MC LC TT Li ni u Mc lc Chng I: Nguyn l & k thut thng tin in thoi I Nguyn l thng tin in thoi 1.

Cc c tuyn v tham s ca m thanh ting ni. 2. C s la chn bng tn in thoi 3. Khi nim v nguyn l ca thng tin in thoi II Cc c kin trong my in thoi 1. Cc loi bin i in - thanh (ng ni ) 2. ng nghe 3. a pht m III Cc phng php gi s ca my in thoi n phm 1. Cu to bn phm 2- Phng php pht s ch pulse 3- Phng php pht s ch tone 4- Kt lun IV Cc mch in trong my in thoi n phm 1. Mch chng qu p 2. Mch chng o cc 3. Mch thu chung 4. Mch m thoi 5. Mch pht s V H thng cordless phone 1./ C s thng tin v tuyn. 2. S khi h thng cordless phone v nguyn l hot ng BI TP CHNG I Bi Tp I : My in thoi n phm I. My in thoi SIEMENS 802 Model 3
Trang 1

Ni dung

Trang 1 2 5 5 5 5 7 8 8 11 11 12 12 14 15 16 16 16 17 18 27 31 33 33 68 77 77 77

II. My in thoi n phm NEC 42-S III- My in thoi SINOCA ST-132 IV. My in thoi PANASONIC KX-T2315-1 V. My in thoi GOLDSTAR GS 5140 VI. My in thoi BT 930 (13 b nh) VII. My in thoi RANDIX PH320C (khng kho) VIII. My in thoi NITSUKO ST 5E-1L IX. Mt s pan c th c phn tch trn s . 1. My in thoi SIEMENS 802 Model 3 2. My in thoi NITSUCO ST 5E- 1L Bi tp II: Thc hnh v h thng corless phone CHNG II THNG TIN IN BO I Tng quan v nguyn l thng tin in bo 1. Khi nim : 2. S khi thng bo gia 2 trm 3. Cc loi m dng trong thng tin in bo: II Khi nim v h thng FAX 1. Khi nim: 2. Phn loi III IV Nguyn l truyn nh tnh S khi & hot ng ca h thng my Fax 1/ S khI & chc nng cc khi 2/ Lung tn hiu nh khi gi ( pht ) bc facsimile 3/ Lung tn hiu hnh nh khi thc hin thu bc facsimile : 3/ Lung tn hiu nh khi thc hin coppy (sao chp) Bi tp chng II: Bi tp thc hnh v my Fax I II Gi thiu chc nng mt s phm, kho, nt c bn Hng dn lp t v ci t cc thng s c bn MY FAX CANON FAX-450 1. Cc thao tc c bn: 2. Ci t a ch u trang Fax:
Trang 2

82 86 92 96 100 106 111 115 115 116 117 119 119 119 119 120 122 122 123 123 123 123 126 128 130 132 132 136 136 136 138

3. Ci t ngy gi: 4. Ci t ch nhn Fax: 5. Ci t s in thoi vo b nh: 6. In bo co(Report) sau khi Fax: MY FAX PANASONIC KX-F2581 BX 1. Cc thao tc c bn: 2. Ci t ngy-gi: 3. Ci t h hiu ca my Fax: (Logo) 4. Ci t ch t ng nhn Fax: 5. Ci t nhn Fax nhn cng: 6. Ci t s hi chung t ng kt ni nhn Fax: 7. Hn gi gi Fax: 8. Ci t s in thoi vo b nh: 9. Gi Fax bng s in thoi trong b nh: 2. Lp t my Fax: 3. Bo dng my fax: III Hng dn x l mt s hng hc n gin Ti liu tham kho

140 141 141 143 144 144 144 145 146 146 146 147 148 148 148 149 149 151

CHNG I NGUYN L V K THUT THNG TIN IN THOI I/ NGUYN L THNG TIN IN THOI 1. CC C TUYN V THAM S CA M THANH TING NI.

Trang 3

a) Ngun gc m thanh: Ta gy dy n, g vo mt trng... dy n, mt trng s rung ln v pht ra m thanh. S tay vo mng loa, khi loa ang pht ra m thanh ta thy mng loa rung ng. Vy m thanh l do vt th dao ng c hc to nn, m thanh pht ra di dng sng m. b) Bng tn ting ni: Qua nghin cu, ngi ta thy rng ting ni ca con ngi l loi m thanh phc tp, gm nhiu n m to nn c gii hn trong khong tn s t 80Hz 10.000Hz. c) c tuyn nng lng ting ni Nng lng ting ni con ngi phn b khng u trong di tn t 80 10.000Hz m bng thc nghim ngi ta v c c tuyn nng lng ting ni nh sau hnh 1.1: Wa (dB)

10.00 f (Hz) 80 300 8001000 3400 0 Hnh 1.1: c tuyn nng lng ting ni Qua c tuyn nng lng ting ni, ta thy nng lng ting ni hu ht tp trung trong khong tn s t 300 3400Hz, cn ngoi khong tn s nng lng ting ni c phn b rt t. 2. C S LA CHN BNG TN IN THOI a) c tnh tai ngi - Kh nng cm th v bin : Tai ngi c kh nng phn bit c 2500 m trm bng khc nhau, phn bit c 130 mc to nh khc nhau, mi mc cch nhau 1dB. - Kh nng cm th v tn s: Tai ngi c th nghe c nhng m thanh di tn t 16 20.000Hz, cn nhng m thanh di 16Hz gi l h m, trn 20.000Hz gi l siu m th tai ngi u khng c kh nng thu nhn
Trang 4

Nh vy tai ngi c kh nng cm th v tn s v cm th v bin . Tai ngi khng ch c kh nng thu nhn ring tng m m cn c kh nng thu c cc m tng hp, phn bit c ging ni ca tng ngi b) c tuyn h ng cong ng m (c tuyn Phone)

Hnh 1.2 : H ng cong ng m miu t c tnh ca tai ngi, ngi ta thng dng c tuyn h ng cong ng m. Trn mt ng cong d tn s v cng khc nhau nhng tai ngi vn c nghe r nh nhau. n v o mc to nh ch quan ca tai ngi gi l "Phone". Cng mt bin th nhng tn hiu c tn s cng dch gn khong tn s t 300 n 3400 Hz th ta nghe cng r. Cng mt tn s th tn hiu no c bin cng ln th ta nghe cng r. H ng cong ng m c biu th trn hnh 1.2. Qua h ng cong chng ta thy rng cc ng cong ng m u vng xung gia. iu ni ln khong tn s t 300 3400Hz tai ngi nghe nhy nht. c) Yu cu ca thng tin in thoi Cht lng ca in thoi c nh gi bng r, hiu v tnh trung thc. - r: L t s phn trm gia s phn t ting ni nhn ng u thu trn tng s ting ni truyn t u pht. V d: Ta ni vo in thoi 50 t m i phng ch nghe c 45 t th r l:
45 x100 = 90% % 50

- hiu : hiu tu thuc vo r v tnh ch quan ca tng ngi. Thng thng r t 85% th hiu rt tt, nu r gim di 70% th hiu rt km.
Trang 5

- Tnh trung thc: L cc ging ni m ngi nghe nhn bit ng khi c truyn t qua in thoi. Song trong thng tin in thoi tnh trung thc yu cu khng cao lm. Theo thng k ting ni ca con ngi truyn qua di bng tn t 500 2000Hz th ngi nghe hon ton nghe r. Song bng tn cng m rng ting ni cng trung thc, cht lng m thanh cng cao song khi yu cu v k thut sn xut my mc, thit b cng phc tp, s lng ng thng ghp c trn mt ng truyn gim nn chi ph cho mt cuc gi in thoi tng ln cao. Cn c vo nhng yu t trn m bng tn truyn dn ca thng tin in thoi hin nay ngi ta chn t 300 3400Hz. 3. KHI NIM V NGUYN L CA THNG TIN IN THOI a) Khi nim : Thng tin in thoi l qu trnh truyn a ting ni t ni ny n ni khc bng tn hiu in thng qua my in thoi. b) Mch in c bn: My in thoi l thit b u cui ca mng thng tin in thoi. Qu trnh truyn thng tin c minh ho nh sau: ( hnh 1.3 ) ng dy b Tx M
+ _ E
23 19 R2 7 R5 4 C3 5 C3 6 R3 6 R3 5 C3 7

a T Rx

Mch in thoi c bn gm: - ng ni (Tx, M) - ng nghe (T, Rx) - ng dy (a, b) - ngun in (E)

Hnh 1.3 Mch in c bn c) Nguyn l lm vic Khi ta ni trc ng ni ca my in thoi, dao ng m thanh ca ting ni s tc ng vo mng rung ca ng ni v ng ni xut hin mt tn hiu in bin i. Tn hiu in ny c truyn qua ng dy ti ng nghe ca my i phng lm cho mng rung ca ng nghe dao ng, lp khng kh trc mng rung dao ng theo, pht ra m thanh tc ng n tai ngi nghe. Qu trnh truyn dn ngc li cng tng t. II/ CC C KIN TRONG MY IN THOI N PHM 1. CC LOI BIN I IN - THANH (NG NI )

Trang 6

ng ni c nhim v bin dao ng m thanh tc ng vo ng ni thnh tn hiu in c tn s, bin tng ng vi p lc m thanh.

Tx M Tx:Transmitter

M: Micro

Hnh 1.4 K hiu ca ng ni ng ni thng c k hiu trong s nh hnh 1.4: a- ng ni tnh in (loi t) - Cu to Gm 2 tm kim loi lm in cc: 1 tm dao ng t do lm mng rung, 1 tm c nh lm tm . Gia 2 tm kim loi l cht in mi c bit, hnh thnh t in c in dung l C, c kh nng tch gi mt in tch khng i l Q. (h nh 1.5) Mng rung (Cc trc) in mi Tm (Cc sau) a E R

Hnh 1.5: Cu to ca ng ni tnh in (loi t) - Nguyn l lm vic Khi ni trc ng ni, p lc m thanh tc ng vo mng rung, lm cho mng rung dao ng theo tn s v bin ca m thanh.
oS . Trong o: hng s a+ X in mi tuyt i, l hng s in mi ca cht in mi. S: din tch bn t, a: khong cch gia 2 bn t; X = xm e jt : l s dao ng ca mng rung khi c p lc

Gi tr in dung ca t in c xc nh: C =

m thanh tc ng vo mng rung ( cc trc ); xm: bin m thanh; j t: gc pha

Trang 7

V khong cch gia 2 tm bn cc thay i mt lng l x nn gi tr in dung ca t thay i v c dng in phng, np qua t c tnh theo biu thc:
iC = dq dt

. Trong q l lng in tch c tch gi trn 2 m t: q = c uo

dq dcuo dc = = uo dt dt dt

Do : iC =

Dng in ny phn nh bn cht ca ting ni, n c gi tr rt nh do tr khng ca ng ni rt ln. Dng in c a ti u vo b khuch i pht, nng cao mc in, a ln ng dy ti i phng. - c im: ng ni tnh in c tr khng rt ln nn phi hp tr khng ngi ta thng u vo b khuch i pht bng transistor trng v n c tr khng vo ln. b- ng ni p in (ng ni thch anh) - Cu to: Gm: (1) tm tinh th thch anh, barium titanate, polymer bn tinh th. (2) Tm kim loi lm mng rung (cc trc). (3) Tm kim loi lm (cc D sau). (4) V bo v. (5) Np y.(6) cc in cc. (hnh 1.6) 5 2 1 3 4 6

Hnh 1.6: Cu to ng ni p in (ng ni thch anh) - Nguyn l lm vic Khi ta ni trc ng ni, p lc m thanh thng qua cc khe h ca np y tc ng vo mng rung lm mng rung dao ng. Theo tnh cht p in thun ca thch anh, trn b mt ca tm thch anh xut hin mt in p (c tn s v bin ph hp vi p lc m thanh). in p ny c thng qua cc in cc a ti u vo b khuch i pht nng cao mc in a ln ng dy,ti i phng.

Trang 8

- c im: ng ni p in c tr khng ln, kch thc tng i nh v nhy kh cao , cht lng m thanh chp nhn c nhng chu chn ng c hc km. c- ng ni in ng (Micro in ng) - Cu to: Gm: (1): Np y, (2): Cc l thng khng kh bn ngoi vi bn trong ng ni, (3): V bo v, (4): Cc in cc vo, (5): Nam chm vnh cu, (6): Cun dy, (7): Mng rung, (8): Khe t, (9): Mng chng m. (hnh 1.7) 2 7 6 N S 9 8 N 3 5 4 (b)

(a)

Hnh 1.7: Cu to ca ng ni in ng (Micro in ng) - Nguyn l lm vic: Khi ta ni trc ng ni, p lc m thanh thng qua cc khe h ca np y tc ng vo mng rung lm cho mng rung dao ng (v mng rung gn cht vi m che bi v cun dy) nn cun dy cng dao ng theo. Mt khc, do cun dy t trong t trng u ca nam chm vnh cu. Theo nh lut cm ng in t th trong cun dy xut hin mt sc in ng cm ng. Sc in ng ny c tn s v bin ph hp vi p lc m thanh v c a ti u vo b khuch i pht, nng cao mc in, a ln ng dy, ti i phng. - c im ng ni in ng c tr khng nh nn phi hp tr khng ngi ta thng u vo b khuch i pht bng transistor lng cc. ng ni in ng khi lm vic khng cn cp ngun mt chiu. 2. NG NGHE - ng nghe c nhim v bin i dao ng in thnh dao ng m thanh a n tai ngi nghe. T: telephone Rx: receive
Trang 9

T, RX

Hnh 1.8: K hiu ca ng nghe

- K hiu: hnh 1.8 a- ng nghe p in - Cu to: hnh 1.6 V nguyn l c cu to hon ton ging ng ni p in nhng kch thc, hnh dng c th ln hn. - Nguyn l lm vic Khi c tn hiu in m thanh t b khuch i thu a ti 2 cc ca ng nghe t vo b mt ca 2 cc thch anh. Theo tnh cht p in ngc ca thch anh, tm tinh th thch anh dao ng lm cho mng rung dao ng, tc ng ti lp khng kh trc mng rung dao ng theo pht ra m thanh a n tai ngi nghe. b- ng nghe in ng (loa) - Cu to: hnh 1.7 V nguyn l c cu to hon ton ging ng ni in ng nhng kch thc v hnh dng c th ln hn v khng c mng chng m. - Nguyn l lm vic Trng thi tnh: khi cha c tn hiu in m thanh ti cun dy th xung quanh cun dy c t trng u ca nam chm vnh cu, ng nghe cha lm vic. Trng thi ng: khi c tn hiu in m thanh ti 2 u cun dy, trn cun dy xut hin dng in m thanh, xung quanh cun dy s c t trng ca dng in m thanh. T trng ca dng in tng tc vi t trng ca nam chm vnh cu to ra t lc tc ng vo cun dy, lm cun dy dao ng, ko mng rung dao ng theo, lp khng kh trc mng rung dao ng pht ra m thanh, a n tai ngi nghe. 3. A PHT M a- Nhim v a pht m c nhim v bin dao ng in thnh dao ng m thanh.(ting chung ) b- K hiu: Hnh 1.9
(PIEZO)

Hnh 1.9: K hiu a pht m

c- Cu to a pht m c ch to da vo mt s vt liu c tnh cht p in nh thch anh, ceramic, barium titanate, polymer bn tinh th...
Trang 10

Ngi ta dng ceramic ch to thnh a mng sau dng keo epoxy dn ln trn mt bng ng thau. Trn a ln c 1 a nh ly tn hiu hi tip.(hnh 1.10) a nh bng ceramc 3 a ln bng Chn ni ra 2 ceramc 1 bng ng thau Keo dn Epoxy

ng cpC pht s tng ng.

Hnh 1.10: cu to a pht m Khi c in p tn hiu m tn a vo hai chn 1 v 2 t ln hai mt a ln, cht keramic s co gin theo s bin i ca in p lm cho a ln b un cong dao ng theo quy lut bin thin ca in p a vo. S dao ng s to ra m thanh. Khi a ln dao ng, a nh gn trn a ln dao ng theo. Theo tnh cht p in thun ca keramic, trn b mt ca a nh xut hin mt in p, in p ny theo dy 2 v 3 a hi tip dng tr v u vo b to dao ng m tn duy tr dao ng. e- Ch Thc t trong nhng my c mch to dao ng bng transistor u s dng a pht m c cu to nh trnh by trn, cn cc my in thoi bn, my in thoi v tuyn ko di, my in thoi di ng c mch to dao ng bng IC nn a pht m khng c a nh (ch c hai dy ra 1 v 2). III/ CC PHNG PHP PHT S CA MY IN THOI N PHM 1. CU TO BN PHM S thay i u tin gn lin vi tn gi ca my in thoi n phm chnh l bn phm. Bn phm pht s nh nhng, khng gy ting n, c kh nng thu nh. Bn phm c nhim v nhn tc ng n phm ca ngi s dng kch hot vo IC pht s pht tn hiu chn s ti tng i. a- Cu to ca 1 phm
Trang 11

d- Nguyn l lm vic

Cc phm c cu to gm 2 loi nh hnh 1.11 bao gm: mt nt n bng nha cng pha trn c ghi s, k hiu tng ng vi v tr ca phm n. Pha di nt n nha l 1 tm cao su c n hi tt, gn pha di cao su l tm than (1 tm hoc 2 tm) (xem hnh v 1.11). i din vi tm than, trn mch in l tip im ci rng lc bng vt liu dn in tt tng tip xc (thng lm bng ng) Nt n bng nha cng trn c ghi s Tm than Cao su c n hi tt Tm than

Ni vi hng

Mch in

Ni vi hng Ni vi ct Hnh 1.11: Cu to ca mt phm

Ni vi ct

Khi n nt, tm than s tip xc ng tip im hng v ct tng ng vi con s va n bo cho mch m ho trong IC pht s bit c phm c n. Khi thi n, nh sc n hi ca cao su, tm than tch ri tip im v trng thi ngh. b- Bn phm Bn phm c 2 loi: 1 loi 4 hng 3 ct & 1 loi 4 hng 4 ct b tr nh hnh 1.12. * Chc nng cc phm : + Cc phm c ghi cc s t 0, 1,...., 9 l cc phm n n pht tn hiu chn s a ch. + Cc phm *, # l cc phm n khai thc cc dch v ca tng i. + Cc phm A, B, C, D l cc phm khai thc cc dch v khc. * Cu to ma trn tip im : hnh 1.13.

ct 1
hng 1 1 2 3 hng 2 4 5 6 hng 3 7 8 9 hng 4 * 0 # a. loi 4 hng 3 ct 1 4 7 *

ct 2

ct 3

ct 4
A B C D

2 3 5 6 8 9 0 # Trang 12loi 4 hng 4 ct b.

Hnh: 1.12 Cu to bn phm

Ti chn IC pht s

Hnh 1.13: Ma trn tip im ca bn phm Cc hng v cc ct c ni ti cc chn IC pht s tng ng. 2- PHNG PHP PHT S CH PULSE (dng m thp phn) a) Cu to m thp phn - Hnh 1.14 m t biu thi gian khi n s 32: - di 1 chu k xung T = 100ms Trong :Xung khng dng = 2/3T = 60 67ms Xung c dng = 1/3T = 40 33ms - Khong thi gian ngh gia cc s l 1T = 100ms ( c dng )
3T 1T

I
1T 1T

1T

2T

t t Nhc Thi n s 2 Trng thi n s 3 t hp t/h gian ch m thoi ch ca my ngh gia chung cc s b) Nguyn1.14: Biu thi gian ca xung thp phn khi n s 32 Hnh l gi s Khi n phm IC pht s lm vic a dng xung thp phn c s chu k xung tng ng vi phm c n ra chn m xung (Dp).
Trang 13

V d: n phm s 1 th IC a ra 1 chu k xung,n phm s 2 th IC a ra 2 chu k xung....n phm s 0 th IC a ra 10 chu k xung c) Nhn xt - u im: Cu to m n gin, s dng c c a quay s. S dng c cc loi tng i t ng (in c tng nc, ngang dc, in t analog, in t digital). - Nhc im: Tc pht s chm. V d: khi cn gi s 842270 th dng s pht ti tng i mt 3800ms=3,8s. 3- PHNG PHP PHT S CH TONE ( dng m DTMF) a) Cu to m DTMF Khi n 1 phm bt k, IC pht ra 1 tn hiu gm t hp 2 sng hnh sin m tn c tn s tng ng vi hng v ct ca phm c n c di l 40ms. Khong cch gia cc s l 40ms. V d: khi cn gi s 842270 th dng s pht ti tng i mt 440ms = 0,44s. b) Nguyn l - Khi thit k mch pht s ch tone ngi ta gn vi cc hng v cc ct vi cc tn s tng ng. C th nh sau: Gn vi cc hng l nhm tn s thp: Hng 1: f1 = 697Hz, hng 2: f2 = 770Hz, hng 3: f3 = 852Hz, hng 4: f4 = 941Hz. Gn vi cc ct l nhm tn s cao: Ct 1: F1 = 1209Hz, ct 2: F2 = 1336Hz, ct 3: F3 = 1447Hz, ct 4: F4 = 1633Hz. - Khi n phm IC pht s lm vic, a ra chn m dng DTMF ( Dt ) l mt tn hiu gm t hp 2 sng hnh sin m tn c tn s tng ng vi hng v ct ca phm c n. V d: khi n phm s 5 th IC pht s a ra chn m Dt mt tn hiu gm t hp 2 sng hnh sin m tn c tn s f2 = 770Hz v F2 = 1336Hz. - tng i sau khi nhn c t hp tn hiu ny, n s tin hnh phn tch v gii m xc nh ra con s m thu bao n. c) Nhn xt - u im: tc pht s nhanh
Trang 14

- Nhc im: m DTMF ch s dng c tng i in t digital, cn cc loi tng i khc khng s dng c v cc loi tng i khc khng c b phn tch, gii m DTMF. 4- KT LUN tn dng c u im ca cc phng thc gi s v gip ngi s dng thun tin, bo m tnh kinh doanh ca nh sn xut nn trong my in thoi n phm ngi ta thit k c 2 phng thc gi s (dng ch pulse v dng ch tone). Mun s dng phng thc gi s no ngi ta ch cn chuyn kho chn phng thc gi s (P-T) v pha . IV/ CC MCH IN TRONG MY IN THOI N PHM 1. MCH CHNG QU P R 0 a/ Mch in: Hnh1.15T D1 D2 R (a) Vo my R (b) T R0 Vo my R
(c)

R0
Vo my

ZNR

(a) mch chng qu p dng diode Zene (b) mch chng qu p dng SIDAC (c) mch chng qu p dng DIAC Hnh 1.15: Mch chng qu p b/ Nguyn l lm vic - Khi trn ng dy thu bao c in p - 48V t tng i a n in p ngng ca mch bo v qu p th tr khng ca mch rt ln, l tng Z = nn khng c dng qua mch bo v qu p m ton b c cp cho cc mch in trong my lm vic. - Khi c in p l (st, in lc ...) xm nhp vo ng dy thu bao c in p rt ln hn in p ngng ca mch bo v qu p th diode ZENER, SIDAC, DIAC b nh thng ngn mch u vo. Khi dng in trn ng dy tng ln gy st p trn in tr R0 rt ln lm cho in tr b chy, h mch u vo, bo v an ton cho cc c kin trong my. 2. MCH CHNG O CC a-Mch chng o cc bng cu diode - Mch in: Hnh 1.16
Trang 15

T ZNR R

D4 D3

D1 D2

A Rt

B Hnh 1.16: Mch chng o cc bng cu diode - Nguyn l lm vic Nu in p ngun t tng i a n trn 2 dy T, R c th dy T (+), dy R (-) th D1 v D3 phn cc thun nn thng; D2 v D4 phn cc ngc nn tt. C dng cp cho Rt theo mch: (+) dy T D1 A Rt B D3 dy R (-) gy st p trn tr khng Rt: (+) A v (-) B. Nu in p ngun t tng i a n trn 2 dy T, R c th dy T (-), dy R (+) th D2, D4 c phn cc thun nn thng ; D1 v D3 phn cc ngc nn tt. C dng cp cho ti theo mch: (+) dy R D2 A Rt B D4 dy T (-) gy st p trn tr khng Rt: (+) A v (-) B. - Kt lun: mc d th dy T (+), dy R (-) hoc dy T (-), dy R (+) nhng sau khi qua mch chng o cc th th A lun lun (+) v th B lun lun (-) bo m cc tnh ngun cp cho my khng i (c nh). - Nhn xt + u im: n gin, d lp t v sa cha, gi thnh h. + Nhc im: chim din tch trong my ln, khi lm vic st p trn mi diode ln (0,75V) nh vy st p trn mch l 1,5V, vn ny s gy nh hng ti cht lng ca my i vi nhng my qu xa tng i. b/ Mch chng o cc bng IC - Mch in: Hnh 1.17 Ngi ta chn R sao cho cc Q lm vic ch chuyn mch. (ch D) T (+) (-) - Nguyn l lm vic IC Q4 Q3 R (-) (+)
Trang 16

Q1 +A Q2 Rt -B

Hnh 1.17: Mch chng o cc bng IC

Nu in p t tng i a n trn 2 dy T, R c th dy T (+), dy R (-) th Q1, Q3 phn cc thun nn thng ; Q2 v Q4 phn cc ngc nn tt. C dng cp cho my theo mch (+) dy T Q1 A Rt B Q3 dy R (-) gy st p trn tr khng Rt: (+) A v (-) B. Nu dy T (-), dy R (+) th Q 2, Q4 phn cc thun nn thng; Q1, Q3 phn cc ngc nn tt. C dng cp cho my theo mch (+) dy R Q2 A Rt B Q4 T (-) gy st p trn tr khng Rt: (+) A v (-) B. Kt lun: D th dy T (+) hay (-) v dy R (-) hay (+) nhng sau khi qua mch chng o cc th th A lun lun (+) v th B lun lun (-) bo m cc tnh ngun cp cho my khng i. - Nhn xt + u im: Nh, gn, chim t din tch trong my. Khi lm vic st p trn mi transistor nh (0,2V) nn st p trn ton mch bng 0,4V; Rt thch hp cho cc my t xa tng i. + Nhc im: gi thnh cao v khi hng mt linh kin trong IC l phi thay th c IC. 3. MCH THU CHUNG 3.1. Mch thu chung bng Transistor

C1 R1 T a. Mch in: Hnh 1.18

D2

ZD R2 R4 Q1 PIEZO R3
Trang 17

D1 R

C2 C3

Hnh 1.18: Mch thu chung bng Transistor

b. Tc dng linh kin - C1: Ngn dng mt chiu, dn tn hiu chung h tn, ng thi kt hp vi R1 to thnh mch phi hp tr khng gia ng dy v mch thu chung. - D1: Ngn mch na chu k tn hiu chung h tn. - D2: Nn ngun chung h tn thnh ngun mt chiu. - ZD: Chng tn hiu gi gi - C2: T lc ngun - R2, R3: nh thin phn p cho Q1. - PIEZO: a pht m - bin tn hiu chung m tn thnh ting chung. - C3: T thot thnh phn xoay chiu khng cn thit trn R3 Q1 lm vic n nh. -Q1: Transistor khuch i dao ng. c. Nguyn l lm vic Khi c tn hiu chung h tn t tng i a n trn 2 dy tip ring, gi s na chu k u tn hiu chung h tn c th dng dy Ring (R), th m dy Tip (T) th D2 b phn cc mgc nn tt, D1 c phn cc thun nn dn. D1 dn s ni tt u vo ca mch thu chung nn mch thu chung cha lm vic. na chu k sau ca tn hiu chung h tn c th dng dy Tip (T), m dy Ring th D 1 b phn cc ngc nn tt, D2 c phn cc thun nn dn. Tn hiu chung h tn thng qua C1, R1 c D2 nn thnh ngun mt chiu, thng qua ZD, c C2 lc, cp ngun cho Q1 lm vic. Q1 to dao ng chung m tn khuch i tn hiu chung T m tn ra 2 u a ln ca a pht m, a pht m pht ra ting chung bo cho ch thu bao bit c cuc gi ti. ng thi khi a ln dao ng th a nh cng dao ng theo. Theo nguyn l p in thun ca thch anh, trn a nh s xut hin mt in p ng pha vi tn hiu pht sinh u vo Q1, a hi tip dng v u vo Q1 duy tr dao ng.

Trang 18

Hnh 1.19: S khi ca IC chung dng cho mch c cu nn in 3.2. Mch thu chung dng IC a. IC chung dng cho mch c cu nn in bn ngoi -Mch in: Hnh 1.19 m t s khi ca IC chung dng cho mch c cu nn in bn ngoi. - Chc nng cc khi + BIAS CKTS: khi t ng iu chnh ngun 1 chiu (DC) cp cho cc phn t tch cc trong IC. + Threshold Detector: ca vo b tch sng + OSC: b to dao ng to ra dao ng c tn s 8KHZ + 8/10: b chia 8 hoc chia 10 ly dao ng 1000 hoc 800Hz. + 640: b chia 640 ly tn hiu 12,5Hz + OUTPUT BUFFER: b khuch i m ra - Nguyn l lm vic

C3 C4 R3 7V 22 V TRF TRI TR S AC 1

Trang 19

Tn hiu h tn t tng i a n trn hai dy tip-ring (T-R) thng Dio de qua C1- R1 t vo hai u cu nn D1 - D4 c in p khong 30V, c cu nn, nn Brig thnh ngun 1 chiu, c C2 lc, ZD1 n nh, in p 1 chiu khong 21V cp e SCR ngun cho cc phn t tch cc trong IC lm vic. B to dao ng c cp ngun Tra nsie kt hp vi R3C3 v R4C4 to ra dao ng chun c tn s 8KHZ. Dao ng ny ng nt cla thi c a ti 2 b chia. B chia 8 hoc chia 10 ly dao ng 1000Hz hoc mp 800Hz v b chiaOsc ly dao ng 12,5Hz. Hai dao ng ny ng thi c a 640 ilat ti b khuch i or u ra nng cao mc in a ra a pht m (PIEZO) hoc m OUt loa. a pht m put hoc loa pht ra mt m thanh, bo cho ch thu bao bit c cuc buff er gi ti. b. Mch thu chun bng IC ,c cu nn in bn ngoi, dng a pht m -. Mch in nguyn l: Hnh 1.20: R0 R ZNR C1
War ble Freq uen cy Divi der Ton e Freq uen cy Divi der

2 PIE ZO TR O R R2 C1 R1 chung

D1-D4 Vo cc mch trong my

D5 D8 Thre B shol
d com para tor

R1

A ZD1 C 2 41 R5

H L

Ringer

BIA S

OFF

-. + +

+ C1: Ngn dng 1 chiu v dn tn hiu chung h tn OUT

PUT

TRC 3 7 5 6 C 2 3 TRC 1 C4 R4 TRO C2 C1 R1 Hnh1.20: Mch thu chung dng bng IC, c D1 D dng a pht m 4 ZD1 Tc dng R3 linh kin cc C3 TRI R0 v ZNR: Mch chng qu p C4 R4 D1 D4: Cu chng o cc TRS TRF
BUF FER

R R 3

IC

PIEZO

cu nn in bn ngoi,

ENA BLE

Trang 20

6 40

C 8/ 10 BIA S CK TS

+ R1: Gy st p bt dng chung h tn + C1 v R1: phi hp tr khng gia ng dy vi mch thu chung. + D5 D8: cu nn in nn ngun chung h tn thnh ngun 1 chiu. + C2: t lc ngun + ZD1: n nh in p bo v an ton cho IC + R3 - C3 & R4 - C4: tham gia cng mch to dao ng trong IC to ra dao ng chung m tn. + R5: gy st p bt dng chung m tn khi kho Ringer v tr L + Kho Ringer la chn dng chung m tn ra a pht m to hay va hay khng thu chung. + PIEZO: a pht m - Nguyn l lm vic Khi c ngun chung h tn t tng i a n trn hai dy T - R: t dy T a ti 1 u ca cu nn D5 D8 v t dy R qua C1 R1 ti u kia ca cu nn D5 D8. Cu nn D5 D8 nn ngun chung h tn thnh ngun 1 chiu c t C 2 lc v ZD1 n nh, cp dng ngun vo chn 1 IC v m ngun vo chn 5 IC. Ngun 1 chiu ny c a vo cp cho cc phn t tch cc trong IC. B to dao ng trong IC c cp ngun kt hp vi R3, C3 & R4 - C4 to ra dao ng chung m tn a ra chn 8 IC kho Ringer a pht m t chn 5 IC kn mch. a pht m pht ra ting chung bo cho ch thu bao bit c cuc gi ti. c. Mch thu chung bng IC, c cu nn in bn ngoi,dng loa. - Mch in nguyn l: Hnh 1.21 -Tc dng cc linh kin + Ro v ZNR: mch chng qu p + D1 D4: cu chng o cc + C1: t ngn dng 1 chiu v dn dng chung h tn. + R1: in tr gy st bt in p dng chung h tn. + C1 kt hp vi R1 to thnh mch phi hp tr khng gia ng dy vi u vo mch thu chung. + D5 D8: cu nn in nn ngun chung h tn c in p cao khong 90 15V v tn s thp khong 50Hz thnh ngun 1 chiu. + ZD1: n nh in p, bo v an ton cho IC.
Trang 21

+ C2: t lc ngun + IC: phn t to ra dao ng chung m tn + R3 - C3 & R4 - C4: phn t tham gia cng b to dao ng trong IC to ra dao ng chung m tn. + C5: ngn dng 1 chiu v dn tn hiu chung m tn + R5: gy st bt dng chung m tn khi kho Ringer v tr L + Kho Ringer la chn dng chung m tn ra loa to (H) hay va (L) hoc khng thu chung (off). + Bin p m tn phi hp tr khng gia u ra ca b khuch i m tn trong IC vi loa, ngn dng mt chiu qua loa, dn tn hiu chung m tn ra loa. + Loa l ti ca mch thu chung dng bin dng chung m tn thnh ting chung. R T

R0

ZNR

D1 D4 C1 R1 D5 D8 A C2 C5 Vo cc mch trong my

ZD1

R3 C3

8 1 4 IC 6 5 3 7 C4 R4

R5 H L Ringer OFF

Hnh 1.21: Mch thu chung bng IC,c cu nn in bn ngoi, dung loa

- Nguyn l lm vic Khi c ngun chung h tn t tng i a ti trn hai dy T - R: t dy T a ti u B ca cu nn D5 D8 v t dy R qua C1 R1 ti u A ca cu nn D5

Trang 22

D8. Cu nn D5 D8 nn ngun chung h tn thnh ngun 1 chiu c C2 lc v ZD1 n nh, cp dng ngun vo chn 1 IC v m ngun vo chn 5IC. Ngun 1 chiu ny s a vo cp cho cc phn t tch cc trong IC. B to dao ng trong IC c cp ngun kt hp vi R3, C3 v R4, C4 to ra dao ng chung m tn a ra chn 8 IC C5 Ringer cun s cp bin p t chn 5 IC, kn mch. St p trn cun s cp, cm ng sang cun th cp a tn hiu chung m tn ra loa. Loa pht ra ting chung bo hiu cho ch thu bao bit c cuc gi ti. d. IC chung dng cho mch khng cu nn in bn ngoi - S khi: Xem hnh 1.22 - Chc nng cc khi + Khi Diode Brige: cu nn in + Khi 6 Diode, Zener 7V, Zener 22V, SCR & R kt hp vi khi Bias (iu chnh t ng) to thnh mch n nh in p v n nh dng in. + Khi Threshold comparator l khi so snh in p vo. + Khi Oscillator l b to dao ng. + Khi Tone Frequency divider khi chia tn s dng tone (chia 8/10). + Khi Warble Frequency divider khi chia tn s (chia 640). + Khi output buffer l b khuch i m ra. + Khi cc linh kin h tr nh: . C2-R2 tham gia vi b to dao ng trong IC to ra dao ng c tn s 8KHZ. . C3 lc ngun sau khi nn. . R3- C4 l cc phn t tng nhy ca mch thu chung.

Trang 23

Hnh1.22: S khi IC chung dng cho mch khng cu nn in bn ngoi - Nguyn l lm vic Tn hiu chung h tn t tng i a n trn hai dy Tip-Ring thng qua C1R1 t vo 2 chn AC1 v AC2 t vo 2 u cn nn trong IC. Cu nn, nn dng chung h tn thnh dng 1 chiu c C3 lc, dy 6 diode ni tip, diode Zener 7V, diode Zener 22V, SCR v Bias n nh in p v dng in cung cp ngun 1 chiu n nh cho cc phn t tch cc trong IC. Khi c cp ngun, b to dao ng kt hp vi C2 - R2 to ra dao ng 8KHZ. Dao ng ny c a ti b chia. B chia 8 hoc chia 10 ly ra dao ng c tn s 1000Hz hoc 800Hz v b chia 640 ly ra dao ng c tn s 12,5Hz. Hai dao ng ny trn vo nhau c a ti b khuch i m ra nng cao mc in, ri a ra a pht m (PIEZO).

Trang 24

e. Mch thu chung bng IC khng cu nn in bn ngoi, dng a pht m - Mch in nguyn l: Hnh 1.23
R
T T

R0

ZN R

D1 D4 C1 R1

Hnh 1.23: Mch thu chung bng IC Khng c cu nn in bn ngoi,dng a pht m

C2 R2

2 3 4

IC

7 6 5

C3 H Ringe r R3 L OFF PIEZ O

- Tc dng cc linh kin + R v ZNR: to thnh mch chng qu p + D1 D4: to thnh cu chng o cc + IC: thu tn hiu chung h tn, nn tn hiu chung h tn thnh ngun 1 chiu cp cho b to dao ng to ra tn hiu chung m tn. + C1: ngn dng 1 chiu v dn tn hiu chung h tn + R1: gy st bt in p chung h tn + C1 v R1: to thnh mch phi hp tr khng gia ng dy vi mch thu chung. + C2, R2: kt hp vi b to dao ng trong IC to ra tn hiu chung m tn. + C3: t lc ngun + R3: gy st bt in p dng chung m tn khi kho Ringer v tr L. + Kho Ringer la chn dng chung m tn ra a pht m to (H), va L hoc khng thu chung off. + PIEZO: a pht m bin tn hiu chung thnh ting chung. - Nguyn l lm vic Tn hiu chung h tn t tng i a n trn 2 dy T-R. T dy T t vo chn 1 IC v t dy R thng qua C1 R1 t vo chn 8 IC. IC nn ngun chung h tn thnh ngun 1 chiu, c C3 lc, cp ngun 1 chiu cho cc phn t tch cc trong IC. B to dao ng trong IC c cp ngun, kt hp vi C2, R2 to ra dao

Trang 25

ng chung m tn a ra chn 5 IC kho Ringer a pht m chn 2 IC kn mch. a pht m pht ra ting chung bo cho ch thu bao bit c cuc gi ti. 4. MCH M THOI a- S khi: Hnh 1.24 AR D1 D4 C1 b- Tc dng cc khi SW R1 R2 ZNR + R0 v ZNR: mch chng qu p cho my in thoi.
R0 0

Rx

Mch iu Mch + D1 D4: cu chng o cc chnh m xut + Mch iu chnh m lng c nhim v n p v n dng tu theo chiu di lng (AGC) m AT ng dy thu bao, n s cp in iu chnh h s khuch R4 ca C4 khuch i i b pht (AT) v b khuch i thu AR nng cao r ca cuc m thoi. + Mch xut m: l tng khuch i cng sut ting ni a ra ng dy. Hnh 1.24: S khi mch m thoi + R3 ni tip vi R4 song song vi C4 l tr khng cn bng vi tr khng ca ng dy. Mc ch l kh trc m. (Trc m l hin tng ngi ni chuyn in thoi nghe c chnh ting ni ca mnh trong ng nghe, gy cm gic mt mi, kh chu v vy cn phi c mch kh trc m). y mch pht thoi v mch thu thoi nm trn 2 ng cho ca cu sai ng in tr. 4 nhnh ca cu sai ng in tr l: tr khng ng dy (ZL), R1, R2 v tr khng ca mch cn bng (Zb). S tng ng ca mch nh hnh 1.25:

MIC

R3

MCH THU THOI C1 R1 ZL R2 Zb

MCH PHT THOI

Hnh 1.26: S tng ng ca mch thu pht thoi

Trang 26

c- Nguyn l lm vic - Mch pht thoi Tn hiu ting ni t ng ni (MIC) c a ti u vo ca b khuch i. phi hp tr khng vi b khuch i th:Nu dng ng ni tnh in, ng ni p in th mch khuch i dng transistor trng c tr khng vo cao, nu dng ng ni in ng th mch khuch i dng transistor lng cc. Tn hiu sau khi c khuch i c a ti mch xut m khuch i cng sut nng cao mc in. Sau c a ti b t ng iu chnh m lng (AGC) iu chnh h s khuch i cho thch hp tu theo c ly ng dy t my in thoi ti tng i. Tn hiu sau khi c khuch i iu chnh s c a ln ng dy ti i phng. - Mch thu thoi Tn hiu thoi t i phng hoc cc m hiu t tng i a ti mch t ng iu chnh m lng (AGC) sau c a ti b khuch i thu (AR) nng cao mc in a ti ng nghe. d- Mch in nguyn l - Mch in : Hnh 1.26 R0 D1 D4 ZNR A

SW

Q1

4 D5 5 R4 Q2 C1 R3

VR D6

Ti mch thu chung

Ti mch pht s 3 R2 R1

R5 C2 Q3 R6

R7

R8 C3

R9 M

Hnh 1.26: Mch in c bn ca mch m thoi - Tc dng cc linh kin + Q1: n ng m mch vng thu bao (ging kho in t) + Bin p:
Trang 27

. phi hp tr khng gia ng dy vi mch thu - pht thoi, ngn dng mt chiu qua tai nghe (loa). . Kt hp mng cn bng R2, R1, C1 kh trc m. + D5, D6 to thnh mch hn bin bo v an ton cho loa (tai nghe). + VR: iu chnh m lng dng thu thoi ra loa. + R6: in tr nh thin hi tip m dng in mc ni tip cho Q3 + R4, R3: in tr nh thin phn p cho Q2 + R4: in tr nh thin hi tip m in p mc song song cho Q2. + R9, R7: in tr nh thin phn p cho Q3 + R5: in tr ti ca Q3, dn ngun cp cho Q3 + R8: in tr dn ngun cp cho ng ni + C2, C3: t ni tng ( ngn dng mt chiu gia cc tng, dn tn hiu thoi ) + Q3, Q2: khuch i dng pht thoi . Q2: khuch i cng sut n ch A. . Q3: khuch i in p + M: ng ni bin dao ng m thanh thnh tn hiu in. + T: ng nghe bin dao ng in thnh dao ng m thanh. - Nguyn l lm vic Khi nhc t hp m thoi SW ng mch v Q1 thng ng kn mch vng thu bao.( Q1 thng s c phn tch mc 5. Mch pht s) + Dng cp ngun cho ng ni: Dng ngun t mch chng o cc (A) SW Q1 cun 1-2 R8 ng ni t ti m cu chng o cc, kn mch. + Dng pht thoi: khi ni trc ng ni, p lc m thanh tc ng vo ng ni, ng ni bin dao ng m thanh thnh tn hiu in m thanh c tn s v bin ph hp vi p lc m thanh. Tn hiu m thanh t 1 u ng ni C3 cc b Q3 v t u kia ng ni t R6 cc E Q3. Q3 khuch i nng cao mc in a ra chn E-C ca Q3. T cc C Q3 C2 cc b Q2 v t cc E Q3 R6 t cc E Q2. Q2 khuch i nng cao mc in a dng pht thoi ti i phng theo mch: t cc C Q2 cun 2-1 Q1 SW mch chng o cc ng dy i phng ng dy mch chng o cc t cc E Q2, kn mch. + Dng thu thoi: Dng thoi t i phng ng dy mch chng o cc SW Q1 cun 1-2 cun 2-3 R2 R1// C1 t t mch chng o
Trang 28

cc ng dy i phng, kn mch. St p trn cun 1-2-3 cng chiu cm ng sang cun 4-5 a dng thoi ti tai nghe (u 4 VR u 5 kn mch). ng nghe nhn c dng thoi s bin thnh dao ng m thanh (ting ni) a n tai ngi nghe. + Mch kh trc m: Khi pht thoi dng pht thoi t cc C ca Q2: 1 dng i ti i phng l dng pht thoi ng thi cng c 1 dng i t cc C Q2 cun 2-3 R2 R1// C1 t cc E Q2 kn mch. V tr khng R2 ni tip R1 // C1 cn bng vi tr khng ng dy v cun 1-2 bng cun 2-3 nn 2 dng in ny c gi tr bng nhau nhng chy ngc chiu nhau. St p trn cun 2-1 bng st p trn cun 2-3 v ngc chiu nhau nn t trng do chng sinh ra trit tiu ln nhau, do khng c in p cm ng sang cun 4-5. v vy khng c dng trc m vo tai nghe. Nhng thc t do tr khng ng dy lun lun thay i theo thi gian s dng, thi tit, nhit , di... m tr khng cn bng l mt tr s c nh trong my nn 2 dng in qua cun 2-1 v cun 2-3 khng hon ton bng nhau nn t trng do chng sinh ra khng trit tiu ln nhau ht. V vy mc d c mch kh trc m nhng trong my in thoi vn cn trc m. Trong k thut thng tin in thoi yu cu dng trc m bng 1/40 1/20 dng pht thoi l t yu cu. 5. MCH PHT S a- Mch in : Hnh 1.27 b- Tc dng cc linh kin + Ro, ZNR, D1 D4, SW: c tc dng nh mch thu - pht thoi + R11: dn ngun nui b nh + R17: dn ngun khi ng IC pht s + R19: dn ngun cung cp cho IC pht s lm vic + R15, R20,Q6 to thnh mch nh thin phn p cho Q5 + R20: in tr ti Q6 + R12, R13: in tr nh thin phn p cho Q4 + R14 nh thin hi tip m dng in cho Q7

Trang 29

Ti mch thu pht thoi

R0
ZNR

D1 D4

R11 R17 D9
D10

Q7

R23

R24 Dt VDD

Q5 SW R15 R20
Q6 R21
R19

R14
R16

ZD2 C10 C8
Ti mch thu chung

P
LC

T
DP

Bn phm

Q4 R12 R13 C9

C13
C12

CE
OSC1 OSC2

CL

VSS

Ti mch dit ting click

Hnh 1.27: Mch in c bn ca mch pht s

+ R16: in tr ti Q4 + R23, R24: in tr nh thin Q7 + D9, D10: khng nh cc tnh ngun nui IC v ngn dng phng 1 chiu ca C10 khi pht s ch pulse, ti thi im c xung khng dng. + C9, C10: t lc ngun + C8: t lc nhiu + ZD2: n nh in p bo v an ton cho IC + C12, C13 v thch anh to dao ng chun cho IC c tn s 3,57945MHz + WA9145: IC pht s + Bn phm nhn tc ng ca ngi s dng a vo IC + Q4: ng mch cm nhn tip im t hp + Q5: ng m mch vng thu bao + Q6: iu khin ng, m Q5
Trang 30

+ Q5- Q6: iu khin pht s ch pulse + Q7: khuch i dng DTMF c- Nguyn l lm vic * Mch cp ngun 1 chiu - Dng cp ngun nui b nh: (+) CCC (cu chng o cc) R11 chn VDD IC b nh trong IC chn VSS IC t (-) CCC. - Dng cp ngun khi ng IC: Khi nhc t hp SW ng mch (+) CCC SW R17 D9 chn VDD IC mch in trong IC chn VSS IC t (-) CCC. Khi IC c cp ngun khi ng, IC a mc cao ra chn DP R21 t vo cc b Q6 lm Q6 thng, a mc thp t t Q6 R20 t vo cc b Q5 lm Q5 thng ng kn mch vng thu bao. - Dng cp ngun cho IC pht s lm vic: (+) CCC SW Q5 R19 D10 chn VDD IC mch in trong IC chn VSS IC t (-) CCC. * Mch cho php IC pht s lm vic CCC SW R12 R13 t (-) CCC. St p trn R12, R13 nh thin phn p cho Q4 thng, a mc thp t t Q4 t vo chn CE IC (chn cho php CE). Chn CE xung mc thp cho php IC chu mi tc ng ca bn phm. * Mch pht s ch pulse Chuyn kho chn phng thc gi s v P, a mc cao vo chn la chn. IC pht s xc nh lm vic ch pulse. Khi n phm,IC pht s lm vic, a dng xung thp phn c s chu k xung tng ng vi phm c n ra chn DP IC t vo cc b Q6. + ng vi mc thp Q6 tt nn cc bQ5 ln mc cao Q5 tt h mch vng thu bao, pht ln ng dy ti tng i 1 xung khng dng. + ng vi mc cao Q6 thng nn a mc thp t t Q6 R20 t vo cc bQ5 lm Q5 thng ng kn mch vng thu bao pht ln ng dy ti tng i 1 xung c dng. + Qu trnh c tip tc nh vy cho n ht lot xung th chn DP li ln mc cao R21 t vo cc b Q6 lm cho Q6 thng Q5 thng mch vng thu bao ng kn. * Mch pht s ch tone
Trang 31

Chuyn kho chn phng thc gi s v T a mc thp vo chn la chn IC. IC pht s xc nh lm vic ch tone. Khi n phm, IC pht s lm vic, a dng DTMF l t hp 2 sng hnh sin c tn s tng ng vi hng v ct ca phm c n ra chn Dt IC R24 t chn 5 IC kn mch. St p trn R24 thng qua R23 t vo cc BE Q7 c Q7 khuch i nng cao mc in a ra chn EC Q7. C dng DTMF i t C Q7 Q5 SW CCC ng dy tng i ng dy CCC t R14 E Q7 kn mch. V. H THNG CORDLESS PHONE 1./ C S THNG TIN V TUYN. a. S khi h thng thng tin v tuyn Thng tin v tuyn s dng khong khng gian lm mi trng truyn dn. Phng php thng tin l: pha pht bc x cc tn hiu thng tin bng sng in t, pha thu nhn sng in t pha pht qua khng gian v tch ly tn hiu gc. Hnh 1.28 m t cc thnh phn c bn ca mt ng thng tin v tuyn hai chiu.

Anten Tn hiu vo My pht

Dy feeder Circulator

Anten My pht Tn hiu vo

My thu My thu Tn hiu ra Tn hiu ra Hnh 1.28 S khi h thng thng tin v tuyn. b. Qu trnh pht trin ca thng tin v tuyn V lch s ca thng tin v tuyn, vo u th k 20 Marconi thnh cng trong vic lin lc v tuyn qua i Ty dng, Kenelly v Heaviside pht hin mt yu t l tng in ly hin din tng pha trn ca kh quyn c th dng lm vt phn x sng in t. Nhng yu t m ra mt k nguyn thng tin v tuyn cao tn i quy m.
Trang 32

Chin tranh Th gii ln th hai l mt bc ngot trong thng tin v tuyn. Thng tin tm nhn thng - lnh vc thng tin s dng bng tn s cc cao (VHF) v c nghin cu lin tc sau chin tranh th gii - tr thnh hin thc nh s pht trin cc linh kin in t dng cho HF v UHF, ch yu l pht trin ngnh Raa. Vi s gia tng khng ngng ca lu lng truyn thng, tn s ca thng tin v tuyn vn ti cc bng tn siu cao (SHF) v cc cao (EHF). Vo nhng nm 1960, phng php chuyn tip qua v tinh c thc hin v phng php chuyn tip bng tn x qua tng i lu ca kh quyn xut hin. Do nhng c tnh u vit ca mnh, chng hn nh dung lng ln, phm vi thu rng, hiu qu kinh t cao. Thng tin v tuyn c s dng rt rng ri trong pht thanh truyn hnh qung b, v tuyn o hng, hng khng, qun s, quan st kh tng, lin lc sng ngn nghip d, thng tin v tinh - v tr v.v... Tuy nhin, can nhiu vi lnh vc thng tin khc l iu khng trnh khi, bi v thng tin v tuyn s dng chung phn khng gian lm mi trng truyn dn. i ph vi vn ny, mt lot cc cuc hi ngh v tuyn Quc t c t chc t nm 1906. Tn s v tuyn hin nay c n nh theo "Quy ch thng tin v tuyn (RR) ti Hi ngh ITU-T Geneva nm 1959. Sau ln lt l hi ngh v phn b li di tn s sng ngn s dng vo nm 1967, hi ngh v b sung quy ch tn s v tuyn cho thng tin v tr vo nm 1971, v hi ngh v phn b li tn s v tuyn ca thng tin di ng hng hi cho mc ch kinh doanh vo nm 1974. Ti hi ngh ca ITU-T nm 1979, di tn s v tuyn phn b c m rng ti 9kHz - 400 Ghz, xem xt li v b sung cho quy ch thng tin v tuyn in (RR). gim bt can nhiu ca thng tin v tuyn, ITU-T tip tc nghin cu nhng vn sau y b sung vo s sp xp chnh xc khong cch gia cc sng mang trong quy ch thng tin v tuyn: - Dng cch che chn thch hp trong khi la chn trm. - Ci thin hng tnh ca anten. - Nhn dng bng sng phn cc cho. - Tng cng ghp knh. - Chp nhn s dng phng php iu ch chng li can nhiu. c. Phn loi sng in t v ng dng Trong thng tin v tuyn, c ch truyn sng v tuyn v vic s dng thit b truyn thng ph thuc vo tn s v tuyn s dng. Bng1 trnh by bng tn s v tuyn c phn loi theo tiu chun quc t hin hnh, theo c ch v phng thc s dng sng v tuyn.
Trang 33

Bng1. Phn loi, c ch v s dng sng v tuyn Tn s 3KHz~30 KHz 30KHz~300KHz 300KHz~3MHz 3MHz~30MHz 30MHz~300MHz Phn loi C ch truyn bng tn sng v tuyn VLF LF MF HF VHF B mt B mt Lnh vc s dng Thng tin o hng Thng tin o hng

B mt, sng tri Pht thanh AM, Hng khng, o hng. B mt, sng tri Pht thanh sng ngn, o hng. Sng tri, Sng khng gian Pht thanh FM, truyn hnh, thng tin ng, thng tin v tuyn c nh (viba) Truyn hnh, thng tin ng, thng tin v tuyn c nh (viba), Raar, thng tin v tinh. Thng tin v tinh, thng tin v tuyn c nh, Raar, v tuyn thin vn. Thng tin v tinh, thng tin v tuyn c nh, Raar, v tuyn thin vn.

300MHz~3GHz

UHF

Sng tri Sng khng gian Sng thng

3GHz~30GHz

SHF, Viba Sng khng gian Sng thng

30GHz~300GH

EHF, Sng khng gian Milimeter Sng thng

d. Cc phng thc truyn sng in t Sng v tuyn khng truyn lan theo ng thng khi chng trong khng gian c nh hng ca cc yu t trn mt t v tng i lu. Tuy nhin, khi kho st sng truyn trong khng gian ta cng c th coi l mi trng l tng sng in t truyn theo ng thng. Trong thc t ngi ta phn thnh cc phng thc truyn lan ch yu sau: Sng t, sng tri, sng tn x qua tng i lu v sng thng. -. Sng t

Trang 34

Sng t l sng in t chu nh hng ca cc yu t kh hu, a hnh, .v.v. trn b mt t khi truyn t an ten pht n anten thu. Sng t gm 2 loi: Sng b mt v sng khng gian. +. Sng b mt. Sng b mt l sng in t truyn dc theo b mt t. Sng b mt ch yu l cc sng in t tn s thp. S lan truyn c thc hin nh nhiu x sng in t (Hin tng tia sng un cong vt qua vt cn vi suy hao rt t). Do nhiu x t l nghch vi bc sng cho nn tn s s dng cng cao th suy hao ca sng t cng ln, kh nng lan truyn sng t cng yu. Tia sng un cong theo mt t

Anten pht Hnh 1.29: Sng truyn dc theo mt t Hnh 1.29 M t m hnh truyn sng t.

Anten thu

Hin tng nhiu x c mi tng quan cht ch vi dn in v hng s in mi ca t trong ng lan truyn. Hng s in mi ca nc bin nh hn ca t nn c ly truyn sng trn mt bin di hn so vi mt t. Do , sng in t tn s thp c s dng rng ri trong thng tin v tuyn o hng. Bng tn s cc thp c s dng ch yu cho truyn thanh AM, thng tin hng hi v thng tin o hng. +. Sng khng gian Sng khng gian l sng truyn gia 2 anten t cao trong khng gian nh m t hnh 1.30. Anten pht Sng phn x i lu Sng trc tip Sng phn x t Anten thu

Hnh 1.30: Sng truyn gia 2 anten t cao trong khng gian
Trang 35

Sng in t n im thu c th : - Trc tip t anten pht: Sng trc tip. - Phn x ti mt t trc khi ti im thu: Sng phn x t. - Phn x trong tng i lu trc khi ti im thu: Sng phn x tng i lu. Sng trc tip l sng in t pht x trc tip t anten pht n anten thu m khng b phn x u c. Trong iu kin truyn lan bnh thng sng trc tip c bin ln hn tt c cc sng khc cng ti in thu. Sng phn x t l sng truyn t anten pht n anten thu sau khi phn x ti mt t hoc ti cc vt th xung quanh. Do , di ng i ca tia sng phn x t di hn so vi sng trc tip. Nh vy, ti im thu, sng phn x t s c bin v pha khc vi sng trc tip. Nu chnh lch v ng truyn gia sng trc tip v sng phn x t khc nhau mt khong bng s l ln bc sng th ti im thu pha ca hai sng ny khc nhau mt gc 180 o, c ngha l ngc pha nhau. Nu khi sng trc tip v sng phn x t c bin bng nhau th chng s trit tiu nhau. Sng phn x tng i lu l cc sng in t bc x ti anten pht b un cong khi truyn trong tng i lu - do h s khc x ca khng kh thay i theo cao trc khi n anten thu. Cng ging nh trng hp sng phn x t, nu chnh lch v ng truyn gia sng trc tip v sng phn x tng i lu khc nhau mt khong bng s l ln bc sng th ti im thu pha ca hai sng ny khc nhau mt gc 180o v nu khi sng trc tip v sng phn x tng i lu c bin bng nhau th chng s trit tiu nhau. Sng khng gian c s dng cho cc tn hiu c tn s ln hn VHF. S thay i h s khc x theo cao ca kh quyn gy nh hng n sng khng gian. Kh quyn tiu chun l mt kh quyn l tng c mt t l bin i h s khc x theo cao mt cch u n, bi v n c mt h s thay i c nh ca p sut kh quyn theo cao, nhit v m. V c s bin i h s khc x mt cch lin tc, cho nn ng i thc t ca sng khng gian l khc vi ng trc tip (thng). b li s khc nhau ny, c ly thng tin cc i thc t c tnh ton theo ng trc tip da trn quy nh bn knh hiu qu ca tri t KR (K=4/3 trong kh quyn tiu chun) nh m t Hnh ng thc t 1.31. ng trc tip h1 R
Trang 36

h2 h1 KR (b)

h2

(a)

Hnh 1.31 ng i ca sng khng gian : a) iu kin thc t. b) iu kin tng ng ca bn knh tri t c tnh bng R (K=4/3) - Sng tri Sng tri l sng in t b thay i hnh trnh ca mnh ti tng in ly v quay tr v tri t . +. Tng in ly Tng in ly hnh thnh ti cao 100Km - 400Km l do kt qu ca vic ion ho trng thi ca tng i lu bng cc tia cc tm v tia X do mt tri bc x. Tng in ly c phn chia thnh mt vi lp c gi tr mt in t cc i. Mi tng c phn chia thnh cc lp D, E, F theo cao ca n. Lp F li c phn chia thnh lp F1, F2. Hnh 1.32 trnh by mt tnh theo cao ca cc lp ion in hnh. +.Truyn sng trong lp Ion 600 m Ngy Lp F2 Lp F1

400

Lp F

200

Lp E Lp D 102 104 Mt (cm3) 106

10

Hnh 1.32 Mt tnh theo cao ca cc lp ion

Trang 37

C th xem lp ion ca tng in ly ging nh mt tm in mi khng l m h s khc x ca n bin i lin tc, v s bin i ca mt ion theo bc sng l khng ng k trong bng tn s cao (bc sng ngn hn). Hnh 1.33a trnh by ng i ca sng v tuyn trong tng in ly. C th gii thch hin tng phn x ti tng in ly nh sau: Ta chia tng in ly thnh cc lp rt mng sao cho trong lp chit sut c th coi l u. Nh vy khi truyn t lp Ion ny sang lp Ion khc th tia sng in t b khc x. Qua nhiu lp Ion nh vy tia sng in t s b un cong v coi nh phn x quay v tri t. Nu t mt my thu im tia sng in t tr v th ta s thu c thng tin pht i t my pht. V c tnh ca tng in ly thay i theo cao nn chng c nh hng khc nhau n qu trnh truyn sng in t. cc sng in t c tn s cao qu s i xuyn thng qua tng in ly (Hnh 1.33b). Sng in t c tn s thp qu th kh nng chuyn ti nng lng yu, s khng n c tng in ly. tng in ly ch phn x sng in t trong bng sng ngn v sng trung. Bng thc nghim ngi ta xc nh c rng: sng ngn phn x ti lp F1 v F2, sng trung phn x ti lp E, lp D khng gy ra phn x sng in t, ngc li lp D hp th nng lng sng in t trong bng sng trung. Tuy nhin lp D ch xut hin vo ban ngy, v nh vy ban ngy khng th dng sng trung thng tin qua tng in ly c.

nn n4 n3 n2 n1 n0 Tia sng t tri t pht ti tng in ly Mt t Khong nhy (b) Hnh 1.33.- C ch phn x ca tng in ly Trang 38 a. Khc x trong tng in ly b. iu kin ti hn c phn x Tng in ly Sng v tuyn xuyn qua tng in ly Tia in ly (a)Tngsng khc x v i ra tng in ly tr v tri t Tng Bnh lu

Sng v tuyn khc Hnh 1.33 a x ti hn

Bng thc nghim ngi ta xc nh c rng, kh nng phn x sng in t ti tng in ly ph thuc vo 3 yu t chnh l: Mt cc ht mang in trong tng in ly, tn s v gc ti ca tia sng in t.

Tng in ly

Tia phn x

0 Tia Gc ti ti Tip tuyn Gc tri t t Mt t

Hnh 1.34

Trang 39

Gi s tia sng in t ti tng in ly vi gc ti (Hnh 1.34), sng in 0 t ny phn x c ti tng in ly th phi tho mn iu kin sau: 0
0 1 80 ,8
N f 2

Sin
80 ,8 N f2

0 1

80 ,8 N f2

1 Cos

0 = 1

9 N Cos 0

0 0 Khi N=Nmax th tn s ny c gi l tn s ln nht fmax ng vi . Tn s ln nht s t c khi N=Nmax v = max. 0 0

Khi = max th tia ti chnh l tip tuyn ca tri t. tuy nhin ta rt kh 0 0 c th xc nh chnh xc c gc , bi vy ngi ta tm cch tnh tn s (f) 0 0 0 0 thng qua gc , v v quan h vi nhau nh sau: Khi = max th =0, 0 khi =0 th =90o. Vic tnh tn s (f) thng qua gc c m t hnh 1.35. Trong a l 0 bn knh tri t, h l cao im phn x, : gc ti. : gc t. Ta c: f max () =
80 ,8.N max (1 + 2h ) a 2h Sin 2 + a
2h

80 ,8.N max (a + 2h) 0 0 0 Khi = max th =0 nn Sin2 =0. Suy ra: f max () =

Tng in ly Tia ti Gc t a

0 GcTia phn x h ti Tip tuyn tri t

Mt t a
Trang O 40

Hnh1.35

Phng thc truyn sng qua tng in ly c ng dng trong truyn thanh. Bng cch cho sng in t phn x nhiu ln gia tng in ly v mt t nh m t hnh 1.36 ta c th truyn c sng in t i rt xa. Khi truyn nh vy s c nhng vng khng nhn c sng in t, vng c gi l vng ti. khc phc hin tng ny ngi ta pht ln tng in ly chm sng in t phn k nh m t hnh 1.37.

Tng in ly

Tng in ly

Vng ti

Vng ti
Tri t Tri t

Khong nhy Hnh 1.36 - Sng tn x qua tng i lu

Hnh 1.37

Vic lan truyn ca sng v tuyn nh hiu ng tn x ca vng kh quyn khng ng nht trong tng i lu c gi l truyn sng tn x qua tng i lu. Phng php ny cho php thng tin lin lc c ly xa cc bng tn VHF, UHF, v SHF.

Vng khng kh khng ng nht Mt t im pht

Sng in t b tn x

im thu

Trang x Hnh 1.38: Truyn sng tn 41 trong tng i lu

Hnh 1.38 m t bn cht ca vic truyn sng tn x qua tng i lu. Trong tng i lu, cao 10 n 12 Km, thng c vng khng kh khng ng nht. Trong , chit sut gia cc lp khng kh thay i rt ln, nn khi i vo vng ny sng in t b tn x ra nhiu hng khc nhau. Mt s tia b tn x n mc gn nh phn x v quay tr v tri t. Hin tng ny c gii thch nh sau: ( hnh 1.39 ) ta chia vng khng kh khng ng nht thnh cc lp rt mng sao cho trong lp chit sut ca khng kh c th coi l u. Nh vy khi truyn t lp khng kh ny sang lp khng kh khc th tia sng in t b khc x. Qua nhiu lp kh quyn nh vy tia sng in t s b un cong v quay v tri t. Nu t mt my thu im tia sng in t tr v th ta s thu c thng tin pht i t my pht. Phng php ny i hi cng sut pht ln v my thu c nhy cao. Mt nn khc tnh n nh ca h thng thng tin ny khng cao do vng kh khng ng nht Vng kh thng xuyn thay i theo ngy - m, theo ma . . . khng ng -. n Truyn sng thng nht 4 n L 3phng thc truyn sng trong khng gian t do. Phng thc ny ch c n trong h2thng thng tin v tinh, khi sng in t i ra ngoi tng kh quyn ca tri t. n1 n0 e. Cc phng php iu ch v gii iu ch -Tia sng t tri c bn v iu ch v Tia sng khc x Cc khi nim t gii iu ch v dn dn v quay +pht hiuvng kh Tn ti iu ch khng ng nht tr v tri t L cc tn hiu tin tc cn vng kh quyn khngtn hiu tng t bao gm: Tn truyn (tn hiu s v ng nht Hnh 1.39: Khc x trong hiu thoi, truyn hnh, s liu. . . ) c tn s thp. + Tn hiu sng mang L cc tn hiu in cao tn c th ti (mang) c thng tin. Tn hiu cao tn y mang tnh cht tng i. Mt tn hiu in cao tn c th lm sng mang cho mt tn hiu iu ch ny nhng li khng th lm sng mang cho mt tn hiu iu ch khc v chnh n c khi li tr thnh tn hiu iu ch cho mt sng mang c tn s cao hn. Mt sng mang tiu biu c biu thc ton hc l: U(t) = A sin ( t + ) Trong :
Trang 42

- A l bin ca sng mang - = 2 f l tn s gc ca sng mang (f l tn s ca sng mang) - : pha ca sng mang - Cc tham s A, f v u c th mang thng tin. - iu ch iu ch l a tn hiu cn iu ch tc ng vo sng mang lm cho mt hoc nhiu tham s ca sng mang thay i theo quy lut ca tn hiu iu ch. S cn thit ca iu ch Trong thng tin v tuyn: do cc tn hiu tin tc (tn hiu tng t v tn hiu s) thng c tn s thp nn rt kh trc tip bc x thnh sng in t truyn i xa, nu c th bc x c th nng lng bc x cng rt yu v i hi phn t bc x (anten) c kch thc ln. d dng truyn thng tin i xa bng sng in t, ngi ta phi tin hnh iu ch tn hiu thng tin vo sng mang cao tn, ngha l gi tin tc cn truyn vo sng mang sau mi cho sng mang iu ch bc x thnh sng in t truyn i xa. V sng mang c tn s cao nn d bc x thnh sng in t v i hi phn t bc x c kch thc khng ln. Trong ghp knh theo tn s: V cc tn hiu thng tin cng loi u c chung mt bng tn truyn dn (V d: tn hiu thoi c bng tn t 0,3 3,4KHz) nn khi truyn nhiu tn hiu trn mt ng truyn dn th chng s b ln vo nhau lm cho pha thu khng thu c tn hiu. truyn c nhiu tn hiu trn cng mt ng truyn th ngi ta phi iu ch cc tn hiu cn truyn vo cc sng mang khc nhau, mc ch l chuyn ph ca thng tin cn truyn ln cc vng khc nhau sau mi truyn chung trn mt ng truyn dn. Nh s khc nhau v vng ph ca cc tn hiu truyn i m pha thu d dng thu c tn hiu. - Gii iu ch V pha pht tin hnh iu ch nn pha thu mun ly li tn hiu nguyn thy th phi tin hnh tch tn hiu tin tc ra khi sng mang iu ch. Qu trnh tch tn hiu tin tc cn thu ra khi sng mang iu ch bn pht, c gi l gii iu ch. - Phn loi iu ch + Phn loi theo tn hiu a vo iu ch . iu ch tng t: tn hiu iu ch l tn hiu tng t.
Trang 43

. iu ch s: tn hiu iu ch l tn hiu s. + Phn loi theo s thay i ca cc tham s sng mang . iu ch bin : l tc ng tn hiu iu ch vo sng mang lm cho bin ca sng mang thay i theo quy lut ca tn hiu iu ch. iu ch bin tng t c gi l AM (Amplitude Modulation). iu ch bin s c gi l ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying). . iu ch tn s: l tc ng tn hiu iu ch vo sng mang lm cho tn s ca sng mang thay i theo quy lut ca tn hiu iu ch. iu ch tn s tng t c gi l FM (Frequency Modulation). iu ch tn s s c gi l FSK (Frequency Shift Keying). . iu ch pha: l tc ng tn hiu iu ch vo sng mang lm cho pha ca sng mang thay i theo quy lut ca tn hiu iu ch. iu ch pha tng t c gi l PM (Phase Modulation). iu ch pha s c gi l PSK (Phase Shift Keying). .iu ch QAM (Quature Amplitude Modulation): l phng php iu ch kt hp c iu ch bin ASK v iu ch pha PSK. Vi iu ch ny th khi tn hiu iu ch tc ng vo sng mang th c bin v pha ca sng mang u thay i theo quy lut ca tn hiu iu ch. *. iu ch bin (AM) T/h iu R 1 ch Sng mang R2 R3 D Tn hiu AM

HNH 1.40: iu ch AM bng mt diode C nhiu phng php thc hin iu ch AM. Hnh 1.40 m t mt phng php tng i n gin thc hin iu ch AM. Mch gm mt mng trn tn hiu bng in tr (R1, R2, R3), mt diode nn v mt khung cng hng LC. Tn hiu iu ch ( hnh 1.41a ) c a n u vo R 1, tn hiu sng mang ( hnh 1.41b ) c a n u vo R2. Mng in tr R1, R2 v R3 thc hin trn tuyn tnh hai tn hiu vi nhau theo nguyn tc cng s hc. Nu tn hiu iu ch l tn
Trang 44

hiu hnh sin th tn hiu sau khi trn (ly trn in tr R3) c dng nh hnh 1.41 (c). Ta thy rng sng mang bin thin trn nn ca tn hiu iu ch, nhng y cha phi l tn hiu iu ch bin . y hai tn hiu mi c cng vi nhau, trong khi iu ch l nhn hai tn hiu vi nhau. Tn hiu sau khi cng c nn qua diode D. Sau khi nn ta thu c mt dy xung dng l tp hp ca cc na chu k dng ca tn hiu tng, bin ca cc xung thay i theo quy lut ca tn hiu iu ch (hnh 1.41d). Cc xung ny c a n kch thch cho mt mch cng hng song song LC. Khung cng hng LC ny c tn s cng hng ring
f = 1 2 LC

ng bng tn s ca sng mang. Khi c kch thch th khung LC s

dao ng vi tn s ng bng tn s sng mang, cn bin th ph thuc vo bin ca tn hiu kch thch. Khi xung kch thch c bin ln th dao ng ly ra trn khung c bin ln, khi bin ca xung kch thch nh th dao ng ly ra trn khung c bin nh. Nh ni trn, bin ca cc xung kch thch thay i theo quy lut ca tn hiu iu ch nn dao ng ly ra trn khung LC cng c bin bin thin ng theo quy lut ca tn hiu iu ch. y chnh l tn hiu iu ch bin (hnh 1.41 e). Trong iu ch bin , nu gi tin tc cn truyn c tn s t l Vt vi Vt = V .Ucos t (V l bin cc i ca tn hiu iu ch), sng mang cao tn l V = Vo.cos ot th sau khi iu ch ta thu c mt tn hiu mi: (a VAM (t) = (Vo + V ). cos t).cos ot t U (b ) t U (c) U t (Vo: bin ln nht ca sng mang). Biu thc trn c th vit: (d V ) V AM ( t ) = Vo (1 + cos t ) cos o t = V (1 + m cos ) cos o t (biu thc 2.1) t U Vo t
Trong : m = V l h s iu ch v cn c gi l su iu ch. H s (e) o iu ch m phi tha mn iu kin m 1. Nu m > 1 th mch c hin tng qu iu ch gy ra mo tn hiu sau iu ch. Trong thc t, m bo tn hiu khng

Hnh 1.41: a) Tn hiu iu ch b) Sng mang c) Tn hiu trn in tr R3 Trang 45 d) Dng tn hiu qua diode e) Tn hiu trn khung cng hng

b mo th m c chn vo khong 0,7 0,8. p dng bin i lng gic cho biu thc 2.1 ta c:
V AM (t ) = Vo . cos o t + mV o mV o . cos( o + )t + . cos( o )t 2 2

(biu thc2.2)

T biu thc 2.2 ta thy rng: tn hiu sau khi iu ch bin c 3 thnh phn chnh: sng mang c tn s gc o v bin Vo, hai thnh phn mang tin c tn s gc o v bin
mV o nh m t hnh 1.43b. Nu tn hiu tin tc c di tn 2

t min n max th sau khi iu ch vo sng mang ta s thu c tn hiu c ph nh m t hnh 1.43d. Ngoi sng mang c bin Vo v tn s gc o cn c hai bin tn: bin tn trn c tn s t ( o + min) n ( o + max) v bin tn di c tn s t ( o - max) n ( o - min) i xng vi nhau qua sng mang. U U (b)
0 0

max min

0 - 0 +

U (d)

0 max

0 + max 0+

min HNH 1.42: a) Ph ca tn hiu iu ch n tn b) Ph ca tn hiu AM iu ch n Tn c) Ph ca tn hiu iu ch a tn d) Ph ca tn hiu AM iu ch a tn *. Gii iu ch bin tng t D Tn hiu C1 AM T1 HNH 1.43: Mch gii iu ch bin Hnh 1.43 m t mt phng php gii iu ch bin n gin nhng c s dng kh rng ri trong k thut gii iu ch. Mch gm c mt bin p cng hng T1 ghp tn hiu AM vo mch, diode nn D, in tr ti R3 v t lc C3.
Trang 46

0 - min

C2

R3

Tn hiu gii iu C ch
3

in p trn cc phn t R3 v C3 chnh l tn hiu gii iu ch. Tn hiu AM c t vo hai u cun s cp ca bin p cng hng T1. Cc t C1 v C2 iu chnh tn s cng hng ca bin p. Tn hiu AM cm ng qua cun th cp v t vo mch nn gm D v R3. Diode D s dn cc na chu k dng ca tn hiu AM, cn na chu k m th D khng dn. Kt qu l trn ti ta thu c mt dy xung dng m bin ca n thay i theo quy lut ca tn hiu iu ch bn pht. khi phc li tn hiu th phi u song song vi R3 mt t C3. T C3 phi c chn sao cho c tr khng nh i vi tn s sng mang v c tr khng ln i vi tn hiu tin tc. Kt qu l thnh phn sng mang s b ngn mch xung mass, cn thnh phn tin tc s c a ti u ra. Mt cch khc phn tch nguyn l hot ng ca mch l gi s khi diode dn t C3 c np rt nhanh n gi tr nh ca xung. Khi diode tt th t C3 phng in qua R3. Hng s thi gian = R3C3 c chn sao cho ln hn rt nhiu so vi chu k ca sng mang. Kt qu l t phng in, in p trn t gim khng nhiu, khi diode dn th t li c np in tr li ti gi tr nh. in p trn t gn ging vi tn hiu iu ch bn pht. in p ny chnh l tn hiu gii iu ch. Do t phng np nn tn hiu khi phc c s c nhng gn sng gy ra mo tn hiu sau gii iu ch. Tuy nhin khi sng mang c tn s ln hn rt nhiu ln so vi tn s ca tn hiu iu ch th nhng gn sng ny c th b qua. Hnh 1.44 m t dng sng ca cc tn hiu trong mch gii iu ch bin . t U (a) U (b) U (c) HNH 1.44: Dng sng ca mch gii iu ch AM dng dioden n na sng. a) Tn hiu AM b) Dng qua diode. c) Tn hiu sau gii iu ch t t

Trang 47

 tng hiu qu gii iu ch, ngi ta s dng mch gii iu ch tng t theo kiu nn ton sng nh m t hnh 1.45. D1 Tn hiu gii iu ch
R3
C
3

Tn hiu AM

C2 D2

T1 HNH 1.45: Mch gii iu ch bin kiu nn ton sng Hnh 1.46 m t dng sng ca cc tn hiu trong mch gii iu ch bin kiu nn ton sng. t
U

(a U (b ) U (c HNH 1.46: Dng sng ca mch gii iu ch AM dng diodenn ton sng. a) Tn hiu AM b) Dng qua diode. c) Tn hiu sau gii iu ch *. iu ch ASK iu ch ASK l iu ch bin p dng cho tn hiu iu ch l tn hiu s. Hnh 1.47 m t s khi ca mch iu ch ASK. S(t): tn hiu iu ch (tn hiu s) t t

Trang 48

M S(t) A(t).sin t LO

BPF S(t).Asin t

HNH 1.47: iu ch ASK LO: mch dao ng to sng mang (Local Ocsilator) A.sin t: sng mang c to ra t mch dao ng LO M: B nhn BPF: b lc thng bng (BPF: Band Pass Filter) S(t).Asin t: sng mang c iu ch bin . Tn hiu iu ch S(t) l tn hiu s c a n u vo th nht ca b nhn M. Sng mang A.sin t to ra t b dao ng LO c a n u vo th hai ca b nhn. B nhn M s nhn tn hiu iu ch S(t) vi tn hiu sng mang A.sin t. u ra ca b nhn ta thu c thnh phn c bn l S(t).Asin t v mt s thnh phn khc (v d A.sin2 t, S(t).A sin3 t ...). Tn hiu ny c a qua b lc thng gii loi b cc thnh phn khng mong mun. Kt qu u ra ca b lc ta thu c tn hiu iu ch bin (ASK) l S(t).Asin t. Dng sng ra sau iu ch c m t hnh 1.48. U (a ) U (b ) U (c ) t HNH 1.48: Dng sng ca iu ch ASK a) Tn hiu iu ch. b) Sng mang. c) Sng mang sau iu ch t 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 t

Trang 49

iu ch ASK c u im l mch in iu ch v gii iu ch u rt n gin. Tuy nhin c nhc im rt ln l kh nng chng nhiu thp v nhiu d dng tc ng vo vng bin (vng mang tin ca sng mang iu ch ASK). *. Gii iu ch ASK Hnh 1.49 m t mt mch gii iu ch ASK tiu biu. D Tn hiu ASK C2 + _ Tn hiu s ra

C1

R2

Uchun T1 HNH 1.49: Gii iu ch ASK

Bin p (T1) kt hp vi t C1 to thnh mt bin p cng hng ghp tn hiu vo mch gii iu ch. D l diode nn cao tn R1 v C2 to thnh ti ca mch gii iu ch. N l b khuch i thut ton hot ng theo kiu so snh. U chun l in p ln hn 0V. Khi khng c sng mang a ti u vo ca bin p cng hng T1 th trn cun th cp ca bin p khng c tn hiu. Lc ny in p t vo chn (+) ca N l 0V lm cho chn (+) m hn in p chn (-) ca N nn ng ra ca N c mc 0. Khi c sng mang a vo u vo ca bin p cng hng th tn hiu ny s c ghp qua cun th cp. Sau tn hiu c diode D nn theo kiu nn na chu k (trong mt s mch gii iu ch ASK, hiu qu hn ngi ta s dng nn c chu k) vi ti l in tr R2. T C2 thc hin lc san bng v to ra trn in tr ti R2 mt in p tng i bng phng. in p ny c t vo chn (+) ca N lm cho in p chn (+) ca N dng hn in p chn (-) nn ng ra ca N c mc cao. Kt qu l ng ra ca mch so snh N ta thu c cc bit 0, 1 nh a vo iu ch bn pht. biu thi gian m t nguyn l hot ng ca mch c m t hnh 1.50

Trang 50

U (a) U (b) U Uchun t

0 1 1 0 1 (c) t HNH 1.50: Biu thi gian m t dng sng ca mch gii iu ch ASK *. iu ch tn s tng t (FM) C nhiu phng php thc hin iu ch tn s FM. +Vcc Co Tn hiu iu ch R1 R2 C2 CD C1 L Ti mch dao ng

HNH 1.51: Mch iu ch tn s tng t FM Hnh 1.51 gii thiu mt phng php n gin thc hin iu ch tn s. Mch in y cha c v y m ch trch mt phn mch c bn lin quan n vic iu ch tn s. Trong mch in hnh 1.51: CD l mt diode bin dung R1, R2: to thnh mt mch phn p nh im lm vic cho CD. Co: t dn tn hiu iu ch vo mch C2: mt t dn tn hiu, c tr khng gn nh bng 0 i vi bng tn cng tc nhm m bo cho CD dng nh c mc song song vi khung LC1.

Trang 51

Nh vy 3 phn t CD, L v C1 to thnh mt khung cng hng vi tn s cng hng ring:

f = 1 2 L(C D + C1 )

Khi cha c tn hiu iu ch a vo mch th trn diode bin dung c mt in p tnh c xc nh bi mch phn p R1 v R2 do diode ny c mt gi tr in dung CD khng i. Lc ny mch dao ng s hot ng vi tn s khng i:
f = 1 2 L(C D + C1 )

Khi c tn hiu iu ch a vo mch, nu bin ca tn hiu iu ch tng th in p trn diode bin dung tng, lm cho tr s in dung CD ca diode gim, dn n tn s dao ng ca mch dao ng tng. Nu bin ca tn hiu iu ch gim th in p trn diode bin dung gim lm cho in dung CD tng dn n tn s cng tc ca mch dao ng gim. Nh vy, tn s dao ng ca mch dao ng b khng ch bi tn hiu iu ch u vo v bin thin ng theo quy lut ca tn hiu iu ch. ng ra ca mch dao ng ta thu c mt tn hiu c iu ch tn s. Hnh 1.52 m t dng sng ca mch iu ch tn s. U (a) t

(b)

(c) Hnh 1.52 Dng sng ca mch iu ch tn s. a) Tn hiu iu ch b) Sng mang c) Tn hiu sau khi iu ch

Trang 52

Trong iu ch tn s, nu tn hiu iu ch l U(t) vi U(t) = U . cos t, tn hiu sng mang l U vi U = Uo . cos ot th sau iu ch ta thu c mt tn hiu iu ch UFM vi U FM
= U o . cos( o t + . sin t )

Trong : l di tn cc i. H s iu ch mf ca mch iu ch tn s c tnh nh sau:

m f = k. U =

, k: h s t l ph thuc vo c im ca tng mch iu ch.

T biu thc trn ta c: = k.U . Nh vy, ta thy rng khi U = const th = const, nhng khi thay i th mf cng thay i. Khi iu ch n tn, ph ca tn hiu iu tn cha thnh phn o v nhiu thnh phn tn s bin ( o n ) vi n = 1, 2, 3... . Bin ca cc thnh phn tn s bin bin i khng ng u. Mt cch gn ng, rng ph ca tn hiu iu tn sau iu ch c th tnh nh sau: D = 2(m + m +1)
FM f f

DFM: rng ca ph sau iu ch tn s. Khi tn hiu iu ch l mt bng tn th ph ca tn hiu iu tn DFM s l:

DFM = 2( m f + m f +1) ax m

( max: tn s ln nht trong tn hiu iu ch).

Khi mf > 1 th ph ca tn hiu iu tn c th tnh gn ng: DFM 2.mf. max = 2 Khi mf 1 th ph ca tn hiu iu tn c th tnh gn ng: DFM 2 max *. Gii iu ch tn s tng t: Hnh 1.53 m t mch in gii iu ch tn s theo kiu tch sng t l c s dng rng ri trong k thut gii iu ch tn s v quan h pha ca cc in p trong mch. Mch gm c: Bin p cng hng T1 ghp tn hiu FM vo mch. Cun th cp ca bin p T1 c im gia c u chung. Cun cm RFC to in p lch pha 90o. D1, C7, R1 v D2, C5, R2: to thnh hai mch tch sng bin , trong : D1 ging D2, C7 = C5 v R1 = R2.

Trang 53

Cc t C7, C5 v cc in tr R1, R2 to thnh mt mch cu. in p trn C7 v C5 l in p vo ca cu, in p gia C v D l in p ra ca cu. y chnh l im ly tn hiu ra ca mch gii iu ch. C6: t c tr s ln, c nhim v hn ch bin , trnh hin tng iu bin k sinh xy ra trong qu trnh gii iu ch tn s. U1: in p na trn ca cun th cp U2: in p na di ca cun th cp U3: in p trn cun cm RFC U1-3 = U1 + U3 U2-3 = U2 + U3 Khi tn hiu FM u vo l sng mang th in p U1 cp vo D1 ng bng in p U2 cp vo D2 nn cc t C7 v C5 c np vi in p bng nhau, du ca in p nh m t trn hnh 1.53 (a). D1 Tn hiu FM C1 (a) T1 U1 U1-3 U3 U2-3
(b)

U1

C2

U3

C7 C

R1 D R2 C6

U2

RFC C5 D2 U1

Tn hiu gii iu ch U1-3 U1 U1-3 U3 U3 U2 (d)

U2

(c)

U2-3

HNH 1.53: Gii iu ch tn s (a) Mch in gii iu ch tn s ,(b) Quan h pha ca cc in p khi tn s trong mch bng tn s sng mang, (c) Quan h pha ca cc in p khi tn s trong mch ln hn tn s sng mang, (d) Quan h pha ca cc in p khi tn s trong mch nh hn tn s sng mang
Trang 54

V: C6 u song song vi C7 v C5 nn in p np cho C6 bng tng in p trn C7 v C5. V C6 c gi tr rt ln (thng dng t ha) nn khi c np y n lun duy tr mt in p n nh. Do R1 = R2 v C1 = C2 nn U R = U R v U C = U C . Nh vy mch cu t trng thi cn bng. Lc ny, in p gia hai im C v D bng 0.
1 2 1 2

U C4

Gi s rng khi c tn hiu iu ch a vo, in p trn cc t C 7 v C5 l = U C = 2V c ngha l U C = 4V , khi in p trn cc in tr R1 v R2 l:

5
6

U R1 = U R2 = 2V .

Nu tn s ca tn hiu FM tng th quan h pha trong mch s thay i nh m t hnh 1.53(b) lm cho U1 > U2 v nh vy in p trn t C7 (Uc7) s ln hn in p trn t C5 (UC5). Gi s in p trn t C7 l 3V th in p trn t C5 l 1V, in p trn R1 v R2 vn bng nhau v bng 2V (v in p np cho C6 khng i). Lc ny cu khng cn bng, in p gia C v D s khc 0. D dng nhn thy rng in p U CD by gi l -1V. Khi tn s ca tn hiu FM gim th quan h pha trong mch s thay i nh m t hnh 1.53c lm cho U1 < U2 v nh vy in p np cho t C7 nh hn in p np cho C5. Nh phn tch trn, gi s in p trn C7 l 1V th in p trn C5 l 3V, UR1 vn bng UR2 v bng 2V. Lc ny cu khng cn bng nhng theo hng ngc li vi trng hp tn s FM tng. D dng nhn thy UCD by gi bng 1V. Nh vy, khi tn s ca tn hiu FM thay i th in p ra ca cu UCD cng thay i theo. y chnh l tn hiu tin tc gii iu ch. V UCD ph thuc vo t l in p trn C7 v C5 nn mch c gi l mch tch sng t l. +iu ch tn s vi tn hiu s (iu ch FSK) Nh cp phn trc, khi tn hiu iu ch l tn hiu s th iu ch tn s c gi l FSK (Frequency Shift Keying: kha dch tn s). Hin nay c nhiu kiu iu ch FSK: 2 FSK, 4 FSK, 8 FSK .... iu ch 2 FSK l iu ch tn s m sau khi iu ch sng mang ch c hai tn s. Tng t vi 4FSK th sau khi iu ch sng mang c 4 tn s ... . n gin trc ht ta xt iu ch 2FSK S khi ca mch iu ch M 2FSK c m t hnh 1.54
0

LO0 Tn hiu iu ch M1

Tn hiu iu ch

LO1

Trang 55

HNH 1.54: S khi mch iu ch 2FSK

LO1 v LO0: hai b dao ng c lp: LO1 to ra sng mang c tn s f1, LOo to ra sng mang c tn s fo. Mo v M1: cc cng truyn dn c iu khin bi tn hiu iu ch. : b cng c nhim v kt hp cc sng mang fo v f 1 to thnh tn hiu 2 FSK. Nguyn l hot ng ca mch hnh 1.55 nh sau: Mch dao ng LO0 to ra tn hiu sng mang c tn s fo a n ng vo ca cng truyn dn Mo. Mch dao ng LO1 to ra sng mang c tn s f1 a n ng vo ca cng truyn dn M1. Tn hiu iu ch c a n iu khin cc cng truyn dn Mo v M1. Khi tn hiu iu ch l bit 0 th cng truyn dn M1 khng c iu khin nn khng cho tn hiu sng mang f1 i qua, cng truyn dn Mo c iu khin nn cho tn hiu sng mang fo i qua. Khi U hiu iu ch l bit 1 th cng truyn dn Mo khng c tn (a cho sng mang fo i qua, cng truyn dn M1 c iu khin iu khin nn khng t ) cho sng mang f1 i qua. Mch cng kt hp cc tn hiu ng ra ca cc cng U truyn dn Mo v M1. Kt qu l ng ra ca mch cng ta thu c sng mang t iu ch 2 FSK gm(b tn s fo v f1 ng vi cc bit s liu a vo iu ch. hai Hnh 1.55 m t dng sng ca iu ch 2 FSK. U (c )b
) )

U (d
)b )

HNH 1.55: Dng sng iu ch 2FSK Trang 56 a) Tn hiu iu ch, b) Sng mang f0 , c) Sng mang f1, d) Sng iu ch 2FSK

+ Gii iu ch FSK C hai phng php thc hin gii iu ch FSK: Phng php gii iu ch nht qun v phng php gii iu ch khng nht qun. + Phng php gii iu ch khng nht qun: Hnh 1.56 m t s khi ca mch gii iu ch 2 FSK khng nht qun. Mch gm hai b lc thng gii BPF, hai mch tch sng v mt mch khuch i so snh. B lc thng gii BPFo c tn s trung tm l fo, b lc thng gii BPF1 c tn s trung tm l f1. Cc mch tch sng c nhim v bin tn hiu vo thnh in p ra ln hn 0. Mch so snh thc hin so snh in p ng ra ca hai mch tch sng. C th m t hot ng ca mch hnh 1.56 nh sau: BPF0 Tn hiu 2FSK BPF1 Tch sng vng 0
+

S liu gii iu ch

Tch sng vng 1

HNH 1.56: S khi gii iu ch 2FSK khng nht qun Tn hiu 2 FSK gm 2 tn s fo v f1 c a n ng vo ca cc mch lc thng gii BPFo v BPF1. Khi tn hiu 2 FSK c tn s l fo th mch lc thng gii
Trang 57

BPF1 khng cho tn hiu qua, ng vo ca mch tch sng f1 khng c tn hiu do ng ra ca n c in p l 0V. Cn mch lc BPFo cho tn hiu c tn s fo i qua, c tn hiu sng mang fo a vo mch tch sng fo nn ng ra ca n c in p l +U. Lc ny chn (-) ca mch khuch i so snh c in p dng hn in p chn (+) ca n nn ng ra c in p l 0V. Khi tn hiu 2 FSK c tn s l f1 th mch lc BPFo khng cho tn hiu sng mang f1 i qua, mch tch sng fo khng c tn hiu vo a ra in p 0V t vo chn (-) ca mch khuch i so snh, cn mch lc thng gii BPF1 cho sng mang f1 i qua, mch tch sng f1 c tn hiu vo nn a ra in p +U. Lc ny in p chn (+) ca mch khuch i so snh dng hn in p chn (-) ca n nn ng ra c mc cao. Nh vy, ty theo tn hiu 2 FSK u vo m ng ra ca mch khuch i thut ton c mc 0 hoc 1. chnh l cc bit s liu c gii iu ch. Phng php gii iu ch FSK khng nht qun c u im l mch in n gin, khng cn phi khi phc sng mang. Tuy nhin do c tnh ca mch nn yu cu tn hiu FSK c bin tng i ln. khc phc nhc im ny, ngi ta s dng gii iu ch FSK nht qun. * Phng php gii iu ch FSK nht qun: S khi n gin ca mt mch gii iu ch 2 FSK nht qun c m t hnh 1.57. Lc thng M0 S liu gii thp iu ch _ LO0 Tn hiu + LO1 2FSK Lc thng M1 thp HNH 1.57: S khi ca mch gii iu ch2 FSK nht qun Mch gm c: + 2 b dao ng LO1 v LOo khi phc li hai sng mang c tn s f1 v fo sao cho sng mang khi phc phi ng pha vi sng mang iu ch 2 FSK mt cch tng ng. + 2 b nhn Mo v M1 nhn hai sng mang khi phc vi tn hiu 2 FSK. + 2 mch lc thng thp loi b cc thnh phn tn s cao sau khi nhn v mt mch khuch i so snh.
Trang 58

Nguyn l gii iu ch 2 FSK nht qun nh sau: Tn hiu 2 FSK c a n u vo th nht ca cc b nhn Mo v M1. u vo th hai ca Mo l tn hiu sng mang fo c to ra t b dao ng ni LOo. u vo th hai ca b nhn M 1 l sng mang c tn s f1 c to ra t b dao ng ni LO1. LO1 v LO2 u c khng ch bi tn hiu 2 FSK nhm m bo fo do LOo to ra ng pha vi fo trong tn hiu 2 FSK v f1 do LO1 to ra ng pha vi f1 trong tn hiu 2 FSK. Cc b nhn Mo v M1 thc hin nhn sng mang 2 FSK vi cc sng mang khi phc fo v f 1 tng ng. Nu sng mang 2 ng vo ca b nhn ng pha v cng tn s th ng ra ca b nhn s c in p l +U. Nu sng mang 2 ng vo ca b nhn cng tn s th b nhn s to ra in p 0V. in p sau cc b nhn c a qua mch lc thng thp loi b cc thnh phn tn s cao to ra sau khi nhn. in p sau khi lc c a vo mch so snh. ng ra ca mch khuch i so snh ta thu c tn hiu s gii iu ch. T phn tch trn, ta thy rng nu tn hiu 2 FSK u vo c tn s l fo th ng ra ca Mo c in p l +U, ng ra ca M1 c in p bng 0V v tn hiu ra sau gii iu ch l 0. Nu tn hiu 2 FSK c tn s l f1 th ng ra ca Mo bng 0V, ng ra ca M1 l +U v tn hiu ra sau gii iu ch l 1. Mch gii iu ch FSK nht qun khc phc c nhc im ca mch iu M ch FSK khng nht qun. Tuy nhin phng php ny c nhc im ln l mch i m LBF rt phc tp, vic khi phc cc sng mang fo v f1 cng rt kh khn nn t c Tn hiu Tn hiu Sng ng dng trong cc hch FSK thng thng. iu thng iu ch mang To sng *. iu ch pha - (a) iu ch pha mang gii V iu ch pha tng t t c s dng trong thc t nn trong phn ny ch Tn hiu U xt iu ch v gii iu ch pha vi tn hiu s. iu ch 0 1 0 1 - iu ch - Gii iu ch pha hai trng thi (2 PSK) t Sng ch pha hai t + iu mang cha trng thi (2 PSK) iu ch iu ch pha hai trng thi l iu ch m sau khi iu ch sng mang iu ch c hai trng thi pha so vi pha ca sng mang cha iu t ch. Sng mang iu t Hnh 1.58 mchs khi v dng sng ca mch iu ch pha hai trng thi. (b) Sin 1 (c)
Trang ch Hnh 1.58: iu59 2 PSK a) S khi ca mch iu ch 2 PSK. b) Dng sng ca iu ch 2 PSK. c) Biu pha ca iu ch pha 2 PSK

0 Cos

Tn hiu nh phn cn iu ch trc ht c a vo mch chuyn m bin i t m NRZ n cc sang NRZ lung cc. Sau , s liu c a n b nhn M nhn vi sng mang 2 . A cos( t +o ) to ra t mch to dao ng sng mang. ng ra ca b nhn ta thu c mt tn hiu m thnh phn chnh l d(t) 2 . A cos( +o + ) v mt s thnh phn pht sinh khng mong mun. Cc tn t t hiu ny c a qua mch lc bng loi b cc thnh phn khng cn thit. Kt qu, ng ra ta thu c mt tn hiu iu ch 2 PSK: Trong : d(t) l s liu s cn iu ch, o: pha ban u ca sng mang, A 2 : bin ca sng mang.
U (t ) = d (t ) 2 . A cos( +o + ) . t t

V b nhn M nhn tn hiu iu ch d(t) vi sng mang pha nn c th vit li U(t) nh sau: U (t ) = A 2 . cos( t +t +o )

2 . A cos t

theo min

Trong t l gc lch pha do s liu iu ch gy ra ti thi im iu ch ( t = 0 hoc t = ). Ta nhn thy rng khi tn hiu iu ch l bit 0 tng ng vi d(t) = -1 v sng mang sau iu ch l: U (t ) = A 2 .cos( t + o + 0) . Khi tn hiu iu ch l bit 1 th d(t) = +1 v sng mang sau iu ch l:
U ( t ) = A 2 .cos( t + o + )

Trang 60

Nh vy sng mang sau iu ch pha c hai trng thi l ng pha vi sng mang cha iu ch (khi iu ch bit 0) v ngc pha vi sng mang cha iu ch (khi iu ch bit 1). Pha thu s da vo s chuyn pha ca sng mang thc hin gii iu ch. +Gii iu ch pha hai trng thi: Hnh 1.59 m t s khi ca mch gii iu ch 2 PSK bng vng kha pha COSTAS. M1 Tn hiu 2PSK Tn hiu gii iu ch

Lc thng thp cos( t + o) VCO Lc vng M3

90o sin( t + o) Lc thng thp M2 HNH 1.59: Mch gii iu ch 2 PSK bng vng COSTAS Chc nng ca cc khi hnh 1.60 trn nh sau : B phn nhnh c nhim v chia tn hiu 2 PSK u vo thnh hai ng c bin bng nhau. M1 v M2 l cc b nhn thc hin gii iu ch.
A

Phn nhnh

90o: mch dch pha 90o bin sng mang 2 . sin( +o ) . t

A 2 . cos( +o ) t

thnh sng mang

VCO: b dao ng c iu khin bng in p. Lc thng thp: lc b cc thnh phn tn s cao pht sinh sau khi nhn tn hiu 2 PSK vi sng mang khi phc. M3: b nhn tm kim sai pha gia sng mang 2 PSK v sng mang khi phc. Kt qu sai pha s th hin bng in p li. Lc vng: lc in p t ng ra ca b nhn a vo iu chnh tn s v pha ca b dao ng VCO. C th phn tch nguyn l hot ng ca mch da trn s khi hnh 1.59 nh sau: Sng mang 2 PSK c chia thnh hai ng a n cc b nhn M1 v
Trang 61

M2. M1 thc hin nhn sng mang 2 PSK c biu thc: U (t ) = A 2 .cos( t + o + t ) vi sng mang khi phc c to ra t b dao ng VCO: cos( t + o ) . B nhn M2 nhn sng mang 2 PSK: A 2.cos( t + o + t ) vi sng mang khi phc to ra t b dao ng VCO v qua dch pha 90o: sin(t + o ) . ng ra ca M1 ta thu c tn hiu l: A
=
2.cos( t + o + t ) . cos( t + o ) =

1 .2 A[sin( 2t + 2o + 2t ) + sin t ] = A. sin( 2t + 2o + t ) + A. sin t 2

ng ra ca b nhn M2 ta thu c tn hiu l:

A 2.cos( t + o + t ) . cos( t + o ) =

1 .2 A[sin( 2t + 2o + t ) + sin t ] = A. sin( 2t + 2o + t ) + A. sin t 2

Nh vy sau hai b nhn ta u thu c 2 thnh phn: 1 thnh phn tn s cao c tn s v gc pha l: (2t + 2o + 2t ) , 1 thnh phn tn s thp c gc pha l t. Cc thnh phn ny u mang tin, tuy nhin thnh phn tn s cao l khng cn thit. Cc b lc thng thp sau M1 v M2 s lc b cc thnh phn tn s cao, thnh phn tn s thp thu c sau cc b lc u l s liu gii iu ch. Tuy nhin ch cn ly s liu u ra ca mt b lc thng thp l . Tn hiu sau 2 mch lc thng thp c nhn vi nhau ti b nhn M3 pht hin s sai pha ca sng mang 2 PSK vi sng mang to ra t b dao ng VCO. Nu c sai pha hoc sai tn th M3 s to ra mt in p li. in p ny c lc qua mch lc vng a v iu chnh tn s v pha ca b dao ng VCO. Phng php iu ch, gii iu ch pha 2 trng thi c u im l mch in tng i n gin, khong cch gia cc trng thi pha ln nn c kh nng chng nhiu cao. Tuy nhin, do mi trng thi pha ch th hin c mt bit thng tin nn hiu qu truyn tin khng cao. tng hiu qu truyn tin, ngi ta thc hin iu ch pha nhiu trng thi hn. *. iu ch pha 4 trng thi - Gii iu ch pha 4 trng thi + iu ch pha 4 trng thi (QPSK) iu ch pha 4 trng thi cn c gi l iu ch 4 PSK hay iu ch cu phng pha hay iu ch QPSK, l phng thc iu ch pha m sng mang sau iu ch c 4 trng thi pha, mi trng thi pha mang hai bit thng tin. Hnh 1.60 m t s khi ca iu ch pha 4 trng thi: Mch hnh 1.60 gm c cc khi:

Trang 62

+ S/P: (mch chuyn i lung s t ni tip sang song song) c nhim v chia lung s iu ch thnh hai lung c tc bng nhau v bng 1/2 lung s vo. M1 Tn hiu iu ch Z1 VCO S/P Z2 S2(t) M2 Hnh 1.60 S khi ca iu ch pha 4 trng thi: + Z1 v Z2: cc mch chuyn i m c nhim v bin cc lung s S1 v S2 t m NRZ n cc thnh m NRZ lng cc. + VCO: b to dao ng iu khin bng in p. + 90o: mch dch pha 90o bin sng mang A.cos ( t + ) thnh A.sin ( t + ). U + M1 v M2: hai b nhn thc hin nhn cc tn hiu s S1(t) v S2(t) vi cc S + 0 0 ( t 1 1 1 0 sng mang A.cos( tliu ) v A.sin0 1 + ) tng ng. 1 1 t iu ch + : mch cng c nhim v cng cc tn hiu sau cc b nhn M1 v M2 0 0 1 1 1 t c tn hiu QPSK. s S Lung 1 1 1 0 1 Nguyn Lung s S ca mch iu ch pha nh sau: S liu iu ch a n l hot ng 0 t 2 mch bin i t ni tip sang song song c bin thnh hai lung s c tc bng t nhau v bngSnglung s vo. Cc lung s S1 v S2 sau c chuyn m t NRZ 1/2 mang cha iu ch n cc sang NRZ lng cc nh cc mch chuyn m Z1 v Z2. Sau khi chuyn m t ta thu cSnglung s tng ng l S1(t) v S2(t). B nhn M1 nhn tn hiu S1(t) cc mang iu ch vi sng mang A.cos( t + ) do b dao ng VCO to ra, b nhn M2 nhn tn (a) hiu S2(t) vi sng mang A.sin( t + ) do b dao ng VCO to ra v qua dch Sin o pha 90 . Sau cc b nhn M1, M2 o thu c cc tn hiu 2 PSK l S1(t).Acos( t + ta 01 (135 ) 00 (45o) ) v S2(t).Asin( t + ). Hai tn hiu ny c cng vi nhau qua mch cng v ng ra ca mch cng ta thu c tn hiu 4 PSK (QPSK) c biu thc ton hc l: Cos S1(t).Acos( t + ) + S2(t).Asin( t + ) = A.cos ( t + + t) 11 (225o) 10 (315o)
Trang 63 (b) HNH 1.61: Dng sng (a) v biu pha ca iu ch QPSK (b)

S1(t)

Tn hiu QPSK 90o

 t: gc dch pha do iu ch pha sinh ra Hnh 1.61 m t dng sng v biu pha ca iu ch pha 4 trng thi: + Gii iu ch pha 4 trng thi (gii iu ch QPSK) C nhiu phng php thc hin gii iu ch pha 4 trng thi, trong c mt s phng php nh: vng nhn pha, iu ch li, vng kha pha COSTAS. Ti liu ny cp n phng php gii iu ch QPSK bng vng S1 Lung s COSTAS. M1 Lc Hnh 1.62 m t s khi ca mch gii iu ch ny. Nhim v ca cc khi thng trong s hnh 1.62 nh sau: thp Tn M3 hiu QPSK LPF VCO
90o

Lc thng thp M2
Trang 64

M5 M4

Lung s S2

Hnh 1.62 S khi ca mch gii iu ch QPSK s dng vng kho pha COSTAS

M1, M2: cc b nhn c nhim v nhn sng mang iu ch QPSK vi sng mang khi phc. Mch lc thng thp c nhim v lc b cc thnh phn tn s cao sau khi nhn. M3, M4: cc b nhn cho pht hin sai pha ca cc tn hiu sau gii iu ch. M5: b tr xc nh sai pha gia sng mang iu ch QPSK v sng mang khi phc. LPF (Low Pass Filter): mch lc thng thp cn gi l mch lc vng. VCO: b dao ng c tn s v pha iu khin bng in p. 90o: mch dch pha 90o bin sng mang cos( t + ) thnh sin( t + ). M3, M4, M5 v LPF to thnh mt mch vng gi l vng COSTAS S1, S2: 2 lung s thu c sau gii iu ch C th phn tch nguyn l hot ng ca mch nh sau: Tn hiu sng mang iu ch QPSK l: A.cos( t + + t) c ng thi a n hai b nhn M1 v M2. b nhn M1: tn hiu ny c nhn vi sng mang cos( t + o). b nhn M2 tn hiu ny c nhn vi sng mang khi phc sin ( t + o) trong o l pha ca sng mang khi phc. Sau M1 ta c:
A. cos( t + + t ). cos( t + o ) = 1 A[cos( 2t + t + + o ) + cos( t + o )] = 2

A A . cos( 2t + + t + o ) + . cos( t + o ) 2 2

Sau M2 ta c:
A. cos( t + + t ). sin( t + o ) = 1 A[cos( 2t + t + + o ) + sin( t + o )] = 2

A A . cos( 2t + o + + o ) + . sin( t + o ) 2 2

Trang 65

Sau cc mch lc thng thp ta thu c cc thnh phn l:

S1 = A A . cos( t + o ), S 2 = . sin( t + o ) 2 2

Cc tn hiu ny c ti sinh, khi phc xung nhp v bin i t song song sang ni tip to li lung s nguyn thy nh tn hiu iu ch bn pht. Sau lc thng thp tn hiu c nhn cho vi nhau ti M3 v M4. Sau M3 v M4 ta thu c:
U S = S1 . S 2 = A A .cos( t + o ). .sin( t + o ) = 2 2 A2 1 A2 . sin 2( t + o ) = sin( 2 t + 2 2 o ) 2 2 4

Tn hiu US sau hai b nhn M3 v M4 c tr cho nhau ti M5 xc nh s sai pha ca tn hiu gii iu ch S1 v S2. sai pha ca hai tn hiu ny c th hin bng in p li v c lc vng qua mch lc thng thp LPF a v hiu chnh pha ca sng mang VCO sao cho hai tn hiu US ng pha nhau, c ngha l cc tn hiu S1 v S2 ng pha nhau. 2. S KHI H THNG CORDLESS PHONE V NGUYN L HOT NG a. Cc k thut bo v cho my cordless phone trong vic chng nghe trm v dng trm ng dy V bng tn v tuyn dnh cho in thoi b gii hn, do s c nhiu in thoi ng thi dng cng knh, iu ny cng gy mt s kh khn nht nh. Tuy nhin vi tm lin lc thch hp v s dng nhng k thut chnh xc, vic gim ti a giao thoa, reo chung sai v vn an ton c thc hin vic s dng in thoi corless phone t hiu qu tt. Chng ta i vo kho st nhng k thut ny. - Tn s rung chung ring bit Vic reo chung sai c gim thiu bng cch dng nhng tn s rung chung ring bit cho lin kt gia my m & my con. Bng cch ny hai in thoi dng cng knh hoc vng ph sng chng ln nhau khng gy rung chung ca my ny sang my khc. - Tn hiu iu khin hoc Tone bo v ring bit. S dng nhiu tn hiu iu khin ( pilot signal ) hoc Tone bo v ( guardtone) cho lin kt gia my m & my con chng li vic s dng trm ng dy in

Trang 66

thoi. My m p ng vi my con khi tn hiu thoi iu khin chnh xc c gi t my con nu my con dng cng knh v tuyn vi my m. - M ho s. Vi my in thoi cordless phone i c ch dng tn hiu iu khin v tn s rung chung bo v chng dng trm ng dy in thoi v rung chung sai. i vi nhng my i mi c s dng k thut m s gia my m v my con. Vi k thut ny khng cn dng nhng tn hiu iu khin, tn s rung chung ring bit, v vy tt c cc my in thoi corless phone c s dng k thut m ho s u c s dng chung 1 tn hiu iu khin v tn hiu rung chung. Tuy nhin i vi mi hng sn xut khc nhau h s dng mi phng php m ho s khc nhau. b. S khi h thng *. S khi BASE UNIT (my m) : Hnh 1.63 - Chc nng cc khi Hybrid: Cu sai ng phn chia hng pht & hng thu Mic Amplier: B khuch i mic nhm nng cao mc in dng pht thoi. Ring Detector: B tch sng chung: thu tn hiu chung h tn t tng i a ti & tch sng ly thnh phn mt chiu cp cho b to dao ng. Ring OSC: B to dao ng sng chung m tn. Audio Amplier: B khuch i m tn.( b tin khuch i dng pht thoi) FM Modulator: B iu ch tn s (b iu tn). RF Amplier: B khuch i cao tn. RF Output: B khuch i cng sut ra cao tn. Mixer: B gii iu ch. IF Filter: B lc trung tn. .

Trang 67

Call detecter RF Amp

IF Mixer IF Mixer Filter Filter1 2 1 2
IF Amp Limiter

Chime Audio Amp Audio Ouput

Detector

LPF

OSC1

OSC2

Pilot Detector

SRY Relay Tel/INT Switch ng

Line

dy

Hybrid

SRY

RF Output

RF Amp

FM Modulator

Audio Amplifier

Audio Amp

Mic

Call Pilot Switching Ring Ring OSC Detecter Call Hnh 1.64. S khi BASE UNIT (my m) D2

IF Ampli Limitter: B khuch i trung tn hn ch bin . Detector: B tch sng. Low Pass Filter: B lc thng thp (LPF) Call Filter: B lc tn hiu gi. Audio Output: B khuch i cng sut ra. Pilot Detector: B tch sng iu khin. SRY Relay: Rle ng m mch m thoi. Chime: B to tn hiu chung m tn. *. S khi Handset (my con) hnh1.64 - Chc nng cc khi RF Amplier: B khuch i cao tn. Mixer: B gii iu ch. IF Filter: B lc trung tn. IF Ampli Limitter: B khuch i trung tn hn ch bin .
Trang 68

 Detector: B tch sng. Audio Amplifier: B khuch i m tn. Call Detector: B tch sng tn hiu gi. Audio Output: B khuch i cng sut ra. Speaker Ring: Loa chung. (a pht m) Speaker switching: iu khin tn hiu ra loa. RF Power Amplifier: B khuch i cng sut cao tn. RF Trippler Amplifier: B khuch i nhn tn. TX OSC Amplifier: B khuch i dao ng pht. FM Modulator: B iu tn ( b iu ch theo tn s). Key Board: Bn phm. Pilot OSC / Call: B to tn hiu iu khin dao ng hoc to tn hiu gi. Call Pilot Switching: Chuyn mch tn hiu iu khin gi.
RF Amp Mixer IF Filter IF Amp Limiter
Detector

LPF

Audio Amp

Speaker Ring OSC

Call Detector

Audio Ouput speaker Swiching Speaker

Thu 3,6 Volt 2 1 0 2 1 0

Pht t Mic RF Power Amp RF Trippler Amp Tx OSC Amp FM Modulator Audio Amp Call Pilot Switching Key Board Call Pilot OSC/CALL

Hnh 1.64 : S khi Handset (my con)

Trang 69

c - Phn tch hot ng ca h thng *. Mch thu chung - Mch thu chung t tng i ti Ngun chung h tn t tng i ng dy Ring detector. B Ring Detector tch sng tn hiu chung h tn ly ngun mt chiu cp cho Ring OSC. B Ring OSC to dao ng chung m tn a ti b Audio Amplifier khuch i nng cao mc in p a ti FM Modulator iu ch theo tn s. Bin tn hiu chung m tn thnh tn hiu chung cao tn a ti b RF Amplifier khuch i cao tn nng cao mc in p a ti RF Output khuch i cng sut - a ln anten pht - a ln khng gian ti anten thu ca my con. Tn hiu chung cao tn ti anten thu ca my con c RF Amplifier khuch i cao tn nng cao mc in b p li phn tiu hao trong khng gian - a ti Mixer gii iu ch vi dao ng ti tn OSC bin i tn hiu chung cao tn thnh tn hiu chung trung tn - a qua b lc IF Filter lc ly tn hiu trung tn a ti b IF Amplifier Limitter khuch i hn ch bin trung tn nng cao mc in v gt b thnh phn nhiu v bin - tn hiu chung a ti b Detector tch sng ly thnh phn tn hiu chung m tn a ti b lc thng thp (LPF) lc ly thnh phn tn hiu chung m tn, a ti b Audio Amplifier khuch i m tn nng cao mc in p a qua b call Detector tch sng tn hiu chung m tn, a qua b khuch i cng sut ra Audio Output ti a pht m. a pht m pht ra ting chung m tn bo cho ch thu bao bit c cuc gi ti. - Mch thu chung t my m gi ti my con: Khi my m (Base Unit) mun gi my con (Handset) th my m n Tel/ In tch ng dy ra khi mch m thoi, n Call cp mass cho Ring OSC. Ring OSC c cp mass c ngun lm vic to ra dao ng chung m tn a ti b Audio Amplifier khuch i m tn nng cao mc in p a ti FM Modulator iu ch theo tn s. Bin tn hiu chung m tn thnh tn hiu chung cao tn a ti b RF Amplifier khuch i cao tn nng cao mc in p a ti b khuch i cng sut cao tn RF Output - a ln anten pht - a ln khng gian ti anten thu ca my con. Tn hiu chung cao tn ti anten thu ca my con c RF Amplifier khuch i cao tn nng cao mc in p b p li phn tiu hao trong khng gian - a ti Mixer gii iu ch vi dao ng ti tn OSC bin i tn hiu chung cao tn thnh tn hiu chung trung tn - a qua b lc IF Filter lc ly tn hiu trung tn a ti b IF Amplifier Limitter khuch i hn ch bin trung tn nng cao
Trang 70

mc in v gt b thnh phn nhiu v bin - tn hiu chung a ti b Detector tch sng ly thnh phn tn hiu chung m tn a ti b lc thng thp (LPF) ti b Audio Amplifier khuch i m tn p a qua b call Detector tch sng ly tn hiu chung, a qua b khuch i cng sut ra Audio Output ti a pht m. a pht m pht ra ting chung m tn bo cho ch thu bao bit c cuc gi t my m ti. - Mch thu chung t my con gi my m: Khi my con (Handset) cn gi my m (Base Unit) th my con n talk cp ngun cho cc b phn trong my con lm vic v n Call Pilot Switching th b Pilot OSC / Call to ra dao ng chung m tn a ti b FM Modulator iu ch tn s bin i tn hiu chung m tn thnh tn hiu chung cao tn, a qua b TX OSC Amplifier khuch i dao ng pht cao tn & b RF Trippler Amplifier khuch i nhn tn v b RF Power Amplifier khuch i cng sut tn hiu cao tn, nng cao mc in tn hiu chung cao tn a ln anten pht my con - a ln khng gian ti anten thu ca my m. Tn hiu chung cao tn t anten thu my m c a ti b RF Amplifier khuch i cao tn nng cao mc in p b p phn tn hiu b tiu hao trong khng gian - a qua b Mixer1 Amplifier gii iu ch ln 1 vi dao ng ti tn OSC1. Tn hiu sau khi c gii iu ch ln 1 c a qua b lc trung tn 1 (IF Filter1) lc ly di tn s 10,7 MHz - tn hiu ny c a qua b gii iu ch ln 2 (Mixer2) & a qua b lc trung tn 2 (Filter2) lc ly tn hiu trung tn c di tn s 455KHz. Tn hiu trung tn c b khuch i hn ch ( If Amplifier Limitter) khuch i nng cao mc in trung tn v gt b thnh phn nhiu v bin - a qua b tch sng (Detector) tch ly thnh phn tn hiu chung m tn a qua b tch sng chung (Call Detector) tch ly thnh phn tn hiu chung m tn, a ti b to dao ng chung m tn (chime), ti b khuch i cng sut ra (Audio Output) nng cao mc in a ra loa - pht ra ting chung bo cho ngi my m bit c my con gi ti. *. Mch thu - pht thoi (m thoi) - Mch thu - pht thoi vi i phng Khi nghe chung gi, n nt Talk my con. B Pilot OSC / Call lm vic iu khin cp ngun mt chiu cho cc b phn my con lm vic, ng thi pht i mt xung dng (tn hiu iu khin Pilot). Xung dng ny i qua b FM Modulator iu ch theo tn s bin i tn hiu Pilot thnh tn hiu cao tn, a ti TX OSC Amplifier khuch i dao ng pht cao tn ti b RF Trippler khuch i nhn tn,
Trang 71

ti RF Power Amplifier khuch i cng sut cao tn, nng cao mc in pht a ra anten pht my con a ln khng gian ti anten thu my m a vo RF Amplifier khuch i nng cao mc in p cao tn b p li phn tiu hao trong khng gian, a ti b gii iu ch 1(Mixer1) vi dao ng ti tn OSC1. Tn hiu sau khi gii iu ch ln 1 c a qua b lc trung tn 1( Filter1) lc ly di tn s 10,7 MHz - tn hiu ny c a qua b gii iu ch trung tn 2 (Mixer 2) vi dao ng ti tn OSC2 sau a qua b lc trung tn 2 (Filter2) lc ly tn hiu trung tn c di tn s 455KHz a qua b khuch i hn ch Amplifier Limitter khuch i nng cao mc in trung tn v gt b thnh phn nhiu v bin , ti b tch sng (Detector) tch ly phn tn hiu m tn a qua b tch sng iu khin (Pilot Detector) tch ly thnh phn mt chiu cp cho Rle (SRY Relay). Rle ng tc ng tip im SRY ni kn mch vng thu bao. + Mch thu thoi: Tn hiu thoi t i phng ng dy Tel/INT.Switch SRY Hybrit (Audio Amplifier) khuch i m tn nng cao mc in p FM Modulator iu ch theo tn s, bin i tn hiu m tn thnh tn hiu cao tn RF Amplifier khuch i in p cao tn b khuch i cng sut ra cao tn RF Output anten pht khng gian anten thu ca my con (Handset) b khuch i cao tn RF Amplifier nng cao mc in p b p li phn tiu hao trong khng gian b gii iu ch tn s vi ti tn osc (Mixer) bin i tn hiu cao tn thnh tn hiu trung tn b lc trung tn (IF Filter) b khuch i trung tn hn ch bin trung tn (IF Amplifier Limitter) khuch i nng cao mc in v gt b thnh phn nhiu v bin b tch sng (Detector) tch ly tn hiu m tn b lc thng thp (LPF) lc ly thnh phn tn hiu m tn b khuch i m tn (Audio Amplifier) nng cao mc in p b khuch i cng sut ra (Audio Output) b iu khin tn hiu ra loa (Speaker Switching) tai nghe. + Mch pht thoi: Dng pht thoi i t Mic ca my con b khuch i m tn (Audio Amplifier) khuch i nng cao mc in p FM Modulator iu ch tn s, bin tn hiu ting ni m tn thnh tn hiu cao tn b khuch i dao ng pht, khuch i nhn tn & b khuch i cng sut cao tn nng cao mc cng sut pht anten pht ca my con khng gian anten thu ca my m b khuch i cao tn (RF Amplifier) nng cao mc in p b p li phn tiu hao trong khng gian Mixer1 gii iu ch ln 1 vi ti tn osc1, thc hin bin i tn hiu cao
Trang 72

tn thnh tn hiu trung tn b lc trung tn 1 ( IF Filter1) lc ly di tn 10,7 MHz Mixer2 gii iu ch ln 2 vi ti tn osc2 b lc trung tn 2 ( IF Filter2) lc ly di tn 455KHz b khuch i hn ch trung tn (IF Amplifier Limitter) khuch i nng cao mc in & gt b thnh phn nhiu v bin b tch sng (Detector) tch ly tn hiu m tn Low pass Filter lc ly tn hiu m tn bng thoi b khuch i m tn (Audio Amplifier) nng cao mc in cu sai ng (Hybrid) SRY IN/ TEL Switch ng dy i phng. - Mch m thoi gia my m vi my con + My m ni - my con nghe: Khi my m mun m thoi vi my con th my m n nt Tel/IN Switch ct mch m thoi vi i phng & my con n Talk cp ngun cho cc b phn my con lm vic. Khi ni p lc m thanh tc ng vo ng ni (Mic). Mic bin dao ng m thanh thnh dao ng in a ti Mic Amplifier khuch i in p m tn, nng cao mc in Audio Amplifier khuch i m tn FM Modulator iu ch tn s, bin i tn hiu m tn thnh tn hiu cao tn RF Amp khuch i in p cao tnRF Output khuch i cng sut ra anten pht khng gian anten thu ca my con RF Amplifier khuch i in p cao tn b p li s tiu hao ca tn hiu qua khng gian Mixer thc hin gii iu ch tn s vi ti tn osc bin i tn hiu cao tn thnh tn hiu trung tn b lc trung tn IF Filter lc ly bng trung tn tn tn hiu thoi IF Amplifier Limitter khuch i trung tn hn ch nng cao mc in gt b thnh phn nhiu v bin b tch sng Detector tch ly tn hiu m tn b lc thng thp LPF lc ly bng tn m thoi Audio Amplifier khuch i nng cao mc in p m tn Audio Output khuch i cng sut ra Speaker Switching iu khin tn hiu thoi ra tai nghe a ra ng nghe my con. + My con ni - my m nghe: Khi ni trc ng ni, p lc m thanh tc ng vo ng ni, ng ni bin dao ng m thanh thnh dao ng in Audio Amplifier khuch i m tn nng cao mc in p FM Modulator iu ch tn s bin tn hiu m tn thnh tn hiu cao tn TX OSC Amplifier khuch i dao ng pht cao tn RF Tripple Amplifier khuch i nhn tn nng cao mc in p RF Power Amplifier khuch i cng sut tn hiu cao tn anten pht khng gian anten thu ca my m RF Amplifier khuch i in p cao tn b p li s tiu hao ca tn hiu qua khng
Trang 73

gian Mixer1 gii iu ch ln 1 bin i tn hiu cao tn thnh tn hiu trung tn b lc trung tn 1 ( IF Filter 1) lc ly bng tn 10,7MHz Mixer 2 thc hin gii iu ch ln 2 b lc trung tn 2 ( IF Filter 2) lc ly bng tn 455KHz IF Amplifier Limitter khuch i trung tn hn ch bin nng cao mc in & gt b thnh phn mhiu v bin b tch sng Detector tch ly tn hiu m tn b lc thng thp Low pass Filter lc ly bng tn m thoi Audio Amplifier khuch i nng cao mc in p Audio Output khuch i cng sut ra a ra loa my m. *. Mch pht s - Pht s ch pulse . Chuyn kho P/T sang v tr Pulse (P) . Khi mun gi ti i phng, thu bao n nt Talk cp ngun cho my con lm vic, nghe m mi n s mi tin hnh n s thu bao b gi. . Khi n phm, bn phm tc ng ti IC pht s, cn c cc s c n IC pht s a dng xung thp phn c s chu k xung tng ng vi phm c n Pilot OSC chuyn mch iu khin gi theo dng xung thp phn FM Modulator iu ch tn s, bin tn hiu iu khin thnh tn hiu cao tn TX OSC Amplifier khuch i dao ng pht cao tn RF Trippler Amplifier khuch i nhn tn nng cao mc in p cao tn RF Power Amplifier khuch i cng sut tn hiu cao tn anten pht khng gian anten thu my m RF Amplifier khuch i in p cao tn b p s tiu hao ca tn hiu trong khng gian Mixer1 gii iu ch tn s ln 1 bin i tn hiu cao tn thnh tn hiu trung tn b lc trung tn 1 ( IF Filter1 ) lc ly di tn 10,7 MHz Mixer2 gii iu ch tn s ln 2 b lc trung tn 2 ( IF Filter2 ) lc ly di tn 455KHz IF Amplifier Limitter khuch i hn ch trung tn nng cao mc in v gt b thnh phn nhiu v bin Detector tch sng ly thnh phn m tn Pilot detector tch sng iu khin rle (SRY Relay) nh, ht ng m mch vng thu bao to dng xung thp phn a ln ng dy n tng i, tng i s nhn c s in thoi t my con pht n - Pht s Ch tone. . Chuyn kho P/T sang v tr tone (T) . Khi n phm, bn phm tc ng ti IC pht s, IC pht s s a dng DTMF l 1 t hp 2 sng hnh sin c tn s tng ng vi hng v ct ca phm c n
Trang 74

FM Modulator iu ch tn s, bin i tn hiu DTMF thnh tn hiu cao tn TX Osc Amplifier nng cao mc in RF Amplifier khuch i in p cao tn RF Power Amlifier khuch i cng sut cao tn anten pht khng gian anten thu my m RF Amlifier khuch i in p cao tn b p li phn tiu hao trong khng gian Mixer 1 gii iu ch ln 1 vi ti tn Osc1 bin i tn hiu cao tn thnh tn hiu trung tn b lc trung tn 1 ( IF Filter1) lc ly di tn 10,7MHz Mixer 2 gii iu ch ln 2 vi ti tn Osc 2 b lc trung tn 2 ( IF Filter2) lc ly di tn 455KHz IF Amplifier Limiter khuch i trung tn hn ch bin nng cao mc in v gt b thnh phn nhiu v bin Detector tch sng ly thnh phn tn hiu m tn Low Pass Filter lc ly tn hiu m tn Audio Amplifiter khuch i nng cao mc in p Hybrid phn chia hng pht hng thu qua tip im Rle, SRY Tel/Int Switch ng dy tng i, tng i nhn c dng DTMF t my con gi n. BI TP CHNG I BI TP 1: MY IN THOI N PHM Mc ch: Gip hc vin lm quen v c k nng phn tch mch, khoanh vng pan, lp t, sa cha c my in thoi n phm thng dng. Ni dung: I. MY IN THOI SIEMENS 802 MODEL 3 1. MCH IN NGUYN L: Hnh bt1.1 2. TC DNG CC LINH KIN
R301: bo v qu p, bo v an ton cho ton my R300: bo v qu p, bo v an ton cho cc mch in trong my U8: bo v qu p, bo v an ton cho IC: TEA1062A U5: bo v qu p, bo v an ton cho IC: W91314A U1 U4: cu chng o cc, gi cho cc tnh ngun 1 chiu cp cho cc c

kin trong my c nh.

U31: (kho in t) n ng m mch vng thu bao v tham gia vo mch

iu khin pht s ch pulse.

U34: tham gia cng vi R4, R11, R13 lm mch nh thin phn p cho U31 v

tham gia vo mch iu khin pht s ch pulse cng vi U31.

U32: n ng m mch cho php IC pht s lm vic

Trang 75

 U35: kt hp vi R12, R50, R25 to thnh mch nh thin phn p cho U34. U6: Khng nh cc tnh ngun mt chiu cp cho IC W91314A v cn dng

phng in ca C7 trong qu trnh pht s ch pulse ti thi im xung khng dng. IC: LS1240A: l IC thu chung khng cu nn in bn ngoi IC: TEA1062A: l IC khuch i m tn IC: W91314A: l IC pht s
G1: thch anh cng vi C33 v C34 to dao ng chun c f = 3,57945 Mhz C1: ngn dng 1 chiu v dn dng chung h tn R1: gy st p bt dng chung h tn C1 v R1: To thnh mch phi hp tr khng gia ng dy vi mch thu

chung.
C2, R2: kt hp vi b to dao ng trong IC thu chung to ra dao ng

chung m tn
C3: T lc ngun sau b nn trong IC thu chung R3: in tr gy st bt in p chung m tn khi kho Ringer v tr s

2(L) Ringer: Kho la chn mc chung m tn ra PIEZO PIEZO: L a pht m bin dng chung m tn thnh ting chung.
R6, R8, R7: in tr nh thin phn p cho U32 C6: L t lc ngun n nh in p cho U32 C41: L t lc nhiu C16, C9, C8, C17, C19, C22, C23, C24, C27, C32: L cc t lc nhiu R17: Dn ngun 1 chiu v gy st p bo v an ton cho IC R18, C15: Phi hp tr khng gia ng dy vi b khuch i thu R26, R27: in tr dn ngun 1 chiu v gy st p bo v an ton cho ng ni. R29, C20: Phi hp tr khng gia ng ni vi u vo b khuch i pht. R20, R22, R23, R24, C14: Tham gia vo mch cn bng vi tr khng ng dy

v tham gia vo mch kh trc m.

C28, R37, C29: Dn hi tip m cho b khuch i kh trc m R32, C26: Dn hi tip m cho b khuch i thu R51: Dn hi tip m cho b khuch i pht

Trang 76

 R34, C25: Phi hp tr khng gia u ra b khuch i thu vi ng nghe ;

ngoi ra C25 cn c nhim v ngn dng mt chiu, dn dng thu thoi.

R43, R42, C30, C32: Phi hp tr khng gia b khuch i trn tn trong IC pht

s vi u vo b khuch i dng DTMF trong IC khuch i m tn.

Hnh bt1.1: Mch in nguyn l my in thoi SIEMENS 802 Model 3 C31: T lc ngun cho IC khuch i m tn
R40, R38: in tr cn bng in p lm tng nhy cho b khuch i thu C10, C11, C12, C13: Cc t lc nhiu v gi cho IC pht s khng lm vic vi

cc tn hiu gi gi.
R25: in tr cn bng in p lm tng nhy cho khuch i pht trong

IC khuch i. 3. NGUYN L LM VIC a - Mch thu chung Dng chung h tn t tng i a ti trn 2 dy tip v ring. T dy tip S1 C1 t vo chn 1IC chung v t dy ring R1 t vo chn 8 IC chung. IC thu chung lm vic, nn dng chung h tn thnh ngun 1 chiu c t C3 lc. Ngun 1 chiu cp cho cc phn t tch cc trong IC lm vic. B to dao ng trong IC kt
Trang 77

hp vi t C2, R2 to ra dao ng chung m tn ra chn 5 IC chung kho Ringer PIEZO chn 2 IC chung, kn mch. a pht m pht ra ting chung bo cho ch thu bao bit c cuc gi ti. b- Mch cp ngun 1 chiu Thu bao nhc t hp S1 chuyn trng thi, ngun 1 chiu t tng i ng dy CCC (xem nguyn l lm vic cu chng o cc trang 17). - Mch cp ngun khi ng IC pht s: (+) CCC R12 R49 R17 U6 chn 14 IC pht s cc mch in trong IC chn 5, 6 t (-) CCC. IC pht s c cp ngun khi ng a mc cao ra chn 11 t vo cc b ca U34 lm cho U34 thng. a mc thp t t R13 U34 R11 t vo cc b ca U31 lm cho U31 thng. ng kn mch vng thu bao. - Mch cp ngun cho IC pht s lm vic: (+) CCC U31 R17 U6 chn 14 IC pht s cc mch in trong IC chn 5, 6 t (-) CCC. - Mch cho php IC pht s lm vic (+) CCC R6 R8 R7 t (-) CCC. St p trn R8, R6, R7 nh thin phn p cho U32, U32 thng, a mc thp t t U32 chn 10 IC (chn CE). Chn 10IC pht s xung mc thp. cho php IC pht s chu mi tc ng ca bn phm. - Mch cp ngun cho IC khuch i lm vic: (+) CCC U31 R17 chn 13 IC khuch i cc mch in trong IC chn 9 IC khuch i t (-) CCC. - Mch cp ngun cho ng ni: (+) CCC U31 R17 R26 ng ni R27 t (-) CCC. c- Mch thu thoi Tn hiu thoi t i phng ng dy CCC U31 R18 C15 chn 10 IC khuch i b khuch i thu trong IC chn 9 IC khuch i t CCC ng dy i phng, kn mch. B khuch i thu trong IC khuch i nng cao mc in a dng thu thoi ra chn 4 IC khuch i R34 C25 tai nghe t chn 9 IC khuch i, kn mch. d- Mch pht thoi

Trang 78

Dng pht thoi t mt u ng ni R29 C20 chn 7 IC khuch i b khuch i pht trong IC khuch i chn 9 IC khuch i t R27 u kia ng ni, kn mch. B khuch i pht trong IC khuch i, khuch i nng cao mc in, a dng pht thoi ra chn 1 IC khuch i R19 U31 CCC ng dy i phng ng dy CCC t chn 9 IC khuch i, kn mch. e- Mch pht s - Mch pht s ch pulse Chuyn kho chn phng php pht s v pha pulse a mc cao t chn 14 IC pht s t vo chn 13 IC pht s. IC pht s xc nh lm vic ch pulse. Khi n phm, IC pht s lm vic, a dng xung thp phn c s chu k xung tng ng vi phm c n ra chn 11 IC pht s t vo cc b ca U34. ng vi mc thp, U34 tt do cc b ca U31 ln mc cao nn U31 tt, h mch vng thu bao, pht ln ng dy ti tng i mt xung khng dng. ng vi mc cao, U34 thng a mc thp t t R13 U34 R11 t vo cc b ca U31 lm cho U31 thng, ng kn mch vng thu bao, pht ln ng dy ti tng i mt xung c dng. Qu trnh c tip tc nh vy cho n ht lot xung. Kt thc lot xung chn 11 IC pht s ln mc cao t vo cc b ca U34 lm cho U34 thng do U31 thng, ng kn mch vng thu bao, my tr li lm vic bnh thng. - Mch pht s ch tone Chuyn kho chn phng php pht s v pha tone a mc thp t t t vo chn 13 IC pht s. IC pht s xc nh lm vic ch tone. Khi n phm, IC pht s lm vic, a dng DTMF l 1 t hp 2 sng hnh sin c tn s tng ng vi hng v ct ca phm c n ra chn 12 IC pht s R43 C30 chn 11IC khuch i b khuch i dng DTMF trong IC khuch i chn 9 IC khuch i t chn 5,6 IC pht s, kn mch. B khuch i dng DTMF khuch i, nng cao mc in a dng DTMF ra chn 1IC khuch i R19 U31 CCC ng dy tng i ng dy CCC t chn 9 IC khuch i, kn mch. - Mch dit ting click Trong qu trnh pht s, IC pht s a mc thp ra chn 9 IC pht s (bnh thng khi m thoi chn 9 c mc cao) t vo chn 12 IC khuch i lm h mch thu thoi, dit c ting click i vo tai nghe.
Trang 79

II. MY IN THOI N PHM NEC 42-S 1. MCH IN NGUYN L : Hnh bt1.2 2. TC DNG CC LINH KIN
ZNR1: bo v qu p cho ton my

Cun 1-2 v cun 3-4: cun gia cm

D5 D8: Cu chng o cc (CCC) C1: Ngn dng 1 chiu v dn tn hiu chung h tn C1 kt hp vi R1 to thnh mch phi hp tr khng gia ng dy vi

mch thu chung.

R1: Gy st p bt ngun chung h tn bo v an ton cho mch thu chung D1 D4: Cu nn - nn ngun chung h tn thnh ngun 1 chiu. C2: T lc ngun sau nn ZD1: n nh in p bo v an ton cho IC1 (BA8206) IC1 (BA8206): L IC thu chung, to ra dao ng chung m tn khi c ngun

1 chiu cung cp.

R3 - C3 & R4 - C4: Tham gia cng mch to dao ng trong IC to dao ng

chung m tn.
R2: in tr cn bng in p, nhm tng nhy ca IC1 R5, R6, R7: in tr hn ch dng chung m tn D10: Bo v a pht m

PIEZO: a pht m
R9: in tr dn ngun 1 chiu cp b nh RAM trong IC2 D9 v D11: Diode khng nh cc tnh ngun 1 chiu cp cho IC2 v cn dng

phng in ca C8 trong qu trnh pht s ch pulse.

R11 v R12: in tr nh thin phn p cho Q1 Q1: n ng m mch cho php IC2 lm vic

Trang 80

Hnh bt1.2: Mch in nguyn l my in thoi NEC 42-S R10: in tr ti ca Q1

C8, C9, C29, C30: Cc t lc ngun C7, C10, C11, C20, C21, C23, C25, C35, C38: Cc t lc nhiu C11 v C12: Tham gia cng XTAL to ra dao ng chun 3,57945 MHz. R15 v R17: in tr nh thin phn p cho Q3 R14, R16, RCE ca Q3: To thnh mch nh thin phn p cho Q2 ZNR2: Bo v qu p cho cc mch in trong my ZD2: Bo v qu p cho IC2 TE A1062 (IC pht s) ZD3: Bo v qu p cho IC3 UM 91214A (IC khuch i) Q2: n ng m mch vng thu bao Q3: n iu khin ng m ca Q2 Q2 v Q3: Tham gia vo mch iu khin pht s ch pulse

Trang 81

 R30: in tr gy st p bo v an ton cho IC2 v IC3 R31: in tr gy st p bo v an ton cho IC2 R23 v R18: in tr nh thin phn p cho Q4 Q4: n tham gia vo mch dit ting click R45: in tr ti ca Q4 v dn hi tip m cho b khuch i dng DTMF

trong IC3.
R35 v R36: in tr cn bng in p, nhm tng nhy cho b khuch i

thu trong IC3.

R25, C24: ngn ngun 1 chiu, dn tn hiu thoi v phi hp tr khng gia

ng dy vi u vo b khuch i thu.
R40, C34: To thnh mch dn hi tip m cho b khuch i thu C36: T phi hp tr khng gia u ra mch khuch i thu vi tai nghe v

ngn dng 1 chiu, dn dng thoi qua tai nghe.

R37, C33: To thnh mch phi hp tr khng gia ng ni vi u vo b

khuch i pht.
R33: in tr dn hi tip m cho b khuch i kh trc m trong IC3. R26, R27, R28, R29, C26, C27: Tham gia vo mch cn bng kh trc m. R19, R20, R21, R22, R24, C22: To thnh mch phi hp tr khng gia u ra ca

b khuch i trn tn trong IC2 vi u vo b khuch i dng DTMF trong IC3, ngn ngun 1 chiu, dn tn hiu DTMF. 3. NGUYN L LM VIC a. Mch thu chung Ngun chung h tn t tng i a ln ng dy T-R thng qua C1-R1 t vo 2 u cu nn D1 D4. Cu nn, nn ngun chung h tn thnh ngun 1 chiu c C2 lc v ZD1 n nh. a (+) ngun vo chn 1 v (-) ngun vo chn 5 ca IC1, cp cho cc phn t tch cc trong IC1 lm vic. B to dao ng trong IC1 kt hp vi R3, C3 & R4, C4 to ra dao ng chung m tn a ra chn 8 IC1 kho Ringer PIEZO chn 5 IC1, kn mch. PIEZO pht ra ting chung bo cho ch thu bao bit c cuc gi ti. b. Mch cp ngun 1 chiu - Mch cp ngun nui b nh: (+) CCC R9 D9 chn 6 IC2 b nh RAM trong IC2 chn 5 IC2 t (-) CCC, kn mch.
Trang 82

- Mch cp ngun khi ng IC2: (+) CCC HS R15 R17 t (-) CCC. St p trn R15, R17 nh thin phn p cho Q3 lm Q3 thng a mc thp t t Q3 R16 t vo cc b Q2 lm Q2 thng (Q2 v Q3 thng nhng cha thng bo ho). Khi c dng khi ng cho IC2 lm vic theo mch. (+) CCC HS Q2 R30 D11 R31 chn 6 IC2 mch in trong IC2 chn 5 IC2 t (-) CCC, kn mch. IC2 c cp ngun khi ng a mc cao ra chn 9 IC2 t vo cc b ca Q3 lm cho Q3 thng bo ho nn dn ti Q2 thng bo ho, ng kn mch vng thu bao. - Mch cp ngun cho IC2 lm vic: (+) CCC HS Q2 R30 D11 R31 chn 6 IC2 mch in trong IC2 chn 5 IC2 t (-) CCC kn mch. - Mch cp ngun cho IC3 lm vic: (+) CCC HS Q2 R30 chn 13 IC3 cc mch in trong IC3 chn 9 IC3 t (-) CCC, kn mch. - Mch cho php IC2 lm vic: (+) CCC HS R11 R12 t (-) CCC, kn mch. St p trn R12, R11 nh thin phn p cho Q1 thng, a mc thp t t Q1 chn 1 IC2 (chn CE) xung mc thp. Cho php IC2 chu mi tc ng ca bn phm. c. Mch thu thoi Dng thoi t i phng ng dy CCC HS Q2 R25 C24 chn 10 IC3 b khuch i thu trong IC3 chn 9 IC3 t CCC ng dy i phng, kn mch. B khuch i thu, khuch i nng cao mc in a dng thu thoi ra chn 4 IC3 C36 tai nghe t chn 9 IC3, kn mch. d. Mch pht thoi Dng pht thoi t mt u ng ni chn 6 IC3 b khuch i pht trong IC3 chn 7 IC3 u kia ng ni, kn mch. B khuch i pht, khuch i nng cao mc in a dng pht thoi ra chn 1 IC 3 Q2 HS CCC ng dy i phng ng dy CCC t chn 9 IC3, kn mch. e.Mch pht s - Mch pht s ch pulse

Trang 83

Chuyn kho chn phng php pht s v pha pulse, a mc cao t (+) CCC HS Q2 R30 D11 R31 R13 kho pulse chn 2 IC2. IC2 xc nh lm vic ch pulse. Khi n phm IC2 lm vic a dng xung thp phn c s chu k xung tng ng vi phm c n ra chn 9 (DP) t vo cc b ca Q3. ng vi mc thp Q3 tt dn n cc b ca Q2 ln mc cao nn tt, h mch vng thu bao, pht ln ng dy ti tng i 1 xung khng dng. ng vi mc cao Q3 thng a mc thp t t Q3 R16 cc b ca Q2 lm cho Q2 thng, ng kn mch vng thu bao pht ln ng dy 1 ti tng i 1 xung c dng. Qu trnh c tip tc nh vy cho n ht lot xung. n cui lot xung chn 9 IC2 ln mc cao nn Q3, Q2 thng ng kn mch vng thu bao, my tr li lm vic bnh thng. - Mch pht s ch tone Chuyn kho chn phng php pht s v pha tone. a mc thp t t vo chn 2 IC2. IC2 xc nh lm vic ch tone. Khi n phm IC2 lm vic, a dng DTMF l 1 t hp gm 2 sng hnh sin c tn s tng ng vi hng v ct ca phm c n ra chn 7 IC 2 R19 R21 R22 R24 C22 chn 11 IC3 vo b khuch i dng DTMF trong IC3 chn 9 IC3 t chn 5 IC2, kn mch. B khuch i dng DTMF trong IC3 khuch i, nng cao mc in a dng DTMF ra chn 1 IC3 Q2 HS CCC ng dy tng i ng dy CCC t chn 9 IC3 kn mch. - Mch dit ting click Trong qu trnh pht s IC2 a mc thp ra chn 8 IC2 t vo cc b ca Q4 lm cho Q4 tt, h mch cp ngun cho b khuch i thu dit c ting click. III- MY IN THOI SINOCA ST-132 1. MCH IN NGUYN L : Hnh bt1.3 2. TC DNG CC LINH KIN
D1 D4: Cu nn in, nn ngun chung h tn thnh dng 1 chiu. D6, D7, D8: Khng nh cc tnh ngun 1 chiu cp cho IC pht s v ngn

dng phng in ca C21 trong qu trnh pht s ch pulse.

D5: Bo v an ton cho PIEZO

Trang 84

 D9, D10: n nh dng in 1 chiu cp cho cc transistor khuch i dng thu

- pht thoi.
D11: Dn ngun 1 chiu cp cho Q7 D12: Dn ngun 1 chiu cp cho ng ni D13: ng m mch dit ting click D14 D17 : CCC gi cho cc tnh ngun 1 chiu cp cho cc c kin trong

my l c nh.
D18: Dn ngun 1 chiu khi ng mch gi ng dy. D19: Dn ngun 1 chiu lm cm mch pht thoi ZNR1: Bo v qu p cho ton my ZNR2: Bo v qu p cho cc c kin trong my ZD3: n nh in p, bo v an ton cho IC pht s ZD4: n nh in p, bo v an ton cho mch pht thoi ZD5: n nh in p, bo v an ton cho IC thu chung ZD6, ZD7: n nh in p, bo v an ton cho mch gi ng dy. Q1: n ng m mch cho php IC2 lm vic Q2: n ng m mch vng thu bao Q3: n iu khin s ng m ca Q2 Q2 v Q3: Tham gia vo mch iu khin pht s ch pulse. Q4, Q5: n khuch i dng pht thoi Q4: Khuch i dng DTMF Q6: iu khin ng m mch pht thoi Q7: n khuch i dng thu thoi Q8: n iu khin ng m mch vng gi ng dy. Q9: n ng m mch duy tr cho mch gi ng dy Q10: n ng m mch thu thoi Q11: n ng m mch vng gi ng dy Q12: n gii phng mch gi ng dy

3. NGUYN L LM VIC a. Mch thu chung

Trang 85

Ngun chung h tn t tng i a ln ng dy, thng qua C 1 R1 t vo 2 u cu nn D1 D4. Cu nn, nn ngun chung h tn thnh ngun 1 chiu, c C2 lc, ZD5 n nh cp dng ngun vo chn 1 v m ngun vo chn 5 IC 3. IC3 c cp ngun, cc phn t tch cc trong IC3 lm vic, b to dao ng trong IC3 kt hp vi C3, C4, R4, R5, to ra dao ng m tn, a ra chn 8 IC3 R6 kho Ringer a pht m (PIEZO) chn 5 IC3, kn mch. a pht m pht ra ting chung bo cho ch thu bao bit c cuc gi n.

Hnh: bt 1.3 S nguyn l my SINOCA ST- 132 b. Mch cp ngun 1 chiu

- Mch cp ngun nui b nh:

Trang 86

(+) CCC R35 D6 chn 10 IC pht s b nh trong IC chn 6 IC2 t (-) CCC. - Mch cp ngun khi ng IC pht s ( IC2 ): (+) CCC SW1-2 R37 D8 chn 10 IC2 mch in trong IC2 chn 6 IC2 t (-) CCC. IC2 c cp ngun khi ng a mc cao ra chn 14 IC2 (chn DP) t vo cc b ca Q3 nn Q3 thng, a mc thp t t Q3 R15 t vo cc b ca Q2 nn Q2 thng, ng kn mch vng thu bao. - Mch cp ngun cho IC2 (IC pht s) lm vic: (+) CCC HS1-2 Q2 R16 R36 D7 chn 10 IC2 cc mch in trong IC2 chn 6 IC2 t (-) CCC, kn mch. - Mch cp ngun cho ng ni: (+) CCC HS1-2 Q2 R31 D12 R29 ng ni t (-) CCC, kn mch - Mch nh thin cho Q4: (+) CCC HS12 Q2 R16 R17 a mc cao t vo cc b ca Q4 nh thin c nh cho Q4 lm vic. - Mch nh thin cho Q5 : (+) CCC HS1-2 Q2 R20 R22 R38 R28 a mc cao t vo cc b Q5 nh thin c nh cho Q5 lm vic. - Mch nh thin cho Q7 : (+) CCC HS1-2 Q2 R20 R22 R38 D11 R23 a mc cao t vo cc b ca Q7 nh thin c nh cho Q7 lm vic. - Mch cho php IC2 lm vic: (+) CCC HS1-2 R9 R8 t (-) CCC, kn mch. St p trn R8, R9 thng qua R10 nh thin cho Q1 lm cho Q1 thng, a mc thp t t Q1 t vo chn 5 IC pht s, chn 5IC2 (chn CE) xung mc thp. Cho php IC2 chu mi tc ng ca bn phm. c. Mch thu thoi Dng thoi t i phng ng dy CCC HS1-2 Q2 R19 C11 C13 cc B-E ca Q7 R24 t CCC ng dy i phng, kn mch. Q7 khuch i dng thu thoi, nng cao mc in a ra cc C ca Q7 tai nghe D9 D10 t R24 cc E ca Q7, kn mch.
Trang 87

d. Mch pht thoi Dng pht thoi i t 1 u ng ni C15 B-E ca Q5 R27 t u kia ng ni, kn mch. Q5 khuch i in p nng cao mc in a dng pht thoi ra cc C Q5 R25 C9 cc B-E ca Q4 R38 D9 D10 t R27 cc E Q5, kn mch. Q4 khuch i cng sut nng cao mc in, a dng pht thoi ra cc C ca Q4 Q2 HS2-1 CCC ng dy i phng ng dy CCC t D10 D9 R38 cc E Q4 kn mch. e. Mch pht s - Mch pht s ch pulse: Chuyn kho chn phng php pht s v pha pulse a mc cao t ch n 10 IC2 kho pulse chn 7 IC2. IC2 xc nh lm vic ch pulse. Khi n phm IC2 lm vic a lot dng xung thp phn c s chu k xung tng ng vi phm c n ra chn 14 IC2, t vo cc b ca Q3. ng vi mc thp Q3 tt do cc b ca Q2 ln mc cao nn Q2 tt h mch vng thu bao, pht ln ng dy ti tng i mt xung khng dng. ng vi mc cao Q3 thng do a mc thp t t Q3 R15 t vo cc b Q2 lm cho Q2 thng, ng kn mch vng thu bao, pht ln ng dy ti tng i mt xung c dng. Qu trnh c tip tc nh vy cho n ht lot xung. n cui lot xung, chn 14 IC2 ln mc cao t vo cc b Q3 lm cho Q3 thng nn Q2 thng ng kn mch vng thu bao, my tr li lm vic bnh thng. - Mch pht s ch tone: Chuyn kho chn phng php pht s v pha tone, a mc thp t t kho tone chn 7 IC2. IC2 xc nh lm vic ch tone. Khi n phm, IC2 lm vic a dng DTMF l 1 t hp 2 sng hnh sin c tn s tng ng vi hng v ct ca phm c n ra chn 12 IC2 R18 C10 C9 t vo cc B-E ca Q4 R38 D9 D10 t chn 6 IC2, kn mch. Q4 khuch i, nng cao mc in a dng DTMF ra cc C Q 4 Q2 HS2-1 CCC ng dy tng i ng dy CCC t D10 D9 R38 cc E Q4 kn mch. - Mch dit ting click:

Trang 88

Trong qu trnh pht s IC2 a ra chn 13 mc thp phn cc thun cho D13 nn D13 thng a mc thp thng qua D13 R34 t vo cc b Q7 lm cho Q7 tt, h mch khuch i thu dit c ting click. f. Mch gi ng dy - ng mch vng gi ng dy: Khi n nt Hold a mc cao t (+) CCC HS1-2 Q2 Hold D18 R42 t (-) CCC, kn mch. St p trn R42 a mc cao thng qua R49 t vo cc b ca Q8 lm cho Q8 thng, a mc thp t t Q8 R51 cc b ca Q11, lm cho Q11 thng, ng kn mch vng gi ng dy nh sau: (+) CCC R53 Q11 R40 LED1 t (-) CCC, kn mch. Led1 sng bo cho ngi s dng bit mch gi ng dy lm vic. - Duy tr mch gi ng dy: Khi Q11 thng c dng nh thin phn p cho Q9 nh sau: (+) CCC R53 Q11 R44 R46 t (-) CCC. St p trn R44, R46 nh thin phn p cho Q9. Khi c nh thin Q9 thng, ng mch duy tr cho mch gi ng dy nh sau: (+) CCC R53 Q11 Q9 R43 R41 R42 t (-) CCC. St p trn R42 a mc cao thng qua R49 t vo cc b ca Q8 lm cho Q8 lun thng nn Q11 v Q9 cng lun thng. Mch vng gi ng dy c duy tr. - Lm cm mch ni: Khi Q11 thng a mc cao t (+) CCC R53 Q11 R50 D19 t mc cao vo cc b ca Q6 lm cho Q6 thng. Q6 thng a mc thp t t Q6 t vo cc b ca Q5 lm Q5 tt, h mch khuch i pht. - Lm ic mch nghe: Khi Q11 thng a mc cao t (+) CCC R53 Q11 R47 t mc cao vo cc b ca Q10 lm Q10 thng. Q10 thng a mc thp t t Q10 t vo cc b ca Q7 lm Q7 tt, h mch khuch i thu. Trong qu trnh gi ng dy ta c th gc t hp ln gi . - Gii phng mch gi ng dy: Khi nhc t hp, mch vng thu bao ng, dng vo mch gi ng dy gim nhng do ng dy c tnh cm nn theo nh lut Lenx: trn ng dy xut hin 1 xung dng t cm chng li s gim , nn xung dng t cm l 1 xung dng nn dng xung chy t (+) CCC R54 C29 R21 t (-) CCC, kn mch. St p trn R21 a mc cao t vo cc b ca Q12 lm Q12 thng, a mc
Trang 89

thp t t Q12 t vo cc b ca Q8 lm Q8 tt dn n Q11, Q9 tt, Q6, Q10 tt. Mch gi ng dy c gii phng. Mch thu - pht thoi tr li lm vic bnh thng. IV. MY IN THOI PANASONIC KX-T2315-1 1. MCH IN NGUYN L : Hnh bt1.4 2. TC DNG CC LINH KIN C BN
IC1: IC pht s IC2: IC khuch i m tn IC3: IC thu chung, to ra dao ng m tn khi c ngun 1 chiu cung cp. Q1, Q3: n ng m mch vng thu bao Q2: n iu khin ng m Q1 Q1, Q2: Tham gia vo mch iu khin pht s ch pulse

Hnh bt1.4: Mch in nguyn l my in thoi PANASONIC KX-T2315-1

Trang 90

 Q5 v Q8: iu khin ngun VDD sao cho in p cp cho IC1 lun lun c

n nh.
Q6 v Q9: iu khin dit ting click trong qu trnh pht s Q7: ng m mch cho php IC1 lm vic, khi dng SP.phone. D1 n D4: L cu nn, nn ngun chung h tn thnh ngun 1 chiu. D5 : n nh in p, bo v an ton cho IC3 D6 n D9: Cu chng o cc gi cho cc tnh ngun 1 chiu cp cho cc

c kin trong my l c nh.

D10 + D11: n nh in p bo v an ton cho IC2 v IC3 D12: khng nh cc tnh ngun 1 chiu cp cho IC2 D13: dn ngun 1 chiu iu khin Q6 thng - tt

D14: dn ngun 1 chiu iu khin sao cho Q2 lun thng bo ho trong qu trnh lm vic.
D15 v D16: khng nh cc tnh ngun 1 chiu cp cho IC1 D17: khng nh cc tnh ngun 1 chiu iu khin n Q 7 thng khi n

SP.phone.
D19, D24, D25: Tham gia vo mch t ng iu khin ngun cp VDD cho IC1. D20: Led xc nhn Mute, Hold D21: Led xc nhn m thoi bng Sp phone

3. NGUYN L LM VIC a. Mch thu chung Ngun chung h tng t tng i ln ng dy T-R: t dy Tip cu ch F1 C1 t vo 1 u cu nn D1 D4 v t dy Ring R1 t vo u kia cu nn D1 D4. Cu D1 D4 nn ngun chung h tn thnh ngun 1 chiu c C2 lc, D5 n nh, cp dng ngun vo chn 1 IC3 v m ngun vo chn 5 IC3. IC3 c cp ngun, cc phn t tch cc trong IC3 lm vic, b to dao ng trong IC3 kt hp vi C3 - R3, C4 - R4 to ra dao ng chung m tn ra chn 8 IC 3 R5 kho Ringer a pht m chn 5 IC3 kn mch. a pht m pht ra ting chung, bo cho ch thu bao bit c cuc gi ti. b. Mch cp ngun mt chiu

Trang 91

Ngun 1 chiu (-48V) t tng i a ln ng dy T-R thng qua cu ch F1 t vo 2 u cu chng o cc (D6 D9) cp ngun cho cc mch in trong my nh sau: - Mch cp ngun khi ng IC pht s (IC1): Khi nhc t hp HS1-1 v HS1-2 ng c dng i t (+) CCC S1-1 R7 R11 t - CCC, kn mch. St p trn R7, R11 nh thin phn p cho Q2, lm Q2 thng. a mc thp t (-) CCC Q2 R9 t vo cc b ca Q1 lm cho Q1 thng, c dng cp ngun nh thin cho Q3 nh sau: (+) CCC Q1 R12 R13 t vo cc b ca Q3 lm cho Q3 thng (lc ny Q1, Q2, Q3 thng nhng cha thng bo ho). Khi dng cp ngun khi ng IC1 i nh sau: (+) CCC Q1 Q3 R15 D15 chn 18 IC1 cc mch in trong IC1 chn 19 IC1 (-) CCC, kn mch. IC1 c cp ngun khi ng a mc cao ra chn 25 IC1 t vo cc b ca Q2 lm Q2 thng bo ho, dn n Q1 thng bo ho ng kn mch vng thu bao. Khi n SP phone (khng dng t hp) + ngun pin kho SP phone R45 chn 9 IC1 mch in trong IC1 chn 19 IC1 t - ngun pin. IC1 c khi ng a mc cao ra chn 27 IC1 D14 R41 cc b Q2 lm Q2 thng bo ho nn Q1 thng bo ho, ng kn mch vng thu bao. - Mch cp ngun cho IC1 lm vic: (+) CCC Q1 Q3 R15 D15 chn 18 IC1 cc mch in trong IC1 chn 19 IC1 (-) CCC. - Mchcho php IC1 lm vic: Khi nhc t hp HS1- 2 ng, a mc thp vo chn 11 IC1, cho php IC1 lm vic Khi dng sp phone: (+) CCC Q1 R38 D17 R40 t (-) CCC. St p trn R40 (dng trn, m di) thng qua R39 a mc cao t vo cc b ca Q7 lm Q7 thng. a mc thp t (-) CCC Q7 chn 6 IC1 (chn CE). Cho php IC1 lm vic. - Mch cp ngun cho IC2 (IC khuch i m tn) lm vic: (+) CCC Q1 Q3 R15 R18 D12 chn 10 IC2 cc mch in trong IC2 chn 28 IC2 (-) CCC. - Mch cp ngun cho ng ni (MIC1 Handset, TX): (+) CCC Q1 Q3 R15 R18 D12 R27 MIC1 (Tx) (-) CCC. - Mch cp ngun cho MIC2 (MIC2 Speaker phone, Micro):
Trang 92

(+) CCC Q1 Q3 R15 R32 MIC2 (Micro) (-) CCC c. Mch thu thoi - Mch thu thoi qua tai nghe: Tn hiu thoi t i phng ng dy CCC (D6 D9) Q1 C11 R16// C12 L1 chn 23 IC2 b khuch i thu 1 trong IC2 chn 28 IC2 t CCC ng dy i phng, kn mch. B khuch i thu 1 khuch i nng cao mc in, a dng thu thoi ra chn 20 IC2 C30 tai nghe chn 21 IC2 kn mch. - Mch thu thoi ra loa ( Speaker phone): Tn hiu thoi t i phng ng dy CCC (D6 D9) Q1 C11 R16 // C12 L1 chn 23 IC2 b khuch i thu 2 trong IC2 chn 28 IC2 t CCC ng dy i phng, kn mch. B khuch i thu 2, khuch i nng cao mc in, a dng thu thoi ra chn 1 IC2 C21 chn 7 IC2 b khuch i thu 3 chn 28IC2, b khuch i thu 3 khuch i nng cao mc in a dng thu thoi ra chn 9 IC2 C42 (Speaker) chn 28 IC2, kn mch. d. Mch pht thoi - Mch pht thoi bng ng ni : Dng pht thoi t mt u ng ni R28 C26 chn 26 IC2 mch khuch i pht 1 trong IC2 chn 28 IC2 u kia MIC1, kn mch. Mch khuch i pht 1 trong IC2 khuch i nng cao mc in a dng pht thoi ra chn 25 IC2 C27 R29 chn 24 IC2 b khuch i pht 2 chn 28IC2. B khuch i pht 2 khuch i nng cao mc in a ra chn 27 IC2 R19 R17 C13 cc b Q3, Q3 khuch i nng cao mc in a dng pht thoi ra cc CQ3 Q1 CCC ng dy i phng ng dy CCC chn 28 IC2, kn mch. - Mch pht thoi bng MICRO : Dng pht thoi t mt u MICRO C31 chn 15 IC2 b khuch i pht 3 trong IC2 chn 28 IC2 u kia MICRO, kn mch. B khuch i pht 3 trong IC2 khuch i nng cao mc in a dng pht thoi ra chn 2 IC2 C17 R20 chn 4 IC2 b khuch i pht 4 chn 28IC2. B khuch i pht 4 khuch i nng cao mc in a dng pht thoi ra chn 27 IC2 R19 R17 C13 cc b Q3, Q3 khuch i nng cao mc in a dng pht thoi ra cc C Q3 Q1 CCC ng dy i phng ng dy CCC t chn 28 IC2, kn mch.
Trang 93

e. Mch pht s - Mch pht s ch pulse: Chuyn kho chn phng php pht s v pha pulse a mc cao t (+) CCC Q1 Q3 R15 R18 D12 R47 kho pulse chn 13 IC1. IC1 xc nh lm vic ch pulse. Khi n phm IC1 lm vic, a dng xung thp phn c s chu k xung tng ng vi phm c n ra chn 25 IC1 t vo cc b ca Q2. ng vi mc thp Q2 tt nn cc b ca Q1 ln mc cao lm cho Q1 tt, h mch vng thu bao pht ln ng dy ti tng i mt xung khng dng. ng vi mc cao Q2 thng a mc thp t (-) CCC Q2 R9 t vo cc b ca Q1 lm cho Q1 thng, ng kn mch vng thu bao, pht ln ng dy ti tng i mt xung c dng. Qu trnh c tip tc nh vy cho n ht lot xung, n cui lot xung chn 25 IC1 a ra mc cao t vo cc b ca Q2 lm Q2 thng, a mc thp t (-) CCC Q2 t vo cc b ca Q1 lm Q1 thng ng kn mch vng thu bao, my tr li trng thi lm vic bnh thng. - Mch pht s ch tone: Chuyn kho chn phng php pht s v pha tone, ct mc cao a vo chn 13 IC1. IC1 xc nh lm vic ch tone. Khi n phm IC 1 lm vic a dng DTMF l 1 t hp 2 sng hnh sin c tn s tng ng vi hng v ct ca phm c n ra chn 21 IC1 R37 C37 t vo cc b Q3 c Q3 khuch i nng cao mc in, a dng DTMF ra cc C Q3 Q1 CCC ng dy tng i ng dy CCC chn 19 IC1, kn mch. - Mch dit ting click: Trong qu trnh pht s IC1 a mc thp ra chn 23 IC1 t vo cc b Q9 lm Q9 thng. a mc cao t (+) CCC Q1 Q3 R15 D15 Q9 D13 R31 t vo cc b ca Q6 lm Q6 thng, u tt mch khuch i thu ra tai nghe t hp v mt dng t (+) CCC Q1 Q3 R15 D15 Q9 chn 16 IC2, u tt mch khuch i thu thoi dit ting click. V. MY IN THOI GOLDSTAR GS 5140 1. MCH IN NGUYN L Hnh bt1.5 2. TC DNG CC LINH KIN C BN
IC1: thu nhn ngun chung h tn t tng i a n v bin i ngun

chung h tn thnh tn hiu chung m tn a ra a pht m.

Trang 94

 IC2: pht s IC3: khuch i m tn Q1: ng m mch vng thu bao Q2: iu khin Q1 ng m Q1 v Q2: tham gia vo mch iu khin pht s ch pulse Q3: ng m mch cho php IC2 lm vic D1 D4: Cu chng o cc D5 v D6: khng nh cc tnh ngun 1 chiu cp cho IC 2 v ngn dng phng

in ca C5 trong qu trnh pht s ch pulse ti thi im xung khng dng.

ZD1: n nh in p bo v an ton cho IC2

ZD2: n nh in p bo v an ton cho IC3 3. NGUYN L LM VIC a. Mch thu chung Ngun chung h tn t tng i a ln ng dy, t dy L1 cun l1 R1 C1 chn 1 IC1 v t dy L2 cun l2 chn 8 IC1. IC1 nhn c dng chung h tn s nn ngun chung h tn thnh ngun 1 chiu c C3 lc cp ngun 1 chiu cho cc phn t tch cc trong IC1 lm vic. B to dao ng trong IC1 kt hp vi C2 , R2 to ra dao ng chung m tn ra chn 6 IC1 R3 PIEZO ringer chn 2 IC1, kn mch. PIEZO pht ra ting chung bo cho ch thu bao bit c cuc gi ti. b. Mch cp ngun 1 chiu - Dng cp ngun khi ng IC2 Khi thu bao nhc t hp HS chuyn trng thi 1 tip 2, c dng khi ng cho IC2 lm vic nh sau: Ngun -48V t tng i cp ln ng dy L 1 v L2 t vo 2 u cu chng o cc (CCC) D1 D4. a dng ngun t CCC HS2-1 R9 D5 chn 6 IC2 cc mch in trong IC2 chn 5 IC2 t (-) CCC, kn mch. IC2 c cp ngun khi ng a mc cao ra chn 9 (Dp) t vo cc b Q 2 lm Q2 thng bo ho, a mc thp t t Q2 R7 t vo cc b ca Q1 lm cho Q1 thng bo ho, ng kn mch vng thu bao. - Mch cp ngun cho IC2 lm vic: (+) CCC HS2-1 Q1 R13 D6 chn 6 IC2 cc mch in trong IC2 chn 5 IC2 t (-) CCC, kn mch.
Trang 95

- Mch cho php IC2 lm vic: (+) CCC HS2-1 R10 R11 t (-) CCC. St p trn R11 dng trn, m di, a mc cao qua R12 t vo cc b Q3 lm Q3 thng. a mc thp t t Q3 chn 1 IC2 (chn CE) chn 1 IC2 xung mc thp. Cho php IC2 lm vic

Hnh bt1.5: Mch in nguyn l my in thoi GOLDSTAR GS 5140 - Mch cp ngun cho IC3 lm vic: (+) CCC HS2-1 Q1 R27 chn 20 IC3 cc mch in trong IC3 chn 10 IC3 t (-) CCC. - Mch cp ngun cho ng ni: (+) CCC HS2-1 Q1 R27 R31 R32 MIC t (-) CCC. c. Mch thu thoi Tn hiu thoi t i phng (hoc cc m hiu t tng i) a ln ng dy CCC HS2-1 Q1 R16 R24 C10 chn 15 IC3 mch khuch i thu trong IC3 chn 10 IC3 t CCC ng dy i phng (hoc tng i),
Trang 96

kn mch. B khuch i thu trong IC3 khuch i nng cao mc in a dng thu thoi ra chn 19 IC3 R38 C22 tai nghe (Rx) t chn 10 IC3, kn mch. d.Mch pht thoi Dng pht thoi i t mt u ng ni (MIC) C17 R33 chn 7 IC3 mch khuch i pht trong IC3 chn 10 IC3 t u kia ng ni, kn mch. B khuch i pht trong IC3 khuch i nng cao mc in, a dng pht thoi ra chn 1 IC3 Q1 HS1-2 CCC ng dy i phng ng dy CCC t chn 10 IC3, kn mch. e.Mch pht s - Mch pht s ch pulse Chuyn kho chn phng php pht s (SW2) v pha p. a mc cao t (+) CCC HS2-1 Q1 R13 D6 R15 chn 2 IC2. IC2 xc nh lm vic ch pulse. Khi n phm IC2 lm vic a dng xung thp phn c s chu k xung tng ng vi phm c n ra chn 9 IC2 ( chn m dng xung thp phn Dp ), t vo cc b Q2. ng vi mc thp Q2 tt nn cc b Q1 c mc cao, Q1 tt, h mch vng thu bao pht ln ng dy ti tng i mt xung khng dng. ng vi mc cao Q2 thng a mc thp t t Q2 R7 t vo cc b Q1 lm Q1 thng ng kn mch vng thu bao, pht ln ng dy ti tng i mt xung c dng. Qu trnh c tip tc nh vy cho n ht lot xung. Kt thc lot xung, chn 9 li a ra mc cao t vo cc b Q2 lm Q2 thng dn n Q1 thng ng kn mch vng thu bao, my tr li lm vic bnh thng. Trong qu trnh pht s ng vi xung khng dng, mch vng thu bao h th t C5 phng in nui b nh RAM trong IC2 duy tr ch lm vic cho IC2. - Mch pht s ch tone: Chuyn kho chn phng php pht s (SW2) v pha tone a mc thp t t t vo chn 2 IC2. IC2 xc nh lm vic ch tone. Khi n phm IC2 lm vic a dng DTMF l mt t hp 2 sng hnh sin c tn s tng ng vi hng v ct ca phm c n ra chn 7 IC2 R29 C14 t vo chn 5 IC3 b khuch i dng DTMF trong IC3 chn 10 IC3 t chn 5 IC2, kn mch. B khuch i dng DTMF trong IC3 khuch i nng cao mc in
Trang 97

a dng DTMF ra chn 1 IC3 Q1 HS1-2 CCC ng dy tng i ng dy CCC t chn 10 IC3, kn mch. - Mch dit ting click: Trong qu trnh pht s IC2 a mc thp ra chn 8 IC2 t vo chn 9 IC3 lm h mch khuch i thu, ngn c dng pht s (click) ti tai nghe. VI. MY IN THOI BT 930 (13 B NH) 1. MCH IN NGUYN L: Hnh bt1.6 2. TC DNG CC LINH KIN C BN
IC1: KA2411: IC thu chung c nhim v khi c cp ngun mt chiu th

to ra dao ng chung m tn a ra loa.

IC2: W9145: IC pht s IC3: AP663: IC nhc Q1: iu khin ng m Q2 Q2: ng m mch vng gi ng dy Q3: iu khin h mch pht thoi khi gi ng dy Q4: ng m mch cho php IC2 lm vic Q5: ng m mch vng thu bao Q6: iu khin ng m Q5 Q5 v Q6: Tham gia vo mch iu khin pht s ch pulse Q7: khuch i dng DTMF Q8: iu khin dit ting click khi pht s Q9 v Q11: khuch i dng pht thoi Q10: ng m mch pht thoi Q12 v Q13: khuch i cng sut dng thu thoi ra loa Q14: khuch i o pha dng thu thoi ra loa Q15 v Q16: khuch i dng thu thoi ra tai nghe D1 D4: Cu chng o cc (CCC) D5 D8: Cu nn ngun chung h tng thnh ngun 1 chiu D9 v D10: Dn dng 1 chiu cp cho IC2 v ngn dng phng in ca t C10

trong qu trnh pht s ch pulse. Ti thi im xung khng dng.

D11 v D12: n nh dng nh thin cho Q12 v Q13

Trang 98

 ZD1: n nh in p, bo v an ton cho IC1 (KA2411) ZD2: n nh in p, bo v an ton cho IC2 (W9145) R31, VR1, R33 v tr khng ng dy to thnh cu sai ng tham gia vo

mch kh trc m. 3. NGUYN L LM VIC a. Mch thu chung Tn hiu chung h tn t tng i a ln 2 dy T v R, t dy T C1 R1 t vo mt u cu nn D5 D8 v t dy R t vo u kia ca cu nn D5 D8. Cu nn D5 D8 nn ngun chung h tn thnh ngun mt chiu c C2 lc, ZD1 n nh, cp dng ngun vo chn 1 IC1 v m ngun vo chn 5 IC1. IC1 c cp ngun, b to dao ng trong IC1 lm vic kt hp vi C3, R2 & C6, R3 to ra dao ng chung m tn ra chn 8 C5 SW (kho Ringer) cun s cp bin p t chn 5 IC1 kn mch. St p trn cun s cp bin p cm ng sang cun th cp bin p. a tn hiu chung m tn t 1 u cun th cp bin p R14 loa u kia cun th cp, kn mch. Loa pht ra ting chung bo cho ch thu bao bit c cuc gi ti. b. Mch cp ngun mt chiu - Mch cp ngun nui b nh : Ngun -48V t tng i a ln ng dy T-R t vo 2 u CCC, a (+) ngun t CCC R11 chn 17 IC2 b nh trong IC2 chn 5 IC2 t (-) CCC, kn mch. - Mch cp ngun khi ng IC2 (IC pht s): Khi nhc t hp hoc n SP-phone th HS (SPK) ng, c dng khi ng i nh sau: (+) CCC HS1-2 (SPK) R17 D9 chn 17 IC2 cc mch in trong IC2 chn 5 IC2 t (-) CCC, kn mch. IC2 c cp ngun khi ng a mc cao ra chn 10 IC2 R21 t vo cc b ca Q6 lm Q6 thng, a mc thp t t Q6 R20 t vo cc b ca Q5 lm Q5 thng, ng kn mch vng thu bao. - Mch cp ngun cho IC2 lm vic: (+) CCC HS1-2 (SPK) Q5 R19 D10 chn 17 IC2 cc mch in trong IC2 chn 5 IC2 t (-) CCC, kn mch.

Trang 99

Hnh bt1.6: Mch in nguyn l my in thoi BT 930 - Mchcho php IC2 lm vic: Khi nhc t hp ( hoc n SP ) c dng i t (+) CCC HS (SPK) R12 R13 t (-) CCC, kn mch. St p trn R12 v R13 nh thin phn p cho Q4, Q4 thng a mc thp t t Q4 chn 9 IC2. Cho php IC2 chu mi tc ng ca bn phm. - Mch bo my c cp ngun lm vic: (+) CCC HS1-2 (SPK) Q5 cun chn L Led SP R36 t (-) CCC. Led SP sng bo cho ch thu bao bit my c cp ngun lm vic. c. Mch thu thoi - Mch thu thoi bng t hp (ng nghe): Tn hiu thoi t i phng (hoc cc m hiu t tng i) ng dy CCC HS1-2 Q5 C28 R34 HS3-4 C27 t vo cc b Q15, c Q15 khuch i in p nng cao mc in a ra chn C Q15 t vo cc b ca Q16, c
Trang 100

Q16 khuch i cng sut, a ra chn C Q16 C31 tai nghe t CCC ng dy i phng (hoc tng i), kn mch. - Mch thu thoi bng loa (khng dng t hp): Tn hiu thoi t i phng (hoc cc m hiu t tng i) ng dy CCC SPK Q5 R31 C23 VR2 R50 t CCC ng dy i phng (hoc tng i), kn mch. St p trn VR2 v R50 thng qua R51 C37 t vo cc b Q14 v i t t t vo cc E Q 14. Q14 khuch i o pha, a tn hiu ra cc C Q14, t vo cc b Q12 v b Q13. c Q12 v Q13 khuch i cng sut a tn hiu ra C29 loa t R50, kn mch. d. Mch pht thoi - Mch pht thoi bng t hp (ng ni): Khi c cp ngun IC2 a mc cao ra chn 8 R26 t vo cc B Q10 nn Q10 thng, ng kn mch cp ngun cho Q9 lm vic. Khi ni trc ng ni, ng ni bin m thanh thnh tn hiu in m thanh. Tn hiu in m thanh i t mt u ng ni C20 t vo cc B Q9 v u kia ng ni t EC Q10 t vo cc E Q9. Q9 khuch i nng cao mc in, a tn hiu in m thanh ra chn CE Q9, t cc C ca Q9 C17 t vo cc b Q11 v t cc E Q9 CE Q10 t R33 cc E ca Q11. Q11 khuch i nng cao mc in, a dng pht thoi ra chn CE Q11. T chn C Q11 CE Q5 HS1-2 CCC ng dy i phng ng dy CCC t R33 chn E Q11, kn mch. - Mch pht thoi bng MIC (khng dng t hp): Khi ni trc MIC, MIC bin dao ng m thanh thnh tn hiu in m thanh. Tn hiu in m thanh i t 1 u MIC C22 C19 t vo cc b Q9 v u kia MIC t EC Q10 t vo cc E Q9. Q9 khuch i nng cao mc in, a ra cc CE Q9. T cc C ca Q9 C17 t vo cc b ca Q11 v t cc E ca Q9 Q10 t R33 cc E Q11, c Q11 khuch i nng cao mc in a tn hiu pht thoi ra cc CE Q11. T cc C Q11 Q5 SPK CCC ng dy i phng ng dy CCC t R33 cc E Q11, kn mch. i phng nghe c ting ni ca ta. e. Mch pht s - Mch pht s ch pulse:
Trang 101

Chuyn kho chn phng php pht s v pha P. a mc cao t (+) CCC HS (hoc SPK) Q5 R19 D10 kho P chn 14 IC2., IC2 xc nh lm vic ch pulse. Khi n phm IC2 lm vic, a dng xung thp phn c s chu k xung tng ng vi phm c n ra chn 10 IC2 R21 t vo cc b Q6. ng vi mc thp Q6 tt nn cc b Q5 ln mc cao, do Q5 tt h mch vng thu bao pht ln ng dy ti tng i mt xung khng dng. ng vi mc cao Q6 thng a mc thp t t Q6 R20 t vo cc b Q5. Q5 thng ng kn mch vng thu bao pht ln ng dy ti tng i mt xung c dng. Qu trnh c tip tc nh vy cho n ht lot xung. n cui lot xung chn 10 IC2 ln mc cao R21 t vo cc b Q6 nn Q6 thng do Q5 thng. My tr li trng thi lm vic bnh thng. - Mch pht s ch tone: Chuyn kho chn phng php pht s v pha T. a mc thp t t t vo chn 14 IC2. IC2 xc nh lm vic ch tone. Khi n phm IC2 lm vic a dng DTMF l 1 t hp gm 2 sng hnh sin c tn s tng ng vi hng v ct ca phm c n ra chn 11 IC2 R24 t chn 5 IC2, kn mch. St p trn R24 thng qua R23 t vo cc B E Q7. c Q7 khuch i nng cao mc in a dng DTMF ra CE Q7. T cc C Q7 Q5 HS (hoc SPK) CCC ng dy tng i ng dy CCC t cc E Q7 kn mch. - Mch dit ting click: Trong qu trnh pht s (c 2 ch ) IC2 a mc cao ra chn 13 IC2 R55 t vo cc b Q8 lm Q8 thng. u tt u vo mch khuch i thu (ra tai nghe v ra loa), dit c ting click. f. Mch gi ng dy -Mch khi ng gi ng dy: Khi n nt HOLD, a mc cao t (+) CCC HS1-2 (hoc SPK) Q5 cun chn L R38 nt HOLD t vo cc b Q1 lm Q1 thng. Khi Q1 thng a mc thp t t R5 R4 Q1 t vo cc b Q2, lm Q2 thng, ng kn mch vng gi ng dy. - Mch vng gi ng dy:
Trang 102

(+) CCC Q2 LED HOLD t (-) CCC. Led Hold sng bo cho ngi s dng bit mch vng gi ng dy lm vic v c th gc t hp ln gi (hoc n li SPK). - Duy tr mch gi ng dy: Khi Q2 thng a mc cao t (+) CCC Q2 R6 t vo cc b Q1 gi cho Q1 lun lun thng. Khi Q1 thng a mc thp t t R5 R4 Q1 t vo cc b Q2 nn Q2 lun lun thng. Mch gi ng dy c duy tr. - Lm cm mch pht thoi: Trong qu trnh gi ng dy c mc cao t (+) CCC Q2 R8 // R9 R15 t vo cc b Q3 lm Q3 thng, a mc thp t t Q3 t vo cc b Q10, lm Q10 tt h mch khuch i pht nn my khng th pht thoi c. Khi ang m thoi ta mun ct mch pht thoi (ch nghe khng ni) th ta n nt Mute trn bn phm. IC2 s a mc thp ra chn 8 IC2 R26 t vo cc b Q10, lm Q10 tt h mch khuch i pht. - Mch pht nhc: Trong qu trnh gi ng dy gip ngi ch my m thoi khi bun chn, trong mch gi ng dy ngi ta c lp 1 IC nhc l IC3. AP66. + Dng cp ngun mt chiu cho IC3 lm vic: (+) CCC Q2 R8 // R9 chn 1 IC3 cc mch trong IC3 chn 3 IC3 t (-) CCC, kn mch. +Dng pht nhc: Khi IC3 c cp ngun lm vic, a dng pht nhc ra chn 2 IC3 R10 C8 t vo cc b Q1. c Q1 khuch i nng cao mc in, a dng nhc ra cc C Q1 C7 CCC ng dy i phng ng dy CCC t chn 1 IC3, kn mch. -Gii phng mch gi ng dy: Khi nhc t hp, mch vng thu bao ng, dng vo mch gi ng dy gim nhng do ng dy c tnh cm nn theo nh lut Lenx: trn ng dy xut hin 1 tn hiu in t cm chng li s gim . Tn hiu in t cm l mt dng xung dng nn dng xung chy t (+) CCC C7 t vo cc b ca Q2 lm Q2 tt, nn mch HOLD c gii phng. Mch thu pht thoi tr li lm vic bnh thng. VII. MY IN THOI RANDIX PH320C (KHNG KHO) 1. MCH IN NGUYN L : Hnh bt1.7 2.TC DNG CC LINH KIN
Trang 103

 IC1: DBL 5002 l IC to dao ng m tn (IC thu chung) IC2: UM 91270 l IC pht s Q1 v Q2: 2 n c lp t to thnh mch khuch i cng sut dng thu

thoi ra loa.
Q3: n khuch i in p dng thu thoi ra loa Q4 v Q5: 2 n khuch i dng thu thoi ra tai nghe Q6 v Q12: 2 n khuch i dng pht thoi Q7: n iu khin ng m Q9 Q9: n ng m mch vng thu bao Q7 v Q9: Tham gia vo mch iu khin pht s ch pulse Q8: n ng m mch cho php IC2 lm vic Q10: n khuch i dng DTMF Q11: n ng m mch khuch i pht D1 D4: Cu chng o cc (CCC) D5 D8: Cu nn ngun chung h tn thnh ngun 1 chiu D9: n nh in p bo v an ton cho IC1 D10 v D11: Tham gia vo mch nh thin cho Q1 v Q2 D12 v D21: ngn mc cao t chn 4 IC2 vo mch thu thoi khi dng t hp D13: n nh ngun cp cho cc mch khuch i v bo v cc transistor

khuch i.
D14, D15: Dn ngun 1 chiu cp cho IC2 v ngn dng phng in ca t C27

trong qu trnh pht s ch pulse.

D16: n nh in p bo v an ton cho IC2 D17, D18, D19, D20: n nh dng in cho mch khuch i thu, pht khi dng

t hp. SW: Tip im t hp. SPK: Kho Speaker 3. NGUYN L LM VIC a. Mch thu chung Tn hiu chung h tn t tng i a ln ng dy thng qua C1 v R1 t vo hai u cu nn D5 D8: cu nn D5 D8 nn ngun chung h tn thnh ngun 1 chiu, c t C2 lc v D9 n nh, cp dng ngun vo chn 1 IC1 v m ngun
Trang 104

vo chn 5 IC1. Khi IC1 c cp ngun, b to dao ng trong IC1 kt hp vi C4, R3, C3, R2 to ra dao ng chung m tn a ra chn 8 IC1 kho Ringer C5 cun s cp bin p chn 5 IC1 kn mch. St p trn cun s cp cm ng sang cun th cp a tn hiu ra loa, bo cho ch thu bao bit c cuc gi ti. b. Mch cp ngun mt chiu - Mch cp ngun nui b nh: (+) CCC R35 R38 D15 chn 3 IC2 b nh trong IC2 chn 15 IC2 t (-) CCC, kn mch. - Mch cp ngun khi ng IC2: (+) CCC SW1-2 (hoc SPK) R25 D14 chn 3 IC2 cc mch in trong IC2 chn 15 IC2 t (-) CCC, kn mch. IC2 c cp ngun khi ng a mc cao ra chn 5 IC2 t vo cc b Q7, lm Q7 thng a mc thp t t Q7 R22 cc b Q9, lm Q9 thng, ng kn mch vng thu bao. - Mch cp ngun cho IC2 lm vic: (+) CCC SW1-2 (hoc SPK) Q9 R33 D45 chn 3 IC2 cc mch in trong IC2 chn 15 IC2 t (-) CCC, kn mch. .

Trang 105

Hnh bt1.7: Mch in nguyn l my in thoi RANDIX PH320C (khng kho) - Mchcho php IC2 Lm vic: (+) CCC SW1-2 (hoc SPK) R37 R36 t (-) CCC. St p trn R37, R36 nh thin phn p cho Q8, Q8 thng a mc thp t t Q8 chn 21 IC2 (chn CE). Cho php IC2 chu mi tc ng ca bn phm. - Mch cp ngun cho ng ni: (+) CCC SW1-2 Q9 cun chn L SW5-4 R13 R47 ng ni t (-) CCC, kn mch. - Mch cp ngun cho MIC: (+) CCC SPK Q9 cun chn L SW5-6 R17 R44 MIC t (-) CCC, kn mch. - Mch xc nhn my c cp ngun lm vic: (+) CCC SW1-2 (hoc SPK) Q9 cun chn L R26 LED t (-) CCC, kn mch. LED sng, bo cho ngi s dng bit my c cp ngun lm vic.

Trang 106

c. Mch thu thoi - Mch thu thoi bng tai nghe (khi dng t hp): Tn hiu thoi t i phng ng dy (+) CCC SW1-2 Q9 R16 C17 SW5 - 4 R9 C12 cc b Q4 v t i phng ng dy (-) CCC t cc E Q4. c Q4 khuch i nng cao mc in a ra cc CE Q 4. T cc C Q4 t vo cc b Q5 v t cc E Q4 t vo cc E Q5. c Q5 khuch i nng cao mc in a dng thu thoi ra cc CE Q5. T cc CQ5 C14 tai nghe (Rx) t cc EQ5, kn mch. - Mch thu thoi bng loa (khi khng dng t hp): Tn hiu thoi t i phng ng dy CCC SPK Q9 R16 C17 SW5 - 6 R14 VR2 R45 t CCC ng dy i phng, kn mch. St p trn VR2 v R45 thng qua C11 t vo BE Q3. c Q3 khuch i nng cao mc in, a dng thu thoi qua Q1 v Q2 khuch i cng sut a tn hiu thu thoi qua C6 loa t E Q3, kn mch. d. Mch pht thoi - Mch pht thoi bng ng ni (khi dng t hp): Khi IC2 c cp ngun, IC2 a mc cao ra chn 4 R40 t vo cc b Q11 lm Q11 thng, cp ngun m t t Q11 t vo cc E Q12, Q12 sn sng lm vic. Tn hiu pht thoi t mt u ng ni C32 t vo cc b Q12 v u kia ng ni t Q11 t vo cc E Q12. c Q12 khuch i nng cao mc in a dng pht thoi ra cc CE Q12. T cc C Q12 C21 t vo cc b Q6 v t cc E Q12 Q11 t R23 cc E Q6. c Q6 khuch i nng cao mc in, a dng pht thoi ra CE Q6: t cc C Q6 Q9 SW2-1 CCC ng dy i phng ng dy CCC t R23 E Q6, kn mch. - Mch pht thoi bng MIC (khi khng dng t hp): Dng pht thoi t mt u MIC C28 C29 t vo cc b Q12 v t u kia MIC t Q11 t vo cc E Q12. c Q12 khuch i nng cao mc in, a tn hiu pht thoi ra cc CE Q12. T cc C Q12 C21 t vo cc b Q6 v t cc E Q12 Q11 t R23 cc E Q6. c Q6 khuch i nng cao mc in, a dng pht thoi ra CE Q6. T cc C Q6 Q9 SPK CCC ng dy i phng ng dy CCC t R23 E Q6, kn mch. e. Mch pht s
Trang 107

- Mch pht s ch pulse: Khi mun pht s ch pulse ta chuyn kho chn phng php pht s v pha P, a mc cao t (+) CCC SW1-2 (hoc SPK) Q9 R33 D15 kho P chn 27 IC2. IC2 xc nh lm vic ch pulse. Khi n phm IC2 lm vic, a dng xung thp phn c s chu k xung tng ng vi phm c n ra chn 5 IC2 t vo cc b Q7. ng vi mc thp, Q7 tt nn cc b Q9 ln mc cao v vy Q9 tt, h mch vng thu bao pht ln ng dy ti tng i mt xung khng dng. ng vi mc cao, Q7 thng, a mc thp t t Q7 R22 t vo cc b Q9 lm Q9 thng, ng kn mch vng thu bao, pht ln ng dy ti tng i mt xung c dng. Qu trnh c tip tc nh vy cho n ht lot xung, n cui lot xung IC 2 li a mc cao ra chn 5 t vo cc b Q7 nn Q7 thng, do Q9 thng, my tr li lm vic bnh thng. - Mch pht s ch tone: Chuyn kho chn phng php pht s v pha tone a mc thp t t kho T t vo chn 27 IC2. IC2 xc nh lm vic ch tone. Khi n phm IC2 lm vic a dng DTMF l mt t hp tn hiu hai sng hnh sin c tn s tng ng vi hng v ct ca phm c n, ra chn 6 IC 2 R30 t chn 15 IC2, kn mch. St p trn R30 thng qua R32 t vo cc b Q10 v t t thng qua R31 t vo cc E Q10. c Q10 khuch i nng cao mc in, a dng DTMF ra cc CE Q10. T cc C Q10 Q9 SW2-1 (hoc SPK) CCC ng dy tng i ng dy CCC t R31 cc E Q10, kn mch. - Mch dit ting click: Trong qu trnh pht s IC2 a mc thp ra chn 4 IC2 lm D12 v D21 thng. Mc thp t chn 4 IC2 R40 t vo cc b Q11 lm Q11 tt, h mch khuch i pht. Khi D12 thng a mc thp t chn 4 IC2 R20 D12 R15 SW5-6 cc CQ2. Q2 tt lm h mch khuch i thu ra loa dit c ting click. Khi D21 thng a mc thp t chn 4 IC2 R20 D21 cc CQ5. Q5 tt do h mch khuch i thu ra tai nghe cho nn dit c ting click. Khi pht s xong th IC2 li a mc cao ra chn 4 IC2 nn D12, D21 tt v Q11, Q2, Q5 li thng. My tr li lm vic bnh thng.

Trang 108

VIII. MY IN THOI NITSUKO ST 5E-1L 1. MCH IN NGUYN L : hnh bt1.8 2. TC DNG CC LINH KIN: . C1: Ngn ngun1chiu, dn tn hiu chung h tn . R1: Gy st p bt ngun chung h tn, kt hp vi C1 to thnh mch phi hp tr khng gia ng dy vi mch thu chung . D1- D4 Cu nn in, nn ngun chung h tn thnh ngun 1 chiu . C2 T lc ngun . ZD1 n nh in p bo v an ton cho IC1 . C3,R3 & C4,R4 kt hp vi b to dao ng trong IC1 to ra tn hiu chung m tn . R2 in tr cn bng lm tng nhy cho IC1 . R6,R7 in tr gy st p bt ngun chung m tn khi kho chung v tr L . D9 Bo v an ton cho a pht m . a pht m bin tn hiu chung m tn thnh ting chung . CH1, CH2 Cc cun gia cm . D5-D8 Cu chng o cc . HS: Tip im t hp . R9: in tr dn ngun nui b nh trong IC2 . ZN2 n p bo v an ton cho cc c kin trong my . Q2, Q3, Q4 To thnh mch iu khin pht xung s ch pulse . Q2 ng m mch vng thu bao . R15, R17 nh thin phn p cho Q4 . R14, R16, Q4 nh thin phn p cho Q3 . Q3, R22 nh thin phn p cho Q2 . R11, R12 nh thin phn p cho Q1 . Q1 ng m mch cho php IC2 lm vic . ZD3 n nh in p bo v an ton cho IC2 & IC3 . ZD2 n nh in p bo v an ton cho IC2 . R30 in tr cn bng in p . C8, C29, C30 Cc t lc ngun
Trang 109

. R23 in tr cn bng in p cp ngun cho b khuch i thu trong IC3 . R25, C24 To thnh mch phi hp tr khng gia ng dy vi mch khuch i thu trong IC3, ngn ngun 1 chiu v dn tn hiu thoi . XTAL kt hp vi C11, C12 to dao ng c tn s 3,57945 MHz . IC2 Pht tn hiu chn s a ch . IC3 Khuch i m tn . R40, C34 To thnh mch dn hi tip m cho b khuch i thu . C36 Ngn ngun 1 chiu, dn tn hiu thoi, phi hp tr khng gia u ra ca b khuch i thu vi ng nghe . R33, C52 To thnh mch dn hi tip m cho b khuch ai kh trc m trong IC3 . R51, R52, C31, C32 Phi hp tr khng gia ng ni vi b khuch i pht trong IC3 . R19, R20, C22 Phi hp tr khng gia u ra IC2 vi u vo b khuch i dng DTMF trong IC3 . R35 in tr cn bng in p lm tng nhy cho b khuch i thu trong IC3 . R26, R27, R28, R29, R32, R60 & C26 To thnh mch cn bng tham gia vo mch kh trc m. 3. NGUYN L LM VIC a. Mch thu chung Ngun chung h tn t tng i a ln ng dy T-R thng qua C1-R1 t vo 2 u cu nn D1 D4. Cu nn, nn ngun chung h tn thnh ngun 1 chiu c C2 lc v ZD1 n nh. a (+) ngun cp vo chn 1 v (-) ngun vo chn 5 ca IC1 cp cho cc phn t tch cc trong IC1 lm vic. B to dao ng trong IC1 kt hp vi R3, C3 & R4, C4 to ra dao ng chung m tn a ra chn 8 IC1 kho Ringer PIEZO chn 5 IC1 kn mch. PIEZO pht ra ting chung bo cho ch thu bao bit c cuc gi ti. b. Mch cp ngun 1 chiu - Mch cp ngun nui b nh: (+) CCC R9 chn 12 IC2 b nh trong IC2 chn 5 IC2 t (-) CCC, kn mch.

Trang 110

Hnh bt1.8: S nguyn l my in thoi NITSUKO ST 5E-1L - Mch cp ngun khi ng IC2: (+) CCC HS R15 R17 t (-) CCC. St p trn R15, R17 nh thin phn p cho Q4 lm Q4 thng, a mc thp t t Q4 R16 t vo cc b Q3 lm Q3 thng, a mc cao t +CCC qua Q3 t vo cc b Q2. Q2 thng, (Q2 , Q3 & Q4 thng nhng cha thng bo ho). Khi c dng khi ng cho IC2 lm vic theo mch. (+) CCC HS Q2 R30 D10 R31 chn 12 IC2 mch in trong IC2 chn 5 IC2 t (-) CCC, kn mch. IC2 c cp ngun khi ng a mc cao ra chn 10 IC2 t vo cc b ca Q4 lm cho Q4 thng bo ho nn dn ti Q2 Q3 thng bo ho ng kn mch vng thu bao. Khi c dng cp ngun cho IC2 lm vic. - Mch cp ngun cho IC2 lm vic: (+) CCC HS Q2 R30 D10 R31 chn 12 IC2 mch in trong IC2 chn 5 IC2 t (-) CCC kn mch. - Mch cp ngun cho IC3 lm vic:
Trang 111

(+) CCC HS Q2 R30 chn 16 IC3 cc mch in trong IC3 chn 13 IC3 t (-) CCC, kn mch. - Mch cho php IC2 lm vic: (+) CCC HS R11 R12 t (-) CCC, kn mch. St p trn R12, R11 nh thin phn p cho Q1 thng, a mc thp t t Q1 chn 9 IC2 (chn CE) xung mc thp. Cho php IC2 chu mi tc ng ca bn phm. c. Mch thu thoi Dng thoi t i phng ng dy CCC HS Q2 R25 C24 chn 9 IC3 b khuch i thu trong IC3 chn 13 IC3 t CCC ng dy i phng, kn mch. B khuch i thu, khuch i nng cao mc in a dng thu thoi ra chn 14 IC3 C36 tai nghe t chn 13 IC3, kn mch. d. Mch pht thoi Dng pht thoi t mt u ng ni R11 chn 12 IC3 b khuch i pht trong IC3 chn 11IC3 R12 u kia ng ni, kn mch. B khuch i pht khuch i nng cao mc in a dng pht thoi ra chn 1 IC 3 Q2 HS CCC ng dy i phng ng dy CCC t chn 13 IC3, kn mch. e. Mch pht tn hiu chn s - Mch pht s ch pulse Chuyn kho chn phng php phts v pha pulse, ct mc thp vo chn 4 IC2. IC2 xc nh lm vic ch pulse. Khi n phm IC2 lm vic a dng xung thp phn c s chu k xung tng ng vi phm c n ra chn 10 (DP) t vo cc b ca Q 4. ng vi mc thp Q4 tt dn n cc b ca Q3 ln mc cao nn Q3, Q2 tt, h mch vng thu bao, pht ln ng dy ti tng i 1 xung khng dng. ng vi mc cao Q4 thng a mc thp t t Q4 R16 cc b ca Q3 lm cho Q3 thng, nn Q2 thng ng kn mch vng thu bao pht ln ng dy ti tng i 1 xung c dng. Qu trnh c tip tc nh vy cho n ht lot xung. n cui lot xung chn 10 IC2 ln mc cao nn Q4 Q3, Q2 thng ng kn mch vng thu bao, my tr li lm vic bnh thng. - Mch pht s ch tone Chuyn kho chn phng php pht s v pha tone. a mc thp t t vo chn 4 IC2. IC2 xc nh lm vic ch tone.
Trang 112

Khi n phm IC2 lm vic, a dng DTMF l 1 t hp 2 sng hnh sin c tn s tng ng vi hng v ct ca phm c n ra chn 11 IC2 R20 C22 chn 7 IC3 vo b khuch i dng DTMF chn 13 IC3 t chn 5 IC2, kn mch. B khuch i dng DTMF trong IC3 khuch i, nng cao mc in a dng DTMF ra chn 1 IC3 Q2 HS CCC ng dy tng i ng dy CCC t chn 13 IC3 kn mch. - Mch dit ting click Trong qu trnh pht s IC2 a mc thp ra chn 8 IC2 t vo chn 8,6 IC3, h mch thu thoi dit c ting click. IX. MT S PAN C TH C PHN TCH TRN S . 1. MY IN THOI SIEMENS 802 MODEL 3 Cc hin tng v nguyn nhn gy h hng Hin tng 1: Chung ku lin tc. nguyn nhn do chp t C1 Hin tng 2: Chung ku mt m. Nguyn nhn do chp hoc h t C2 Hin tng 3: Chung ku lc ting. Nguyn nhn do h C3, hoc m ve mch in Hin tng 4: Chung ku 1 hi ri mt. nguyn nhn do m ve ng dy Hin tng5: Chung khng ku. Nguyn nhn do h: dy T, dy R, S1, C1, R1, kho ringer, a pht m, R2, chp: R301, C3, a pht m hoc hng IC chung. Hin tng 6: Thu thoi nghe r rt. Nguyn nhn do h R37, R51, C18, R24, R23, R22, R20 Hin tng 7: Khng thu thoi. o in p cp ngun cho IC khuych i cU 1 > 6 v do h R19, chp C31. Nu 2,8v < U1 < 5v do: h R34, C25, ng nghe, R18, C15, R38, R40, chp C15, C17, C24, C25, ng nghe. Nu 0,5v < U1 < 2v do: chp C7, C8,U5, h R17. Nu U1= 0v. o in p Gia -CCC vi cc CU31 c U2 > 10 v do chp t C18, C19. Nu U2 = 0v do chp C16, U8 nu khng phi th o in p cc E U 31 c U3 > 10v do h R11, R13. Nu 0v < U3 <5v do h t ng dy ti CCC hoc chp R300, chp mt diode CCC Hin tng 8: Khng pht thoi do cc nguyn nhn sau: h R26, R27, R29, R25, C20, ng ni, chp C20, C22, C23, ng ni. Hin tng 9: Pht s ch pulse c clik ln tai khng ct m mi n s. Do chp EC U31, U34

Trang 113

Hin tng 10: Pht s ch pulse khng clik ln tai khng ct m mi n s. Do h chn 11 IC pht s. Hin tng 11: Pht s ch pulse khng clik ln tai hoc nghe ting clik lin tc ko di, ct m mi n s. Do h t C7 Hin tng 12: Pht s ch tone c clik ln tai khng ct m mi n s. Do chp t C30 hoc h t C31 Hin tng 13: Pht s ch tone khng clik ln tai, khng ct m mi m s. Do h R42, R43, C30, chp t C32 2. MY IN THOI NITSUCO ST 5E- 1L ( NEC ATI ) Cc hin tng v nguyn nhn gy h hng Hin tng 1: Chung ku lin tc. nguyn nhn do chp t C1 Hin tng 2: Chung ku mt m. Nguyn nhn do chp hoc h t C3, h R3 Hin tng 3: Chung ku lc ting. Nguyn nhn do h C2, hoc m ve mch in Hin tng 4: Chung ku 1 hi ri mt. nguyn nhn do m ve ng dy Hin tng5: Chung khng ku. Nguyn nhn do h: dy T, R, C1, R1, D1 - D4, R4, C4, kho ringer, a pht m, chp: ZN1, C2, ZD1, C4, D9, a pht m hoc hng IC chung. Hin tng 6: Thu thoi nghe r rt. Nguyn nhn do h R33 & C52, R51, R52, C30, R26, R27, R28, R29 Hin tng 7: Khng thu thoi. o in p cp ngun cho IC3 ( khuych i ) cU1 > 6 v do chp C29. Nu 2,8v < U1 < 5v do: h C36, ng nghe, R25, C24, R32, R35, chp C24, C36, C25, ng nghe. Nu 0,5v < U1 < 2v do: chp C7, C8, ZD2. Nu U1= 0v. o in p Gia -CCC vi cc CQ2 c U2 > 10 v do chp t C30, C51. Nu U2 = 0v do chp C23, ZD3 nu khng phi th o in p cc E Q2 c U3 > 10v do h R15, R16. Nu 0v < U3 <5v do h t ng dy ti CCC hoc chp ZN2, chp mt diode CCC, h HS Hin tng 8: Khng pht thoi do cc nguyn nhn sau: h ng ni, chp C31, C32, ng ni. Hin tng 9: Pht s ch pulse c clik ln tai khng ct m mi n s. Do chp EC QU2, Q3, Q4 Hin tng 10: Pht s ch pulse khng clik ln tai khng ct m mi n s. Do h chn 10 IC pht s.
Trang 114

Hin tng 11: Pht s ch tone c clik ln tai khng ct m mi n s. Do chp t C22 hoc h t C29 Hin tng 12: Pht s ch tone khng clik ln tai, khng ct m mi m s. Do h R19, R20, C22, BI TP 2: THC HNH V H THNG CORDLESS PHONE Mc tiu: Gip hc vin lm quen v c k nng lp t, sa cha nhng h hng nh i vi h thng cordless phone. Ni dung: - Hng dn lp t h thng. Hin nay trn th trng c nhiu loi my cordless phone khc nhau. Tu vo cng sut pht m tm lin lc gia my m v my con c th t vi trm mt n hng kilmt. Vi loai c bn knh lin lc xa th i hi phi c anten ngoi tri. My in thoi corless phone cu to gm 2 phn chnh: my m v my con. My m ( base unit ) m nhim chc nng mt trm trung chuyn ni kt my con vi tng i. My m ni vi tng i bng ng dy in thoi v lin lc vi my con bng mt ng v tuyn song cng, tn s sng mang 1,7 MHz hoc 46 MHz cho hng t my m n my con v 49 MHz cho hng t my con n my m. My m hot ng bng ngun xoay chiu 220v hoc 110v. My con ( handset ) m nhn nhim v: Nhn v pht tn hiu gi. Nhn v pht tn hiu thoi, bin tn hiu thoi thnh m thanh v ngc li. My con hot ng bng pin kh c sc li t my m. Cch lp t: Cng vic bao gm u ng dy in thoi vo my m, u ngun cho my m. Vi nhng my hin i c tm lin lc xa hng kilmt th phi u thm anten ngoi vo my m, u t phng chng st. Cc cng on trn lun c trong sch hng dn khi mua my. Trnh t lp t: + Gn dy in thoi vo cm line my m + Lp anten tri ( nu cn ) cm dy anten vo ghim anten ca my m + Cp ngun in dn dng cho my m, bt cng tc ngun, n ch th sng my m bt u hot ng + Np in cho my con my thu, pht tn hiu t hiu qu cao nht, iu trc tin ta phi th my ti cc ni ta c th t my. Sau chn ly mt v tr m c tip in dn dng, c ly lin lc gia my m v my con xa nht, cht lng m thoi tt
Trang 115

nht. My m nn t v tr cao nht trong nh m ni ta c th t c my. Thng my m s dng chnh dy cp ngun in xoay chiu cho my lm anten bc x sng mang tn hiu v vy dy cp ngun cho my phi thng khng nn qun li hoc t n vo trong ng kim loi v lm vy s gim c ly lin lc gia my m v my con. Ch khi u ngun cho my m c 1 kho chn in p ngun nui t di thn v my, kho ny cho php chn in p nui cho my m ph hp vi vng c li in dn dng. - Hng dn x l mt s h hng n gin. Led ch th cp ngun cho my m khng sng, my mt lin lc, nguyn nhn c th do: Mt ngun in li, chy cu ch bo v b ngun Led ch th cp ngun cho my m sng nhng mt lin lc gia my m v my con, nguyn nhn c th pin ca my con b hng ta phi thay pin, chuyn mch chng nghe trm gia my m v my con khng t cng v tr. My con chung ku lin tc mc d khng c cuc gi no gi ti, nguyn nhn c th do chp PC cm quang dn ti b to dao ng sng chung trong my m lun lun lm vic. Cht lng m thoi km, nguyn nhn c th do my con qu xa my m, anten c vt l che khut, pin my con b km cht lng.

CHNG II

Trang 116

THNG TIN IN BO I/ TNG QUAN V NGUYN L THNG TIN IN BO 1. KHI NIM : Thng tin in bo l k thut dng tn hiu in truyn cc k hiu mang tin tc. K hiu c th l ch ci, ch s, du hoc hnh nh...thng qua my in bo u cui nh mi trng truyn dn. 2. S KHI THNG BO GIA 2 TRM S khi thng bo gia 2 trm c m t nh hnh 2.1 ng truyn dn ng truyn dn

Thit b u cui A

TNG I IN BO

Thit b u cui B

Hnh 2.1: S khi thng bo gia 2 trm thng tin in bo Chc nng ch yu ca tng i in bo l iu phi thng tin dng vn bn, cng vic iu phi y gm 2 phn: kt ni lin lc v x l mc u tin lin lc khi xy ra tranh chp (chng hn khi nhiu thu bao cng mun s dng mt ng dy trung k, phi kt ni thu bao no v buc thu bao no phi ch i). kt ni lin lc tng i in bo phi kt ni cho 2 thit b u cui A & B. Gi s thit b u cui A l thu bao ch gi, thit b u cui B l thu bao b gi th qu trnh kt ni lin lc c th chia ra lm 4 giai on theo trnh t sau: - Giai on chim dng ng dy. - Giai on quay s kt ni - Giai on lin lc . - Giai on gii phng ng dy a) Giai on chim dng ng dy L giai on bt u t lc thu bao ch gi (A) vo chng trnh phn mm VDC/TEX v t ng gi s thu bao b gi (B) theo cc s quy nh, n s to ra s thay i tn hiu in trn ng dy t thu bao A n tng i in bo. Lc ny, tng i in bo trung tm nhn bit c tn hiu gi t thu bao A v o tn hiu in trn ng dy t tng i v thu bao A. n y ta ni ng dy gia thu bao A v tng i in bo c chim dng. b) Giai on quay s kt ni Sau khi kt thc giai on (a) th tng i in bo s gi thng bo n thu bao A yu cu gi s.
Trang 117

Th d: TP HCM/GA Tt c cc thu bao u c ci t cc s thu bao thng lin lc v trong Menu cn c kh nng sa i s thu bao cn lin lc. Khi nhn c thng bo trn mn hnh th thu bao A tin hnh n phm gi s. Tng i c nhim v phn tch s nhn c v tin hnh kt ni cho thu bao ch gi (A) lin lc vi thu bao b gi (B) th trn ng dy n thu bao B cng c tn hiu in bin i. Sau mt thi gian tr cho php, nu thu bao B ri th lp tc trn mn hnh thu bao A s hin ln h hiu ca thu bao B. Lc ny, thu bao A bt u vo phin lin lc vi thu bao B. c) Giai on lin lc Giai on ny tng i c nhim v chuyn tp tin t A n B v ngc li t B n A. Ngoi ra n c kh nng kim tra x l tp tin gia A v B (lu vn bn, x l...). d) Giai on gii phng ng dy: Khi kt thc lin lc thu bao A pht tn hiu STOP, tng i gii phng lin lc, tnh cc v chun b kt ni lin lc cho cuc gi tip theo. y l giai on cui cng ca qu trnh kt ni lin lc, n c th l giai on k tip ca B hoc ca C Cc thit b u cui c s dng thng l mt my tnh gm c: mn hnh, CPU, my in, bn phm v h thng giao din (card Telex chuyn dng) giao tip vi cc ng dy trung k ti tng i in bo trung tm. 3. CC LOI M DNG TRONG THNG TIN IN BO: M l t chc cc k hiu theo mt quy lut nht nh din t ni dung thng tin cn thit. a. M Morse Nm1837 ng Smorse pht minh ra tn hiu in tn m chng ta quen gi l tn hiu Morse. Tn hiu Morse bao gm nhng (.) chm, (-) gch c trng cho cc ch ci, ch s v du truyn a tin tc. Thc hin thng tin di dng ny, ngi ta gi l thng tin in bo Morse. n nm 1901 ci tin tn hiu Morse l nhng (.) (-) thnh tn hiu m thanh (.) chm c thay bng m tch. (-) gch c thay bng m t) Thng tin in bo Morse c i tn gi l in bo Morse m thanh.
Trang 118

* Cu to m : (.)= tch = 1 n v thi gian c dng in. (-) = t = 3 n v thi gian c dng in. Khong cch gia (.) vi (.), (.) vi (-), (-) vi (-) bng mt n v thi gian khng dng in Khong cch gia cc ch trong 1 ting bng 3 n v thi gian khng dng in, khong cch gia cc ting bng 5 n v thi gian khng dng in. * Mch lin lc:Hnh 2.2 Manif ng dy My thu

Tai nghe (Loa)

Hnh 2.2 Mch lin lc thng tin in bo morse trn ng dy n tuyn M Morse c s dng trong thng tin in bo Morse m thanh. Nguyn l lm vic: Cn c vo bn tin cn pht, in bo vin bn pht dch thnh tn hiu v n ma-nip (m, ng ngun) a dng in t dng ngun ma-nip ng dy my thu t m ngun my pht. My thu c cp ngun, to ra dao ng m tn, a n loa pht ra m thanh. in bo vin bn thu cn c vo m thanh thu c dch ghi thnh vn bn. b. M 5 n v : M 5 n v l m mi ch ci, ch s v du u c c trng bng 5 xung in c dng hay khng c dng in, xung in c dng k hiu bng ch s (1), xung in khng dng k hiu bng ch s (0). V d : Ch y = 10101, ch r = 01010. phn bit mi t hp m 1 ch trc mi t hp c 1 xung khi l xung khng dng & kt thc mi t hp m th cui mt t hp c 1 xung ngng l xung c dng . Cu to m 5 n v c m t hnh 2.3 K 1 2 3 4 5 N T T T T T T 1.5T Thi gian mt t hp m Hnh 2.3: M 5 n v
Trang 119

T=Mt n v thi gian = 20 ms

M 5 n v c s dng trong in bo truyn in ch (Teletype). V d v m 5 n v c m t hnh 2.4. K 1 0 1 0 1 Ch Y N K 0 1 0 1 0 Ch R N

Hnh 2.4 th thi gian ca dng in khi pkht ch Y, R * Nguyn l thng tin in bo truyn in ch nh sau : Teletype Teletype u A u B Hnh 2.5 Mch lin lc ng in bo Teletype ng dy

2 My teletipe c th u lin lc trc tip vi nhau, hoc lin lc thng qua kt ni ca tng i in bo. u pht cn c vo bn tin cn pht , in bo vin nh ln bn phm (tng t bn phm my vi tnh). My teletype u pht s bin i cc ch, c in bo vin n ln phm thnh cc t hp m 5 n v truyn ln ng dy ti phn thu ca my Teletype u thu. B phn thu my teletype u thu s bin i cc t hp m 5 n v thu c thnh cc ch, s, du & in ln giy to thnh bn tin u thu. Qu trnh truyn dn ngc li cng tng t. II/ KHI NIM V H THNG FACSIMILE ( FAX ) 1. KHI NIM: T Facsimile bt ngun t ch latinh c ngha l sao chp nguyn bn, do t fax l ch mt qu trnh sao chp nguyn dng.
TIU CHUN ITU-T GG1 GG2 GG3 GG4 TC PHT Thp Trung bnh Cao Cc cao THI GIAN PHT 1 TRANG A4 Khong 6 pht Khong 3 pht Khon 1 pht Vi giy

Vy my fax l thit b truyn cc bn tin, bn v, hnh nh cc trang ti liu t ni ny n ni khc qua ng dy in thoi Ni cch khc my fax l mt my photocopy c kh nng truyn thng.

Trang 120

2. PHN LOI C hai loi chnh: tng t (analog) v s (digital). K thut tng t l h thng c hn, ti liu truyn i bng cch qut tng phn ca ti liu, l nguyn nhn lm chm qu trnh thng tin. H thng fax s, phn tch ti liu thnh cc s thc cha nh v nn n li sau truyn i. CCITT nh ngha 3 nhm thit b FAX dng ng dy in thoi: G1, G2, G3. Trong G1, G2 l k thut tng t. Hin nay G3 l tiu chun tin tin vi tc truyn v cht lng in cao hn, n ang c s dng rng ri trn mng vin thng. Tt hn c l nhm G4, n s dng mng thng tin s ho v hin nay c s dng ph bin. III / NGUYN L TRUYN NH TNH : Khi khoa hc cng ngh pht trin, vic truyn a cc vn bn khng p ng c nhu cu thc t. v d mun truyn i c ni dung v cc bc nh ca mt t bo th vic s dng in bo 5 n v khng th thc hin c. Nguyn l truyn nh tnh c th c m t tm tt nh sau: - u pht s qut pht t bo gc, sau a vo b bin i thng tin hnh nh thnh tn hiu in ( thc hin bin i quang - in ) v a vo my pht pht ti u thu. u thu nhn c tn hiu v tin hnh gii m v a vo b phn iu khin ghi, b phn ghi s cn c vo tn hiu nhn c iu khin thit b ghi, ghi li ni dung ( thc hin bin i in - quang ) ca trang bo cng nh cc hnh nh km theo ca trang bo. - C nhiu loi thit b ghi nh: ghi nhit, ghi ho hccc bn ghi ny s th hin li ng ni dung m trang bo bn pht pht i. - Ngy nay vi trang thit b hin i hn nn cng vic t chc in bo ti nhiu a im trn c nc c tin hnh hu nh ng thi, sau khi hon chnh khun bo. Hin nay nc ta in bo Nhn dn nhiu ni nh: H ni, TP H ch Minh, nng, Bnh nh, c lc, Cn th,.. IV. S KHI & HOT NG CA H THNG MY FACSIMILE 1/ S KHI & CHC NNG CC KHI a. S khi : Hnh 2.6 m t s khi ca thit b FAX b. Chc nng cc khi :

Trang 121

Ph n ghi

u iu khin u t nhit t

Trc p Motor giy ghi Gi y ghi

Motor c iu khin Motor n hung quang Gng phn x Thu knh

H th B ng nh x l tru ng tm

iu iu khin ROB RA khin M nh MI/O vit I/O hot ng Motor

D y BU S

CPU

Bn iu khin Ngu n cung cp Cm bin iu khin khc iu khin iu truyn d khin liu Modem M O D E M AG C PSTN N C U

Trang 122

Ti liu

Trc p giy Tr c ma ng gi y

Cm bin hnh nh CCD iu khin c Bin i A/D, S/P B khuch i

D ng d li u n h

(1) Phn c Tn hi u BU i S u khi n

Hnh 2.6: S khi ca my FAX

a. Phn c : C nhim v bin i cc ti liu a vo thnh cc tn hiu in, thng qua hot ng ca h thng qut ngang & qut dc. Bao gm cc b phn sau: - Motor c: iu khin trc p giy v trc mang giy - Trc p giy v trc mang giy: a ti liu vo trong my - n hung quang: pht sng soi ni dung ti liu - Gng phn x v thu knh: Tp trung hnh nh ca ti liu vo CCD - B cm bin hnh nh CCD: Thc hin bin i tn hiu quang thnh tn hiu in - B khuch i: Khuch i ng cao mc in tn hiu tn hiu - Bin i A/D: Thc hin bin i tn hiu tng t thnh tn hiu s c cc bit ni tip & bin i S/P: Thc hin bin i tn hiu s c cc bit ni tip thnh tn hiu s c cc bit song song. b. Phn ghi : C nhim v bin i cc tn hiu in thu c thnh hnh nh. thc hin cc thao tc in li d liu hnh nh. Bao gm cc b phn sau: - Motor ghi: iu khin trc p giy v trc mang giy. - iu khin u t: Cn c d liu t iu khin vit a ti iu khin u t nhit. - u t nhit: Thc hin bin i tn hiu in thnh tn hiu quang in ln giy. - Giy ghi: Sn sng ghi ni dung bc FAX thu c. c. H thng x l trung tm: C nhim v x l ( thc hin qu trnh m ho, gii m ) cc d liu hnh nh. Bao gm cc b phn sau. - CPU: B x l trung tm, iu khin ton b cc b phn ca my FAX hot ng. - iu khin c: iu khin cc b phn phn c lm vic v nhn tn hiu t phn c a ti b nh RAM. - iu khin ng ngun cho cc motor. - iu khin vit: Ly d liu t b nh RAM a ti iu khin u t. - RAM: Ghi nh cc d liu khi oc, khi thu. - ROM: Ghi nh chng trnh hot ng ca my FAX. - iu khin modem: i khi modem thc hin bin i D/A khi oht, bin i A/D khi thu.
Trang 123

- iu khi truyn d liu: Thc hin truyn d liu t RAM ti modem khi pht, truyn d liu t modem ti RAM khi khi thu, - iu khin khc: Nhn cc tc ng t cc c cu b tr a vo CPU c. Cc khi h tr : . Ngun cung cp: c nhim v bin i ngun in cng nghip 220 v thnh ngun in 1 chiu c cc mc in p 5v cung cp cho h thng x l trung tm & cc b phn khc, 12v cung cp cho motor lm vic. . Bn iu khin: C nhim v m thng qua ngi s dng pht tn hiu gi, ci t chng trnh thu pht sao chp, ci t h hiu... . B cm bin: C nhim v pht hin khi c bc facsimile cn pht a vo my facsimile. . Modem: C nhim v bin i d liu hnh nh t tn hiu s d liu hnh nh thnh tn hiu tng t d liu hnh nh khi thc hin pht bc facsimile & bin i tn hiu tng t d liu hnh nh thnh tn hiu s d liu hnh nh khi thc hin thu bc facsimile. . NCU: Khi iu khin ng dy c nhim v: Thc hin ni my facsimile vi ng dy in thoi cng cng (PSTN) Khi tin hnh thu- pht bc facsimile, thc hin ni my in thoi (tch my facsimile ra khi ng dy) vi ng dy khi tin hnh m thoi. 2/ LUNG TN HIU NH KHI GI ( PHT ) BC FACSIMILE a. S khi m t hot ng ca qu trnh truyn dn: Hnh 2.7 b./ Nguyn l hot ng : D p ti liu vo khay ng giy, n s thue bao b gi, n star, b cm bin pht hin c yu cu pht bc FAX, thng bo cho b iu khin khc, b iu khin khc thng bo cho CPU, CPU chuyn lnh cho b iu khin c lm vic, iu khin motor ng ngun cho motor c lm vic, iu khin trc p giy, ln giy a ti liu vo trong my v ng ngun cho n hunh quang sng. nh sng t n hunh quang chiu vo ti liu phn nh sng, ti ca ni dung ti liu thng qua gng phn x v thu knh n b cm bin hnh nh CCD. B cm bin hnh nh CCD thc hin bin i tn hiu quang thnh tn hiu in hnh nh tng ng, vi tn hiu Analog c bin in p nh khong 1V. Tn hiu ti u ra ca b cm bin c a n b khuch i in p nng cao mc in c mc in p nh ra xp x 5V. Sau tn hiu i qua b bin i A/D chuyn i tn hiu tng t sang tn hiu s l chui bt nh phn ni tip, chui bt ny c a qua b
Trang 124

(2) H thng x l trung tm

bin i ni tip/song song (S/P) bin i thnh tn hiu s c cc bt song song. Sau n b iu khin c i qua cc BUS d liu n RAM lu gi. Qu trnh c lp li cho n khi thu c 216 ch (c 1728 bt d liu ) tng ng vi c hon thnh 1 dng th ti liu c dch vo c dng tip theo. D liu hnh nh trong RAM s c a n CPU m ho, sau c gi ngc tr li RAM lu gi.

BUS ng dy

(1) Phn c

Thu knh

NCU

SW2

Ti liu

trc Trc mang n p giy hunh giy quang

Motor nhiu mc

Trang 125

PSTN

SW1

Hnh2.7 : S khi m t nguyn l hot ng phn truyn

(3) MODEM

SW3 G2 MODEM G3 MODEM

iu khin Modem

RAM iu khin truyn d liu

ROM iu khin Motor iu khin Motor

iu khin c

Khuch i

CCD cm bin nh

Bin i A/D, S/P

CPU

Tu theo yu cu truyn dn vi tc nh th no v tu theo ch lm vic ca my Facsimiler m s dng chuyn mch SW1 hay SW2 chn modem G3 hoc G2, theo yu cu ca modem G3/G2 m CPU yu cu gi d liu hnh nh trong RAM qua b iu khin truyn d liu n modem G3/G2. Modem G3/G2 s iu ch tn hiu, thc hin bin i tn hiu s thnh tn hiu tng t sau gi tn hiu ln ng dy n i phng. Qu trnh ny s c lp i lp li cho n khi 1 trang ti liu c truyn i hon ton, khi truyn ht 1 trang ti liu th my fax i phng s nhn bit v truyn ngc v my pht bo kt qu thu tt v 2 my s tin hnh kt thc truyn s liu, gii phng ng truyn. 3/LUNG TN HIU HNH NH KHI THC HIN THU BC FACSIMILE: a) S khi phn thu: S khi phn thu c m t hnh 2.8 b) Nguyn l hot ng : Khi my pht c ni thng vi my thu qua mng in thoi PSTN chng c chn ch tng thch vi nhau: Trc khi b CPU iu khin b iu khin Modem ng cc chuyn mch SW2, SW3 chn G2 hay G3 v thit lp ch gii iu ch cc tn hiu hnh nh thu c t ng dy qua NCU -> SW2 -> phn thu tn hiu. Bin tn hiu truyn dn c iu chnh li li nh b AGC -> SW2 -> Modem G2 hoc G3 tu theo vic chn la tn hiu hnh nh c gii iu ch nh modem G 2 hoc G3 thc hin bin i tn hiu in thnh tn hiu s. ( Phi iu chnh li li v tn hiu hnh nh thu c thng qua nhiu b bin i v ng dy do cc mc thu s b suy yu hoc khng ph hp do vy bin tn hiu c iu chnh nh AGC m bo mc in cn thit cho b phn thu hot ng tt). Tn hiu sau khi c gii iu ch c gi n b iu khin truyn d liu di dng cc bt ni tip, b iu khin truyn d liu bin i s liu ni tip thnh d liu song song ri gi n bus d liu -> RAM lu gi. Sau khi thu c 216 t = 1728 bit d liu hnh nh trong RAM th c gi n CPU gii m, sau khi gii m xong tin hnh gi ngc li v RAM lu gi, khi mt dng d liu c lu gi trong RAM th CPU iu khin b iu khin motor v b iu khin ghi, d liu hnh nh c gi n b iu khin vit -> trnh iu khin u t nhit. Ti y s to ra tn hiu hng dn v iu khin u t nhit in ra dng d liu (qut ngang), sau khi 1 dng c in ra giy th giy ghi c dch chuyn chun b in ra dng tip theo nh CPU iu khin b iu khin motor lm cho cc motor quay ko trc ln quay
Trang 126

(2) H thng x l trung tm CPU RAM ROM

BUS

PSTN

AGC

NCU G2 Modem

SW2

G3 Modem

SW3

iu khin vit Trnh iu khin Motor

iu khin Motor

(3) Phn ghi

Ct giy

Giy ghi

Motor

Trc p giy

Motor hai mc

iu khin u t nhit

thc hiu qu trnh qut dc (in ra dng tip theo). Qu trnh c lp i lp li cho n khi 1 trang d liu thu c in ra giy ghi.

Trang 127

u t nhit

Hnh 2.8: S khi m t nguyn l hot ng phn thu

iu khin MODEM

SW1

iu khin truyn d liu

(1) MODEM

Khi in c 1 trang d liu th CPU iu khin b iu khin motor thng qua trnh iu khin motor lm motor 1 mc quay thc hin qu trnh ct giy, b ct hot ng ct giy ghi hon thnh 1 trang d liu. Qu trnh tip tc vi trang d liu tip theo cho n khi qu trnh thu kt thc, my thu pht tn hiu v cho my pht bo thu ht v thc hin qu trnh gii to ng dy tr v trng thi ban u. 3/ LUNG TN HIU NH KHI THC HIN COPPY (sao chp)
(2) H thng x l trung tm

BUS ng dy

(3) Phn ghi

Giy ghi

(1) Phn c

u t nhit

n hunh quang

Ti liu

Con ln

Motor

Trang 128

Trc Ln giy

Ct giy

Trc ln giy

Motor hai mc

Thu knh

Hnh2.9 : S khi m t nghuyn l hot ng phn sao chp

Trnh iu khin Motor

iu khin Motor

iu khin u t nhit

RAM

iu khin vit

ROM CCD cm bin nh Khuch i Bin i A/D, S/P

iu khin c

CPU

a) S khi phn sao chp S khi phn sao chp c m t hnh 2.9: b) Nguyn l hot ng : Ci t my ch sao chp. Khi a ti liu vo thit b fax, b cm bin pht hin thng bo cho b iu khin khc, b iu khin khc thng bo cho CPU, CPU chuyn lnh cho b iu khin c lm vic, iu khin motor ng ngun motor lm vic a ti liu vo trong my v ng ngun cho n hunh quang sng. nh sng t n hunh quang chiu vo ti liu phn nh sng, ti ca ni dung ti liu thng qua gng phn chiu thu knh n b cm bin hnh nh CCD. B cm bin hnh nh CCD thc hin bin i tn hiu quang thnh tn hiu in hnh nh tng ng, vi tn hiu Analog c bin in p nh khong 1V. Tn hiu ti u ra ca b cm bin c a n b khuch i in p nng cao mc in c mc in p nh ra xp x 5V. Sau tn hiu i qua b bin i A/D chuyn i tn hiu tng t sang tn hiu s l chui bt nh phn ni tip, chui bt ny c a qua b bin i ni tip/song song (S/P) bin i thnh tn hiu s c cc bt song song. Sau n b iu khin c i qua cc BUS d liu n RAM lu gi. Qu trnh c lp li cho n khi thu c 1 trang FAX th CPU iu khin b iu khin motor v b iu khin ghi, d liu hnh nh c gi n b iu khin vit -> trnh iu khin u t nhit. Ti y s to ra tn hiu hng dn v iu khin u t nhit in ra dng d liu (qut ngang), sau khi 1 dng c in ra giy th giy ghi c dch chuyn chun b in ra dng tip theo. Qu trnh ny c thc hin do CPU iu khin, b iu khin motor 2 mc lm trc ln quay, qu trnh hot ng c lp i lp li cho n khi 1 trang ti liu c sao chp xong, b CPU iu khin b iu khin motor thng qua trnh iu khin motor motor 1 mc quay ct giy ghi hon thnh vic sao chp 1 trang ti liu.

Trang 129

BI TP CHNG II: BI TP THC HNH V MY FAX Mc tiu: Gip hc vin lm quen & c k nng lp t sa cha h hng nh i vi h thng may FAX Ni dung:
I. GII THIU CHC NNG MT S PHM, KHO, NT C BN.

(MY FAX CANON FAX-450)

Display: mn hnh tinh th lng. Quick Reference Guide: hng dn tham kho nhanh. Document tray: khay giy. Control panel: bn iu khin. Paper guides: b phn iu chnh kh giy bn Fax, b phn dn giy. Recording paper open/close lever: cn m b phn thay giy Fax. Recording paper outlet: li ra ca bn Fax nhn c.
Trang 130

 Document holder: khung ti liu: b phn ny phi ng ngoi tr khi lp giy vo. Document feeder tray: khay ti liu gc. Paper window: ca s giy. Power switch: cng tc in. Power cord: dy dn in. LIGHT_DARKER key/lamp: phm/n iu chnh sng - ti. - n phm ny iu chnh sng-ti ca ti liu bn mun gi hoc Copy. - Khi n no sng th my ang c ci t ch . Khi c hai n u tt ngha l my ang ch bnh thng. SUPER FINE-FINE key/lamp: phm/n siu chnh xc-chnh xc. n phm ny xc lp ch ti liu gi i c r rng. Khi n no sng th bn ang xc lp ch . Khi c hai n ny u tt ngha l my ang ch bnh thng. STOP key: phm dng. n phm ny my ngng hot ng ang thc hin hoc xo b mt ci t. TTI SELECTOR key: Phm la chn tn ngi gi: n phm ny la chn tn ca ngi gi ti liu. Speaker Volume switch: bin tr iu chnh m thoi ra loa. Memory Protect switch: cng tc bo v b nh. - v tr Off: ngt ngun bo v b nh khi thc hin ci t. - v tr On: bt ngun bo v b nh. MANUANL key/lamp: phm/n nhn Fax nhn cng: n phm ny bt hoc tt ch nhn Fax nhn cng. Khi n ny sng th my ang c ci t ch nhn Fax nhn cng. TALK key/lamp: phm/n ni: n phm ny khi bn mun tr li mt cuc gi hoc mun gi Fax nhn cng. Khi n ny sng nhn bit phm ny ang c bt. START key: phm khi ng: n phm ny my s khi ng, ghi hay ct giy. USER DATA key: phm s dng s liu: n phm ny ghi s liu ca ngi s dng vo my.
Trang 131

 TEL REGISTRATION key: n phm ny ghi s in thoi cho Speed Dialing. DELAYED TRANSMISSION key: phm tr hon truyn. S dng phm ny gi ti liu sau mt thi gian c n nh trc. DELAYED POLLING key: phm tr hon kim tra vng. n phm kim tra tun t ti mt thi im n nh trc. REPORT key: phm in bng bo co. n phm in ra cc danh sch cc s liu v bo co hot ng. Numric keys: bn phm s. Dng ghi hoc quay s. SET key: phm ci t. n phm ny sau khi quay s hoc lu tr cc thao tc va thit lp. CURSOR key: phm con tr. n phm dch chuyn con tr ghi thng tin. CLEAR key: phm xo. n phm xo cc s khi ang ghi vo b nh. STAMP key: phm con du: n vo ng du ti liu khi hon thnh gi. CONFIDENTIAL MAILBOX key: phm hp th b mt. n phm khi gi ti liu mt. RELAY BROADCAST key: phm chuyn. n phm gi ti liu thng qua n v chuyn. CANCEL key: phm hy. n phm hu vng kim tra t cc vng khc nhau. PAUSE key: phm tm dng. n phm tm dng trong khi nhp s Fax khi ghi vo b nh. Search keys: cc phm chn: n 2 phm ny tm chc nng. SPACE key: phm khong trng. n phm c c mt khong trng (k t trng) khi ghi thng tin.

Trang 132

(MY FAX PANASONIC KX-F2581 BX) Dial

keypad

HELP Display
Panel

RESOLUT ION Direct call

stations LOWER

FLASH TONE

MUT

REDIAL/PAUSE

DIRECTOR VOLUME Y E SP-PHONE START/COPY/SET

MENU

STOP

AUTO

RECEIVE

- Dial keypad: bn phm - Flash: ly li Tone. - Redial/Pause: gi li s thu bao cui cng/tm dng pht xung s. - Mute: lm cm ng ni. - Help: in hng dn mt s chc nng c bn. - Display panel: mn hnh tinh th lng. - SP Phone: m thoi khi khng dng t hp. - Auto Receiver: t ng nhn Fax. - Derectory: gi s t b nh. - Menu: kch khi Menu (cc chc nng ca my). - Volume: iu chnh m lng thoi ra loa. - Stop: dng khng gi Fax, khng thc hin 1 chc nng no ca my. - Start/Copy/Set: Thc hin gi Fax / Thc hin Copy / Thc hin ci t. - Direct call station: cc phm nh. - Lower: ghi s vo v tr di. - Speaker: loa.
Trang 133

- Microphone: Micro. - Resolution: chn ch ca bn Fax. - Documen exit: ni ra ca bn Fax gi i. - Documen entrance: ni t bn Fax. - Paper tacker: gi bn Fax. - Documen feeder try: khay cha bn Fax. - Document guide: iu chnh kh giy bn Fax. - Front lid open button: nt m bn iu khin thay giy Fax. II. HNG DN LP T & CI T CC THNG S C BN (MY FAX CANON FAX-450) 1. CC THAO TC C BN: a.Thc hin gi Fax: Bc 1: La chn ch ca bn Fax: (Ci t cc ch cho bn Fax) - STANDARD-FINE-SUPER FINE: ci t "FINE" hay "SUPER FINE" khi bn Fax ch qu nh hoc nhiu dng. Khi n ny khng sng th my ang ch STANDARD. - STANDARD-DARKER-LIGHTER: Ci t m-nht ca bn Fax hoc Copy. Khi n ny khng sng th my ch STANDARD. - HALFTONE: dng ch ny khi gi bn Fax l hnh nh. Bc 2: M khay giy Bc 3: iu chnh kh giy Fax. Bc 4: t p bn Fax vo v tr. Bc 5: La chn tn ngi gi bng cch n phm TTI SELECTOR. Bc 6: Quay s: - T b nh 01 26: n nh cn gi. - Quay s bng m ghi (*+XX) (XX = 00 99) - Quay s trc tip: n s ri n START Bc 7: Bn Fax s c truyn. - Nu mun dng th n STOP. Bc 8: Khi nghe ting Beep ngha l lc bn Fax c gi xong. - Khi my i phng khng c ngi tr li hoc my i phng bn th my s t ng gi li sau 2 pht.
Trang 134

- Nu khng mun ch t ng tr li th n STOP, sau mun gi li s va gi th n # ri n START. b.Thc hin nhn Fax: . Nhn Fax nhn cng: Bc 1: Khi chung in thoi ku, nhc t hp tr li. Bc 2: Khi bn nghe trn tai nghe ting Beep chm, n START. Nu khng chp nhn Fax th n STOP. Bc 3: My Fax s bt u nhn Fax. t t hp xung. Nu khng t t hp my s bo nhng ting Beep-Beep sau khi nhn Fax. Bc 4: My Fax s pht ra mt ting Beep khi hon thnh vic nhn Fax. My s bo nhng ting Beep lin tc nu b li trong khi nhn. . Nhn Fax t ng: - My fax s t ng nhn Fax khi n Manual lamp khng sng. - My s khng t ng nhn Fax khi: o ang thc hin Copy. o ang in Report. o Ci t my. - Nu bn mun dng nhn Fax th n STOP. - In bn Fax t b nh: Khi my Fax t ch t ng nhn Fax v giy khng chy c, bt k mt bn Fax no n u c my lu tr trong b nh. My c th lu tr c 20 trang Fax c giy A4. Thao tc thc hin in nh sau: Bc 1: Kim tra trn mn hnh xem my c lu tr bn Fax no trong b nh khng. - Mn hnh s bo kim tra giy. - Mn hnh bo RECEIVED IN MEMORY. Bc 2: Kim tra li giy in. Bc 3: n phm START. - My s t ng ct giy. Sau in Fax ra. Sau khi in xong my s t ng xo trong b nh.
Trang 135

- Nu ta tt ngun th bn Fax trong b nh cng s b xo. c. Chc nng Copy: Bc 1: Chnh tng phn. - Khi chc nng Copy my s t ng ci t ch SUPER FINE - La chn: STANDARD-DARKER-LIGHTER. - Ci t: HALPTONE: ci t khi bn FAX cn Copy l hnh nh. Bc 2: t bn cn Copy vo v tr. Bc 3: n START. Khi my ang thc hin Copy: - Nu bn mun dng Copy th n STOP. - Nu c Fax n trong khi ang Copy th phi n STOP, my s tr v ch Standby v nhn Fax. Bn khng th thc hin Copy c khi t hp c nhc ln. 2. CI T A CH U TRANG FAX: Khi gi mt ti liu, bn c th t ng in ra cho bn nhn tn cng ty hay tn ngi gi, s in thoi hay tn ngi gi. Tt c nhng chi tit s hin ra phn trn ca ti liu nhn di hnh thc nh ging nh l a ch tr v trn th. Bng s nhn bit ti liu m bn gi n bn i phng nhn Fax s d dng nhn bit thng tin d mi lt qua. Ci t tn ngi gi (tn c quan, n v): Bc 1: Bt kho Memory v v tr OFF. M np che bn phm s. Bc 2: n phm USER DATA, mn hnh hin th: Nu bn khng c mt tc ng no trong 60 giy trong khi ang thc hin USER DATA 1.ENTER YOUR TEL chc nng ny th my s tr v ch ban u. Bc 3: n hai phm search ( ) n khi mn hnh hin th:

USER.DATA 6. TTI

Trang 136

Bn c th n phm s 6 hin th tr li. Nu bn n s 6 thay v s dng phm tm kim th nhy sang bc tip theo. Bc 4: n phm SET, mn hnh hin th: 6. TTI 01 = Bc 5: n phm SET. Mn hnh hin th: Enter number 01= Bc 6: Ghi tn c nhn hay ban ngnh. . Dng cc phm s:2, 4, 6, 8 tm k t. . n s 5 chn kiu k t: - Ch in. - Ch thng. - S. - K t c bit. . n phm CURSOR dch chuyn con tr. V d: TRUONG CN BUU DIEN II Bc 7: n phm SET. Mn hnh xut hin: 6. TTI 01 =TRUONG CN BUU DIEN II Bc 8: n phm SET. 6. TTI 02 = My Fax i bn ghi tn k tip, bng cch thc hin li t bc 6 . My s t ng ghi vo tip theo, nu mun chn s nh th thc hin li t bc 5. Khi mun kt thc th: Bc 9: n phm STANDBY. My s tr v trng thi i nhn Fax.
Trang 137

Bc 10: y np che bn phm s v chuyn kho Memory v v tr On. 3. CI T NGY GI: Khi bn ci t ngy gi vo my th ngy gi s t ng hin u trang ti liu m i phng nhn t my Fax ca bn. Thao tc thc hin nh sau: Bc1: Bt kho Memory v v tr OFF. M np che bn phm s. Bc2: n phm USER DATA, mn hnh hin th: USER.DATA 1.ENTER YOUR TEL Nu bn khng c mt tc ng no trong 60 giy trong khi ang thc hin chc nng ny th my s tr v ch ban u (ch nhn Fax). Bc3: n hai phm search ( USER.DATA 5. SET TIME Nu bn n s 5 thay v s dng phm tm kim th nhy sang bc tip theo. Bc4: n phm SET, mn hnh hin th: 07/07 /06 09:25 *07/07/06 09:25 Dng trn ch ngy gi hin hnh. Dng di ch s thay i nu c. Bc5: n ngy gi hin ti vo, vi 2 s cui ca nm, cn thi gian th ghi theo h thng 24 ting. Cn gi, pht, ngy hay thng l s n th phi n thm s 0 pha trc. Nu bn n b nhm s th n phm CURSOR dch chuyn n v tr s sai v n li s. V d: Ngy gi hin ti l: 09 gi 25 ngy 06 thng 07 nm 2007, th n 06 07 07 . Mn hnh s hin th: 06/07 /07 09:25 *06/07/07 09:25 Bc 6: n phm SET. Mn hnh xut hin: DATA ENTRY OK ) n khi mn hnh hin th:

ng h s bt u t lc bn n phm SET.
Trang 138

Bc7: n phm STANDBY. Mn hnh xut hin: 06/07/07 09:25

Bc8: y np che bn phm s v chuyn kho Memory v v tr On. 4. CI T CH NHN FAX: chn ch hot ng ca my Fax l nhn Fax t ng hay nhn Fax nhn cng ta chn bng cch n phm MANUAL. Khi n MANUAL sng th my ang ch nhn Fax nhn cng. Khi n ny tt th my ch nhn Fax t ng. 5. CI T S IN THOI VO B NH: a. Ghi nh bng phm nh: Bc1: Bt kho Memory v v tr OFF. M np che bn phm s. Bc2: n phm TEL REGISTRATION, mn hnh hin th: TEL REGISTRATION 1.1 - TOUCH SPD Bc3: n SET. Bc 4: y np che bn phm s. Sau n s nh cn ghi. V d n s 02 1 . 1 - TOUCH SPD 02 = Bc 5: M np che bn phm s. n s in thoi cn ghi bng cch n s t bn phm s. Bn c th ghi s di n 38 ch s. Nu bn ghi nhng s cch nhau th n phm SPACE. V d: s 0511 842521 1.1 - TOUCH SPD 02 = 0511842521

Bc 6: n SET.

DATA ENTRY OK

Bc 7: Ghi a ch, tn ca ch s hu s in thoi trn. V d: Phng o to

Trang 139

1.1 - TOUCH SPD NAME 02 = PHONG DAO TAO Bc8: n SET. NEED TO SET TX MODE ? YES = (CLEAR) NO = (SET) Bc 9: - Nu bn mun ghi tip s vo b nh th n SET v thc hin li t bc 5 My s t ng truyn vi tc 9600bits/s - Nu mun chn tc truyn th n CLEAR sau thc hin sang bc 10. - Nu bn mun kt thc vic ghi, thc hin sang bc 12. My Fax s t ng ci t tc truyn l 9600bits/s Bc10: n hai phm search ( ) chn tc truyn. Tt nht bn chn tc truyn l 9600bits/s. nu c vn trc trc g th my s t ng iu chnh tc truyn hp l nht. Nu ng dy bn xu th nn chn tc truyn 4800bits/s. Bc11: Bc12: Bc13: n SET. n STANDBY. y np che bn phm s v chuyn kho Memory v v tr On.

b. Ghi s bng m: Bc1: Bt kho Memory v v tr OFF. M np che bn phm s. Bc2: n phm TEL REGISTRATION, mn hnh hin th: TEL REGISTRATION 1.1 - TOUCH SPD Bc3: n hai phm Search n khi mn hnh hin th: TEL REGISTRATION 2. CODED DIAL

Trang 140

Bn c th n s 2 chn chc nng ny thay v s dng phm Search chn, th my s nhy sang bc tip. 2. CODED DIAL *00= Bc4: n SET Bc5: n * v 2 s mt m bn mun ghi. Bc6: n s in thoi cn ghi bng cch n s t bn phm s. Bn c th ghi s di n 38 ch s. Nu bn ghi nhng s cch nhau th n phm SPACE. Bc7: n SET. Bc8: Ghi a ch, tn ca ch hu s in thoi trn. Bc9: n SET. Bc10: - Nu bn mun ghi tip s vo b nh th n SET v thc hin li t bc 5. My s t ng truyn vi tc 9600bits/s - Nu mun chn tc truyn th n CLEAR sau thc hin sang bc 11. - Nu bn mun kt thc vic ghi, thc hin sang bc 13. My Fax s t ng ci t tc truyn l 9600bits/s Bc11: n hai phm search ( ) chn tc truyn. Tt nht bn chn tc truyn l 9600bits/s. nu c vn trc trc g th my s t ng iu chnh tc truyn hp l nht. Nu ng dy bn xu th nn chn tc truyn 4800bits/s. Bc12: n SET. Bc13: n STANDBY. Bc14: y np che bn phm s v chuyn kho Memory v v tr On. 6. IN BO CO(REPORT) SAU KHI FAX: Sau khi gi hoc nhn mt ti liu th my s t ng in ra bo co. Bn c th ci t cho in hoc khng in sau mi ln thc hin gi hoc nhn ti liu bng cc thao tc sau: Bc1: Bt kho Memory v v tr OFF. M np che bn phm s. Bc2: n phm USER SW. Mn hnh hin th :
Trang 141

USER SW TX REPORT

Bc3: n hai phm Saerch tm kim chc nng cn ci t. TX REPORT: in bo co khi truyn Fax xong. RX REPORT: in bo co khi nhn Fax xong. Bc4: n phm SET chn chc nng cn ci t. Bc5: n hai phm Saerch bt hoc tt ci t. Bc6: n phm SET lu tr ci t. Bc7: n STANDBY kt thc vic ghi v tr v ch ch. Bc8: y np che bn phm s v chuyn kho Memory v v tr On. MY FAX PANASONIC KX-F2581 BX 1. CC THAO TC C BN: a. Thc hin gi Fax: Bc1: t p bn Fax vo v tr n khi nghe ting Beep. Bc2: n SP Phone hoc nhc t hp. Bc3: n s in thoi cn gi Fax n. Bc4: Khi nghe c tn hiu chp nhn Fax hoc my i phng c ngi nhc t hp th xin tn hiu nhn Fax ta n Start/Copy/Set. Bc5: n SP Phone hoc t t hp xung. b. Thc hin nhn Fax nhn cng: Khi c chung bn nhc t hp hoc n SP Phone m thoi: nu khng nghe g c hoc nghe ting Beep trn tai th n Start/Copy/Set. v t t hp hoc n SP Phone. c. Thc hin Copy: Bc1: t p bn cn Copy vo v tr n khi nghe ting Beep. (S trang ti a l 15). Bc2: n Start/Copy/Set. 2. CI T NGY-GI: Bc1: n Menu. Bc2: n #, n 0, 1. Bc3: n Start/Copy/Set. SET DATE & TIME Bc 4: n thng/ngy/nm/gi/pht vi 2 s.
Trang 142

SYSTEM SET UP

Ngy : 01 31. Thng : 01 12. Nm Gi Pht : 00 99. : 01 12. : 00 59.

n * chn AM. n # chn PM.

Bc5: n Start/Copy/Set. Bc6: n Menu. 3. CI T H HIU CA MY FAX: (LOGO) a.Ci t h hiu. Bc1: n Menu. Bc2: n #, n 0, 2. Bc3: n Start/Copy/Set Bc 4: n h hiu di ti a 30 k t. n * dch tri. n # dch phi. n STOP xo k t trc con tr. Bc 5: n Start/Copy/Set. n Menu. b. Ci t s in thoi s dng cho my Fax: Bc1: n Menu. Bc2: n #, n 0, 3. YOUR TEL NO. Bc3: n Start/Copy/Set. No.= SYSTEM SET UP SYSTEM SET UP YOUR LOGO LOGO =

Bc4: n s in thoi di ti a 20 s.
Trang 143

 Khong trng: n #. Du +: n*. Bc5: n Start/Copy/Set. Bc6: n Menu. 4. CI T CH T NG NHN FAX: Bc1: n Menu. Bc2: n #, n 0, 5. Bc3: n Start/Copy/Set. Bc 4: n Bc6: n Menu. 5. CI T NHN FAX NHN CNG: Bc1: n Menu. Bc2: n #, n 0, 8 Bc3: n Start/Copy/Set. Bc4: n Bc6: n Menu. 6. CI T S HI CHUNG T NG KT NI NHN FAX: a. Ch FAX: Bc1: n Menu. Bc2: n #, n 0, 7. Bc3: n Start/Copy/Set. SYSTEM SET UP FAX RING [ ] SYSTEM SET UP MANUAL RECEIVE MODE=TEL [ ] chn chc nng MODE=FAX. Bc5: n Start/Copy/Set. SYSTEM SET UP AUTO RECEIVE MODE=FAX [ ]

chn chc nng MODE=TEL.

Bc5: n Start/Copy/Set.

RING=1
Trang 144

Bc4: n

hoc

chn s hi chung 1, 2, 3 hoc 4.

Bc5: n Start/Copy/Set. Bc6: n Menu. b. Ch TEL/FAX: Bc1: n Menu. Bc2: n #, n 0, 9. Bc3: n Start/Copy/Set. Bc4: n hoc SYSTEM SET UP TEL/FAX RING RING=1 [ ]

chn s hi chung 1, 2, 3 hoc 4.

Bc5: n Start/Copy/Set. Bc6: n Menu. 7. HN GI GI FAX: Bc1: t p bn Fax vo v tr. Bc2: n Menu Bc3: n #, n 2, 5. Bc4: n Start/Copy/Set. Bc5: n hoc SYSTEM SET UP DELAYED XTM MODE=OFF [ ]

chn chc nng MODE=ON. MODE=ON [ ]

Bc6: n Start/Copy/Set.

Bc7: n s in thoi cn gi Fax. (C th dng s t b nh). Bc8: n Start/Copy/Set Bc9: n gi pht gi Fax. Gi: 00-12. Pht 00-59. Gi bui sng: n * chn AM. Gi bui chiu: n # chn PM.
Trang 145

NO.= TIME=12:00 AM

Bc10: n START/COPY/SET. Bc11: n Menu. 8. CI T S IN THOI VO B NH: Bc1: n Menu 2 ln Bc2: -Ghi vo cc phm nh: n phm nh (V tr trn: Upper). n Lower, n phm nh (V tr di) -Ghi vo b nh t bn phm: (Speed dialing) n #.
n 2 s t bn phm (00 49).

STOR TEL N0

Bc3: n s in thoi. di ti a 30 ch s. Dng phm STOP xo s trc con tr. Bc4: n Start/Copy/Set. Bc5: n tn ngi s dng. ( di ti a 10 k t) Bc6: n Start/Copy/Set. Nu mun thc hin ghi tip th thc hin li t bc 2 n bc 6 Bc7: n STOP. 9. GI FAX BNG S IN THOI TRONG B NH: Bc1: t p bn Fax vo v tr. Bc2: - Dng cc phm nh: T 1-5: n phm nh c s Fax cn gi. T 6-10: n LOWER, sau n phm nh c s Fax cn gi. - Dng m: n DIRECTORY, ri n # v sau n 2 s (00-49). 2. LP T MY FAX: - t my ni thong mt, tin nghi cho ngi s dng, trnh di chuyn hoc nhng ni d va vng - Chuyn kha ngun my fax ph hp vi ngun in li s dng, u ni ngun in cp cho my fax - u ni dy line t tng i a ti, ch kim tra dy dng v m
Trang 146

- Bt cng tt ngun ca my fax - Lp giy in, ch hng dn mt trong np y cun giy - Th ch copy - Ci t logo cho my - Ci t ngy gi - Lu s fax thng dng vo nh 3. BO DNG MY FAX: - Thng xuyn lau chi bi bn - Kim tra giy in - y np che bn phm khi khng s dng - ng khay bn fax gc khi khng s dng - Khng c dng giy in khc loi trnh hng dao ct - In kim tra thng xuyn cc chc nng ci t gc III. HNG DN X L MT S HNG HC N GIN. Trong qu trnh s dng my FAX ta c th nhn c cc thng tin li, cn c cc thng tin chng ta cn tin hnh khc phc sa cha. C th nh sau: Trn mn hnh hin ln thng tin: CLEAN UP SCANNER. My bo b phn qut b bn, ta cn lm sch thnh trng & ming thu tinh pha di ca n. Trn mn hnh hin ln thng tin: COMMON ERROR. Cht lng ng truyn km, xc nh l li truyn thng , cn th li. Trn mn hnh hin ln thng tin: COVER OPEN. Np y cha ng cht hon ton. Trn mn hnh hin ln thng tin: CUTTER JAM. Giy FAX b n trong b phn ct, ta phi thc hin nh sau: Ngng cp ngun, m np my, tho n by trn u in v dng n ln, dng ke ct phn nhn ca giy, ko phn giy nhn ra pha sau, cp li ngun in cho my, t li giy FAX, ko n by xung, ng np y, cho my hot ng. Trn mn hnh hin ln thng tin: DISCONNECTED. My i phng khng c kt ni trong qu trnh FAX. Th gi li i phng. Trn mn hnh hin ln thng tin: DOCUMENT JAM. Ti liu khng c a vo hoc qu di, ta phi thc hin nh sau: M v my, ko ti liu v pha trc ca my, ng v my, cho my hot ng. Trn mn hnh hin ln thng tin: MACHINE XX
Trang 147

PRESS STOP KEY Trng hp ny my FAX b hng cn lin h vi ngi cung cp my hoc th sa chuyn nghip. Trn mn hnh hin ln thng tin: NO RESPONSE/BUYSY. S my gi n khng tr li hoc bn. Cng c th s my gi khng c kt ni n mt my FAX. Kim tra li s v gi li. Trn mn hnh hin ln thng tin: NOT REGITERED. Khi quay s bng cch gi nhanh hay quay s bng mt ln n phm m v tr ny trc cha ghi s thu bao b gi. Trn mn hnh hin ln thng tin: PAPER ROLL EMPTY. Ht giy nhn FAX cn lp cun giy khc vo. Trn mn hnh hin ln thng tin: PRINTER FAULT. u ghi qu nng, tm dng v ch 30 pht cho ngui, mi cho my lm vic tr li. Trn mn hnh hin ln thng tin: PRINTER JAM. giy b n trong b phn in, ta phi thc hin nh sau: Ngng cp ngun, m v y v nng ln, y n by v nng u in ln, dng ko ct b phn giy nhn, lp li giy, ko n by xung, ng v no y, cp ngun cho my hot ng. Trong qu trnh s dng my c th c mt s s c sau: - Ch in ra c dng b nn v c sc ngang, pha trn v di cc cu b ct mt. Nguyn nhn l do ng thng km cht lng, b nhiu trn ng truyn. Mun bit chc chn ta s dng my FAX copy th, nu copy tt th vn chc chn l ng truyn -Cc bn copy v nhn FAX u l cc t giy trng. Nguyn nhn l s dng khng ng loi giy FAX, hoc t ngc mt giy. - B phn pht s khng lm vic. Ta phi kim tra ch tone, thay i ch P/T ( xem phn ci t ), kim tra cc ng dy ni ng cha, kim tra dy ngun, gi th 1 bn FAX. - FAX khng tr li khi gi n. Ta kim tra my ng ch trong cm nang cha,( ch nhn do ci t c th l FAX ONLY, F/F hoc TAD ph hp cha - Khng c tone ln t hp> Ta nhn SPEAKER PHONE, nu vn khng c tone ta kin tra li y line v my FAX. - Khi nhn FAX c nhng ng en dc. Do b qut bn gi b bn, ngh bn gi copy th xc nh.
Trang 148

- Khi gi, copy thy c nhng ng en dc trn bn FAX. Do b qut b bn. M np y, dng cn, bng lau sch thanh cun trng v ming thu tinh pha di n. TI LIU THAM KHO K thut truyn thanh tp 1 Thit b u cui thng tin My in thoi n phm - NXB CN k thut 1981 - V c Th nm 1996 - TTTT Bu in 1997

Bi ging nguyn l tng i in t - TTTBCVT2 Tp ch Bu chnh vin thng 1993, 1999 Quy nh v lp t ng dy thu bao in thoi -Tng cng ty BCVT VN 1998 Service Manual and Technical Gui de Telephone Equipment KT-T 2315-2. Ti liu C s vi ba - NXB bu in nm 2003 Thit b u cui thng tin - NXB bu in nm 2003

Trang 149