Tổng hợp kiến thức Hóa 8

47
C
CCh
hhu
uuy
yy
n
nn
1
11
N
NNG
GGU
UUY
YY
N
NN T
TT
-
-- N
NNG
GGU
UUY
YY
N
NN T
TT
H
HHO
OO
H
HH
C
CC
I. KIN THC C BN:
1/ NT l ht v cng nh, trung ho v in v t to mi cht. NT gm ht nhn mang in tch + v
v to bi electron (e) mang in tch (-)
2/ Ht nhn to bi prton (p) mang in tch (+) v ntron (n) ko mang in. Nhng NT cng loi c
cng s p trong ht nhn. Khi lng ht nhn = khi lng NT
3/Bit trong NT s p = s e. Electron lun chuyn ng v sp xp thnh tng lp. Nh e m NT c kh
nng lin kt c vi nhau. Nguyn t c th ln kt c vi nhau nh e lp ngoi cng.
STT ca lp : 1 2 3
S e ti a : 2e 8e 18e
4/ Nguyn t ho hc l tp hp nhng nguyn t c cng s p trong ht nhn.
Vy: s P l s c trng cho mt nguyn t ho hc.
- Quan h gia s p v s n : p s n s 1,5p (ng vi 83 nguyn t u)
- Khi lng tng i ca 1 nguyn t (nguyn t khi)
NTK = s n + s p
5/ Cch biu din nguyn t: Mi nguyn t c biu din bng mt hay hai ch ci, ch ci u c
vit dng hoa, ch ci th hai (nu c) vit thng Mi k hiu ch mt nguyn t ca nguyn t .
Vd: K hiu Na biu din {nguyn t natri ,mt nguyn t natri}
6/ Mt n v cacbon (vC) = 1/12khi lng ca mt nguyn t C
m
C
= 19,9206.10
-27
kg
Khi lng tuyt i ca mt nguyn t (tnh theo gam)
+ m
T
= m
e
+ m
p
+ m
n

+ m
P
~ m
n
~

1VC ~ 19,9206.10
-27
kg/12 ~1,66005.10
-27
kg ~1.67.10
- 24
g,
+ m
e
~9.11.10
-28
g
7/ Nguyn t khi l khi lng ca 1 nguyn t tnh bng n v C (vit tt l v.C). Mi nguyn t c
mt NTK ring.
Khi lng 1 nguyn t = khi lng 1vc.NTK
(1VC =
1
12
KL ca NT(C) (M
C
= 1.9926.10
- 23
g) =
1
12
1.9926.10
- 23
g= 1.66.10
- 24
g)

II. BI TP:
1. Trong phn ng ho hc cho bit:
a) Ht vi m no c bo ton, ht no c th b chia nh ra?
b) Nguyn t c b chia nh khng?
c) V sao c s bin i phn t ny thnh phn t khc? V sao c s bin i cht ny thnh
cht khc trong phn ng ha hc?
2. Bit nguyn t C c khi lng bng 1.9926.10
- 23
g. Tnh khi lng bng gam ca nguyn t Natri.
Bit NTK Na = 23. (p s: 38.2.10
- 24
g)
3. Bit rng 4 nguyn t Mage nng bng 3 nguyn t nguyn t X. Xc nh tn,KHHH ca nguyn t
X. (p s:O= 32)
4. Nguyn t X nng gp hai ln nguyn t oxi .
b) Nguyn t Y nh hn nguyn t Magie 0,5 ln .
c) Nguyn t Z nng hn nguyn t Natri l 17 vc .
Hy tnh nguyn t khi ca X,Y, Z .tn nguyn t, k hiu ho hc ca nguyn t ?
5. NTK ca nguyn t C bng 3/4 NTK ca nguyn t O, NTK ca nguyn t O bng 1/2 NTK S. Tnh
khi lng ca nguyn t O. (p s:O= 16, S=32)
6. Nguyn t oxi c 8 p trong ht nhn. Cho bit thnh phn ht nhn ca 3 nguyn t X,Y,Z theo bng
sau:
47
Nguyn t Ht nhn
X 8p , 8 n
Y 8p , 9n
Z 8p , 10 n
Nhng nguyn t ny thuc cng mt nguyn t no ? v sao ?
7. Nguyn t st c 26p, 30n, 26e
a. Tnh khi lng nguyn t st.
b. Tnh khi lng e trong 1Kg st.
8. Nguyn t X c tng cc ht l 52 trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 16
ht.
a) Hy xc nh s p, s n v s e trong nguyn t X.
b) V s nguyn t X.
c) Hy vit tn, k hiu ho hc v nguyn t khi ca nguyn t X.
9. Mt nguyn t X c tng s ht e, p, n l 34. S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l
10. Tm tn nguyn t X. V s cu to ca nguyn t X v ion c to ra t nguyn t X.
10. Tm tn nguyn t Y c tng s ht trong nguyn t l 13. Tnh khi lng bng gam ca nguyn t.
11. Mt nguyn t X c tng s ht l 46, s ht khng mang in bng
8
15
s ht mang in. Xc nh
nguyn t X thuc nguyn t no ? v s cu to nguyn t X?
12. Trong 1 tp hp cc phn t ng sunfat (CuSO
4
) c khi lng 160000 vC. Cho bit tp hp
c bao nhiu nguyn t mi loi.
13. Nguyn t M c s n nhiu hn s p l 1 v s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l
10. Hy xc nh M l nguyn t no?
14. Tng s ht p, e, n trong nguyn t l 28, trong s ht khng mang in chim xp x 35%.
Tnh s ht mi loa. V s cu to nguyn t .
15. Nguyn t Z c tng s ht bng 58 v c nguyn t khi < 40. Hi Z thuc nguyn t ho hc no.
V s cu to nguyn t ca nguyn t Z ? Cho bit Z l g (kim loi hay phi kim ?)
(p s :Z thuc nguyn t Kali ( K ))
Hng dn gii : bi 2p + n = 58 n = 58 2p ( 1 )
Mt khc : p s n s 1,5p ( 2 )
p s 58 2p s 1,5p gii ra c 16,5 s p s 19,3 (p: nguyn)
Vy p c th nhn cc gi tr : 17,18,19
p 17 18 19
n 24 22 20
NTK = n + p 41 40 39
Vy nguyn t Z thuc nguyn t Kali ( K )
16. Tm 2 nguyn t A, B trong cc trng hp sau y :
a) Bit A, B ng k tip trong mt chu k ca bng tun hon v c tng s in tch ht nhn l 25.
b) A, B thuc 2 chu k k tip v cng mt phn nhm chnh trong bng tun hon. Tng s in tch
ht nhn l 32.

C
CCh
hhu
uuy
yy
n
nn
2
22
C
CCH
HH
T
TT V
VV
S
SS
B
BBI
II
N
NN
I
II C
CCH
HH
T
TT
I. KIN THC C BN:
1/Hin tng vt l l s bin i hnh dng hay trng thi ca cht.
2/Hin tng ho hc: l s bin i cht ny thnh cht khc.
3/n cht: l nhng cht c to nn t mt nguyn t ho hc t mt nguyn t hh c th to nhiu
n cht khc nhau.
4/Hp cht : l nhng cht c to nn t hai nguyn t ho hc tr ln.
5/Phn t: l ht gm 1 s nguyn t lin kt vi nhau v th hin y tnh cht ho hc ca cht.
6/Phn t khi :- L khi lng ca nguyn t tnh bng n v cacbon.
47
- PTK bng tng cc nguyn t khi c trong phn t.
7/Trng thi ca cht:Tu iu kin mt cht c th tn ti trng thi lng, rn, hi.

II. BI TP:
1. Khi un nng, ng b phn hu bin i thnh than v nc. Nh vy, phn t ung do nguyn
t no to nn? ng l n cht hay hp cht.
2. a) Khi nh dim c la bt chy, hin tng l hin tng g?
b) Trong cc hin tng sau y, hin tng no l hin tng ha hc: trng b thi; mc ha
tan vo nc; ty mu vi xanh thnh trng.
3. Em hy cho bit nhng phng php vt l thng dng dng tch cc cht ra khi mt hn hp.
Em hy cho bit hn hp gm nhng cht no th p dng c cc phng php . Cho v d minh
ha.
4. Phn t ca mt cht A gm hai nguyn t, nguyn t X lin kt vi mt nguyn t oxi v nng hn
phn t hiro 31 ln.
a) A l n cht hay hp cht
b) Tnh phn t khi ca A
c) Tnh nguyn t khi ca X. Cho bit tn v k hiu ca nguyn t.

C
CCh
hhu
uuy
yy
n
nn
3
33
L
LL
P
PP C
CC
N
NNG
GG T
TTH
HH
C
CC H
HHO
OO
H
HH
C
CC

II. LP CTHH DA VO THNH PHN PHN T:
Cht
(Do nguyn t to nn)

n cht Hp cht
(Do 1 ng.t to nn) (Do 2 ng.t tr ln to nn)
CTHH: A
X
AxBy

+ x=1 (gm cc n cht kim loi, S, C, Si..) (Qui tc ha tr: a.x = b.y)
+ x= 2(gm : O
2
, H
2,
, Cl
2,
, N
2
, Br
2
, I
2
..)

Oxit Axit Baz Mui
( M
2
O
y
) ( H
x
A ) ( M(OH)
y
) (M
x
A
y
)

1. Lp CTHH hp cht khi bit thnh phn nguyn t v bit ha tr ca chng
* Cch gii: - t CTTQ: AxBy (Bao gm: ( M
2
O
y
, H
x
A, M(OH)
y
, M
x
A
y
)
- Vn dng Qui tc ha tr i vi A,B: a.x = b.y
x
y
=
b
a
(ti gin)
thay x= a, y = b vo CT chung ta c CTHH cn lp.
(B c th l nhm nguyn t:gc axt,nhm OH)
V d: Lp CTHH ca hp cht nhm oxt
a

b

Gii: CTHH c dng chung Al
x
O
y
Ta bit ha tr ca Al=III, O=II
a.x = b.y III.x= II. y
x
y
=
II
III
thay x= 2, y = 3 ta c CTHH l: Al
2
O
3

47
* Bi tp vn dng:
1. Lp cng thc ha hc hp cht c to bi ln lt t cc nguyn t Na, Ca, Al vi
(=O
,
; -Cl; = S; - OH; = SO
4
; - NO
3
; =SO
3
; = CO
3
; - HS; - HSO
3
;- HSO
4
; - HCO
3
; =HPO
4
; -H
2
PO
4
)

2. Cho cc nguyn t: Na, C, S, O, H. Hy vit cc cng thc ho hc ca cc hp cht v c c th
c to thnh cc nguyn t trn?
3. Cho cc nguyn t: Ca, C, S, O, H. Hy vit cc cng thc ho hc ca cc hp cht v c c th
c to thnh cc nguyn t trn?

2.Lp CTHH hp cht khi bit thnh phn khi lng nguyn t .
a. Bit t l khi lng cc nguyn t trong hp cht.
* Cch gii: - t cng thc tng qut: A
x
B
y

- Ta c t l khi lng cc nguyn t:
.
.
A A
B B
M x m
M y m
=

- Tm c t l :
.
.
A B
B A
m M x a
y m M b
= =
(t l cc s nguyn dng, ti gin)
- Thay x= a, y = b Vit thnh CTHH.
V d: Lp CTHH ca st v oxi, bit c 7 phn khi lng st th kt hp vi 3 phn khi lng oxi.

Gii: - t cng thc tng qut: Fe
x
O
y

.
.
MFe x
MO y =
mFe
mO =
7
3

- Tm c t l :
x
y =
.
.
mFe MO
mO MFe
=
7.16
3.56
=
112
168
=
2
3

- Thay x = 2, y = 3 Vit thnh CTHH. Fe
2
O
3

* Bi tp vn dng:
1: Lp CTHH ca st v oxi, bit c 7 phn khi lng st th kt hp vi 3 phn khi lng oxi.
5: Phn t khi ca ng sunfat l 160 vC. Trong c mt nguyn t Cu c nguyn t khi l 64,
mt nguyn t S c nguyn t khi l 32, cn li l nguyn t oxi. Cng thc phn ca hp cht l nh
th no?
6: Xc nh cng thc phn t ca Cu
x
O
y
, bit t l khi lng gia ng v oxi trong oxit
l 4 : 1?
8: Phn t khi ca ng oxit (c thnh phn gm ng v oxi)v ng sunfat c t l 1/2. Bit khi
lng ca phn t ng sunfat l 160 vC. Xc nh cng thc phn t ng oxit?
9. Mt nhm oxit c t s khi lng ca 2 nguyn t nhm v oxi bng 4,5:4. Cng thc ho hc ca
nhm oxit l g?

b. Bit thnh phn phn trm v khi lng cc nguyn t, cho bit NTK, phn t khi.
* Cch gii:
- Tnh khi lng tng nguyn t trong 1 mol hp cht.
- Tnh s mol nguyn t tng nguyn t trong 1 mol hp cht.
- Vit thnh CTHH.
Hoc: - t cng thc tng qut: A
x
B
y

y MB
x MA
.
.
=
B
A
%
%

- Rt ra t l x: y =
MA
A %
:
MB
B %
(ti gin)
47
-
Vit thnh CTHH n gin: (A
a
B
b
)n = M
AxBy
n =
MAxBy
MAaBb

nhn n vo h s a,b ca cng thc A
a
B
b
ta c CTHH cn lp.
V d: Mt hp cht kh Y c phn t khi l 58 vC, cu to t 2 nguyn t C v H trong nguyn t
C chim 82,76% khi lng ca hp cht. Tm cng thc phn t ca hp cht.
Gii: - t cng thc tng qut: C
x
H
y

.
.
MC x
MH y
=
%
%
C
H

- Rt ra t l x: y =
%C
MC
:
%H
MH
=
82,76
12
:
17,24
1
= 1:2
- Thay x= 1,y = 2 vo C
x
H
y
ta c CTHH n gin: CH
2

- Theo bi ra ta c : (CH
2
)n = 58

n =
58
14
= 5
Ta c CTHH cn lp : C
5
H
10

* Bi tp vn dng:
1: Hp cht X c phn t khi bng 62 vC. Trong phn t ca hp cht nguyn t oxi chim 25,8%
theo khi lng, cn li l nguyn t Na. S nguyn t ca nguyn t O v Na trong phn t hp cht l
bao nhiu ?
2: Mt hp cht X c thnh phn % v khi lng l :40%Ca, 12%C v 48% O . Xc nh CTHH ca
X. Bit khi lng mol ca X l 100g.
3: Tm cng thc ho hc ca cc hp cht sau.
a) Mt cht lng d bay hi, thnh phn t c 23,8% C, 5,9%H, 70,3%Cl v c PTK bng 50,5.
b) Mt hp cht rn mu trng, thnh phn t c 4o% C, 6,7%H, 53,3% O v c PTK bng 180.
4: Mui n gm 2 nguyn t ho hc l Na v Cl Trong Na chim 39,3% theo khi lng . Hy tm
cng thc ho hc ca mui n, bit phn t khi ca n gp 29,25 ln PTK H
2
.
5: Xc nh cng thc ca cc hp cht sau:
a) Hp cht to thnh bi magie v oxi c phn t khi l 40, trong phn trm v khi lng ca
chng ln lt l 60% v 40%.
b) Hp cht to thnh bi lu hunh v oxi c phn t khi l 64, trong phn trm v khi lng
ca oxi l 50%.
c) Hp cht ca ng, lu hunh v oxi c phn t khi l 160, c phn trm ca ng v lu
hunh ln lt l 40% v 20%.
d) Hp cht to thnh bi st v oxi c khi lng phn t l 160, trong phn trm v khi
lng ca oxi l 70%.
e) Hp cht ca ng v oxi c phn t khi l 114, phn trm v khi lng ca ng l 88,89%.
f) Hp cht ca canxi v cacbon c phn t khi l 64, phn trm v khi lng ca cacbon l
37,5%.
g) A c khi lng mol phn t l 58,5g; thnh phn % v khi lng nguyn t: 60,68% Cl cn li
l Na.
h) B c khi lng mol phn t l 106g; thnh phn % v khi lng ca cc nguyn t: 43,4% Na;
11,3% C cn li l ca O.
i) C c khi lng mol phn t l 101g; thnh phn phn trm v khi lng cc nguyn t:
38,61% K; 13,86% N cn li l O.
j) D c khi lng mol phn t l 126g; thnh phn % v khi lng ca cc nguyn t: 36,508%
Na; 25,4% S cn li l O.
k) E c 24,68% K; 34,81% Mn; 40,51%O. E nng hn NaNO3 1,86 ln.
l) F cha 5,88% v khi lng l H cn li l ca S. F nng hn kh hiro 17 ln.
m) G c 3,7% H; 44,44% C; 51,86% O. G c khi lng mol phn t bng Al.
n) H c 28,57% Mg; 14,285% C; 57,145% O. Khi lng mol phn t ca H l 84g.
47
6. Phn t canxi cacbonat c phn t khi l 100 vC , trong nguyn t canxi chim 40% khi lng,
nguyn t cacbon chim 12% khi lng. Khi lng cn li l oxi. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca
hp cht canxi cacbonat?
7: Trong hp cht XH
n
c cha 17,65% l hidro. Bit hp cht ny c t khi so vi kh Metan CH
4
l
1,0625. X l nguyn t no ?

c. Bit thnh phn phn trm v khi lng cc nguyn t m bi khng cho bit NTK,phn t khi.
x
B
y

y MB
x MA
.
.
=
B
A
%
%

- Rt ra t l x: y = MA
A %
:
MB
B %
(ti gin)
- Vit thnh CTHH.
V d: Hy xc nh cng thc hp cht A bit thnh phn % v khi lng cc nguyn t l:
40%Cu. 20%S v 40% O.
Gii: - t cng thc tng qut: Cu
x
S
y
O
z

- Rt ra t l x: y:z =
%Cu
MCu
:
%S
Ms
:
%O
Mo
=
40
64
:
20
32
:
40
16
=
= 0.625 : 0.625 : 2.5 = 1:1:4
- Thay x = 1, y = 1, z = 4 vo CTHH Cu
x
S
y
O
z
, vit thnh CTHH: CuSO
4

* Bi tp vn dng:
1: Hai nguyn t X kt hp vi 1 nguyn t oxi to ra phn t oxit . Trong phn t, nguyn t oxi chim
25,8% v khi lng .Tm nguyn t X (s: Na)
3: Hai nguyn t X kt hp vi 1 nguyn t O to ra phn t oxit. Trong phn t, nguyn t oxi chim
25,8% v khi lng. Hi nguyn t X l nguyn t no?
4: Mt nguyn t M kt hp vi 3 nguyn t H to thnh hp cht vi hydro. Trong phn t, khi
lng H chim 17,65%. Hi nguyn t M l g?
5: Hai nguyn t Y kt hp vi 3 nguyn t O to ra phn t oxit. Trong phn t, nguyn t oxi chim
30% v khi lng. Hi nguyn t X l nguyn t no?
6. Mt hp cht c thnh phn gm 2 nguyn t C v O. Thnh phn ca hp cht c 42,6% l nguyn
t C, cn li l nguyn t oxi. Xc nh v t l s nguyn t ca C v s nguyn t oxi trong hp cht.

d. Bin lun gi tr khi lng mol(M) theo ha tr(x,y) tm NTK hoc PTK..bit thnh phn % v
khi lng hoc t l khi lng cc nguyn t.
+ Trng hp cho thnh phn % v khi lng
* Cch gii:
- t cng thc tng qut: A
x
B
y

y MB
x MA
.
.
= B
A
%
%

Rt ra t l :
.
.
MB
MA
=
x B
y A
. %
. %
.Bin lun tm gi tr thch hp

M
A
,M
B
theo x, y
- Vit thnh CTHH.
V d: B l oxit ca mt kim loi R cha r ho tr. Bit thnh phn % v khi lng ca oxi trong
hp cht bng
7
3
% ca R trong hp cht .
Gii: Gi % R = a% % O =
7
3
a%
Gi ho tr ca R l n CTTQ ca C l: R
2
O
n

Ta c: 2 : n =
R
a%
:
16
% 7 / 3 a
R =
6
112n

47
V n l ha tr ca nguyn t nn n phi nguyn dng, ta c bng sau:

n I II III IV
R 18,6 37,3 56 76,4
loi loi Fe loi
Vy cng thc phn t ca C l Fe
2
O
3
.
+ Trng hp cho t l v khi lng
x
B
y

- Ta c t l khi lng cc nguyn t: M
A
.x : M
B.
.y = m
A
: m
B

- Tm c t l :
.
.
MB
MA
=
x mB
y mA
.
.
. Bin lun tm gi tr thch hp

M
A
,M
B
theo x, y
- Vit thnh CTHH.
V d: C l oxit ca mt kim loi M cha r ho tr. Bit t l v khi lng ca M v O bng
3
7
.
Gii: Gi ho tr ca M l n CTTQ ca C l: M
2
O
n

Ta c:
.
.
MB
MA
=
x mB
y mA
.
.

. 16
. MA
=
2 . 3
. 7 y
. M
A
=
6
112n

V n l ha tr ca nguyn t nn n phi nguyn dng, ta c bng sau:

n I II III IV
M 18,6 37,3 56 76,4
loi loi Fe loi
Vy cng thc phn t ca C l Fe
2
O
3
.

* Bi tp vn dng:
1. Oxit ca kim loi mc ho tr thp cha 22,56% oxi, cn oxit ca kim loi mc ho tr cao
cha 50,48%. Tnh nguyn t khi ca kim loi .
2. C mt hn hp gm 2 kim loi A v B c t l khi lng nguyn t 8:9. Bit khi lng nguyn t
ca A, B u khng qu 30 vC. Tm 2 kim loi
*Gii: Nu A : B = 8 : 9 th
8
9
A n
B n
=

Theo : t s nguyn t khi ca 2 kim loi l
8
9
A
B
= nn
8
9
A n
B n
=
( n e z
+
)
V A, B u c KLNT khng qu 30 vC nn : 9n s 30 n s 3
Ta c bng bin lun sau :
n 1 2 3
A 8 16 24
B 9 18 27
Suy ra hai kim loi l Mg v Al

Ch
hhu
uuy
yy
n
nn
4
44
M
MMO
OOL
LL
T
TT
N
NNH
HH T
TTO
OO
N
NN H
HH
A
AA H
HH
C
CC
I. KIN THC C BN:
1/ Mol l lng cht cha 6.10
23
nguyn t hay phn t. K hiu: n, n v: mol.
2/ Cng thc tnh s mol:
- Da theo s nguyn t:
A
n
N
=

(Trong : A l s nguyn t hay phn t, N = 6.10
23
).
47
- Da theo khi lng cht:
m
n
M
=

(Trong : m l khi lng cht (g), M l KLNT (KLPT).
- Da theo th tch ca cht kh iu kin chun:
22, 4
V
n =
(Trong : V l th tch ca cht kh)
3/ Trong cng iu kin nhit v p sut, cc cht kh u c th tch bng nhau v bng 22,4 lt.

II. BI TP:
1. Hy xc nh cng thc cc hp cht sau:
a) Hp cht B (hp cht kh ) bit t l v khi lng cc nguyn t to thnh: m
C
: m
H
= 6:1, mt lt kh
B (ktc) nng 1,25g.
b) Hp cht C, bit t l v khi lng cc nguyn t l: m
Ca
: m
N
: m
O
= 10:7:24 v 0,2 mol hp cht C
nng 32,8 gam.
c) Hp cht D bit: 0,2 mol hp cht D c cha 9,2g Na, 2,4g C v 9,6g O.
2. Nung 2,45 gam mt cht ha hc A thy thot ra 672 ml kh O
2
(ktc). Phn rn cn li cha 52,35%
kali v 47,65% clo (v khi lng). Tm cng thc ha hc ca A.
3. Mui n gm 2 nguyn t ho hc l Na v Cl Trong Na chim39,3% theo khi lng. Hy tm
cng thc ho hc ca mui n ,bit phn t khi ca n gp 29,25 ln PT Khu m st Tri Cau (Thi
Nguyn) c mt loi qung st. Khi phn tch mu qung ny ngi ta nhn thy c 2,8 gam st. Trong
mu qung trn, khi lng Fe
2
O
3
ng vi hm lng st ni trn l:
A. 6 gam B. 8 gam C. 4 gam D. 3 gam
4. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca Cu
x
O
y
, bit t l khi lng gia ng v oxi trong oxit l 4 : 1. Vit
phng trnh phn ng iu ch ng v ng sunfat t Cu
x
O
y
(cc ha cht khc t chn).
5. Trong phng th nghim c cc kim loi km v magi, cc dung dch axit sunfuric long H
2
SO
4
v
axit clohiric HCl. Mun iu ch c 1,12 lt kh hiro (ktc) phi dng kim loi no, axit no ch
cn mt lng nh nht.
A. Mg v H
2
SO
4
B. Mg v HCl
C. Zn v H
2
SO
4
D. Zn v HCl
6. a)Tm cng thc ca oxit st trong c Fe chim 70% khi lng.
b) Kh hon ton 2,4 gam hn hp CuO v Fe
x
O
y
cng s mol nh nhau bng hiro c 1,76 gam kim
loi. Ho tan kim loi bng dung dch HCl d thy thot ra 0,488 lt H
2
(ktc). Xc nh cng thc
ca oxit st.
C
CCh
hhu
uuy
yy
n
nn
5
55
T
TT
N
NNH
HH T
TTH
HHE
EEO
OO P
PPH
HH
N
NNG
GG T
TTR
RR
N
NNH
HH H
HHO
OO
H
HH
C
CC
I. L THUYT:
1.Dng 1:Tnh khi lng (hoc th tch kh, ktc) ca cht ny khi bit (hoc th tch) ca 1 cht
khc trong phng trnh phn ng.
2. Dng 2: Cho bit khi lng ca 2 cht tham gia, tm khi lng cht to thnh.
3. Dng 3: Tnh theo nhiu phn ng.

II. BI TP:
Bi 1: Cho 8,4 gam st tc dng vi mt lng dung dch HCl va . Dn ton b lng kh sinh ra
qua 16 gam ng (II) oxit nng.
47
a) Tnh th tch kh hiro sinh ra (ktc)
b) Tnh khi lng kim loi ng thu c sau phn ng.
Bi 2:Khi t, than chy theo s sau:
Cacbon + oxi kh cacbon ioxit
a) Vit v cn bng phng trnh phn ng.
b) Cho bit khi lng cacbon tc dng bng 9 kg, khi lng oxi tc dng bng 24 kg. Hy tnh khi
lng kh cacbon ioxit to thnh.
c) Nu khi lng cacbon tc dng bng 6 kg, khi lng kh cacbonic thu c bng 22 kg, hy tnh
khi lng oxi phn ng.
p s: b) 33 kg c) 16 kg

III. CC DNG BI TP HA HC C BN:
1. Bi tp dng thiu tha:
* Cch gii:
Trng hp c 2 cht tham gia phn ng u cho bit s mol (hoc khi lng, th tch) ca 2
cht, th lu c th c mt cht d. Khi tnh s mol (hoc khi lng, th tch) cht to thnh phi
tnh theo lng cht thiu.
* Cch gii chung :
- Vit v cn bng PTHH:
- Tnh s mol ca cht bi cho.
- Xc nh lng cht no phn ng ht, cht no d bng cch:
- Lp t s : S mol cht A bi cho (>; =; <) S mol cht B bi cho
S mol cht A trn PT S mol cht B trn PT
=> T s ca cht no ln hn cht d; t s ca cht no nh hn, cht p ht.
- Da vo PTHH, tm s mol cc cht sn phm theo cht p ht.
- Tnh ton theo yu cu ca bi (khi lng, th tch cht kh)

* Bi tp vn dng:
1. Khi t, than chy theo s sau : Cacbon + oxi kh cacbon ioxit
a) Vit v cn bng phng trnh phn ng.
b) Cho bit khi lng cacbon tc dng bng 18 kg, khi lng oxi tc dng bng 24 kg. Hy tnh khi
lng kh cacbon ioxit to thnh.
c) Nu khi lng cacbon tc dng bng 8 kg, khi lng kh cacbonic thu c bng 22 kg, hy tnh
khi lng cacbon cn d v khi lng oxi phn ng.
2. Cho 22,4g Fe tc dng vi dd long c cha 24,5g axit sulfuric.
a. Tnh s mol mi cht ban u v cho bit cht d trong p?
b. Tnh khi lng cht cn d sau p?
c. Tnh th tch kh hidro thu c ktc?
d. Tnh khi lng mui thu c sau p?
3. Cho dd cha 58,8g H
2
SO
4
tc dng vi 61,2g Al
2
O
3
.
a. Tnh s mol mi cht ban u ca hai cht p?
b. Sau p cht no d, d bao nhiu gam?
c. Tnh khi lng mui nhm sunfat to thnh?
(bit H
2
SO
4
+ Al
2
O
3
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ H
2
O)
4. Dng 6,72 lt kh H
2
(ktc) kh 20g St (III) oxit.
a. Vit PTHH ca p?
47
b. Tnh khi lng oxit st t thu c?
5. Cho 4,05g kim loi Al vo dd H
2
SO
4
, sa p thu c 3,36 lt kh ktc.
a. Tnh khi lng Al p?
b. Tnh khi lng mui thu c v khi lng axit p?
c. ha tan ht lng Al cn d cn phi dng them bao nhiu gam axit?
6. Cho 2,8 gam st tc dng vi 14,6 gam dung dch axit clohiric HCl nguyn cht.
a. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
b. Cht no cn d sau phn ng v d bao nhiu gam?
c. Tnh th tch kh H
2
thu c (ktc)?
d. Nu mun cho phn ng xy ra hon ton th phi dng thm cht kia mt lng l bao nhiu?
7. Cho 1 dd c cha 10g NaOH tc dng vi 1 dd c cha 10g HNO
3
.
Hy cho bit dung dch sau phn ng s lm giy qu tm chuyn sang mu g?
8. Trn 1 dd c ha tan 0,2 mol CuCl
2
vi 1 dd c ha tan 20g NaOH. Lc hn hp cc cht sau p,
c kt ta v nc lc. Nung kt ta n khi khi lng ko i.
a) Tnh khi lng cht rn thu c sau khi nung.
b) Tnh khi lng cc cht tan c trong nc lc.

2. Bi tp dng hn hp:
* Cch gii:
Cho m (g) hn hp A (gm M, M) + B. Cc cht trong hn hp A u phn ng hon ton vi
lng cht B.
* Cch gii chung :
- Vit v cn bng PTHH Xy ra.
- Tnh s mol cc cht trong qu trnh phn ng theo cc d kin ca bi.
- Da vo PTHH, cc d kin bi ton, lp h phng trnh bc nht 2 n (hoc 3 n). Tm lng
cc cht trong hn hp hay lng cc cht sn phm theo yu cu .

* Bi tp vn dng:
1. Cho 5,1 gam hn hp Al v Mg vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
long, d thu c 5,6 lt kh H
2
(ktc). Tnh
khi lng mi kim loi ban u. Bit phn ng xy ra hon ton.
2. Cho 2,8 gam st tc dng vi 14,6 gam dung dch axit clohiric HCl nguyn cht.
a) Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
b) Cht no cn d sau phn ng v d bao nhiu gam?
c) Tnh th tch kh H
2
thu c (ktc)?
d) Nu mun cho phn ng xy ra hon ton th phi dng thm cht kia mt lng l bao nhiu?
p s: b) 8, 4 gam; c) 3,36 lt; d) 8, 4 gam st.
3. Cho hn hp CuO v Fe
2
O
3
tc dng vi H
2
nhit thch hp. Hi nu thu c 26,4 gam hn hp
ng v st, trong khi lng ng gp 1,2 ln khi lng st th cn tt c bao nhiu lt kh hiro.
p s: 12,23 lt.
4. Cho mt hn hp cha 4,6 gam natri v 3,9 gam kali tc dng vi nc.
a) Vit phng trnh phn ng.
b) Tnh th tch kh hiro thu c (ktc)
c) Dung dch sau phn ng lm qu tm bin i mu nh th no?
p s: b) 3,36 lt; c) mu xanh
5. C mt hn hp gm 60% Fe
2
O
3
v 40% CuO. Ngi ta dng H
2
(d) kh 20 gam hn hp .
47
a) Tnh khi lng st v khi lng ng thu c sau phn ng.
b) Tnh s mol H
2
tham gia phn ng.
6. Trong phng th nghim c cc kim loi km v magi, cc dung dch axit sunfuric long H
2
SO
4
v
axit clohiric HCl. Mun iu ch c 1,12 lt kh hiro (ktc) phi dng kim loi no, axit no ch
cn mt lng nh nht.
A. Mg v H
2
SO
4
B. Mg v HCl
C. Zn v H
2
SO
4
D. Zn v HCl
7. Cho 60,5 gam hn hp gm hai kim loi km Zn v st Fe tc dng vi dung dch axit clohiric.
Thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca st chim 46,289% khi lng hn hp.Tnh
a) Khi lng mi cht trong hn hp.
b) Th tch kh H
2
(ktc) sinh ra khi cho hn hp 2 kim loi trn tc dng vi dung dch axit clohiric.
c) Khi lng cc mui to thnh.
p s: a) 28 gam Fe v 32,5 gam km
b) 22,4 lt
c)
2
FeCl
m = 63,5gam v
2
ZnCl
m = 68 gam
8. Kh 15,2 gam hn hp gm Fe
2
O
3
v FeO bng H
2
nhit cao thu c st kim loi. ha tan
ht lng st ny cn 0,4 mol HCl.
a.Tnh % v khi lng ca mi oxit c trong hn hp ban u ?
b.Tnh th tch H
2
thu c ( ktc)?
9. Cho 19,46 gam hn hp gm Mg , Al v Zn trong khi lng ca Magie bng khi lng ca
nhm tc dng vi dung dch HCl to thnh 16, 352 lt kh H
2
thot ra ( ktc).
Tnh % v khi lng ca tng kim loi c trong hn hp ?
10. Cho 46,1 (g) hn hp Mg, Fe, Zn phn ng vi dung dch HCl th thu c 17,92 lt H
2
(ktc). Tnh
thnh phn phn trm v khi lng cc kim loi trong hn hp. Bit rng th tch kh H
2
do st to ra
gp i th tch H
2
do Mg to ra.
11. Ha tan 7,8g hn hp gm Al, Mg bng dd HCl d. Sau phn ng, khi lng dd axit tng thm 7g.
Xc nh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp u.
12. Ha tan 4,5g hp kim nhm magie trong dd H
2
SO
4
long, d, thy c 5,04 lt kh H
2
bay ra (ktc).
Tnh thnh phn % khi lng ca cc kim loi trong hp kim.
13. Ha tan 6g hp kim Cu-Fe-Al trong axit clohidric d th to thnh 3,024 lit H
2
(ktc) v cn li
1,86g kim loi khng tan.
Xc nh thnh phn phn trm khi lng cc kim loi trong hp kim.
14. t chy hon ton 125,6g hn hp FeS
2
v ZnS thu c 102,4g SO
2
. Tnh thnh phn phn trm
mi mui trong hn hp u.
15. Cho bt than d vo hn hp 2 oxit Fe
2
O
3
v CuO un nng phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c
2g hn hp kim loi v 2,24 lit kh (ktc). Tnh khi lng hn hp 2 oxit ban u.
16. un nng 16,8 gam bt st v 6,4 gam bt lu hunh (khng c khng kh) thu c cht rn A.
Ho tan A bng HCl d thot ra kh B. Cho kh B i chm qua dung dch Pb(NO
3
)
2
tch ra kt ta D
mu en. Cc phn ng u xy ra 100%.
a) Vit phng trnh phn ng cho bit A, B, D l g?
b) Tnh th tch kh B (ktc) v khi lng kt ta D.
Cn bao nhiu th tch O
2
(ktc) t hon ton kh B.
17. Cho 1,84g hn hp mui ACO
3
v BCO
3
tc dng ht vi dd HCl thu c 0,672 lit CO
2
(ktc) v
dd X. Tnh khi lng mui trong dd X?
18. Phn hy bng nhit 14,2g hn hp CaCO
3
v MgCO
3
ta thu c 6,6g CO
2
( ktc). Tnh thnh
phn % cc cht trong hn hp.
19. Cho 38,2g hn hp Na
2
CO
3
v K
2
CO
3
vo dd HCl. Dn lng kh sinh ra qua nc vi trong c d
th thu c 30g kt ta.
47
Tnh khi lng mi mui trong hn hp u.
20. Cho 0,325g hn hp gm NaCl v KCl c ha tan vo nc. Sau cho dd AgNO
3
vo dd trn, ta
c 1 kt ta; sy kt ta n khi lng ko i thy can nng 0,717g. Tnh thnh phn % cc cht
trong hn hp.
21. A l mt hn hp bt gm Ba, Mg, Al.
- Ly m gam A cho vo nc ti khi ht phn ng thy thot ra 6,94 lt H
2
(ktc).
- Ly m gam A cho vo dung dch xt d ti ht phn ng thy thot ra 6,72 lt H
2
(ktc).
- Ly m gam A ho tan bng mt lng va dung dch axit HCl c mt dung dch v
9,184 lt H
2
(ktc).
Hy tnh m v % khi lng cc kim loi trong A.
22. t chy 29,6 gam hn hp kim loi Cu v Fe cn 6,72 lt kh oxi iu kin tiu chun. Tnh khi
lng cht rn thu c theo 2 cch.

3. Bi tp c hiu sut phn ng:
* Cch gii:
Cch 1: Da vo lng cht thiu tham gia phn ng
H = Lng thc t phn ng .100%
Lng tng s ly
- Lng thc t phn ng c tnh qua phng trnh phn ng theo lng sn phm bit.
- Lng thc t phn ng < lng tng s ly.
- Lng thc t phn ng, lng tng s ly c cng n v.

Cch 2: Da vo 1 trong cc cht sn phm
H = Lng sn phm thc t thu c .100%
Lng sn phm thu theo l thuyt
- Lng sn phm thu theo l thuyt c tnh qua phng trnh phn ng theo lng cht tham
gia phn ng vi gi thit H = 100%
- Lng sn phm thc t thu c thng cho trong bi.
- Lng sn phm thc t thu c < Lng sn phm thu theo l thuyt.
- Lng sn phm thc t thu c v Lng sn phm thu theo l thuyt phi c cng n v
o.

* Bi tp vn dng:
Bi 1: Nung 1 kg vi cha 80% CaCO
3
thu c 112 dm
3
CO
2
(ktc) .Tnh hiu sut phn hu
CaCO
3
.
Bi 2: a) Khi cho kh SO
3
hp nc cho ta dung dch H
2
SO
4
. Tnh lng H
2
SO
4
iu ch c khi cho
40 Kg SO
3
hp nc. Bit Hiu sut phn ng l 95%.
b) Ngi ta dng qung boxit sn xut nhm theo s phn ng sau:
Al
2
O
3

in phn nng chy, xc tc
Al + O
2

Hm lng Al
2
O
3
trong qung boxit l 40% . c c 4 tn nhm nguyn cht cn bao nhiu tn
qung. Bit H ca qu trnh sn xut l 90%
Bi 3: C th iuch bao nhiu kg nhm t 1 tn qung bxit c cha 95% nhm oxit, bit hiu sut
phn ng l 98%.
PT: Al
2
O
3

in phn nng chy, xc tc
Al + O
2

Bi 4: Ngi ta dng 490kg than t l chy my. Sau khi l ngui, thy cn 49kg than cha chy.
a) Tnh hiu sut ca s chy trn.
b) Tnh lng CaCO
3
thu c, khi cho ton b kh CO
2
vo nc vi trong d.
Bi 5: Ngi ta iu ch vi sng (CaO) bng cch nung vi (CaCO
3
). Lng vi sng thu c t 1
tn vi c cha 10% tp cht l 0,45 tn. Tnh hiu sut phn ng.
p s: 89,28%
47
Bi 6: C th iu ch bao nhiu kg nhm t 1tn qung boxit c cha 95% nhm oxit, bit hiu sut
phn ng l 98%.
p s: 493 kg
Bi 7: Khi cho kh SO
3
tc dng vi nc cho ta dung dch H
2
SO
4
. Tnh lng H
2
SO
4
iu ch c khi
cho 40 kg SO
3
tc dng vi nc. Bit hiu sut phn ng l 95%.
p s: 46,55 kg
Bi 8.Ngi ta iu ch vi sng (CaO) bng cch nung vi CaCO
3
. Lng vi sng thu c t 1
tn vi c cha 10% tp cht l:
A. O,352 tn B. 0,478 tn C. 0,504 tn D. 0,616 tn
Hy gii thch s la chn? Gi s hiu sut nung vi t 100%.

4. Tp cht v lng dng d trong phn ng:
a. Tp cht:
Tp cht l cht c ln trong nguyn liu ban u nhng l cht khng tham gia phn ng. V v phi
tnh ra lng nguyn cht (tinh khit) trc khi thc hin tnh ton theo phng trnh phn ng.
* Ghi ch: tinh khit = 100% - % tp cht
Hoc tinh khit = khi lng cht tinh khit.100%
Khi lng ko tinh khit
Bi 1: Nung 200g vi c ln tp cht c vi sng CaO v CO
2
.Tnh khi lng vi sng thu c
nu H = 80%
Bi 2: t chy 6,5 g lu hunh khng tinh khit trong kh oxi d c 4,48l kh SO
2
ktc.
a) Vit PTHH xy ra.
b) Tnh tinh khit ca mu lu hunh trn?
Bi 3: Ngi ta iu ch vi sng bng cch nung vi( CaCO
3
) .Tnh lng vi sng thu c t 1
tn vi cha 10% tp cht.
Bi 4: 1 nng trng ngi ta dng mui ngm nc CuSO
4
.5H
2
O bn rung. Ngi ta bn 25kg
mui trn 1ha t >Lng Cu c a v t l bao nhiu ( vi lng phn bn trn). Bit rng mui
cha 5% tp cht.
( S 6,08 kg)
b. Lng dng d trong phn ng:
Lng ly d 1 cht nhm thc hn phn ng hon ton 1 cht khc. Lng ny khng a vo
phn ng nn khi tnh lng cn dng phi tnh tng lng cho phn ng + lng ly d.
Th d: Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 2M cn dng ho tan ht 10,8g Al, bit dng d 5% so vi
lng phn ng.
Gii: -
10,8
0, 4
27
Al
mol
n
= =
2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl
3
+ 3H
2

0,4mol 1,2mol
- 1, 2
HCl
mol
n
=
Vdd HCl (p) = 1,2/2 = 0,6 lit
V dd HCl(d) = 0,6.5/100 = 0,03 lit
-----> Vdd HCl dng = Vp + Vd = 0,6 + 0,03 = 0,63 lit
Bi tp. Trong phng th nghim cn iu ch 5,6 lt kh O
2
(ktc). Hi phi dng bao
nhiu gam KClO
3
?
Bit rng kh oxi thu c sau phn ng b hao ht 10%)

47
C
CCh
hhu
uuy
yy
n
nn
6
66
O
OOX
XXI
II-
-- H
HHI
II
R
RRO
OO V
VV
H
HH
P
PP C
CCH
HH
T
TT V
VV
C
CC

Bi 1: C 4 bnh ng ring cc kh sau: khng kh, kh oxi, kh hiro, kh cacbonic. Bng cch no
nhn bit cc cht kh trong mi bnh. Gii thch v vit cc phng trnh phn ng (nu c).
Bi 2:Vit phng trnh ha hc biu din s chy trong oxi ca cc n cht: cacbon, photpho, hiro,
nhm, magi, lu hunh . Hy gi tn cc sn phm.
Bi 3: Vit cc phng trnh phn ng ln lt xy ra theo s :
C
) 1 (
CO
2

) 2 (
CaCO
3

) 3 (
CaO
) 4 (
Ca(OH)
2
sn xut vi trong l vi ngi ta thng sp xp mt lp than, mt lp vi, sau t l.
C nhng phn ng ha hc no xy ra trong l vi? Phn ng no l phn ng to nhit; phn ng no
l phn ng thu nhit; phn ng no l phn ng phn hu; phn ng no l phn ng ha hp?
Bi 4: T cc ha cht: Zn, nc, khng kh v lu hunh

hy iu ch 3 oxit, 2 axit v 2 mui. Vit cc
phng trnh phn ng.
Bi 5.C 4 l mt nhn ng bn cht bt mu trng gm: Na
2
O, MgO, CaO, P
2
O
5
.Dng thuc th no
nhn bit cc cht trn?
A. dng nc v dung dch axit H
2
SO
4

B. dng dung dch axit H
2
SO
4
v phenolphthalein
C. dng nc v giy qu tm.
D. khng c cht no kh c
Bi 6. iu ch kh oxi, ngi ta nung KClO
3
. Sau mt thi gian nung ta thu
c 168,2 gam cht rn v 53,76 lt kh O
2
(ktc).
a) Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi nung KClO
3
.
b) Tnh khi lng KClO
3
ban u em nung.
c) Tnh % khi lng mol KClO
3
b nhit phn.
p s: b) 245 gam.
c) 80%
Bi 7. C 3 l ng cc ha cht rn, mu trng ring bit nhng khng c nhn :
Na
2
O, MgO, P
2
O
5
. Hy dng cc phng php ha hc nhn bit 3 cht
trn. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
Bi 8. Ly cng mt lng KClO
3
v KMnO
4
iu ch kh O
2
. Cht no cho
nhiu kh oxi hn?
a) Vit phng trnh phn ng v gii thch.
b) Nu iu ch cng mt th tch kh oxi th dng cht no kinh t hn? Bit rng gi ca KMnO
4
l
30.000/kg v KClO
3
l 96.000/kg.
p s: 11.760 (KClO
3
) v 14.220 (KMnO
4
)
Bi 9. Hy lp cc phng trnh ha hc theo s phn ng sau:
a) St (III) oxit + nhm nhm oxit + st
b) Nhm oxit + cacbon nhm cacbua + kh cacbon oxit
c) Hiro sunfua + oxi kh sunfur + nc
47
d) ng (II) hiroxit ng (II) oxit + nc
e) Natri oxit + cacbon ioxit Natri cacbonat.
Trong cc phn ng trn, phn ng no l phn ng oxi ha kh? Xc nh cht oxi ha, cht kh,
s oxi ha, s kh.
Bi 10. C 4 cht rn dng bt l Al, Cu, Fe
2
O
3
v CuO. Nu ch dng thuc th l dung dch axit
HCl c th nhn bit c 4 cht trn c khng? M t hin tng v vit phng trnh phn ng
(nu c).
Bi 11. a) C 3 l ng ring r cc cht bt mu trng: Na
2
O, MgO, P
2
O
5
. Hy nu phng php ha
hc nhn bit 3 cht . Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
b) C 3 ng nghim ng ring r 3 cht lng trong sut, khng mu l 3 dung dch NaCl, HCl,
Na
2
CO
3
. Khng dng thm mt cht no khc (k c qu tm), lm th no nhn bit ra tng cht.
Bi 12. Cho 2,8 gam st tc dng vi 14,6 gam dung dch axit clohiric HCl nguyn cht.
a) Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
b) Cht no cn d sau phn ng v d bao nhiu gam?
c) Tnh th tch kh H
2
thu c (ktc)?
d) Nu mun cho phn ng xy ra hon ton th phi dng thm cht kia mt lng l bao nhiu?
p s: b) 8, 4 gam; c) 3,36 lt; d) 8, 4 gam st.
Bi 13.Hon thnh phng trnh ha hc ca nhng phn ng gia cc cht sau:
a) Al + O
2
.....
b) H
2
+ Fe
3
O
4
.... + ...
c) P + O
2
.....
d) KClO
3
.... + .....
e) S + O
2
.....
f) PbO + H
2
.... + ....
Bi 14. Trong phng th nghim c cc kim loi km v magi, cc dung dch axit
sunfuric long H
2
SO
4
v axit clohiric HCl.
Mun iu ch c 1,12 lt kh hiro (ktc) phi dng kim loi no, axit no
ch cn mt lng nh nht.
A. Mg v H
2
SO
4
B. Mg v HCl
C. Zn v H
2
SO
4
D. Zn v HCl
p s: B
Bi 15. a ) Hy nu phng php nhn bit cc kh: cacbon ioxit, oxi,nit v hiro
b) Trnh by phng php ha hc tch ring tng kh oxi v kh cacbonic ra
khi hn hp. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. Theo em thu c kh CO
2

c th cho CaCO
3
tc dng vi dung dch axit HCl c khng? Nu khng
th ti sao?
Bi 16.a) T nhng ha cht cho sn: KMnO
4
, Fe, dung dch CuSO
4
, dung dch H
2
SO
4
long, hy vit
cc phng trnh ha hc iu ch cc cht theo s chuyn ha sau:
Cu CuO Cu
47
a) Khi in phn nc thu c 2 th tch kh H
2
v 1 th tch kh O
2
(cng iu kin nhit , p sut).
T kt qu ny em hy chng minh cng thc ha hc ca nc.
Bi 17.Cho cc cht nhm., st, oxi, ng sunfat, nc, axit clohiric. Hy iu ch ng (II) oxit, nhm
clorua ( bng hai phng php) v st (II) clorua. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng.
Bi 18. C 6 l mt nhn ng cc dung dch cc cht sau:
HCl; H
2
SO
4
; BaCl
2
; NaCl; NaOH; Ba(OH)
2

Hy chn mt thuc th nhn bit cc dung dch trn,
A. qu tm
B. dung dch phenolphthalein
C. dung dch AgNO
3

D. tt c u sai

C
CCh
hhu
uuy
yy
n
nn
8
88
d
ddu
uun
nng
gg d
dd
c
cch
hh
Lu khi lm bi tp:
1. S chuyn i gia nng phn trm v nng mol
- Cng thc chuyn t nng % sang nng C
M
.
d l khi lng ring ca dung dch g/ml
M l phn t khi ca cht tan

- Chuyn t nng mol (M) sang nng %.

2. Chuyn i gia khi lng dung dch v th tch dung dch.
- Th tch ca cht rn v cht lng:
D
m
V =
Trong d l khi lng ring: d(g/cm
3
) c m (g) v V (cm
3
) hay ml.
d(kg/dm
3
) c m (kg) v V (dm
3
) hay lit.

3. Pha trn dung dch
a) Phng php ng cho
Khi pha trn 2 dung dch c cng loi nng ( C
M
hay C%), cng loi
cht tan th c th dng phng php ng cho.
- Trn m
1
gam dung dch c nng C
1
% vi m
2
gam dung dch c nng C
2
% th thu c
dung dch mi c nng C%.
m
1
gam dung dch C
1
C
2
- C

C
C C
C C
m
m
=
1
2
2
1

1000 .
%.
M
d c
C
M
=

d
C M
C
M
1000 .
%

=
47
m
2
gam dung dch C
2
C
1
- C
- Trn V
1
ml dung dch c nng C
1
mol vi V
2
ml dung dch c nng C
2
mol th thu c
dung dch mi c nng C mol v gi s c th tch V
1
+V
2
ml:
V
1
ml dung dch C
1
C
2
- C

C
C C
C C
V
V
=
1
2
2
1

V
2
ml dung dch C
2
C
1
- C

- S ng cho cn c th p dng trong vic tnh khi lng ring D
V
1
lt dung dch D
1

D
2
- D

D
D D
D D
V
V
=
1
2
2
1

V
2
lt dung dch D
2
D
1
- D
(Vi gi thit V = V
1
+ V
2
)
b) Dng phng trnh pha trn: m
1
C
1
+ m
2
C
2
= (m
1
+ m
2
).C
Trong : m
1
v m
2
l s gam dung dch th nht v dung dch th hai.
C
1
v C
2
l nng % dung dch th nht v dung dch th hai.
C l nng dung dch mi to thnh sau khi pha trn
m
1
(C
1
-C) = m
2
( C -C
2
)
C
1
> C > C
2
T phng trnh trn ta rt ra:
C C
C C
m
m
=
1
2
2
1

Khi pha trn dung dch, cn ch :
- C xy ra phn ng gia cc cht tan hoc gia cht tan vi dung mi? Nu c cn phn bit
cht em ha tan vi cht tan.
V d: Cho Na
2
O hay SO
3
ha tan vo nc, ta c cc phng trnh sau:
Na
2
O + H
2
O 2NaOH
SO
3
+ H
2
O H
2
SO
4

- Khi cht tan phn ng vi dung mi, phi tnh nng ca sn phm ch khng phi tnh nng
ca cht tan .
V d: Cn thm bao nhiu gam SO
3
vo 100 gam dung dch H
2
SO
4
10%
c dung dch H
2
SO
4
20%.
Hng dn cch gii: Gi s x l s mol SO
3
cho thm vo
Phng trnh: SO
3
+ H
2
O H
2
SO
4

x mol x mol

4 2
SO H
m to thnh l 98x;
3
SO
m cho thm vo l 80x
C% dung dch mi:
100
20
100 80
98 10
=
+
+
x
x

47
Gii ra ta c mol x
410
50
=
3
SO
m thm vo 9,756 gam
Cng c th gii theo phng trnh pha trn nh nu trn.

4. Tnh nng cc cht trong trng hp cc cht tan c phn ng vi nhau.
a) Vit phng trnh phn ng ha hc xy ra bit cht to thnh sau phn
ng.
b) Tnh s mol (hoc khi lng) ca cc cht sau phn ng.
c) Tnh khi lng hoc th tch dung dch sau phn ng.
Cch tnh khi lng sau phn ng:
- Nu cht to thnh khng c cht bay hi hoc kt ta
m
dd sau phn ng
= m
cc cht tham gia

Nu cht to thnh c cht bay hi hay kt ta
m
dd sau phn ng
= m
cc cht tham gia
- m
kh

m
dd sau phn ng
= m
cc cht tham gia
- m
kt ta
hoc: m
dd sau phn ng
= m
cc cht tham gia
- m
kt ta
- m
kh
Ch : Trng hp c 2 cht tham gia phn ng u cho bit s mol (hoc khi
lng) ca 2 cht, th lu c th c mt cht d. Khi tnh s mol
(hoc khi lng) cht to thnh phi tnh theo lng cht khng d.
d) Nu u bi yu cu tnh nng phn trm cc cht sau phn ng, nn tnh
khi lng cht trong phn ng theo s mol, sau t s mol qui ra khi
lng tnh nng phn trm.

5. S chuyn t tan sang nng phn trm v ngc li
- Chuyn t tan sang nng phn trm: Da vo nh ngha tan, t tnh khi lng
dung dch suy ra s gam cht tan trong 100 gam dung dch.
- Chuyn t nng phn trm sang tan: T nh ngha nng phn trm, suy ra khi lng
nc, khi lng cht tan, t tnh 100 gam nc cha bao nhiu gam cht tan.
Biu thc lin h gia tan (S) v nng phn trm ca cht tan trong dung dch bo ha:
C% = % 100
100

+ S
S

6. Bi ton v khi lng cht kt tinh
Khi lng cht kt tinh ch tnh khi cht tan vt qu bo ha ca dung dch
1. Khi gp dng bi ton lm bay hi c gam nc t dung dch c nng a% c dung dch mi c
nng b%. Hy xc nh khi lng ca dung dch ban u ( bit b% > a%).
Gp dng bi ton ny ta nn gii nh sau:
- Gi s khi lng ca dung dch ban u l m gam.
- Lp c phng trnh khi lng cht tan trc v sau phn ng theo m, c,
a, b.
47
+ Trc phn ng:
100
m a

+ Sau phn ng:
100
) ( c m b

- Do ch c nc bay hi cn khi lng cht tan khng thay i
Ta c phng trnh:
Khi lng cht tan:
100
) (
100
c m b m a
=

T phng trnh trn ta c:
a b
bc
m
= (gam)
B. Cu hi v Bi tp
1. Ho tan 25,5 gam NaCl vo 80 gam nc 20
0
C c dung dch A. Hi dung dch A bo ha hay
cha? Bit tan ca NaCl 20
0
C l 38 gam.
2. Khi lm lnh 600 gam dung dch bo ha NaCl t 90
0
C xung 10
0
C th c bao nhiu gam mui NaCl
tch ra. Bit rng tan ca NaCl 90
0
C l 50 gam v 10
0
C l 35 gam.
3. Mt dung dch c cha 26,5 gam NaCl trong 75 gam H
2
O 20
0
C. Hy xc nh lng dung dch
NaCl ni trn l bo ha hay cha bo ha? Bit rng tan ca NaCl trong nc 20
0
C l 36 gam.
4. Ha tan 7,18 gam mui NaCl vo 20 gam nc 20
0
C th c dung dch bo ha. tan ca NaCl
nhit l :
A. 35 gam B.35,9 gam C. 53,85 gam D. 71,8 gam
Hy chn phng n ng.
a) Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra v tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch A.
b) Tnh th tch dung dch H
2
SO
4
20% (d =1,14 g/ml) cn trung ha dung
dch A.
c) Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch thu c sau khi trung ha.
5.a) Ha tan 4 gam NaCl trong 80 gam H
2
O. Tnh nng phn trm ca dung dch.
b) Chuyn sang nng phn trm dung dch NaOH 2M c khi lng ring d = 1,08 g/ml.
c) Cn bao nhiu gam NaOH pha ch c 3 lt dung dch NaOH 10%. Bit khi lng ring ca
dung dch l 1,115 g/ml.
6. Dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng 0,2 M (dung dch A). Dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng 0,5M (dung dch
B).
a) Nu trn A v B theo t l th tch V
A
: V
B
= 2 : 3 c dung dch C. Hy xc nh nng
mol ca dung dch C.
b) Phi trn A v B theo t l no v th tch c ddch H
2
SO
4
c nng 0,3 M.
7. ng sunfat tan vo trong nc to thnh dung dch c mu xanh l, mu xanh cng m nu nng
dung dch cng cao. C 4 dung dch c pha ch nh sau (th tch dung dch c coi l bng th
tch nc).
A. dung dch 1: 100 ml H
2
O v 2,4 gam CuSO
4

B. dung dch 2: 300 ml H
2
O v 6,4 gam CuSO
4

C. dung dch 3: 200 ml H
2
O v 3,2 gam CuSO
4

D. dung dch 4: 400 ml H
2
O v 8,0 gam CuSO
4

47
Hi dung dch no c mu xanh m nht?
A. dung dch 1 B. Dung dch 2
C. Dung dch 3 D. Dung dch 4
8. Ho tan 5,72 gam Na
2
CO
3
.10 H
2
O (Sa tinh th) vo 44,28 ml nc. Nng phn trm ca dung
dch thu c l:
A. 4,24 % B. 5,24 % C. 6,5 % D. 5%
Hy gii thch s la chn.
9. Ha tan 25 gam CaCl
2
.6H
2
O trong 300ml H
2
O. Dung dch c D l 1,08 g/ml
a) Nng phn trm ca dung dch CaCl
2
l:
A. 4% B. 3,8% C. 3,9 % D. Tt c u sai
b) Nng mol ca dung dch CaCl
2
l:
A. 0,37M B. 0,38M C. 0,39M D. 0,45M
Hy chn p s ng.
10.a) Phi ly bao nhiu ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
96%(D =1,84 g/ml) trong c 2,45 gam H
2
SO
4
?
b) Oxi ha hon ton 5,6 lt kh SO
2
(ktc) vo trong 57,2 ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
60% (D =1,5 g/ml).
Tnh nng % ca dung dch axit thu c
11. Tnh khi lng mui natri clorua c th tan trong 830 gam nc 25
0
C. Bit rng nhit ny
tan ca NaCl l 36,2 gam.
p s: 300,46 gam
12. Xc nh tan ca mui Na
2
CO
3
trong nc 18
0
C. Bit rng nhit
ny 53 gam Na
2
CO
3
ha tan trong 250 gam nc th c dung dch bo ha.
p s: 21,2 gam
13. Ha tan m gam SO
3
vo 500 ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
24,5% (D = 1,2 g/ml) thu c dung dch H
2
SO
4

49%. Tnh m?
p s: m = 200 gam
14. Lm bay hi 300 gam nc ra khi 700 gam dung dch mui 12% nhn thy c 5 gam mui tch ra
khi dung dch bo ha. Hy xc nh nng phn trm ca dung dch mui bo ha trong iu kin
th nghim trn.
p s: 20%
15. a) tan ca mui n NaCl 20
0
C l 36 gam. Xc nh nng phn trm
ca dung dch bo ha nhit trn.
b) Dung dch bo ha mui NaNO
3
10
0
C l 44,44%. Tnh tan ca NaNO
3
.
p s: a) 26,47% b) 80 gam
16. Trn 50 ml dung dch HNO
3
nng x mol/l vi 150 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,2 mol/l thu c
dung dch A. Cho mu qu tm vo dung dch A thy qu tm chuyn mu xanh. Them t t 100 ml dung
dch HCl 0,1mol/l vo dung dch A th thy qu tm tr li mu tm. Tnh nng x mol/l.
p s: x = 1 mol/l
17. Ha tan 155 gam natri oxit vo 145 gam nc to thnh dung dch c tnh kim.
- Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
- Tnh nng % dung dch thu c.
p s: 66,67%
47
18. Ha tan 25 gam cht X vo 100 gam nc, dung dch c khi lng ring l 1,143 g/ml. Nng
phn trm v th tch dung dch ln lt l:
A. 30% v 100 ml B. 25% v 80 ml
C. 35% v 90 ml D. 20% v 109,4 ml
Hy chn p s ng?
p s: D ng
19. Ha tan hon ton 6,66 gam tinh th Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
. xH
2
O vo nc thnh dung dch
A. Ly 1/10 dung dch A cho tc dng vi dung dch BaCl
2
d th thu c 0,699 gam kt ta. Hy
xc nh cng thc ca tinh th mui sunfat nhm ngm nc trn.
p s: Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.18H
2
O
20. C 250 gam dung dch NaOH 6% (dung dch A).
a) Cn phi trn thm vo dung dch A bao nhiu gam dung dch NaOH 10% c dung dch
NaOH 8%?
b) Cn ha tan bao nhiu gam NaOH vo dung dch A c dung dch NaOH 8%?
c) Lm bay hi nc dung dch A, ngi ta cng thu c dung dch NaOH 8%. Tnh khi lng
nc bay hi?
p s: a) 250 gam b) 10,87 gam c) 62,5 gam
21. a) Cn ly bao nhiu ml dung dch c nng 36 % ( D=1,16 g/ ml) pha 5 lt dung dch axit HCl
c nng 0,5 mol/l?
b) Cho bt nhm d vo 200 ml dung dch axit HCl 1 mol/l ta thu c kh H
2
bay ra.
- Vit phng trnh phn ng v tnh th tch kh H
2
thot ra ktc.
- Dn ton b kh hiro thot ra trn cho i qua ng ng bt ng oxit d nung nng th thu
c 5,67 gam ng. Vit phng trnh phn ng v tnh hiu sut ca phn ng ny?
p s: a) 213 ml b) 2,24 lt hiu sut : 90%.
22. Trn ln 50 gam dung dch NaOH 10% vi 450 gam dung dch NaOH 25 %.
a) Tnh nng sau khi trn.
b) Tnh th tch dung dch sau khi trn bit t khi dung dch ny l 1,05.
p s: a) 23,5 % b) 0,4762 lt
23. Trn 150 gam dung dch NaOH 10% vo 460 gam dung dch NaOH x% to thnh dung dch
6%. x c gi tr l:
A. 4,7 B. 4,65 C. 4,71 D. 6
Hy chn p s ng?
p s: A ng.
24.a) Cn thm bao nhiu gam nc vo 500 gam dung dch NaCl 12% c dung dch 8%.
b) Phi pha thm nc vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
50% thu c mt dung dch H
2
SO
4
20%. Tnh t l
v khi lng nc v lng dung dch axit phi dng?
c) Cn ly bao nhiu gam tinh th CuSO
4
. 5 H
2
O v bao nhiu gam dung dch CuSO
4
4% iu ch
500 gam dung dch CuSO
4
8%?
p s: a) 250 g b)
2
3
c) 466,67 gam
47
25. Bit tan ca mui KCl 20
0
C l 34 gam. Mt dung dch KCl nng c cha 50 gam KCl trong
130 gam nc c lm lnh v nhit 20
0
C.Hy cho bit:
a) C bao nhiu gam KCl tan trong dung dch
b) c bao nhiu gam KCl tch ra khi dung dch.
p s: a) 44,2 gam b) 5,8 gam
26.a) Lm bay hi75 ml nc t dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng 20% c dung dc mi c nng
25%.Hy xc nh khi lng ca dung dch ban u. Bit khi lng ring ca nc D = 1 g/ml.
b) Xc nh khi lng NaCl kt tinh tr li khi lm lnh 548 gam dung dch mui n bo ha 50
0
C
xung 0
0
C. Bit tan ca NaCl 50
0
C l 37 gam v 0
0
C l 35 gam.
p s: a) 375 gam b) 8 gam
27. Ho tan NaOH rn vo nc to thnh hai dung dch A v dung dch B vi nng phn trm
ca dung dch A gp 3 ln nng phn trm ca dung dch B. Nu em pha trn hai dung dch A v
dung dch B theo t l khi lng m
A
: m
B
= 5 : 2 th thu c dung dch
C c nng phn trm l 20%. Nng phn trm ca hai dung dch A v dung dch B ln lt l:
A. 24,7% v 8,24% B. 24% v 8%
C. 27% v 9 % D. 30% v 10%
Hy chn phng n ng.
p s: A ng.
28.a)Ha tan 24,4 gam BaCl
2
. xH
2
O vo 175,6 gam H
2
O thu c dung dch 10,4%. Tnh x.
b) C cn t t 200 ml dung dch CuSO
4
0,2M thu c 10 gam tinh th CuSO
4
. yH
2
O. Tnh y.
47

n tp ha hc
Dng I : Vit PTHH gia cc cht v c

1. Vit PTHH biu din cc phn ng ho hc cc th nghim sau :
a. Nh vi git axit clohidric vo vi
b. Cho mt t diphotpho pentoxit vo dd kali hidroxit
c. Nhng thanh st vo dd ng (II) sunfat
d. Hp th N
2
O
5
vo H
2
O
2. Cho cc oxit sau : K
2
O, SO
2
, BaO, Fe
3
O
4
, N
2
O
5
, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
. Vit PTHH (nu c) ca cc
oxit ny ln lt tc dng vi H
2
O, H
2
SO
4
, KOH, HCl
3. Vit PTP :
a. Kim loi M ho tr n tan trong dd HCl
b. MgCO
3
+ HNO
3

c. Al + H
2
SO
4
(long)
d. Fe
x
O
y
+ HCl
e. Fe + Cl
2

f. Cl
2
+ NaOH
4. Cho t t bt Cu vo dd HNO
3
c. Lc u thy kh mu nu bay ra, sau kh khng
mu b ho nu trong khng kh, cui cng kh ngng thot ra. GT hin tng, vit PTHH
xy ra
5. C nhng baz sau : Fe(OH)
3
, Ca(OH)
2
, KOH, Mg(OH)
2
, Cu(OH)
2

a. Baz no b nhit phn hu ?
b. Tc dng c vi dd H
2
SO
4

c. i mu dd phenolphtalein ?
6. Hy m t hin tng quan st c, vit pthh khi th l Al vo nhng dd sau :
a. dd H
2
SO
4
2 M
b. dd NaOH d
c. dd CuCl
2

Dng II. S chuyn ho

1. Vit PTHH theo s sau :
MgSO
4

SO
2
H
2
SO
4
MgCl
2

HCl
2.Tm cc ch ci A,B,C,D,E thch hp, vit PTHH xy ra
(1) A + Cl
2
B
(2) B + Al (d) AlCl
3
+ A
(3) A + O
2
C
(4) C + H
2
SO
4
D + E + H
2
O
3. Chn cc cht A,B,C,D thch hp, vit PTHH xy ra
A
B CuSO
4
CuCl
2
Cu(NO
3
)
2
A B C
C
4. Hon thnh cc phng trnh di y :
47
a. Na
2
SO
4
+ X
1
BaSO
4
+ Y
1

Ca(HCO
3
)
2
+ X
2
CaCO
3
+ Y
2

CuSO
4
+ X
3
CuS + Y
3

MgCl
2
+ X
4
Mg
3
(PO
4
)
2
+ Y
4

b. A + B CaCO
3

+ NaCl
C + D ZnS + KNO
3

E + F Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
+ NaNO
3

G + H BaSO
4
+ MgCl
2

c. KHS + A H
2
S +
HCl + B CO
2
+
CaSO
3
+ C SO
2
+
H
2
SO
4
+ D BaSO
4
+ CO
2
+ .
5. Vit cc PTP theo cc s bin ho sau :

Fe
2
(SO
4
)
2
Fe(OH)
3
Cu CuCl
2

FeCl
3
CuSO
4

6. Vit cc PTP theo s bin ho
+X A +Y

Fe
2
O
3
FeCl
2

+Z B +T
trong A,B,X,Y,Z,T l cc cht khc nhau
7.Vit cc PTP theo s hai chiu sau :

S SO
2
H
2
SO
4
CuSO
4

K
2
SO
3

8.Cho s bin ho :
a. A
1
A
2
A
3

Fe(OH)
3
Fe(OH)
3

B
1
B
2
B
3

Tm cng thc ca cc cht ng vi cc cht A
1,
, A
2
, ..vit PTP theo s
b.
A
1
A
2
A
3

CaCO
3
CaCO
3
CaCO
3

B
1
B
2
B
3

.. +X,t
0

c. A
+Y,t
0
+ B +E
A Fe D C
+Z,t
0

A
Bit rng : A + HCl D + C + H
2
O

47

Dng III. Nhn bit cc cht v c

1. Ch c dng mt thuc th t chn, hy nhn bit dd cc cht ng trong cc l ring r:
FeSO
4
; Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
; MgCl
2
; AlCl
3
; CuCl
2
; NaOH
2. Dng mt thuc th nhn bit cc dd : Na
2
CO
3
; NaCl ; Na
2
S ; Ba(NO
3
)
2

3. Bng pp ho hc nhn bit cc kh ng trong cc l mt nhn : CO
2
; NH
3
; O
2
; N
2

4. 5 bnh cha 5 kh : N
2
; O
2
; CO
2
; H
2
; CH
4
. Trnh by pp ho hc nhn ra tng kh
5. C 5 dd : HCl ; NaOH ; Na
2
CO
3
; BaCl
2
; NaCl. Cho php s dng qu tm nhn bit
cc dd (bit Na
2
CO
3
cng lm xanh qu tm)
6. Ch c s dng dd HCl ; H
2
O nu pp nhn bit 5 gi bt trng cha cc cht : KNO
3
;
K
2
CO
3
; K
2
SO
4
; BaCO
3
; BaSO
4

7. c 5 cht rn : Fe ; Cu ; Al ; CuO ; FeO. Dng pp ho hc nhn bit tng cht
8. 5 l mt nhn, mi l cha mt trong cc cht bt mu en hoc xm xm sau : FeS ;
Ag
2
O ; CuO ; MnO
2
; FeO. ch dng ng nghim, n cn, v mt dd thuc th nhn
bit
9. C 5 dd b mt nhn gm cc cht sau : H
2
SO
4
; Na
2
SO
4
; NaOH ; BaCl
2
; MgCl
2
. Ch
dng thm phenol phtalein nu cch xc nh tng dd
10. Ch dng 1 thuc th l kim loi hy nhn bit cc l cha cc dd : Ba(OH)
2
; HNO
3
c,
ngui ; AgNO
3

Dng IV: Tch cc cht v c

1.Trnh by pp ho hc tch ring tng kim loi ra khi hh cha : Ag ; Al ; Fe
2. Tch ring dd tng cht ra khi hh dd : AlCl
3
; FeCl
3
; BaCl
2

3. iu ch cht nguyn cht :
a. NaCl c ln mt t tp cht l Na
2
CO
3
. Lm th na c NaCl nguyn cht ?
b. N
2
ln cc tp cht : CO ; CO
2
; H
2
v hi nc
c, C hh 3 oxit : SiO
2
; Al
2
O
3
; Fe
2
O
3
. Trnh by pp ho hc ly tng cht dng nguyn
cht
4. Mt loi thu ngn b ln tp cht l cc kim loi sau : Fe ; Zn ; Pb ; Sn. c th dng dd
Hg(NO
3
)
2
ly c Hg tinh khit. em hy nu pp lm v vit PTP
5. Bng pp hh tch ring
a. Bt Fe ra khi hh : Fe, Cu, CaO
b. Tch ring tng cht khi hh : Fe, Fe
2
O
3
, Cu (khi lng bo ton)

Dng V : Tnh theo phng trnh ho hc, xc nh CT
oxit baz
1.Ho tan 16,2 gam ZnO vo 400gam dd HNO
3
15% thu c dd A
a. Tnh khi lng axit phn ng b. Tnh khi lng mui km to thnh
c. Tnh C% cc cht trong dd A
2. Ho tan 10,8 gam Al tc dng va vi 600 gam dd HCl thu c dd X v V lt kh
KTC
a. Tnh V b. Tnh khi lng mui nhm thu c c. Tnh C
M
ca dd HCl
3. Cho 325 gam dd FeCl
3
5% vo 112 gam dd KOH 25%
47
a. Cht no tha sau phn ng b. Tnh khi lng cht kt ta thu c
c. Tnh C% cc cht trong dd sau phn ng
4. Ho tan 8,9 gam hh Mg, Zn vo lng va dd H
2
SO
4
0,2M thu c dd A v 4,48 lt kh
ktc
a. Tnh % theo khi lng 2 kim loi b. Tnh th tch dd axit dng
5. Cho 16,8 lt CO
2
ktc hp th hon ton vo 600ml dd NaOH 2M thu c dd A
a. Tnh khi lng mui thu c trong dd A
b. Cho BaCl
2
d vo dd A th thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta
6. Nhng mt ming Al c khi lng 10 gam vo 500 ml dd CuSO
4
0,4M. Sau thi gian phn
ng ly ming Al ra, cn nng 11,38 gam
a. Tnh m Cu bm vo Al b. Tnh C
M
cc cht trong dd sau phn ng (coi V khng
i)
7. Cho 20 gam Al vo 400 ml dd CuCl
2
0,5 M. Khi nng dd CuCl
2
gim 25% th ly ming
Al ra, cn nng bao nhiu gam ?
8. ho tan 3,9 gam kim loi X cn dng V ml dd HCl v c 1,344 lt H
2
ktc. Mt khc,
ho tan 3,2 gam oxit ca kim loi Y cng dng va Vml dd HCl trn. Hi X,Y l cc kim
loi g ?
9. Cho 34,8 gam Fe
3
O
4
tc dng vi 455,2 gam dd HCl 20% d thu c dd A. Tnh C% cc
cht tan c trong dd A
10. Cho 16 gam Fe
x
O
y
tc dng vi lng va 300 ml dd HCl 2 M. Xc nh CT oxit st
11. Ho tan 8 gam oxit lim loi ho tr 2 cn 14,6 gam HCl nguyn cht. Tm CT oxit
12. Ho tan 20,4 gam oxit kim loi A (ho tr 3) bng 300 ml dd H
2
SO
4
va th thu c 68,4
gam mui khan
a. Tm CTHH ca oxit trn b. Tnh C
M
ca dd axit
13. ho tan 64 gam mt oxit kim loi (ho tr 3) cn va 800 ml dd HNO
3
3M
a. Tm CT oxit b. Tnh C
M
dd mui sau phn ng
14. Ha tan 5 gam vi nguyn cht trong 40 ml dd HCl. Sau phn ng phi dng 20 ml dd
NaOH trung ho axit d. Mt khc, c 50 ml dd HCl phn ng va vi 150 ml dd NaOH.
Tnh C
M
ca 2 dd
15. Cho mt lng bt st vo dd va dd H
2
SO
4
1 M thu c dd A v kh B. Cho ton b
dd A phn ng vi 250 ml dd KOH va . Lc kt ta ri nung n khi lng khng i thu
c 20 gam cht rn
a. Tnh m Fe dng b. Tnh V kh ktc
c. Tnh V ml dd axit d. Tnh C
M
dd KOH
2: Nung 2,45 gam mt cht ha hc A thy thot ra 672 ml kh O
2
(ktc). Phn rn cn li cha 52,35%
kali v 47,65% clo (v khi lng). Tm cng thc ha hc ca A.

Dng VI : Bi tp v kim loi

1. Cho cc kim loi Al, Fe, Cu, Ag. Nhng KL tc dng no tc dng c vi axit sunfuric
long? dd AgNO
3
? dd NaOH ? dd H
2
SO
4
c k thng v un nng ?. Vit cc PTHH xy
ra
2. Cho cc cp cht sau : a. Zn + AgCl ; Cu + Fe(NO
3
)
2
(dd) ; Ag + Cu(NO
3
)
2
(dd) ; Ni + dd
CuCl
2
; Al + dd AgNO
3

3. Ho tan 5,5 gam hh 2 kim loi Al, Fe trong 500 ml dd HCl va thu c 4,48 lt kh ktc
a. Tnh % khi lng 2 kim loi
b. Tnh C
M
dd HCl
47
4. Ho tan 20 gam hh gm Ag, Zn, Mg trong dd H
2
SO
4
0,5 M (va ) thu c 6,72 lt H
2

ktc v 8,7 gam kim loi khng tan
a. Tnh % khi lng mi KL
b. Tnh V ml dd H
2
SO
4

5. Nhng 594 gam Al vo dd AgNO
3
2M. Sau thi gian khi lng thanh Al tng 5% so vi
ban u
a. Tm m Al phn ng b. Tnh m Ag thu c c. Tnh m mui Al to ra
6. Ngm mt ming Fe vo 320 gam dd CuSO
4
10%. Sau khi tt c Cu bm ht vo Fe, khi
lng ming Fe tng 8%. Xc nh khi lng ming Fe ban u
7. Cho 19,6 gam mt Kl ho tr II phn ng hon ton vi 140 ml dd AgNO
3
thu c 75,6
gam Ag
a. X KL b. Tnh C
M
dd AgNO
3
c. Tnh C
M
dd sau phn ng (coi V khng i)
8.t chy hon ton 41,1 gam kim loi A (ho tr II) bng lng kh clo va , ho tan sp vo
nc thu c ddB, cho ddB phn ng vi dd AgNO
3
d, thy c 86,1 gam kt ta trng xut
hin
a. Tm A b. Tnh V
CLO
ktc c. Tnh m mui to thnh
9. Ho tan 13 gam kim loi A (ho tr II) bng dd HCl 2M va c dd B.Cho B phn ng
vi dd AgNO
3
d c 57,4 gam kt ta
a. Vit PTHH b. Tm A c. Tnh V dd HCl dng
10.Ho tan 11,7 gam kim loi X (ho tr I) vo 120,6 gam H
2
O th thu c 132 gam dd A
a. Tm X b. Tnh C% dd A
11. Ho tan 9 gam kim loi B (ho tr III) vo dd HCl d thu c kh C. Dn ton b C sinh ra
i qua bt CuO t nng va c 32 gam cht rn
a. Vit PThh b. Tnh V kh C ktc c. Tm B
12. t chy ht 4,48 g KLA ho tr III bng kh Clo va , ho tan sp vo nc thu c dd
B, B+ dd KOH d c kt ta C v dd D. Lc kt ta, nung nhit cao c cht rn E (m
= 6,4 g). X A v cho bit thnh phn dd D.

Dng VII. Bi tp v phi kim

1. T cc cht : NaCl, H
2
O, MnO
2
, HCl, KMnO
4
. Hy vit ptp iu ch kh clo
2. T cc cht : CaCO
3
, Na
2
CO
3
, NaHCO
3
, HCl.Vit pthh iu ch kh CO
2

3. Nung 30 gam vi ( tinh khit 80%) ti phn ng hon ton, kh sinh ra hp th vo
200 gam dd NaOH 5%. Sau phn ng thu c nhng mui no ? bao nhiu gam ?
4. Cho 50 gam CaCO
3
tc dng vi dd HCl 0,5M (d), kh sinh ra cho vo bnh cha 500ml
dd KOH 2M n pht
a. Tnh V dd HCl, bit th nghim ly d 20% so vi lng cn thit
b. Tnh C
M
mui sinh ra khi hp th kh trong dd kim
5. Mui no b nhit phn : Na
2
CO
3
, NaHCO
3
, K
2
CO
3
, BaCO
3
, Ba(HCO
3
)
2
,KMnO
4
.Vit cc
pthh xy ra
6. Cho cc s sau :
a. A B C D
A l kh mu vng lc, c. D l kh khng mu, khng chy v khng duy tr s sng.Vit cc
pthh, tm A,B,C,D
b. X Y Z T
Tm X,Y,Z,T. vit pthh. bit X l kh mu vng lc, c. T l oxit baz, rn nng chy nhit
cao
7. Vit 8 phn ng khc nhau iu ch CO
2

47
8. Vit CTHH ca cc oxit ca C, P, S m em bit.trong s oxit no l oxit axit, vit CT
axit tng ng v PTHH khi cho axit tc dng vi KOH d
9. cho dng CO i qua ng ng CuO nung nng, kh ra cho hp th ht vo dd nc vi
trong d thu c 16 gam kt ta
a. Tnh % CuO b kh
b. Nu ho tan cht rn cn li trong ng bng dd HNO
3
c th c bao nhiu lt NO
2
bay ra
10. Tin hnh f 5 lt dd NaCl 2M (d = 1,2 g/ml) theo phn ng :
f, mnx, c tr
2NaCl + 2 H
2
O 2 NaOH + H
2
+ Cl
2

Sau khi anot thot ra 89,6 lt Cl
2
ktc th ngng f, H
2
O bay hi khng ng k. tnh C% cht
tan trong dd sau in phn.

B - Bi tp
3.1 Trong cc nhm cht sau, nhm no ton l phi kim.
a. Cl
2
, O
2
, N
2
, Pb, C b. O
2
, N
2
, S, P, I
2

c. Br
2
, S, Ni, N
2
, P d. Cl
2
, O
2
, N
2
, Pb, C
p n: b ng.
3.2 Trong cc nhm cht phi kim sau, nhm no ton l phi kim tn ti trng thi kh trong iu kin
thng:
a. Cl
2
, O
2
, N
2
, Br
2
, C b. O
2
, N
2
, Cl
2
, Br
2
, I
2

c. Br
2
, S, F
2
, N
2
, P d. Cl
2
, O
2
, N
2
, F
2

p n: d ng.
3.3 Trong khng kh thnh phn chnh l O
2
v N
2
c ln mt s kh c l Cl
2
v H
2
S. C th cho hn
hp kh ny li qua dung dch no trong cc dung dch sau loi b cc kh c.
a. Dung dch NaOH b. Dung dch H
2
SO
4
c. Nc d. Dung dch CuSO
4

p n: a ng.
3.4 Kh O
2
c ln mt s kh l CO
2
v SO
2
. C th cho hn hp kh ny li qua dung dch no trong cc
dung dch sau loi b cc kh c.
a. Dung dch CaCl
2
b. Dung dch Ca(OH)
2
c. Dung dch Ca(NO
3
)
2
d. Nc
p n: b ng.
3.5 Khi iu ch kh SO
3
bng phn ng:
Na
2
SO
3
+ H
2
SO
4
Na
2
SO
4
+ SO
2
+ H
2
O
c th thu kh SO
2
bng phng php:
a. Di ch nc b. Di ch dung dch Ca(OH)
2

c. Di ch khng kh d. C a v c u ng
p n: d ng.
3.6 O
3
(ozon) l:
47
a. Mt dng th hnh ca oxi b. L hp cht ca oxi
c. Cch vit khc ca O
2
d. C a v c u ng
p n: d ng.
3.7 Cho s cc phn ng sau:
A + O
2

C t
o
B
B + O
2

tc xc , C t
o
C
C + H
2
O D
D + BaCl
2
E+ + F
A l cht no trong s cc cht sau:
a. C b. S c. Cl
2
d. Br
2

p n: b ng.
3.8 C ba l ng ba kh ring bit l clo, hiroclorua v O
2
. C th dng mt cht no trong s cc cht
sau ng thi nhn bit c c ba kh:
a. Giy qu tm tm t b. Dung dich NaOH
c. Dung dch CaCl
2
d. Dung dich H
2
SO
4

p n: a ng.
3.9 C ba l ng ba dung dch ring bit l BaCl
2
, Ca(HCO
3
)
2
v MgSO
4
b mt nhn. C th dng mt
cht no trong s cc cht sau ng thi nhn bit c c ba dung dch:
a. Dung dch Ba(OH)
2
b. Dung dich NaOH
c. Dung dch FeCl
3
d. Dung dich H
2
SO
4

p n: d ng.
3.10 Trong nhng cp cht sau
1. H
2
SO
4
v Na
2
CO
3
2. Na
2
CO
3
v NaCl
3. MgCO
3
v CaCl
2
4. Na
2
CO
3
v BaCl
2
nhng cp cht no c th phn ng c vi nhau:
a. Cp (1) v cp (2) b. Cp (3) v cp (4)
c. Cp (2) v cp (3) d. Cp (1) v cp (4)
p n: d ng.
3.11 Trong nhng cp cht sau
1. Cl
2
v O
2
2. Cl
2
v Cu
3. S v O
2
4. Cl
2
v Br
2
nhng cp cht no c th phn ng c vi nhau:
a. Cp (1) v cp (2) b. Cp (3) v cp (4)
c. Cp (2) v cp (3) d. Cp (1) v cp (4)
p n: c ng.
3.12 Hon thnh phng trnh s phn ng sau:
A + O
2

C t
o
B
B + O
2

tc xc , C t
o
C
C + H
2
O D
D + NaOH E + H
2
O
E + BaCl
2
G+ + F
Trong B, C l cc oxit axit, E l mt mui tan.
Gii
47
Cc phng trnh phn ng:
S + O
2

C t
o
SO
2
2SO
2
+ O
2

tc xc , C t
o
2SO
3
SO
3
+ H
2
O H
2
SO
4
H
2
SO
4
+ 2NaOH Na
2
SO
4
+ 2H
2
O
Na
2
SO
4
+ BaCl
2
BaSO
4
+ + 2NaCl
3.13 Mt cht kh c cng thc phn t l X
2
. Kh l kh g? Bit rng 1,0 lt kh iu kin tiu
chun cn nng 3,1696 gam. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng (nu c) ca kh X
2
vi cc cht sau: H
2
,
O
2
, Cu, dung dch NaOH v nc.
Gii:
- Mt mol kh iu kin tiu chun chim th tch l 22,4 lt, nn khi lng mol phn t ca kh l:
M = 2M
X
= 22,4. 3,1696 = 71
M
X
= 35,5 vy nguyn t X l Clo v kh X c cng thc phn t l Cl
2
.
- Cc phng trnh phn ng ca Cl
2
vi cc cht cho:
+ Cl
2
+ H
2
2HCl
+ Cl
2
+ O
2
khng phn ng
+ Cl
2
+ Cu CuCl
2
+ Cl
2
+ 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H
2
O
+ Cl
2
+ H
2
O HCl + HClO
3.14 Cho 1,12 lt kh Cl
2
(o ktc) tc dng vi H
2
d, hp th ton b sn phm vo nc thu c
100,0 ml dung dch A. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch A.
Gii
- S mol kh Cl
2
l:

2
Cl
n =
4 22
12 1
,
,
=0,05 mol
- Phn ng vi kh H
2
d:
Cl
2
+ H
2
2HCl (1)
Theo phng trnh phn ng (1) H
2
d nn s mol kh HCl sinh ra:
n
HCl
= 2
2
Cl
n = 2.0,05 = 0,1 mol
- Kh HCl tan hon ton vo nc to thnh dung dch axit HCl.
- Nng dung dch HCl thu c:

C
HCl
=
lt
mol
1 0
1 0
,
,
=1,0 mol/l (hay 1,0 M)
3.15 Cho 3,36 lt kh Cl
2
(o ktc) tc dng vi H
2
d, hp th ton b sn phm vo 100,0 gam nc
thu c dung dch B. Tnh nng % ca dung dch B.
Gii
- S mol kh Cl
2
l:

2
Cl
n =
4 22
36 3
,
,
= 0,15 mol
- Phn ng vi kh H
2
d:
Cl
2
+ H
2
2HCl (1)
Theo phng trnh phn ng (1) H
2
d nn s mol kh HCl sinh ra:
47
n
HCl
= 2
2
Cl
n = 2.0,15 = 0,3 mol
- Kh HCl tan hon ton vo nc to thnh dung dch axit HCl.
- Khi lng dung dch axit HCl thu c:
m
dung dch HCl
= m
HCl
+
O H
2
m = 36,5.0,3 + 100,0 = 110,95 gam
- N ng % HCl trong dung dch B l:
C%
HCl
= % .
,
, . ,
100
95 110
3 0 5 36
= 9,87%
3.16 Cho 2,40 gam Mg kim loi phn ng hon ton vi V lt kh X
2
(o ktc) theo phng trnh phn
ng sau: X
2
+ Mg MgX
2
Khi lng MgX
2
thu c l 9,50 gam. Hy cho bit X
2
l kh g? v tnh th tch V ca kh X
2
phn
ng vi Mg trn.
Gii
- S mol ca Mg kim loi:
n
HCl
=
24
40 2,
= 0,10 mol
- Phng trnh phn ng:
X
2
+ Mg MgX
2
(1)
Theo phng trnh phn ng (1):
n
Mg
=
2
X
n =
2
MgX
n = 0,10 mol
- Khi lng mol phn t ca MgX
2
:

2
MgX
M =
10 0
50 9
,
,
= 95

2
MgX
M = M
Mg
+2M
X
= 95
M
X
= 35,5 vy nguyn t X l Clo v kh X c cng thc phn t l Cl
2
.
- Th tch kh Cl
2
phn ng vi Mg:

2
Cl
V = 22,4.0,10 = 2,24 lt
3.17 Mt mui clorua kim loi cha 79,78% clo theo khi lng. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca mui.
Gii
- Trong cc hp cht mui clorua, clo c ho tr I.
- Gi cng thc phn t ca mui l MCl
n
, trong n l ho tr ca kim loi M.
- % khi lng ca M trong hp cht l: 100% - 79,78% = 20,22%
Ta c:

% ,
% ,
M
n ,
m %
m %
M
Cl
22 20
78 79 5 35
= = M = 9n
Ch c cp n = 3 v M = 27 (Al) l ph hp.
Vy cng thc phn t ca mui l AlCl
3
.
3.18 Mt mui c cng thc phn t l FeX
2
trong Fe chim 44,1% theo khi lng. Xc nh cng
thc phn t ca mui v vit 3 phng trnh phn ng trc tip to thnh mui FeX
2
.
Gii
- % khi lng ca X trong hp cht l: 100% - 44,1% = 55,9%
Ta c:
47

% ,
% , M .
M
M .
m %
m %
X
Fe
X
Fe
X
1 44
9 55
56
2 2
= = = M
X
= 35,5
Vy X l nguyn t Clo, cng thc phn t ca mui l FeCl
2
.
- Ba phng trnh phn ng trc tip to thnh FeCl
2
l:
Fe + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2
(1)
Fe + CuCl
2
FeCl
2
+ Cu (2)
FeSO
4
+ BaCl
2
FeCl
2
+ BaSO
4
+ (3)
3.19 Mt mui c cng thc phn t l FeX
3
. Cho dung dch cha 1,30 gam FeX
3
tc dng vi lng d
dung dch AgNO
3
thu c 3,444 gam kt ta. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca mui v vit 2 phng
trnh phn ng trc tip to thnh mui FeX
3
.
Gii
- Phng trnh phn ng:
FeX
3
+ 3AgNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 3AgX+ (1)
- Gi x l s mol ca FeX
3
, theo phng trnh phn ng (1) th s mol ca AgX l 3x mol.
- Ta c h phng trnh:
3
FeX
m = (56 + 3M
X
).x = 1,30 gam
AgX
m = (108 + M
X
) .3x = 3,444 gam
M
X
= 35,5 v x = 0,008 mol. Vy nguyn t X l Clo v mui l FeCl
3
.
- Hai phng trnh phn ng trc tip to thnh FeCl
3
l:
2Fe + 3Cl
2
2FeCl
3
(1)
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3BaCl
2
2FeCl
3
+ 3BaSO
4
+ (2)
3.20 Ho tan 18,4 gam hn hp hai kim loi ho tr II v III bng dung dch axit HCl d thu c dung
dch A v kh B. Chia kh B lm hai phn bng nhau. t chy hon ton mt phn thu c 4,5 gam
nc.
a. Hi khi c cn dung dch A thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
b. em phn 2 cho phn ng hon ton vi kh clo ri cho sn phm hp th vo 200,0 ml dung dch
NaOH 20% (d = 1,20 gam/ml). Tnh nng % ca cc cht trong dung dch thu c.
Gii:
Gi kim loi ho tr II l X c s mol trong 18,4 gam hn hp l x mol.
Gi kim loi ho tr III l Y c s mol trong 18,4 gam hn hp l y mol.
Phng trnh phn ng:
X + 2HCl XCl
2
+ H
2
(1)
2Y + 6HCl 2YCl
3
+ 3H
2
(2)
Dung dch A cha XCl
2
, YCl
3
v HCl c th d, kh B l H
2
.
t chy mt na kh B;
2H
2
+ O
2

o
t
2H
2
O (3)
a. Theo cc phng trnh phn ng t (1) - (3):
mol , y x n
,
y x n n
H H O H
5 0
2
3
18
5 4
2
3
2
1
2
1
2 2 2
= |
.
|
\
|
+ = = |
.
|
\
|
+ = =
S mol HCl tham gia phn ng:
mol n n 0 1
2
3
2 2
2
, y x
H HCl
= |
.
|
\
|
+ = =
47
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng, khi c cn dung dch A lng mui thu c l:
gam m m m 9 53 5 0 2 0 1 5 36 4 18
3 2
khan mui
, , . , . , ,
YCl XCl
= + = + =
b. Phn 2 tc dng vi clo:
H
2
+ Cl
2

o
t
2HCl (4)
Hp th HCl vo dung dch NaOH:
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H
2
O (5)
S mol HCl: mol , y x
n
n
H
HCl
5 0
2
3
2
2
2
=
|
.
|
\
|
+ = =
S mol NaOH: mol ,
% .
% . , . ,
n
NaOH
2 1
100 40
20 2 1 0 200
= =
n
HCl
< n
NaOH
NaOH d
Trong dung dch thu c gm NaOH d v NaCl c s mol:
n
NaOH d
= 1,2 - 0,5 = 0,7 mol v n
NaCl
= n
HCl
= 0,5 mol
Khi lng dung dch thu c:
m
dd
= 200,0.1,2 + 36,5.0,5 = 258,25 gam
Nng cc cht trong dung dch:

% , % .
,
, .
% C
% , % .
,
, . ,
% C
NaOH
NaCl
84 10 100
25 258
7 0 40
33 11 100
25 258
5 0 5 58
= =
= =

3.21 Tnh th tch kh clo thu c iu kin tiu chun khi un nng nh 1,58 gam KMnO
4
vi dung
dch axit clohiric c d.
Gii
- S mol ca KMnO
4
:

4
KMnO
n =
158
58 1,
= 0,010 mol
- Phng trnh phn ng:
2KMnO
4
+ 16HCl
o
t
2KCl + 2MnCl
2
+ 5Cl
2
+ 8H
2
O (1)
- Theo phng trnh phn ng (1) s mol ca Cl
2
sinh ra:

2
Cl
n =
2
5
4
KMnO
n = 0,025 mol
- Th tch kh Cl
2
thu c:

2
Cl
V = 22,4.0,025 = 0,56 lt
3.22 Tnh th tch kh clo thu c iu kin tiu chun khi un nng nh 2,61 gam MnO
2
vi dung
dch axit clohiric c d. Lng clo ny phn ng ht bao nhiu gam st kim loi.
Gii
- S mol ca MnO
2
:

2
MnO
n =
87
61 2,
= 0,030 mol
- Phng trnh phn ng:
MnO
2
+ 4HCl
o
t
MnCl
2
+ Cl
2
+ 2H
2
O (1)
- Theo phng trnh phn ng (1) s mol ca Cl
2
sinh ra:
47

2
Cl
n =
2
MnO
n = 0,030 mol
- Th tch kh Cl
2
thu c:

2
Cl
V = 22,4.0,030 = 0,672 lt
- Phn ng vi Fe:
3Cl
2
+ 2Fe 2FeCl
3
(2)
n
Fe
=
3
2
2
Cl
n = 0,02 mol
- Khi lng st tham gia phn ng:
m
Fe
= 56.0,02 = 1,12 gam
3.23 in phn c mng ngn dung dch NaCl bo ho bng dng in mt chiu thu c 33,6 lt kh
clo iu kin tiu chun. Tnh khi lng mui dung dch nc Gia - ven thu c khi cho lng kh
clo ny phn ng hon ton vi 200,0 gam dung dch NaOH 60%.
Gii
- Phng trnh phn ng in phn:
2NaCl
(dd bo ho)
+ 2H
2
O 2NaOH + Cl
2
+ H
2
(1)
- S mol ca Cl
2
thu c:
2
Cl
n =
4 22
6 33
,
,
= 1,5 mol
- S mol ca NaOH c trong 200,0 gam dung dch:
n
NaOH
=
% .
% . ,
100 40
60 0 200
= 3,0 mol
- Phn ng ca clo vi NaOH:
Cl
2
+ 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H
2
O (2)
- S mol NaOH gp hai ln s mol Cl
2
nn phn ng va .
- Khi lng dung dch nc Gia - ven thu c:
m = m
dung dch NaOH
+
2
Cl
m = 200,0 + 71.0,15 = 3,6,5 gam
3.24 Tin hnh in phn c mng ngn dung dch NaCl bo ho bng dng in mt chiu thu c
33,6 m
3
kh clo iu kin tiu chun. Tnh khi lng mui NaCl em in phn, v tnh khi
lng NaOH thu c trong qu trnh in phn. Bit hiu sut thu hi kh clo l 95%.
Gii
- S mol ca Cl
2
thu c:
2
Cl
n =
4 22
6 33
,
,
.10
3
= 1,5.10
3
mol
- Phng trnh phn ng in phn:
2NaCl
(dd bo ho)
+ 2H
2
O 2NaOH + Cl
2
+ H
2
(1)
- S mol ca NaCl em in phn v s mol NaOH thu c:
n
NaCl
= n
NaOH
= 2
2
Cl
n = 1.1,5.10
3
= 3.10
3
mol
- Khi lng NaCl cn dng:
m
NaCl
= 3.10
3
.58,5.
%
%
95
100
=184,74.10
3
gam = 184,74 kg
- Khi lng NaOH tc dng:
in phn c mng ngn
in phn c mng ngn
47
m
NaOH
= 3.10
3
.40.
%
%
95
100
=126,32.10
3
gam = 126,32 kg
3.25 Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng theo s bin ho sau:
Cl
2

2
H
HCl
2
) OH ( Ca
CaCl
2
NaCl NaCl NaCl CaCO
3
Na
O H
2
NaOH
2
CO
Na
2
CO
3
Gii
2NaCl 2Na + Cl
2
(1)
2Na + Cl
2
2NaCl (2)
H
2
+ Cl
2

o
t
2HCl (3)
2Na + 2H
2
O 2NaOH + H
2
(4)
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H
2
O (5)
2HCl + Ca(OH)
2
CaCl
2
+ 2H
2
O (6)
CO
2
+ 2NaOH Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O (7)
Na
2
CO
3
+ CaCl
2
CaCO
3
+ 2NaCl (8)

3.26 Kim cng l:
a. Hp cht ca cacbon vi kim loi
b. L hp cht ca cacbon vi phi kim
c. Mt dng th hnh ca cacbon
d. C a v b u ng
p n: c ng.
3.27 Chn cu ng trong cc cu sau:
a. Cc dng th hnh ng ca cacbon l: kim cng, than ch v than g.
b. Cc dng th hnh ng ca cacbon l: kim cng, than ch v cacbon v nh hnh.
c. Cc dng th hnh ng ca cacbon l: kim cng, than ch v than hot tnh.
d. Cc dng th hnh ng ca cacbon l: kim cng, than ch v than .
p n: b ng.
3.28 Kh nng hp ph cao l c tnh ca:
a. Than b. Kim cng
c. Than ch d. Than hot tnh
p n: d ng.
3.29 Trong cc phn ng ho hc sau:
C + O
2

o
t
CO
2
+ Q (1)
C + 2CuO
o
t
CO
2
+ 2Cu (2)
cacbon lun l:
a. Cht oxi ho b. Cht kh
c. L cht oxi ho v cht kh d. Khng l cht oxi ho v cht kh p n: b ng.
3.30 Cacbon oxit (CO) l:
a. Oxit axit b. Oxit baz
c. Oxit trung tnh d. Oxit lng tnh
in phn nng chy
47
p n: c ng.
3.31 Trong cc phn ng ho hc sau:
2CO + O
2

o
t
2CO
2
+ Q (1)
CO + CuO
o
t
CO
2
+ Cu (2)
cacbon oxit lun l:
a. Cht oxi ho b. Khng l cht oxi ho v cht kh
c. L cht oxi ho v cht kh d. Cht kh
p n: d ng.
3.32 Cacbon ioxit (hay cn gi l anhirit cacbonic, kh cacbonic: CO
2
) l:
a. Oxit axit b. Oxit baz
c. Oxit trung tnh d. Oxit lng tnh
p n: a ng.
3.33 Nguyn t R to thnh vi hiro mt hp cht c cng thc phn t RH
4
. R l nguyn t no trong
cc nguyn t sau:
a. S b. Si c. C d. P
p n: a ng.
3.34 Hp th ton b 2,24 lt kh CO
2
(o ktc) vo 100,0 ml dung dch NaOH 1,5 M. Dung dch thu
c cha nhng mui no?
a. NaHCO
3
b. Na
2
CO
3

c. NaHCO
3
v Na
2
CO
3
d. Phn ng khng to mui
p n: c ng.
3.35 Mt vin than t ong c khi lng 350,0 gam cha 60% cacbon theo khi lng. Tnh nhit lng
to ra khi t chy hon ton mt vin than ny. Bit khi
t chy 1 mol cacbon sinh ra lng nhit l 394 kJ.
Gii
- Phn ng chy:
C + O
2

o
t
CO
2
+ Q
- S mol cacbon c trong mt vin than t ong l:
n
C
=
% .
% .
100 12
60 350
= 17,5 mol
- Lng nhit to ra khi t chy hon ton mt vin than t ong l:
Q = 17,5.394 = 6895 kJ
3.36 Tnh th tch kh CO cn ly iu kin tiu chun kh ht 8,0 gam CuO. Bit rng hiu sut
phn ng kh l 80%.
Gii
- S mol CuO:
n
CuO
=
80
0 8,
= 0,10 mol
- Phn ng kh CuO
CO + CuO
o
t
CO
2
+ Cu
- Theo phng trnh phn ng s mol CO bng s mol CuO:
n
CO
= n
CuO
= 0,10 mol
- Th tch CO cn ly:
47
n
CO
=
%
% . , . ,
80
100 4 22 10 0
= 2,80 lt
3.37 Dn 22,4 lt hn hp kh A gm CO v CO
2
qua dung dch NaOH d thy c 1,12 lt kh thot ra.
Tnh % theo th tch v % theo khi lng ca hn hp kh A. Bit cc th tch u o iu kin tiu
chun.
Gii
- Gi s mol kh CO trong hn hp A l x mol.
- Gi s mol kh CO
2
trong hn hp A l y mol.
- Khi cho hn hp kh A qua dung dch NaOH:
CO
2
+ 2NaOH Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O
- Kh i ra khi dung dch l CO
- Ta c cc phng trnh:
n
A
= n
CO
+
2
CO
n = x + y =
4 22
4 22
,
,
= 1,0 mol
n
CO
= x =
4 22
24 2
,
,
= 0,10 mol
2
CO
n = y = 0,90 mol
- % theo th tch cc kh trong hn hp A:
% % .
,
,
% .
CO
90 100
0 1
9 0
100
2
= =
+
=
y x
y
%n
% % .
,
,
% .
CO
10 100
0 1
1 0
100 = =
+
=
y x
x
%n
- % theo khi lng cc kh trong hn hp A:
% , % .
, . , .
, .
% .
CO
4 93 100
9 0 44 1 0 28
9 0 44
100
44 28
44
2
=
+
=
+
=
y x
y
%m
% , % .
, . , .
, .
% .
CO
6 6 100
9 0 44 1 0 28
1 0 28
100
44 28
28
=
+
=
+
=
y x
x
%m
3.38 Dn t t 16,8 lt kh CO
2
vo 600,0 ml dung dch Ca(OH)
2
1,0 M. Tnh khi lng kt ta thu
c.
Gii
- S mol kh CO
2
:
2
CO
n =
4 22
8 16
,
,
= 0,75 mol.
- S mol Ca(OH)
2
trong dung dch:
2
) OH ( Ca
n = 0,6.1,0 = 0,60 mol.
- S mol kh CO
2
ln hn s mol Ca(OH)
2
nn to thnh 2 mui:
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ + H
2
O (1)
CO
2
+ CaCO
3
+ H
2
O Ca(HCO
3
)
2
(2)
- Gi s mol mui CaCO
3
l x mol.
- Gi s mol mui Ca(HCO
3
)
2
y mol.

2
) OH ( Ca
n = x + y

= 0,60 mol
2
CO
n = x + 2y = 0,75 mol.
47

3
CaCO
n = x = 0,45 mol
- Khi lng kt ta CaCO
3
: m = 100.0,45 = 45,0 gam
3.39 Hn hp kh A gm CO v CO
2
v kh X. Xc nh kh X c trong hn hp bit rng trong hn
hp kh A kh CO c s mol gp 3 ln s mol kh CO
2
v hn hp kh A c khi lng mol trung bnh l
32.
Gii
- Gi s hn hp A c tng s mol kh l 1,0 mol. Gi s mol CO
2
trong hn hp l x mol, khi s mol
CO l 3x v s mol kh X l 1,0 - 4x.
- Khi lng mol trung bnh ca hn hp:

1
4 0 1 3 28 44 ) , ( .
A
x M x x
M
X
+ +
= = 32
32
4 0 1
4 0 1 32
4 0 1
128 32
=
=
x
x
x
x
M
X
,
) , (
,

X l kh c khi lng mol l 32 ch c th l O
2
.
3.40 Dn t t 6,72 lt kh CO
2
vo 300,0 ml dung dch NaOH 1,20 M.
a. Tnh tng khi lng cc mui trong dung dch thu c.
b. Tnh khi lng kt ta khi cho BaCl
2
d vo dung dch sau lhi hp th CO
2
.
Gii
a- S mol kh CO
2
:
2
CO
n =
4 22
72 6
,
,
= 0,30 mol.
- S mol NaOH trong dung dch:
n
NaOH
= 0,3.1,20 = 0,36 mol.

2
CO
n < n
NaOH
< 2
2
CO
n nn to thnh 2 mui:
CO
2
+ 2NaOH Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O (1)
CO
2
+ Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O 2NaHCO
3
(2)
- Gi s mol mui Na
2
CO
3
l x mol.
- Gi s mol mui NaHCO
3
y mol.
n
NaOH
= 2x + y = 0,36 mol.
2
CO
n = x + y = 0,30 mol.
x = 0,06 mol v y = 0,24 mol
- Khi lng mui trong dung dch thu c:
m =
3 3 2
NaHCO CO Na
m m + = 106.0,06 + 84.0,24 = 26,52 gam
b. Tnh khi lng kt ta:
BaCl
2
+ Na
2
CO
3
2NaCl + BaCO
3
+ (3)

3
BaCO
m = 197.0,06 = 11,82 gam
3.41 Cho 5,6 lt hn hp kh N
2
v CO
2
(o ktc) i chm qua 5,0 lt dung dch nc vi trong cha
Ca(OH)
2
0,02 M, thu c 5,0 gam kt ta. Tnh thnh phn % theo th tch hn hp kh.
Gii
- Gi s mol CO
2
trong hn hp kh l x mol.
- Gi s mol N
2
trong hn hp kh y mol.
47
n
hn hp
= x + y =
4 22
6 5
,
,
= 0,25 mol (I)
- S mol Ca(OH)
2
trong dung dch:
2
) OH ( Ca
n = 0,02.5,0 = 0,10 mol.
- Phn ng xy ra khi cho hn hp kh i qua dung dch Ca(OH)
2
:
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ + H
2
O (1)
CO
2
+ CaCO
3
+ H
2
O Ca(HCO
3
)
2
(2)
- S mol mui CaCO
3
kt ta:

3
CaCO
n =
100
0 5,
= 0,05 mol <
2
) OH ( Ca
n nn c hai trng hp.
* Trng hp 1: CO
2
thiu nn ch c phn ng (1) xy ra

2
CO
n = x =
3
CaCO
n = 0,05 mol
2
N
n = y = 0,20 mol
% .
,
,
CO
100
25 0
05 0
2
= %V = 20%
% .
,
,
N
100
25 0
20 0
2
= %V = 80%
* Trng hp 2: CO
2
d nn c c phn ng (1) v phn ng (2) xy ra

2
CO
n = x =
3
CaCO
n + 2
2 3
) HCO ( Ca
n
mt khc:
2
) OH ( Ca
n =
3
CaCO
n +
2 3
) HCO ( Ca
n = 0,10 mol
2
N
n = y = 0,20

2
CO
n = x = 0,15 mol v
2
N
n = y = 0,10 mol
% .
,
,
CO
100
25 0
15 0
2
= %V = 60%
% .
,
,
N
100
25 0
10 0
2
= %V = 40%
3.42 Kh CO
2
khng duy tr s chy, nng hn khng kh v vy c th s dng lm kh cha chy. Tnh
th tch (o ktc) kh CO
2
to ra c khi dung bnh cu ho c dung dch cha 980,0 gam H
2
SO
4
tc
dng vi dung dch NaHCO
3
d.
Gii
- Phn ng to kh CO
2
trong bnh cu ho:
H
2
SO
4
+ 2NaHCO
3
Na
2
SO
4
+ 2CO
2
| + 2H
2
O
- S mol H
2
SO
4
c trong bnh cu ho:
4 2
SO H
n =
98
980
= 10 mol
- S mol kh CO
2
to ra:

2
CO
n = 2
4 2
SO H
n = 20,0 mol
- Th tch kh CO
2
to ra:

2
CO
V = 20.22,4 = 448 lt

3.43 Kh CO
2
l mt trong cc kh gy ra hiu ng nh knh lm cho tri t nng dn ln nh hng
khng tt n sc kho ca con ngi. Hy tnh khi lng v th tch (o ktc) kh CO
2
thi ra mi
trng khi sn sut mt tn vi (CaO) t vi.
Gii
47
- Phn ng nung vi:
CaCO
3

o
t
CO
2
+ CaO
- Theo phng trnh phn ng s mol CO bng s mol CuO:
2
CO
n = n
CaO
=
56
0 1,
.10
6
= 1,7857.10
4
mol
- Khi lng CO
2
thi ra mi trng:

2
CO
m = 1,7857.10
4
.44 = 7,857.10
5
gam = 0,7857 tn
- Th tch kh CO
2
thi ra mi trng:

2
CO
V = 1,7857.10
4
.22,4 = 399996,8 lt ~ 400 m
3
3.44 Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng theo s bin ho sau:

CO
2

2
) OH ( Ba
Ba(HCO
3
)
2

NaOH
Na
2
CO
3
CaCO
3
CaCO
3
CaCO
3
CaCO
3
CaO
O H
2
Ca(OH)
2

HCl
CaCl
2
Gii
CaCO
3

o
t
CO
2
+ CaO (1)
Ba(OH)
2
+ 2CO
2
Ba(HCO
3
)
2
(2)
Ba(HCO
3
)
2
+ 2NaOH BaCO
3
+ + Na
2
CO
3
+ 2H
2
O (3)
CaO + H
2
O Ca(OH)
2
(4)
2HCl + Ca(OH)
2
CaCl
2
+ 2H
2
O (5)
CO
2
+ CaO CaCO
3
(6)
Ba(HCO
3
)
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
BaCO
3
+ + CaCO
3
+ + 2H
2
O (7)
Na
2
CO
3
+ CaCl
2
CaCO
3
+ 2NaCl (8)

3.45 Cu no sau y hon ton ng:
a. Silic l nguyn t ph bin nht trong thin nhin, c kh nng dn in tt, n c tnh phi kim yu
hn cacbon.
b. Silic l nguyn t c nhiu nht trong v tri t nhng ch ph bin th hai trong thin nhin, c
kh nng dn in km, n c tnh phi kim yu hn cacbon.
c. Silic l nguyn t ph bin nht trong thin nhin, c kh nng dn in tt, n c tnh kim loi yu
hn cacbon.
d. C cu a v cu b u ng.
p n: b ng.
3.46 Thnh phn chnh trong xi mng l:
a. Canxi silicat v natri silicat
b. Nhn silicat v kali silicat
c. Nhm silicat v canxi silicat
d. Canxi silicat v canxi aluminat
p n: d ng.
3.47 Thnh phn chnh trong thu tinh v c:
a. Canxi silicat v natri silicat
47
b. Nhn silicat v kali silicat
c. Kali silicat v natri silicat
d. Canxi silicat v canxi aluminat
p n: a ng.
3.48 Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng trong cc giai on chnh ca qu trnh sn sut thu tinh:
a. CaCO
3

o
t

b. CaO + SiO
2

o
t

c. Na
2
CO
3
+ SiO
2

o
t

Gii
a. CaCO
3

o
t
CO
2
+ CaO
b. CaO + SiO
2

o
t
CaSiO
3
c. Na
2
CO
3
+ SiO
2

o
t
Na
2
SiO
3
+ CO
2
3.49 Khi nu chy NaOH khan vi silic dioxit thy thot ra 4,5 gam hi nc. Tnh khi lng mui
natri silicat to thnh.
Gii
- Phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi nu chy:
2NaOH + SiO
2

o
t
Na
2
SiO
3
+ H
2
O
- S mol Na
2
SiO
3
to thnh bng s mol H
2
O sinh ra:

18
5 4
2 3 2
,
O H SiO Na
= = n n = 0,25 mol
- Khi lng Na
2
SiO
3
to thnh:
=
3 2
SiO Na
m 28.0,25 = 7,0 gam
3.50 Nguyn liu thng thng nu thu tinh l soda (Na
2
CO
3
), vi v ct (SiO
2
). Tnh khi lng
cn thit ca cc nguyn liu nu c 0,239 tn thu tinh c thnh phn ng vi cng thc
Na
2
O.CaO.6SiO
2
.
Gii
- Thu tinh c thnh phn ng vi cng thc Na
2
O.CaO.6SiO
2
c th vit di dng mui v oxit nh
sau: Na
2
SiO
3
.CaSiO
3
.4SiO
2
.
- S mol thu tinh Na
2
O.CaO.6SiO
2
hay Na
2
SiO
3
.CaSiO
3
.4SiO
2
.
n =
478
239 0,
.10
6
= 500 mol
- Cc phn ng xy ra khi nu thu tinh:
CaCO
3

o
t
CO
2
+ CaO
CaO + SiO
2

o
t
CaSiO
3
Na
2
CO
3
+ SiO
2

o
t
Na
2
SiO
3
+ CO
2
- Khi lng cc nguyn liu cn ly:
=
3 2
CO Na
m 500. 106 = 53000 gam = 53 kg
=
3
CaCO
m 500. 100 = 50000 gam = 50 kg
=
2
SiO
m 6.500. 60 = 180000 gam = 180 kg
47
3.51 Mt loi thu tinh pha l c thnh phn ng vi cng thc:
120SiO
2
.Al
2
(SiO
3
)
3
.3CaSiO
3
.25PbSiO
3
.20Na
2
SiO
3
.22.K
2
SiO
3
.
Hy tnh thnh phn phn trm ca Si c trong thu tinh pha l trn v % quy theo SiO
2
.
Gii
- d dng cho tnh khi lng Si trong thu tinh ta c th vit:
120SiO
2
.Al
2
(SiO
3
)
3
.3CaSiO
3
.25PbSiO
3
.20Na
2
SiO
3
.22.K
2
SiO
3
gn li nh sau:
Na
40
K
44
AlCa
3
Pb
25
Si
193
O
459

- Hm lng % ca Si:
%m
Si
= % .
.
100
20706
193 28
=26,1%
- Hm lng % ca SiO
2
:
%m
Si
= % .
.
100
20706
193 60
=55,9%
3.52 Nguyn tc sp xp cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc hin nay l:
a. Theo chiu khi lng nguyn t tng dn.
b. Theo chiu in tch ht nhn nguyn t tng dn.
c. Theo chiu tnh kim loi ca cc nguyn t tng dn.
d. Theo chiu tnh phi kim ca cc nguyn t tng dn.
p n: b ng
3.53 Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc, nguyn t cho bit:
a. S hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t (s th t ca nguyn t trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho
hc, hay in tch ht nhn nguyn t ca nguyn t).
b. K hiu nguyn t nguyn t ho hc.
c. Nguyn t khi ca nguyn t.
d. C ba iu trn.
p n: c ng
3.54 Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc:
a. Chu k l dy cc nguyn t c cng s lp electron c sp xp theo chiu khi lng nguyn t
tng dn.
b. Chu k l dy cc nguyn t c cng s lp electron c sp xp theo chiu in tch ht nhn
nguyn t tng dn.
c. Chu k l dy cc nguyn t c cng s electron lp ngoi cng c sp xp theo chiu in tch ht
nhn nguyn t tng dn.
d. Chu k l dy cc nguyn t c cng s electron lp ngoi cng c sp xp theo chiu khi lng
nguyn t tng dn.
p n: b ng
3.55 Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc:
a. Nhm l dy cc nguyn t c cng s lp electron c sp xp theo chiu khi lng nguyn t
tng dn.
b. Nhm l dy cc nguyn t c cng s lp electron c sp xp theo chiu in tch ht nhn
nguyn t tng dn.
c. Nhm l dy cc nguyn t c cng s electron lp ngoi cng c sp xp theo chiu in tch ht
nhn nguyn t tng dn.
47
d. Nhm l dy cc nguyn t c cng s electron lp ngoi cng c sp xp theo chiu khi lng
nguyn t tng dn.
p n: c ng
3.56 Kt lun no sau y hon ton ng:
a. Trong mt chu k: s lp electron tng dn, tnh kim loi gim dn ng thi tnh phi kim tng dn.
b. Trong mt chu k: s lp electron tng dn, tnh phi kim gim dn ng thi tnh kim loi tng dn.
c. Trong mt chu k: s electron lp ngoi cng tng dn, tnh phi kim gim dn ng thi tnh kim loi
tng dn.
d. Trong mt chu k: s electron lp ngoi cng tng dn, tnh kim loi gim dn ng thi tnh phi
kim tng dn.
p n: d ng
a. Trong mt nhm: s lp electron tng dn, tnh kim loi gim dn ng thi tnh phi kim tng dn.
b. Trong mt nhm: s lp electron tng dn, tnh phi kim gim dn ng thi tnh kim loi tng dn.
c. Trong mt nhm: s electron lp ngoi cng tng dn, tnh phi kim gim dn ng thi tnh kim loi
tng dn.
d. Trong mt nhm: s electron lp ngoi cng tng dn, tnh kim loi gim dn ng thi tnh phi kim
tng dn.
p n: b ng
3.58 Cho bit cch sp xp no ng theo chiu tnh kim loi tng dn trong cc cch sp xp sau:
a. Na, K, Mg, Be b. K, Na, Mg, Be c. Be, Mg, K Na d. K, Na, Be, Mg
p n: b ng
3.59 Cho bit cch sp xp no ng theo chiu tnh phi kim tng dn trong cc cch sp xp sau:
a. F
2
, P, S, Cl
2
b. P, S, F
2
, Cl
2
c. F
2
, Cl
2
, S, P d. F
2
, Cl
2
, P, S
p n: c ng
a. Bit v tr ca mt nguyn t trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc c th bit cu to nguyn
t v d on tnh cht ho hc ca n.
b. Ch cho bit k hiu ho hc ca nguyn t v khi lng nguyn t ca n.
c. Bit cu to nguyn t ca mt nguyn t c th bit v tr ca n trong bng tun hon cc nguyn
t ho hc v c th d on tnh cht ho hc ca n.
d. Kt lun a v c ng.
p n: d ng
kim tra chng 3
(Thi gian 45 pht)
Cu 1: (3 im)
Cho cc phn ng sau:
A
(k)
+ H
2 (k)
B
(k)
B
dd
+ X
o
t
A
(k)
+ Y + H
2
O
A + W M + N + H
2
O
A l cht no cho di y:
a. S b. P c. N
2
d. Cl
2

Cu 2: (3 im)
1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng cho dy bin ho sau:
47
R
+
o
t , O
2
Q
+
2
) OH ( Ca
D
o
t
CaCO
3
2. Nu tnh cht ho hc chung ca phi kim. Ly v d minh ho
Cu 3: (4 im)
Tnh th tch kh clo thu c (o ktc) khi cho 1,74 gam MnO
2
tc dng vi lng d dung
dch HCl c, un nng nh. V tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 0,10 M cn phn ng hon ton vi
lng kh clo thu c trn.
Cho: Mn = 55, O = 16, K = 39, Cl = 35,5, H = 1

kim tra chng 3
(Thi gian 45 pht)
Cu 1: (3 im)
Lng clo thu c khi cho 24,5 gam KClO
3
phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch HCl c (hiu
sut thu kh clo 95%) phn ng c vi bao nhiu gam st?
a. 22,4 gam b. 33,6 gam c. 21,2 gam d. 31,92 gam
Bit rng KClO
3
phn ng vi HCl theo phng trnh phn ng sau:
KClO
3
+ 6HCl KCl + 3Cl
2
Cu 2: (3 im)
Vit cc phng trnh phn ng cho dy bin ho sau:
CO
2

) (2
Ca(HCO
3
)
3

(1)
C (4) (5) CO
2
(6) (8)
CO
) (7
Na
2
CO
3
Cu 3: (4 im)
Nhit phn 31,6 gam KMnO
4
mt thi gian thu c hn hp rn A c khi lng nh hn khi
lng KMnO
4
ly l 0,8 gam. Tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng hn hp rn A. v tnh hiu sut
phn ng nhit phn. Nu em lng KMnO
4
ny cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl c d th thu c
bao nhiu lt kh clo (o ktc).
Cho: Mn = 55, O = 16, K = 39, Cl = 35,5, H = 1

kim tra chng 3
(Thi gian 45 pht)
Cu 1: (3 im)
C ba l ng ba kh ring bit l clo, hiroclorua v N
2
. C th dng mt cht no trong s cc cht
sau ng thi nhn bit c c ba kh:
a. Giy qu tm tm t b. Dung dich NaOH
c. Dung dch AgNO
3
d. Dung dich H
2
SO
4

Cu 2: (3 im)
Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau:
a. CO
2
+ Ba(HCO
3
)
2

b. MnO
2
+ HCl
c

o
t
.
c. FeS
2
+ O
2

o
t
SO
2
+ .
d. Cu + CuSO
4
+
(3)
47
Cu 3: (4 im)
Nung nng hn hp A gm bt than (cacbon) v bt ng oxit (khng c khng kh), ngi ta thu
c kh B v 2,2 gam cht rn D. Dn kh B qua dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d thy c 1,97 gam kt ta trng
to thnh. em phn cht rn D t chy trong oxi d thu c cht rn E c khi lng 2,4 gam.
- Vit cc phng trnh phn ng.
- Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong hn hp A.
kim tra hc k I
(Thi gian 60 pht)
Cu 1: (3 im)
Cho s cc phn ng sau:
A + O
2

C t
o
B
B + O
2

tc xc , C t
o
C
C + H
2
O D
D + BaCl
2
E+ + F
A l cht no trong s cc cht sau:
a. P b. N
2
c. S d. Cl
2

Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
Cu 2: (3 im)
T cc nguyn liu ban u l: qung st pyrit (FeS
2
), mui n, khng kh, nc, cc cht xc tc v
cc iu kin cn thit hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch FeCl
2
v Fe(OH)
3
, FeSO
4
.
Cu 3: (4 im)
Ho tan hon ton 1,37 gam hn hp bt nhm v st bng lng va dung dch A cha H
2
SO
4

0,45 M v HCl 0,2 M. Cho dung dch thu c tc dng vi 100,0 ml dung dch KOH 1,4 M. Lc ly kt
ta, nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c m gam cht rn. Tnh m v % theo khi
lng kim loi trong hn hp ban u.
Cho: Al = 27, Fe = 56

kim tra hc k I
(Thi gian 60 pht)
Cu 1: (3 im)
C ba l ng ba dung dch ring bit l BaCl
2
, Ca(HCO
3
)
2
v MgSO
4
b mt nhn. C th dng mt
cht no trong s cc cht sau ng thi nhn bit c c ba dung dch:
a. Dung dch Ba(OH)
2
b. Dung dich NaOH
c. Dung dch FeCl
3
d. Dung dich H
2
SO
4

Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
Cu 2: (3 im)
T cc nguyn liu ban u l: qung st pyrit (FeS
2
), mui n, khng kh, nc, cc cht xc tc v
cc iu kin cn thit hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch FeCl
2
v Fe(OH)
3
, FeSO
4
.
Cu 3: (4 im)
Cho 13,44 gam bt ng vo 250,0 ml dung dch AgNO
3
0,6 M. Khuy u dung dch mt thi gian,
lc ly cht rn A v dung dch B. Cht rn A ra sch, sy kh cn nng 22,56 gam.
a. Tnh nng cc cht trong dung dch B. (Coi th tch dung dch khng thay i).
b. Nhng thanh kim loi R c khi lng 15,0 gam vo dung dch B cho n phn ng hon ton th
thy than kim loi lc ny cn nng 17,205 gam. R l kim loi no cho di y:
47
Na =23, Mg = 24, Al = 27, Fe =56, Ni = 59, Cu = 64, Zn = 65, Ag = 108, Pb = 207
V cho H = 1, C = 12O = 16

Tnh theo
phng trnh ho hc
a.Dang I :Da vo pthh tm cthh ca hp cht hoc kim loi ..
Bi1: t chy hon ton 13,6g hp cht A,th thu c 25,6g SO
2
v 7,2g H
2
O.Xc nh cng thc
ca A
BI 2:Ho tan hon ton 7,2g mt kim loi ho tr II bng dung dch HCl,thu c 6,72 lt hir
(ktc).Xc nh tn kim loi dng
Bi 3:cho 12,8g mt kim loi ho tr II tc dng vi Clo th thu c 27g mui clorua .xc nh tn
kim loi .
Bi 4: Ho tan hon ton 7,56g mt kim loi M cha r ho tr vo dung dch axt HCl ,th thu c
9,408lt H
2
(ktc).Xc nh kim loi M.
Bi 5:Ho tan hon ton 8,9g hn hp 2 kim loi A v B c cng ho tr II v c t l mol l 1:1 bng
dung dch HCl thu c 4,48 lt hir ktc .Hi A v B l cc kim loi no trong s cc kim loi
sau:Mg ,Ca,Ba,Fe,Zn.
Bi 6:t chy hon ton 4,5g hp cht hu c A .Bit A cha C,H,O v thu c 9,9g kh CO
2
v 5,4g
H
2
O.lp cng thc phn t ca A.Bit phn t khi A l 60.
Bi 7:t chy hon ton 7,5g hyrccbon A ta thu c 22g CO
2
v 13,5g H
2
O .Bit t khi hI so
vi hyr bng 15 .Lp cng thc phn t ca A.
Bi 8: Ho tan hon ton 5,6g mt kim loi ho tr II bng dung dch HCl,thu c 2,24 lt hir
(ktc).Xc nh tn kim loi dng
Bi 9: cho 4,48g mt xt kim loi ho tr II tc dng ht vi 7,84g dung dch axitsunfuric .xc nh
cng thc xt kim loi .
Bi 10: Ho tan hon ton 9,6g hn hp ng mol 2 oxt kim loi c cng ho tr II cn 14,6g axit HCl
.Xc nh cng thc ca 2 oxt trn.bit kim loi ho tr II l cc kim loi trong s cc kim loi
sau:Be(9) ,Mg(24),Ca(40),Zn(65).
Bi 11:Ho tan hon ton 6,5g mt kim loi A cha r ho tr vo dung dch HCl ,th thu c 2,24 lt
hir(ktc). Xc nh kim loi A
Bi 12:C mt oxt st cha r cng thc ,chia oxits ny lm 2 phn bng nhau :
- ho tan ht phn 1 phi cn 150ml dung dch HCl 1,5M .
-Cho mt lung kh H2 d I qua phn 2 nung nng ,phn ng xong thu c 4,2g Fe .Tm
cng thc ca oxit ni trn
Bi 13: :t chy hon ton 0,3g hp cht hu c A .Bit A cha C,H,O v thu c 224cm
3
kh CO
2

(ktc) v 0,18g H
2
O.lp cng thc phn t ca A.Bit t khi ca A i vi hir bng 30
Bi 14:t mt hp cht hu c A cha cc nguyn t C,H,O v N cn 504 ml oxy .Khi lng ca
nc to thnh l 0,45g .Th tch cc sn phm kh ca phn ng bng 560ml .Sau khi cho hn hp kh
li qua dung dch xt th th tch ca chng cn 112ml (cc th tch kh ktc).Tm cng thc phn t
ca A .Bit phn t khi ca chng bng 75.
Bi 15:Kh hon ton 16g bt oxits st nguyn cht bng CO nhit cao .Sau phn ng kt thc
khi lng cht rn gim 4,8g.Xc nh cng thc ca oxit st dng

Bi 16:t chy 2,25g hp cht hu c A cha C,H,O phI cn 3,08 lt oxy (ktc)v thu c V
H2O

=5\4 V
CO2
.Bit t khi hi ca A i vi H2 l 45.Xc nh cng thc ca A
Bi 17:Hyr A l cht lng ,c t khi hi so vi khng kh bng 27..t chy A thu c CO2 v
H2O theo t l khi lng 4,9:1 .tm cng thc ca A
Bi 18:Ho tan hon ton 2g kim loi A (cha r ho tr )bng dung dch H2SO4 long c 0,1 g kh
hir .Hi A l kim loi no ?
Bi 19:Ho tan hon ton 1,35g mt kim loi M ho tr III vo dung dch HCL thu c 1,68lt kh hir
(ktc).Xc nh M
47
Bi 20:Kh hon ton 23,2g mt oxit ca st (cha r ho tr ca st )bng kh CO nhit cao .Sau
phn ng thy khi lng cht rn gim I 6,4g so vi ban u .Xc nh cng th c ca oxit st

Tổng hợp kiến thức Hóa 8

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Tổng hợp kiến thức Hóa 8

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

47

You might also like