Bo Co Thc Tp

Li cm n. t thc tp tt nghip ti X NGHIP CH BIN LNG THC XUT KHU HA BNH ko di gn hai thng khng nhng l c hi cho Em tri nghim v ng dng nhng kin thc hc trong nhng nm qua vo thc t m cn c hi cho Em c i su vo thc t tm hiu v quy trnh v cc bc thc hin trong thc t. c c kt qu ny, Em xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c hng dn thc tp, khoa Cng Ngh Thc Phm trng i hc K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM v cc anh ch trong x nghip hng dn v to iu kin cho Em n vi X Nghip Ch Bin Lng Thc Xut Khu Ha Bnh. Em xin chn thnh cm n ban lnh o nh my, cc C Ch, anh ch trong vn phng v cng nhn sn xut gip , hng dn tn tnh trong sut thi gian qua. Tuy nhin, bo co vn khng trnh khi nhng sai st, knh mong s gp nhn xt, gp ca qu nh my v cc thy c hng dn. Tp H Ch Minh, thng 3 nm 2012. Sinh vin thc tp Phan Trng Tuyn

Bo Co Thc Tp
Mc lc. 1. 1.1 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Tng quan v x nghip Gii thiu chung. Lnh vc hot ng. Phng thc mua bn. Nng lc sn xut. Chng nhn cht lng. Lch s thnh lp v pht trin . a im xy dng. S t chc v b tr nhn s . Cc loi sn phm. nh hng pht trin trong tng lai . An ton lao ng. Phi tun th cc quy nh sau: Thc hin ng quy tc an ton lao ng. Phi c ro chn mng nhp liu, bao che b phn truyn ng vn tc Khng a gin khi lm vic, sn ng phi c kha cnh tng ma st, Chp hnh tt cc nh k bo dng thit b, v sinh nh xng, khi c s

cao, cc thit b in phi c rle bo v. trnh trn trt. c phi bo co ngay kp thi s a cha. - Phi nm vng cc quy nh cng ngh trc khi vn hnh my. - Thn trng khi thao tc gn cc b phn ang chuyn ng, cc b phn v tr cao. - Chp hnh nghim chnh an ton lao ng v an ton k thut lao ng. - Trc khi vn hnh my phi kim tra xem my c h hng hay khng. Nu c hin tng ph hoi phi bo co vi gim c v b phn bo v x l. Khng c bt c ai vo gn my xem hoc s m khi my ang hot ng nu khng c s cho php ca nhn vin k thut. - Mi my phi c h s, l lch my, quy phm s dng my. - m bo ng quy nh nhp liu my khng qu ti. - Ch ting my v ci bo ng phng ri ro xy ra. - T s a cha c in cn c hun luyn v tun th cht ch an ton vn hnh mi c cu thit b, my mc trnh xy ra s c. 1.8 Phng chy cha chy. Nh my c nhng iu kin ht sc thun li cho cng tc phng chy, cha chy: 1.8.1 V tr v im t ca nh my. - V tr tip gip vi sng Hu thun li cho vic cha chy. - a im xa nh dn nn khng c kh nng chy xa.
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- Bn trong nh my c li i rng nn xe cha chy c th tip cn d dng. 1.8.2 Ngun nc cha chy di do. - Ngun nc bn ngoi: nh my tip gip sng ln, khi thy triu xung xe cha chy vn ly c nc. Ngoi ra nh my cn c cy ging v h thng nc my, c th p ng c khi cn thit. 1.8.3 Nguyn nhn ch yu dn n chy n. - Do s c v in. - Do s c thit b. - Vi phm ni quy an ton chng chy n. - C kho du (du t l sy). 1.8.4 c im cng tc phng chy cha chy ca nh my. - Lc lng cng on c tp hun phng chy cha chy. - Phng tin cha chy: 1 my bm, 9 cun dy, 3 bnh bt 100kg, 37 bnh CO2. 1.8.5 Cng tc kim tra an ton phng chy cha chy(PCCC). - ra ni quy, quy nh an ton v PCCC cho tng khu vc. - Thc hin cc kin ngh ca i PCCC a phng - ra bin php PCCC cho tng khu vc sn xut, bo qun, vn chuyn vt t hng ha. 1.9 X l ph thy v kh thy. - Nc thi: Ch yu l nc sinh hot, nc v sinh my nn nhim khng ng k, do c th thi trc tip qua h thng cng rnh. - Kh thi: Hin nay nh my ch tin hnh sy gi nn khng c kh c, do c th thi ln tri bng h thng ht hi. - Bi cng nghip: Ch yu l bi cm, c x l bng cch cho qua cc bung lng nn bi ra ngoi khng ng k. 2 Tng quan v nguyn liu sn xut go trng. Nguyn liu ch yu l go lc (go x) v go trng. c cc thng li a phng hoc cc tnh ln cn ( ng Thp, Cn Th, ) em n bn hoc theo n t hng ca x nghip. Go lc c x nghip thu mua trn th trng gm rt nhiu chng loi. Nhng vo x nghip th c phn ra lm hai loi l go 5 ( 5% tm) hay go 15 ( 15% tm). T hai loi ny nhn vin KCS s u vi nhau thnh cc loi sn phm c t l tm khc nhau theo nhu cu ca n hng. Sn phm thng l go 5, go 15, go 25 v go 100% tm. 2.1 Vai tr v c im. 2.1.1 Vai tr ca go. Cung cp tinh bt, protein, vitamin v khong cho ngi. 2.1.2 c im nguyn liu. a. i vi go lc (go x nguyn liu). -Nguyn liu ban u cn ln nhiu tp cht, v ht su bnhb mt ht go x c mu nu ng do cn v qu v v ht. Trn nh ht c phi trng c. b. Go trng. - B mt go sch trng. Do tch hon ton lp v ch cn ni nh.
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Bng 2.1Chiu di ht go. Dng ht Rt di Di Trung bnh Ngn Kch thc ht > 7.5 mm 7.5 6.61 mm 6.6 5.51 mm < 5.51 mm

2.2 Kim tra v x l nguyn liu. 2.2.1 Go lc. Khi ln go nhn vin KCS s da vo mu c nh gi kim tra mu ang ln v cc ch tiu nh m, ht rng (ht kinh), ht xanh v vng, ng nht, ht gy, thc, tp cht, t l bc bng. Nu go ang ln khc vi mu th ngi KCS s cho ngng nhp v thng bo ln phng kinh doanh nh gi li hoc khng nhp l n a. 2.2.2 Go trng. Cng nh trn cc ch tiu cn kim tra l m, ng ng nht, t l tm, ln (ch p dng cho go jasmine, thm li, ST, i loan, 4900), t l bc bng, thc, ht , ht rn gy, h hng, bng cngoi ra cn quan tm n bng sng ca go ch tiu ny rt kh nhn bit c. 2.3 Tn tr nguyn liu. Tt c go x nguyn liu sau khi c thu mua s c vo b cha, v thi gian tn tr l khng qu 15 ngy. V nu lu hn thi gian ny th ht s b h hng. Nu go x c m cao th s c bin php x l thch hp trnh hin tng truyn m lm tng m ca ng ht. Cn i vi go trng th s vo b cha ring hoc cht cy ni an ton theeo quy nh. 3 Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut go trng. 3.1 S quy trnh cng ngh sn xut go trng.

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Go nguyn liu

Cn nh lng

Sng tp cht

Tp cht

Xt trng 1,2

cm

Lau bng 1,2

Cm lau

Bt thc

Thc

Sy

Sng o

Tm nh

Trng phn ly

Tm 1/2

Tch mu

Ph phm

Thnh phm

Hnh 3.1 Dy chuyn sn xut go trng

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3.2 Thuyt minh quy trnh. Vic thu mua nguyn liu u vo l mt khu rt quan trng. i hi cn b thu mua phi c kinh nghim v hiu bit v go. V go nguyn liu quyt nh n c dy chuyn sn xut, nng sut v hiu sut thit b, cht lng v t l go thnh phm. Do nguyn liu mua vo phi c kim tra cht lng tht k v m, tp cht, thc ln, ht mu, ht hng, ht rn nt u tin nguyn liu s c bng ti chuyn t ghe ln mng nhp liu, nguyn liu t mng c ht ln b i v qua cn u vo xc nh khi lng nguyn liu. Sau nguyn liu s c chuyn vo b cha bng bng chuyn. T b cha, nguyn liu s c chuyn xung bng chuyn n sn tp cht loi b cc tp cht nh, tp cht ln v c kim loi. Sau khi loi b tp cht nguyn liu s c chuyn qua my xt 1 ri my xt 2 loi b lp qu, v ht, 1 phn lp aleuron v phi (Nhng i vi go trng nguyn liu th khng cn qua my xt) .Sau khi ra khi my xt go s c nh bng ngay sau nhm lm nhn mt ngoi ca ht go, bc i nhng vy cm cn dnh mt ngoi ca ht go, lm cho go bng sng ln v to iu kin thun li cho bo qun. Sau khi c nh bng go s c b i chuyn qua gn tch thc loi thc ra ngoi nng cao cht lng go. Nu m go trn 15,8% th s c chuyn vo thp sy go t tiu chun v m. Nu go t chun v m ri th s c chuyn qua sn o loi tm con ra, sau go s vo trng phn loi iu chnh lng tm nh mong mun. Sau khi qua trng go s c a qua my tch mu loi b cc tp cht, ht su bnhsn phm thu c l go trng p ng c nhu cu cht lng. Nu nguyn liu a vo l go trng th khng cn phi qua xt. 3.3 Thit b. 3.3.1 Cn u vo. 3.3.1.1 Mc ch. Xc nh khi lng nguyn liu u vo. 3.3.1.2 Cc bin i. Hu nh khng c bin i no. 3.3.1.3 Cch thc hin. Nguyn liu chuyn t di ghe ln v c cng nhn vo mng nhp liu, sau nguyn liu c b i chuyn vo cn nh lng. 3.3.2 Sn tp cht. 3.3.2.1 Mc ch. Sng tp cht d ng loi cc tp cht c kch thc to v nh hn ht go lc ng thi nam chm tch c kim loi. tng nng sut v hiu sut, bo v thit b.

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Hnh 3.2 Sng tp cht. 3.3.2.2 Cc bin i. Lng tp cht gim ng k ch yu l dy bao, go cht, ru thc, bng c, rmNguyn liu tr nn sch hn nng cao nng sut thit b. 3.3.2.3 Cch thc hin. Da vo s khc nhau v t trng v kch thc ca nguyn liu, nhng ht c kch thc nh hn s lt qua sng 1, tp cht c kch thc ln hn s trt xung dn v cui sng v thot ra ca tp cht. mt sng 2 ht go s trt v cui sng v ra c a go sch. Cn cc tp cht nh c kch thc nh hn l li sng 2 s lt qua v ra c a tp cht nh. 3.3.3 Xt trng. 3.3.2.1 Mc ch. loi b lp qu, v ht, 1 phn lp aleuron v phi ca go lc.

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Hnh 3.3 My xt trng go. 3.3.2.2 Cc bin i. V qu v v ht c bc ra thnh cm, lm cho ht go trng hn. Ht nng ln do lc ma st. Ht c th gy do m thp hoc qu cao. 3.3.2.3 Cch thc hin. Go lc nhp liu vo phu c vt ti chuyn vo bung xt. Lp cm bn ngoi c tch ra nh ma st gia lp bn trong, lp li bn ngoi v h thng dao gt gn ngay trn li thot cm. Cm c tch ra lt qua l li ra ngoi li, c qut ht ht vo h thng thu hi cm. Go sau khi c lm sch c a ra ngoi vo my nh bng nhm lm sch hon ton. iu chnh lu lng go vo bng cn gt trn phu nhp liu. thay i tc di chuyn ca go trong bung xt v iu chnh p lc tc dng ln ht go bn trong bung xt ngi ta c th iu chnh gc ca ming cn go, ming cn go c th iu chnh bng tay. 3.3.3 nh bng. 3.3.3.1 Mc ch. Nhm lm nhn mt ngoi ca ht go, bc i nhng vy cm cn xt li mt ngoi ca ht go, lm ht go trng bng ln v to iu kin thun li cho bo qun v nng cao cht lng go.

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Hnh 3.4 My nh bng go. 3.3.3.2 Cc bin i. - Tch trit v ht vo phi, lm cho ht go trng ti a v tng bng ca ht. - Ht nng ln do lc ma st. - Ht go c trng v bng hn. 3.3.3.3 Cch thc hin. Do lc ma st gia nguyn liu vi dao, nguyn liu vi li, nguyn liu vi nguyn liu. ng thi kt hp phun sng v thi gi lm cho qu trnh c din ra thun li hn.

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3.3.4 Bt thc. 3.3.4.1 Mc ch. Loi b thc cn xt li v c tp cht. nng cao cht lng go. 3.3.4.2 Cc bin i. T l thc gim ng k. 3.3.4.3 Cch thc hin. Da trn s chnh lch t trng v trn lng ca ht, ht go trn lng v c t trng cao hn nn s b y v pha gn, cn thc th ngc li. 3.3.5 Sy. 3.3.5.1 Mc ch. Bo qun d dng hn v t chun v m ca go thnh phm. 3.3.5.2 Cc bin i. m gim v mc an ton. Nu sy nhiu qu th go s bin mu v d gy v. 3.3.5.3 Cch thc hin. Go c thng sy, do trng lc go s trt t trn nh xung, kh nng t l t c ht ln trn thng sy, thng sy c cu to gia l mt ng tr rng trn mt tr c nhng l nh t ong, cn hai mt hong c khoang trngkh nng s c dn n hai mt hong v ng tr l t ong ta ra khp nguyn liu. Nhit y c khng ch hon ton t ng nguyn liu t c m thch hp. 3.3.6 Sn o. 3.3.6.1 Mc ch. Loi b tm con ( tm 1/8), tm mn. 3.3.6.2 Cc bin i. Luongj tm mn gim ng k 3.3.6.3 Cch thc hin. Da vo s khc nhau v kch thc v t trng gia tm v go, nhng ht c kch thc ln hn sng 1 s c gi li trn sng (ht supper hay ht nguyn) v i ra theo c a ring, ti mt sng 2, nhng ht c kch thc ln hn sn 2 s c gi li trn sng (tm 2/5), nhng ht lt qua mt sng 2 l tm mn hay tm 1/8 3.3.7 Trng phn loi. 3.3.7.1 Mc ch. Loi b v iu chnh lng tm (tm , ) trong thnh phm theo mong mun. 3.3.7.2 Cc bin i. Lng tm gim ng k theo mong mun. 3.3.7.3 Cch thc hin. Da vo s khc nhau v kch thc v t trng gia go v tm. Mt trong ca trng c thit k c nhng hc c ng knh 4,2mm v 5,2mm v thn
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trng c nghing c th iu chnh c bt tm theo mong mun. Khi hot ng trng s xoay trn nguyn liu vo trng theo chiu cao xung thp, ti y nhng l nh s gi tm li, v a tm ra ngoi bng vt ti ring.cn ht go s trt xung n cui trng v ra ngoi. 3.4 Cc thit b chnh. 3.4.1 B i. B i l thit b d ng vn chuyn nguyn liu, bn thnh phm, thnh phm t thit b ny sang thit b khc. D ng vn chuyn vt liu ri theo phng thng ng, vn chuyn nguyn liu nhng cao khc nhau rt thun li. 3.4.1.1 Cu to. Cu to chnh ca b i l cc gu ti bng kim loi hoc m cng, cc gu ti c gn lin tc vo dy ai, khong cch gia cc gu ti khong 20 - 25cm. Dy ai ny chuyn ng nh puly chuyn ng. Thn b i thng lm bng g hoc kim loi.

Hnh 3.5 Cu to b i.

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3.4.1.2 c tnh. Kiu GT-130 GT-160 GT-200 GT-250 GT0300 3.4.1.3 Nguyn tc hat ng. Khi hot ng puly quay lm cho dy ai quay theo mang theo cc gu ti t di ln trn, nguyn liu c ln gu ti v c a ln n nh ri sang ng dn n thit b khc. 3.4.1.4 Cch vn hnh. - in th phi m bo 360-400V - Bm nt ON ca cc b i trn t in chnh vn hnh. - Vn hnh tng b i. - Bm nt OFF trn t in khi ngng hoc gp s c 3.4.2 Sn tp cht. 3.4.2.1 Cu to. Gm mt khung sng lm bng thp, sng c b tr 2 lp sng. Lp sng trn c kch thc ln 8 10 mm, lp sng di c kch thc nh 1.5 1.8 mm. Bng 3.1 Thng tin my. Nng sut m3/gi ng lc 5.4 8 12 20 48.6 1 1 2 2 3 Gu mm 100 120 140 200 250

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4 2 8 5 9 7 6 3

Hnh 3.6 Sn Tp Cht Ch thch: 1. Phu np liu 2. Li tch tp cht (ng knh 8-10mm) 3. Li tch bi (ng knh 1.5-1.8mm) 4. Ng ht bi 5.Gi rung 6. Li ra tp cht nh 7. Li ra go 8. Li ra tp cht l 9. ng c

3.4.2.2 c tnh. Kiu Nng sut (Kg/gi) Bng 3.2 Thng tin my. M S vng Trn Kch lc quay trc g thc li (HP) chnh ln (mm) (vng/pht g ) (Kg) 1 250 - 280 500 1412 x 1395 Kch thc my (mm)

SG116NA

16000

1700 x 1760 x 2700

3.4.2.3 Nguyn l hot ng. Nguyn tc l da vo s khc nhau v t trng v kch thc ca nguyn liu. u tin nguyn liu c xung trc khi xung mt sng nguyn liu s c chy trn trc ngang c gn nhng bnh xe nam chm tch kim loi nu c. Ti mt sng do sng trn c kch thc l sng l 8-10mm nn nhng ht c kch thc nh hn s lt qua sng 1, tp cht c kch thc ln hn s trt xung dn v cui sng v thot ra ca tp cht ln ( sn, dy bao, rm r,).
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mt sng 2 l sng c kch thc 1.5-1.8mm ht go s trt v cui sng v ra c a go sch. Cn cc tp cht nh c kch thc nh hn l li sng 2 s lt qua v ra c a tp cht nh (ct, bng c, ru...) 3.4.2.4 Cch vn hnh. - in th phi m bo 360-400V - Bm nt ON trn bng iu khin vn hnh. - Bm nt OFF trn bng iu khin khi ngng hoc gp s c. 3.4.3 My xt trng. 3.4.3.1 Cu to. Gm c trc v thanh cao su, bn ngoi c lp li bao bc . Li c chia thnh nhiu khong, mi khong c 1 thanh cao su.

Hnh 3.7 Cu to my xt. 5. Van lu lng. 13. Rul . 22. li thot cm. 44. Thn my. 46. C a ra go. 3.4.3.2 c tnh. 50. My. 52. C a thot cm. 74. Tay chnh x go. 222. Bnh Vt.

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Bng 3.3 Thng tin my. Nng sut M lc S vng Trng (go lc (HP) quay trc lng Kg/gi) chnh (Kg) (vng/pht) 7000-10000 75-100 285 2780

Kiu

Kch thc my (mm)

CDA100C

2420x1560x2830

3.4.3.3 Nguyn l hot ng. My xt trng go loi CDA-C d ng xt go lc sch cm vi phng php mi xt ht go gia mi b mt mt khi hnh tr v nhng thanh xt bng cao su, ng thi cm c ly ra mt cch trit nh lung gi ht. My c phn t ng u chnh cc thanh cao su tin vo tm khi quay vi vn tc c nh sn tng ng vi s hao mn ca cc thanh cao su trong lc hot ng. 3.4.3.4 Vn hnh. a. iu chnh trc vn hnh. Vn van lng lu mc s 0. Vn cng tc (SW4) v tr ng. Vn cng tc (SW3) v (SW2) v tr bng tay. T1: n nh thi gian ca chu k . T2: n nh thi gian bc tin ca cao su trong mi chu k . - (T1) c th iu chnh t 2 ~ 10 pht. - (T2) c th iu chnh t 0.5 n 3 giy (tng ng 1/10 vng bnh vt). - M cng tc in ngun (SWP), n nt (my xt trng) cho my chy khng ti theo chiu kim ng h. Sau n th nt (S5) xem cc thanh cao su li hay tinnu cc thanh cao su di chuyn tin vo l hnh trnh ng khi my vn hnh. - n nt (S5) cho cc thanh cao su chm nh vo trc xt rul sau n (S6) cho cc thanh cao su l i ra 1 vng, cc thanh xt cao su h ra cch b mt trc xt mt khong u nhau t 1,5 ~ 2,5mm. - Vn tay chnh x go cn n by mc 1,5. b. Vn hnh. - Cho my kh ng quay theo chiu kim ng h v qut ht hot ng, su vn cng tc (SW4) v tr M iu khin ming chn go cho go nguyn liu vo bung cha m van lu lng go i vo bung xt v thot ra mng ra go sau khi c xt trng. - Trong lc my hot ng, van lu lng c m lu lng vo my theo yu cu ca ngi s dng. iu chnh lu lng thot ra bng tay chnh x go go lun c dng gn y sut chiu cao bun xt trong khung li,

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ng thi cm c phun ra cc l li thnh mt ng di theo chiu ng sut t di ln trn mi mt li xt (c th nhn thy c bng np mica trong sut). - Tay chnh x go d ng iu chnh lu lng x go cho tng ng vi lu lng nhp liu dng go trong my lun c n nh v go c trng cn thit, cn c vo thc vch s cn n by. Ch nu iu chnh lu lng x go t hn lu lng np go s b nght v dn n ng my. - Khi my hot ng n nh, vn cng tc (SW3) v (SW2) qua T NG chuyn qua ch t ng. trong khi hot ng, cc thanh cao su s c tin vo tm vi vn tc theo chu k nh trc. c. iu chnh bng tay. - Nu (SW3) v tr 2 (bng tay) tip im (S5) d ng tin cao su, tip im (S6) d ng li cao su. Khi l i n im u cu tm hot ng cao su, th (SW5) chuyn sang v tr 2, kn v n bo hiu, ng thi v tr s 1 ca (SW5) b ngt. lc s iu khiu li cao su ca (S5) mt hiu qu. d. iu chnh t ng. - Khi my xt hot ng (L1) cung cp in cho timer. - Vn (SW3) v tr 1 (t ng), th timer c in N, do mch timer hot ng v cao su s t ng tin vo theo thi gian v chu k c nh sn. - Khi cao su t ng tin vo n im cui ca tm hot ng (lc ht cao su), (SW1) chuyn sang v tr 2, do timer mt in N v tin trnh t ng iu chnh cao su ngng hot ng, ng thi kn v n bo hiu.

Hnh 3.8 Bng iu khin.

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3.4.4 My lau bng. 3.4.4.1 Cu to. Gm c trc chnh, trc chnh c chia lm hai bung, bung nc v bung gi. Trc chnh c bao quanh bi dao v khung li.

Hnh 3.9 Cu to my nh bng. 3.4.4.2 c tnh. Kiu Bng 3.4 thng tin my. Nng ng S vng quay trc Trng sut u lc chnh (vng/pht) lng vo (HP) Trc Qut Kg/gi 700010000 150 600 650 2900 1850 Trng lng (Kg) Kch thc my (mm) 3690x1020x2520

CBL10C

3.4.4.3 Nguyn l hot ng. My dnh bng go c thit k theo phng php dng dao v li kt hp vi lung nc phun sng lm sch go sch, trng v bng. My c h thng phun nc t ng, nc s t ng phun theo s iu chnh c t 1 30 giy sau khi c go vo bung my v s t ng tc khi ht go, c h thng van ng nhanh trong trng hp khn cp hoc ht nguyn liu.

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Hnh 3.10 S lm vic ca my nh bng. 3.4.4.4 Vn hnh. a. Kim tra trc vn hnh. - n bo in th 3 pha: + Dng in 380V (380V8%) th nhp 168A trn ng h ca bng iu khin. + Dng in 220V (2208%) th nhp 360A vo ng h ca bng iu khin. - Kim tra dy cu-roa: khng c lng hay qu cng, nu qu cng th c th lm hng bc n, trc my v motor. - Lm sch cc b phn: thng cha, li. - y kn hai np hong my. b. Vn hnh. - Khi ng my. n m my nn kh trn t in vi p sut t 4 -6 Kg/Cm2. n m my nh bng trn bng iu khin. n m qut ht cm trn t in. m van gi trn bng iu khin vi p sut t 1,5 1,8 Kg/Cm2. Cho my chy khng ti mt pht kim tra. - Vn hnh my. Np liu y phu ca my nh bng; xoay ming chn gaojqua v tr m; m van lu lng go tm thi mc 3, sau iu chnh qu cn tng

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ng vi sc ti 80 100A khi cha phun nc. sau my chy khng nc khong mt pht. n m my bm nc vi p sut t 2 3 Kg/Cm2. Hnh 6. M van nc t t cho n khi go c phun nc, ampe k ch t 100 -150A (120HP), gi n nh t 1 -2 pht ri tng hoc gim lu lng go cho n khi t nng sut ca my v bng ca go. iu chnh trng v bng ca go bng cch phi hp vic iu chnh qu cn, lu lng nc v lu lng go. - Kim tra trong lc vn hnh. Theo di ampe k: khng c trn 150 i vi motor 120HP/380V v khng c trn 280A i vi motor 120HP/220V. Nu ampe k ch trn mc quy nh, motor c th chy v qu ti. Trong lc vn hnh nn thng xuyn theo di n bo pha, volt k, ampe k, ng h my nn kh, ng h p sut nc. Nu my qu ti nt n trn bng diu khin s sng ln, n tc sau n m khi ng li my. Nu qut ht hoc my nn kh qua ti, n trn t in s sng ln, m ca t in n reset bn trong khi ng li. Nu c ting ng l thng do cc nguyn nhn sau y: Vt l rt vo my. Truc trc k thut. Thiu du, m, bc n hng, lng b lon TT MY: tm hiu nguyn nhn s a cha v thay th. - Kim tra bng ca go. Dng mt thng quan st go trong in kin nh sng ph hp. Dng tay nm nh 1 lng go, m tay ra go s ri v tay cn dnh 1 t go, khng c cm, go t bng. Dng tay nm 1 lng go v xao nh, nu cm thy go c trn v kh, go t bng. Dui thng tay, y su vo lp go trong bao v v nh, nu bn tay c th xuyn vo go mt cch d dng v c cm gic trn, go t bng. Ch : Mun t bng, trng v nng sut ti a, go nguyn liu phi trng tt v m khng qu 15%. Trc Nn d ng nc sch t tiu chun (nc sinh hot) trong sut qu trnh phun sng. c. Khi ngng my. - Tt my bm trc khi va ht go, ng thi ng ming chn go.

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- Gi np ni ming ra go cho go thot ht ra ngoi. - D ng sng hi thi sch cm dnh ni phu, li v bung cm. - Tt ton b my, tr my nn kh. M hai np hng, sau n m qut ht cm. - Tt qut ht cm v my nn kh. - Cp cu dao in chnh. Ch : + Phi cp cu dao in trc khi d ng sng hi lm sch. Nu c in th c th b chm v gy n. 3.4.5 Gn bt thc. 3.4.5.1 Cu to. - Mt v c thit k c cc sng hnh tam gic theo chiu xui, v c dao ng theo chiu ngang. - nghing ca sn c th thay i c nh tay quay.

Hnh 3.11 Cu to gn bt thc. 5. C a go ln thc vo. 58. Ca ra thnh phm 8. Tay quay. 60. V ph. 43. Nm chnh cnh chia. 311. Cn iu chnh. 3.4.5.2 c tnh. Bng 3.5 Thng tin my.

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Kiu Nng sut (go trng Kg/gi 9.6 M lc (HP) 2 S vng quay Trng trc chnh lng (vng/pht) (Kg) 260 - 280 896 Kch (mm) thc my

BGM24C

2300 750 x 2980

3.4.5.3 Nguyn l hot ng. - Da vo s khc nhau v t trng gia go v thc, my tch thc vi phng php d ng cc mt v c cc sng hnh tam gic theo chiu xui c dao ng theo chiu ngang phn ring go v thc. - Loi BGM d ng tch thc ln trong go trng hoc go bng, loi my ny c v ph. (cng dng ca v ph: thng d ng tch mt ln n a phn thc b loi ra nhm lm gim t l go cn ln trong phn thc .

Hnh 3.12 Nguyn l lm vic ca my gn. 3.4.5.4 Vn hnh. t c hiu qu cao nht, nguyn liu vi t l thc ln trong go nh bng l 75 ht/Kg v m khng qu 15%, s cho thnh phm c t l thc di 15 ht/Kg. Cho nguyn liu vo thng cha (80), my s t hot ng khi go mc t b cm ng tr ln, Go s c tri di trn tng mt v v i dn xung v rt vo mng thnh phm.

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Trong lc di chuyn trn mt v, nhng ht c t trng nng l go s i dn ln pha cao v ht c t trng nh s b y dn xung pha thp ca nghin theo chiu ngang mt v. Chnh nm vn chn dng go v thc theo yu cu. Nn chnh nm bn pha go thnh phm mc s 6 trn vch thc c go lc thnh phm v lung go hi c t l thc ln thp v n nh. - My tch thc ch hot ng hiu qu khi nguyn liu c cung cp tri y khp cc mc v. do , ch t ng, my s t dng ngng v ch khi lu lng np liu thiu ht v hot ng tr li khi nguyn liu c no s lng cn thit. - Cng tc d ng chuyn t ch t ng sang ch khng t ng v ngc li. ch khng t ng my hot ng lin tc. - iu chnh lu lng cn chnh lu lng bng cch chnh bu lng nguyn liu trn cc v c tri y v iu nhau, c th kim tra cc mt v qua lp mica trc mng thnh phm. - Tay quay d ng iu chnh nghing ngang cu mt v chnh. - iu chnh vn tc trn t in vi chu k t 45 n 55 hec chn vn tc thch hp cho vic phn ly thc v go. - Sau chnh v tr mng dn bng cch chnh cc ai c nh lu lng v ph. - iu chnh nghing ca v ph bng cch chnh cc ai c. - Chnh cn iu chnh chn dng thc theo yu cu. - khi my vn hnh phi thng xuyn quan xt qua phu di n hp chia nguyn liu v rc (thng l nhng cng rm nh) s tch t ti y v lm nghn ton phn hoc mt phn li vo ca nguyn liu. iu cn thit nht l dng chy nguyn liu ti c khe ca hp chia nguyn liu phi u nhau, nu nguyn liu ng li ti khe l do rc nm chm phi di lm nghn. dng tay hoc dng c ly rc ra. - My c hai ng ra: + Ng 1: go thnh phm. + Ng 2: go hi. - V ph d ng tch mt ln n a phn thc b loi ra nhm gim t l go cn ln thc.
-

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3.4.6 Trng phn loi. 3.4.6.1 Cu to. - Trng c hnh dng ng tr rng, t hi nghing (5-70). Thnh ng lm bng thp, mt trong c gia cng cc hc lm hnh ti, bn trong c mng hng v vt ti vn chuyn tm ra ngoi. - Mng tm v cc lm bn trong trng. - L lm ca trng c ng knh 4,2mm v 5,2mm.

Hnh 3.13 Cu to trng phn loi 3.4.6.2 c tnh. Bng 3.6 Thng tin my.
Nng sut tn/gi 2,5 - 3 Cn g sut ng c kW 0,75 S vng quay trc chn h r.p.m 40 45 Trng lng my kg 800 Trn g ln g ng gi kg 900 Kch thc tng th (DxRxC) mm 2920x1400x240 0 Kch thc ng gi (DxRxC) mm 3200x1700x20 00

Kiu

LG5 A

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Bo Co Thc Tp
3.4.6.3 Nguyn l. Khi motr quay lm trng quay theo vi vn tc 38 - 47 vng/pht. Hn hp go, tm c a vo trng u cao. Khi tm ri vo cc hc lm v c nng ln theo chiu quay rt vo mng hng tm c vt ti a ra ngai u thp ca trng. Go trt trn cc hc ( y tm) i dn xung di u thp ca trng v a ra ngoi. 3.4.6.4 Vn Hnh. Kim tra v chun b vn hnh : Kim tra chc chn rng b cht t khng b lng, cc rng rc v a xch phi hon ton thng hng. Kim tra v iu chnh cng ca cc dy ai v dy xch. D ng du bi trn dy xch v a xch. Kim tra chiu quay ca sng trng: chiu ng l chiu v bn tri i vi rng rc. Vn hnh : iu chnh dng vt cht bng i trng go vo my c lu lng n nh v thch hp. Kim tra sn phm cui c tho ra t sng trng trn c ng v gia, v quay tay cm chnh gc nghing ca mng bt n v tr tt nht m nhng ht cha tch v ht b v khng b ln trong sn phm cui. 3.4.7 My tch mu. 3.4.7.1 Cu to.

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Hnh 3.14 S cu to my tch mu. 3.4.7.2 c tnh.

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Bng 3.7 Thng tin my. Kiu my Loi my GS 588- AIS My tch mu Tch ht mu trong go xt Cc ng dng chnh Tch ht bc bng trong go xt Tch ht go khng phi go np trong go np Cng sut ti a Ngun in nng Tiu th in nng yu cu Ti a 6.0 tn/gi AC 200V hoc 380 10% 1 Pha 2.4 kW 3.9 kW

Khi lng My nn kh 600~1500 Nl/pht (5.5~11kW) yu cu My ht bi 12m3/pht (0.75kW) T l mng (Chnh:Ph) S camera CCD Trng lng tnh 5:3 8 ci 650

26

Bo Co Thc Tp
3.4.7.3 Nguyn l hot ng. - Ht go c cung cp lin tc qua phu np v mng ri liu chnh, dng lu lng s c chnh li bi mng trt (1). - Lu lng go sau khi c iu chnh s i vo khu vc nhn dng ht vi lu lng khng i. - B phn nhn dng c chiu sng bng 4 n hu nh quang (2) t mt trc v mt sau my cung cp sng tch. n hu nh quang l ngun sng tch ht bc mu hoc bc bng. - Ht go i qua khu vc nhn din s c quan st c mt trc v mt sau. Khi ht bc mu hoc bc bng c nhn dng bi nh sng xuyn qua ht nguyn liu hoc nh sng phn x, chng s c sng hi ca b phn tch ht (5) thi ra khi ng ng thnh phm (6).

Hnh 3.15 Nguyn l tch ht. Tp phm ca ln tch pass 1 s c dn ln mng ri liu ph v tri qua ln tch pass 2 thu hi li nhng ht thnh phm cn ln trong tp phm. Tp phm qua ln tch pass 2 nu vn cn c th thu hi s c vn chuyn tr li phu np liu v tip tc tch.
-

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Hnh 3.16 Nguyn l lm vic ca my tch mu. Thit b v sinh (8) c d ng lm sch mt knh chn bi m bo tnh n nh cho hot ng tch ht. 3.4.6.4 Vn hnh. - Bt u vn hnh cc thit b ph kin nh my nn kh, my ht bi, bng chuyn ti - Ci t p sut kh ti mc 0.25Mpa (2.5 kg/cm3). - Bt cng tc ngun ca b phn my chnh. - Nhn SYSTEM SETTING v chn sorting variety. - Nu chng loi ht v cc gi tr c ci t trc ca n c lu trc, chn chng loi tch ht bng mn hnh Thay i Chng Loi. - Tip theo chn loi hnh tch ht t y theo nguyn liu trn mn hnh SYSTEM SETTING. - Ch tch ht c th phi hp nh sau: + Go bc mu + Go bc bng v go ln trong np + Mi ch tch c th c vn hnh ring bit. Khi ng trc khi tach mu: Mt khong 20 pht n n nh. Khng nn khi ng mng ri liu trong vng 20 pht sau khi bt cng tc ngun. Khi ng my lnh nhit khong 250C. Kim tra tng ci t trong mn hnh SYSTEM SETTING: Kim tra bt cng tc ngun ca u bn hi cha.
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Ci t thi gian hot ng chi v sinh. thi gian hot ng ngng ngn hn nu nguyn liu ln nhiu bi v cm. Thi gian c thit lp ph thuc vo bn ca b mt knh khu vc d liu. Np go vo trong th ng np liu. iu chnh nn: Khi nguyn liu c np vo my, iu chnh tt c sng nguyn liu sao cho n nm trn v di ng s 0 nh hnh

Hnh 3.17 Sng sensor (CCD) tch ht bc bng. nhy i vi go bc mu sm th hin vic sng sensor nm di ng gi tr 0. nhy i vi go bc mu sng th hin vic sng sensor nm trn ng gi tr 0. iu chnh lu lng v nhy: iu chnh nhy bng cch xem xt sn phm t hng ra ht thnh phm. Ch nhy vt qu mc th t l bn trong ht tp phm s gim. Sau khi xc nh nhy, tng dn lu lng cho n khi t gi tr mong mun. Xc nh sng cm bin c bnh thng trn Mn Hnh Qun L Nn khng, nu ht tp phm ln trong thnh phm tng trong trng hp lu lng tng ln. Nu b cm bin bnh thng, tng nhy ln mt cht. Cn nu iu kin hot ng khng c ci thin th gim lu lng xung. Ch : - Cn thn ng u bn hi hat ng qu ti khi lu lng nguyn liu v nhy ang c iu chnh. - Tui th hot ng ca u bn hi s rt ngn nu thi gian hot ng nhiu. - Tui th hot ng ca u bn hi l 5 nm hoc t 1 t ln bn.

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- Trong trng hp cc ci t hin thi c ci t trc, copy n cc chng loi trong Mn hnh Thay i Chng Loi nguyn liu nu cn ghi nh. - Trong trng hp iu kin tch ht khng ci thin mc d iu chnh nn, lu lng v nhy th phi xem li thi gian ngh ca u bn hi c th khng ng v mt nguyn nhn no . iu chnh thi gian ngh kim tra cc hng mc sau: Lu lng go mng c b xo trn v b nght cm khng? C bt k vt bn no trn mt knh trong b phn d nhp liu khng? C bt k chng ngi no nh cm bm li ch chy xung khng? Phng php iu chnh thi gian ngh ca u bn hi: Kim tra xem vic tch ht c din ra bnh thng v ng khng bng cch nguyn liu b loi xung t nh mng. Sau , tm gi tr ci t ti u bng cch tin hnh tinh chnh trong sut qu trnh vn hnh thc t. Vic kim tra s c thc hin vo lc ci t ch vn hnh thc t. Cn bng lu lng ca ln tch ht ln 1 v ln 2. iu c bn l c 2 ln tch 1 v 2 s c hon thnh c ng lc. Nu khi lng b loi ca ln tch ht u qu nhiu th nguyn liu cn li trong th ng s c tch ln 2, v ln tch ht th 2 vn tip tc din ra khi ln tch ht u kt thc. iu ny c ngha l cng cut s thp. Ci t lu lng v nhy ln tch ht chnh v ph c th hon thnh c ng lc. 3.5 S c v cch khc phc. 3.5.1 Sn tp cht. S c Nguyn nhn Cch sa cha

1. Go trng

b Qu ti. L sng b nght.

Gim bt lng np liu. V sinh mt sng.

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3.5.2 My xt go.

S kin 1. tut

Nguyn nhn

Cch sa cha

Nguyn liu b Khng nguyn liu

2. Cm ng trn cnh li. 3. Go xt trng skhng iu. Hao cao su. My b rung.

4 5

6 My b rung nh v c ting ku u.

Go b gy u.

Nng sut km.

9 cm.

Qut b ng

Np liu. Nu khng liu th h trc xt t mc 1,5 xung 1. Nu tnh trng vn cn, thay li loi c nng xut thp. Go c m Chy vi lu lng va y ct cao, cm do. go kim tra sn phm bng cch nhn vo phn pha trn ca li. h gi a cnh Tho bt thanh chm hai bn ca li v qu khung li sao cho h khong mc quy nh. 1mm. Li khng ph i li. hp. Trc xt khng Tho trc xt ra v cn bng li. cn ng. My b kt hoc Thay day cu-roa, nu khng trc b ng t ngt chnh ca my s b h. trong khi vn hnh lm dy cu-roa b khuyt. h gia cao iu chnh h cho thch hp. su v trc xt cho my chy khng ti, a cao qu ln. su tin vo chm trc xt, sau b r mt. a cao su l i ra ng 1 vng da theo trn vch ban u ca bnh vt Go c m Phi lm gim m cng on qu cao. trc. B mt b Thay . ng cm dn n hin tng b chai. Cm t v hm Lm sch. lng du trong cm cao.

3.5.3 My lau bng go.

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S kin 1. Go khng bng Nguyn nhn Bn trong trc chnh b ng cm. ng thng gi ca dao b cm ng bt. V tr chu nc khng ng. Lng nc khng ph hp. Cch khc phc lm sch.

iu chnh v tr thch hp. iu chnh lng nc. 2. Go bng khng Go c m cao. Lm gim m iu, c sc v nng. Lng nc khng . cng on Chy nng sut qu cao. trc. Lc nn ca qu cn cao. iu chnh lng nc. iu chnh lu lng go. Gim lc nn ca qu cn. 3. My b rung khi Lng go qu t v thiu lc Tng lng go, c nguyn liu. nn ca qu cn. tng lc nn. 4. p sut Lc nc b nght. my bm nc thp. Van hi nc m qu nhiu. 5. p sut bm nc ch ng nhng khng c nc. 6. my bm nc chy nhng kim ng h khng ln. 7. bc phun tt nhng ng h khng ln. 8. M cng tc khi ng nhng my khng vn hnh. Nght bc. C bt kh trong ng nc. ng h b hng. ng h b hng. Thay th. Gim bt. Thng bc. nc y ui kh ra. Thay ng h. Thay th.

Ngun in khng yu Kim tra li in cu (mt pha hay st p). th ca 3 pha, sit Cng tc khi ng b t cc b lon, vt sit dy hoc b d khng tip p. in c. Kim tra li cc dy dn inv cng tc khi ng. 9. Ngng vn hnh in ngun thp qu mc Tt in ngun t ngt. yu cu, gy qu ti. vo my, m iu hanh my khng ng khung li lm gy qua ti sch, khi ng my li.

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10. n bo khng Dy dn in t, bng n Kim tra dy dn sng. hng in, nu tt th thay n mi. 11. M dao in B lon, vt sit cp trong Sit b lon, vt chnh, cc n bo pha bng iu khin b lng. cho chc li u sng, volt k ch th dy cp n t in th yu cu, nhng dao in vo u ton b my khng vn cc cng tc t. hnh hoc khng bnh thng. 3.5.4 My tch thc. S kin 1. Hp chia nguyn liu b ng rc. Lu lng go trn cc Kim tra ng vo xem c 2. Go thnh phm v khng u. nght do tp cht hay cm ln nhiu thc. Vn tc khng ph hp. khng. Chnh vn tc ph hp. iu chnh s phn chia go thnh phm v go hi trn vch thc cho ph hp Do mi trng bn Lm sch v. 3. Trn v gn b ngoi. ng cm. Nguyn nhn Go b ln tp cht ln. Cch sa cha Lm sch go.

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3.6 Sn phm v bo qun. 3.6.1 Sn Phm. - Sn phm chnh: Go trng xut khu cht lng cao. T y theo yu cu ca khch hng, x nghip sn xut cc loi go khc nhau t 5-25% tm, tm, tm thm, go Jasmine, ST, 4900, thm li - Sn phm ph: tm, cm. 3.6.2 bo qun. - Go bo qun trong kho di dng bao khng nn bo qun di dng ri. - Kho bo qun phi bo m cc yu cu sau: Khng b ht, dt khi ma bo. Sn v tng phi bo m chng thm, chng dt tt. Bo m thong, mt. Hn ch s ly nhim ca su mt, nm mc, chut v cc loi cn tr ng khc. - Trc khi cht cy, kho phi c qut dn, lm v sinh sau lt tm bt hay pallet. - L go xp cch tng 0.5-0.8m, khong cch gia hai l t nht l 0,3 0,5m, dy cch dy 2 3m d kim tra trong qu trnh lu kho. S lng mi l hng khng qu 300 tn.

Hnh 3.18 Cch cht cy. - Go a vo bo qun phi m bo t tiu chun m khng ln hn 15,5%. Nu m ln hn 15,5% phi xp ring bo qun tm thi ch x l hoc tiu th ngay. - nh k kim tra go t 3-5 ngy mt ln v phi ghi vo s gim st vi ni dung sau: + Tnh trng, s bin i ca cht lng go.
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+ Mt su mt. - Phi thng xuyn v sinh nh kho, v sinh l hng, mi trng xung quanh kho, khng nc ng xung quanh nh kho - M c a thng gi t nhin khi ngoi tri t cc iu kin sau: Tri nng ro, khng ma. m khng kh ngoi tri khng qu 80% - Khi mt su mt qu 3 con (cn sng) trong 1kg go (ly mu ni c mt cao nht) th phi x l st tr ng ngay bng cc loi thuc cho php v tun th theo cc quy trnh do c quan chc nng quy nh, hoc do c quan chuyn ngnh st trng. - Hin nay nh my s dng thuc dit cn tr ng loi ALP (Aluminium phosphide) AlP + H2O -> Al(OH3) + PH3 - Go xut khu phi c xng thuc theo yu cu ca khch hng. Vic xng thuc do c quan chuyn ngnh thc hin. Ha cht c s dng l photphin hoc metylbromide hoc kt hp c hai. - Go c ng bao v xp thnh khi, sau c ch m kn thuc vo trong. PH3 nng hn khng kh, s i t trn xung, thi gian tr m bt thuc khong 24-48h. Sau thi gian c quan thng tr ng s xung ht cc kh c cn li v m bt thng thong khong 6h th c th xut go i c.

Hnh 3.19 Trm kn dit cn trng.

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- PH3 dng vin c trn khi go s kt hp vi nc phn hy t t, thp dn xung di. Thi gian khong 72h, liu lng d ng 4 10g/m3 go. 3.6.3 Vn chuyn sn phm - Go c vn chuyn bng ghe, tu. - Phng tin vn chuyn go phi kh, sch, khng c m i l, khng b nhim phn bn, thuc tr su v cc loi ha cht, xng du, cn tr ng, su mt. - Phng tin vn chuyn go phi mui, bt, cc trang thit b an ton bo m chng thm. - Khng c xp go ngoi tri khi c ma. 4. Cng tc kim nghim la go. 4.1 Cc dng c. 4.1.1 My o m (my kett). vic xc nh m ca khi lng thc c nhanh chng v chnh xc ta d ng my o m. Sau khi khi ng my yn my trong khong 5 giy, kim tra xem mn hnh c hin y cc k hiu hay khng, nu cc k hiu m khng thy r ta phi tin hnh thay pin ngay. Mu sau khi c ly xong ta trn u v dng mung xc mu a vo ngn cha mu (nu l la chn Paddy, go chn Rice ...) dng tay vn tht cht n ch stop v yn 5 giy mn hnh hin ln m, thc hin 3 - 5 ln, sau n nt Ave ly kt qu trung bnh.

Hnh 4.1 My Kett. 4.1.2 Xin go. L mt dng c ly mu hnh tr rng, mt u lm bng kim loi nhn gi l u xin cn u kia lm bng sng hoc cao su gi l cn xin. Khi s dng xin, xin c cm cn thn tay thun, c bn tay gi cht xin, ngn ci v ngn danh bt l xin ri lt p li n mnh vo bao go, sau ng a mt xin

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ln, mi xin khi m vo bao khong 450 ri rt xin ra khi bao go v dng mi xin gt l hn trn bao go, th lng ngn t v ngn danh ra go chy vo lng bn tay. Kim tra cc ch tiu ngay ti ch hoc em v phng phn tch.

Hnh 4.2 Xin go. 4.1.3 Thc o tm. Thc ny gip ta xc nh c chiu di, rng ca ht go v tm, t gip ta phn loi v kim tra cc ht c kch thc khc nhau mt cch r rng, nhanh chng vi chnh xc cao. Dng kp gp, gp tm hoc go a vo khe h ca thc o v c kch thc trn, ta o c kch thc ht go hoc tm.

Hnh 4.3 Thc o tm.

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4.1.4 Sn bt tm. c lm bng gang trng hoc st c cc l lm trn mt sng gip ta bt tm d dng. S dng bng cch cn chnh xc mt lng mu ln mt sng, hai tay cm u trn ca mt sng, t nghing 450 lc qua li nhiu ln cho go trt qua cc hc lm, cn tm c gi li cc l lm.

Hnh 4.4 Sng bt tm 4.1.5 Cn phn tch. L dng c cn mu vi trng lng ti a l 120g vi sai lch l 0,1g Cch s dng: Khi cn cn mu ta n nt on/take khi ng. Sau dng c ng mu ln ri n nt on/Take 1 ln na tr b dng c ri cho mu vo cn v c s hin th trn mn hnh. Ch khi cn cn chn gi v gi s lm sai lch kt qu.

Hnh 4.5 Cn phn tch

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4.2 Phng php kim nghim cht lng go.

- Mun nh gi chnh xc phm cht ca khi lng thc no ( trong kho, trn phng tin vn chuyn, trong cc dng c cha ng,) th yu cu ly mu tht i din khch quan, chnh xc tin hnh phn tch. - i vi khi lng thc, nu mu lng thc ly mt vi ch th vic nh gi khng ng cht lng v n khng mang tnh i din. Nu ly ht c khi th qu nhiu, chng ta khng c kh nng lm c, mt khc li mt nhiu thi gian. V vy m bo kt qu chnh xc trong khim nghim ngi ta ra cc phng php ly mu hng lng thc ty theo cch thc bo qun, cha ng, sao cho t c mt mu hng lng thc t yu cu. - Khi ly mu lng thc phi ht sc thn trng, ng yu cu k thut, nu khng mu s khng i din, khng khch quan v vic phn tch d c lm tinh vi, thn trng, chnh xc n u nhng kt qu thu c cng khng phn nh ng phm cht ca khi lng thc. Cc bc tin hnh phn tch. - bc 1: Trn u mu. - Bc 2: Chia mu lm 4 ri ly xem k v i v tr ly. Lp li bc 1 v 2 cho n khi cn lng va . - Bc 3: Cn ly u 25g mu. 4.2.1 Xc nh t l tm. - Ty theo tiu chun ca mi quc gia hay yu cu n hng m ta chn kch thc tm cho ph hp, thng l: 5.1mm i vi go thm; 3.72mm tiu chun tm Vit Nam; 4.13mm tiu chun tm ca Indo Go 5% tm, kch thc tm 4.65mm hay 40% ht nguyn. Go 10% tm, kch thc tm 4.34mm. Go 15% tm, kch thc tm 4.03mm. Go 20% tm, kch thc tm 3.92mm. Go 25% tm, kch thc tm 3.62mm.

4.2.1.1 Tin hnh. - Sau khi cn 25g mu ri tri ln sng bt tm v sng vi tch nhng ht gy ra. Chn li nhng ht c kch thc nghi ng l tm v o li bng thc o tm.

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4.2.1.2 Tnh ton. Ly nhng ht lt qua thc (a) v mang i cn li. Tnh ton nh sau.

a.100 25

Trong : a :l s gram tm di kch thc tiu chun. x :l t l phm trm tm c trong mu. 4.2.2 Xc nh t l su bnh, ht vng. l nhng ht: C l kim en, ht vt vng hay vng ton ht, nhng ht mang mu khc Ty vo hp ng m t l ht su bnh, ht vng trong t l cho php. Thng l 3.5 % i vi np, 4% i vi go thm. 4.2.2.1 Tin hnh. Sau khi cn 25g mu ri tri ln bng trng xem, dng nhp kp la chn nhng ht khng t yu cu, ri sau mang i cn. 4.2.2.2 Tnh ton. Ly nhng ht c mu l (b) mang i cn. Tnh ton nh sau.

b.100 25

Trong : b :l s gram ht su bnh, vng. y :l t l phn trm ht su bnh. 4.2.3 Xc nh t l bc bng. l nhng ht: b trng c tm ht go chim t l ht tr ln, nguyn nhn l do ht la ban u cha chn ti. Ty vo hp ng m t l ht bc bng s c gii hn mc no . Thng l 5% i vi go 5% tm. 4.2.2.1 Tin hnh. Sau khi cn 25g mu ri tri ln bng en xem, dng nhp kp la chn nhng htbc bng c t l tr ln, ri i cn. 4.2.2.2 Tnh ton. Ly nhng ht trn (b) mang i cn. Tnh ton nh sau.

c.100 25

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Trong : c :l s gram ht bc bng. z :l t l phn trm ht bc bng. 4.2.4 Xc nh ln. y l ch tiu rt quan trng i vi go thm ( Jasmine, ST, Thm li) n quyt nh cht lng go v rt kh nhn bit bng mt, i hi nhn vin KCS phi lm thc nghim nh gi xc thc. ln hay ht ln l nhng ht khng phi go ang quan tm. Thng l nhng ht la lai, nhng ht thuc ging khc do thng li c tnh trn vo. ln thng nm trong khong cho php l 8 12 ht/100 ht. Cng t y ph thuc v hp ng vi khch hng vi t l no . 4.2.4.1 Tin hnh. - T 25g mu tin hnh chia i ln n a, hay tin hnh chia li t mu ban un khi cn li mt lng va . Bc 4: Chn 100 ht nguyn (l nhng ht go 9/10 tr ln) Bc 5: Cch nu l i nc si nhiu th cho vo nu. Nu ng 17 pht ri vt ra. Bc 6: Sau khi nu th sp ra tm PE trong ri p xem ln. Lu : Chia cng nh th mc tin cy cng cao. Qu trnh lm phi trn tht u. Thi gian chnh xc l 17 pht, v trong lc nu khng y kn. Duy tr nhit . Ht ln l nhng ht cn vt trng c (cha tan). Ch p dng phng php ny cho go ST, Jasmine, thm li

Hnh 4.6 ln 4.2.5 Mu sc, mi, v.

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Mu, mi, v ca go l nhng ch tiu cm quan nh gi cht lng mt mu go no .Thng thng, go c mu trng c, trng trong (trng du, trng giy): mi v thm c trng cho tng loi ca go. Tuy nhin t y theo iu kin m mu sc, mi v ca go c thay i. Go lc (go bc v tru) c mu xm ng, go xt di th mu trng ng, go xt k th mu trng, go qua lau bng c bng, sng. Go mi ch bin c m i thm, sau mt thi gian bo qun s mt mi dn mi v thm. Mu, m i, v khc thng l do qu trnh, iu kin bo qun khng c tt, go m t, bc nng, men mc, sinh vt ph hoi.
4.2.4.1 Cnh tin hnh

- Mu: dn khong 100g go mu thnh mt lp phng mng trn tm knh, di lt giy en, bng en hoc mt phng mu sm. quan st mu sc go bng nh sng ban ngy hoc bng n neon. Cng c th xem trc tip ti ni ly mu, biu th bng mu trng c, trng trong, trng giy. - Mi: mi loi go c mi v ring bit, go c m i thm c trng, go c c mi i kht, hi mc. Ly 20g mu dn ln giy sch xc nh mi. C th tng cm gic mi bng cch cho go vo chn s y np, un cch thy 5 pht sau ngi m i bay ra. Cng c th ngi mi trc tip ti ni ly mu. - V: thng thng khi mu sc, m i thay i th v s thay i theo. Nhai 1 2 mu go, mi mu 1g. Nu cn v ca go c xc nh bng v ca cho. 5. Phng phn u trn go.

Vic u trn c s dng rng ri trong cc nh my v t hiu qu. u trn l phi trn tm vi go hoc go vi go nhm nng cao cht lng sn phm, cho ra go thnh phm t yu cu khch hng. Thng thng c 2 cch phi trn: u trn bng tay v u trn bng my v cch tin hnh nh sau: Sau khi kim tra cht lng cc l hng v so snh vi cc ch tiu trong hp ng, ta a ra t l u trn cho ph hp ri tin hnh ch o cho cng nhn cho go vo thng cha ca my theo ng t l tnh. Thc t vic u trn khng theo qui tc m ch da vo phm cht ca tng loi go m c t l u trn thch hp. H thng gm 3 th ng u trn (i khi s dng thm thng th 4). Go c cho vo cc thng (go cho vo c 3 thng nu trn go v go cho vo 2 thng cng thng tm nu go u trn vi tm). Sau khi cho go vo

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thng cha theo ng t l u trn qua bng ti v c gu ti chuyn ln sng. Ti sng nh c rung ng m go c trn u ln nhau ng thi tp cht (su mt, bi bn, dy,) v tm mn cng c tch ra sng ny. Thng th 4 d ng trong trng hp cn u trn nguyn liu go vi s lng t m khng nh hng n cht lng go thnh phm. T l cc loi nguyn liu cn phi trn cn ph thuc vo van iu chnh, lu lng go, van ny nm pha di thng cha go u. Ngoi ra h thng cn c lp qut ht bi trnh cho h thng khi b tc nghn. Trong qu trnh u trn th khng th kim tra t l tm chnh xc nn i hi ngi ph trch phi thng xuyn phn tch mu go thnh phm. Nhng vi s lng go u trn ln th cn c ngi kim nghim c tay ngh cao iu chnh kp thi khi c sai xt xy ra. V d thc t: Cn c 30 tn go 25% tm, nhng trong kho c cc l go thnh phm 100% tm, 20% tm. Ta c: Go 20% tm, nu i go 25% tm th cn 15%. Go 100% tm, nu i go 25% tm th cn 85%. M tiu chun go 25% tm tng ng vi 40% ht nguyn. S dng quy tc ng cho ta c:

25.30 10.7 tan 70 45.30 23.6 tan Lng go 85% tm cn l 70

Lng go 15% tm cn l

Vy s u theo t l 2.2 : 1 Tc l: Go 20% tm 2.2 ln hay 23.6 tn. Go 100% tm 1 ln hay 10.7 tn.

6.

Nhn xt v kt lun Qua thi gian thc tp ti X Nghip Ch Bin Lng Thc Xut Khu Ha Bnh.V bn thn em hc hi c nhiu iu b ch t thc t. Ly l thuyt hc p dng thc tin .V t thc t gii thch c nhiu iu
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l thuyt cha gii thch c .T b sung cho nhau hon chnh kin thc hn. X Nghip Ch Bin Lng Thc Xut Khu Ha Bnh, mc d l mt x nghip thnh lp khng lu nhng cng thu c mt phn khng nh ngoi t cho nc nh gp phn vo s pht trin ca t nc. ng thi x nghip ra i cng gii quyt c ngun lao ng ti a phng, to ra cng n vic lm cho nhiu ngi, v cng gp phn gip cho la go tnh nh v cc tnh ln cn c a ra th trng quc t. Lm nn thng hiu go Vit Nam trn th gii v cng gip cho ngnh nng nghip nc nh ngy cng pht trin. Qua qu trnh thc tp ti x nghip, bn thn em nhn thy c s thun li v kh khn ca nh my. Nn c mt s nhn xt nh sau: * Thun li - c s quan tm ch o ca ng v nh nc v ban lnh o ca tng cng ty trong cng tc xut khu go v mua tm tr go quc gia. - Bo tn v pht trin vn, gii quyt n nh i sng cho mi ngi . - C cu b tr lm vic tng i hp l. - Trang thit b, my mc t ng hin i . - i ng cn b cng nhn tng i lnh ngh, c kinh nghim sn xut, qun l, nhit tnh trong cng vic. - Nguyn liu di do, m bo ngay c khi khng vo v. - Thun li v giao thng c ng thy ln b. - Dy chuyn t ng hin i, p ng c nhu cu sn xut ln. * Kh khn - Mc d giao thng ng thy rt thun li v tip gip vi sng Hu mt nhnh sng ln ca ng bng sng C u Long. Nhng ch thun li cho cc ghe c trng ti khong < 1000 tn. Cn cc x lan > 1000 tn th vic vo bn rt kh khn, thm ch l khng vo c do nh hng cc b c xung quanh lm cho bn hp. - Bn cn, vic ln go gp nhiu kh khn.

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- Vic thc hin v sinh trong nh my cha tt, mt s b cha thm ch khng y li u ny lm cho cn trng, chut b v bi ti nhim li. - Cha c cn tin cng nhn n, ngh tra. - Vn thc bo v ti sn cng ty ca cng nhn cn km, tinh thn lm vic cha cao dn n tht thot go lc chuyn go t ghe ln kho. - Thng th vo v sc cha ca kho khng . * Kin ngh - Thc hnh v sinh tt trong nh my. - Gii ta cc b c xung quanh m rng bn . - No vt, ht bn ti bn gip ghe c th vo ngay c khi nc cn. - M rng din tch kho v thm vi b cha tng nng lc sn xut.

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