B GIAO THNG VN TAI TRNG I HC GIAO THNG VN TI TP.

HCM KHOA IN-IN T VIN THNG

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AN MN HOC 1 TAI : MACH IU KHIN QUAT BNG REMOTE TV.

TP.HCM : 3/2012

B GIAO THNG VN TAI

TRNG I HC GIAO THNG VN TI TP.HCM KHOA IN-IN T VIN THNG

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AN MN HOC 1 Ch : Mach iu khin quat bng remote TV. GVHD : Ths. Ng Thi Lan Dung Sinh vin thc hin:
1. 2.

L Vit Tri - DV09 - 0951040071 Huynh Hu Tin - DV07 - 0751040064

TP.HCM : 3/2012

MC LC
I.Gii thiu v sng IR II. Tng quat v mach 1. S khi 2. Cac linh kin c s dung III. Mt s linh kin chnh trong mch 1.IC SM0038 2.IC NE555 3.IC 7490 4.IC 7447 5.IC 7404 6. IC 7442 IV.S nguyn ly va hoat ng cac khi V. S Layout 12 18 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 5 7 9 10

LI M U
Ngy nay cng ngh khoa hc k thut rt pht trin, khoa hc k thut c ng dng
trong hu ht cc lnh vc ca cuc sng. c bit l cng ngh in t v ang c ng dng nhiu vo trong cng nghip v i sng hang ngay. Trong cc nh my x nghip c cc mch m sn phm, mch thi gian, mch hin th, cc my chm cng s dng cng ngh k thut s. Trong thi i k thut s nh hin nay, khng ch cc h thng my tnh mi c trang b cc b phn x l thng minh ma chng ta hon ton c th thc hin vic thng minh ha cho cc thit b, vt dng xung quanh chng ta bng nhng mch in t n gin v thng dng. Tht thun tin khi chng ta c th iu khin hot ng ca qut bn, qut tng hoc qut trn bng 1 ci remote nh gn vi 1 khong cch c th ln n hn 5 mt. V c th hin th con s m qut ang hot ng. p dng cc kin thc c hc v mch in t nh in t tng t, in t s v.v... Nhm chng em nghin cu, thit k v hon thin b sn phm : Mach iu khin quat bng remote TV. Vi ti ny chng ti s dng cc IC NE555, SM0038, 7490, 7447,7442,7404v nhiu linh kin khc to thnh 1 mch hoan chinh. Sn phm sau khi hon thnh c th c lp rp trc tip vo qut hot ng thay cho b cng tc c thng thng .

Thng qua vic thc hin ti ny chng em hc c cch thc, phng php lm vic
nhm nh th no c hiu qu, cng c nhng kin thc c hc, bit vn dng nhng l thuyt vo thc t v iu hn ht l xc nh c nhng im khc bit gia l thuyt ( m phng ) v thc t. Thng qua hc hi c thm nhiu kinh nghim v in, in t.

V thi gian c hn v kin thc cn hn ch nn ti khng trnh khi nhng thiu xt,
chng ti rt mong nhn c cc kin ng gp ca thy c gio v cc bn c. Chng ti xin chn thnh cm n!

NI DUNG

I. Gii thiu v sng IR (Infrared) :

Tia hng ngoi l mt dng bc x nng lng vi tn s thp hn tn s m mt ngi c th nhn thy, v thm ch chng ta cng khng nghe c. Tia hng ngoi th khng nh hng ti sc khe con ngi, n c s dng rng ri trong lnh vc iu khin t xa (nhng ch theo 1 hng), ngoi ra cng c s dng trong qun s (nhn trong ban m). Tia cc tm th nh hng ti con ngi (c th gy ung th da), tuy nhin n cng c tc dng dit khun v kh trng c dng nhiu trong y hc. Mt ngi khng nhn thy c tia hng ngoi ln cc tm.

II. Tng quat v mach : 1.S khi :

Tn hiu hng ngoi Thu tn hiu hng ngoi v to xung Ngun nui cp ngun cho cc khi Hnh 1 : S khi cua mach. m xung Gii m BCD sang m 7 on, hin th Gii m BCD sang m thp phn, iu khin relay

2.Cac linh kin c s dung :

o Cac IC : SM0038,7490,7447,7442,7404,NE555.. o Led 7 on ( Anode chung ). o Relay JZC-23F (5 chn ,5A/220V, DC 12V). o Transistor C1815. o Diode 1N4007. o Led n,in tr,tu in o Connector (Domino, jack DC)

o Socket (8 chn, 10 chn, 14 chn, 16 chn)

III.Mt s linh kin chinh : 1.SM0038 ( thu tn hiu hng ngoi) :

Cu trc bn trong ca SM0038.

Hnh 2 : Cu trc bn trong ca SM0038.

o PIN l mt thu hng ngoi. o Input l khi lc tn hiu thu c. o AGC (Automatic Gain Control) l khi d v t ng iu chnh li ca

BandPass.
o BandPass khuych i tn hiu. o Demodulator gii iu ch thu li tn hiu ban u.

o Control Circuit mch iu khin nhn tn hiu t BandPass v tc ng n cc

khi AGC, Demodulator.

o Transistor lm vic nh 1 Switch v o pha tn hiu thu c.

P1 : GND P2 : VCC P3 : OUT

Hnh 3 : Hnh dng bn ngoi ca SM0038.

Mt s c im ca SM0038 :

o SM0038 c 3 chn nh hnh 3.

o SM0038 thu tn hiu hng ngoi tn s f = 38KHz. o SM0038 tch hp u thu hng ngoi, khuych i tn hiu v gii iu ch.
o Thu tn hiu hng ngoi cao tn ,cho ra chui xung o pha so vi tn hiu ban u.

o Tiu th cng sut thp. o Kh nng chng nhiu do nh sng xung quanh cao. o D liu lin tc c truyn ti v c th t tc 2400bps. o Ngun cung cp vo chn s 2 vi in p khong 5V, dng in khong 5mA.
o SM0038 a ra tn hiu vi in p khong 5V n 6V,dng in khong 5 mA. o Nhit c th chu c ln n 100oC. o Cng sut tiu th nhit nh hn 85oC l 50 mW.

2.IC555 ( dng to xung ) :

Hnh 4: Hnh dng bn ngoi va s chn ca IC555.

Mt s c im ca IC 555 :
o IC 555 thng c s dng vi chc nng nh gi (Timing), to dao ng. o ng dng vo vic to dao ng, nh gi, iu ch rng xung (PWM), to thi gian tr... o C th nh gi t n v mili giy cho n n v gi. o Lm vic 2 ch , a hi v n hi. o Hon ton c th thay i c chu k dao ng (a hi) v rng xung (n hi). o Ngun cung cp c in p trong khong t 4,5V n 18V.
o Ngun cung cp c dng trong khong t 3mA n 6mA khi in p ngun khong

5V,c dng trong khong 10mA n 15mA khi in p ngun nui khong 15V.
o Nhit c th chu ng trong khong -65oC n 150oC. o Nhit lm vic n nh trong khong 0oC n 70oC.

o St p li ra thp, gi tr ln nht khong 0,35V. o in p ngng (threshold) khong 0,67xVCC, dng in ngng khong 0,25A. o in p mc cao li ra khi VCC bng 5V khong 4V. in p mc cao li ra khi VCC bng 15V khong 11V. o in p cp cho chn reset khong 1V v dng in khong 0,4mA

o Khi VCC bng 5V th in p a v chn trigger khong 1,67 V v dng in khong 0.9A. Khi VCC bng 15V th in p a v chn trigger khong 5V v dng in khong 0,9A.

Cu trc bn trong ca IC 555.

S Q Q

Hnh 5 : Cu trc bn trong ca IC 555.

o 2 khi Comp (Compare) dng so snh mc in p. o F/F l 1 FlipFlop RS dng thay i trng thi khi nhn c tn hiu t 2 khi Comp. o OutPut State l 1 ca o, n o mc in p trc khi a ra.

o Vref c gi mc in p 1,4V.

3. IC 7490 ( m xung clock ):

Hnh 6 : Hnh dng bn ngoi va s chn ca IC 7490.

Mt s c im ca IC 7490 :
o L IC m thng c dng trong cc mch s ng dng m 10 hoc mch chia tn s.
o IC 7490 c 14 chn s cc chn th hin nh trong hnh 6. o 7490 bao gm4 Flip-Flop cung cp b m gm hai Mod m c lp: Modulo 2

v Modulo 5. o IC 7490 l 1 mch m khng ng b.

o Nh hnh 6, Flip Flop A thc hin m Modulo 2, Flip Flop B, C, D thc hin m

Mod 5. o Ngun cung cp vi in p trong khong 4,75V n 7V. o in p ca xung hiu a vo ti thiu l 2V v ti a khong 5,5V. o in p ngng xc nh mc thp v mc cao l 0,8V. o Dng in ti a khi li ra mc cao khong -0,8mA. o Dng in ti a khi li ra mc thp khong 16mA. o Tn s xung ln nht a vo chn 14 khong 32KHz. o Tn s xung ln nht a vo chn 1 khong 16KHz. o rng xung nh nht a vo chn 14 khong 15ns. o rng xung nh nht a vo chn 1 khong 30ns.

o rng xung nh nht a vo chn reset khong 15ns. o Thi gian reset nh nht khong 25ns.
o Nhit c th chu ng khong -65oC n 150oC. o Nhit lm vic n nh trong khong 0oC n 70oC.

Cu trc bn trong ca IC 7490 :

Hnh 8: S chn ca IC 7490.

Hnh 7 : Cu trc bn trong ca IC 7490.

Cch cu hnh cc chn iu khin cho IC 7490 lm vic :

Hnh 8: Cch cu hnh cc chn iu khin cho IC 7490 lm vic.

4. IC 7447 ( dng gii m BCD 8421 sang m led 7 on ) :

Hnh 9 : Hnh dng bn ngoi va s chn ca IC 7447.

Mt s c im ca IC 7447 :

o IC 7447 c 16 chn nh hnh 9.

o N dng gii m t m BCD 8421 sang m led 7 on. o u vo c 4 chn tng ng vi ABCD l cc bit ca m BCD 8421, u ra c 7 chn tng ng vi abcdefg l cc bit ca m 7 on. o Li ra c dng cc thu h. o Ngun cung cp c in p nm trong khong 4,47V n 7V. o Ngun cung cp c dng in ti a khong 13mA. o in p ca tn hiu li vo nm trong khong 2V n 7V. o in p ngng xc nh mc thp v mc cao l 0,8V. o Dng in ti a khi li ra mc cao khong -250A. o Dng in ti a khi li ra mc thp khong 24A.
o Nhit c th chu ng khong -65oC n 150oC.

Cu trc bn trong ca IC 7447 :

Hnh 10 : Cu trc bn trong ca IC 7447.

Bng s tht gii m BCD 8421 sang m 7 on :

BCD U VO TN HIU U RA
LED

D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

C 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0

B 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0

A 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

a 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0

b 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0

c 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

d 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1

e 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1

f 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0

g 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Hnh 11: Bng s tht gii m BCD 8421 sang m 7 on.

5 . IC 7404 ( o trng thi tn hiu ) :

Hnh 12: Hinh dang bn ngoai va s chn ca IC 7404. Mt s c im ca IC 7404. o

o o

L IC 7404 c dng trong cc mch s ng dng o trng thi tn hiu. IC 7404 c 14 chn nh trn hnh 12. Cu to bn trong ca IC 7404 cha 6 cng logic NOT nh hnh 13. Ngun cung cp vi in p trong khong 4,75 V n 5.25 V. in p a vo mc cao l 2 V, in p a vo mc thp l 0.8 V. Dng in li ra mc cao khong -0,4 mA.

o o o

o
o o

Dng in li ra mc thp khong 16 mA. Nhit lm vic n nh trong khong 0oC n 70oC. Nhit c th chu ng khong -65oC n 150oC. Cu trc bn trong ca IC 7404:

Hnh 13: Cu trc bn trong ca sang m 6. IC 7442 (dng gii m BCD 8421IC 7404. thp phn) : Hinh dang bn ngoai va s cac chn cua IC 7442 :

Hnh 14 : Hnh dng bn ngoi va s chn ca IC 7442.

Cu truc bn trong cua IC 7442 :

Hnh 15: Cu trc bn trong ca IC 7442. Mt s c im ca IC 7442 :

o o

IC 7442 dng gii m t BCD 8421 sang m thp phn. IC 7442 c 16 chn nh hnh 14.

o Cc ng ra ca 7442 tc ng mc thp. o C 4 ng vo nn s c 16 trng thi logic ng ra. y ch s dng 10 trng thi logic u, 6 trng thi sau khng dng.
o o

Cng sut tiu th khong 140 mW. Ngun cung cp vi in p khong 4,75V 7V.

o Dng in ti a khi li ra mc cao khong -0,8mA.

o Dng in ti a khi li ra mc thp khong 16mA. o in p ti a khi ng vo mc thp khong 0,8V. o in p ti thiu khi ng vo mc cao khong 2V.
o o

Nhit lm vic n nh trong khong 0oC n 70oC.

Nhit c th chu ng khong -65oC n 150oC.

Bng s tht gii m BCD 8421 sang m thp phn :

V. S nguyn ly va hoat ng cac khi : 1. S nguyn ly :

Hnh 16: Bng s tht gii m BCD 8421 sang m thp phn.

Khi thu tn hiu hng ngoi v to xung Khi m v gii m BCD sang m 7 on, hin th

Khi gii m v iu khin relay

Khi ngun cung cp

Hnh 17 : S mch nguyn l.

2.Hot ng ca mch :
2.1 Khi thu hng ngoi v to xung.

Hnh 18 : Khi thu tn hiu hng ngoi v to xung. Hot ng : Nu chng ta ng trong 1 phm vi cch mch iu khin khong 3 n 6 mt v nhn bt k 1 phm no ca remote. Khi SM0038 s thu c tn hiu hng

ngoi cao tn (khong 38KHz). li ra ca SM0038 s cho 1 chui xung, chnh l tn hiu s m trc remote iu ch thnh tn hiu cao tn pht i. Chui xung s c a vo chn s 2 ca IC 555 ( IC 555 hot ng ch n hi ). Nhng xung ca chui xung ny c vai tr l xung kch cho mch dao ng n hi. rng xung li ra ca mch n hi (chn s 3) c xc nh theo gi tr ca in tr R3 v t in C1. C th y rng ca xung l = 1,1.R3C1 = 1,1.15.103.22.10-6 = 0,37 s. n led D6 hin th xung c to ra bi mch dao ng n hi. in tr R1, R2 dng lm cu phn p cho chn s 2 ca IC 555. Transistor C1815 v in tr R5, R6 c tc dng nh 1 ca o tn hiu. 2.2 Khi m xung :

Hnh 19 : Khi m xung s dng IC 7490.

Hot ng : Khi m xung c nhim v m xung hiu do khi dao ng n hi to ra. Chng ta s ni cc chn reset ca 7490 sao cho 7490 m t 0 n 3 sau reset v 0 tng ng vi 4 s ca qut (s 0, s 1, s 2, s 3). Cn c vo hnh 8 ni cc chn reset cho hp l. y chng ta s ni chn s 2,3 vi chn s 8, chn s 6 ni t, chn s 7 trng. Nh vy 7490 m t 0 n 3 sau chn s 8 ln cao tng ng vi s 4 (0100) th mc cao ny dng reset v 0.

2.3 Gii m BCD sang m 7 on, hin th.

Hnh 20 : Gii m BCD sang m 7 on, hin th. Hot ng : IC 7447 nhn tn hiu l m BCD t IC m 7490 v tin hnh gii m sang m 7 on a ra led 7 don hin th. Mun IC 7447 hot ng th chng ta ni cc chn iu khin (chn 3,4,5) ln ngun. 2.4 Khi ngun cung cp :

Hnh 21 : Khi ngun cung cp. Hot ng :

Ngun 220 c a vo ni chung vi chn s 3 ca relay v chn s 2 ca domino to nn 3 cng tc ng in 220V. T 102 lc nhiu cao tn.

Ngun 12V a vo cp cho relay v c a qua LM7805 n p thnh in p 5V sau cp cho cc linh kin trong mch. T C4, C5 dung lc nhiu. 2.5 Gii m BCD sang m thp phn, iu khin relay, ngun nui.

Hnh 21 : Gii m BCD sang m thp phn, iu khin relay, ngun nui. Hot ng : IC 7442 c nhim v nhn m BCD t IC 7490 v gii m sang m thp phn. a qua IC 7404 o trng thi tn hiu v li ra ca IC 7442 tc ng mc thp. Tn hiu s c o trng thi sau khi qua IC 7404.V lm xung kch cho transistor c1815 dn ng relay lm qut quay (nu tn hiu l mc 1). Khi transistor dn s c dng chy qua cun dy ca relay lm cho chn 3 v chn 4 ca relay ni vi nhau. Chng ta dng domino kt ni ra qut khi relay ng tc l mnh ng cng tc v lm qut chy theo s tng ng. Cc t 102 dng kh nhiu do cun dy ca qut to ra trnh nh hng ti mch.

VI. S Layout : (em se b sung sau)