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MSSV:1090915
LI CAM OAN
Ngy nay vi s pht trin mnh m ca khoa hc k thut gip con
ngi chng ta rt nhiu. Vi vic thit k cc h thng t ng s gip t con
ngi nhiu hn trong cng vic hng ngy. V vy em chn ti ny
lm nin lun cho mnh.
Trong qu trnh thc hin ti, c th cn nhiu thiu st do kin thc
hn ch nhng nhng ni dung trnh by trong quyn bo co ny l nhng
hiu bit v thnh qu ca em t c di s gip ca ging vin hng
dn l thy Dng Thi Bnh.
Em xin cam oan rng: nhng ni dung trnh by trong quyn bo co
nin lun ny khng phi l bn sao chp t bt k cng trnh c trc no.
Nu khng ng s tht, em xin chu mi trch nhim trc nh trng.
Cn Th, ngy 11 thng 11 nm 2011
Sinh vin thc hin
ng V Minh Dng
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Nin Lun 1: Kho st ng dng module cm bin PIR SV: NG V MINH DNG
MSSV:1090915
MC LC
CHNG 1: ............................................................................................................................................. 3
TNG QUAN ............................................................................................................................................ 3
1. T VN TI ........................................................................................................................ 3
2. MC CH V HNG GII QUYT ....................................................................................... 3
2.1 Mc ch .....................................................................................................................3
2.2 Hng gii quyt......................................................................................................3
CHNG 2: ............................................................................................................................................. 4
C S L THUYT ................................................................................................................................ 4
1. TM HIU CU TO CA MODULE CM BIN PIR............................................................... 4
1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
1.4.
1.5.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
3. KT QU T C ............................................................................................................... 20
KT LUN V NGH ....................................................................................................................... 21
1. KT LUN .................................................................................................................................. 21
2. NGH...................................................................................................................................... 21
PH LC A: RELAY.............................................................................................................................. 22
TI LIU THAM KHO ......................................................................................................................... 23
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MSSV:1090915
CHNG 1:
TNG QUAN
1. T VN TI
Cuc sng ca chng ta tn ti cng lc vi nhiu thc th vt l, nhng th
chng ta nhn bit c nh l cc vn ng c hc, tc dng ca nhit, ca nh
sng, ca m thanh, mi v,.... Nhm mc ch gip con ngi nhn bit r hn cc
vn ng trn cng nh nghin cu ra cc thit b gip ch cho con ngi trong
cuc sng, ngi ta nghin cu ra cc loi cm bin (Sensor). Cm bin (Sensor)
l thit b in t cm nhn nhng thay i t mi trng bn ngoi v bin i
thnh cc tn hiu in iu khin cc thit b khc. Ngy nay c rt nhiu loi
cm bin (Sensor) c to ra, nh cm bin nh sng, cm bin nhit , cm
bin siu m, cm bin hng ngoi,.... Trong nin lun ny s kho st v tm hiu
loi sensor dng pht hin cc vt th nng c chuyn ng ngang, quen gi l PIR
motion detector.
Yu cu t ra: nghin cu kho st v tm hiu cc ng dng ca module cm
bin PIR.
2. MC CH V HNG GII QUYT
2.1 Mc ch
Vic nghin cu v kho st ng dng ca Module PIR s gip chng ta to ra
cc ng dng ca n vo cuc sng hng ngy, nhm gip ch cho con ngi! Vi
module cm bin PIR chng ta s to thnh cc cng tc t ng thng minh, gip
t ng ha cc thit b gia nh v c th xy dng cc h thng thng minh hu
ch.
2.2 Hng gii quyt
Tm hiu v cu to v cng dng ca module cm bin PIR, xy dng cc mch
in ng dng s dng cng vi module cm bin PIR.
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MSSV:1090915
CHNG 2:
C S L THUYT
1. TM HIU CU TO CA MODULE CM BIN PIR
1.1. Tm hiu v cm bin PIR
PIR l vit tt ca ch Passive InfraRed sensor (PIR sensor), tc l b cm bin
th ng dng ngun kch thch l tia hng ngoi . Tia hng ngoi (IR) chnh l cc
tia nhit pht ra t cc vt th c nhit . Trong cc c th sng nh con ngi
chng ta lun c thn nhit (thng thng l 37 C), v t c th chng ta s
lun pht ra cc tia nhit, hay cn gi l cc tia hng ngoi, ngi ta s dng mt t
bo in chuyn i tia nhit ra dng tn hiu in v nh m c th lm ra
cm bin pht hin cc vt th nng ang chuyn ng. Cm bin ny gi l th
ng v n khng dng ngun nhit t pht (lm ngun tch cc, hay ch ng) m
ch ph thuc vo cc ngun nhit pht ra t bn ngoi, l thn nhit ca cc
thc th khc, nh con ngi, con vt...
Hnh 1
1.2.
Cu to ca cm bin PIR
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MSSV:1090915
Hnh 2
Mi vt th u c cu to t cc phn t nh li ti, nhit l mt dng nng
lng to ra t cc xao ng ca cc phn t, l cc chuyn ng hn lon,
khng trt t. T cc xao ng ny, n pht ra cc tia nhit, bng cm gic thng
thng ca gic quan, con ngi chng ta ni l sc nng. mi ngi ngun
thn nhit thng n nh mc 37 C, l ngun nhit m ai cng c v nu
dng linh kin cm ng thn nhit, chng ta s c thit b pht hin ra cc vt th
pht ra tia nhit, chnh l tng m ngi ta ch ra thit b motion detector,
iu khin theo ngun thn nhit chuyn ng.
Da vo tng trn ngi ta dng vt liu pyroelectric lm cm bin d tia
nhit, ngi ta kp vt liu pyroelectric gia 2 bn cc, khi c tc kch ca cc tia
nhit, trn hai 2 bn cc s xut hiu tn hiu in v dng tn hiu in ny to
ra cc ng dng, do tn hiu yu nn cn mch khuch i tn hiu. (Hnh 3)
Hnh 3
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MSSV:1090915
Hnh 4
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MSSV:1090915
1.3.
Hnh 5
Hnh 6
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MSSV:1090915
1.4.
Hnh 7
Hnh 8
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MSSV:1090915
Hnh 9
Hnh 10
Hnh 11
GVHD: DNG THI BNH
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MSSV:1090915
Hnh 12
Hinh 13
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MSSV:1090915
Hnh 14
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Hnh 15
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Hnh 16
Hnh 17
Hnh 18
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Hnh 19
2.3.
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Hnh 20
3. MCH IN NG DNG VI CM BIN PIR
Module cm bin PIR n hot ng ging nh mt cm bin PIR v ch c 1
ng ra output thi v th chng ta cn ghp ni vi cc thit b khc mi c th
iu khin cc thit b hot ng. Di y s gii thiu mt s linh kin v
cch ghp ni.
3.1. Ghp ni module cm bin PIR vi relay
Di y l mch nguyn l v cch ghp ni vi relay Hnh 22, Hnh 23, Hnh
24. Cc mch ny hot ng da trn s bt tt ca relay, khi tn hiu ca module
PIR l mc1 th lc relay hot ng, khi tn hiu l mc 0 th relay ngng hot
ng. t relay chng ta s mc vi cc thit b khc iu khin hot ng.
Phng php ny dng iu khin cc thit b nh n v chung bo ng.
Hnh 22
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Hnh 23
3.2. Ghp ni module cm bin PIR vi transistor
Cc mch ny hot ng da trn s phn cc bo ha ca transistor, lc ny
transistor ng vai tr nh 1 cng tc ng m. Hnh 24, Hnh 25
Hnh 24
Hnh 25
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MSSV:1090915
3.3.
Ghp ni vi cc h vi iu khin
Hnh 26
Hnh 27
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MSSV:1090915
4. MT S YU CU KHI S DNG
Khi s dng module cm bin PIR, cn lu mt s c im sau:
- Phi xem mi trng hot ng ca cm bin c nm trong gii hn nhit cho
php khng. V ngoi khong gii hn c th lm h cm bin.
- Phi xem ngun s dng c ng nh gii hn ca nh sn xut khng, nu vt
qu cng c th lm hng cm bin.
- Ngoi ra xem cc thit b ghp ni chung vi module cm bin PIR c th p ng
kp khng.
Tm li khi dng module PIR th nn xem cc thng s k thut ca nh sn sut.
CHNG 3:
NI DUNG V KT QU NGHIN CU
Mch Relay
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Mch BJT
H thng bao gm 3 phn: module cm bin PIR, mch cng tt BJT, h thng
qut dn dng. H thng hot ng da trn nguyn l phn cc cho BJT, BJT s
hot ng trong trng thi bo ha ging nh 1 cng tc, ta s s dng nguyn tc
hot ng ny iu khin qut t ng ng m, trnh s lng ph khi trong
mt cn phng c t ngi nhng tt c cc qut u m. Qut ch c m khi c
ngi ang hot ng trong phng ti v tr qut c lp m thi. Trnh c vic
phi iu khin bng tay khi mt h thng cng tc dy t kh m xc nh c
v tr.
M rng thm chng ta s kit hp cm bin vi vi x l to ra h thng
hon chnh v tin ch hn.
2.3 H thng camera quan st t ng
Module cm bin PIR
H thng iu khin
Camera k thut s
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MSSV:1090915
Mch Relay
Chung bo ng
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KT LUN V NGH
1. KT LUN
Sau khong thi gian nghin cu , tm hiu v thit k, vi s hng dn ca
thy Dng Thi Bnh , n nay nin lun ca em c hon thnh. Ni dung
ca nin lun nu ln c nhng vn chnh sau:
- Gii thiu chung v cm bin PIR v module cm bin PIR
- Cc nguyn tc hot ng ca module v cc mch in ng dng ca module.
- Thit k c cc h thng t ng thng minh gip ch cho cuc sng hng
ngy ca con ngi.
Mc d bn thn em ht sc c gng, nhng do trnh kin thc cn hn
ch, nn nin lun vn khng trnh khi sai st. V vy em xin tip thu kin ng
gp v ch bo ca cc thy c nin lun ny c hon thin hn.
2. NGH
Dng vi x l kt ni iu khin module cm bin to ra cc ng dng hiu
qu, n nh, chnh xc hn.
Nn xy dng cc h thng ng dng ca module cm bin p dng vo thc
t, nn kt hp vi nhiu loi cm bin khc to thnh cc h thng t ng
thng minh trong cc ngi nh thi hin i ny.
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Nin Lun 1: Kho st ng dng module cm bin PIR SV: NG V MINH DNG
MSSV:1090915
PH LC A: RELAY
Relay l loi linh kin ng ngt in c n gin. N gm 2 phn chnh l nam
chm in v cc tip im.
Cu to relay ht sc n gin, gm 4 b phn sau y:
Nam chm in.
Li st.
L xo.
Cc tip im.
y l hnh nh thc t ca relay ( hnh 31) :
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