Chng 2: Lin kt

V d 2.1:
Kim tra kh nng chu lc cho lin kt hn i u ni 2 bn thp c kch thc (320x12)mm
nh hnh v 2.12. Bit lin kt chu lc ko N=120KN c t lch tm 1 on e = 10cm. S dng vt
liu thp CCT34s c f=2100daN/cm2; que hn N42 c fwt = 1800 daN/cm2; C =1;
Bi lm:
Do lc trc t lch tm 1 on e = 10cm, sinh ra mmen:
M = Ne = 120.10 = 1200 KNcm = 120000 daNcm.

N=120KN

12

e=100

Mmen khng un ca ng hn:

l w2 h f
29,6 2.1,2
Ww =
=
= 175,23(cm 2 )
6
6

320

N=120KN
286

lw = b 2t = 32 2.1,2 = 29,6 cm;

12

Chiu di tnh ton ca ng hn:

12

Din tch ca ng hn:

Aw = lw.t = 29,6.1,2 = 35,52 (cm2)

Hnh 2.12

Kh nng chu lc ca ng hn:

M N 120000 12000
+ =
+
= 1022,65 (daN / cm 2 ) < f wt c = 1800(daN / cm 2 )
W A 175,23 35,52

Vy lin kt m bo kh nng chu lc.

V d 2.2:
Xc nh lc ln nht tc dng ln lin kt hn i u xin ni 2 bn thp c kch thc
(320x12)mm nh hnh v 2.13. Bit gc nghing = 450. S dng vt liu thp CCT34 c f=2100
daN/cm2; que hn N42 c fwt=1800daN/cm2; C=1; fv=1250daN/cm2
Bi lm:
Chiu di thc t ca ng hn: ltt = (b/sin450) = 45,25 cm;
Chiu di tnh ton ca ng hn: lw = ltt 2t = 45,25 2.1,2 = 42,85 cm;
12

Din tch ca ng hn:

320

N=?

45

12

f .A
1800.1.51,42
N 1 wt c w =
= 130894daN 1309KN (1)
cos
2 /2

452

12

ng sut php trn ng hn i u xin:

N cos
=
f wt c
Aw

.5

Aw = lw.t = 42,85.1,2 = 51,42 (cm2)

ng sut tip trn ng hn i u xin:

f .A
N sin
1250.1.51,42
=
f v c N 2 v c w =
= 90898daN 909KN ( 2)
Aw
sin
2/2

T (1) v (2), ta c lc ln nht tc dng ln lin kt l:

Nmax = min (N1, N2) = 909 KN
V d 2.3:
Kim tra kh nng chu lc cho lin kt hn gc cnh ni 2 bn thp c kch thc (320x12)mm,
lin kt s dng 2 bn ghp c kch thc (300x8)mm nh hnh v 2.13. Bit lc ko tnh ton N = 1800
KN, chiu cao ng hn hf=10mm; chiu di thc t ca ng hn ltt = 400mm; S dng vt liu thp
CCT34 c f=2100 daN/cm2; que hn N42 c fwf = 1800 daN/cm2; fws=1500daN/cm2; f=0,7; s= 1; C=1;
ltt=400

N=180KN

t1 t1=10

t2=12

b2=320

50

b1=300

ltt=400

Hnh 2.13
Bi lm:
a, Kim tra bn cho bn ghp:
Abg = 2.0,8.30 = 48 (cm2) > A = 32.1,2 = 38,4 (cm2)
Vy bn ghp m bo iu kin bn.
b, Kim tra kh nng chu lc cho lin kt:
Chiu di tnh tan ca 1 ng hn: lf = ltt 1 = 40 -1 = 39 (cm)
Din tch tnh ton ca cc ng hn:Af = lf. hf = 4.39.1 = 156 (cm2)
Ta c: (fw)min = min (f fwf; s fws) = min (1800.0,7; 1500.1) = 1260 (daN/cm2)
Kh nng chu lc ca lin kt:
=

N
180000
=
= 1153,85 ( daN / cm 2 ) ( f w )min c = 1260( daN / cm 2 )
A
156
f

Vy lin kt m bo kh nng chu lc.

V d 2.4:
Thit k lin kt hn gc cnh ni 2 bn thp c kch thc (320x12)mm, lin kt s dng 2 bn
ghp c kch thc (300x10)mm nh hnh v 2.14. Bit lc ko tnh ton N = 1200 KN. S dng vt
liu thp CCT34 c f=2100 daN/cm2; que hn N42 c fwf = 1800 daN/cm2; fws = 1500 daN/cm2; f=0,7;
s= 1; C=1;
Bi lm:
a, Kim tra bn cho bn ghp:Abg = 2.1.30 = 60 (cm2) > A = 32.1,2 = 38,4 (cm2)

ltt=?

50

ltt=?

Vi chiu dy tm thp c bn l 12mm v thp bn

N=120KN

b2=320

b, Xc nh chiu di ng hn:

b1=300

Vy bn ghp m bo iu kin bn.

t2=12

m bo iu kin:
hfmin =6(mm) < hf =10 (mm) < hfmax =1,2tmin = 12 (mm).

t1 t1=10

ghp l 10mm, chn chiu cao ng hn hf = 10mm

Ta c: (fw)min = min (f fwf; s fws) = min (1800.0,7; 1500.1) = 1260 (daN/cm2) Hnh 2.14
Tng chiu di cn thit ca ng hn lin kt:
=

N
N
N
120000
=
( f w )min c l f
=
= 95,24(cm)
(f w )min c h f 1260.1.1
Af l f h f

Chiu di thc t ca 1 ng hn: lf = (lf/4) + 1 =95,24/4 + 1 25 (cm)

V d 2.5:
Xc nh lc ln nht tc dng ln lin kt hn gc u ni 2 bn thp c kch thc
(450x16)mm, lin kt s dng 2 bn ghp c kch thc (450x12)mm nh hnh v 2.15. Bit lc ko
tnh ton N (KN) c t lch tm 1 on e = 10 cm. S dng vt liu thp CCT34 c f=2100 daN/cm2;
que hn N42 c fwf = 1800 daN/cm2; fws = 1500 daN/cm2; f=0,7; s= 1; C=1;
N

t1 t1=12

t2=16

e=100

b=450

N=?

Hnh 2.15
Bi lm:
a, Kim tra bn cho bn ghp:Abg = 2.1,2.45 = 108 (cm2) > A = 45.1,4 = 72 (cm2)
Vy bn ghp m bo iu kin bn.
b, Xc nh ni lc ln nht:
Vi chiu dy tm thp c bn l 16mm v thp bn ghp l 12mm, chn chiu cao ng hn hf =
14mm m bo iu kin:
hfmin =6(mm) < hf =14 (mm) < hfmax =1,2tmin = 14,4 (mm).
Ta c: (fw)min = min (f fwf; s fws) = min (1800.0,7; 1500.1) = 1260 (daN/cm2)
Chiu di thc t ca 1 ng hn:lw(tt) = b- 1 = 45 1 = 44 (cm)
Din tch tnh ton ca cc ng hn trong lin kt: Af =lw hf =2.44.1,4 = 123,2 (cm2)
Mmen khng un ca cc ng hn trong lin kt:
l 2f .h f

2.44 2.1,4
W
=
=
= 903,5(cm 3 )
f
6
6
Do lc trc t lch tm 1 on e = 10cm, sinh ra mmen:

M = Ne = N.10 = 10N (KNcm) = 1000N (daNcm).

T iu kin bn cho lin kt:
N
M
N
N .e
=
+
=
+
(f w )min c
Af W f Af W f
Ta c, lc ln nht tc dng ln lin kt:
(f w )min c
1260.1
N
=
65677 (daN ) 657( KN )
1
e
1
10
+
+
A f W f 123,2 + 903,5

V d 2.6:
Thit k lin kt hn gc cnh ni 2 thp gc L 100x75x8, lin kt cnh di, vi bn thp c
chiu dy t=10mm. Bit lc ko tnh ton N = 400(KN). S dng vt liu thp CCT34 c f=2100
daN/cm2; que hn N42 c fwf=1800daN/cm2; fws = 1500 daN/cm2; f=0,7; s= 1; C=1;
s

lf

L100x75x8

N=400KN

lf

t=10

Hnh 2.16
Bi lm:
Vi chiu dy tm thp l 10mm v thp gc ghp l 8mm, chn chiu cao ng hn hfs = 8mm, hfm =
6mm m bo iu kin:
hfmin =4(mm) < hfs =8 (mm) < hfmax =1,2tmin = 9,6 (mm).
hfmin =4(mm) < hfm =6 (mm) < hfmax =1,2tmin = 9,6 (mm).
Ta c: (fw)min = min (f fwf; s fws) = min (1800.0,7; 1500.1) = 1260 (daN/cm2)
Ni lc ng hn sng chu: Ns = kN = 0,6N = 240 (KN)
Ni lc ng hn mp chu: Nm = (1-k)N = 0,4N = 160 (KN)
Tng chiu di tnh ton ca ng hn sng:
N
24000
l sf (f ) s h s = 1260.1.0,8 40cm
w min c f
Tng chiu di tnh ton ca ng hn mp:
N
16000
l mf (f ) m h m = 1260.1.0,6 22cm
w min c f
Vy, chiu di thc t ca 1 ng hn sng:

lfs = ( lfs)/2 + 1 = 21 (cm)

Chiu di thc t ca 1 ng hn mp:

lfm = ( lfm)/2 + 1 = 12 (cm)

V d 2.7:
Kim tra kh nng chu lc cho lin kt bulng ni 2 bn thp c kch thc (400x16)mm, lin
kt s dng 2 bn ghp c kch thc (400x12)mm nh hnh v 2.17. Bit lc ko tnh ton N = 2000

KN c t lch tm 1 on e=5cm. S dng vt liu thp CCT34 c f=2100 daN/cm2; s dng bulng
thng c cp bn 4.6 c fvb = 1500 daN/cm2; fcb = 3950 daN/cm2; ng knh bulng d=22mm;
C=1;

Hnh 2.17

Bi lm:
a, Kim tra bn cho bn ghp:

60 60 60 60 60 60 60

Vy bn ghp m bo iu kin bn.

b, Kim tra kh nng chu lc cho lin kt:
Kh nng chu ct ca 1 bulng trong lin kt:

[N]vb=n v. Ab. b. f vb =2.3,8.0,9.1500=10260 (daN)

Kh nng chu p mt ca 1 bulng trong lin kt:
[N]cb=d.(t)min. b. f cb=2,2.1,5.0,9.3950=11731,5(daN)

e=50
50 60 60 60 60 60 50

Abg = 2.1,2.40 = 96 (cm2) > A = 1,6.40 = 64 (cm2)

N=2000KN

Kh nng chu lc nh nht ca bulng:

[N]bmin = min([N]vb, [N]cb) = 10260 (daN)
Do lc trc t lch tm 1 on e = 5cm, sinh ra
mmen:
M = Ne = N.5 = 2000.5 (KNcm) = 100000 (daNcm).
Lc ln nht tc dng ln dgy bulng ngoi cng do mmen gy ra:
M .l1
1000000.30
N bM =
= 2
= 23809,5(daN )
2
li 30 + 182 + 62
Lc ln nht tc dng ln 1 bulng trong lin kt:
N
N 23809,6 100000
+
= 9524( daN ) < [N ]b min = 10260( daN )
N b = bM + =
6
36
n1
n
Trong : n1 s bulng trn 1 dgy.
Vy, lin kt m bo kh nng chu lc.
V d 2.8:
Thit k lin kt bulng ni 2 bn thp c kch thc (400x16)mm, lin kt s dng 2 bn ghp,
chu lc ko tnh ton N = 900 KN t ng tm. S dng vt liu thp CCT34 c f=2100 daN/cm2; s
dng bulng thng cp bn 4.6 c fvb = 1500 daN/cm2; fcb = 3950 daN/cm2; C=1;
Bi lm:
a, Kim tra bn cho bn ghp:
Chn 2 bn ghp c kch thc (400x12)mm m bo iu kin:
Abg = 2.1,2.40 = 96 (cm2) > A = 1,6.40 = 64 (cm2)
Vy bn ghp m bo iu kin bn.
b, Thit k lin kt:
Chn bulng c ng knh d=20mm.
Kh nng chu ct ca 1 bulng trong lin kt:

[N]vb = n v. Ab. b. f vb = 2.3,14.0,9.1500 = 8478 (daN)

Kh nng chu p mt ca 1 bulng trong lin kt:
[N]cb = d.(t)min. b. f cb = 2.4.0,9.3950 = 28440 (daN)
Kh nng chu lc nh nht ca bulng:
S lng bulng cn thit trong lin kt:
N
90000
n=
=
= 10,6
[N ]b min 8478
Chn 12 bulng v b tr nh hnh v.

100

50

50 50 50 50

100

N=1000KN

t1 t1=12

t2=16

50

100

Hnh 2.18
Kim tra bn cho bn ghp:
Ahn = A -Agy = 40.1,6 4.2,2.1,6 = 49,92 (cm2)
N
90000
=
=
= 1802,9(daN / cm 2 ) < f c= 2100(daN / cm 2 )
Ahn 49,92
Vy lin kt bulng g chon m bo iu kin bn.
V d 2.9:
Kim tra kh nng chu lc cho lin kt bulng cng cao ni 2 bn thp c kch thc
(400x16)mm, s dng 2 bn ghp c kch thc (400x12)mm nh hnh v. Bit lc ko tnh ton N =
2000 KN.

S dng vt liu thp CCT34 c f=2100

daN/cm2; s dng bulng cng cao 40Cr c fub=

50 50 50 50 50 50

11000 daN/cm2; ng knh bulng d=20mm; C=1;

50

Bi lm:

Vy bn ghp m bo iu kin bn.

N=4000KN

100

Abg = 2.1,2.40 = 96 (cm2) > A = 1,6.40 = 64 (cm2)

100

a, Kim tra bn cho bn ghp:

6
t1 t1= 12

t2= 16

50

100

b, Kim tra kh nng chu lc cho lin kt:

Kh nng chu ko ca 1 bulng cng cao trong lin kt: [N]b = n f. Abn. b1. f hb

b2
Ta c: f hb = 0,7 f ub= 0,7.11000 = 7700 (daN/cm2)
b1 =1 (do s lng bulng trong lin kt na>10);
b2 =1,17; =0,35; n f =2; Abn = 2,45 (cm2)

[N]b = 2.2,45.1.7700. 0,35 = 11287(daN)

1,17
Lc ln nht tc dng ln 1 bulng trong lin kt:
N 200000
Nb =
=
= 10000 (daN ) < [ N ]b = 11287 (daN )
n
20
Vy lin kt m bo kh nng chu lc.
V d 2.10:
Xc nh lc ln nht tc dng ln lin kt bulng ni 2 bn thp c kch thc (400x16)mm,
lin kt s dng 2 bn ghp c kch thc (400x12)mm nh hnh v 2.21. S dng vt liu thp CCT34
c f=2100 daN/cm2; bulng thng bn lp 4.6 c fvb = 1500 daN/cm2; fcb = 3950 daN/cm2; ng
knh bulng d=20mm; C=1;
Bi lm:
60 60 60 60 60 60 60

Chn 2 bn ghp c kch thc (400x12)mm m bo

iu kin:
Abg = 2.1,2.40 = 96 (cm2) > A = 1,6.40 = 64 (cm2)
Vy bn ghp m bo iu kin bn.

b, Xc nh lc ln nht tc dng ln lin kt:

Kh nng chu ct ca 1 bulng trong lin kt:
[N]vb = n v. Ab. b. f vb = 2.3,14.0,9.1500 = 8478 (daN)

50 60 60 60 60 60 50

a, Kim tra bn cho bn ghp:

N=?

Kh nng chu p mt ca 1 bulng trong lin kt:

[N]cb =d.(t)min. b. f cb = 2.1,5.0,9.3950 = 10665 (daN)
Kh nng chu lc nh nht ca bulng:
[N]bmin = min([N]vb, [N]cb ) = 8478 (daN)

Hnh 2.21

Ngoi lc ln nht tc dng ln lin kt:

N = [N ]b min .n = 8478.36 = 305208 (daN ) 3052 ( KN )

Chng 3: Dm thp
V d 3.1:
Kim tra kh nng chu lc cho dm ch IN036 c s dm n gin nhp l = 6m, chu ti trng
phn b u qc= 2500 daN/m nh hnh v 3.7. Bit cc c trng hnh hc ca thp IN036: Wx = 743
cm3; Ix = 13380 cm4; h = 36cm; Sx = 423 cm3; tw = 12,3 mm; b qua trng lng bn thn dm. S dng
thp CCT34 c f =2100 daN/cm2; fV =1250 daN/cm2; vng [/l] = 1/250; C=1; q=1,2.
I No36

x
l=6m
y
M
2

ql /8

ql/2

V
ql/2

Hnh 3.7
Bi lm:
Ti trng tnh ton tc dng ln dm:
qtt = qcq= 2500.1,2 = 3000 (daN/m)
Mmen ln nht tc dng ln dm:
q l 2 3000.6 2
M max = tt =
= 13500 (daNm)
8
8
Lc ct ln nht tc dng ln dm:
q l 3000.6
Vmax = tt =
= 9000 (daN )
2
2
Kim tra bn cho dm hnh:
M
13500.10 2
= max =
= 1817 (daN / cm 2 ) < f c = 2100(daN / cm 2 )
Wx
743
V .S
9000.423
= max x =
= 231,3 (daN / cm 2 ) < f v c = 1250(daN / cm 2 )
I xtw
13380.1,23
Kim tra vng cho dm hnh:

5.qc l 3
5.25. 6.10 2
1

=
=
= 0,0025 < =
= 0,004
6
l 384 EI x 384.2,1.10 .13380
l 250
Vy dm thp m bo kh nng chu lc.
V d 3.2:

Thit k tit din dm ch I nh hnh cho dm c s dm n gin nhp l = 6m, chu ti trng
phn b u qc= 1000 daN/m nh hnh v 3.8. S dng thp CCT34 c f =2100 daN/cm2; fV =1250
daN/cm2; vng [/l]=1/250; C=1; q=1,2.
I No?

x
l=6m
y
M
2

ql/2

ql /8

V
ql/2

Hnh 3.8
Bi lm:
Ti trng tnh ton tc dng ln dm:
qtt = qcq= 1000.1,2 = 1200 (daN/m)
Mmen ln nht tc dng ln dm:
q l 2 1200.6 2
M max = tt =
= 5400 (daNm)
8
8
Lc ct ln nht tc dng ln dm:
q l 1200.6
Vmax = tt =
= 3600 (daN )
2
2
T iu kin m bo tra bn cho dm hnh:
M
M
5400.10 2
= 257,1(cm3 )
= max < f c Wx max =
Wx
f c
2100
Chn I N024 c cc c trng hnh hc:
Wx = 289 cm3; Ix = 3460 cm4; h = 24cm; Sx = 163 cm3; tw = 9,5 mm; gbt=27,3(daN/m).
Kim tra li tit din dm g chn:
Mmen ln nht tc dng ln dm:
(q + g bt )l 2 = (1200 + 27,3.1,05).6 2 5529 (daNm)
M max = tt
8
8
Lc ct ln nht tc dng ln dm:
(q + g bt )l = (1200 + 27,3.1,05).6 3686 (daN )
Vmax = tt
2
2
Kim tra bn cho dm:

M max 5529.10 2
=
= 1913 (daN / cm 2 ) < f c = 2100(daN / cm 2 )
Wx
289
V .S
3686.163
= max x =
182,8 (daN / cm 2 ) < f v c = 1250(daN / cm 2 )
I xt w
3460.0,95

Kim tra vng cho dm hnh:

5.qc l 3
5.(10 + 0,273). 6.10 2
=
=
l 384 EI x
384.2,1.10 6.3460

= 0,00398 < =
= 0,004
l 250

Vy dm thp g chn m bo kh nng chu lc.

V d 3.3:
Xc nh ti trng ln nht tc dng ln dm n gin nhp l = 6m, c tit din mt ct ngang
IN024 nh hnh v 3.9. Bit cc c trng hnh hc ca thp IN024: Wx = 289 cm3; Ix = 3460 cm4; h =
24cm; Sx = 163 cm3; tw = 9,5 mm; b qua trng lng bn thn dm. S dng thp CCT34 c f =2100
daN/cm2; fV=1250 daN/cm2; vng [/l] = 1/250; C=1; q=1,2.
I No24

q=?

x
l=6m
y
M
2

ql/2

ql /8

V
ql/2

Hnh 3.9
Bi lm:
Ti trng tnh ton tc dng ln dm:
qtt = qcq= qC.1,2 (daN/m)
Mmen ln nht tc dng ln dm:
q l 2 q 62
M max = tt = tt . = 4,5qtt (daNm)
8
8
Lc ct ln nht tc dng ln dm:
q l q .6
Vmax = tt = tt = 3qtt (daN )
2
2
T iu kin m bo bn cho dm hnh:

10

M max
f .W
2100.289
= 1348,7 (daN / m)
< f c = 2100(daN / cm 2 ) q 1 c x =
tt
Wx
4,5
4,5.10 2
qtt1

1348,7
q1 =
=
1124 (daN / m)
c
1,2
q

kin m bo vng cho dm hnh:

5.qc l 3

1
1 2,1.10 6.3460.384
384 EI x
2
=
<
=
qc
=
3
3
l 384 EI x l 250
250
l 5.l
6.10 2 .5

iu

Ta c ti trng

= 10,33 (daN / cm) = 1033 (daN / m)

tiu chun ln nht tc dng ln dm:
qcmax = min (qc1 v qc2) = 1033 (daN/m).
V d 3.4:
Kim tra kh nng chu lc cho dm I t hp hn c kch thc bn bng (1000x8)mm, bn cnh
(240x16)mm nh hnh v 3.10. Bit Mmax= 10000 daNm; Vmax= 130000 daN. S dng thp CCT34 c f
=2100 daN/cm2; fV=1250daN/cm2;

= 271168 (cm4)
Ix
271168.2
Wx = .2 =
= 5255,2 (cm3)
h
103,2
hf
101,6
Sx = b f t f
= 24.1,6.
= 1923,07 (cm3)
2
2

1000

Hnh 3.10

y
240

16

Cc c trng hnh hc ca dm:

t3b
h3 tw
h2
I = w + 2 f f + b f t f f
12
4
12
2
100 3.0,8 1,6 3.24
+ 2
+ 1,6.24.101,6
=
4
12
12

16

Bi lm:

Kim tra iu kin bn cho dm:

M
1000000
= max =
= 1913,8( daN / cm 2 ) < f c = 2100( daN / cm 2 )
Wx
5255,2
V .S
130000.1923,07
= max x =
= 1152,3( daN / cm 2 ) < f v c = 1250( daN / cm 2 )
I x .t w
271168.0,8
Vy tit din dm g chn m bo iu kin bn.
V d 3.5:
Xc nh kch thc sn gi cho dm I t hp hn c kch thc bn bng (1200x10)mm, bn
cnh (200x16)mm nh hnh v 3.11. Vmax= 1000 KN. S dng thp CCT34 c f =2100 daN/cm2;
fc=3200daN/cm2;

11

20

16

10

1200

16

18

tf

200

200.

C1
18

Hnh 3.11
Bi lm:
Xc nh tit din sn gi t iu kin p mt t u:
V
V
100000
31,3(cm 2 )
= max f c c As max =
As
f c c 3200.1
Chn bs = bf = 20 (cm)
Chiu dy sn gi:
A
31,3
ts s =
1,6(cm)
bs
20
Kim tra chiu dy sn theo iu kin n nh:
bs
b
E
2,1.10 6
20

=
= 31,6 t s s =
= 0,65(cm)
ts
f
2100
31,6 31,6
Vy, chn sn c kch thc bS.tS = 20.1,8 (cm)
Kim tra n nh tng th:
Ta c: c1 = 0,65tW.

E f = 0,65.1. 2,1.10 6 2100 = 20,54(cm)

A = AS + Aqu = 1,8.20 + 1.20,54 = 56,54 (cm2)

t 3 .c b 3 .t
13.20,54 203.1
IZ = w 1 + s s =
+
= 1202(cm 4 )
12
12
12
12
I
1202
iz = z =
= 4,61 (cm)
A
56,54
h
120
z = w =
= 26 . Tra bng ta c = 0,949.
iz
4,61
V
100000
= max =
= 1864(daN / cm 2 ) < f c = 2100( daN / cm 2 )
A 56,54.0,949
Vy, tit din sn gi g chn m bo kh nng chu lc.
V d 3.6:

12

Kim tra kh nng chu lc cho vng dm gn gi ta ca dm I t hp hn c kch thc bn

bng (1200x10)mm, bn cnh (200x16)mm c s nh hnh v 3.12. Vmax= 1500 KN. S dng thp

Ef

18

200

C1

C1

16.

10.

1200
.

16.

CCT34 c f =2100 daN/cm2; fc=3200daN/cm2; Bit c1 = 0,65tW.

Hnh 3.12
Bi lm:
Tnh c1 = 0,65tW.

E f = 0,65.1. 2,1.10 6 2100 = 20,54(cm)

A = AS +2 Aqu = 1,8.20 + 2.1.20,54 = 77,08 (cm2)

t 3 .c b 3 .t
13.20,54 203.1
IZ = 2 w 1 + s s = 2.
+
= 1204(cm 4 )
12
12
12
12
I
1204
iz = z =
= 3,95 (cm)
A
77,08
h
120
z = w =
= 30,38 . Tra bng ta c = 0,936.
i z 3,95
V
150000
= max =
= 2080(daN / cm 2 ) < f c = 2100(daN / cm 2 )
A 77,08.0,936
Vy, tit din sn gi g chn m bo kh nng chu lc.
V d 3.7:
Tnh mi ni bn bng cho dm I t hp hn c kch thc bn bng (1200x10)mm, bn cnh
(200x16)mm nh hnh v 3.14. Bit Mx= 300 KNm; Vx=2000 KN; S dng thp CCT34 c f =2100
daN/cm2; fV=1250daN/cm2;

que hn N42 c fwf = 1800 daN/cm2; fwf = 1500 daN/cm2; f=0,7; s= 1;

C=1;

Bi lm:
S dng mi ni c 2 bn ghp vi ng hn gc u.
Chn bn ghp c kch thc (1100x8x100)mm m bo iu kin bn cho bn ghp:
Abg = 2.0,8.110 = 176 (cm2) > A = 1.120 = 120 (cm2)
Vy bn ghp m bo iu kin bn.

13

16.

Vx

200.

200.

16.

Vx

1200
.

Mx

1100

Mx

Hnh 3.13
Chn chiu cao ng hn hf =8(mm) tha mgn iu kin:
hfmin = 6(mm) < hf =8(mm) < hfmax =1,2tmin = 9,6 (mm).
Chiu di tnh tan ca 1 ng hn:
lf = ltt 1 = 110 -1 = 109 (cm)
Din tch tnh ton ca cc ng hn:
Af = lf. hf = 2.109.0,8= 174,4 (cm2)
M men khng un ca cc ng hn:
Wf = lf2. hf/6= 2.1092.0,8/6 = 3168,3 (cm2)
Mmen un m mi hn ni bng phi chu:
I
144000
M w = M x w + Vx .e = 300.
+ 2000.0,05 = 213,5( KNm)
Id
380599
Trong :
t 3f b f
h 2f

I=
+2
+ bf t f
12

12
4

3
3
2
120 .1 1,6 .20
=
+ 2
+ 2.20.121,6
4
12
12
hw3 t w

IW =

hw3 t w
12

= 380599 (cm4)

1203.1
= 144000(cm4)
12

Ta c: (fw)min = min (f fwf; s fws) = min (1800.0,7; 1500.1) = 1260 (daN/cm2)

Kh nng chu lc ca lin kt:
=

Vx

A
f

+ Mw

W
f

200000 21350.100
=
+
= 1146,8(daN / cm 2 ) < (f w )min = 1260(daN / cm 2 )
174
,
4
3564
,
3

Vy lin kt m bo kh nng chu lc.

14

Chng 4: Ct
V d 4.1.Chn tit din ct c chu nn ng tm (I nh hnh ). Bit ct c c chiu di l = 5 m.
Ct c lin kt theo phng x hai u khp; theo phng y 1 u ngm, mt u khp. Ti trng tc
dng N = 3500 kN. Vt liu l thp CCT38 c f = 2300 daN/cm2; []= 120, =1 .

Bi lm:
f = 2300 daN/cm2=23 kN/cm2.
Chiu di tnh ton ca ct
ly = 0,7.5= 3,5 (m); lx=1.5=5 (m)
Chn s b mnh =40 tra bng c gi tr =0,900.
Din tch tit din ct cn thit l:
Ayc = N/(f. . c)=3500/(23.0,9)= 169,1 (cm2).
Bn knh qun tnh
ixyc = lx/ = 500/40= 12,5 (cm).
iyyc = ly/ = 350/40= 8,75 (cm).
Chiu rng v chiu cao tit din ct:
byc = iyyc/y =8,75/0,24= 36,5 (cm);
hyc = ixyc/x =12,5/0,42= 29,8 (cm).
T bng tra chn thp I cnh rng 40K1 c:
A=175,8 cm2; h= 393 mm; b= 400 mm; d=11mm; t=16,5
mm; r=22 mm; Ix= 52400 cm4; Wx =2664 cm3; ix= 17,26
cm; Sx=1457 cm3;
Iy= 17610 cm4; Wx =880 cm3; ix= 10 cm; g=138 kG/m.

mnh

y= ly/ iy = 350/10= 35 ;
x= lx/ ix = 500/17,26= 28,97 max=35 =0,918.

Kim tra

= N/( A.)= 3500/(175,8.0,918)= 21,7 (kN/cm2) < f. c = 23 kN/cm2.

n nh tng th ct chn tha mn. (k cn kim tra cc b vi tit din nh hnh)
V d 4.2. Chn tit din ct c chu nn ng tm (I t hp ). Bit ct c c chiu di l = 6,5 m.
Ct c lin kt theo phng x hai u khp; theo phng y 1

u ngm, mt u khp. Ti trng tc dng N = 4500 kN.

Vt liu l thp CCT38 c f = 2300 daN/cm2; []= 120, =1
.

Bi lm:
f = 2300 daN/cm2=23 kN/cm2.
Chiu di tnh ton ca ct
ly = 0,7.6,5= 4,55 (m); lx=1.6,5=6,5 (m)

15

Chn s b mnh =40 tra bng c gi tr =0,900.

Din tch tit din ct cn thit l:
Ayc = N/(f. )=4500/(23.0,9)= 217,3 (cm2).
Bn knh qun tnh
ixyc = lx/ = 650/40= 16,25 (cm).
iyyc = ly/ = 455/40= 11,35 (cm).
Chiu rng v chiu cao tit din ct:
byc = iyyc/y =11,35/0,24= 47,4 (cm);
hyc = ixyc/x =16,25/0,42= 38,7 (cm).
Chn tit din ct:

cnh- 2.48.1,8=172,8 (cm2)

bng 217,3- 172,8= 44,5 (cm2)

hw =38,7-2.1,8=35,1 cm chn 36 cm;

tw 44,5/36= 1,24 (cm); chn hw =38 cm; tw= 1,2 cm.

Kim tra n nh
-c trng hnh hc: Iy =2.1,8.483/12+38.1,23/12= 33183 cm4;
A=2.1,8.48+1,2.38=218,4 (cm2)
Iy
33183
iy =
=
=12,3 (cm)
A
218,4

y= ly/ iy = 445/12,3= 36,2 ;

Ix =48.41,63/12- (48-1,2).383/12= 73964 cm4;
I
73964
ix = x =
=18,4 (cm)
A
218,4

x= lx/ ix = 650/18,4= 35,3 max=36,2 =0,912.

-kim tra n nh tng th

= N/( A.)= 4500/(218,4.0,912)= 22,6 (kN/cm2) < f. c = 23 kN/cm2.

( -f.c)/ f.c= 1,8%< 5% tha mn.
-kim tra n nh cc b bn bng
f
23
=
= 36,2
=1,2 <2
E
2,1.10 4

hw
E
= (1,3+0,15.1,2)
= (1,3+ 0,15 )
f
tw
h
hw
=380/12= 31,6 < w =44,7
tw
tw

21000
=44,7
23

-kim tra n nh cc b bn cnh b0= (480-12)/2=234 (mm)

b0
E
= (0,36+0,1.1,2)
= (0,36 + 0,1 )
f
t f
b
b0
=234/18= 13 < 0 =14,5.
tf
t f

21000
=14,5
23

16

Vy tit din chn tha mn iu kin n nh tng th, n nh cc b cnh v bng.

V d 4.4. Xc nh kh nng chu lc ca ct chu nn ng tm c cc s liu sau. Ct c tit

din ch I t hp, bn cnh ( 480x18)mm, bn bng (450x12) mm. Ct c chiu di l=6,5 m , hai u
lin kt khp. Cng thp f=2300daN/cm2, [] =120
Bi lm:
Chiu di tnh ton ca ct lx=ly = 0,7.6,5= 4,55 (m).
A=2.1,8.48+1,2.45=226,8 (cm2)
Iy =2.1,8.483/12 + 45.1,23/12= 33182 cm4;
Ix =48.48,63/12- (48-1,2).453/12= 103778 cm4;
Iy
33182
iy =
=
=12,09 (cm); y= ly/ iy = 445/12,09= 36,8
A
226,8
ix =

Ix
103778
=21,4 (cm); x= lx/ ix = 445/21,4=20,8
=
A
226,8

max= y=36,8 =0,911.

Lc ln nht ct c th chu :
Nmax = A. .f. c =226,8.0,911.23.1= 4752 kN.

17

Chng 5:Dn
V d 5.1. Kim tra kh nng chu lc ca thanh dn ghp t hai thp gc c s hiu L 125x90x10,
chu lc nn N =500 KN. Bit chiu di tnh ton ca thanh lx=250 cm, ly =400 cm. Din tch tit din 1
thp gc Ag=20,6 cm2. Bn knh qun tnh tra bng ix =3,95 cm, iy = 2,6 cm; ix2 = 5,95 cm. Thp CCT34

c f = 2100 daN/cm2, [ ]=120.

Bi lm: ix= iy (tra bng) = 2,6 cm; iy = ix2 (tra bng) = 5,95 cm
f = 2100 daN/cm2 =21 kN/cm2.

x= lx/ ix=250/2,6=96,2 <[] = 120;

y= ly/ iy=400/5,95 = 67,2<[] = 120;
max= x=96,2 (cm) =0,611.
Kim tra n nh thanh chn

= N/( A.)= 500/(2.20,6.0,611)= 19,86 (kN/cm2) < f. c

= 21 kN/cm2.
Vy tit din chn kh nng chu lc.

V d 5.2. Chn tit din thanh cnh trn ca dn mi bng hai thp gc, chu lc nn N =500 kN.
Bit chiu di tnh ton ca thanh lx= 250 cm, ly =400 cm, chiu dy bn mt tbm =10 mm, f = 2100
daN/cm2 ;[] = 120.

Bi lm:
f = 2100 daN/cm2 =21 kN/cm2.
Chn = 100 =0,582
Din tch tit din cn thit:
Ayc = N/( .f. c)= 500/(0,582.21.1)= 40,9 (cm2).
Bn knh qun tnh cn thit:
ix=lx/=250/100=2,5 (cm)
iy=ly/=400/100=4 (cm)
Ta chn 2 thp gc khng u cnh ghp cnh ngn (v ix 0,5iy)
T bng tra thp gc khng u cnh chn 2 thanh thp gc khng u cnh L 100x90x13 c A=
2.23,1 cm2 =46,2 cm2 v vi tbm=10 mm c ix2=4,7 > 4; ix=2,66 cm

x= lx/ ix=250/2,66=94 <[] = 120;

y= ly/ iy=400/4,7 = 85,1<[] = 120;
max= x=94 (cm) =0,625.
Kim tra n nh thanh chn

= N/( A.)= 500/(46,2.0,625)= 17,32 (kN/cm2) < f. c = 21 kN/cm2.

18

Phn kt cu g
Nn ng tm
Bi 1: Kim tra mt thanh nn ng tm 2 u lin kt khp c kch thc nh hnh
v. Bit lc nn tnh ton Ntt= 10T; Rn= 130 kg/cm2; []= 150.
Gii:
Kim tra v cng :
Theo cng thc: = Ntt/Ath.
Ath= Ang - Agy= 18.15- 6.15= 180 cm2.
= Ntt/Ath= 10000/180= 55,6 kg/cm2 < Rn= 130 kg/cm2.
Vy thanh g tha mn iu kin chu lc v cng .
b) Kim tra v n nh
Agy= 6.15= 80 cm2.
Ang= 18.15= 270 cm2.
Agy/Ang= 80/270= 33%> 25% nn
Att= 4/3Ath= 4/3.180= 240 cm2.
rmin= 0,289.b= 0,289.15= 4,34 cm.
l0= l=420 cm.
max= ltt/rmin= 420/4,34= 97 < []= 150 tha mn.
= 3100/ 2= 3100/ 972= 0,33.
= Ntt/(.Ath)= 10000/(0,33.240)= 126 kg/cm2< Rn= 130 kg/cm2.
Vy thanh g m bo iu kin v n nh.
T cc kt qu trn thy rng vic kim tra n nh thng c tnh cht quyt nh.
Bi 2: Chn tit din mt ct g chu nn ng tm trong mt kt cu chu lc lu
di bit chiu di tnh ton ltt= 5 m, ti trng tnh ton Ntt= 10 T.
Gii:
Gi thit >75.
Dng tit din trn: A=

d= 1,135

= 1,135

ltt
N
500 10000
.
=
.
= 278cm 2
15,75 Rn 15,75 130

278

= 18,9 cm.
19

Chn g c d= 20 cm, th li mnh

max

= 500/(0,25.20)= 100 >75 dng ng

cng thc.
b) Nu dng tit din vung :
A=

ltt
N 500 10000
.
=
.
= 282cm 2
16 Rn
16
130

a=

282

= 16,8 cm.

Dng tit din vung c cnh 18x18 cm, th li mnh max = 500/(0,289.18)=
93,7 >75 dng ng cng thc.
Nu max <75 ta gi thit li < 75 v dng cng thc tnh ton tng ng.

Un phng
Bi 1 : Chn tit din mt dm g bit l = 4,5m, ti trng qtc = 400kG/m, qtt = 485
1
f
kG/m. =
, G nhm VI, Nm 18%, nhit 20C. S dm n gin.
l 250

Gii
Ly cc thng s u bi.
G nhm VI, Nm 15%, nhit 20C nn Ru = 120kG/cm2.
Tnh ton ni lc.
M max =

q tt l 2 485 4,5 2
=
= 1227,6 kGm
8
8

Qmax =

q tt l 485 4,5
=
= 1091,3kG
2
2

La chn tit din.

Chn tit din ch nht.
Gi thit thanh g c mt cnh > 15cm, h / b < 3,5, khi mu = 1,15.
Gi thit b = 0,8h.

20

M max 1227,6 10 2
Wct =
=
= 889,6cm 3
mu Ru
1,15 120

5 400 10 2 450 3
=
250 = 11865,23cm 4
384
5
10

J ct =

5 q tc l 3 l
384 E f

h1 = 3

15Wct 3 15 889,6
=
= 18,8cm b1 = 0,8h1 = 0,8 18,8 = 15,04cm
2
2

h2 = 4 15 J ct = 4 1511865,23 = 20,5cm b2 = 0,8h2 = 0,8 20,5 = 16,4cm

Chn b = 18cm, h = 20cm.
Tnh li cc thng s tit din chn.

h 20
=
< 3,5 , h > 15cm mu = 1,15
b 18
W=

J=

bh 2 18 20 2
=
= 1200cm 3 > Wct = 889,6cm 3
6
6

bh 3 18 20 3
=
= 12000cm 4 > J ct = 11865,23cm 4
12
12

Kim tra li tit din chn.

Gi thit v mu: b v h > 15cm, nn gi thit v mu l ng.
Bn un: Do khng c gim yu v gi thit v mu l ng nn khng cn kim tra.
Bn ct: Do l / h = 450 / 20 = 22,5 > 5 nn khng cn kim tra bn ct.

vng: Khng cn kim tra.

Bi 2: chn tit din mt dm g, bit: nhp 3,6 m; ti trng Ptc= 2T; h s vt ti

1,2; g c Rn= 130 kg/cm2; [f/l]= 1/250.

Gii:
21

Mmax= Ptt.l/4= (2000.1,2).360/4= 216000 kgcm.

D kin chn dm tit din ch nht c cnh 15 cm, h/b 3,5 mu= 1,15.
n =

M
M
216000
mu .Ru Wct=
=
= 1445cm 3
Wth
Ru .mu 130.1,15

P .l 2 l 2000.360 2
P .l 2 f
f
.250 = 13500cm 4 .
= tc
Ict = tc . =
5
48E f
l 48E.I l
48.10

Gi thit k= h/b= 1,25 b= 0,8h W= bh2/6= 0,8h3/6; I= bh3/12= 0,8h4/12.

Ta c: 0,8h3/6= 1445; 0,8h4/12= 13500 h= 22,1 cm; h= 21,2 cm.
Chn bxh= 18x22 cm h/b= 22/18= 1,2< 3,5 vy gi thit ban u l ng.
W= bh2/6= 18.222/6= 1452 cm3> Wct= 1445 cm3.
I= bh3/12= 18.223/12= 15972 cm4> Ict= 13500 cm4.
Vy tit din chn tha mn yu cu.

Un xin
Bi 1: Chn tit din x g ca mt sn mi nh c dc = 250. Chiu di nhp
f
x g 3,6m. qtc = 130kG/m, qtt = 180kG/m. vng cho php
l

= 200 . S ca

dm l dm n gin.
Bit cos = 0,906; sin = 0,423.
G nhm VI, Nm 18%, nhit 20C.

Li gii.
Ly cc thng s u bi.
G nhm VI, Nm 18%, nhit 20C nn Ru = 130kG/cm2.
Gi thit mu = 1,15.

22

Phn ti trng theo 2 phng.

q tcy = q tc cos = 130. cos 250 = 117,78kG / m

q tcx = q tc sin = 130.sin 250 = 54,99kG / m
q tty = q tt cos = 180. cos 25 0 = 163,08kG / m
q xtt = q tt sin = 180.sin 25 0 = 76,14kG / m
Tnh ni lc.
Mx =

My =

q ytt l 2
8

163,08 3,6 2
= 264,18kG.m = 26418kG.cm
8

q xtt l 2 76,14 3,6 2

=
= 123,34kG.m = 12334kG.cm
8
8

Hai m men ln nht ny cng xut hin trn cng 1 tit din gia dm.
Tnh Wct v chn b, h.
Chn k = 1,2, vi tga = 0,423 / 0,906 = 0,46.
T :

Mx
(1 + k .tg ) Ru mu
Wx

Wx

Mx
26418
(1 + k.tg ) =
(1 + 1,2 0,46) = 297,1cm 3 = Wct
Ru m u
120 1,15

h = 3 6 kWx = 3 6 1,2 297,1 = 12,9cm

b = 12,9 / 1,2 = 10,75cm

Chn h = 14cm, b = 12cm.
Tnh cc thng s tit din chn.

bh 2 12 14 2
Wx =
=
= 392cm 3
6
6

23

hb 2 14 12 2
Wy =
=
= 336cm 3
6
6
bh 3 12 14 3
Jx =
=
= 2744cm 4
12
12
hb 3 14 12 3
Jy =
=
= 2016cm 4
12
12
Kim tra tit din chn.
Gi thit v mu: Do c hai cnh tit din u nh hn 15cm nn mu = 1,0.
Bn un:
max = x max + y max =

M x M y 26418 12334
+
=
+
= 104,3 mu Ru = 120kG / cm 2
Wx Wy
392
336

Tit din chn m bo yu cu cng .

vng:
fx =

5 q xtc l 4
5 54,99 10 2 360 4

= 0,596cm
384 EJ y 384
10 5 2016

tc 4
5 qy l
5 117,78 10 2 360 4
fy =

= 0,939cm
384 EJ x 384
10 5 2744

Hai vng ln nht ny cng xut hin trn mt tit din gia dm, v th:
f =

f x2 + f y2 = 0,596 2 + 0,939 2 = 1,11cm

f 1,11
1
f
=
=
<
l 360 324 l

= 200

m bo iu kin bin dng.

Bi 2: Chn tit din x g chu lc nh hnh v bit qtc = 130 kg/m; n=1,3; [f/l]=
1/200; Ru= 130 kg/cm2.

24

Gii: Phn ti trng theo 2 phng:

qxtc= qtc.cos= 130 cos250= 117,8 kg/m; qytc= qtc.sin= 130 sin250= 54,9 kg/m.
qxtt= qxtc.n= 117,8.1,3= 153 kg/m;
qytt= qytc.n= 54,9.1,3= 71,4 kg/m.

Mmen un ln nht:
Mx= qxtt.l2/2= 153.1,22/2= 110,16 kg.m;
My= qytt.l2/2= 71,4.1,22/2= 51,4 kg.m.
Gi thit k= h/b= 1,2 v c tg250= 0,466.
Theo iu kin cng ta c:
Wx=

M x (1 + k .tg ) 11016.(1 + 1,2.0,466)

=
= 132cm 3
mu .Ru
1.130

3
3
Wx = bh2/6= h3/(6k) h= 6kW = 6.1,2.132 = 9,8cm

b=h/k= 9,8/1,2= 8,2 cm. Chn tit din bxh= 8x10 cm v kim tra li:
+ Theo cng :
=

M x M y 11016.6 5140.6
+
=
+
= 130,8kg / cm 2 f mu .Ru = 1.130 = 130kg / cm 2
Wx W y
8.10.10 10.8.8

Sai s= 100%.(130,8-130)/130= 0,6% <5% nn chp nhn c.

+ Theo vng:
fx =

fy =

f
=
l

q tcy .l 4
8EI y

0,549.1204
= 0,33cm
8.105.10.83 / 12

q xtc .l 4
1,178.120 4
=
= 0,46cm
8 EI x 8.10 5.8.10 3 / 12
f x2 + f y2
l

0,332 + 0,46 2
1
1
=
<
120
212 200

tha mn.

25

Nn lch tm
Bi 1: Chn tit din mt thanh g chu nn lch tm bit l= 3,3m, hai u lin kt
khp, Ntt=12 T t lch tm e= 3cm so vi trc cu kin. Rn= 130 kg/cm2, Ru=150
kg/cm2.

Gii:
V 1<e= 3cm<25 cm nn mmen qun tnh cn thit l:
W=

N
M
12000
[3,3 + 0,35(l 1) 2 + ] =
[3,3 + 0,35(3,3 1) 2 + 0,03] = 478cm3
Rn
N
130

Chn tit din ch nht 16x18 cm c Wy= 18.162/6 cm3=768 cm3> 478 cm3 (un
quanh trc y).

mnh max=y= ltt/rmin= 330/(0,289.16)= 71,4.

H s mmen ph:
= 1
=

2 N
3100. Ang .Rn

= 1

71,4 2.12000
= 0,47
3100.16.18.130

M .R n
N
12000
18000.130
+
=
+
= 128kg / cm 2 < mn .Rn = 1.130 = 130kg / cm 2
Ath Wth .Ru 16.18 0,47.768.150

Kim tra ngoi mt phng un :

x=ltt/rx= 330/(0,289.18)=63,4 < y=71,4 nn khng cn kim tra vi trc x.

Lin kt mng
Bi 1: Thit k lin kt mng hai rng. Nn = 10,6T, a = 30, bxh = 20x20cm, g
nhm V, W = 18%, T = 20C.

Li gii.
26

Xc nh thng s vt liu.
G nhm V, W = 18%, T = 20C c Rn = Rem = 135kG/cm2, R90em = 22kG/cm2, Rtr
= 25kG/cm2.
30
Rem
=

Rem
R
3
sin
1 + em

1
90
R
em

135
= 82,31kG / cm 2
135 3
1+
1 sin 30
22

Yu cu ti thiu ca hr.
T 1,5h ltr 10hr 30 cm ltr 10hr 3 cm hr
Tnh hr + hr.
hr' + hr''

N n cos 10,6 10 3 cos 30

=
= 5,52cm

1,0 82,31 20
mem Rem
b

Chn hr , hr.
T iu kin cu to:

hr'' hr' + 2cm

'
''
Chn hr = 3cm; hr = 6cm
h
20
''
hr =
= 6,67cm
3 3

hr'' + hr' 5,52cm

hr' 2cm hr' 3cm

Xc nh chiu di mt trt 1.
N

'
em

hr'
3
= '
Nn =
10600 = 3533,33kG
''
3+6
hr + hr

'
N tr' = N em
cos = 3533,33 cos 30 = 3052kG

Trt mt pha: b = 0,25; mt bn khng i xng nn e = h / 2 = 10 cm.

27

N tr'

l
'
tr

'
tr

N
0,8 Rtr b
e

3052
3052
0,8 25 20 0,25
10

= 9,42cm

Cu to: 1,5h ltr 10hr 30 cm ltr 30 cm lrr = 30 cm.

Xc nh chiu di mt trt 2.

N tr'' = N n cos = 10600 cos 30 = 9169kG

l
''
tr

N tr''
''
tr

N
1,15Rtr b
e

9169

= 26,26cm

9169
1,15 25 20 0,25
10

Cu to: 1,5h ltr 10hr 30 cm ltr 60 cm Chn theo v hnh.

N

Hnh 3.15 - Minh ho v d

Bi 2: Tnh ton lin kt mng 2 rng mt gi dn v ko c lc nn cnh trn Nn=

11T, =300. Tit din cc thanh l 20x20 cm. G nhm V, Nm 18% c Rn(Rem)=135
kg/cm2, Rem(900)= 25 kg/cm2,Rtr=25 kg/cm2.
Gii:

Gi thit hr=3 cm>2 cm; hr=6 cm<h/3=20/3=6,6 cm.

hr-hr=6-3=3 cm>2 cm.
Tng din tch p mt: Aem= Aem+ Aem= b(hr+hr)/cos= 20.(3+6)/cos300=
208cm2.

28

Rem (30) =

Rem
1+ (

Rem
1) sin 3
Rem (90)

135
135
1+ (
1) sin 3 30 0
25

= 87kg / cm 2

Kim tra p mt: Nem= Nn= 11000kg <Rem(30).Aem=87.208= 18096 kg tha mn.
T iu kin lm vic chu trt tnh ltr v ltr.
Ntr=Ntr.Aem/Aem=Nn.cos. Aem/Aem= 11000.cos300.3/(3+6)= 3175kg.
=0,25; e=h/2= 20/2=10 cm.
N tr'
3175
l =
=
= 9,9cm
'
0,8Rtr .b N tr / e 0,8.25.20 3175.0,25 / 10
'
tr

Theo cu to 1,5h= 1,5.20=30 cm< ltr< 10hr=10.3=30 cm nn chn ltr= 30 cm.

ltr'' =

Tnh

N tr
11000 cos 30 0
=
= 28,3cm
1,15Rtr .b N tr' / e 1,15.25.20 11000 cos 30 0.0,25 / 10

Theo quan h gn ng ltr= ltr+htrn/(2sin)= 30+ 20/(2sin300)= 50 cm.

Vy chn ltr=50 cm.
Ngoi ra cn cu to thm 2 bulng an ton, g guc, g gi. G guc c b rng
bng b rng thanh cnh di, cao 6-8 cm. G gi xc nh theo iu kin chu un, p
mt do phn lc gi ta gy ra.

Lin kt cht
Bi 1: Cho 2 thanh g hp tit din 16x18cm ni di vi nhau bng 2 bn p bng

g tit din 8x18cm, lin kt vi nhau bng bu lng c ng knh d = 18mm. N = 11T.
G nhm VI, Nm W = 18%, T = 20C.
Thit k lin kt.

Li gii.
29

Xc nh kh nng chu lc ca mt mt ct cht.

y l lin kt i xng. cht thp, a = 8 cm, c = 16 cm, d = 1,8 cm.

Tema = 80ad = 80 8 1,8 = 1152kG

Temc = 50cd = 50 16 1,8 = 1440kG
Tu = 180d 2 + 2a 2 = 180 1,8 2 + 2 8 2 = 711,2kG 250d 2 = 250 1,8 2 = 810kG Kh
nng chu lc ca mt mt ct cht:

a
c
T = min Tem
; Tem
; Tu = min(1152;1440;711,2 ) = 711,2 kG

S lng cht cn thit.

nch =

11000
N
=
= 7,73 chn 8 cht.
Tn 711,2 2

B tr cht.
Do b = 18cm = 10d = 10 x 1,8 nn:
S1 = 6d = 6 x 1,8 = 10,8cm.
S2 = 3d = 3 x 1,8 = 5,4cm.
S3 = 2,5d = 2,5 x 1,8 = 4,5cm.
B tr kiu vung.
S cht theo phng vung gc th:
n1

h 2S 3
18 2 4,5
+1 =
+ 1 = 2,7 cht
S2
5,4

Chn n1 = 2cht, 4 hng. 2 x 4 = 8 cht.

B tr nh hnh v.
Kim tra gim yu do khot l.

30

Fth = 16 x (18 2 x 1,8) = 230,4 cm2

k =

N 11000
=
= 47,7 kG / cm 2 < m k Rk = 0,8 95 = 76kG / cm 2
Fth 230,4

m bo.

Bi 2: Cho 2 thanh g tit din 12x18 cm ni di vi nhau bng 2 bn g p 8x18

cm v lin kt vi nhau bng bu lng v ng knh d=18 mm. Kim tra kh nng chu
lc ca lin kt chu ko bit nhm g VI, Nm 18% c Rk= 95kg/cm2 v lc ko
N= 11 T.

Gii:
y l lim kt cht thp i xng nn kh nng chu lc tnh theo cc gi tr sau:
Tema= 80ad=80.8.1,8= 1152kg;
Temc=50cd=50.12.1,8=1080 kg;
Tu=180d2+2a2=180.1,82+2.82=711kg< 250d2=250.1,82=810 kg.
Vy Tmin= min (1152,1080,711)= 711 kg.
S lng cht cn thit nch=N/(n.Tmin)= 11000/(2.711)= 8 cht.
S cht cn cho mi ni l 16 cht.
Kim tra gim yu ca thanh chu ko do l cht gy ra:
Ath=c(b-n.d)= 12.(18-2.1,8)= 172,8 cm2.

ng sut chu ko = N/Ath= 11000/172,8= 63,6 kg/cm2< m.Rk=1.95=95 kg/cm2

tha mn.

31