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TRNG I HC KHOA HC T NHIN Khoa Mi Trng

Danh sch thnh vin nhm 7:

inh Th Mai Trang L Th M Li Nguyn Th Lan Nguyn Nht Linh Nguyn Th Hin

1. Tng

quan v nhim nc: 2. Mt vi cht gy nhim nc 3. S nhim ca b mt nc, cch x l. 4. nhim nc ngm v cch x l. 5. Tiu chun cht lng nc 6. X l nc thi

1.1 Mt s khi nim: nhim nc: l s gim cht lng nc c xc nh bi cc tiu chun vt l, ha hc v sinh hc. Cht nhim l mt vi hp cht vt qu mc cho php dn n gy hi cho sinh vt.

1.2 Mt s ngun gy nhim nc R r t nhng bn cha v ng dn,t h thng b t hoi hoc nhng h chn lp cht thi Trn hoc r r do tai nn Nc thi t hot ng nng nghip nh chn nui, ti tiu S xm nhp mn. Ra la v r r nc c tnh axit t hot ng khai thc m S iu chnh khng thch hp vic o ging S thm ngm ca dng chy t th, cng nghip, nng nghip

Nhng vn lin quan n nhim nc bin i rt nhanh chng. Thi gian tn ti Yu t c trng

Kch thc b cha

Cht thi c nhu cu xy ha

Sinh vt gy bnh.

Cht c

Cht gy nhim

Lp trm tch

Cht dinh dng


Du

Nhit

3.1im ngun nc mt nhim (point sources of Surface-water pollution)

3.2. Ngun bin dng ca s nhim nc mt. (non-point sources of Surface-water pollution):

3.3 Gim thiu nhim b mt nc:


Kim

sot nhim cng nghip v thnh ph thng qua lut . Mt h thng ci tin c s dng vt liu t nhin lm sch nc. B sung cht x l l clo.

Lng cht nhim

Yu t nh hng n mc nguy him

c tnh

Nng

Mc tip xc.

4.1 So snh tnh trng nhim nc ngm v nc b mt:


nhim nc ngm Kh nng pha long v phn tn ca nhim c gii hn. Thiu oxy trong nc ngm git cht vi sinh vt hiu kh (cn oxy) c th gip phn hy cc cht nhim

nhim nc b mt Pha long v phn tn cc cht nhim oxy sn c v nh sng mt tri gp phn lm gim nhanh chng hm lng ca cht nhim

4.2 Trao i gia nc ngm v mi trng xung quanh:


t,

trm tch t, v thng qua nc ngm i qua nh mt my lc t nhin. Nc c th trao i vt liu vi t v Nu b mt t hoc nhim cao hoc cha cc yu t t nhin c hi cc qu trnh trao i t nhin c th lm nc nhim c.

4.3 Nc mn xm nhp.
Nguyn nhn: Vic bm v o nc ngm

4.4 X l nc ngm:
Bc quan trng lin quan n vic iu chnh mt vn nhim nc ngm l: c trng a cht. (tnh nng nh thm, nhng l ln t, v cc cu trc a cht ). c trng thy vn. (chiu su nc ngm, hng dng chy, v tc dng chy). Xc nh cc cht gy nhim v qu trnh vn chuyn. Bt u qu trnh x l. (loi cht gy nhim, phng php vn chuyn, v c im ca mi trng a phng).

Phng php x l nc ngm


Nn x l X l sinh thm thu: hc: cung Khuyn Khai thc Khai thc khch s cp cht hi: khai cc ging: dinh dng, trung ha thc s bm v x oxy vsv ca cc cht l bng cch dng hi v phn hy gy nhim sau x lc, oxy bi cc qu cht ha,.. l. nhim pht trnh ha hc, vt l, trin sinh hc

Tng quan: Phng php x l c s khc bit gia nng thn v th ln: Nng thn: bng h thng x l thng rc. th ln: nc thi thng c thu t h thng thot nc. Ti nguyn nc ang b thiu ht. Cng ngh mi cng ang c pht trin x l nc thi khng phi l cht thi m l mt ngun ti nguyn s dng

6.1B t hoi x l nc thi:

Loi t

Yu t a cht nh hng ti cht lng ca mt h thng b t hoi

Chiu su tng t

su mc nc ngm a hnh

6.2.Nh my x l nc thi:

Mc ch :
Lm gim lng cht rn l lng, vi khun v oxy cn thit trong nc thi. B cc dng cht v cc cht v c c hi c th c.

X l nc thi hin ti thng c hai hoc ba giai on:

Giai on s cp

Giai on th cp

Giai on nng cao

Gii quyt v x l bn: Mc tiu chnh: chuyn i cc cht hu c ti mt dng tng i n nh gim khi lng bn bng cch loi b cht lng tiu dit hay kim sot vi khun gy hi sn xut cc sn phm c th s dng bn lm gim chi ph bn

Cch x l: t. Chn trong bi rc. Chn lp ci to t . Thi ra ngoi i dng.

6.3 Ci to nc thi: L qu trnh ci to cht lng b nhim.

6.4 X l nc thi nh khi phc ti nguyn: Qu trnh x l s to ngun ti nguyn nh :


Kh metan ( c th s dng lm nhin liu). Sn xut cy cnh hoc cc cy khc c gi tr thng mi.

Ti liu tham kho:

Environmenal geology (Edward A. Keller)

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