DTM Xay Dung Tuyen Duong

MC LC
MC LC ...........................................................................................................1
M U..............................................................................................................5
CHNG 1 .......................................................................................................10
M T TM TT D N..............................................................................10
1.1. TN D N:.......................................................................................................................10
1.2. CH D N:......................................................................................................................10
1.3. V TR A L CA D N...........................................................................................10
...........................................................................................................................10
1.4 NI DUNG CH YU CA D N................................................................................11
1.4.1 Quy m xy dng v cp hng cng trnh:........................................11

1.4.2. Phng n thi cng...........................................................................17
1.4.3 Phng n cung cp nguyn vt liu xy dng cho cng trnh.........18
1.4.4 Phng n n b ti nh c:...........................................................20
- D n p dng phng n ti nh c ti ch vi cc im ti nh c
c UBND tnh ph duyt c th: x Thch Long 16.732m2, H
36.426m2, Thch Kh c 2 v tr: v tr 1 l 13.659m2, v tr 2 l 32.784m2,
Thch nh c 3 v tr: v tr 1 l 22.622m2 (ti xm 8), v tr 2 l
12.894m2 (xm 3), v tr 3 l 11.334m2(xm 11).......................................21
1.4.5. Kinh ph thc hin d n: ................................................................21
1.4.6. Tin thc hin d n....................................................................21
CHNG 2........................................................................................................22
IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG V KINH T X HI..................22
2.1. IU KIN T NHIN V MI TRNG...................................................................22
2.1.1 V tr a l:.......................................................................................22
2.1.2 a hnh a mo:..............................................................................22
2.1.3 a cht:.............................................................................................22
2.1.4 iu kin v kh tng, thy vn .....................................................24
2.1.5. Hin trng cc thnh phn mi trng t nhin...............................26
2.2 IU KIN KINH T, X HI.........................................................................................28
2.2.1. Dn c lao ng.............................................................................28

2.2.2. Tnh hnh x hi................................................................................32
2.3 TI NGUYN THIN NHIN: .........................................................................................33
2.3.1 Ti nguyn t: .................................................................................33

2.3.2 Ti nguyn nc: ..............................................................................34
2.3.3 Ti nguyn ng thc vt: ................................................................35
CHNG 3........................................................................................................36
NH GI TC NG MI TRNG .......................................................36
Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t xy dng tuyn ng

ni QL1A - m st Thch Kh, tnh H Tnh
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3.1. NGUN GY TC NG...............................................................................................36
3.1.1. Ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi................................36

3.1.2. Ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi:........................39
3.1.3. D bo nhng ri ro v s c mi trng do d n gy ra:.............41
3.2. I TNG, QUY M B TC NG ........................................................................41
3.3. NH GI TC NG:..................................................................................................43
3.3.1 Tc ng mi trng trong giai on gii phng mt bng: ............43

3.3.2. Tc ng mi trng trong giai on thi cng xy dng................44
3.3.3 Tc ng mi trng trong giai on s dng cng trnh:...............52
3.4. NH GI V PHNG PHP S DNG..................................................................57
CHNG 4........................................................................................................58
BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG TIU CC, PHNG NGA V
NG PH S C MI TRNG....................................................................58
4.1. I VI CC TC NG XU:....................................................................................58
4.1.1. Cc bin php gim thiu trong G gii phng mt bng ca d n

.....................................................................................................................58
4.1.2 Cc bin php phng nga gim thiu tc ng trong giai on thi
cng d n:..................................................................................................61
4.1.3 Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng tiu cc trong giai on s dng
cng trnh:....................................................................................................66
4.2. I VI S C MI TRNG:....................................................................................67
4.2.1. S c chy n v s c lao ng......................................................67

4.2.2. S c ngp ng, st l t:...............................................................68
4.2.3. S c giao thng ..............................................................................69
CHNG 5........................................................................................................71
CAM KT THC HIN BIN PHP BO V MI TRNG....................71
CHNG 6........................................................................................................73
CC CNG TRNH X L MI TRNG, ................................................73
CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG.....................73
6.1. DANH MC CC CNG TRNH X L MI TRNG............................................73
6.2. CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG:....................................73
6.2.1 Chng trnh qun l mi trng......................................................73

6.2.1 Chng trnh gim st mi trng: ..................................................74
6.2.2. Kinh ph cho quan trc v gim st mi trng:..............................75
CHNG 7 .......................................................................................................77
D TON KINH PH CHO CC CNG TRNH MI TRNG.................77
...........................................................................................................................77
CHNG 8 .......................................................................................................78
THAM VN KIN CNG NG...............................................................78
CHNG 9........................................................................................................80
CH DN NGUN CUNG CP S LIU, D LIU ....................................80
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Ch u t: S Giao thng vn ti H Tnh

C quan t vn: Vin Khoa hc Vt liu - Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Vit Nam

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------V PHNG PHP NH GI.....................................................................80

9.1 NGUN CUNG CP S LIU, D LIU.......................................................................80
9.1.1. Ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho:...................................................80

9.1.2 Ngun ti liu, d liu do ch d n t to lp.................................81
9.2 PHNG PHP P DNG TRONG NH GI TC NG MI TRNG:........81
9.2.1. Danh mc cc phng php s dng:..............................................81

9.2.2. nh gi mc tin cy ca cc phng php s dng.............83
9.3 NHN XT V MC CHI TIT, TIN CY CA CC NH GI...............83
KT LUN V KIN NGH............................................................................84
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------DANH MC CC BNG
Bng 1.1: Thng k cc tiu chun k thut......................................................11
Bng 1.2: Thng k cc loi cu nh v trung bnh............................................15
Bng 2.1. Kt qu quan trc mi trng khng kh - ting n ...........................27
Bng 2.2. Kt qu quan trc mi trng nc khu vc d n ...........................28
Bng 2.3. T l sinh, cht v t l tng t nhin dn s......................................28
Bng 2.4. Lao ng bnh qun khu vc NN theo ngnh kinh t (n
12/01/2007)..........................................................................................................29
Bng 2.5: Dn s v phn b dn c (tnh n ngy 12/01/2007)......................30
Bng 2.6. Kt qu thc hin mt s ch tiu kinh t nm 2006, k hoch 2007. 30
Bng 3.1 Ti lng cht nhim kh t cc phng tin trong 1 ca thi cng...39
Bng 3.2. Mc p m t cc phng tin giao thng v my xy dng.............40
Bng 3.3: i tng v quy m b tc ng trong giai on gii phng mt bng
.............................................................................................................................41
Bng 3.4: i tng v quy m b tc ng trong giai on thi cng cng trnh
.............................................................................................................................41
Bng 3.5: i tng v quy m b tc ng trong giai on vn hnh d n.....42
Bng 3.6. Cc yu t c kh nng gy nh hng tiu cc n mi trng khi 43
thc hin d n....................................................................................................43
Bng 3.7: Ti lng cht nhim thi vo mi trng......................................46
Bng 3.8: Ma trn nh gi tc ng ca Cng trnh ln mi trng.................56
Bng 7.1. Kinh ph BVMT ca d n................................................................77
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
M U
1. XUT X CA D N
H Tnh l mt trong nhng im nt quan trng nht trong hnh lang

ng Ty ni bin ng, cc tnh Bc Trung B Vit Nam vi nc bn Lo,
vng ng Bc Thi Lan v cc nc trong khi ASEAN. V tr a l lm
cho H Tnh tr thnh mt u mi giao lu kinh t quan trng. Ngun ti
nguyn thin nhin phong ph nh qung st, thic, mng gan, xt titan, nc
khong thin nhin t tiu chun quc t, ti nguyn rng, bin, vng rng
nguyn sinh V Quang, K G c nhiu g, ng vt qu himl nhng li
th ang dng tim nng.
Cng vi vic xy dng Khu kinh t Vng ng, nng cp Cng Vng ng,
vic khai thc c hiu qu m st Thch Kh c vai tr rt quan trng trong vic
pht trin kinh t x hi ca tnh, v vy vic xy dng tuyn ng ni t
QL1A vo m st Thch Kh l vn cn thit v cp bch. Tuyn ng
khng nhng to iu kin khai thc m st Thch Kh mt cch c hiu qu m
cn to iu kin pht trin kinh t, du lch, giao lu vn ho ca nhn dn trong
khu vc vi cc a phng khc trong v ngoi tnh.
Thc hin Lut Bo v mi trng (BVMT) c Quc hi nc Cng
ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam thng qua ngy 29/11/2005 v c hiu lc k t
ngy 01/7/2006, Ngh nh s Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/8/2006 ca
Chnh ph v vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut
Bo v mi trng, Thng t s 08/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 08/9/2006 ca B
Ti nguyn v Mi trn hng dn v nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh
gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo v mi trng. S Giao thng vn ti
H Tnh hp ng vi Phn vin Cng ngh khong sn v Mi trng - Vin
Khoa hc Vt liu - Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Vit Nam tin hnh o c, ly
mu phn tch cc thnh phn mi trng lp Bo co TM ca d n u t
xy dng tuyn ng ni Quc l 1A vi m st Thch Kh, tnh H Tnh trnh
c quan c thm quyn thm nh v ra quyt nh ph duyt. Bo co TM l
c s khoa hc nh gi v d bo nhng tc ng tch cc, tiu cc, cc tc
ng trc tip, gin tip, trc mt v lu di t cc hot ng ca d n i vi
mi trng t xut cc bin php gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc, ri ro
mi trng gp phn bo v mi trng v pht trin bn vng.
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. CC CN C PHP L V K THUT LP BO CO TM
- Lut bo v mi trng nm 2005.

- Lut t ai 2003.
- Lut Khong sn sa i, b sung nm 2005.
- Lut bo v v pht trin rng nm 2004.
- Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/8/2006 ca Chnh ph v vic quy nh
chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Bo v mi trng.
-Ngh nh s 81/2006/N-CP ngy 09/08/2006 ca Chnh ph v x pht vi phm
hnh chnh trong lnh vc bo v mi trng.
-Ngh nh s 181/2004/N-CP ngy 29/10/2004 ca Chnh ph v vic hng
dn thi hnh Lut t ai.
-Ngh nh s 149/2004/N-CP ngy 27/7/2004 ca Chnh ph quy nh vic cp
php thm d, khai thc, s dng ti nguyn nc, x nc thi vo ngun nc.
- Ngh nh s 160/2005/N-CP quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh Lut
Khong sn v Lut sa i, b sung mt s iu ca Lut Khong sn.
- Ngh nh s 137/2005/N-CP ngy 09/11/2005 v ph bo v mi trng i
vi khai thc khong sn.
- Ngh nh 21/2008/N-CP ca chnh ph ban hnh ngy 28 thng 2 nm 2008 v
sa i b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/08/2006 ca chnh
ph v vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu Lut bo v Bo v mi
trng.
- Thng t s 08/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 08/9 nm 2006 hng dn v nh gi
mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo v mi trng.
- Thng t s 12/2006/Q - BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 hng dn iu kin hnh
ngh, m s qun l cht thi nguy hi.
- Thng t s 83/2002/TT-BTC ngy 25/9/2002 ca B ti chnh quy nh v ch
thu, np v qun l s dng ph, l ph v tiu chun o lng cht lng.
- Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 v vic ban hnh danh
mc cht thi nguy hi.
- Quyt nh s 1969/2006/Q-BKHCN ngy 28/7/2006 ca B Khoa hc v
Cng Ngh v vic cng b chnh thc vic ban hnh cc tiu chun Vit Nam v mi
trng.
- Quyt nh s 2242- Q/KHKT-PC ngy 12/91997 ca B trng B Giao
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------thng vn ti ban hnh Quy ch bo v mi trng trong ngnh giao thng vn ti.
- Quy ch BVMT ngnh xy dng ban hnh theo quyt nh s 29/1999/Q-BXD
ngy 22/10/1999 ca B trng B Xy dng.
- Thng bo s 153/TB-VPCP ca Vn phng Chnh ph ngy 16 thng 8 nm
2007 v kt lun ca Ph Th tng Thng trc Chnh ph Nguyn Sinh Hng ti
bui lm vic vi lnh o H Tnh.
- Quyt nh s 928 Q/SGT-KH ngy 12/7/2005 ca S GTVT H Tnh v vic
chn thu kho st lp d n du t xy dng ng ni Quc l 1A vi m st Thch
Kh - tnh H Tnh.
- Quyt nh s 1549 Q/UB-CN1 ngy 02/8/2005 ca UBND tnh H Tnh v
vic ph duyt nhim v, d ton lp d n, kho st, thit k cng trnh ng ni
Quc l 1A vi m st Thch Kh - tnh H Tnh.
- Quyt nh s 1969/Q-UBND ngy 14/8/2006 ca UBND Tnh H Tnh v vic
ph duyt d n u t xy dng cng trnh ng ni QL1A vi m st Thch Kh tnh H Tnh.
- Cc tiu chun Vit Nam v mi trng nm 1995, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005.
(a) Tiu chun cht lng khng kh:
- TCVN 5937- 2005: Cht lng khng kh Tiu chun cht lng khng kh
xung quanh.
- TCVN 5938- 2005: Cht lng khng kh - Nng ti a ca mt s cht c
hi trong khng kh xung quanh.
- TCVN 5939- 2005: Cht lng khng kh - Tiu chun kh thi cng nghip
i vi cc cht v c.
- TCVN 5940 - 2005: Cht lng khng kh - Tiu chun kh thi cng nghip
i vi cc cht hu c.
(b) Tiu chun cht lng nc
- TCVN 5942- 1995: Cht lng nc Tiu chun cht lng nc mt
- TCVN 5944- 1995: Cht lng nc - Tiu chun cht lng nc ngm.
- TCVN 5945- 2005: Nc thi cng nghip Tiu chun thi
-TCVN 6772- 2000: Cht lng nc - Nc thi sinh hot - Gii hn nhim
cho php.
(c) Tiu chun ting n
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TCVN 5949-1998: m hc - Ting n khu vc cng cng v dn c- Mc n

ti a cho php.
- TCVN 5948- 1999: m hc - Ting n phng tin giao thng ng b pht
ra khi tng tc Mc n ti a cho php
(d) Tiu chun rung ng
- TVN 6952-2001: Rung ng v chn ng Rung ng do cc hot ng xy
dng v sn xut cng nghip Mc n ti a cho php i vi mi trng khu cng
cng v dn c.
(e) Tiu chun v sinh mi trng lao ng
- Cc tiu chun v v sinh mi trng lao ng ban hnh theo Quyt nh s
3733/2002/Q- BYT ngy 10/10/2002 ca B trng b Y t.
3. T CHC THC HIN LP BO CO TM
Bo co TM D n u t xy dng tuyn ng ni Quc l 1A - m st Thch

Kh, tnh H Tnh do Ch u t l S Giao thng Vn ti H Tnh thc hin vi s t
vn ca Vin Khoa hc Vt liu, phi hp cht ch vi cc cn b, chuyn gia thuc cc
lnh vc: mi trng, xy dng, a chnh, giao thng... thc hin v hon thin bo
co TM.
- C quan t vn: Phn vin Cng ngh khong sn v Mi trng - Vin
Khoa hc Vt liu - Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Vit Nam.
+ Ngi i din: PGS.TS Nguyn Xun Tng Chc v: Phn vin trng
+ a ch: Phng 302/B1. S 18 - ng Hong Quc Vit, Cu Giy, HN.
- Cc cn b thc hin chnh:
+ PGS.TS Nguyn Xun Tng - Phn vin trng - Ch tr.
+ KS Nguyn Minh Chu - Gim c S GTVT - Thnh vin
+ KS Nguyn Trn - Ph gim c S GTVT - Thnh vin
+ KS L Trng Long - Ph gim c S GTVT - Thnh vin
+ ThS Phan Vn Trng - NCV Vin KHVL - Thnh vin.
+ ThS Nguyn Th Hng - NCV Vin KHVL - Thnh vin.
+ C nhn T Vn Hnh - NCV Vin KHVL - Thnh vin.
+ KS. L Th Hoi Thu - NCV Vin KHVL - Thnh vin.
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ KS. L Th Ninh - NCV Vin KHVL - Thnh vin.

+ C nhn Nguyn c Ni - NCV Vin KHVL - Thnh vin.
- Cc bc thc hin chnh bao gm:
+ Thnh lp t cng tc v phn cng nhim v lp Bo co TM.
+ Nghin cu v kho st hin trng khu vc D n: Hin trng mi trng,
iu kin t nhin v kinh t x hi a phng.
+ Tham vn kin cng ng.
+ Xy dng cc bo co chuyn .
+ Lp bo co tng hp.
+ T chc Hi tho xin kin chuyn gia, chnh sa theo kin hi ng thm
nh.
+ Trnh cc c quan c thm quyn thm nh, ph chun bo co.
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHNG 1
M T TM TT D N
1.1. TN D N:
U T XY DNG TUYN NG NI QUC L 1A - M ST THCH
KH, TNH H TNH.
1.2. CH D N:
- S Giao thng vn ti H Tnh.

- a ch: S 143, ng H Huy Tp, thnh ph H Tnh, tnh H Tnh.
- in thoi: 039.856.713
- Ngi i din: ng Nguyn Minh Chu - Chc v: Gim c
1.3. V TR A L CA D N
Tuyn ng ni Quc l 1A vi m st Thch Kh, tnh H Tnh c im u

Km0+00 giao vi Quc l 1A ti Km504+400, thuc a phn x Thch Long huyn
Thch H (trng vi im u ca d n xy dng Quc l 1A on trnh thnh ph H
Tnh) v im cui Km25+118 giao vi Quc l 1A ti Km517+950 thuc x Cm
Vnh huyn Cm Xuyn (trng vi im cui ca d n xy dng Quc l 1A on
trnh thnh ph H Tnh). Tng chiu di tuyn ng l: L=25,118km.
S v tr c th hin hnh sau.
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10

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1.4 NI DUNG CH YU CA D N
1.4.1 Quy m xy dng v cp hng cng trnh:

Cp hng cng trnh:
Theo ch trng c xc nh ti cc cuc hp thng qua bo co u k, gia
k v cui k d n xy dng ng ni Quc l 1A vi m st Thch Kh - th x H
Tnh (nay l thnh ph H Tnh), tnh H Tnh, cp hng ca cc ton on tuyn trong
d n ny l ng cp III ng bng vi vn tc thit k V=80km/h (theo TCVN 4054
- 05).
Quy m cng trnh:

-
im u tuyn: Km0+00 Km504+400 QL1A thuc a phn x Thch Long,

huyn Thch H (trng vi im u ca d n tuyn trnh TP H Tnh).
im cui tuyn: Km25+250 Km517+800 QL1A thuc x Cm Vnh, huyn

Cm Xuyn (trng vi im cui ca d n tuyn trnh TP H Tnh).
Tng chiu di ton tuyn l: L=25,118km.
Theo Quy hoch, tuyn ng c qui m mt ct ngang nh sau:

-
B rng nn ng
: 24,0 m.
B rng mt ng
: 2 x 10,5m.
B rng di phn cch
: 2,0m.
B rng l t
: 2 x 0,5m.
Trc mt, u t tuyn ng theo quy m nh sau:

-
B rng nn ng
: 12,0 m.
B rng mt ng
: 7,0m.
B rng l gia c
: 2x2,0m.
B rng l t
: 2x0,5m.
Bng 1.1: Thng k cc tiu chun k thut

Stt
1
2
3
4
Tiu chun
Cp ng
Vn tc thit k
Bn knh ng cong nm ti thiu
Bn knh ng cong ng li nh nht
V tnh
km/h
M
M
Kt qu
Cp III
80
250
5000
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11

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Bn knh ng cong ng lm nh nht

B rng nn ng
B rng mt ng
B rng l ng
B rng l gia c, ln th s
D dc dc ln nht
dc ngang:
Mt ng
L gia c
L ng
Siu cao ln nht
M uyn n hi yu cu Eyc
Ti trng thit k
- Tuyn
- Cng trnh cng
- Cu
Tn sut thit k
- Tuyn, cng, cu nh
- Cu ln, cu trung
9
10
11
M
M
M
M
M
%
2000
12,0
3,5x2
2,5 x 2
2,0 x 2
6
%
%
%
%
daN/cm2
2
2
4
6
1530
trc
on xe
on xe
12T
H30-XB80
HL93
%
%
2
1
Phn ng giao thng:
V bnh : y l phng n xy dng tuyn ng mi hon ton nn trong

qu trnh thit k bnh tuyn b khng ch bi cc im chnh nh sau:
im u tuyn.
Cc khu tp trung dn c, miu mo n cha, trng hc.
Cc cng trnh vt sng, ng b.
im cui tuyn.
Tuyn i ngoi phm vi TP H Tnh. T im u Km0Km504+400 QL1A thuc

x Thch Long, tuyn ln lt i qua a phn cc x Thch Sn, H , Thch nh,
Thach Kh, Thch Lc, Thch Tr, Thch Thng, Cm Bnh, Cm Vnh. Tuyn vt qua
sng Nghn ti Km4+254, ct tnh l 9 ti Km4+890, vt sng Ca St ti Km 7+560,
ct tnh l 3 ti Km 12+668. Chiu di tuyn L=12,658km. Ti x Thch nh v Thch
Kh, tuyn i gia b k sng Ca St v ranh gii bi thi ca m st Thch Kh, cch
b k trung bnh 150m v ranh gii bi thi khong 200m, khng nh hng n quy
hoch ca m st.
Tt c cc ng cong trn tuyn u c thit k chuyn tip dng Cltit.
Ton phn on 1 c 07 ng cong, trong :
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12

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
01 ng cong c R = 5000m.
01 ng cong c R = 2000m.
05 ng cong c R > 250m.
Nn ng:
Cc phng n tuyn u i qua vng a hnh ng bng trng, iu kin a cht

cng trnh tng i n nh. Mt s v tr tuyn i qua vng c a cht tng i yu
phi x l c bit, ti cc on ny tu theo tnh hnh a cht s p dng cc bin php
x l nn ng ring.
Mt ng:
Da trn c s mun n hi yu cu, ti trng tnh ton, tin hnh tnh ton kt
cu mt ng v l gia c theo tiu chun thit k kt cu o ng mm 20TCN 21193 vi cp ca kt cu mt l mt ng cp cao A1. Kt qu tnh ton nh sau:
-
M un n hi yu cu: Eyc = 1530daN/cm2.
Trnh t b tr cc lp kt cu o ng t trn xung nh sau:
B tng nha cht ht trung C20 dy 5cm.
B tng nha ht th R31,5 dy 7cm.
Cp phi dm loi I dy 20cm.
Cp phi dm loi II dy 25cm.
Nn ng t i dy 50cm, K98 t Eo 400daN/cm2.

L gia c c kt cu ng nht vi kt cu mt ng xe chy
Cc loi cng trnh trn tuyn
Cc cu ln:
- Trn tuyn c hai cu ln qua sng Nghn (cu Thch Sn) v sng Ca St
(cu Ca St).
- Tnh khng thng thuyn: theo vn bn s 132 CV/SGT-QLGT ngy
07/02/2006 ca S GTVT H Tnh v vic cung cp s liu thng thuyn cu bc qua
Sng Nghn xc nh rng Sng Nghn l sng cp 3 v tnh khng thng thuyn ti v
tr cc cu nu trn nh sau:
+ Cu Thch Sn: Tng chiu di Lc = 312,14m, c kh gii hn thng thuyn
bng kh gii hn thng thuyn cu H (do cu Thch Sn nm h lu cu H
). Khu ti thiu cho khoang thng thuyn B=33m. Chiu cao tnh khng ti thiu
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13

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------cho khoang thng thuyn l 4m tnh cho mc nc triu cng ln nht ti v tr cu H

.
+ Cu Ca St: Lc=479,85m c khu ti thiu cho khoang thng thuyn l
50m. Chiu cao tnh khng ti thiu cho khoang thng thuyn l H=7m (tnh t mc
nc thng thuyn H=5%).
- Cu c thit k vnh cu bng BTCT. B rng cu: bng kh nn ng
12m. Tn sut thit k: P=1%, cp ng t cp 6.
Cng thot nc thu li:
- Trn tuyn c rt nhiu mng thu li ti tiu ct ngang ng, ti cc v tr

phi xy dng cng m bo s vn hnh ca h thng ti tiu.
- Cc cng thu li ny c lm mi vi kt cu cng hp b tng ct thp c
khu nh nht l (1,0x1,0)m hoc cng trn c khu D 1,0m tu theo chiu cao
t p ti tng v tr khu tnh ton m bo kh nng thot ca cng trnh. Khu
ca cng c thit k da trn c s thng nht bng vn bn gia S Nng nghip v
Pht trin nng thn H Tnh hoc c quan qun l vn hnh h thng ti tiu vi
n v t vn thit k.
- Ngoi ra vic thit k m bo s vn hnh thng sut h thng ti tiu khi
tuyn ng c xy dng cn c cn nhc iu chnh dng chy knh mng (nn
chnh hoc ct dng) sao cho gim c khi lng xy dng cng nh thun li cho
vn hnh.
Cng thot nc lu vc:
- B tr cc cng thot nc lu vc ngang ng vi cc loi cng trn BTCT

c khu D 1,0m hoc cng hp c khu ph hp tu theo chiu cao t p v
kt qu tnh ton thu vn cng trnh.
- Khu cc cng lu vc c tnh ton theo qui trnh tnh ton cc c trng
dng chy l 22TCN 220-95.
Cng k thut: Cc cng k thut c b tr ti cc v tr giao ct vi ng
nha c, khu cng (1x1)m.
- Trn ton tuyn ngoi 2 cu ln (Cu Thch Sn v Cu Ca St) cn c 4 cu
nh v 132 cng cc loi c b tr trn ton tuyn m bo vic thot nc v ma
ma bo khng gy ngp ng cc b
Cc cng trnh phng h: k, tng chn, gia c ta luy:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

14

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- i vi cc v tr nn ng qua vng ngp nc, i men theo sng sui hoc
p cao th xy dng gia c mi ta luy bng cc tm BTCT lp ghp tng n nh cho
cng trnh.
- Cc v tr p cao c thit k cc tiu hoc tng h lan theo qui nh ca iu
l bo hiu ng b 22TCN 237-01
i vi cc v tr nn ng qua vng ngp nc, i men theo sng sui hoc
p cao th gia c mi ta luy tng n nh cho cng trnh, bin php gia c bao gm:
- Ti cc v tr nn ng b ngp nc thng xuyn c gia c bng tm p
kn i vi phn di mc nc ngp thng xuyn, phn trn mc nc ngp thng
xuyn c gia c bng tm p h c l trng c gia. Kch thc tm kn
(40x40x5)cm, kch thc tm h (40x40x5)cm khot l D26 gia tm (thit k in
hnh c p dng d n ng H Ch Minh).
-
i cc v tr khc th tin hnh trng c mi taluy bo v.
Cc loi cu trung bnh v nh (Bng 1.2):

Bng 1.2: Thng k cc loi cu nh v trung bnh.
Stt
Tn cu (L trnh cu)
S
nhp (m)
Chiu di
cu (m)
Ghi ch
Cu Khe Bin (Km14+53,00)
1x12
22,10
Kt cu nhp dm
bn BTCT DUL
Km19 + 712,00
1x21
33,10
Kt cu nhp dm
bn BTCT DUL
Km21 + 16,50
1x18
22,90
Kt cu nhp dm
bn BTCT DUL
Km22 + 400,00
1x12
24,10
Kt cu nhp dm
bn BTCT DUL
- Cc cu c thit dng cu dm n gin. i vi cu s dng kt cu nhp

dm bn BTCT DUL th mt ct ngang gm 12 dm, mi dm rng 1,0m.
-
Cc lp mt cu gm:
+ B tng nha ht trung dy 5cm.
+ Lp phng nc dy 4mm.
+ Lp BTCT mt cu dy 10cm.
Gi cu dng gi cao su.
Khe c dn dng khe co dn cao su.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

15

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lan can tay vn bng thp m km.
- Kt cu h b (m cu) dng m ch U bng BTCT, b m c t trn h

mng cc BTCT kch thc mt ct ngang (40x40)cm.
Cc nt giao thng (giao ct):
Trn phn on tuyn c cc nt giao ln nh sau:
+ Nt giao vi QL1A u tuyn (nt s 1): nt ny c thit k trong d n

xy dng Quc l 1A on trnh th x H Tnh (nay l thnh ph H Tnh).
+ Nt giao vi ng tnh l 9 (nt s 2): Theo qui hoch ca a phng, tnh l 9
c qui m l ng cp 4 ng bng, b rng nn ng 9m, mt ng 6m v l
ng 1,5m. Do nt giao ny c thit k giao bng, bn knh cc ng cong r xe
ti thiu 25m. Phm vi ca nt trn tuyn chnh thit k ln ch xe r tri vo ng
nhnh bng cch b tr di phn cch cng c b rng thay i. Trn tuyn chnh, b tr
ln chuyn tc cho xe r phi vo ng nhnh v t ng nhnh vo ng chnh.
Trc khi vo ln chuyn tc, thit k di chuyn tip hnh nm, chiu di 50m.
+ Nt giao vi ng ni t tuyn chnh n ng 22 12 (nt s 3): Theo qui
hoch ca a phng, tuyn ng ny tng lai c qui m l ng cp 3 ng bng,
b rng nn ng 12m, mt ng 7m v l ng 2,5m mi bn, l gia c 2m mi
bn. Do nt giao ny c thit k giao bng, bn knh cc ng cong r xe ti
thiu 25m. Trn tuyn chnh v c tuyn nhnh, b tr ln chuyn tc cho xe r phi vo
ng nhnh v t ng nhnh vo ng chnh. Trc khi vo ln chuyn tc, thit
k di chuyn tip hnh nm, chiu di 50m. Ngoi ra cn thit k b tr cc di dn
hng nhm tng an ton giao thng.
+ Nt giao vi ng tnh l 3 (nt s 4): Theo qui hoch ca a phng, tnh l 3
c qui m l ng cp 3 ng bng, b rng nn ng 12m, mt ng 7m v l
ng 2,5m, l gia c 2m. Do nt giao ny c thit k giao bng, bn knh cc
ng cong r xe ti thiu 25m. Phm vi ca nt trn tuyn chnh v tuyn nhnh thit
k ln ch xe r tri vo ng nhnh v ln n xe r tri t ng nhnh vo ng
chnh bng cch b tr di phn cch cng c b rng thay i. Trn tuyn chnh, b tr
ln chuyn tc cho xe r phi vo ng nhnh v t ng nhnh vo ng chnh.
Trc khi vo ln chuyn tc, thit k di chuyn tip hnh nm, chiu di 50m.
- Cc nt giao khc thit k n gin, khng b tr o, ng cong r xe m
bo theo TCVN 4054-05, R 25m.
* i vi cc giao ct dn sinh (giao bng):
- Cc nt giao khc trn tuyn (ng huyn, ng x): thit k n gin, vut
ni vo cc ng hin hu m bo an ton xe chy.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

16

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Vut ni cao vo chnh tuyn vi dc 4%, bn knh ng cong vut ni

ti thiu R=3,0m.
-
Kt cu o ng ti v tr vut ni:
+ B tng nha ht mn dy 5cm.
+ Nha thm bm tiu chun 1kg/m2
+ Mng cp phi dm loi 1 dy 30cm.
- Phm vi lm mt ng trn on vut ni: i vi ng giao dn sinh c mt

ng hin ti l ng nha hoc b tng xi mng th mt ng mi c t mp l
gia c n ht on vut ni. i vi ng giao dn sinh l ng t, mt ng
c thc hin t mp l gia c v pha ng giao 5,5m.
1.4.2. Phng n thi cng

Thi cng nn mt ng v cng thot nc.
- o p nn ch yu vi cc loi dy chuyn thi cng hin i t khu to mui
luyn n gt mng.
- Trnh t thi cng c tin hnh nh sau:
+ Ht t mu, v sinh.
+ o mng xy cng, kt hp vi p t tng lp.
+ Lu nn, to mui luyn ng t K98.
+ Thi cng mt ng.
+ Lp t h thng cc tiu, bin bo, sn k vch.
+ V sinh hon thin.
Thi cng nn ng :
- Nn ng c thi cng p bng cp phi t i, cht m bo K0,95,
qu trnh thi cng phi ph hp vi cc qui nh sau:
+ Quy trnh kim tra nghim thu cht ca nn t trong ngnh GTVT
22TCN 02-71.
+ Qui trnh thi cng & nghim thu nn ng p bng cp phi thin nhin
22TCN304-03.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

17

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Thi cng cc lp mt ng
- Cc lp mt ng phi c thi cng ph hp vi cc qui trnh qui phm thi
cng v nghim thu sau:
+ Quy trnh thi cng v nghim thu lp cp phi dm trong kt cu o ng
t 22 TCN 334-06.
+ Quy trnh thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN 22 TCN 249-98.
+ Quy trnh th nghim xc nh m un n hi chung ca o ng mm
bng cn Benkelman 22 TCN 251-98.
- Ch c thi cng mt ng sau khi nn c t c c kt cn thit
(U90%) v tc bin dng m bo theo qui nh ti 22TCN 262-2000.
- Thi cng mt ng dng phng php thi cng cun chiu m bo s
ng u ca cc lp v bng phng ca mt theo yu cu k thut.
Thi cng cu.

- Chn thi im thi cng vo ma kh. Mc nc thi cng thp.
- Thi cng h mng bng cc bin php o trn, trnh t nh sau :
+ o mng dn nc.
+ p b vy pha thng lu, h lu cu.
+ o mng m cu, dng my bm ht kh h mng.
+ Ghp vn khun b tng mng.
+ Lp h mng.
+ Ghp vn khun b tng thn m, tng cnh.
+ Ghp vn khun b tng m h.
+ Lp t cu dm.
+ p cui si sau hai m cu.
+ Thi cng lp mt cu.
1.4.3 Phng n cung cp nguyn vt liu xy dng cho cng

trnh.
Qua iu tra cc m vt liu ti a bn thnh ph v cc i phng ln cn c th
s dng mt s v tr m nh sau:
- cc loi ly ti:
+ M Bi Vt - th x Hng Lnh - tnh H Tnh c ly vn chuyn trung bnh

l: 38km (tr lng 200.000m3).
+ M Thch nh hin ang khai thc: thuc a bn x Thch nh, c ly

vn chuyn n tuyn ng gm 20,5km ng b tng nha v 2km ng t, tr
lng khng hn ch.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

18

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ M Thch Bn hin ang khai thc: thuc a bn x Thch Bn, c ly vn

chuyn n a im gm 20,5km ng b tng nha v 1,5km ng t, tr lng
khng hn ch.
- Ct dng cho b tng ly ti m ct Cu Rc - huyn Cm Xuyn - tnh H
Tnh: tr lng 50.000m3/nm, c ly vn chuyn trung bnh n cng trnh l 37km
(trong c 1,5km ng cng v v 36,5km ng b tng nha).
- St thp, xi mng, g cc loi v nha ng lng nha ly ti thnh ph H
Tnh c ly vn chuyn trung bnh n cng trnh l 11km.
- t p ly ti:
+ M t Thch in, x Thch in, huyn Thch H, tnh H Tnh: tr lng

150.000 - 250.000m3, c ly vn chuyn n cng trnh 19,5km ng b tng nha.
+ M i ng Lc thn 3 x Nam Hng - huyn Thch H - Tnh H

Tnh: tr lng 200.000 300.000m3, c ly vn chuyn n cng trnh 20,5km (trong
1km ng t v 19,5km ng b tng nha).
+ M i p Cu Trng x Ngc Sn - huyn Thch H - Tnh H Tnh: tr

lng 200.000-270.000m3, c ly vn chuyn trung bnh n cng trnh l 21,5km ng
b tng nha.
+ M i 14 -x Ngc Sn - huyn Thch H - Tnh H Tnh: tr lng

1.000.000-1.500.000m3, c ly vn chuyn trung bnh n cng trnh l 23,5km ng b
tng nha.
- Ct p nn ng, s dng ct ly ti cc m ct c qui nh ti vn bn s
491/TNMT ngy 22/7/2005 ca S Ti nguyn v Mi trng H Tnh, c th l cc m
ct trn a bn 2 x Thch Kh v Thch Hi:
+ M ct Thch Hi ang khai thc: thuc a bn x Thch Hi, c ly vn

chuyn n a im 18,5km ng b tng nha v 0,5km ng t, tr lng khng
hn ch.
+ M ct Thch Kh hin ang khai thc: thuc a bn x Thch Kh, c ly

vn chuyn n a im gm 17,5km ng nha v 0,5km ng t, tr lng
khng hn ch.
- , ct v nha ng dng cho b tng nng ly ti th x Hng Lnh cch
trm trn Hng Lnh trung bnh 1Km.
- B tng nha ly ti trm trn Hng Lnh c ly vn chuyn trung bnh 33 km.
- Cc v tr t thi c :
+ Dc tuyn, ti cc v tr san lp ao h, m ly, c ly vn chuyn i trong
phm vi khong 1km.
+ Ti cc bi thi trn a bn thnh ph H Tnh, huyn Thch H v Cm

Xuyn, c ly vn chuyn trung bnh khong 4km.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

19

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ghi ch: Bo co TM ny khng bao gm phn khai thc khong sn, vt liu
xy dng v cc trm trn b tng phc thi thi cng cng trnh.
1.4.4 Phng n n b ti nh c:
Nh vy, khi d n hnh thnh, mt b phn dn c trn tuyn l 115 h s b nh
hng gii to, trong khi lng gii to trng khong l 89 h. Vi s lng cc h
gii to trng khng nhiu nn vic nh hng n i sng ca dn c dc tuyn l
tng i t. Cc phng n n b v ti nh c d kin nh sau:
Phng n 1: n b di di trn gi bng tin.
Phng n 2:
- n b di di bng vic cp t ti ch dn xy dng nh mi. Khu ti nh

c vi din tch 27.300m2 (bao gm t 280m2/h v t h tng c s) d kin b tr
dc theo tuyn thuc cc x H , Thch Tr, Thch Thng hoc Cm Vnh.
- n b phn t trn c s xy dng nh bng cp t mi tng ng,
phn t th c cn li s c n b bng tin.
-
n b nh ca, cng trnh bng tin xy dng nh mi.
H tr tin ph d, n nh ngh nghip v tin thu nh ch cho n khi c ni
Phng n 3:
n b di di bng vic u tin cho mua nh ti nh c.
n b trn c s nh gi t ai, nh ca bng tin mt.
mi.
- u tin cho mua nh xy mi tng ng ti cc khu th (hoc khu di

dn) ca th x theo hnh thc t hng.
-
H tr tin ph d, n nh ngh nghip v tin thu nh ch cho n khi c ni
mi.
Qua iu tra v phn tch cc phng n trn chng ti la chn phng n 2 v
nguyn vng ca a s nhn dn l c ti nh c ngay ti phng/x ( gn b vi
phn t nng nghip cn li).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

20

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- D n p dng phng n ti nh c ti ch vi cc im ti nh c c UBND

tnh ph duyt c th: x Thch Long 16.732m2, H 36.426m2, Thch Kh c 2 v
tr: v tr 1 l 13.659m2, v tr 2 l 32.784m2, Thch nh c 3 v tr: v tr 1 l 22.622m2
(ti xm 8), v tr 2 l 12.894m2 (xm 3), v tr 3 l 11.334m2(xm 11).
1.4.5. Kinh ph thc hin d n:

Tng mc u t:
Tng kinh ph thc hin d n l 524.331.897.421 ng, trong :
- Tng mc u t giai on 1: 344.818.238.109 ng, trong :
+ Gi tr xy lp sau thu: 279.205.132.021 ng
+ Chi ph QLDA v chi ph khc: 17.529.256.523 ng
+ n b gii to : 16.736.737.010 ng
+ D phng ph: 31.347.112.555 ng
- Tng mc u t giai on 2: 179.513.659.312 ng, trong :
+ Gi tr xy lp sau thu: 133.455.229.208 ng
+ Chi ph QLDA v chi ph khc: 8.864.100.990 ng
+ n b gii to : 20.874.905.540 ng
+ D phng ph: 16.319.423.574 ng
Ngun vn: Ngn sch hng nm ca a phng c s h tr ca TW.

1.4.6. Tin thc hin d n
- Lp v duyt d n TXDCT: 8/2005 - 06/2006
* Giai on 1:
- Thit k k thut v BVTC: 07/2006 09/2006
- Khi cng: 10/2006; Hon thnh: 10/2008
*Giai on 2:
- Thit k k thut v BVTC: 07/2008 10/2008
- Khi cng: 10/2008; Hon thnh : 12/2009
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

21

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHNG 2
IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG V KINH T X HI
2.1. IU KIN T NHIN V MI TRNG
2.1.1 V tr a l:
Tuyn ng ni Quc l 1A vi m st Thch Kh, tnh H Tnh c im u
Km0+00 giao vi Quc l 1A ti Km504+400, thuc a phn x Thch Long huyn
Thch H (trng vi im u ca d n xy dng Quc l 1A on trnh thnh ph H
Tnh) v im cui Km25+118 giao vi Quc l 1A ti Km517+950 thuc x Cm
Vnh huyn Cm Xuyn (trng vi im cui ca d n xy dng Quc l 1A on
trnh thnh ph H Tnh). Tng chiu di tuyn ng l: L=25,118km
2.1.2 a hnh a mo:

Hin khu vc tuyn i qua khng c ng c, a hnh khu vc tuyn i qua vng
tng i bng phng, mng li h thng giao thng thu b thun tin cho vic thi
cng d dng thun li. Tuyn nm pha ng th x H Tnh (nay l thnh ph H
Tnh), ch yu i qua rung la, rung mui, t ca dn ang canh tc, vng snh ly
v ct qua mt s khu dn c ti x Thch Long, Thch Sn, H , Thch nh,
Thch Kh, Thch Lc, Thch Tr, Thch Thng, Cm Bnh v Cm Vnh. Tuyn ct
qua 2 sng ln l sng Nghn v sng Ca St v nhiu knh mng thu li khc. Cao
trnh trung bnh ton tuyn khong 1,0m - 2,00m so vi mc nc bin.
- T Km22+400 - Km25+250 phm vi t chim dng ca tuyn nh hng n
cc m t x Cm Bnh v x Cm Vnh.
- T Km14+100 - Km17+700 tuyn bn phi cch knh N9 khong 20m.
- Khu vc kho st ch yu qua vng dn c, rung la, rung la, m ly. Qa trnh
thnh to a tng ch yu l s lng ng trm tch, tn tch, a tng ch yu l: st pha
do cng, bn st pha, ct ht mn, ct ht nh, o chy, st do mm - na cng, ct ht
nh - ht th, bt kt.
- Mc nc l cao hn mt t t nhin trung bnh 0,8-1,0m.
2.1.3 a cht:
Khu vc kho st cng trnh c mc nc ngm xut hin kh nng, mc nc ngm
ch yu ph thuc theo tng ma v lu lng nc triu cng v nc trn cc con sng,
su mc nc ngm n nh t -0,50m n 9,00m so vi mt t t nhin.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

22

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Trn c s kt qu nghin cu thc a, khoan kho st a tng, s liu th nghim

cc mu t, tham kho cc ti liu v s liu v cc lnh vc lin quan, cc vt l t nhin
v nhn to, a tng khu vc kho st tuyn phn b nh sau:
on t Km0+00 Km12+657 (tnh l 3)
- Lp 1: St pha mu xm vng, trng thi do cng. Phn b ti LKT0
(Km0+280, b dy lp l 3,00m. Kh nng chu ti ca lp trung bnh. Cng chu
ti qui c: R =1,40 kg/cm2.
- Lp 2: Ct ht nh, mu xm en, kt cu cht va. Phn b ti LKT6
(Km6+950), LKT8 (Km8+821,36), b dy lp bin i t 4,00m - 6,20m. Kh nng
chu ti ca lp kh. Cng chu ti qui c: R =2,00 kg/cm2.
- Lp 3: Bn st pha mu xm en, trng thi chy. Phn b ti LKT0 (Km0+280),
LKT1 (Km1+317,25), LKT3 (Km3+50), LKT11 (Km10+85,59), LKT12 (Km11+700),
b dy lp bin i t 3,00m - 6,20m. Kh nng chu ti ca lp yu. Cng chu ti
qui c: R <1,00 kg/cm2.
- Lp 4: Ct ht mn, mu xm en, kt cu cht va. Phn b ti LKT2
(Km2+303,7), LKT4 (Km4+903), LKT5 (Km5+980), LKT8 (Km8+821,36), LKT9
(Km9+00), LKT10 (Km9+965,39), LKTCDA (Km12+500), b dy lp bin i t
2,30m - 6,20m. Kh nng chu ti ca lp trung bnh. Cng chu ti qui c R=1,50
kg/cm2.
on t Km12+657 Km25+118 : c chia thnh 2 on:
on t Km12+657 Km21+00
- Lp 1: t san lp mt bng v t canh tc trng cy n qu,... ln vt liu vn

xy dng v cht thi sinh hot. Kt cu ri, xp. Lp ny c b dy mng.
- Lp 2: Ct ht nh mu nu vng, xm vng n su 2,2m tr xung c mu
xm n xm xm, trng thi xp, p lc tnh ton Rtc= 0,83 KG/cm2, Mdun tng bin
dng E= 81,1 KG/cm2. Lp ny c chiu dy t 3,4-3,7m.
- Lp 3: Ct ht mn cha bi mu xm en n en. Trong thnh phn cn cha
vy nh Mica v mnh v s hn. Xung y lp lng v s hn dy c v lp kp
bn st pha dy 0,2-0,4m, trng thi cht, p lc tnh ton Rtc= 0,85 KG/cm2, Mdun
tng bin dng E= 106,7 KG/cm2. Lp ny c chiu dy t 5-5,3m.
- Lp 4: Ct ht nh mu xm, xm xm, xm ghi, trng thi cht, p lc tnh ton
Rtc= 0,90 Kg/cm2, Mdun tng bin dng E= 96,6 KG/cm2. Lp ny c chiu dy t 4,15m.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

23

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Lp 5: St mu xm en n en. Trong thnh phn cn cha nhng , thu knh

nh st pha v v s hn, kt cu mm yu, trng thi do chy n chy, p lc tnh
ton Rtc= 0,52 KG/cm2, Mdun tng bin dng E= 19,1 KG/cm2. Lp ny c chiu dy
1-1,8m.
on t Km21+657 Km25+118
- Lp 1: t san lp mt bng v t canh tc trng cy n qu,.. ln vt liu vn

xy dng v cht thi sinh hot, kt cu ri, xp. Lp ny c b dy mng.
- Lp 2: St pha trng thi do mm c chiu dy t 1,5-1,7m.
- Lp 3: St ct mu nu en ln v s c trng thi t do chy n chy v bn.
Lp c din phn b kh rng trn on tuyn v gp hu ht cc l khoan kho st,
chiu dy lp t 1,9 2,5m.
- Lp 4: Lp di l ct ht nh, ht mn ln bt st, trng thi cht va. y cng l
trm tch Aluvi c nc mt vn chuyn t ni khc n. Kh nng chu lc lp ny
trung bnh. Nn ng, mng cng c th t trc tip trn tng a cht ny
2.1.4 iu kin v kh tng, thy vn

Tnh H Tnh nm trong khu vc c kh hu nhit i gi ma vi c trng ca
kh hu min Bc c ma ng lnh. Tuy nhin, do nh hng ca gi ma ng Bc
t lc a Trung Quc trn v b suy yu nn ma ng bt lnh hn v ngn hn so
vi cc tnh min Bc. Nh vy, H Tnh chu nh hng ca kh hu chuyn tip ca
min Bc v min Nam, vi c trng kh hu nhit i in hnh ca min Nam v c
mt ma ng gi lnh ca min Bc nn thi tit, kh hu rt khc nghit v c chia
lm hai ma r rt, c 1 ma ma v 1 ma kh.
Ma ma: Ma trung bnh hng nm t 2500mm n 2650mm. H tun thng 8,
thng 9 v trung tun thng 11 lng ma chim 54% tng lng ma c nm.
Ma kh: T thng 12 n thng 7 nm sau. y l ma nng gt, c gi Ty Nam
(thi t Lo) kh, nng, lng bc hi ln.
Nhit khng kh:
Nhit khng kh nh hng trc tip n qu trnh chuyn ho v pht tn cc

cht nhim trong kh quyn. Nhit khng kh cng cao th tc phn ng ho hc
xy ra cng nhanh v thi gian lu tn cc cht nhim cng nh. S bin thin gi tr
nhit s nh hng n qu trnh pht tn bi v kh thi, n qu trnh trao i nhit
ca c th v sc kho ngi lao ng.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

24

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Nhit bnh qun H Tnh thng cao. Nhit khng kh vo ma ng

chnh lch thp hn ma h. Nhit bnh qun ma ng thng t 18-22oC, ma
h bnh qun t 25,5 33oC. Cc c trng nhit khng kh nh sau:
+ Nhit khng kh trung bnh nm 24,2 oC.

+ Nhit khng kh trung bnh thng cao nht 28,1 oC.
+ Nhit khng kh trung bnh thng thp nht 20,4 oC.
+ Nhit ti cao tuyt i 30,0 oC.
+ Nhit ti thp tuyt i 17,2 oC.
S gi nng:
+ Tng s gi nng trong nm khong 1519, 1 gi.

+ S gi nng cao nht ghi nhn c trong khong thi gian t thng 4 n
thng 7 (bnh qun 7,5 gi/ngy).
+ S gi nng thp nht ghi nhn c trong khong thi gian t thng 12 n
thng 2 (bnh qun 3, 8 gi/ngy).
Ch ma:
Ch ma cng l mt yu t nh hng n cht lng khng kh. Khi ma ri

s cun theo bi v cc cht nhim c trong kh quyn cng nh cc cht nhim trn
mt t - ni m nc ma sau khi ri s chy qua. Cht lng nc ma tu thuc vo
cht lng kh quyn v mi trng khu vc.
H Tnh l tnh c lng ma nhiu min Bc Vit Nam, tr mt phn nh
pha Bc, cn li cc vng khc c lng ma bnh qun hng nm u trn 2000 mm,
c bit c ni trn 3000 mm.
+ Tng lng ma trung bnh nm 1650mm.

+ Tng lng ma cc i 2120mm, cc tiu l 970mm.
+ Lng ma cc thng trong nm bin i t 7,3mm (thng 1) n 477,3mm
(thng 8). T thng 4 n thng 10 lng ma trung bnh bin i t 29,9mm
477, 3mm. T thng 11 n thng 4 nm sau, lng ma thng t 7,3mm
29,9mm.
+ S ngy ma nm khong 157 ngy. Lng ma ngy ln nht 598mm. T
thng 11 n thng 4 nm sau t ma, kh hn. Thng 5 ma tiu mn, trung bnh
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

25

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------khong 150mm. Thng 6, 7 kh, nng, thng 8, 9, 10 ma bo nhiu, lng ma chim

45 60% lng ma c nm.
Lng bc hi:
+ Tng lng bc hi trung bnh nm khong 760 mm.

+ Thng cc thng ma h (thng 5, 6, 7, 8) lng bc hi cao chim 48 55%
lng bc hi ca c nm.
Ch gi:
Gi l nhn t quan trng trong qu trnh pht tn v lan truyn cc cht nhim
trong kh quyn. Khi vn tc gi cng ln, kh nng lan truyn bi v cc cht nhim
cng xa, kh nng pha long vi khng kh sch cng ln. Nm trong vng kh hu nhit
i gi ma, chu s tc ng trc tip ca gi ma Ty - Nam kh v nng (t thng 4
n thng 8) v gi ma ng Bc lnh, m t (t thng 11 n thng 3 nm sau). Vn
tc gi trung bnh nm 3,2m/s.
Hin tng bo nhit i:
Bo nhit i ht sc nguy him vi kh nng gy sng to, l ln ngun v nc

dng bin. Trong vng 70 nm c 80 cn bo b vo khu vc Min Trung, hng
ch yu l hng ng - Ty v ng Nam Ty Bc. H Tnh, bo lt thng xy
ra vo thng 8, thng 9 v thng 10 dng lch, gy ng lt trn din tch rng, c lc
ko di trong mt thi gian di (vic u t m rng, nng cp tuyn ng ny s gim
bt c ngp ng v l lt ko di).
m khng kh tng i:
m khng kh cng l mt trong nhng yu t t nhin nh hng trc tip n

cc qu trnh chuyn ho v pht tn cc cht nhim trong kh quyn, n qu trnh
trao i nhit ca c th v sc kho ngi lao ng. m khng kh tng i trung
bnh nm 84%. m khng kh thp nht khong 76,4% (vo thng VI).
(Ngun: Trung tm D bo Kh tng thu vn, thng 6/2007)
2.1.5. Hin trng cc thnh phn mi trng t nhin
Hin trng mi trng khng kh:
c c s so snh v nh gi mc nh hng ca hot ng thi cng n

mi trng khng kh trn tuyn ng, chng ti tin hnh kho st v quan trc
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

26

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------iu kin vi kh hu, mi trng khng kh ting n ti 8 im trn tuyn ng thc

hin d n.
Thi gian kho st v quan trc tin hnh t 8h30 n 16h30 ngy 29/6/2008 n
01/7/2008.
Kt qu quan trc mi trng khng kh cho thy hu ht cc thng s u nm
trong gii hn cho php theo tiu chun Vit Nam 5937 - 2005 quy nh v cht lng
khng kh tiu chun cht lng khng kh xung quanh. Kt qu quan trc mc n
tng ng ti cc v tr quan trc u nm trong gii hn cho php ca TCVN
5949:1998 v ting n khu vc cng cng v khu dn c Mc n ti a cho php.
Kt qu kho st, o c cho th hin trong bng 2.1.
Bng 2.1. Kt qu quan trc mi trng khng kh - ting n
Ch tiu
o
TT
VT
Kt qu
K1
K2
K3
K4
12
K5
K6
K7
K8
CO
mg/
m3
28
14
13,5
11,3 12,4 11,3 25,7
NO2
mg/
m3
0,15
0,09
0,11
0,12 0,07 0,10 0,12 0,13
SO2
mg/
m3
0.25
0,12
0,15
0,17 0,20 0,18 0,10 0,22
Hm lng bi
mg/
m3
0,28
0,12
0,18
0,15
dBA
59,2
57,6
58,1
58,6 57,8 57,2 58,7 58,3
0,13
0,11
0,17
Ghi ch: Ngy o: 29-01/7/2008, thi gian o: 8h30 - 16h30, hng gi B.

V tr o:
+ K1: Pha Ty Nam x Thch Long (Gip Quc l 1A)
+ K2: im giao ct Thch Long im
+ K3: im giao ct vi tnh l 9 (Km4+788,81).
+ K4: Nt giao Tnh l 3 (Km12+625,1)
+ K5: Nt giao ng 22/12 (km6+692,03)
+ K6: Nt giao tnh l 17 (Km17+874,29)
+ K7: Nt ng giao i H (Km23+25,30).
+ K8: Giao vi QL1A ti x Cm Vnh (trng vi on trnh thnh ph).
Hin trng mi trng nc
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

27
0,29

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ng thi vi vic quan trc hin trng mi trng khng kh, chng ti tin
hnh kho st hin trng mi trng nc mt ti 05 im trn ton b tuyn ng d
n. Kt qu quan trc thu c (Bng 2.2) cho thy cc thng s TSS (tng cht rn l
lng), COD v Coliform ca cc mu hu ht u vt tiu chun cho php theo tiu
chun Vit Nam 5942: 1995 loi B.
Bng 2.2. Kt qu quan trc mi trng nc khu vc d n
Thng s
V tr quan trc
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5
TCVN 5942: 1995
(Ct B)
pH
DO
(mg/l)
TSS
(mg/l)
COD
(mg/l)
27,1
27,3
27,6
27,9
27,5
6.9
7.3
7.1
6.8
6,5
5.6
5.9
6.1
5.9
6,0
100
60,5
113,4
68,4
80,4
25,7
55,3
23
45,7
35,5
Coliform
(MPN/
1001ml)
28 x103
35 x103
28 x103
31 x103
15x102
5,5 - 9
80
< 35
10 x 103
Nhit
(0C)
Ch thch: V tr quan trc

im W1: Mu nc mt ly ti im u tuyn ng (x Thch Long)
im W2: Mu nc mt ly ti sng Nghn on qua x Thch Sn
im W3: Mu nc mt ly ti sng Ca St
im W4: Mu nc mt ly ti Knh N9 x Thch Thng
im W5: im cui tuyn ti x Cm Vnh.
2.2 IU KIN KINH T, X HI

2.2.1. Dn c lao ng
Dn s tnh H Tnh l 1.288.513 ngi, mt 214 ngi /km2 (Nin gim
thng k tnh H Tnh nm 2006) ch yu l ngi Kinh. Cc s liu v dn c, kinh t
x hi ca tnh H Tnh trong nhng nm qua c trnh by trong cc bng sau:
Bng 2.3. T l sinh, cht v t l tng t nhin dn s
Nm
Ton tnh
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
S b 2005
T l sinh (%)
T l cht (%)
T l tng t nhin (%)
16.20
15.40
14.80
14.30
13.80
13.29
5.18
5.22
5.22
5.39
5.31
5.51
11.02
10.18
9.58
8.91
8.49
7.78
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

28

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Khu vc thnh th
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Khu vc nng thn
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
12.52
12.04
11.58
13.29
13.05
14.39
4.07
4.34
4.45
4.85
4.63
4.79
8.45
7.70
7.13
8.44
8.42
9.60
16.27
14.35
14.25
13.55
13.32
13.18
5.30
5.35
5.30
5.45
5.15
5.61
10.97
9.00
8.95
8.10
8.17
7.57
Bng 2.4. Lao ng bnh qun khu vc NN theo ngnh kinh t (n 12/01/2007)
n v tnh: Ngi
Ngh nghip
Tng s
Nng nghip v lm nghip
Thu sn
Cng nghip KT m
Cng nghip ch bin
Sn xut v phn phi in, kh
t v nc
Xy dng
Thng nghip; sa cha xe c
ng c; m t, xe my v
dng c nhn
Khch sn v nh hng
Vn ti kho bi v thng tin lin
lc
Ti chnh, tn dng
Hot ng KHCN
Cc hot ng lin quan n
KD ti sn v dch v t vn
TW qun l
a phng qun l
2004
6998
857
374
S b 2005
7085
865
340
2004
41031
2187
30
2497
1212
S b 2005
44063
2119
30
2716
1102
797
810
170
183
675
687
868
877
416
431
1248
1646
182
162
1368
1395
273
277
793
-
802
-
30
124
31
117
36
40
274
194
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

29

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Qun l nh nc v an ninh
quc phng; m bo x hi bt
buc
Gio dc v o to
Y t, cu tr x hi
Hot ng vn ho, th thao
ng, on th v hip hi
Hot ng phc v c nhn v
cng ng
1682
1715
4678
6224
20839
3864
537
1896
20970
3930
587
2801
122
97
Bng 2.5: Dn s v phn b dn c (tnh n ngy 12/01/2007)

Nm 2004
Thnh
Tng s
th
Tng s
1.286.655 141.221
Th x H Tnh
78.948 40.535
Th x Hng Lnh
35.866 14.626
Huyn Hng Sn
125.799 12.844
Huyn c Th
117.630
7.598
Huyn V Quang
33.590
2.326
Huyn Nghi Xun
99.478 11.185
Huyn Can Lc
181.241 12.484
Huyn Hng Kh
106.410
7.793
Huyn Thch H
182.780
8.763
Huyn Cm xuyn
154.562 12.879
Huyn K Anh
170.351 10.188
Nng
Tng s
thn
1.145.434 1.289.058
38.413
77.778
21.240
36.631
112.955 125.330
110.032 117.463
31.264
33.419
88.293
99.765
168.757 181.542
98.617 106.557
174.017 183.364
141.683 155.425
160.163 171.784
VT: Ngi
Nm 2005
Thnh
Nng thn
th
142.487
1.146.571
39.071
38.707
16.472
20.159
12.686
112.644
7.594
109.869
2.643
30.776
11.579
88.186
12.516
169.026
7.778
98.779
8.788
174.576
13.084
142.341
10.276
161.508
H Tnh c 01 thnh ph (thnh ph H Tnh), 01 th x (th x Hng Lnh) v 10

huyn: Nghi Xun, c Th, Hng Sn, Hng Kh, V Quang, Can Lc, Thch H,
Cm Xuyn, K Anh, Lc H (trong c 4 huyn v 1 th x min ni) vi 259 x,
phng v th trn. 7 huyn, th dc Quc l 1A; 3 huyn dc theo ng H Ch Minh
v 4 huyn c tuyn ng st Bc - Nam i qua. Theo trc ng - Ty, H Tnh c
Quc l 8A, Quc l 12 qua Lo, Thi Lan...
Kt qu v k hoch thc hin mt s ch tiu kinh t x hi nu trong bng 2.6.
Bng 2.6. Kt qu thc hin mt s ch tiu kinh t nm 2006, k hoch 2007

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

30

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------TT
Mc tiu
n v
Tng GDP gi hin hnh

C cu:
- CN-XD
- N-L-Ng nghip
- Dch v
- GDP u ngi
Tng GDP gi so snh
- Cng nghip, xy dng
- Nng, lm, ng nghip
- Dch v
Tc tng trng
- Cng nghip, xy dng
- Nng, lm, ng nghip
- Dch v
Sn lng lng thc
Bnh qun u ngi
Tc tng gi tr SX CN
-XD
Tng kim ngch XK
Thu ngn sch trn a bn
- Thu ni a
- Thu t hot ng XNK
Mc gim t l sinh th
T l tng dn s
Quy m dn s
T l tr em suy dinh dng
T l h i ngho
T l trm y t x c bc s
S gia nh vn ho
Thm s lng, bn, cm dn
c t tiu chun vn ho
Lao ng c gii quyt
vic lm
S lao ng o to
t ng
%
%
%
%
triu ng
t ng
t ng
t ng
t ng
%
%
%
%
vn tn
Kg
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
2005
5.799,8
2006
2006/2005
KH 2007
22,44
43,13
34,42
4,648
4.063,50
821,2
1.658,80
1.583,5
8,9
23,17
1,61
10,57
48,6
377,6
6.450
100
22,99
43,85
33,16
5,11
4.451,80
1.009,90
1.697,46
1.744,44
9,5
22,98
2,33
10,16
49,6
377,1
111,21
22,5
23
triu USD
t ng
t ng
t ng
%
%
1000 ngi
%
%
%
Gia nh
40,4
47,5
102,22
55
460
50
0,038
0,88
1.289
27,5
38,61
40
258.450
505
31,5
0,04
0,8
1.288
23,44
35,2
27,5
262.277
109,78
63,00
101,48
570
36
0,04
0,8
1.289
22,24
32,7
40
280.000
n v
140
170
121,43
180
ngi
30.150
30.080
99,77
30.000
ngi
25.000
25.000
109,9
109,56
122,98
102,33
110,16
102,06
99,87
7.186
100
23,36
42,37
34,27
5,42
4.919,24
1.245
1.740
1.934
10,5
23,3
2,48
10,89
51
392,2
23,8
25.000
Ngun: Bo co ca UBND tnh ti K hp th 9 HND tnh kho XV

Tnh H Tnh c c cu kinh t nh sau: Nng, lm nghip, thu sn: 42,5%; Cng
nghip, xy dng: 21,5% ; Dch v: 36%
GDP/ngi: 4.579.000 VND/nm (2005)
Tc tng trng GDP: trung bnh 8% trong 5 nm (2000-2005).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

31

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Cc ngnh ngh chnh nh sau:

-
Nng nghip: Trng la, trng hoa mu, chn nui tru, b, ln, g..
Thy sn: nh bt v nui trng c, tm, mui.
Cng nghip: Tng lai c trin vng ln v cng nghip khai thc m st
Thch Kh, khu kinh t Vng ng, nhit in
Dch v v du lch: tham quan cc di tch v danh thng ni ting.
Tnh ang y mnh tng trng v chuyn dch c cu kinh t theo hng cng
nghip ho, hin i ho, nhanh chng a tnh H Tnh ra khi tnh trng ngho, km
pht trin v tr thnh tnh c trnh pht trin kinh t - x hi kh trong khu vc.
Tnh c chnh sch u i v thu ht u t cc d n pht trin kinh t x hi.
S pht trin v nng nghip tng i ton din, ngoi cc loi cy lng thc
chnh, H Tnh cn trng mt s loi cy phc v nhu cu thit yu ca ngi dn, pht
trin n gia sc m bo ngun lng thc cho ton tnh.
2.2.2. Tnh hnh x hi

V gio dc o to:
Thc hin tt chng trnh cng c ho trng hc. Cng c cc trng cao ng,
trung hc chuyn nghip v dy ngh ca tnh (thnh lp Trng i hc H Tnh trn
c s trng Cao ng S phm H Tnh); nng cp cc trng dy ngh v trung
tm dy ngh trng im p ng yu cu o to ngun nhn lc, th lnh ngh.
Chng trnh o to theo hng ph hp vi nhu cu thc t ca tnh nhm gii quyt
lao ng th cng, th lnh ngh, cng nhn, lao ng xut khu hoc lm vic ti cc
KCN, Khu TTCN, khu kinh t trng im. Nm 2006, tnh gii quyt c 30.080
lao ng v o to c 25.000 lao ng. C chnh sch o to, bi dng v thu ht
nhn ti.
V y t:
X hi ho cc hot ng y t. Pht trin nhanh cc c s khm, cha bnh ngoi
cng lp. Thc hin tt vic chm sc sc kho ban u cho nhn dn. Nng cao cht
lng khm cha bnh, tng cng cng tc y t d phng, gim thiu t l mc v cht
do cc bnh truyn nhim gy dch, gim t l suy dinh dng cho tr em di 5 tui,
dn u c nc v vic iu tr bnh x ho c delta cho tr em di 15 tui, mi
trng sng c bo v v chng nhim.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

32

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Phn u 100% s x c bc s, 100% x c n h sinh trung hc hoc y s sn

nhi. Tng cng u t c s vt cht v o to bc s cho ngnh y t, n nm 2010
c s ging bnh 16 ging /10.000 dn, t t l 5, 8 bc s/vn dn.
V i sng vt cht v tinh thn ca ngi dn ang tng bc c nng cao,
tuy nhin ngi dn vng su, vng xa cn gp nhiu kh khn, khong cch v i
sng gia ng bng v min ni, gia cc tng lp trong dn c cn ln. Phn ln
ngi dn trong tnh sng bng ngh lm rung, trng rng, chn nui Tnh ang
phn u hng nm to thm 3 3, 5 vn ch lm vic, t chc o to chuyn nghip
v dy ngh bng nhiu hnh thc cho 3, 5 4 vn ngi. Ch trng o to lao ng k
thut cho cc cng trnh trng im, cc khu cng nghip, khu kinh t v khu vc nng
thn min ni v con em cc gia nh chnh sch. Thc hin Chng trnh Quc gia v
xo i gim ngho, u tin u t xy dng c s h tng v pht trin kinh t cc x
min ni, vng su, vng xa c bit kh khn v cc x ngho.
Cc khu di tch lch s v vn ha:
H Tnh c nhiu iu kin pht trin du lch vi cc a im sau: Bi bin
Thin Cm, Khu di tch lch s Ng ba ng Lc, Cha Hng tch ni Hng, Khu du
lch bin Xun Thnh, Khu du lch bin Chn Tin, Khu du lch sinh thi K G, Du
lch thnh ph H Tnh, Khu lu nim i thi ho Nguyn Du, Khu lu nim i danh y
Hi Thng Ln ng, Khu du lch sinh thi Sn Kim. H Tnh l mt vng qu nm
trn di t min Trung, thin nhin khng my u i, nhng H Tnh thng c coi
l ni "a linh nhn kit". Trong kh khn gian kh, con ngi vn ln to dng
c mt i sng tinh thn phong ph.
2.3 TI NGUYN THIN NHIN:
2.3.1 Ti nguyn t:
H Tnh c din tch t nhin 6.055,7 km; trong tng din tch t l 605.574
ha gm:
+ t : 6.799 ha
+ t nng nghip: 98.171 ha
+ t lm nghip: 240.529 ha
+ t chuyn dng: 45.672 ha
+ t cha s dng: 214.403 ha
Tnh H Tnh c 9 nhm t, trong nhm t mn c din tch 4432 ha, chim
0,73 % din tch ton tnh, phn b ri rc ven theo cc ca sng ca cc huyn Nghi
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

33

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Xun, Can Lc, Thch H, Cm Xuyn, K Anh, t b nhim mn do nh hng ca

nc bin xm nhp v tch lu trong t, theo 2 con ng hoc do mn trn, hoc
ngm theo mch ngang trong t.
2.3.2 Ti nguyn nc:

- Sng, h:
H Tnh c ngun nc phong ph nh h thng sng sui h p kh dy c. Sng
ln nht l sng La, ngoi ra c con sng Ngn Ph, Ngn Su, Ngn Tri, Ro Ci, Ngn
Mi. Tng chiu di cc con sng khong 400 km, tng sc cha 13 t m; vi 266 h cha
(h K G, h Sng Rc, h Ca Th Tri Tiu...) c tng dung tch tr trn 600 triu m,
282 trm bm c tng lu lng 338.000m3/s, 15 p dng tng lu lng c bn 6,9m3/s.
Vi iu kin hin ti H Tnh phc v ti c 47.737 ha /v (cha k trn 1 vn
ha rung trng l nhng b cha nc quan trng cho nhu cu sn xut v sinh hot ca
nhn dn). Sng ngi H Tnh c th chia lm 3 h thng:
+ H thng sng Ngn Su: c lu vc rng 2.061 km2; c nhiu nhnh sng b
nh sng Tim, Ro Tr, Ngn Tri.
+ H thng sng Ngn Ph: di 86 km, lu vc 1.065 km2, nhn nc t Hng
Sn cng vi Ngn Su ra sng La di 21 km, sau hp vi sng Lam chy ra Ca
Hi.
+ H thng ca sng, ca lch ven bin: nhm Ca Hi, Ca St, Ca Nhng,
Ca Khu.
Tuy lng nc sng kh ln nhng vic s dng phc v sn xut nng nghip,
sinh hot cn hn ch do b kh cn vng thng v nhim mn h lu.
Ngun nc di t: Tuy cha c s liu iu tra ton din nhng qua cc s liu
thu thp c cho thy mc nng su thay i ph thuc a hnh v lng ma
trong nm. Thng thng vng ng bng ven bin c mc nc di t nng, min
trung du v min ni thng su v d b cn kit vo ma kh, nh hng khng nh
n sinh hot ca nhn dn trong vng.
- Bin, b bin:
H Tnh c b bin di 137 km. Do ch thu triu, su, a mo, a hnh ...
nn vng bin ny c y thc vt ph du ca Vnh Bc B (c 193 loi to) v
lng ph sa ca vng ca sng to ra nhiu ngun thc n cho cc loi hi sn sinh
sng, c tr. Tr lng c 8 - 9 vn tn /nm; tm, mc, moi... 7 - 8 ngn tn /nm
nhng mi khai thc c 20 - 30%. Bin H Tnh c 267 loi c thuc 97 h trong
60 loi c gi tr kinh t cao, c 27 loi tm; vng ven bin rt thun li cho vic sn
xut mui v nui tm, cua, c, nghu, hu...
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

34

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hi o:
Cch b bin Nghi Xun 4km c hn Nm, hn Lp; ngoi khi Ca Nhng c
hn n (cch b 5km), hn Bc (cch b 2km); Nam K Anh cch b bin 4km c
hn Sn Dng cao 123m, xa hn pha ng c hn Chim nhp nh trn mt nc
l nhng v tr c tim nng du lch trong tng lai.
2.3.3 Ti nguyn ng thc vt:

Tnh H Tnh c trn 300.000 ha rng v t rng, trong din tch rng chim
66%, cn li cha c rng, gm trn 100.000 ha t trng i ni trc, t bi v bi
ct. Rng t nhin (164.978 ha) hin ch yu phn b vng ni cao, xa cc trc giao
thng, trong rng sn xut kinh doanh 100.000 ha, rng phng h 63.000 ha, che
ph 38% so vi din tch t t nhin. Rng giu chim 10%, rng trung bnh 40%, cn
li 50% l rng ngho kit. t khng c rng 151.000 ha, chim 24,4% din tch t
nhin ca tnh, trong mt s din tch sn i ang b xi mn. Thc vt ca rng
a dng v phong ph, c trn 100 h v trn 500 loi cy dng thn g, trong c
nhiu loi g qu nh: lim, sn, tu, mt, inh, g, p-mu v cc loi ng vt qu him
nh: voi, h, bo, vn en, sao la.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

35

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHNG 3
NH GI TC NG MI TRNG
3.1. NGUN GY TC NG
Ngun gc nhng tc ng n mi trng ca d n c chia thnh 2 loi:

ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi, ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n
cht thi v theo tng giai on ca d n: gii phng mt bng, thi cng xy dng v
khai thc tuyn ng.
3.1.1. Ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi
Giai on gii phng mt bng

-
Ngun pht sinh cht thi rn:
Trong qu trnh gii phng mt bng ch yu pht sinh cht thi rn t vic ph d
cc cng trnh nh ca, vt kin trc 2 bn hnh lang ng, cht cy, bc lp ph thc
b. Lng cht thi ny c tnh khong 1500 m3.
-
Ngun pht sinh cht thi lng:
Qu trnh gii phng mt bng ni chung hu nh khng lm pht sinh nc thi.

-
Ngun pht sinh bi, kh thi v ting n:
Trong giai on gii phng mt bng s pht sinh bi ch yu t vic ph d cc

cng trnh nh ca, vt kin trc, cht b cy ci. Ngoi ra, s c mt lng xe my
(my i, xe vn ti....) tham gia qu trnh gii phng mt bng. Nhng phng tin ny
khi hot ng trong khu vc lm pht sinh ting n, bi v khi thi c cha cc cht
gy nhim nh: COx, SO2, NOx, CmHn,...
Giai on thi cng xy dng

-
Ngun pht sinh cht thi rn:
Cht thi rn pht sinh trong giai on ny bao gm:

+ Cht thi rn xy dng pht sinh (nh gch v, vi va ph thi, bao b ng
vt liu, cc chng, vn cp pha gy nt, cc dng c thi cng hng hc,...). Khi lng
cht thi rn ny pht sinh khng nhiu, c thu gom ngay sau mi ca thi cng m
bo v sinh cng trng.
+ Rc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn thi cng pht sinh ti khu vc ln tri. Khi
lng rc thi sinh hot tnh bnh qun cho mt ngi Vit Nam khong 0,35 - 0,8
kg/ngi /ngy-m (Theo Qun l cht thi rn - NXB Xy dng). Theo d tnh, bnh
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

36

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------qun mi ngy s c khong 50 ngi lm vic trn cng trng. Nh vy khi lng
rc sinh hot do lc lng cn b, cng nhn lm vic thi ra ti a tnh cho mt ngy
l: 50 ngi x 0,6 kg/ngi /ngy - m = 30 kg/ngy.
-
Ngun pht sinh cht thi lng:
Trong giai on ny cht thi lng pht sinh ch c nc thi sinh hot. Vi gi
thit lng nc tiu th ti a cho mt ngi l 100 l /ngy v s lng d kin 50
ngi th c tnh lng nc thi sinh hot ca ton cng trng khong 3 - 4
m3/ngy. Theo ti liu ca t chc y t th gii (WHO) Assessment of Sources of Air,
Water and Land Pollution, mi ngy, mi ngi thi ra mt lng cht thi:
BOD5: 45 - 54 g/ngy
COD: 75 - 102 g/ngy
TSS: 70 - 102 g/ngy
Du, m: 10 - 30 g/ngy
Tng N : 6 - 12 g/ngy
NH3: 6 - 12 g/ngy
Tng P: 0,8 - 4 g/ngy
Nh vy, vi ti lng cc cht nhim c trong nc thi nh nu trn v
vi 50 ngi th hm lng cc cht nhim c trong nc thi tng i ln v c th
l ngun gy tc ng ng k n mi trng nc.
-
Ngun pht sinh bi, kh thi:
y l ngun gy tc ng ng quan tm nht trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng

cng trnh. Hot ng thi cng pht sinh bi v kh thi t cc ngun sau:
+ Bi pht sinh ra t qu trnh o p t, san i mt bng nn ng, bc d

vt liu xy dng (bi xi mng...).
+ Bi v khi cha cc kh c (COx, SO2, NOx, CmHn,...) pht sinh t hot ng

ca cc phng tin giao thng.
+ Kh c pht sinh t qu trnh ri nha ng (do qu trnh un nu nha) v

thm b tng nha.
Trong khun kh bo co, chng ti tnh ton nh lng bi v kh thi pht
sinh t qu trnh bc xc, vn chuyn v t nh sau:
m bo thi cng tuyn ng ng theo tiu chun thit k cn o khong
1.173.452 m3 t ct cc loi (gm c 2 giai on). c tnh mi ngy khi lng t
xc bc v vn chuyn c l 400 m3 (tng ng 40 chuyn xe). Theo k thut nh
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

37

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------gi nhanh ca T chc WHO (Assessment of Sources of Air, Water and Land Pollution)
l 4 kg bi /km/ xe khi vn chuyn v khu xc bc l 0,3 - 0,8 kg/m 3 t c bc,
th lng bi pht sinh do xc bc v vn chuyn khi lng t ni trn c tnh nh
sau:
* Khi lng bi pht sinh t khu xc bc trong 1 ngy: Lng bi = th tch
t bc trong 1 ngy x lng bi do bc 1m3 t = 400 m3 x 0,3 kg/m3 = 120
kg/ngy.
* Khi lng bi pht sinh t khu vn chuyn trong 1 ngy l: Lng bi =
40 chuyn xe x 4 kg /chuyn xe x 2 km = 320 kg/ngy.
* Khi lng bi pht sinh t khu t trong 1 ngy: lng bi pht sinh khu
t c th nh gi tng ng vi lng bi pht sinh trong khu xc
bc, tc l 120 kg /ngy.
+ Kh nhim t cc phng tin vn ti, phng tin thi cng tnh theo nh
mc cho xe chy bng du diezel. Vic tnh ton nng kh nhim t cc
phng tin vn ti v thi cng (Theo ti liu a cht mi trng, NXB i
hc Quc gia Thnh ph H Ch Minh) nh sau:
nh mc tiu hao nhin liu trong 1 ca (7 gi):
* t: 6, 6 lt/gi x 7 gi x 1,5 (h s xe c) x 0,9 = 62,37 kg/ca/chic.
* Xe gu xc: 10 lt /gi x 7 gi x 1,5 x 0,9 = 94,5 kg/ca/chic.
* My i T -100M v Komasu: 7 lt /gi x7 gi x1,5 x0,9= 66,15 kg/ca/chic
* My i D7: 11 lt /gi x 7 gi x 1,5 x 0,9 = 103,95 kg/ca/chic.
* Xe i C -130: 7 lt /gi x 7 gi x 1,5 x 0,9 = 66,15 kg/ca/chic.
Ti lng nhim theo nh mc (g/kg nhin liu): NO, NO2 = 20 ; CO = 200 ;
SO2 = 5 ; CnHm = 25 ; Mui than = 5.
Ti lng cht nhim kh t cc phng tin trong 1 ca thi cng nu bng 3.1.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

38

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Bng 3.1 Ti lng cht nhim kh t cc phng tin trong 1 ca thi cng
Phng tin
Nhin liu tiu

hao (kg/ca)
Ti lng cht nhim (g/ca)

NOx
CO
SO2
CnHm
Mui than
62,37
1247,4 1427,4
311,85
1584,25
311,85
Xe gu xc
94,5
1890
18900
472,5
2362,5
472,5
My i Komasu
66,15
1323
13230
330,75
1668,75
330,75
My i D7
104
2080
20800
520
2600
520
Xe i C - 130
66
1320
13200
330
1650
330
(Ngun: a cht mi trng, NXB i hc Quc gia Thnh ph H Ch Minh)
Giai on vn hnh cng trnh

-
Ngun pht sinh cht thi rn
Cht thi rn pht sinh dc tuyn ng do nhu cu sinh hot ca ngi dn a

phng (Ti cc hng qun dc tuyn ng, v sinh hot ca ngi dn,...) v khch
qua li (cc loi bao b, ti nilong, gi thc n, thc n tha,...).
-
Ngun pht sinh cht thi lng
Nc thi sinh hot l ngun gy nhim mi trng nc ng ch sau khi

cng trnh a vo s dng. Ngoi ra nc thi cn pht sinh do hot ng ca cc
phng tin giao thng, bo dng ng nh k.
-
Ngun pht sinh bi, kh thi, ting n v rung
Khi cng trnh i vo vn hnh, lu lng xe tham gia giao thng s tng so vi
hin nay. Cc phng tin giao thng s thi ra bi t, kh c nh NO x, SOx, COx,
CmHn hi xng du, bi cao su (do s bo mn gia lp xe v mt ng). Ngoi ra kh
thi cn pht sinh t qu trnh phn hu rc thi trn ng ph, rc thi sinh hot v t
cc cng, mng thot nc ca cc khu dn c trong vng.
3.1.2. Ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi:
Nc ma chy trn:
Do qu trnh thi cng s din ra lin tc cho nn khi c ma bo xy ra, nc ma

chy trn s ra tri bn t vo vc nc mt s sng v h thng rnh thot nc,
mng thy li ti cc on canh tc nng nghip trn tuyn ng. Nc ma chy
trn cng l ngun gy ra cc s c st l, ngp ng cc b nu khng lm tt cng tc
xy dng h thng thot nc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

39

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ting n v rung ng
Ngun gy n v rung ng pht sinh t vic bc d cc vt liu xy dng v ca

cc phng tin thi cng trn cng trng (xe vn ti, my o, i, my trn b tng,
my n, my bm, my ng cc, xe lu...). Ting n c trng bi ln ca mc p
sut m thanh. Sau y (Bng 3.2) l mc p sut m thanh LpA ca mt s ngun n
thng gp.
Bng 3.2. Mc p m t cc phng tin giao thng v my xy dng
Stt
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Thit b
My i
My khoan
My m nn (xe lu)
My xc gu trc
Gu ngc
My ko
My cp t
My lt ng
Xe ti
My trn b tng
Bm b tng
My p b tng
Cn trc di ng
My pht in
My nn
Ba chn v my khoan
My ng cc
Mc n (dBA), cch ngun n 15 m

93,0
87,0
72,0 - 74,0
72,0 - 84,0
72,0 - 93,0
77,0 - 96,0
80,0 - 93,0
87,0 - 88,5
82,0 - 94,0
75,0 - 88,0
80,0 - 83,0
85,0
76,0 - 87,0
72,0 - 82,5
75,0 - 87,0
81,0 - 98,0
95,0 - 106,0
(Ngun: Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh Giao thng vn ti)

Cc ngun gy n trong giai on xy dng c th coi nh thuc loi ngun im.
Theo tnh ton mc lan truyn ting n, mc n gim theo khong cch thc t tnh
t ngun (D) c xc nh nh sau:
L = 20log (D0/D)1+a. Trong : a l h s trng thi a hnh (a= 0 i vi a

hnh bng phng, khng c cy v vt chng ngi); D0 l khong cch c trng t
ngun n im o.
Kt qu tnh ton v thc t kho st cc khu vc tng t cho thy loi ngun n
ny c n gim i khong 10 dBA cho mi ln tng gp i khong cch n ngun.
(Gi s khong cch D0=5 m mc n o c l 100 dBA th khong cch D =10m
mc n l 90dBA v khong cch D =20 m mc n o c l 80 dBA).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

40

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3.1.3. D bo nhng ri ro v s c mi trng do d n gy ra:

Tnh ri ro v s c mi trng gy ra bi d n bao gm cc yu t sau:
- S c do chy n.
- S c ngp ng gy hi n hoa mu v cy trng ca dn.
- S c lao ng xy ra do hot ng thi cng.
- S c giao thng do hot ng ca cc phng tin v ngi tham gia giao thng
trn tuyn ng (tai nn giao thng).
- S c do thi tit, dng chy.

3.2. I TNG, QUY M B TC NG
i tng v quy m b tc ng trong cc giai on thc hin d n nu trong cc

bng t 3.3 - 3.5.
Bng 3.3: i tng v quy m b tc ng trong giai on gii phng mt bng
TT
1
2
3
3
i tng b tc ng
Cc h dn c
t rung vn v hoa mu trn t
Nh cp 4 ca dn
Cng trnh cng cng
Quy m b tc ng
Gm 115 h dn
Khong 506.604 m2
4.420m2
11 tr in h th, 6 tr in thoi v 35
ct in sinh hot
Bng 3.4: i tng v quy m b tc ng trong giai on thi cng cng trnh
TT
i tng b tc ng
Mi trng t, nc
Mi trng khng kh
Quy m tc ng
- H sinh thi trn cn v di nc dc theo tuyn
ng thc hin d n.
- Dn c dc theo tuyn ng thc hin d n.
- Cng nhn trc tip thi cng trn cng trng.
- Khu dn c dc theo tuyn ng thc hin DA.
- H sinh thi trn cn khu vc d n.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

41

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ting n
Cc vn v x hi

- Dn c gn hnh lang tuyn ng (khong 1000
h), tuy nhin thi gian chu nh hng ca ting
n l khng ln (khong 3-5 ngy).
nh hng n cc vn v kinh t x hi ca
cc x c tuyn ng i qua ni ring v nh
hng tch cc n mi trng kinh t x hi ca
tnh H Tnh ni chung
Bng 3.5: i tng v quy m b tc ng trong giai on vn hnh d n

TT
i tng b tc ng
Mi trng khng kh
Mi trng nc mt
Quy m b tcng
- Cc loi khi thi t ng c ca cc loi phng
tin tham gia giao thng nh hng n khu dn c,
cc cng trnh, tr s, c quan x nghip dc theo
tuyn ng thc hin d n.
- Hot ng dn sinh ca dn c dc theo tuyn
ng thc hin d n.
- H sinh thi dc theo tuyn ng
Vn ha, trt t an ton

x hi
- Dn c dc theo tuyn ng thc hin d n

ni ring v khu vc cc x m tuyn ng i qua
ni chung.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

42

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3.3. NH GI TC NG:
Trong qu trnh trin khai d n s khng trnh khi cc tc ng tiu cc n mi

trng trong khu vc. Cc yu t gy nhim, suy thoi mi trng ca d n ln mi
trng khu vc c lit k trong bng 3.6.
Bng 3.6. Cc yu t c kh nng gy nh hng tiu cc n mi trng khi
thc hin d n
Cc giai on ca
d n
TT
Chun b mt bng
(GPMB)
Thi cng xy dng
Giai on s dng
Cc tc ng c th xy ra
- Chuyn i mc ch s dng t
- Suy gim a dng sinh hc
- Bin i h thng thu vn mt
- Gim thu nhp ca h dn b di di.
- Gim sn lng nng nghip
- Gy nhim mi trng do rc thi, kh thi, bi, ting
n v nc thi.
- Quan h gia ch u t vi nhn dn a phng.
- Bi, kh c, ting n.
- Cht thi rn
- Nc thi
- Thu hp dng chy
- Ngp ng cc b.
- Tng mc s dng ti nguyn
- Quan h gia cng nhn xy dng v nhn dn a phng.
- Bi, ting n, kh thi, rc thi
- Tng dn s, tng nhu cu nng lng
- Tng lu lng giao thng v tai nn giao thng.
- Thc y kinh t pht trin.
3.3.1 Tc ng mi trng trong giai on gii phng mt bng:

Cng trnh d kin xy dng s chim dng mt phn din tch t vn, t nng
nghip, t cng cng...Sau khi tnh ton cc phng n v k thut, n b, kinh t th
phng n c la chn vi din tch n b tm tnh bao gm:
-
Din tch t vn: 506.604 m2 ;
Din tch nh cp 4 : 4.420m2;
Cng trnh cng cng: 11 tr in h th, 6 tr in thoi v 35 ct in sinh hot.
Mt s hng mc khc nh: ro xy, nh tranh tre, nh th...
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

43

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Nhn chung, din tch t ai d kin thu hi phc v Cng trnh khng ln, khng
i qua nhng vng t mang tnh nhy cm v mi trng. Hn na, khi Cng trnh
i vo s dng, vic lu thng tuyn ng trong cc vng c thun tin, gi tr s
dng t vng ln cn s c tng ln do s y mnh s pht trin kinh t - x hi
trong vng, m i tng hng li l ngi dn trong bao gm c nhng i tng
b thu hi t.
T nhng li ch trn v xut pht t nguyn vng ca ngi dn, nu vic n b
gii phng c tin hnh ng quy nh s khng xy ra nhng tranh chp, xung t
gia ngi dn v ngi dn, gia ngi dn v chnh quyn trong qu trnh gii phng
mt bng.
Tc ng n h sinh thi:
Trong giai on GPMB, h sinh thi ch yu b tc ng gm:
(1) i vi thc vt: Lm gim i mt din tch thc vt c trng trn t. Tuy
nhin, thc vt ch yu l cy c v cy nng nghip gi tr kinh t thp gm hoa mu
v mt din tch la nc, do vy, khng lm thay i nhiu n h sinh thi khu vc.
Sau khi cng trnh i vo hot ng mt s loi cy c trng v mc t nhin s phc
hi li c phn no h sinh thi vn c ca n.
(2) i vi ng vt:
- ng vt trn cn: Khi thm thc vt b cht b, cc loi ng vt s mt i ni
c tr, sinh sng, chng s di chuyn n ni c tr, sinh sng mi. Tuy nhin, cc loi
ng vt y ch yu l cc loi gm nhm, b st nh chut, rn, tc k v mt s
loi khc nh cc, nhi, chim...l nhng loi c gi tr kinh t thp, t mang tnh nhy
cm.
- ng vt di nc: Vic ph b cc thm thc vt ven b sng phc v thi
cng xy dng cu s lm nh hng n i sng ca cc loi sng thy sinh sng n
np di cc tng ven b hoc trong cc hang hc t nh cua, rn...
Nhn chung, vic gii phng mt bng cho Cng trnh s khng nh hng ln n
h sinh thi khu vc do tnh a dng sinh thi khu vc thp. Tuy nhin, ch u t s
ch o n v thi cng phi hp vi chnh quyn a phng qun l tt qu trnh gii
phng mt bng trnh cht ph hay gii phng qu mc nh hng n h sinh thi
chung ca khu vc.
3.3.2. Tc ng mi trng trong giai on thi cng xy dng

Hot ng san lp a hnh to mt bng thi cng c tc ng mnh ti cc yu t
mi trng nh: chim dng v lm thay i mc ch s dng t, nguy c gy st l
t (ti cc on a hnh dc, ta luy sn i) do xi mn; gim kh nng thot nc
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

44

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ca khu vc, lm c nc v suy gim cht lng nc mt (sng, sui, h) v nc

ngm, gim kh nng thm nc ca t do thay i kt cu t; gy nhim khng kh
do bi v cc loi kh thi pht sinh t phng tin c gii, gia tng ting n v tc ng
xu ti cuc sng ca dn c; xut hin mu thun gia cng nhn v ngi bn x do
khc nhau v li sng, tc ng n cc hot ng lm nghip, nng nghip v tnh hnh
giao thng dc tuyn ng.
xy dng cng trnh, mt lng ln vt liu xy dng v vt t s c a n
cng trnh. Qu trnh vn chuyn vt liu xy dng to nn nhiu tc ng tiu cc nh
hng ti mi trng t nhin v x hi. C th lit k cc tc ng mi trng nh sau:
st l, h hng ng vn chuyn, nhim nc mt, nc ngm, nhim khng kh
trn tuyn vn chuyn bi bi v kh thi ng c, pht sinh ting n, mi trng nhn
vn v hot ng kinh t (nng nghip, lm nghip, giao thng) b nh hng.
Vic xy dng cu cng v rnh thot nc c thc hin ng b vi vic san
lp v to mt bng tuyn ng. Tc ng tiu cc ca cng on ny ch yu gm:
tng nguy c gy st l t, gy nhim khng kh v nc tm thi trong thi gian xy
dng, nh hng n hot ng giao thng trn tuyn ng.
Di y l nhng phn tch chi tit cc loi tc ng tim tng c ngun gc t
cc hot ng ny trong thi cng :
Tc ng do nc thi
Ngun pht sinh
Trong qu trnh xy dng cng trnh, nc thi s pht sinh t nhng ngun sau:
(1). Nc thi xy dng bao gm:
-
Nc thi d tha t qu trnh trn va v lm m nguyn vt liu;
Nc thi t hot ng ra dng c v bo dng cng trnh:
(2). Nc thi sinh hot: Pht sinh t cc ln tri, sinh hot hng ngy ca cng
nhn, bao gm nc tm ra, v sinh chn tay, git gi,..(khong 50 cng nhn tham gia
xy dng).
(3). Nc ma chy trn trn mt t sinh ra trong nhng ngy tri ma.
Thnh phn v ti lng cc cht gy nhim

(1). Nc thi xy dng:
Thnh phn nc thi khng cha cc cht c hi, ch n thun l cht rn l

lng, ct, sn vi ti lng sinh ra khng ng k, nc thi chy trn b mt t
c thm qua t nh mt mng lc sau mi theo dc chy ra lu vc tip nhn
(trong trng hp lng nc thi ln). Nc thi pht sinh khi bo dng cu, cng
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

45

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------cc loi s chy trc tip xung lng sng, tuy nhin lng nc ny khng ng k v
khng cha cc tc nhn gy c hi n mi trng nc.
(2). Nc thi sinh hot:
Thnh phn cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot gm: Cc cht cn b, cc
cht l lng (SS), cc hp cht hu c (BOD/COD), cc cht dinh dng (N, P) v vi
sinh gy bnh (Coliform, E.Coli). Do nc thi sinh hot c th gy nhim ngun
nc mt v nc di t nu khng c x l.
Lng nc thi sinh hot c tnh ton trn c s nh mc nc thi v s
lng cng nhn. c tnh mt ngy mt ngi s dng tng cng khong 30 lt nc,
s lng cng nhn thi cng xy dng khong 50 ngi (s lng ny c th tng ln
vo nhng ngy cng vic cn s lng nhn cng nhiu nh b tng, phng lao, h
cc...), lng nc pht thi chim khong 80% nc cp th tng lng nc thi c
tnh 1,5m3/ngy.
Da vo h s nhim do mi ngi hng ngy a vo mi trng (khi nc thi
sinh hot cha qua x l) i vi nhng quc gia ang pht trin c th d bo ti
lng cc cht nhim sinh ra t nc thi sinh hot trong giai on thi cng xy dng
cng trnh c trnh by trong bng 3.7.
Bng 3.7: Ti lng cht nhim thi vo mi trng
Cht nhim
BOD5
Cht rn l lng
Du m
Tng Nit
Amoni
Tng Photpho
Tng Coliform
Ti lng
(g/ngi/ngy)
45 - 54
70 - 145
10 - 30
6 - 12
2,4 - 4,8
Ti lng c tnh cho 50 cng

nhn (g/50ngi/ngy)
2250 - 2700
3500 - 7250
500 - 1500
300 - 600
120 240
0,8 - 4
40 200
106 - 109 MPN/100ml
5.107 - 5.1010 MPN/100ml
Ngun: T chc Y t Th gii (WHO) - 1993

Nh vy, khi lng cc cht nhim khng ln nhng c nhim bn cao
nn ch u t cn xy dng cc nh v sinh tm thu gom, x l nc thi sinh
hot, trnh thi ba bi ra mi trng lm nhim ngun nc, nh hng n sc
khe cng nhn, cng ng dn c, gy mt m quan khu vc.
(3). Nc ma chy trn: loi nc ny ch pht sinh trong nhng ngy tri ma,
lng ma ph thuc vo ma, ngy, b mt t, dc a hnh,...
Trn ton tuyn ng c nhiu cng trnh trn sng (c bit c 2 cy cu tng
i di qua sng Nghn v sng Ca St) do trn ng di chuyn, nc ma c th
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

46

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------cun theo t, ct, cc cht nhim nh du m t cc phng tin vn ti, my mc

thi cng lm nhim dng sng tc ng n i sng thy sinh do thay i mi trng
sng, xa hn na l tc ng n cng ng dn c khi s dng ngun nc ny cho
mc ch sinh hot. Do , cn c bin php hn ch nhim nc mt, to thot rnh
hp l... trnh nhng tc ng do nc ma gy ra.
Tc ng do cht thi rn
Ngun pht sinh: Cht thi rn trong qu trnh thi cng cng trnh ch yu
pht sinh t cc ngun sau:
Rc thi xy dng pht sinh trong cc cng on thi cng;
Cht thi sinh hot ca cng nhn tham gia trn cng trng;
Thnh phn v ti lng

(1). Rc thi xy dng: bao gm cc loi rc thi sau:
- Ph thi pht sinh t cc hot ng xy dng, gm: bao b ng vt liu xy

dng, cc loi vt liu xy dng d tha nh ct, , xi mng, b tng ri vi, c vt h
hng...Ti lng cc ngun thi ny kh tnh c, n ph thuc vo kh nng tit kim
nguyn vt liu, trnh tay ngh ca cng nhn v bin php thu gom, ti s dng cc
ph liu sn xut vo cc mc ch khc.
- Trm tch pht sinh t qu trnh no vt lng sng ti v tr cc m, tr cu vi
thnh phn cha cc trm tch hu c b phn hy, ct, , si.
- Bn hu c pht sinh t qu trnh bc hu c: Trc khi lm ng cn tin
hnh bc lp v hu c m bo cht, cng cho nn t trc khi xy dng. Hot
ng ny lm pht sinh mt lng t cha hm lng cht dinh dng kh cao.
(2). Rc thi sinh hot ca cn b, cng nhn lao ng trn cng trng: Thnh
phn ch yu ca ngun thi ny gm giy loi, bao b ng thc n, cc vt dng sinh
hot...y l ngun thi d thu gom v x l. Theo c tnh, lng rc thi ca mt
ngi l 0,3kg/ngi/ngy v cn c vo lng cng nhn thi cng th lng rc thi
pht sinh c tnh 15kg/ngy (0,3kg/ngi/ngy x 50ngi).
(3). Cht thi sinh hot t qu trnh v sinh c nhn: c c im d phn hy
sinh hc; cha nhiu cht dinh dng i vi sinh vt, vi khun gy bnh v c mi hi
kh chu. Cht thi sinh hot ch yu l cht rn l lng trong thnh phn ca nc thi
sinh hot, da vo kt qu tnh ton ti lng nc thi sinh hot trong phn trn th
lng cht thi sinh hot c tnh cho 50 cng nhn thi ra trong mt ngy l 3,5kg 7,5kg. Nh vy lng cht thi ny khng ln v c th p dng cc bin php gim
thiu tc ng tch cc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

47

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
nh gi mc tc ng:
(1). Rc thi xy dng:

- i vi ph thi pht sinh t cc hot ng xy dng: ngun thi ny nu khng
c thu gom s chim dng din tch t, nh hng n m quan khu vc; nu rc
thi vt ba bi trn cng trng, khi c nc ma chy trn s b li cun, tan ra theo
nc ma s lm tng cc tc nhn nhim dng chy (sng, knh).
S tch t cc cht thi di lng sng s lm nhim ngun nc, bi lng dng
sng v lm pht sinh cc kh c gy nh hng n i sng thy sinh.
Tuy nhin, tc ng ny ch mang tnh tm thi trong giai on thi cng, cc loi
rc thi a phn c th thu gom, ti s dng vo mc ch khc (t tha c th tn
dng p nn, v bao xi mng, st thp vn c th bn cho cc thu mua ph liu).
- i vi cht l bn, t, t qu trnh no vt lng sng v bc hu c b mt
t: Lng cht thi ny nu vt ba bi, khng thu gom hp s lm chim dng tch
t, mt m quan khu vc; khi c ma lng bn, t s b cun tri lm nhim cc
lu vc tip nhn.
(2). Rc thi sinh hot v cht thi t qu trnh v sinh c nhn: Mc d lng
thi ny khng ln nhng c nhim bn cao, cha nhiu vi trng gy bnh, lm mt
m quan khu vc, gy mi hi kh chu. c bit do cng trnh nm st v ngay trn
sng, knh nc nn cht thi ny c th theo ngun nc cun xung sng, gy
nhim ngun nc, tc ng n sc khe c dn xung quanh v hin ti mt s gia
nh vn s dng nc sng vo mc ch sinh hot nh git gi, tm ra...
Tc ng n mi trng t:
Khi cng trnh ang xy dng, cc tc ng n mi trng t bao gm:
- Mt din tch t ngoi quy hoch lm ng v cu s b chim dng tm thi

lm bi cha nguyn vt liu, ln tri tm. Hot ng ny lm thay i tnh cht, kt
cu t ban u ca n.
- Hot ng thi cng xy dng gy nn xo trn, hy hoi thm thc vt v lm
tng nguy c xi mn, bc mu cho khu t; tng nguy c st l t, xi l b sng, c
bit giai on thi cng m cu hai bn b sng.
- Hot ng ca my mc thit b thi cng xy dng; vic tp kt, lu tr nhin,
nguyn vt liu; sinh hot ca cng nhn ti cng trng s lm pht sinh cc cht thi
gy nhim mi trng t nh: nc thi, cht thi rn, du m ri vi, r r, ...
Tc ng n ti nguyn sinh vt:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

48

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Khi tin hnh thi cng cu v ng s nh hng n ti nguyn sinh vt khu vc

bao gm:
- H thu sinh:
t ri, xi l, vt liu xy dng ri xung sng, knh lm tng c hoc
lm gim din tch mt nc dn n lm gim hm lng oxy ha tan trong nc gy
nh hng n i sng thy sinh.
Xng du r r hoc ha cht c hi t qu trnh lu thng v vn chuyn ca cc
phng tin theo dng nc chy vo sng, knh nh hng n i sng thu sinh v
c th tch ly trong c th sinh vt vo chui thc n.
- H sinh thi trn cn:
Din tch thm thc vt hai bn tuyn ng b ph b dn n h thc vt y
b suy gim ng thi nhng loi ng vt sng trong mi trng ny s gim dn, mt
i hoc di di i ni khc.
Trong thi gian thi cng, tc ng ca bi, kh thi s lm gim kh nng quang
hp ca cy xanh. Vic hnh thnh tuyn ng lm xo trn, ph v tnh nguyn vn
v thng nht ca h sinh thi.
Tc ng n dng chy sng, knh:
Trong qu trnh xy dng, vic xut hin cc m cu, chn cu v cc phng tin
h tr thi cng trn sng c th lm nh hng n dng chy sng ti v tr thi cng
cu.
Trn thc t, vic xy dng cu gn nh khng nh hng n ch dng chy
ca sng Nghn v sng Ca St v tng thit din ngang cc tr cu v cu khng ng
k so vi mt ct ngang sng. Ch mt s dng chy nh c th b thay i hoc i
hng do s xut hin cc m cu v chn cu, nhng cc nh hng ny rt nh. iu
ny c kim chng v nh gi i vi cc cng trnh cu vt sng khc Vit
Nam (v d nh cu Thanh Tr, H Ni).
cc on thi cng cu vt qua mng ni ng, cc vt rn, nguyn vt liu
xy dng (t, , ct, be tng...) rt xung lng knh c th lm ngn cn, tc nghn
dng chy.
Tc ng n hot ng giao thng (on qua khu vc)
- i vi giao thng ng b: S xut hin ca cc xe ti trng ln vn chuyn

nguyn vt liu, thit b phc v Cng trnh gy h hi ng s, mt xe tng lm
cn tr giao thng, c th gy ra tai nn c bit khi i qua khu vc ng dn c nh
trng hc, nh tr nu khng iu tit lng xe v tc ph hp.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

49

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- i vi giao thng ng thy: Hng ngy lu lng phng tin hot ng qua
li trn on sng i qua khu vc kh ln, bao gm tu vn chuyn hng ha c trng
ti t 5 n 500 tn, tu thuyn nh bt thu, hi sn v phng tin giao thng ng
thy khc. Hot ng xy dng cng trnh s lm nh hng n h thng giao thng
ng thu do s xut hin cc thit b thi cng trn sng; nguyn vt liu xy dng,
thit b thi cng v qu trnh thi cng trn sng gy mt an ton cho ngi v phng
tin tham gia giao thng i qua khu vc thi cng.
Ting n v rung ng.
Ting n v rung ng trong thi cng c ngun pht sinh t cc thit b thi cng
(my rung, my m, my trn b tng,), phng tin thi cng (xe ln, lu, my o,
xe ti) v cc my mc khc (my pht in, my bm,..). Cc thit b thi cng gy ting
n v rung cao trong phm vi hot ng ca ngi lao ng (92 110 dBA) song
phm vi tc ng n khu vc xung quanh ch trong vng bn knh 20 - 30 m tnh t v
tr thi cng.
Tc ng n i sng cng ng v cc hot ng kinh t

(1). Tc ng tiu cc:
- Cc tc ng nh phn tch trn ( nhim do bi, kh, ting n, rung)

gy nh hng n sc khe ca cng nhn v dn c xung quanh khu vc Cng trnh,
lm tng chi ph x hi cho vic khm cha bnh, ng thi lm gim nng sut lao
ng.
- Mu thun, bt ng c th xy ra gia cng nhn tham gia xy dng cng trnh
vi ngi dn a phng do s khc bit v li sng, thu nhp.
- S du nhp hay pht trin cc t nn x hi nh ma tu, mi dm, c bc. y l
thc t xy ra kh ph bin ti cc ln tri xy dng v khu dn c xung quanh.
(2). Tc ng tch cc:
Ngoi nhng mc tiu v kinh t, x hi v chnh tr m Cng trnh mang li, qu
trnh thi cng Cng trnh cn to ra mt s tc ng tch cc sau:
- To thm cng n vic lm cho ngi dn trong khu vc nh tham gia vn
chuyn vt t, thit b, o, p t , thi cng cng trnh...
- Gp phn tng trng cho cc hot ng thng mi, dch v cung ng vt liu
xy dng, vn ti v cc dch v phc v tiu dng khc.
Ri ro v tai bin:
(1). S c tai nn lao ng:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

50

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------S c tai nn lao ng c th xy ra bt k mt cng on thi cng xy dng cng

trnh, cc trng hp c th xy ra tai nn lao ng bao gm:
- Do cng nhn bt cn trong lao ng, thiu thc chp hnh an ton lao ng,
giao thng thp, khng c trang b cc thit b bo h lao ng;
- Khi tin hnh c, vn chuyn cc cu kin b tng hoc cc thit b thi cng c
khi lng ln;
- Khi vn chuyn cc dm cu bng xe lao dm ra cc m cu, y l hot ng c
th gy ra tai nn nghim trng nu thiu s phi hp nhp nhng gia cc b phn
trong khi vn chuyn.
Khi s c lao ng xy ra c th gy ra cc tc ng sau:
- Gy thit hi v ngi v ca cho Cng trnh;
- Gy tm l hoang mang cho cn b, cng nhn v ngi dn trong khu vc;
(2). S c chy n:
S c chy n c th xy ra gy ra thit hi nghim trng v ngi, kinh t v mi
trng. C th xc nh cc nguyn nhn c th nh sau :
-
Bom mn cha c r ph trit trc khi tin hnh thi cng xy dng;
- Cc kho cha nguyn nhin liu tm thi phc v cho thi cng, my mc, thit b
k thut (sn, xng, du DO, du FO...) l cc ngun gy chy n.
- H thng cp in tm thi cho cc my mc, thit b thi cng c th gy ra s c
git, chp, chy n....
Cc trng hp s c ny c th xy ra bt k lc no, nn ch u t s ch o
n v thi cng p dng cc bin php phng chng, khng ch hiu qu nhm hn ch
ti a s c c th xy ra.
(3). S c do thi tit:
Khi cng trnh cha hon thnh, kt cu cng trnh cha chc chn, bn vng nn
bo l, gi, lc xy c th ph v kt cu cng trnh.
(4). S c k thut:
S c k thut c th xy ra khi:
- Vic thm d, kho st a cht cha lng ht c cc thay i tng a cht
kho st dn n vic a ra cc gii php thit k, thi cng cha ph hp vi c
im a cht khu vc.
-
Thit k khng m bo cc tiu chun, quy phm thit k;
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

51

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
n v thi cng tin hnh khng ng vi cc thng s thit k ph duyt.

(5). S c do a cht cng trnh:
Theo h s nh gi a cht cng trnh, iu kin a cht cng trnh tng i

phc tp, trong tng gc c xut hin cc h thng khe nt kn, hang hc karst nh.
c im a cht ny c th dn n cc s c trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng cng
trnh cng nh khi cng trnh a vo s dng nh st ln cu, nghim trng hn l sp
cu gy nguy hi cho c s h tng, nh hng n hot ng giao thng v tnh mng
con ngi. y l vn c bit cn ch trng trong vic kho st, khoan thm d a
cht a ra bin php x l, thit k v thi cng ph hp.
3.3.3 Tc ng mi trng trong giai on s dng cng trnh:

Khi Cng trnh i vo s dng, cc tc ng n mi trng, kinh t - x hi ch
yu l nhng tc ng tch cc, tuy nhin cng tn ti nhng tc ng tiu cc, c th
nh sau:
Tc ng n mi trng khng kh
Tc nhn gy nhim khng kh trong qu trnh vn hnh cng trnh ch yu sinh

ra do hot ng ca cc phng tin giao thng lu thng i qua cu, tuyn ng, bao
gm:
-
Bi;
Kh thi ng c (thnh phn hi xng, du (CxHy), CO, CO2, NOx, SO2,...);
Ting n, rung
Ti lng, nng cc cht nhim trong mi trng khng kh, mc n gy ra

kh tnh ton c, n ph thuc vo nhiu yu t: Lu lng xe, vn tc xe, tnh nng
k thut xe, din tch cy xanh hai bn ng, mc v sinh lng ng, cc quy nh
v qun l phng tin vn chuyn ca Nh nc, tnh trng thi tit.
C th d on nng v ti lng cc cht gy nhim khng kh v ting n
s cao hn rt nhiu so vi khi cha xy dng tuyn ng: nhu cu i li ni chung
tng, s xut hin cc cng trnh, c bit khi m st Thch Kh i vo hot ng.
Tc hi do cc yu t, cht nhim trong khng kh t cc phng tin giao thng
gy ra c trnh by trn. Mc tc ng cng nghim trng khi nng cht
thi, mc n tng v thi gian tip xc vi mi trng nhim cng di.
Tc ng n mi trng nc:
Sau khi tuyn ng c a vo s dng, ngun nc mt (k c nc sng

Nghn v sng Ca St) c th b nhim ng k nu khng c cc k hoch qun l
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

52

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------nhm hn ch cc ngun tc ng v cc tc nhn gy nhim. Cc nguyn nhn gy

nhim v cc tc ng n ngun nc c th xy ra:
- Cc loi xng, du nht c th b r r ra t cc phng tin giao thng c gii
theo nc ma chy xung sng, xung knh thm vo t gy nhim ngun nc
mt v nh hng trc tip n i sng thy sinh. Tuy nhin, trn thc t lng xng
du pht thi t ngun ny xem nh khng ng k.
- Khi cng trnh i vo hot ng, s hnh thnh cc cm dn c, dch v nhm
khai thc li th giao thng thng mi trn tuyn ng; gia tng ng k lu lng
ngi v phng tin tham gia giao thng c bit khi m st Thch Kh i vo khai
thc; tng nguy c nhim mi trng cho khu vc nu khng c cc bin php kim
sot, qun l ph hp.
Tc ng ca cc cht thi rn:

Khi Cng trnh i vo s dng, cht thi rn s pht sinh t nhng ngun sau:
t, ct ri vi pht sinh t nhng phng tin vn ti tham gia giao thng lm

tng hm lng bi trn mt ng, khi c xe chy qua gy ra hin tng bi cun lm
nh hng n mi trng sng ca dn c hai bn ng c bit vo nhng ngy thi
tit kh nng, gi to v vo nhng ngy tri kh, hanh trong ma lnh.
Rc thi sinh hot (bao b, thc n d tha...) t nhng cm dn c, dch v dc 2
bn ng nu khng c thu gom x l, vt ba bi s l tc nhn gy nhim
ngun nc, mi hi thi t qu trnh phn hy cc cht hu c pht tn vo mi trng
xung quanh, gy mt m quan khu vc.
Tc ng n ch thy vn
Nh ni trn vic xy dng cu khng lm nh hng n ch thy vn

ca dng sng (c bit on i qua cu). So vi giai on thi cng, khi cu i vo hot
ng ch dng chy n nh hn do cc m cu, chn cu nh v v khng cn s
xut hin ca cc phng tin thi cng trn sng. Nh vy, cu hnh thnh khng lm
thay i ch dng chy ca sng.
Tuyn ng c p cao gy ra s thay i ch dng chy mt, tuy nhin
do khu vc c cc sng ln (sng Nghn, sng Ca St) v knh nc l lu vc tip
nhn ngun nc mt v dc khu vc hng vo lng sng, knh nn khng gy ra
hin tng ngp ng trn khu vc.
Cc s c, ri ro:
(1). S c tai nn giao thng:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

53

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- i vi giao thng ng b:

S gia tng nhanh cc phng tin giao thng c th xy ra tai nn giao thng
ng b gy thit hi v ngi v ca. y l mi nguy him c th xy ra bt c lc
no i vi ngi tham gia giao thng cng nh i vi ngi dn sng xung quanh
khu vc.
Khi tuyn ng i vo hot ng, cc h dn c c xy dng dc theo 2 bn
tuyn ng, nu khng c quy hoch ph hp, tai nn giao thng c th xy ra do
li xe b che khut tm nhn khi i qua cc on gp khc.
- i vi giao thng ng thy
S c tai nn xy ra do ngi iu khin phng tin thiu thn trng, cha c
giy php li tu thuyn, s dng cc phng tin khng t tiu chun, qu nin hn s
dng v khi tu thuyn va p vo cc m cu...Khi tai nn xy ra c th gy ra thit hi
v ngi v ca, c bit c th gy trn xng, du, ha cht do phng tin chy bng
xng, du hoc ch xng, du, ha cht.
(2). S c chy n:
C th xy ra chp in, chy n ti cc trm bin p, hoc h thng n ng.
Kh nng xy ra chy n cao vo nhng ngy ma do ng dy h d dng gy chp,
chy in khi tip xc vi nc.
(3). S c do thi tit, dng chy:
Khi c bo, sc gi km theo ma to c th ph hy cc cng trnh xy dng bng
c sc mnh ca gi v nc nh sau:
Lm ph hy kt cu nhp cu: khi cc lc lin kt khng mnh gm nhp
cu xung thn m cu th kt cu nhp cu s b nc cun tri;
Lm xi t u cu: nc trn mnh lm xi l lng m cu lm cho trng thi cn
bng ca h thng dm-m-thanh-chng b ph hy v c th lm sp cu;
Dng nc l xi mng m tr cu gy sp cu: khi nc l chy xit, lp t
lng sng nht l lp t di m tr b xi l. Di tc dng ca trng lc cu v sc
y ca gi v nc, m tr khng ng vng s nt, nghing lm sp cu;
Dng chy sng c th lm xi mn m cu: Theo tnh cht dng chy, b sng
s b l v pha t (ng cu) v bi v pha hu (Ty cu) gy nguy c an ton cho m
cu pha t;
Ch chy ca dng sng ti v tr la chn tng i n nh, t xy ra hin
tng xi l, bi p. Cao y sng on qua cu t thay i sau cc t l ln. Do
s c do dng chy t c kh nng xy ra.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

54

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tc ng n kinh t - x hi
Cc tc ng n kinh t - x hi khi Cng trnh i vo hot ng bao gm:
(1). Cc tc ng tch cc:
- Tng gi tr s dng t ca cc x c tuyn ng i qua, c bit i vi cc

l t dc theo tuyn ng mi xy dng.
- To mi lin kt, thng sut gia cc a phng trong khu vc.
- To iu kin lin thng ng ng giao thng nng thn, kt ni giao thng
vi cc x khc. y l iu kin tt thu ht cc nh u t vo kinh doanh ti cc
a phng.
- M rng c vng khai thc nguyn liu cho cc ngnh sn xut cng nghip
vt liu xy dng, khai khong; ko theo l vic gii quyt vic lm cho ngi dn trong
x, tng doanh thu ton x;
- Cu s to im nhn, cnh quan v kin trc xy dng cho khu vc;
- Tc ng tch cc n pht trin kinh t ton x, gp phn nng cao cht lng
i sng nhn dn.
- y l mt trong nhng cng trnh quan trng gp phn y nhanh tin khai
thc ca m st Thch Kh.
Nh vy, vic xy dng hon ton ph hp vi mong mun, nguyn vng ca
nhn dn, ph hp mc tiu pht trin kinh t - x hi ca khu vc ni ring v ton tnh
ni chung.
(2). Cc tc ng tiu cc:
- Cc nh my, cc im khai thc cc m t, ct, si... hnh thnh ko theo s
gia tng dn s c hc trn a bn c th pht sinh nhng vn x hi nh an ninh trt
t, t nn x hi.
-Vic hnh thnh cc khu dn c dc theo tuyn ng, nu khng c quy
hoch s dn n hin tng ln chim lng, l ng, va h lm ni bun bn gy mt
m quan v nh hng n giao thng.
Sau khi nh gi tc ng mi trng, chng ti a ra tng hp nh gi cc tc
ng trn nh trong bng 3.8.
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55

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Bng 3.8: Ma trn nh gi tc ng ca Cng trnh ln mi trng

G thc hin
Yu t MT
1. Mi trng vt l
- Cht lng khng kh
- Ting n
- Cht lng nc mt
- Cht lng nc ngm
- Mi trng t
2. H sinh thi
- H sinh thi trn cn
- H thy sinh
3. H thng thy vn
- Dng chy
4. Kinh t x hi
- S dng t
- Sc khe cng ng
- Giao thng
- X hi
- Pht trin kinh t
- Cnh quan, di tch,
cng trnh vn ha
VC NVL
GXD
TC cu
TC ng
0
0
0
-1
-1
-2
-1
0
0
-1
-1
-2
-1
-1
0
-1
-1
0
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
0
0
-2
0
-1
-1
0
-2
-1
0
+1
0
-1
-1
-2
-1
0
-2
0
0
-2
-2
-1
0
0
-1
0
0
0
0
-1
-1
0
0
+5
+5
+10
+5
+10
-1
-1
+5
-9
-12
-10
-7
+42
+37
G
GPMB
Tng cng
-37
GVH
Ghi ch: Thang im nh sau:

(-3) Tc ng tiu cc mc ng k; (-2) Mc va; (-1) Mc nh.
(0) Khng tc ng.
(+1) Tc ng tch cc mc nh; (+5) Mc mnh; (+10) Mc rt mnh.
Bng ma trn cho thy, tc ng tiu cc ch yu l tc ng trong thi gian thi
cng xy dng y l cc tc ng mang tnh tm thi, phm vi tc ng nh do tc
ng c gim nh. Tuy nhin, cn phi p dng cc bin php qun l, k thut, gio
dc hn ch thp nht cc tc ng tiu cc n mi trng v sc khe cng ng.
Cc tc ng trong giai on vn hnh, khi cng trnh i vo hot ng l cc tc ng
c bn, lu di, l cc tc ng mang gi tr dng, y tc ng tch cc. Cc tc ng
ny gp phn pht trin kinh t x hi cho khu vc ni ring v chin lc pht trin
kinh t ca ton tnh ni chung.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

56

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3.4. NH GI V PHNG PHP S DNG
Trong cc phng php p dng, phng php thu thp v thng k thng tin t
liu, phng php kho st v o c hin trng da trn c s thng k iu kin kh
tng, thy vn, kinh t x hi khu vc, kho st v o c hin trng cc thnh phn t
nhin khu vc d n theo tiu chun Vit Nam nn c tin cy cao.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

57

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHNG 4
BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG TIU CC, PHNG NGA V
NG PH S C MI TRNG
4.1. I VI CC TC NG XU:
4.1.1. Cc bin php gim thiu trong G gii phng mt bng

ca d n
Gim thiu tc ng ca qu trnh GPMB
Trn thc t, cng tc n b v gii phng mt bng l mt cng on rt phc

tp trong qu trnh thc hin Cng trnh. gim thiu cc mu thun x hi cng nh
gim thiu cc tc ng mi trng trong cng tc n b gii phng mt bng, ch u
t cn:
- Thc hin theo ng tinh thn Quyt nh s 3037/Q/BGTVT ngy 14/10/2003
ca B Giao thng Vn ti v vic quy nh v hng dn trnh t thc hin cng tc
n b gii phng mt bng phc v xy dng cc Cng trnh cng trnh giao thng,
Thng t 145/1998/TT-BTC ngy 4/11/1998 ca B Ti chnh, Ngh nh
197/2004/N-CP ca Chnh ph v vic n b thit hi khi Nh nc thu hi t s
dng vo mc ch quc phng, an ninh, li ch quc gia, li ch cng cng.
- T chc cc cuc hp ph bin, hp tham vn kin cng ng v Cng trnh,
nhm nng cao s hiu bit ca ngi dn v Cng trnh, v s cn thit ca Cng trnh,
v nhng li ch t Cng trnh, v tnh hp l ca vic n b gii phng mt bng,...
- Tip xc v lm vic vi chnh quyn a phng trin khai thnh lp b my
t chc thc hin n b gii phng mt bng v thnh lp c ch phi hp quan h lm
vic, thnh lp ban n b gii phng mt bng.
- Chnh sch c th v n b, h tr ca Cng trnh trn c s xc nh, tnh ton
gi tr t, gi tr ti sn trn t...
Qua kinh nghim cc Cng trnh c thc hin, mt phn cc mu thun x
hi pht sinh do s thiu hiu bit ca ngi dn v Cng trnh cng nh cc phng n
n b. Do , vic tuyn truyn, ph bin Cng trnh n ngi dn nh trn l ht sc
quan trng.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

58

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Cng tc n b:
Sau khi thng nht v cng b phng n n b n ngi dn, cc bc thc
hin cn thit tip theo l:
- Thc hin ng theo cc quy nh, hng dn ca Chnh ph v UBND tnh v
vic n b cho cc cng trnh, ti sn b nh hng bi Cng trnh;
- Tin hnh n b y trc khi thc hin cng tc gii phng mt bng;
- Phi hp nhp nhng gia cc bn, cc thnh vin trong ban n b gii phng
mt bng thc hin nhanh chng cng tc n b;
- Lu bin bn n b c kin ng v ch k ca ngi c n b.
T chc v thc hin gii phng mt bng

T chc gii phng mt bng c thc hin sau khi cng tc n b hon tt. Cc
hot ng trong cng tc ny bao gm:
- Thng bo trc n chnh quyn a phng cng nh ngi dn chu nh
hng bi Cng trnh trc khi thc hin cng tc gii phng mt bng;
- Xc nh chnh xc hng, tuyn ng i qua cng nh cc cng trnh ti sn
cn gii phng theo thit k bng cc bin php nh s dng my o c, cm mc,...;
- Ch u t, chnh quyn a phng v ngi dn kt hp thc hin gim st
n v, c nhn c thu gii phng mt bng nhm m bo thc hin cng tc ng
theo thit k v trnh nhng xung t vi ngi dn trong qu trnh thc hin.
Cng tc di dn, ti nh c :
Do s h phi di di khng ln nn gim thiu tc ng ca vic di dn, ti nh

c chng ti chn phng n sau :
- n b di di bng vic cp t ti ch dn xy dng nh mi. Khu ti nh c
vi din tch 27.300m2 (gm t 280m2/h v t h tng c s) d kin b tr dc theo
tuyn thuc cc x H , Thch Tr, Thch Thng, Cm Vnh.
- n b phn t trn c s xy dng nh bng cp t mi tng ng, phn
t th c cn li s c n b bng tin.
- n b nh ca, cng trnh bng tin xy dng nh mi.
- H tr tin ph d, n nh ngh nghip v tin thu nh ch cho n khi c ni
mi.
Gim thiu tc ng n mi trng t
gim thiu tc ng n mi trng t trong giai on ny chng ti a ra

cc bin php sau:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

59

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Khi tho d cc cng trnh xy dng, cht cy, bc lp ph thc b chun b mt

bng cho vic thi cng chng ti s tin hnh phn loi cht thi. i vi nhng loi c
th ti ch hoc s dng cho mc ch khc s c thu gom tin s dng. i vi
nhng loi cht thi rn cn phi x l th t chc thu gom v hp ng vi n v vn
chuyn cht thi rn a phng (T i v sinh mi trng, hp tc x mi trng
hay Cng ty mi trng th) vn chuyn n bi chn lp, x l rc ca huyn Thch
H, Cm Xuyn hoc thnh ph H Tnh (on ng i qua a phng no th hp
ng v x l a phng ). Ring i vi cc loi cht thi d phn hy t vic
n h cy ci, ph b lp ph thc b c x l ti ch bng bin php thu gom, t
ti nhng khonh t trng, xa cc khu vc nhy cm hoc lp vo nhng vng t
thp trng.
Gim thiu tc ng n mi trng nc
Tc ng n mi trng nc trong giai on ny ch yu l do nc ma ra

tri. Bin php tt nht chng ti chn nhm gim thiu tc ng n mi trng nc
giai on ny l cn khi thng cng rnh thot nc trn tuyn ng v thc hin
tt cc bin php thu gom rc thi ni trn nhm trnh s phn hu gy nhim mi
trng nc.
Gim thiu tc ng n khng kh
Cc bin php nhm gim thiu tc ng n mi trng khng kh giai on

ny l:
- Khi tho d cc cng trnh xy dng c bin php che chn trnh pht tn bi ra
mi trng xung quanh. Trng hp tho d cng trnh gp lc tri hanh kh s ti
m nhm gim thiu lng bi pht tn.
- Trong qu trnh vn chuyn cht thi i x l s dng cc phng tin tt, dng
bt che chn trn cung ng vn chuyn.
Gim thiu tc ng n h sinh thi
Mt s bin php s c p dng nhm gim thiu tc ng i vi ti nguyn

sinh vt bao gm:
(1). Thc vt :
- Hn ch vic pht quang thm thc vt qu mc, vt ngoi phm vi d kin thi
cng;
- Trng li cc thm thc vt b bc b, ch trng vic che ph thc vt nhng
vng t mi p, c bit l nhng ni c nn t yu hn ch xi mn t;
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

60

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(2). ng vt :
- Hn ch vic cht ph qu mc thm thc vt khi thc hin Cng trnh lm xo
ng mi trng sng ca ng vt.
- Hi phc thm thc vt ban u tr li ni c tr cho cc loi ng vt, thu ht
cc loi ng vt ni khc v c tr, lm tng thm tnh a dng ca khu vc.
Gim thiu tc ng n mi trng x hi
Nhn chung vic xy dng tuyn ng c tc ng tch cc n tm l ca nhn

dn cc x c tuyn ng i qua v nhng li ch thit thc mang li cho cc h dn
nh c trn tuyn ng ni ring cng nh cho s pht trin chung ca khu vc. Cc
cng trnh kin trc trong phm vi phi gii ta khng ln, chng ti s phi hp vi
chnh quyn a phng thc hin tt chnh sch n b cho cc h gia nh theo quy
nh ca Nh nc, chi tit n tng hng mc.
i vi nhng vng t nng nghip cha cn gii phng mt bng cho vic thi
cng s cho ngi dn tip tc canh tc. Vic lm ny va gp phn gim nh sc p
chuyn i ngh nghip ca ngi dn, va gip gim tc ng ln mi trng t.
4.1.2 Cc bin php phng nga gim thiu tc ng trong giai

on thi cng d n:
Nh nh gi chng 3, giai on thi cng Cng trnh l giai on gy tc
ng ln nht i vi mi trng. Do , vic thc hin cc bin php gim thiu trong
giai on ny rt quan trng. Trong , vic la chn bin php thi cng ca nh thu c
vai tr quyt nh quan trng n vic thc hin cc bin php gim thiu tip theo.
Nhm TM xut bin php thi cng cun chiu, thi cng theo tng cng on d
kim sot v hn ch nhim trn din rng. Ngoi ra, mt s bin php qun l v k
thut khc c xut nh sau:
Gim thiu tc ng n mi trng t v st l:
Nh ni Chng 3, tc ng ln nht ln mi trng t giai on ny l

hot ng pht quang lp ph thc vt, o t, thi t . Ngoi ra, mi trng t
trong khu vc cn b tc ng bi rc thi (rc sinh hot v rc sn xut), nhim bi
du m .v.v.. gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc ny, ch d n s p dng cc bin
php sau:
- Hn ch ti a vic pht quang lp ph thc vt, trng li cy v nhanh chng
phc hi thm thc vt ti nhng vng t bc lp ph thc vt; khng ch tc v
lu lng nc bng cch tng cng thot v chn v tr t cng thch hp.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

61

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Trng cy ti nhng vng t l v ti cc mi dc nhm lm gim nguy c st l

v gi n nh mi dc. Thm thc vt (c v cc loi cy bi) c kh nng to ra lin
kt b mt c tc dng tch cc chng xi l v bo mn.
- Nhng gii php k thut bo v mi dc bao gm: n nh ng o, to
rnh thu nc ti nh v chn dc, to bc gim dc, k v chn xen ln
trng cy vo mt mi dc, lm tng chn, gia c t to ra tng chn vi nhng neo
su vo t, phun b tng hoc s dng vi a k thut.
- La chn thi k thi cng tt nht (trnh thi k ma ma) hn ch nguy him
do xi l, to ch thch hp cha lp t hu c v s dng li chng sau ny.
Gim thiu tc ng n mi trng nc

(1). Nc thi xy dng
- Lt y cc v tr trn va, xi mng hn ch nc trn thm vo t gy

nhim mi trng.
- Thu gom du m bi trn ti cc bi xe x l, khng chy trn hoc thi
t do ra cng trng.
- D lau du m s c thu gom cn thn, khng vt ba bi ra mi trng, trnh
du m theo dng nc ma chy vo khu vc nc tip nhn.
(2). Nc thi sinh hot
- m bo v s lng v cht lng nc phc v cho nhu cu n ung,
tm ra, v sinh...cho cng nhn
- Ti cc khu vc ln tri s b tr cc cng trnh v sinh t hoi, cc b pht ny
c t v tr c nn cao hn nn xung quanh trnh ngp ng, tri ra khi c ma
v b tr v cui hng gi i vi khu sinh hot v lm vic tp trung ca cn b, cng
nhn trnh nh hng ca mi hi n khu dn c, cng nhn trn cng trng v
khu ln tri.
(3). Nc ma chy trn
- To cc rnh thot ma trn b mt khu vc cng trng, dn v cc h lng tm
thi sau mi c ra cc lu vc tip nhn.
- Xy dng cc nh tm cha cc phng tin vn chuyn v thit b thi cng
trnh tc ng ca nc ma chy trn.
- Hn ch cc hot ng o p, thi cng vo nhng ngy ma trnh hin
tng tri ra cht nhim trn b mt, nh hng n mi trng nc v gy mt m
quan khu vc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

62

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gim thiu tc ng n mi trng khng kh, ting n

S hn ch nh hng n mi trng khng kh bng cc gii php sau:
i vi hot ng vn chuyn t, nguyn vt liu:
- S dng xe vn chuyn qua kim nh ca c quan chc nng, m bo khi

lng kh thi v n pht sinh khi hot ng nm trong gii hn cho php.
- S dng nhin liu ng vi thit k ca ng c
- Khng ch qu trng ti quy nh
- Tng cng bo dng v nh gi cht lng kh thi ca xe, khng s dng xe
qu nin hn s dng.
- Ph bt che chn kn cc xe chuyn ch t, nguyn vt liu ri hn ch s lan
ta ca bi.
- Phun nc lm m b mt khu vc o p t v cng trng thi cng gim
lng bi pht sinh vo gi cao im (7h, 10h30 - 11h30 ; 1h30-2h; 5h-7h) c bit
quan tm n cc khu vc i qua nh dn.
- B tr lch thi cng hp l nhm hn ch s gi thi cng vo ban m ni tuyn
ng qua khu dn c.
- t bc n u c vn chuyn i p nn n , khng tn ng.
- Khng ch nguyn vt liu qu y hay qu ti trng.
gim thiu ting n t my mc thit b v cc phng tin xe c gii, d n s
p dng cc bin php sau:
- Thng xuyn kim tra bo dng thit b, thay th cc b phn b truyn ng
b do do, lp t v bo tr cc thit b gim thanh.
- Khng vn hnh cc loi my o, my xc, xe lu v cc thit b gy ting n cao
vo khong thi gian t 12h 13h v 22h 6h hng ngy.
i vi kh thi t hot ng nu, ri nha ng
- Cc trm nu nha ng c t cui hng gi hn ch i tng chu tc

ng do sc nng v kh thi pht sinh t hot ng nu v ri nha ng.
- S trang b ng, gng tay, bt mt, o qun bo h...cho cng nhn trnh nh
hng bi nhit, kh v tai nn lao ng c th xy ra nh bng, chy...
Mi hi do trm tch hu c, trm tch st v mi thi ca kh H2S trong qu

trnh lm m v dm cu.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

63

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lng t khi ht ln c vo v tr thch hp, ch u t s lm vic vi

chnh quyn a phng chn v tr thch hp hoc em phi trc khi tn dng
li (nh san lp mt bng).
Kh thi pht sinh t cc ln tri tm v khu v sinh tm
- Cc nh v sinh tm cn c xy dng cui hng gi i vi khu sinh hot

v lm vic tp trung ca cn b, cng nhn;
- Dn dp v sinh nh n trnh vt rc, thc n tha ba bi ra mi trng;
- t cc thng rc thu gom rc thi, hn ch vic x rc trn trong ln tri, trn
cng trng.
i vi tc ng do bc x nhit, nhit d:
Cn trang b cho cng nhn knh chuyn dng chng tc hi ca bc x nhit.
Gim thiu tc ng n h sinh thi, cnh quan
- Trong qu trnh thi cng, chng ti tuyt i khng xm phm n phn din tch
bn ngoi ranh gii gii phng mt bng.
- Cc hot ng o p v thi cng tuyt i khng lm ngn chn ngun nc,
x cc cht thi (du m t cc phng tin c gii) vo ngun nc.
- Hn ch mc xo ng cc tng nc ti khu vc, c bin php qun l ph
hp, khng thi cc tc nhn nhim xung sng nh hng n cht lng nc cng
nh i sng thy sinh;
- lp b tng c thc hin vo thi im cng dng chy thp, nu cn
phi tin hnh ngn hoc i hng dng chy;
i vi tc ng do cht thi rn:
B tr cc thng cha rc thi di ng trn cng trng, xy dng b cha rc

tm thi tp trung rc v vn chuyn i x l chn lp theo hp ng vi cc hp cc
n v c chc nng thu gom x l. C th nh sau:
- i vi on cng trnh i qua a phn huyn Thch H s hp ng vi Hp
tc x mi trng huyn Thch H.
- on i qua a phn Thnh ph H Tnh s hp ng vi Cng ty Qun l cng
trnh th thnh ph H Tnh.
- on i qua a phn huyn Cm Xuyn s hp ng vi T v sinh mi trng
th trn thu gom v bi chn lp ti Cm Quan.
i vi cht thi nguy hi:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

64

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- D lau c dnh du m, bng n neon ti cc ln tri ca cng nhn s c thu

gom qun l theo ng quy nh theo Thng t s 12/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy
26/12/2006 ca B TN&MT.
- Qun l ngn chn r r xng du hay cc vt liu c hi khc vo t.
Gim thiu cc tc ng n dng chy sng (ti vi tr thi cng cu)
- Dn dp cc vt dng, thit b phc v thi cng trn lng sng, m cu khng

lm cn tr dng chy ca dng sng sau khi thi cng xong.
- No vt knh mng sau khi hon thnh cng trnh tr li hin trng ban u
cho lng knh, khng cht thi ng gy nhim, cn tr dng chy.
Gim thiu cc tc ng n hot ng giao thng (on qua khu vc)

(1). i vi giao thng ng b:
m bo an ton giao thng khi c s tng t bin v lu lng cc phng tin

vn ti qua li tuyn ng n khu vc thi cng, c th:
- Phn lung ln lt tng xe i vo khu vc, thc hin nghim ngt vic iu
tit xe ra vo khu vc;
- Cc khu vc ang thi cng hoc cc khu vc nguy him s c bng ch dn, bin
bo r rng theo ng quy nh v an ton thi cng cng trnh xy dng;
(2). i vi giao thng ng thu:
m bo an ton to iu kin cho n v thi cng thun li, kp tin v
m bo an ton giao thng ng thy, chng ti s:
- Lp k hoch, quy ch i li cho cc phng tin qua khu vc, hng dn, ph
bin quy ch v thng bo thi gian cm qua li cho mi ngi tham gia giao thng
ng thy c bit;
- i vi cc thit b phc v thi cng s c b tr cc bin bo hiu, n bo
hiu vo ban m theo Quy tc bo hiu ng thy ni a VN quy nh;
- Khi ngng thi gian thi cng, n v thi cng s t chc thu dn hin trng
thng tuyn nhm m bo tuyt i an ton giao thng ng sng;
- Phi hp vi n v chc nng v qun l ng sng thc hin cng tc iu
tit giao thng thy, m bo an ton trn on sng thi cng.
Gim thiu tc ng n i sng cng ng v cc hot ng kinh t
- Thc hin tt cc gii php gim thiu tc ng n mi trng t nhin trn

tuyn thi cng.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

65

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tin hnh phn lung thi cng v b tr cc bin hiu, ngi cnh gii hng dn
phng tin i qua khu vc thi cng.
- Qu trnh thi cng tuyt i khng xm phm vo cc khu t ngoi phm vi gii
phng mt bng khi cha c s ng ca cng ng v chnh quyn a phng v
cc c quan c thm quyn.
4.1.3 Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng tiu cc trong giai on

s dng cng trnh:
Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng n mi trng khng kh, ting n:

- Khng cng trnh kin trc ln chim t lu khng ca ng giao thng.
- Thc hin cc bin php qun l nh:
+ Cm cc loi xe khng t tiu chun v sinh, tiu chun kh thi theo quy nh
ca Nh nc i vo tuyn ng;
+ Quy nh thi gian hot ng i vi mt s loi xe;
+ t bin bo cm ko ci di hi i vi phng tin giao thng ang lu thng
trn tuyn ng;
- Phi hp vi chnh quyn a phng v cc ngnh chc nng gim st, kim tra
cc phng tin lu thng trn ng.
- Tt c cc xe m bo qua kim nh v mc n v kh thi pht sinh t tiu
chun v mi trng v khng ch qu ti trng quy nh.
- B tr y h thng bin hiu quy nh tc hay cm ci khi i qua khu vc
tp trung dn c.
- Trng cc di cy xanh 2 bn ng.
- nh k lm v sinh mt ng, khng t vng vi trn ng.
Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng mi trng nc, mi trng t:
Nh ni, vic u t xy dng tuyn ng m bo khng lm thay i dng

chy nc mt m cn c tc dng tch cc khi thng dng chy ca khu vc dc
tuyn ng v cc vng ln cn.
Nhng on rnh dc ct qua ng ngang, ng r, d n s thit k y bn b
tng ct thp chu lc tng xy hc va XM100.
Ti cc ng r vo cc c quan, x nghip v ti cc giao ct trn tuyn ng,
d n thit k cng ngang t bn BTCT chu lc, b tng m m, m bo giao
thng ng r v thot nc tt.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

66

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Trong qu trnh s dng, chng ti s thc hin cc gii php sau gim thiu tc
ng n mi trng t v mi trng nc nh sau:
- p b ph nhng v tr l ng, mi ta luy b xi cc b, khng nc ng
hay xi l.
- Thng xuyn tin hnh khi thng cng rnh, khng xy ra tnh trng t
ng cc b.
- Kim sot cc hot ng vn chuyn c th xy ra s c r r cc cht gy
nhim mi trng t v mi trng nc.
- Khi c cc s c v tai nn giao thng trn ng v cu lm chy trn du, xng ra
lng ng v sng chng ti s hp ng vi cc c quan nng lc thu gom hn
ch n mc thp nht tc ng n mi trng t, nc.
Cc bin php qun l cht thi rn
- Ban qun l d n s thnh lp mt n v qun l bo dng ng c nhim v

thc hin duy tu v lm v sinh trn tuyn ng (khi thng cng rnh thot nc, thu
gom rc thi, trng cy xanh to cnh quan,...).
- Tuyn truyn, gio dc ngi dn thc gi v sinh chung, khng vt rc ba
bi trn cu, ng gy mt m quan khu vc.
4.2. I VI S C MI TRNG:
4.2.1. S c chy n v s c lao ng

phng nga v gim thiu tc ng tiu cc ca qu trnh trin khai d n ti
mi trng xung quanh th vic thc hin tt cng tc bo m an ton lao ng v v
sinh mi trng l rt cn thit. Ch u t cam kt thc hin cc cng tc sau:
Cng tc an ton lao ng:
- T chc cc lp o to, hun luyn v an ton lao ng, v sinh mi trng theo
quy nh hin hnh c bit l nhng cng nhn lm vic ti cc khu vc d xy ra tai
nn lao ng.
- Hng dn cho cng nhn cc quy trnh k thut cng nh cc qui tc an ton
vn hnh cc thit b thi cng.
- Trong qu trnh sn xut, phi tun th cc quy trnh, quy phm bt buc sau:
+ Quy phm v ni quy v an ton lao ng: Cc thit b dng in u c ni
t c in tr tiu chun, cc b phn truyn ng bng ai, pht c li bo v, cc
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

67

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------sn cng tc c lan can v hng lang. Tt c thit b thi cng lm vic trn cng trng
c xy dng quy trnh vn hnh v ni quy an ton lao ng treo ni d nhn thy.
+ Thng xuyn kim tra an ton i vi cc thit b dng in, thit b truyn
ng ( cu roa, bng ti, ...), h thng kho d tr nhin liu (xng du, nha ng,...).
+ Thc hin quy nh phng, chng chy theo quy nh ca c quan qun l
chuyn ngnh: Trn cng trng thng xuyn d tr cc bnh cha chy CO2, tp
hun v an ton phng chng chy n...
+ Duy tr vic trang b y cc phng tin an ton c nhn.
+ m bo nc ung cho cng nhn trnh hin tng say nng nht l nhng
cng nhn lm vic trn cng trng vo ma h.
+ nh k 6 thng mt ln thay i v tr lm vic cho cn b, cng nhn, nhng
ngi thng xuyn lm vic ti nhng ni c n cao.
Cng tc chm sc sc khe ngi lao ng:
- Ngi lao ng thng xuyn c trang b phng tin bo h lao ng c

nhn nh gng tay, m, ng bo h v cc dng c phng chng nhim, kh thi c
hi, c s kim tra, gim st trc tip ca cn b v an ton lao ng.
- Thc hin ch bt buc trang b phng h cho cng nhn ph hp vi tng v
tr, iu kin lm vic theo ch quy nh chung ca Nh nc.
- Trang b y cc dng c thuc men cn thit ti thiu cho vic s cu tai nn,
ri ro trong cc b phn sn xut v t chc tp hun cc qui tc s cu ban u i vi
cc s c, tai nn ri ro.
- Duy tr ch khen thng v x pht trong vic thc hin cc quy trnh k
thut, quy tc an ton lao ng trn ton cng trng.
- Duy tr vic khm sc kho nh k cho ton th cn b cng nhn vin, phn
loi sc kho v c hng x l kp thi i vi s cn b, cng nhn b bnh hoc c
sc kho yu. c bit kim tra sc khe nh k cho nhng ngi lm vic ni c
ting n, nhm pht hin sm cc ri lon bnh l do ting n gy nn nhng ngi
ny, kp thi c bin php iu tr v phng bnh tch cc.
- Bi dng c hi theo quy nh ca Nh nc i vi lao ng nng nhc v
lm vic nhng ni c hi.
4.2.2. S c ngp ng, st l t:

Khu vc trin khai d n tuy c a hnh kh bng phng, nhng l khu vc c
lng ma tng i ln nn khi ma ln, ko di d gy ng cc b. Lng nc ma
chy trn ln, dn n kh nng st l, ph hu cng trnh.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

68

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------H qu mi trng: Tng nng bn ct vo h thng thot nc trong

khu vc; Tng mc nhim nc khu vc trin khai d n do ngp ng .
- Bin php x l:
+ D n thit k m bo kh nng thot nc, chng chy trn.
+ nh k trc ma ma bo, tin hnh kim tra sa cha khu ln tri, nh lm
vic, no vt h thng mng rnh tiu thot nc
+ Xy dng v u ni cc on knh dn nc ti tiu nm trong phm vi gii
phng mt bng trc khi tin hnh thi cng.
+ Chng chng nh ca, kho tng, ... phng chng gi bo.
+ Thnh lp v duy tr c hot ng ca i cu h, chng lt bo trn cng
trng, ng thi phi hp vi lc lng phng chng thin tai a phng trong nhng
lc cn thit.
4.2.3. S c giao thng
S c tai nn giao thng:

- i vi giao thng ng b
+ Ch u t c trnh nhim phi hp vi Cnh st Giao thng b tr y cc

bin bo giao thng ng b ng quy nh v cc v tr thch hp trn cc cu cng
nh cc tuyn ng nhm hn ch ch tc giao thng, tai nn v cc s c giao thng
khc;
+ H thng giao thng gm: cc tiu, bin bo, cng trnh phng h, sn k
ng theo quy trnh bo hiu ng b TCN 237-01;
+ m bo chiu sng trn cu c thc hin theo tiu chun (TCVN-405998). H thng chiu sng s thng xuyn c bo dng, thay th kp thi cc thit b
hng, trnh gy chp, chy n, c bit vo nhng ngy tri ma;
+ n v qun l ng phi hp vi Cnh st Giao thng v chnh quyn a
phng tng cng tuyn truyn, gio dc ngi dn a phng v an ton giao thng.
- i vi giao thng ng thy
+ B tr bin hiu theo quy nh v giao thng thy ti khu vc sng c cu, bt
cc n bo hiu vo ban m ti tt c cc v tr m cu;
+ Yu cu cc phng tin phi tun th cc quy nh ca php lut v giao
thng ng thy, ch u t cng trnh s ban hnh cc quy nh chi tit nhm m
bo an ton lung lch, cng trnh cu i vi cc phng tin vn ti thy lu thng
qua khu vc cu, phi hp vi cc c quan chc nng b tr y h thng phao tiu
hng dn ng thy;
+ Khi s c trn du xy ra, Ch u t c trch nhim bo co kp thi v phi
hp vi cc c quan chc nng (Cnh st Phng chy cha chy, S Ti nguyn v Mi
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

69

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------trng, cc c s c cc phng tin khc phc s c trn du) khc phc mt cch
nhanh nht, hiu qu nht cc s c trn du.
+ Sn sng cc phng tin, dng c ng cu khi s c xy ra. i vi s c trn
du l s dng cc phao quy, sau ht du, hp ph bng vt liu hp ph.
S c chy n:
- S dng h thng kim thu st trn cc kt cu xy dng chng st nh trc

tip vo cc trm bin p. Tt c cc ct in trn thuc h thng chiu sng ca tuyn
ng, cu u c ni t;
- Thng xuyn kim tra, x l cc s c i vi h thng n ng;
- Chun b cc thit b PCCC ti cc trm bin p v o to cho cng nhn qun
l, vn hnh trm bin p sn sng ng ph vi cc s c chy, chp in trm bin p.
S c do thi tit
- Thit k b bo v ng, rnh thot nc, gia c taluy ti nhng on ng c

nguy c b xi l;
- n v qun l cu phi hp vi cc c quan chc nng nhm thc hin ng cc
quy nh ca Php lnh phng chng bo lt;
- Xy dng b k chng xi mn cc m cu di tc ng ca dng chy.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

70

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHNG 5
CAM KT THC HIN BIN PHP BO V MI TRNG
Chng ti cam kt s tun th cc hng dn, ch o ca cc c quan qun l Nh
nc v bo v mi trng. Trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng, BQLDA s nh k kim tra,
xem xt ci tin k thut thi cng nhm m bo iu kin v sinh, mi trng v thc hin
cc gii php nhm gim thiu tc ng tiu cc n mi trng nh sau:
Gim thiu tc ng n mi trng t nhin
- Phng tin vn chuyn phi c ph bt kn theo ng quy nh, tc xe chy

theo phng n c duyt v thng xuyn phun nc chng bi trn tuyn ng vn
chuyn cng nh ti cc khu vc thi cng hn ch pht tn bi ra xung quanh.
- Xy dng h thng thot nc ma v u ni ph hp vi dng chy mt trn
tuyn ng thi cng.
- t thi be p ng ch dng be p nhng on a hnh su, ti
nhng khc cua gt m bo an ton giao thng, hn ch xm phm vo dng chy
mt. Ngay sau khi be p tin hnh gia c mi, k kt hp trng cy xanh, thm c
trn mi taluy. Cc cng tc ny c tin hnh dt im trong ma kh gim thiu
tc ng do ra tri, xi mn t vo ma ma l.
- Cc hng mc cu, cng cng c t chc thi cng vo ma kh khi mc
nc thi cng thp gim thiu tc ng.
- Xy dng v u ni cc on mng mng ti tiu b gii ta do nm trong
hnh lang gii phng mt bng trc khi thi cng ng, m bo cung cp nc ti
tiu bnh thng, khng nh hng n hot ng sn xut nng nghip ca nhn dn.
- Hp ng vi c quan chc nng v vic thu gom, lu tr, x l, tiu hu cc
cht thi rn (cc hp tc x mi trng, t i v sinh mi trng, Cng ty Qun l
cng trnh th thnh ph H Tnh).
- i vi cht thi nguy hi pht sinh s c qun l theo hng dn ti Quyt
nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v
ban hnh danh mc cht thi nguy hi v Thng t s 12/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy
26/12/2006 ca b Ti nguyn v Mi trng hng dn th tc ng k ch ngun thi
cht thi nguy hi, h s cp php vn chuyn x l, tiu hu cht thi nguy hi.
- Trng cy xanh ti cc vng t trng v cc bi t hu c to cnh quan v
gim thiu cc tc ng do ra tri, xi mn t.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

71

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gim thiu tc ng n mi trng x hi:
- Khi d n c trin khai v i vo thi cng s nh hng n i sng ca cc

h dn sn xut nng nghip trong din b gii ta, di di. Vic chuyn i ngnh ngh
sau khi b trng dng mt phn t rung sn xut nng nghip l rt ng quan tm. V
vy, ngoi vic n b theo ng ch chnh sch ca Nh nc, ch d n kt hp
vi chnh quyn a phng cc x dc tuyn ng thc hin cc chng trnh c th
nhm n nh i sng ca cc h b nh hng nh sau:
- i vi vn chuyn i ngnh ngh cho ngi dn: Ch d n s c k
hoch phi hp tt vi cc t chc qun chng (Mt trn t quc, Hi nng dn, Hi
lin hip ph n, Hi cu chin binh, Hi lm vn .v.v.) v chnh quyn a phng t
chc cc cuc tp hun v chuyn i v nh hng chuyn i ngnh ngh mt cch
ph hp cho ngi dn.
- Vn v qun l chi tiu i vi s tin c n b: y l mt vn x
hi rt ng c quan tm, ngi dn cn c tp hun v vic lm, v s dng ng
vn hp l .v.v.. gii quyt vn ny ch d n s phi hp vi chnh quyn a
phng v cc t chc x hi trong vic tp hun, nng cao nhn thc cho ngi dn v
nng cao hiu qu ng vn trong sn xut.
Ch d n cam kt tun th theo cc tiu chun mi trng c lin quan
n qu trnh trin khai, thc hin d n nh sau:
(a) Tiu chun cht lng khng kh:
- TCVN 5937-2005: Cht lng khng kh Tiu chun cht lng khng kh
xung quanh.
- TCVN 5938-2005: Cht lng khng kh - Nng ti a ca mt s cht c
hi trong khng kh xung quanh.
(b) Tiu chun cht lng nc:
- TCVN 5942- 1995: Cht lng nc - Tiu chun cht lng nc mt
- TCVN 5945-2005: Nc thi cng nghip Tiu chun thi
- TCVN 6772- 2000: Cht lng nc - Nc thi sinh hot
(c) Tiu chun ting n:
- TCVN 5949-1998: m hc - Ting n khu vc cng nghip v dn c.
(d) Tiu chun rung ng:
- TVN 6952-2001: Rung ng v chn ng Rung ng do cc hot ng xy
dng v sn xut cng nghip.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

72

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHNG 6
CC CNG TRNH X L MI TRNG,
CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG
6.1. DANH MC CC CNG TRNH X L MI TRNG
Trong khun kh d n, bo v mi trng chng ti s trang b v xy dng cc

cng trnh sau:
- Trang b thng thu gom rc thi khu vc thi cng v khu ln tri cng nhn.
- Xy b t hoi v cc khu v sinh tm x l nc thi sinh hot cng nhn.
- Trang b bm nc phun ti m khu vc thi cng.
- Xy dng h thng mng, rnh dc tuyn ng
- Xy dng h thng cng thot nc mt
- Trng cy xanh, thm c dc nhng khu t trng tuyn ng.
6.2. CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG:
6.2.1 Chng trnh qun l mi trng

qun l tt vn bo v mi trng trong qu trnh thc hin d n t giai
on gii phng mt bng n giai on cng trnh i vo vn hnh, ban qun l d n
s phi hp vi c quan qun l nh nc v mi trng a phng lp k hoch qun
l v a ra ch ti nghim khc thc hin tt cng tc bo v mi trng c th cho
tng giai on thc hin d n. C th:
Giai on chun b mt bng:
- Phi hp vi ban gii phng mt bng tnh H Tnh v chnh quyn a phng
gii quyt trit cc th tc n b cho nhn dn v cc n v, t chc trong din gii
phng mt bng theo cc ch trng, chnh sch ca Nh nc.
- T chc mt i c nhim v thu gom cc cht thi rn pht sinh khi tho d cc
cng trnh xy dng hay n h cy ci v vn chuyn n cc bi x l chn lp theo
hp ng vi n v ch qun.
Giai on thi cng xy dng:

C 2 cn b gim st n v thi cng vi cc nhim v:
- Gim st vic vn chuyn t thi theo ng quy nh a ra, nghim cm

thi cht thi sinh hot t ln tri ca cng nhn vo ngun nc.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

73

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gim st cht thi rn t sinh hot ca cng nhn, cht thi trong qu trnh thi cng
xy dng v cc loi vt liu nh bao b ng vt liu xy dng, cnh cy,.v.v., b tr cc
im thu gom hp l.
- Gim st hot ng ca cc thit b thi cng. Cc thit b c du hiu xung cp,
h hng cn c bo dng hay thay th kp thi gim thiu lng kh thi c hi
pht sinh gy nhim mi trng khng kh xung quanh.
- Gim st vic lp t v bo tr cc thit b gim thanh i vi cc phng tin thi
cng.
- Gim st lch trnh thi cng: Khng thi cng vo nhng gi ngh (t 11h30 n
13h, t 23h n 5h30) lm nh hng n sinh hot ca nhn dn.
- Gim st vic xy dng khu ln tri sinh hot ca cng nhn m bo thng
thong, hp v sinh.
- Theo di phn ng v kin t pha ngi dn trong qu trnh thi cng c
phng n iu chnh cc bin php thi cng sao cho ph hp, khng lm ny sinh tm l
tiu cc.
Giai on a cng trnh vo s dng:
Phi hp vi chnh quyn a phng thnh lp mt t (khong 10 ngi) nh

k thc hin duy tu v lm v sinh ng, kim tra tnh trng h thng thot nc, cc
mng mng dn nc ti tiu nng nghip, khi thng dng chy m bo tiu thot
nc tt, khng gy ngp ng nh hng n hot ng sn xut nng nghip.
6.2.1 Chng trnh gim st mi trng:
Gim st mi trng xung quanh giai on thi cng

-
Gim st mi trng khng kh, ting n khu vc thi cng:
+ Thng s gim st: Bi l lng, bi tng s, SO2, CO, NO2, hm lng CxHy,
mc n, rung.
+ Tiu chun so snh:
* TCVN 5937: 2005 quy nh v tiu chun cht lng khng kh xung
quanh;
* TCVN 5949: 1998 quy nh v mc n ti a cho php khu vc cng
cng v khu dn c;
* TCVN 6962: 2001 quy nh v mc rung ng ti a cho php i vi
mi trng khu cng cng v khu dn c.
* Tn sut thc hin: 03 thng /ln.
-
Gim st cht lng nc mt:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

74

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ Thng s gim st: pH, BOD5, COD, DO, SS, Du, m, Coliform.
+ V tr gim st: 4 im trn ton tuyn.
+ Tiu chun so snh: TCVN 5942: 1995 quy nh v tiu chun cht lng
nc mt.
+ Tn sut thc hin: 06 thng /ln.
Gim st mi trng xung quanh giai on vn hnh tuyn ng

-
Gim st mi trng khng kh xung quanh khu dn c trn tuyn ng giai

on vn hnh:
+ Thng s gim st: Bi l lng, bi tng s, SO2, CO, NO2, hm lng
CxHy, mc n, rung.
+ Tiu chun so snh:
* TCVN 5937: 2005 quy nh v tiu chun cht lng khng kh xung
quanh;
* TCVN 5949: 1998 quy nh v mc n ti a cho php khu vc cng
cng v khu dn c;
* TCVN 6962: 2001 quy nh v mc rung ng ti a cho php i vi
mi trng khu cng cng v khu dn c.
+ Tn sut thc hin: 02 ln / nm cho nm vn hnh u tin v 01 ln /nm
cho cc nm tip theo.
Gim st cht lng nc mt:

+ Thng s gim st: pH, BOD5, COD, Oxy ha tan, Cht rn l lng, Du,
m, Coliform.
+ V tr gim st: 5 im trn dc tuyn ng.
+ Tiu chun so snh: TCVN 5942: 1995 quy nh v tiu chun cht lng
nc mt.
+ Tn sut thc hin: 02 ln /nm cho nm vn hnh u tin v 01 ln /nm
cho cc nm tip theo.
6.2.2. Kinh ph cho quan trc v gim st mi trng:

Cn c theo Thng t s 83/2002/TT-BTC ca B Ti chnh quy nh ch
np, qun l, s dng ph, l ph v tiu chun o lng - cht lng, biu n gi phn
tch, ly mu mi trng ca lin B Ti chnh Ti nguyn v Mi trng v cc
hng dn khc, kinh ph tnh cho vic gim st mi trng cho tng giai on c
tnh nh sau
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

75

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Giai on thi cng xy dng cng trnh: 25.000.000 ng/nm ch u t s

yu cu n v thi cng thc hin y chng trnh quan trc trong giai on ny.
- Giai on vn hnh: 10.000.000 ng/nm kinh ph quan trc c tnh vo gi
thnh xy dng. Hng nm, ch d n s lp k hoch gim st v hp ng vi c quan
chuyn mn o c, ly mu phn tch di s gim st ca c quan qun l nh
nc v bo v mi trng ti a phng.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

76

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHNG 7
D TON KINH PH CHO CC CNG TRNH MI TRNG
Kinh ph bo v mi trng d n gm cc hng mc cng trnh nm trong h
tng k thut nh: h thng thot nc mt, thu gom cht thi rn, Ngoi ra d n
cn dnh ngun kinh ph cho cc hot ng gim thiu tc ng ti mi trng xung
quanh nh: xy dng b t hoi cho khu v sinh ca cng nhn, bm nc ti m
khu vc thi cng, trang b thng ng rc thi trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng v khi
d n i vo hot ng, chi ph cho hot ng quan trc mi trng t giai on chun
b d n n khi d n i vo hot ng, cng tc v sinh mi trng trn tuyn ng
khi i vo vn hnh.
Bng 7.1. Kinh ph BVMT ca d n
GIAI ON XY DNG
Ni dung cng vic
1. Thng ng rc thi
2. Xy b t hoi khu ln
tri cng nhn
Kinh ph
(ng)
GIAI ON VN HNH
Ni dung cng vic
5.000.000 Ph v sinh mi trng

20.000.000
XD b hay thit lp bi thu

gom rc dc tuyn ng
3. Trang b xe ti nc
500.000.000 Trng cy xanh
4. Xy dng h thng
mng, rnh
600.000.000
5. H thng cng thot

nc mt
700.000.000
6. Trng cy xanh, thm

c
100.000.000
Cng
Kinh ph
(ng)
1.925.000.000
Ph d cc nh v sinh
tm
30.000.000 n
50.000.000
100.000.000
50.000.000
200.000.000
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

77

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHNG 8
THAM VN KIN CNG NG
KIN CA UBND V UBMTTQ CA CC X DC TUYN NG.
Qua nghin cu xem xt nhng tc ng v mi trng v bin php gim thiu

tc ng xu v mi trng, UBND v UBMTTQ cc x dc tuyn ng ng thng
nht bin php gim thiu cc tc ng xu v mi trng m d n cn thc hin nh
sau:
Bin php gim thiu tc ng n mi trng nc, h sinh thi
- C bin php bo v cht lng nc v h sinh thi nc khng cc cht thi

rn v du cn ca thit b thi cng vo ngun nc.
- Cc cht thi sinh hot t cc ln tri ca cng trnh phi c thu gom tp trung
v c vn chuyn n bi rc x l .
- C phng n khai thc, san gt t hp l, khai thc n u phi to taluy n
, xy k chn ti cc ni suy yu khng nh hng n dng chy gy st l, bi
lp dng sui v p cha nc phc v sn xut nng nghip.
Bin php gim thiu tc ng mi trng khng kh, ting n
- Ti nc lin tc khu vc thi cng khng ch bi, c bit l ti cc khu vc

gn dn c, tr s hnh chnh, cc cha trn tuyn ng. Che kn mui xe cc phng
tin vn chuyn t v vt liu xy dng trnh pht tn bi.
- Lp t v bo tr cc thit b gim thanh trn cc thit b xy dng gim ting
n.
Bin php chng ngp ng
- Trong khun kh d n xy dng v m rng h thng thot nc m bo thot

nc tt hn, khng lm thay i dng chy so vi hin trng.
- Chng xi mn b sng bng cch xy dng b k hc ti cc im c nguy
c xi mn cao v m bo khng thay i hng dng chy.
Bin php m bo an ton giao thng
- Trong qu trnh thi cng phi c cc bin php cn thit nh lp t n v bin

bo giao thng m bo an ton giao thng ti nhng ni d xy ra tai nn. Cc
phng tin vn ti ca n v thi cng chy qua nhng khu vc dn c phi m bo
tc theo quy nh.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

78

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ngh n v thi cng phi c bin php khc phc, no vt lng sng, knh,
mng do qu trnh thi cng bi lp, m bo ngun nc phc v sn xut ti khu vc.
- Phi lun lun m bo thng tuyn cho cc phng tin giao thng hot ng
trn tuyn ng.
Chng xi l t
Ti cc v tr c nguy c sp, xi l t cn phi h thp taluy, xy b k hc,

trng c. Hn ch tc ng n cnh quan mi trng nh cy ci chng xi l.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

79

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHNG 9
CH DN NGUN CUNG CP S LIU, D LIU
V PHNG PHP NH GI
9.1 NGUN CUNG CP S LIU, D LIU
9.1.1. Ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho:

Trong qu trnh chun b Bo co TM, chng ti tham kho cc ti liu sau:
[1] Bo co hin trng mi trng tnh H Tnh cc nm 2005, 2007.
[2] Cc tiu chun Nh nc VN v mi trng. Tp 1: Cht lng nc; Tp 2: Cht

lng khng kh, m hc, cht lng t, giy loi. H Ni 1995.
[3] nh gi tc ng mi trng phng php lun v kinh nghim thc tin, GS.TS
L Thc Cn, NXB HQG H Ni 2000.
[4] nh gi tc ng mi trng phng php v ng dng, L Trnh, NXB KHKT

[5] nh gi tc ng mi trng, PGS Hong Xun C NXB HQG H Ni 2000.
[6] a cht mi trng, NXB i hc Quc gia Thnh ph H Ch Minh.
[7] D n u t xy dng cng trnh: ng ni Quc l 1A vi m st Thch Kh,
tnh H Tnh.
[8] Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n cng trnh giao thng.

Cc Mi trng 1999.
[9] Khung hng dn nh gi tc ng mi trng chin lc i vi qui hoch pht

trin h thng ng giao thng. i hc Quc gia H Ni 2002.
[10] K thut mi trng. Nh xut bn gio dc 2004.

[11] Mi trng v nhim, L Vn Khoa, NXB Gio dc - 1995
[12] Nin gim thng k tnh H Tnh, nm 2006.
[13] S liu kh tng trung bnh nhiu nm, Cc thng k H Tnh 2006.
[14] Tc ng mi trng ca d n giao thng v bin php gim thiu. i hc Quc
gia H Ni 2002.
[15] Tuyn tp bo co ti Hi tho ln th nht v GTMT. H Ni 1997.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

80

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9.1.2 Ngun ti liu, d liu do ch d n t to lp

Phng n bi thng GPMB s b D n .
9.2 PHNG PHP P DNG TRONG NH GI TC NG
TRNG:
MI
9.2.1. Danh mc cc phng php s dng:

Trong qu trnh lp bo co TM ca D n trn, cc phng php nghin cu sau
c s dng nh sau:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

81

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1) Thu thp v thng k cc thng tin t liu: y l phng php c s

dng trong hu ht cc phn ca bo co v l mt phng php quan trng trong qu
trnh lp bo co. Nhng thng tin t liu c thu thp bao gm: Nhng thng tin v
iu kin t nhin, a l, kh hu thu vn, t ai, cng ng dn c, kinh t, x hi,...
nhng thng tin lin quan n hin trng mi trng khu vc, v c s h tng k thut
ca khu vc, nhng thng tin t liu v bo co hin trng ca D n, cc quy nh v
quyt nh ca chnh ph, h thng cc tiu chun v mi trng ca Nh nc Vit
Nam c lin quan, cc ti liu chuyn ngnh v cng ngh, k thut v mi trng lin
quan.
2) Phng php kho st v o c hin trng: Phng php ny c s

dng ch yu trong phn nh gi hin trng, bao gm: qu trnh kho st, chn im
o, qu trnh o c cc thng s v mi trng khng kh, nc, ting n; qu trnh
phn tch x l mu trong phng th nghim v qu trnh kho st thc a, iu tra cc
h sinh thi, cc cng ng dn c, tnh trng sc kho cng ng,...; Qu trnh ly
mu, o c, phn tch trong phng th nghim tun th nhng quy nh ca cc TCVN
p dng.
3) Phng php chuyn gia: Phng php ny c s dng trong tt c cc

phn ca qu trnh xy dng bo co. y l phng php quan trng nht, nhm s
dng k nng ca cc chuyn gia c chuyn mn su v lnh vc c lin quan phn
tch, nh gi, d bo v xut cc gii php x l.
4) Phng php nh gi nhanh: Tnh ton ti lng nhim theo cc phng

php ang c p dng rng ri ca t chc y t th gii (WHO).
5) Phng php so snh: Phng php so snh c dng nh gi mc nh

hng ca d n n mi trng trn c s tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam, ng thi
xut cc bin php gim thiu tc ng, nhim mi trng.
6) Phng php ma trn
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

82

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9.2.2. nh gi mc tin cy ca cc phng php s dng

Trong cc phng php p dng, phng php thu thp v thng k thng tin t
liu, phng php kho st v o c hin trng da trn c s thng k iu kin kh
tng, thy vn, kinh t x hi khu vc, kho st v o c hin trng cc thnh phn t
nhin khu vc d n theo tiu chun Vit Nam nn c tin cy cao.
Cc phng php cn li l cc phng php da trn kinh nghim v c tnh k
tha nn cc nh gi cn mang tnh ch quan v do khun kh bo co thc hin cha
c s tham gia ca cc chuyn gia c chuyn mn su v lnh vc c lin quan nn cc
tc ng n mi trng cng nh cc bin php gim thiu a ra cha c chiu su v
cn mang tnh nh tnh (nh gi mc nng, nh, lu di, tm thi ca tc ng) m
cha nh gi nh lng chnh xc c phm vi lan ta ca bi, ting n cc iu
kin thi cng khc nhau; cha tnh ton nh lng chnh xc phm vi tc ng n
cht lng dng chy mt dc tuyn thi cng.
9.3 NHN XT V MC CHI TIT, TIN CY CA CC NH GI
Nh trn ni, do cc nguyn nhn khch quan v ch quan nn nh gi cc tc

ng n mi trng cn hn ch v chiu su. Tuy nhin nh gi nu ra c y
cc tc ng tiu cc n mi trng khi d n c trin khai cng nh ra cc
bin php gim thiu mang tnh kh thi.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

83

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
KT LUN V KIN NGH

1. Kt lun:
ng ni Quc l 1A vi m st Thch Kh l cng trnh h tng giao thng
ngoi hng ro phc v cho vic khai thc m st Thch Kh. Trong thi gian t 5-10
nm ti th tuyn ng ni t Quc l 1A vi m st Thch Kh l tuyn ng chnh
vn chuyn vt t thit b khai thc m. ng ni Quc l 1A vi m st Thch
Kh l tuyn ng vnh ai pha ng thnh ph H Tnh c xc nh trong quy
hoch pht trin khng gian th Thnh ph H Tnh vo nm 2007 v l tuyn ng
ni Quc l 1A vi ng quc l ven bin c xc nh trong quy hoch pht trin
tng th mng li GTVT n nm 2010 v nh hng pht trin n nm 2020. Ngoi
mc tiu phc v kp thi cho vic khai thc m st Thch Kh giai on 2008 n 2010
l vn chuyn trang thit b cung ng cho khu m th vic xy dng tuyn ng ny rt
sc cn thit cho vic pht trin Thnh ph H Tnh trong tng lai c cc cp cc
ngnh ca H Tnh ang gp rt trin khai.
Tuyn ng c u t xy dng sm gp phn quan trong trong vic pht trin
h thng giao thng vn ti phc v sn xut cng nghip, giao lu hng ho, du lch
dch v, an ninh quc phng cho ton b vng m v vng kinh t bin ngang ca H
Tnh; thc y pht trin kinh t, x hi, dn sinh vng bin ngang Thch H, Lc H v
Cm Xuyn. Tuyn ng s gp phn to thnh mt h thng giao thng thng sut
khng ch cho m st m cn kt ni c vi h thng ng ven bin gp phn pht
trin kinh t du lch v cc ngnh kinh t, vn ho x hi khc trong tnh v giao lu vi
cc tnh thnh khc.
Tuy nhin vic trin khai d n s chim dng mt phn t nng nghip, lm
nghip, t vn v t xy dng, lm pht sinh kh thi, nc thi v cht thi rn do
tc ng n i sng cc h dn ang sinh sng dc theo tuyn ng chy qua
cng nh n mi trng t, mi trng khng kh, mi trng nc, cnh quan, h
sinh thi.
Mc du vy c th nhn nh l tc ng do d n gy ra l khng ln v c th
thc hin cc gii php gim thiu thng qua chng trnh gii phng mt bng v thi
cng hp l, hn ch ti a nh hng n i sng v hot ng sn xut nng nghip
ca ngi dn sinh sng dc theo tuyn ng. Ch d n chng ti cam kt s thc
hin y cc gii php bo v mi trng nh trong bo co nh gi tc ng mi
trng.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

84

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. Kin ngh:

S Giao thng vn ti chng ti knh ngh UBND tnh, S Ti nguyn v Mi
trng sm t chc thm nh v ra quyt nh ph duyt chng ti c th trin khai
d n theo ng tin . Trong qu trnh trin khai cc hot ng ca d n mong c
s phi hp kim tra, gim st ca c qun qun l mi trng a phng trong vic
thc hin cc bin php phng chng s c mi trng, k hoch bo m an ton lao
ng, v sinh mi trng ca d n.
Chng ti kin ngh vi UBND tnh H Tnh, chnh quyn a phng cc x dc
tuyn ng v cc c quan chc nng phi hp cht ch trong vic nhanh chng gii
quyt cc th tc n b gip n nh i sng kinh t v tm l ca cc h dn b nh
hng do hot ng gii phng mt bng ca d n.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

85

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MC LC

1.4.1 Quy m xy dng v cp hng cng trnh:........................................11

2.2.1. Dn c lao ng.............................................................................28

2.3.1 Ti nguyn t: .................................................................................33

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t xy dng tuyn ng

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3.1. NGUN GY TC NG...............................................................................................36

3.1.1. Ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi................................36

3.3.1 Tc ng mi trng trong giai on gii phng mt bng: ............43

4.1.1. Cc bin php gim thiu trong G gii phng mt bng ca d n

4.2.1. S c chy n v s c lao ng......................................................67

6.2.1 Chng trnh qun l mi trng......................................................73

Ch u t: S Giao thng vn ti H Tnh

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t xy dng tuyn ng

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------V PHNG PHP NH GI.....................................................................80

9.1.1. Ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho:...................................................80

9.2.1. Danh mc cc phng php s dng:..............................................81

KT LUN V KIN NGH............................................................................84

Ch u t: S Giao thng vn ti H Tnh

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t xy dng tuyn ng

Ch u t: S Giao thng vn ti H Tnh

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t xy dng tuyn ng

H Tnh l mt trong nhng im nt quan trng nht trong hnh lang

Ch u t: S Giao thng vn ti H Tnh

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t xy dng tuyn ng

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. CC CN C PHP L V K THUT LP BO CO TM

- Lut bo v mi trng nm 2005.

Ch u t: S Giao thng vn ti H Tnh

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t xy dng tuyn ng

Ch u t: S Giao thng vn ti H Tnh

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t xy dng tuyn ng

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TCVN 5949-1998: m hc - Ting n khu vc cng cng v dn c- Mc n

Bo co TM D n u t xy dng tuyn ng ni Quc l 1A - m st Thch

Ch u t: S Giao thng vn ti H Tnh

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t xy dng tuyn ng

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ KS. L Th Ninh - NCV Vin KHVL - Thnh vin.

Ch u t: S Giao thng vn ti H Tnh

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t xy dng tuyn ng

- S Giao thng vn ti H Tnh.

Tuyn ng ni Quc l 1A vi m st Thch Kh, tnh H Tnh c im u

Ch u t: S Giao thng vn ti H Tnh

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t xy dng tuyn ng

1.4.1 Quy m xy dng v cp hng cng trnh:

Quy m cng trnh:

im u tuyn: Km0+00 Km504+400 QL1A thuc a phn x Thch Long,

im cui tuyn: Km25+250 Km517+800 QL1A thuc x Cm Vnh, huyn

Tng chiu di ton tuyn l: L=25,118km.

Theo Quy hoch, tuyn ng c qui m mt ct ngang nh sau:

B rng di phn cch

Trc mt, u t tuyn ng theo quy m nh sau:

Bng 1.1: Thng k cc tiu chun k thut

Ch u t: S Giao thng vn ti H Tnh

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t xy dng tuyn ng

Bn knh ng cong ng lm nh nht

Phn ng giao thng:

V bnh : y l phng n xy dng tuyn ng mi hon ton nn trong

Cc khu tp trung dn c, miu mo n cha, trng hc.

Cc cng trnh vt sng, ng b.

Tuyn i ngoi phm vi TP H Tnh. T im u Km0Km504+400 QL1A thuc

Ch u t: S Giao thng vn ti H Tnh

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t xy dng tuyn ng

05 ng cong c R > 250m.

Cc phng n tuyn u i qua vng a hnh ng bng trng, iu kin a cht

M un n hi yu cu: Eyc = 1530daN/cm2.

Trnh t b tr cc lp kt cu o ng t trn xung nh sau: