AP DUNG PHNG PHAP SAI PHAN HU HAN TREN MIEN THI

GIAN (FDTD) E MO PHONG SONG IEN T

3.1 Nhng khai niem s dung trong phng phap FDTD:
3.1.1 He thong cac ai l ng chua n Gauss:
Trong cac phng trnh Maxwell, thay v khao sat tren cac a i lng E hay
D, ta lai khao sat tren cac ai lng thay the E va D nh sau :
E = E
0
0

c
(3.1a)
D = D
0
0

c
(3.1b)
Muc ch cua viec nay la tao thuan li cho viec thiet lap cac cong thc tnh
toan cung nh n gian hoa chung v luc nay E (hay D) va H cung cap ve bien o
dao ong [5].
3.1.2 ieu kien bien:
ieu kien bien la mot phan khong the thieu trong phng phap sai phan. e
n gian, ngi ta s dung ieu kien bien hap thu tuyet oi (ABCs) e ngan chan
s phan xa gia tao song ien t ngc tr lai khong gian ang khao sat trong qua
trnh mo phong. Tuy nhien, e at c s hieu qua va tnh linh hoat trong qua
trnh mo phong oi vi s lan truyen song ien t trong khong gian t hai chieu tr
len, ngi ta a phat trien ieu kien bien ABCs thanh ieu kien lp tng thch
hoan toan (PML) cho cac bien [5].
3.1.3 He phng trnh Maxwell:
Trong khong gian t do:
xH
t
E
V =
c
c
0
1
c
(3.2a)

xE
t
H
V =
c
c
0
1

(3.2b)
Trong o:
z y x
z y x
A A A
z y x
i i i
A rot A x
c
c
c
c
c
c
= = V


(3.2c)
Trong chat ien moi khong t tnh :
xH
t
D
V =
c
c
0
1
c
(3.3a)
xE
t
H
V =
c
c
0
1

(3.3b)
3.2 Mo phong song ie n t mo t chieu truye n trong khong gian theo thi gian
bang phng phap FDTD:
Nhac la i he phng trnh Maxwell ap dung cho khong gian t do:
xH
t
E
V =
c
c
0
1
c
(3.2a)
xE
t
H
V =
c
c
0
1

(3.2b)
Tong quat, E va H la cac vector 3 chieu nh sau:
z z y y x x
i E i E i E E + + =
z z y y x x
i H i H i H H + + =
V ta ang khao sat tren mot chieu nen vector E ch ton tai thanh phan E
x
va
vector H ch ton tai thanh phan H
y
.
He phng trnh Maxwell (3.2) tr thanh:

z
H
t
E
y
x
c
c
=
c
c
0
1
c

z
E
t
H
x
y
c
c
=
c
c
0
1

Ap dung s xap x sai phan trung tam cho ca vi phan thi gian va vi phan
rieng phan, ta c:
E
x
(t+1/2,k) = E
x
(t1/2,k)
x
t
A
A
0
c
[H
y
(t,k+1/2) H
y
(t,k1/2)] (3.4a)
H
y
(t+1,k+1/2) = H
y
(t,k+1/2)
x
t
A
A
0

[E
x
(t+1/2,k+1) E
x
(t+1/2,k)] (3.4b)
Trong cac cong thc tren, ta thay x z A = A e tien cho viec tnh toan.
Nh a noi phan trc E
x
va H
y
khong cung tam ve bien o giao ong, do
o ta thay
E
x
bang E = E
0
0

c
e c hai phng trnh sau:
E
x
(t+1/2,k) = E
x
(t1/2,k)
x
t
A
A
0 0
c
[H
y
(t,k+1/2) H
y
(t,k1/2)] (3.5a)
H
y
(t+1,k+1/2) = H
y
(t,k+1/2)
x
t
A
A
0 0
c
[E
x
(t+1/2,k+1) E
x
(t+1/2,k)] (3.5b)























Hnh3.1: Mo hnh tnh toan cac gia tr E
x
, H
y
trong phng phap FDTD
Hnh 2.1 Li sai phan mot
chieu
Hnh 2.2 Song mot chieu trong khong
gian

e am bao ieu kien on nh cua phng phap FDTD, ta phai chon bc
thi gian lay mau theo ieu kien sau:
0
c n
x
t
A
s A vi n = 1;2;3 la so chieu khong
gian cua mo phong va c
0
= 3x10
8
(m/s) chnh la toc o anh sang trong moi trng t
do [5].
e thuan li ngi ta thng chon
0
2c
x
t
A
= A .
Nh vay, ta thu c:
2
1 2 1
0
0
0
0
=
A
A
=
A
A
x
c
x
c
x
t
c

He phng trnh (3.5) c viet lai:
E
x
(t+1/2,k) = E
x
(t-1/2,k) 0.5[H
y
(t,k+1/2) H
y
(t,k-1/2)] (3.6a)
H
y
(t+1,k+1/2) = H
y
(t,k+1/2) 0.5[E
x
(t+1/2,k+1) E
x
(t+1/2,k)] (3.6b)
V trong lap trnh khong the dung cac ch so t+1/2, k+1/2 nen ta phai viet lai
he phng trnh tren:
E
x
(t+1,k+1) = E
x
(t,k+1) 0.5[H
y
(t,k+1) H
y
(t,k)] (3.6c)
H
y
(t+1,k) = H
y
(t,k) 0.5[E
x
(t+1,k+1) E
x
(t+1,k)] (3.6d)
( k =1:ke-1 )
e mo ta nguon song co bien o la ham theo thi gian f(t) at tai mot v tr
k=kc trong khong gian mo phong, sau moi lan tnh E
x
, ta lai gan:
E
x
(t+1,kc) = E
x
(t+1,kc) + f(t+1) (3.6e)
Nh vay, ta co the tnh c gia tr E
x
va H
y
tai moi thi iem da vao cac
gia tr cua chung thi iem ngay trc o nh vao he phng trnh (3.6). Van e
con lai la ta can phai tnh c hai gia tr bien E
x
(t+1, 1) va H
y
(t+1, ke).

3.2.1 Mo phong song ien t trong khong gian t do vi ieu kien bie n
hap thu tuyet oi:
Trong khong gian t do, van toc song ien t bang van toc anh sang
v
0
=3x10
8
m/s. Trong qua trnh mo phong, do ta chon
0
2c
x
t
A
= A nen thi gian e song
ien t i het 1 khoang x A la t
dx
= 2 t A . T c s nay ta se co:
E
x
(t+1,1) = E
x
(t-1,2) (3.7a)
H
y
(t+1,ke) = H
y
(t-1,ke-1). (3.7b)
3.2.2 Mo phong song ie n t trong moi tr ng ien moi ly tng:
Mot moi trng ien moi ly tng c ac trng bi he so
r
c goi la o tham
ien tng oi cua moi trng o.
He phng trnh Maxwell viet cho mot moi trng ien moi ly tng nh
vay la:
xH
t
E
r
V =
c
c
0
1
c c
(3.8a)
xE
t
H
V =
c
c
0
1

(3.8b)
T ay ta c:
z
H
t
E
y
r
x
c
c
=
c
c
0
1
c c
(3.9a)
z
E
t
H
x
y
c
c
=
c
c
0
1

(3.9b)
Trong moi trng chat ien moi, van toc song ien t giam i
r
c
v
c
0
0
= , nen
song ien t i c 1 khoang x A can mot thi gian t
dx
= 2 t
r
A c , do o ieu kien
bien ABCs co s thay oi nh sau:
E
x
(t+1,1) = E
x
(t-1,2) (3.10a)

H
y
(t+1,ke) = H
y
(t+1-m,ke-1) (3.10b)
Vi m la so nguyen gan so
r
c 2
Hoan toan tng t nh phan trc, ta ch can thay oi nh sau:
E
x
(t+1,k+1) = E
x
(t,k+1)
) (
5 . 0
k c
[H
y
(t,k+1) H
y
(t,k)] (3.11a)
H
y
(t+1,k) = H
y
(t,k) 0.5[E
x
(t+1,k+1) E
x
(t+1,k)] (3.11b)
( k=1: ie-1 )
Trong o, c(k) chnh la o tham ien t oi cua moi trng tai v tr k (bang 1
moi trng t do va
r
c chat ien moi).
3.2.3 Mo phong song ie n t trong moi tr ng ien moi co ton hao:
Khi e cap en moi trng ien moi co ton hao ngi ta se ngh en hai he
so:
r
c (o tham ien tng oi) va o (o dan ien).
He phng trnh Maxwell viet cho moi trng nay tr thanh:
) (
1
0
J xH
t
E
r
V =
c
c
c c
(3.12a)
xE
t
H
V =
c
c
0
1

(3.12b)
Trong o J = o E goi la mat o dong ien (A/m
2
)
Phng trnh (3.12b) hoan toan khong thay oi so vi phan trc, nen ay
ta ch e cap en phng trnh (3.12a).
Phng trnh (3.12a) tr thanh:
) (
1
0
E xH
t
E
r
o
c c
V =
c
c
(3.13)
Phng trnh (3.13) viet ve dang 1 chieu la:

) (
1
0
x
y
r
x
E
z
H
t
E
o
c c

c
c
=
c
c
(3.14)
Thay the s xap x sai phan cho ca vi phan thi gian va rieng phan trong
phng trnh (3.14) va bien oi, ta c:
E
x
(t+1/2,k) =
0
0
2
1
2
1
c c
o
c c
o
r
r
t
t
A
+
A

E
x
(t-1/2,k)+
x
t
t
r
r
A
A
A
+
0
0
2
1
1
c c
c c
o
[H
y
(t,k-1/2)-H
y
(t,k+1/2)] (3.15)
Thay E
x
=
x
E
0
0

c
vao phng trnh (3.15), ta c:
E
x
(t+1/2,k) =
0
0
2
1
2
1
c c
o
c c
o
r
r
t
t
A
+
A

E
x
(t-1/2,k) +
0
2
1
2 / 1
c c
o
r
t A
+
[H
y
(t,k-1/2) H
y
(t,k+1/2)] (3.16)
Nh vay, ta co the tnh c cac gia tr E
x
va H
y
ta i cac v tr theo thi gian
nh hai phng trnh (3.16), (3.11b) va tai hai bien nh he phng trnh (3.10).
3.2.4 Chng trnh Matlab mo phong so ng ien t mo t chieu trong moi
trng ie n moi co ton hao:
%******************************************************************
function[ex,hy] = hamfdtd1dc5(ke,N,kstr,eps,sig)
%Khoi tao tri ban dau
ex = zeros(N,ke); hy = ex;
%Nhap thong so xung dang sin
freq = 800e6;
%Xac dinh kich thuoc buoc tinh
dx = 0.01; dt = dx/(2*3e8);
%Do tham dien ty doi

c = ones(1,ke); eps = 4; m = sqrt(4*eps);
for i = kstr:ke, c(i) = eps; end
%Xac dinh he so phu
eps0 = 1/(4*pi*9e9); r = zeros(1,ke);
for i=kstr:ke, r(i) = dt*sig/(2*eps*eps0); end
%Tinh
for t=1:N-1,
for i = 2:ke,
ex(t+1,i) = (1-r(i))/(1+r(i))*ex(t,i)+0.5/(c(i)*(1+r(i)))*(hy(t,i-1)-hy(t,i));
end
sinpulse = sin(2*pi*freq*t*dt);
ex(t+1,5) = ex(t+1,5)+sinpulse;
if t>1, ex(t+1,1) = ex(t-1,2); end %Dieu kien bien trai
for i = 1:ke-1,
hy(t+1,i) = hy(t,i)+0.5*(ex(t+1,i)-ex(t+1,i+1));
end
if t>n-1, hy(t+1,ke)= hy(t+1-m,ke-1); end %Dieu kien bien phai
end
%******************************************************************
3.2.5 Cac ket qua thu c:
a) Song ien t mot chieu lan truyen t moi trng t do sang moi trng ien
moi ly tng:
- Dang nguon song: dang sin; - V tr nguon song: tai v tr k = 5

- Ni tiep giap gia hai moi trng: tai v tr k = 100
Hnh 3.2: Song ien t 1D truyen t moi trng t do sang moi trng ien moi ly
tng
b) Song ien t mot chieu lan truye n t moi trng t do sang moi trng ien
moi co ton hao: - Dang nguon song: dang sin; - V tr nguon song: tai v tr k = 5
- Ni tiep giap gia hai moi trng: tai v tr k = 100

Hnh 3.3: Song ien t 1D truyen t moi trng t do sang moi trng ien co ton
hao
3.3 Mo phong song ie n t hai chieu truyen trong khong gian theo thi gian
theo phng phap FDTD:
3.3.1 Mo phong so ng ien t 2 chieu pha t ra t mot nguon iem trong
khong gian khi cha quan tam en ie u kien bien:
Song ien t 2D co the chia lam hai dang (tao thanh t 3 vect trng) nh
sau: - Che o t ngang (TM), bao gom vect E
z
, H
x
, H
y

- Che o ien ngang (EM), bao gom cac vect E
x
, E
y
, H
z


Trong phan nay, ta ch khao sat che o TM.
Hnh 3.4: V tr E
z
, H
x
, H
y
trong mo hnh song ien t 2 chieu dang TM
He phng trnh Maxwell c rut gon lai vi cac ai lng chuan nh sau:
x
E
t
H
y
E
t
H
E Dz
y
H
x
H
t
D
z
y
z x
z r
x
y
c
c
=
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
=
c
c

c
c
=
c
c
0 0
0 0
*
0 0
1
1
) (
) (
1
c
c
c e
c
(3.17)
Chia cac truc toa o x,y va thanh cac oan nho thoa
je
y
ie
x
y x
f f
= = A = A va
truc thi gian thanh cac oan
N
t
t
f
= A . Ta nhan c mot li sai phan 3 chieu ma
toa o cua moi nut li lan lt cha trong 3 vect x = [0: ie]*Ax, y = [0: je]*Ay,
t= [0: N]*At.

Thay cac vi phan rieng phan va vi phan thi gian trong he phng trnh
(3.17) bang cac ty sai phan hu han, ta c nh sau:
)] , 2 / 1 , ( ) , 2 / 1 , (
)... , , 2 / 1 ( ) , , 2 / 1 ( [( ) 2 / 1 , , ( ) 2 / 1 , , (
0 0
k j i H k j i H
k j i H k j i H
x
t
k j i D k j i D
x x
y y z z
+ +
+
A
A
+ = +
c
)] 2 / 1 , 1 , ( ) 2 / 1 , , ( [ ) , 2 / 1 , ( ) 1 , 2 / 1 , (
0 0
+ + +
A
A
+ + = + + k j i E k j i E
x
t
k j i H k j i H
z z x x
c
(3.18)
)] 2 / 1 , , ( ) 2 / 1 , , 1 ( [ ) , , 2 / 1 ( ) 1 , , 2 / 1 (
0 0
+ + +
A
A
+ + = + + k j i E k j i E
x
t
k j i H k j i H
z z y y
c

Nh phan mo phong mot chieu, ta cung chon
0
2c
x
t
A
= A . Theo he phng trnh
(3.18), ta se mo phong c song ien t 2D nguon iem lan truyen trong khong
gian theo thi gian. Van e kho khan trong mo phong nay la ieu kien bien ma ta
se tm hieu phan sau.
3.3.2 Mo phong song ien t 2 chieu phat ra t mot nguo n iem trong
khong gian dung ieu kien bien la lp phu hp hoan toan (PML):
T khi phng phap FDTD c dung, ieu kien bien hap thu tuyet oi
ABCs cho bai toan hai chieu a la mot van e c tranh luan soi noi. Co nhieu
phng phap c a ra e cai thien van e nay. Trong so o, co le ieu kien
bien lp phu hp hoan toan la mot trong nhng phng phap linh hoat va hieu qua
nhat.

Hnh 3.5: Cac thong so co lien quan en lp PML
Y tng chnh cua phng phap nay la tao ra mot lp bien co o dan ien
tang dan theo chieu tien ra bien. Khi song ien t i vao lp nay, no se b suy yeu
va tat dan va en bien th dng nh la tat han, do o khong co s phan xa tr lai
cua song ien t t bien en trung tam khong gian ta ang khao sat. Mat khac, e
khong co s phan xa cua song ien t khi no i t moi trng khao sat en lp bien
th tong tr song cua moi trng ang khao sat va lp bien phai bang nhau [5].
Da tren nhng y tng o, nha khoa hoc Berenger, a phat trien mot phng phap
rat phc tap (chuyen he phng trnh Maxwell t mien thi gian sang mien tan so
Fourier e bien oi, sau o lai chuyen ve mien tan so va sai phan hoa cac phng
trnh thu c). Trong pham vi mo phong nay, em ch neu ra cac ket qua cuoi cung
cua phng phap tren.
ay la cac ket qua cuoi cung:
* Cong thc tnh D
z
:

D
z
(i,j,k+1/2)
= gi3(i).g3j(j).D
z
(i,j,k-1/2)
+ 0,5.gi2(i).g2j(j).[H
y
(i+1/2,j,k) H
y
(i-1/2,j,k) H
x
(i,j+1/2,k) + H
x
(i,j-1/2,k)] (3.19)
* Cong thc tnh E:
E
z
(i,j,k+1/2) = D
z
(i,j,k+1/2)
(3.20)
* Cong thc tnh H
x
:
dej = E
z
(i,j,k+1/2) E
z
(i,j+1,k+1/2)
(3.21a)
I
Hx
(i,j+1/2,k+1/2) = I
Hx
(i,j+1/2,k-1/2) + fi1(i).dej (3.21b)
H
x
(i,j+1/2,k+1)
= fj3(j+1/2).H
x
(i,j+1/2,k) + 0,5.fj2(j+1/2).[dei+ I
Hx
(i,j+1/2,k+1/2)]
(3.21c)
* Cong thc tnh H
y
:
dei = E
z
(i+1,j,k+1/2) E
z
(i,j,k+1/2)
(3.22a)
I
Hy
(i+1/2,j,k+1/2) = I
Hy
(i+1/2,j,k-1/2) + fj1(j).dei
(3.22b)
H
y
(i+1/2,j,k+1)
= fi3(i+1/2).H
y
(i+1/2,j,k) + 0,5.fi2(i+1/2).[dei+ I
Hy
(i+1/2,j,k+1/2)]
(3.22c)
e tnh cac thong so fim, fjm (vi m =1,2,3), ngi ta s dung cac cong thc sau:
xn(i) = 0.25*
3
) 5 . 0
_
(
pml d
i
vi i = 1,2,3, d_pml (chieu dai lp PML)
fi1(i) = xn(i) nam trong khoang (0 , 0.333)

fi2(i) =
) ( 1
1
i xn +
nam trong khoang (1 , 0.75)
fi3(i) =
) ( 1
) ( 1
i xn
i xn
+

nam trong khoang (1 , 0.5)

Thc hien tng t cho cac thong so fj1,2,3.
Khi moi trng khao sat (ngoai lp PML), ta cho fi1(i) va fj1(j) nhan gia
tr 0 con cac thong so con lai bang 1.
Mat khac, so o trong lp PML cang ln th s phan xa cua song ien t t
bien ve trung tam moi trng khao sat cang nho.
3.3.3 Mo phong song ie n t 2 chieu da ng pha ng ba ng co ng thc mien
Total/Scattered:
e mo phong c song ien t hai chieu dang phang, ngi ta chia khong
gian khao sat ra lam 2 khu vc goi la total field (mien trung tam) va scattered field
(mien nhieu).
Hnh 3.6: Total field/ Scattered field trong khong gian 2 chieu cua s mo phong





Hnh 3.7: Minh hoa mot iem ch co the nam trong hay nam ngoai Total field
iem can chu y au tien trong phng phap nay la co mot bo em phu 1
chieu c s dung goi la mang ti. V oi vi song ien t 1D ieu kien bien la
hoan hao.
Nguyen tac chung cua phng phap nay la mot iem hoac nam trong total
field hoac la nam ngoai, ch khong co viec nam tren ranh gii gia total field va
scattered field [5]. Chnh v vay, mot iem nam trong total field ma s dung cac
iem khac nam ben ngoai e tnh toan th gia tr ta i iem o phai c chnh sa
lai. Va s chnh sa nay at c nh co mang ti tren. Ta cung thc hien tng t
nh tren cho cac iem nam ngoai total field ma la i s dung iem ben trong e tnh
toan.
3.3.4 Chng trnh Matlab viet cho mo phong so ng ien t 2D dang
phang:
%******************************************************************
function[ez] = hamfdtd2dc3(ie,je,N,npml)%tinh den N-1,ke-1

dx = 0.01; dt = dx/(6e8);
ic = round(ie/2); jc = round(je/2);
ia = 7; ib = ie-7; ja = 7; jb = je-7;
%Xac dinh he so phu
eps0 = 1/(4*pi*9e9);t0 = 20; spread = 8;
%Khoi tao tri ban dau
ez = zeros(ie,je,N); dz = zeros(ie,je);
hx = zeros(ie,je); hy = hx;
ihx = zeros(ie,je); ihy = ihx;
%****************************
ga = ones(ie,je); gi2 = ones(ie,1);
gi3 = gi2; fi1 = zeros(ie,1);
fi2 = gi2; fi3 = gi2;
%****************************
gj2 = ones(1,je); gj3 = gj2;
fj1 = zeros(1,je); fj2 = gj2;
fj3 = gj2;
%*******************************
ezinc = zeros(1,je); hxinc = ezinc;
eztam1 = 0; eztam2 = 0;
hxtam1 = 0; hxtam2 = 0;
%Dieu kien lop phu hop hoan toan
for i = 1:npml+1,

xnum = npml+1-i;
xd = npml; xxn = xnum/xd;
gi2(i) = 1/(1+xn); gi2(ie+1-i)=1/(1+xn);
gi3(i) = (1-xn)/(1+xn); gi3(ie+1-i) = (1-xn)/(1+xn);
xxn = (xnum-0.5)/xd; fi1(i) = xn; fi1(ie -i) = xn;
fi2(i) = 1/(1+xn); fi2(ie-i) = 1/(1+xn);
fi3(i) = (1-xn)/(1+xn); fi3(ie-i) = (1-xn)/(1+xn);
end
%***********************
for j = 1:npml+1,
xnum = npml+1-j;
xd = npml; xxn = xnum/xd;
gj2(j) = 1/(1+xn); gj2(je+1-j)=1/(1+xn);
gj3(j) = (1-xn)/(1+xn); gj3(je+1-j) = (1-xn)/(1+xn);
xxn = (xnum-0.5)/xd;
fj1(j) = xn; fj1(je-j) = xn;
fj2(j) = 1/(1+xn); fj2(je-j) = 1/(1+xn);
fj3(j) = (1-xn)/(1+xn); fj3(je-j) = (1-xn)/(1+xn);
end

%****************************************** TINH
for t = 1:N-1,
%****************

ezinc(2:je) = ezinc(2:je)+0.5*(hxinc(1:je-1)-hxinc(2:je));
ezinc(1) = eztam1; eztam1 = eztam2;
eztam2 = ezinc(2); pulse = exp(-0.5*((t0-t)/spread)^2);
ezinc(3) = pulse;
%******************
dz(2:ie,2:je) = (gi3(2:ie)*gj3(2:je)).*dz(2:ie,2:je)+0.5*(gi2(2:ie)*gj2(2:je))
*(hy(2:ie,2:je)-hy(1:ie-1,2:je)+hx(2:ie,1:je-1) -hx(2:ie,2:je));
dz(ia:ib,ja) = dz(ia:ib,ja)+0.5*hxinc(ja-1)*ones(ib+1-ia,1);
dz(ia:ib,jb) = dz(ia:ib,jb)-0.5*hxinc(jb)*ones(ib+1-ia,1);
%*************
ez(:,:,t+1) = ga.*dz; ez(1,:,t+1) = zeros(1,je);
ez(ie,:,t+1) = zeros(1,je); ez(:,1,t+1) = zeros(ie,1);
ez(:,je,t+1) = zeros(ie,1);
%**************
hxinc(1:je-1) = hxinc(1:je-1)+0.5*(ezinc(1:je-1)-ezinc(2:je));
hxinc(je) = hxtam1; hxtam1 = hxtam2;
hxtam2 = hxinc(je-1);
for i = 1:ie-1,
dei = ez(i,1:je-1,t+1)+ez(i,2:je,t+1);
ihx(i,1:je-1) = ihx(i,1:je-1)+fi1(i)*dej;
hx(i,1:je-1) = fj3(1:je-1).*hx(i,1:je-1)+0.5*fj2(1:je-1).*(dej+ihx(i,1:je-1));
end
hx(ia:ib,ja-1) = hx(ia:ib,ja-1) + 0.5*ezinc(ja)*ones(ib+1-ia,1);

hx(ia:ib,jb) = hx(ia:ib,jb) - 0.5*ezinc(jb)*ones(ib+1-ia,1);
%***********************
for i = 1:ie-1,
dej = ez(i+1,1:je-1,t+1)+ez(i,1:je-1,t+1);
ihy(i,1:je-1) = ihy(i,1:je-1)+fj1(1:je-1).*dei;
hy(i,1:je-1) = fi3(i)*hy(i,1:je-1)+0.5*fi2(i)*(dei+ihy(i,1:je-1));
end
end
%******************************************************************
3.3.5 Mot so ket qua thu c:
a) Song ien t 2D co dang nguon iem lan truyen trong moi trng t do:
- Dang nguon song: dang sin; - V tr nguon song: tai v tr i = 40 , j = 40
- So lp PML: 8


Hnh 3.8: Song ien t 2D dang nguon iem lan truyen trong moi trng t do

b) Song ien t 2D co dang pha ng lan truyen trong moi trng t do:
Hnh 3.9: Song ien t 2D dang phang lan truyen trong moi trng t do

c) Song ien t 2D co dang phang lan truyen trong moi trng t do, va cham
vi mot khoi chat ien moi hnh tru:
Hnh 3.10: Song ien t 2D co dang phang lan truyen trong moi trng t do, va
cham vi mot khoi chat ien moi hnh tru




PHNG TRNH SONG 3 CHIEU TRONG CHAN KHONG
He phng trnh Maxwell [2] c viet:

~
1
o o
D
H
t c
c
= V
c
(2.22a)

~ ~
*
( ) ( )
r
D E e c e = (2.22b)

~
1
o o
H
E
t c
c
= V
c
(2.22c)
Mo hnh sai phan c xuat phat t te bao Yee . Trng E va H gia thiet la c
chen xung quanh te bao Yee c ch nh bi cac vector i, j, k.









Cac phng trnh (2.22a) va (2.22c) cho ta 6 phng trnh vo hng:

1
y
x z
o o
H
D H
t y z c
c | | c c
=
|
c c c
\ .
(2.23a)

1
y
x z
o o
D
H H
t z x c
c
c c | |
=
|
c c c
\ .
(2.23b)
Hnh 2.12 Te bao Yee


1
y
x z
o o
H
H D
t x y c
c | | c c
=
|
c c c
\ .
(2.23c)

1
y
x z
o o
E
H E
t z y c
c | | c c
=
|
c c c
\ .
(2.23d)

1
y
x z
o o
H
E E
t x z c
c
c c | |
=
|
c c c
\ .
(2.23e)

1
y
x z
o o
E
E H
t y x c
c | | c c
=
|
c c c
\ .
(2.23f)
au tien, chung ta thay the cac xap x sai phan trong cac phng trnh (2.23), ay
ta lay v du (2.23c) va (2.23f):

1 1
2 2
1 1
( , , ) ( , , )
2 2
1 1 1 1
( , , ) ( , , )
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
( , , ) ( , , )
2 2 2 2
n n
z z
n n
y y
n n
o o
x x
D i j k D i j k
H i j k H i j k
t
x
H i j k H i j k
c
+
+ = + +
(
+ + +
(
A
(
A
(
+ + + +
(

(2.24a)

1
1 1
2 2
1 1
2 2
1 1 1 1
( , , ) ( , , )
2 2 2 2
1 1
( 1, , ) ( , , )
2 2
1 1
( , 1, ) ( , , )
2 2
n n
z z
n n
y y
n n
o o
x x
H i j k H i j k
E i j k E i j k
t
x
E i j k E i j k
c
+
+ +
+ +
+ + = + +
(
+ + +
(
A
(
A (
+ + + +
(

(2.24b)
Moi lien he gia E va D cho bi phng trnh (2.22b), hoan toan giong nh cac
phng trnh truyen song 1 chieu va 2 chieu. Nguon kch thch c s dung la
mot Antenna lng cc n gian c minh hoa bi Hnh 2.13. Nguon c xac
nh bang cach thiet lap gia tr cua trng Ez trong khe h cua Antenna. Trong mo
hnh mo phong nguon s dung co dang ham Gauss ( oi vi Antenna thc te th
nguon Ez trong khe la ket qua gay bi dong chay trong 2 canh tay cua Antenna).
Ket qua cua s truyen song Ez t lng cc trong mat phang XY t khe h c
mo ta bi Hnh 2.14.















Hnh 2.13 Antenna lng
cc
The stimulating Ez
value is specified at
the gap
Specify
metal
Hnh 2.14 S lan truyen cua trng ien E
Z
tao
bi Antenna lng cc trong chan khong 3 chieu