TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 1(30).

2009

NGHIN CU CHIT TCH PHM MU IU NHUM BNG DU MEIZAN

A STUDY OF BIXA ORRELENA COLOUR EXTRATION WITH MEIZAN OIL o Hng Cng Phan Tho Th

Trng i hc S phm, i hc Nng

TM TT Hai thnh phn chnh ca ht iu nhum l bixin v norbixin, trong thnh phn bixin tan tt trong du thc vt. Kt qu nghin cu cho thy khi qu iu nhum c 4 thng th hm lng ca bixin tch lu trong ht t cc i. Khi chit tch bixin t ht annatto bng du 0 Meizan nhit 98 C vi t l rn lng 15/10 trong 10h th hm lng bixin thu c l khong 15%. SUMMARY The two major components of bixa orrelana pigment are bixin and norbixin, among which bixin dissolves well in food oil. This research result reveals that the maximum content of bixin in bixa orrelana is accumulated four months after the appearance of the green fruit. The 0 bixin volume obtained is around 15% when extracted with Meizan oil at 98 C and with the ratio of optimum bixa orrelana and solvent volume (15/100) within 10 hours.

1. M u Ngy nay, ngnh cng ngh thc phm lun gn lin vi phm mu c ngun gc t t nhin lm tng tnh hp dn ca sn phm. Mt trong nhng loi phm mu c s dng rng ri hin nay l cht mu c ly t ht iu nhum c mu v vng. Cht nhum mu ch yu trong phn cm ht iu nhum l bixin c mu (este monomethyl ca acid dicarboxilic norbixin), thnh phn chim hn 80% phn cm ca ht iu [2]. Ngoi bixin, trong ht iu mu cn c norbixin (acid dicarboxilic) l cht to ra mu vng [1].
HOOC HOOC COOCH3

-bixin
COOCH3

-bixin

Cc nh khoa h trn th gii chng minh c cht mu chit t ht iu c nhum khng gy c hi, khng nh hng n sc kho con ngi nn c CODEX a vo danh mc cc loi phm mu t nhin c s dng an ton cho thc phm v dc phm [4]. Loi phm ny c hot tnh sinh hc cao, lm gim lng cholesterol trong mu, mang tnh nhun trng, cha cc bnh nh st, kit l; n cn l cht chng oxi ho mnh, c kh nng tiu dit cc gc t d o v cc lo men hi gy i
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TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 1(30).2009

ung th trong thc n, nc ung; mt cht chng tia cc tm v chng oxi ho gip bo v gan thng c s dng trong y hc [1]. Vit Nam ta, trong dn gian ngi ta thng un nng du n ri cho ht iu nhum vo ly dung dch mu hoc cho trc tip ht iu vo trong thc n to mu. Vic nghin cu ng dng cht mu t ht iu nhum tuy c mt vi nh ho h nc ta quan tm nhng cho n nay vn cha c mt quy trnh cng c ngh sn xut n nh v hiu qu c th trin khai quy m cng nghip. V vy vic nghin cu tm ra phng php chi t tch cht mu v xc nh thi im thu hoch qu c cha hm lng cht mu cao nht l mt vic lm cn thit, quan trng, c ngha ln nhm ng dng rng ri c ht mu t nhin trong thc phm, gp phn tch cc pht trin cy cng nghip nc ta. 2. Thc nghim 2.1. Nguyn liu Qu iu c hi ti Tam K - Qung Nam trn mt cy iu c trng 5 nm. Cc lo qu c hi mt cch ngu nhin (hnh 1), sau ph n loi mu th i nghim theo chn ca qu: Mu 1 - qu iu nhum rt non: l nhng qu c v mu xanh nht, ti, v rt mm v gin; Mu 2 - qu iu nhum non: l nhng qu c v mu xanh hi m, v mm v gin; Mu 3 - qu iu nhum hi gi: l nhng qu c v mu xanh thm, v hi cng hn v hi kh bm; Mu 4 - qu iu nhum gi: l nhng qu iu nhum c v mu nu, v cng v kh bm; Mu 5 - qu iu nhum chn: l qu iu nhum c v mu nu en, en, v rt cng, kh bm thng b nt.

Hnh 1. Qu v ht iu nhum gi

2.2. Chit tch bixin Chn dung mi chit Dng dung mi l du thc vt chit tch bixin. Ngm ln lt 1g mu 4-ht iu nhum gi vo cng mt th tch l 10ml cc loi du hn hp Meizan, Cooking oil, du u phng v du u nnh trong khong thi gian l 48 h. Thnh thong lc, khuy qu trnh chit c d dng. Thu ly cc dch chit o UV-Vis. Nghin cu nh hng ca cc iu kin n hiu sut chit tch bixin Tin hnh chng ninh ht iu nhum gi vi du thc vt thch hp c chn trn v thu ly dch chit. xc nh iu kin ti u nhm thu sn phm c
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hiu sut cao nht, chng ti tin hnh kho st, t l gia khi lng ht iu nhum vi dung mi (t l rn lng) v thi gian chit tch bixin. 3. Kt qu v tho lun 3.1. Kh nng ho tan ca bixin trong cc loi du thc phm khc nhau
Bng 1. Kh nng ho tan ca bixin trong cc dung mi du thc phm

Dung mi Du Meizan Mu sc m

Du Cooking oil

Du u phng Vng

Du u nnh Vng

Bng cm quan, chng ti nhn thy dch chit ca du Meizan c mu tt nht, c kh nng ho tan bixin tt nht sau l du cooking oil. V vy, chng ti la chn du Meizan nghin cu qu trnh chit Bixin t ht iu mu. 3.2. Xy dng ng chun Ho tan 1,542g bixin trong 100ml d Meizan thu c dung dch bixin c u nng l 0,0371M, tip tc pha long dung dch cht mu trn thnh cc dung dch c nng khc nhau v o quang ph hp th phn t.
Bng 2. Nng ca dung dch bixin

Th tch dung dch bixin (ml) Th tch du Meizan (ml) Nng dung dch (M)

0,1 9,9

0,2 9,8

0,4 9,6

0.50 9.50

0,6 9,4

0,8 9,2

0,00039 0,00075 0,00153 0,00189 0,00228 0,00306 Mt quang (D)

Bng 3. Mt quang ca cc dung dch bixin c nng khc nhau

(nm)

0,00039M 0,00075M 0,00153M 0,00189M 0,300 0,251 0,645 0,541 1,054 0,899 1,651 1,392

0,00228M 1,735 1,469

0,00306M 2,673 2,243

469 499

Hnh 2. Ph UV-Vis ca cc dung dch bixin c nng khc nhau 68

Hnh 3. S ph thuc ca mt Hnh 4. S ph thuc ca mt quang vo nng ca dung dch quang vo nng ca dung dch bixin bc sng 469nm bixin bc sng 499nm

TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 1(30).2009

T bng 3 v hnh 2, xy dng th ng chun biu bin s ph thuc ca mt quang vo nng ca dung dch bixin D = f(C) nh th hnh 3 v hnh 4. Sau khi o cc gi tr mt quang ca cc dch chit ca cc mu phn tch, da vo hai th ny, nng bixin trong dch chit s c xc nh. 3.3. Chit tch bixin bng phng php chng ninh 3.3.1. Kho st t l rn/lng ti u ca qu trnh chng ninh Tin hnh chng ninh 5 mu ht iu nhum gi vi khi lng mi mu l 1g; 5g; 10g; 15g v 20g ng bp cch thu nhit 98 0C trong 10h v i th tch du b Meizan l 100ml. Sau , pha long cc dch chit 25 ln o cc gi tr mt quang ca cc dung dch chit bng phng php UV-Vis. Kt qu c th hin bng 4 v hnh 5.
Bng 4. Mt quang ca cc dch chit

(nm)

Mt quang (A) Mu 1(1g) Mu 2 (5g) Mu 3(10g) Mu 4 (15g) Mu 5 (20g) 0,716 0,556 0,931 0,742 1,056 0,838 1,767 1,483 1,763 1,400

464 496

T l rn lng ti u l 15/100 tng ng vi cc gi tr mt quang l 1,767 (bc sng 464nm) v 1,483 (bc sng 496 nm). Biu din gi tr mt quang 1,767 ln th ng chun hnh 3 v gi tr mt quang 1,483 ln th hnh 4 thu c cc th tng ng hnh 6, 7. Hai th ny cho thy nng ca bixin trong dch chit mu th nghim 15g l 0,00216M.
2.673

4 5 3

(1): Mu 1 (1g) (2): Mu 2 (5g)

Mt quang
1.735 1.651

2.243

Mt quang

(3): Mu 3 (10g) (4): Mu 4 (15g)

(0.00216,1.767)

1.469 1.392

(0.00216,1.483)

2
1

1.054

0.899

0.645

0.541

0.00075 0.00153 0.00189 0.00228 0.00306

Nng bixin

0.00075 0.00153 0.00189 0.00228

0.00306

Nng bixin

Hnh 5. Ph hp th phn t ca cc dch chit

Hnh 6. Nng ca bixin trong dch chit mu 15g tng ng vi gi tr mt quang 1,767

Hnh 7. Nng ca bixin trong dch chit mu 15g tng ng vi gi tr mt quang 1,483

Vy, nng ca bixin trong dch chit ban u l 0,00216 x 25 = 0,054 M Khi lng bixin trong dch chit m = 0,054 x 0,1 x 394,25 = 2,129 (g) Hm lng bixin chit c so vi khi lng ht iu nhum kh ban u:
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TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 1(30).2009

m bixin 2,129 = 100%=14,19% m 15

Hm lng bixin chit c (so khi lng ht iu nhum kh ban u) l 14,19%. 3.3.2. Kho st nh hng ca thi gian n qu trnh chit Bixin Ly 5g ht iu nhum gi, chng ninh bng bp cch thu nhit 980C trong cc thi gian khc nhau: 4h, 6h, 8h, 10h, 12h trong 100ml du Meizan. Tng t nh th nghim kho st t l rn lng ti u, cc dch chit c pha long 25 n v o ph UV -Vis. Kt qu ca php o c th hin bng 5 v l hnh 8.
Bng 5. Mt quang ca dch chit cc thi gian chng khc nhau

(nm)

Mt quang (A) Mu (4h) 0,722 0,539 Mu (6h) 0,923 0.710 Mu (8h) 0,944 0,754 Mu (10h) 1,928 1,621 Mu (12h) 1,305 0.998

464 496

Thi gian chng ninh t i u l 10 h tng ng vi mt quang l 1,928 ( bc sng 464nm) v 1,621 ( bc sng 496 nm). Biu din cc gi tr mt quang 1,621 ln ng chun hnh 3 v 1,928 ln ng chun hnh 4 thu c cc th tng ng hnh 9 v 10. Hai th ny cho thy nng ca bixin trong dch chit mu th nghim 10h l 0,00234M.
2.243

(1): Mu 4h
Mt quang

2.673

(2): Mu 6h (3): Mu 8h (4): Mu 10h (5): Mu 12h

(0.00234,1.621)

Mt quang

1.469 1.392

(0.00234,1.928) 1.735 1.651

5 3 2 1

0.899

1.054

0.541

0.645

0.00075 0.00153 0.00189 0.00228 0.00306

0.00075 0.00153 0.00189 0.00228 0.00306

Nng bixin

Nng bixin

Hnh 8. Ph hp th phn t ca cc dch chit

Hnh 9. Nng bixin trong Hnh 10. Nng bixin trong dch chit mu 10h tng ng dch chit mu 10h tng ng vi gi tr mt quang 1,621 vi gi tr mt quang 1,928

T hnh 9 v 10, nng ca bixin trong dch chit mu phn tch 10h c pha long 25 ln l 0,00234M. Vy, nng ca bixin trong dch chit ban u l 0,00234 x 25 = 0,0585 M.
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TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 1(30).2009

Khi lng bixin trong dch chit m = 0,0585 x 0,1 x 394,25 = 2,3063 (g). Hm lng bixin chit c so vi khi lng ht iu nhum kh ban u:
m bixin 2,306 = 100%=15,37% m 15

4. Kt lun Nhm tc gi nghin c thnh cng quy trnh s dng dung mi du thc u phm l Meizan tch cht mu l bixin t ht iu nhum vi hiu sut cao nht l 15,37%. iu kin thch hp ca quy trnh ny l: T l khi lng ht iu nhu m (g)/th tch dung mi du Meizan (ml) (15/100); nhit 980C; thi gian chit l 10 gi. TI LIU THAM KHO [1] C.T.S. Antonio, M.B.O. Ldia , Antigenotoxic and antimutagenic potential of an annatto pigment (norbixin) against oxidative stress, Genet. Mol. Res. 4 (1): 94-99 (2005). [2] A.Z. Mercadante, A. Steck and H. Pfander, Isolation and structure elucidation of minor carotenoids from annato (Bixa Orellana L.), (Department of chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse3, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland), Received 9 April 1997. [3] A.Z. Mercadante, A. Steck and H. Pfander, Isolation and Indentification of New Apocarotenoitds from Annatto (Bixa orellana) Seeds, J. Agric. Food Chem. 1997, No. 45. [4] J. S. Michael, A.W. Lesley, P.A. Graeme, Analysis of Annatto (Bixa orellana) Food Coloring Formulations, J. Agric. Food Chem. 1998, No.46.

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