Hoàn Thành Sua

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GVHD:Th.S Trn Th Truyn
LI M U
Cuc cch mng khoa hc k thut cng vi nhng din bin mnh m v
kinh t x hi mang tnh ton cu vi tc pht trin rt nhanh chng trong nhng
thp k qua lm cho tc ng ca con ngi ti mi trng ngy cng tr nn su
sc, e da s tn ti v pht trin ca chnh loi ngi v thin nhin. Do vn
bo v mi trng tr nn cp bch v ang c nhiu quc gia trn th gii
quan tm.
Mc d hng lot cc bin php bo v mi trng ra i v c thc
hin nh: lut quc gia, cng c quc t nhng thi gian qua tnh trng mi
trng vn tip tc suy gim, tip tc b nhim: ti nguyn cn kit, nhit tri
t ngy cng tng, hn hn, l lt, cc ngun nc thin nhin v kh quyn b
nhim nng n gy tc hi n i sng v pht trin kinh t x hi.
Trong giai on thc y cng nghip ho v hin i ho, nc ta cng
khng nm ngoi khung cnh chung . Cng vi s pht trin mnh m ca t
nc th vn mi trng cng tr nn gay gt hn. Trong , nhim th m
t bit l t ngun nc thi v vn x l n tr thnh nhim v hng u ca
cc chuyn gia k thut ni ring v ca ton x hi ni chung.
Vi vic thc hin ti: Thit k h thng x l nc thi khu th
330.000 dn - Cht lng nc thi sau x l ot loi A (TCVN) s gii quyt
c vn nhim t ngun nc thi ca th, gp phn bo v ngun nc
nhm phc v lu di cho nhu cu pht trin kinh t x hi theo hng pht trin bn
vng.
Thit k h thng x l nc thi th
SVTH: Nguyn nh Thin n
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CHNG 1
LP LUN KINH T K THUT
1.1.S cn thit u t:
khu vc th, nht l cc th pht trin, i sng dn c cng cao th
lng cht thi cng nhiu. Trong nc thi l mt ngun nhim ng lo ngi
ca khu vc th, nht l cc th ca Vit Nam.
Thnh ph Nng l mt th ang pht trin v nhiu mt, i sng dn
c ngy cng cao. Vn nc thi th ang tr thnh vn nhc nhi ca thnh
ph, c bit cc qun Cm L v Hi Chu vi s dn xp x 330.000 ngi cng
vi khu cng nghip Ha Cm. Do , vic xy dng mt h thng x l nc thi
hot ng hiu qu khu vc ny l rt cn thit m bo mi trng trong lnh
cho c dn thnh ph v khch du lch, nht l trong giai on thnh ph ang thc
hin n mi trng v pht trin du lch.
1.2.Gii thiu chung v thnh ph Nng: [6]
Nng l thnh ph ln ca vng duyn hi min Trung v ng th t
trong c nc. Nng cch th H Ni 759 km v pha Nam, cch thnh ph H
Ch Minh 974 km v pha Bc v nm trn trc ng quc l 1A.
1.2.1.c im v v tr a l:
Thnh ph Nng tri di t 15015 n 16040 Bc v t 107017 n
108020 ng, pha Bc gip Tha Thin Hu, pha Ty v Nam gip Qung Nam,
pha ng gip bin ng.
1.2.2.c im kh hu:
Nng nm trong khu vc nhit i gi ma in hnh, nhit cao v t
bin ng. Mi nm c hai ma r rt: ma ma ko di t thng 8 n thng 12,
ma kh ko di t thng 1 n thng 7. Nhit trung bnh nm khong 25,90C, cao
nht vo cc thng 6,7,8 trung bnh t 28-300C, thp nht vo cc thng 12,1,2 trung
bnh t18-230C.
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Lng ma trung bnh hng nm l 2.504,57 mm/nm; lng ma cao nht

vo cc thng 10, 11, trung bnh t 550 - 1.000 mm/thng; thp nht vo cc thng 1,
2, 3, 4, trung bnh t 23-40 mm/thng.
m khng kh trung bnh l 83,4%; cao nht vo cc thng 10, 11, trung
bnh t 85,67 - 87,67%; thp nht vo cc thng 6, 7, trung bnh t 76,67 - 77,33%.
S gi nng bnh qun trong nm l 2.156,2 gi; nhiu nht l vo thng 5, 6,
trung bnh t 234 n 277 gi/thng; t nht l vo thng 11, 12, trung bnh t 69 n
165 gi/thng.
Hng gi ch yu vo ma nng l ng Nam v vo ma lnh l ng
Bc, tc gi trung bnh l 3-4 m/s.
1.2.3.c im v a hnh:
a hnh thnh ph Nng va c ng bng va c ni, vng ni cao v
dc tp trung pha Ty v Ty Bc, t y c nhiu dy ni chy di ra bin, mt s
i thp xen k vng ng bng ven bin hp.
a hnh i ni chim din tch ln, cao khong t 700-1.500m, dc
ln (>400), l ni tp trung nhiu rng u ngun v c ngha bo v mi trng
sinh thi ca thnh ph.
H thng sng ngi ngn v dc, bt ngun t pha Ty, Ty bc v tnh
Qung Nam.
ng bng ven bin l vng t thp chu nh hng ca bin b nhim mn,
l vng tp trung nhiu c s nng nghip, cng nghip, dch v, qun s, t v
cc khu chc nng ca thnh ph
1.2.4.Din tch, dn s v n v hnh chnh:
-Din tch: Thnh ph Nng c din tch t nhin l 1.255,53 km2; trong
, cc qun ni thnh chim din tch 213,05 km2, cc huyn ngoi thnh chim
din tch 1.042,48km2.
-Dn s v n v hnh chnh:
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Nm
n v hnh chnh
Dn s
(ngi)
684.846
189.297
149.637
99.344
41.895
63.464
1999
Mt
(Ngi/km2)
545,15
7863,13
16084,81
1634,89
1146,61
763,87
Dn s
(ngi)
777.216
208.281
167.830
112.196
50.097
71.818
71.429
106.746
Thnh ph Nng
Qun Hi Chu
Qun Thanh Kh
Qun Sn Tr
Qun Ng Hnh Sn
Qun Lin Chiu
Qun Cm L
Huyn Ha Vang
141.209
191,47
Huyn o Hong Sa
1.3.Gii thiu chung v qun Cm L v Hi Chu:[6]
2003
Mt
(Ngi/km2)
599
8,65
17,126
1,809
1,347
855
2,164
211
1.3.1.Gii thiu chung v qun Cm L:

Cm L l mt qun mi trn a bn thnh ph, c thnh lp vo ngy
29/8/2005 trn c s ton b din tch t nhin v dn s ca phng Khu Trung
thuc qun Hi Chu vi tng din tch t nhin l 3.330ha v 71.429 nhn khu.
Qun Cm L c a gii hnh chnh: ng gip qun Ng Hnh Sn; Ty v
Nam gip huyn Ha Vang; Bc gip cc qun Lin Chiu, Thanh Kh, Hi Chu vi
6 n v hnh chnh trc thuc l cc phng Khu Trung, Ha Th ng, Ha Th
Ty, Ha An, Ha Pht, Ha Xun. C cu kinh t qun hu ht l kinh t nng
nghip v tiu th cng nghip.
1.3.2. Gii thiu chung v qun Hi Chu:
*Din tch: 24,08 km2, chim 1,92% din tch ton thnh ph.
* Dn s (nm 2003): 208.281 ngi, chim 27,68% s dn ton thnh ph.
* Mt dn s: 8.650 ngi/km2.
Qun Hi Chu l qun trung tm ca thnh ph Nng, c thnh lp t
thng 01/1997. Pha Bc gip Vnh Nng, Ty gip qun Thanh Kh v huyn
Ha Vang, ng gip qun Sn Tr v qun Ng Hnh Sn, Nam gip huyn Ha
Vang.
L mt qun trung tm, nm st trc giao thng Bc Nam v ca ng ra bin
ng. Vi mt h thng h tng giao thng pht trin mnh, ng thi l trung tm
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hnh chnh, thng mi, dch v ca thnh ph, tp trung ng dn c v cc c

quan, vn phng ca hu ht cc doanh nghip trn a bn thnh ph; qun Hi
Chu c mt tm quan trng c bit trong s pht trin ca thnh ph Nng v
tt c mi mt.
Qun Hi Chu gm 12 phng: Hi Chu 1, Hi Chu 2, Thch Thang,
Thanh Bnh, Thun Phc, Ha Thun, Nam Dng, Phc Ninh, Bnh Thun, Bnh
Hin, Khu Trung, Ha Cng.
CHNG 2
TNG QUAN
2.1.Gii thiu ti nguyn nc:
2.1.1.Ti nguyn nc i vi cuc sng con ngi:
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S sng tn ti c trn tri t l nh nc. Nc tham gia vo thnh phn

cu trc ca sinh quyn, gi vai tr quan trng trong vic iu ha kh hu, t ai.
Nc rt cn thit cho nhu cu ca con ngi, p ng cc nhu cu a dng trong
cuc sng ca con ngi nh dng trong sinh hot, dng trong nng nghip, dng
trong sn xut cng nghip
2.1.2.Ngun nc v phn b trong t nhin:
Nc trn tri t pht sinh t ba ngun: t bn trong, t cc thin thch a
li v t lp trn ca kh quyn tri t. Trong qu trnh phn ha cc lp ca lp
v gia ca tri t, hi nc c hnh thnh nhit cao. Chng thot ra ngoi
khng kh v sau ngng t li thnh ma trn ngp nhng min trng trn mt t,
to nn cc i dng v cc ao h, sng, sui.
2.1.3.Ti nguyn nc Vit Nam:
So vi nhiu nc, Vit Nam c ti nguyn nc kh di do, lng nc
bnh qun u ngi t 17.000m3/nm. Nu h s m bo nc trung bnh trn th
th gii l 20 th con s ny Vit Nam l 68. S d nh vy l do Vit Nam c
lng ma trung bnh hng nm cao, h thng sng ngi, knh rch dy c.
2.2.Hin trng mi trng nc lc a:
Nc lc a bao gm nc mt v nc ngm. Hin nay vn nhim
nc ngm, nc mt ang ngy cng tr nn nghim trng, c bit l ti cc lu
vc sng nh, knh rch trong ni thnh, ni th.
Cc ngun gy nhim:
+ Nc thi sinh hot v cng nghip
+ Nc thi bnh vin
+ Nc thi t hot ng nng nghip v nc thi t cc ngun khc ti khu
vc nng thn, cc lng ngh truyn thng
Tc hi ca vic nhim ngun nc:
+Tc ng trc tip n sc khe ca con ngi.
+Lm mt cnh quan, nh hng n ngnh du lch.
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+L nguyn nhn ca tnh trng thiu nc sch, nh hng lu di n th h

mai sau.
2.3.Thnh phn v c tnh ca nc thi:
Cc cht cha trong nc thi ch yu l cht hu c, cht v c v cc vi
sinh vt gy bnh.
2.3.1.Cc cht hu c:
Cc cht hu c d b phn hy: l cc hp cht protein, cht bo ngun gc
ng thc vt, hydratcacbon. y l cht gy nhim chnh c trong nc thi sinh
hot, nc thi cng nghip thc phm.
Cc cht hu c kh b phn hy: l nhng cht c vng thm, cc cht a
vng ngng t, cc hp cht clo hu c, photpho hu c. Hu ht l cc cht c tnh
c i vi sinh vt v con ngi, chng tn lu lu di trong mi trng v c th
sinh vt.
2.3.2.Cc cht v c:
Trong nc thi c mt lng kh ln cc cht v c ty thuc ngun nc
thi.
Cc cht cha Nito: Trong nc, hp cht cha nito tn ti 3 dng: hp cht
hu c, amoniac v dng oxy ha.
Cc hp cht cha photpho: Trong nc, photpho thng dng mui
photphat, hp cht photpho hu c. Nng photphat qu cao trong nc s lm
gim cht lng nc.
Mt s kim loi nng:
+Ch: c c tnh cao i vi no, c kh nng tch ly lu di trong c th,
gy cht ngi.
+Crom: c c tnh cao i vi ngi v ng vt.
Mt s cht v c khc:
+SO42-: nng cao c th gy bnh i tho, mt nc.
+Cl- : lm nc c v mn
2.3.3.Cc vi sinh vt gy bnh c trong nc thi:
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Cc vi sinh vt gy bnh cho ngi, ng vt, thc vt ch yu l vi khun v

virut. Cc vi khun Samonella, Shigella thng sng rt lu t 40 ngy n nhiu
thng trong nc thi, gy bnh thng hnNgoi ra trong nc thi c th c
nhiu loi virut v cc loi giun sn.
2.4.Cc phng php x l nc thi:[2],[4]
Nc thi cha nhiu tp cht khc nhau, mc ch ca qu trnh x l nc
thi l kh cc tp cht sao cho sau khi x l t tiu chun cht lng mc chp
nhn c theo cc tiu chun t ra.
Hin nay c nhiu bin php x l nc thi khc nhau. Thng thng qu
trnh c bt u bng phng php c hc, ty thuc vo c tnh, lu lng nc
thi v mc lm sch m ngi ta chn tip phng php ha l, ha hc, sinh hc
hay tng hp.
2.4.1.X l bng phng php c hc:
Phng php ny x l s b, loi b cc tp cht rn kch c khc nhau c
trong nc thi nh: rm, c, g, bao b cht do v cc ht l lng huyn ph kh
lng. Cc phng php x l c hc thng dng:
+Phng php lc:
- Lc qua song chn, li chn:
Mc ch ca qu trnh ny l loi b nhng tp cht, vt th v cc cht l
lng c kch thc ln trong nc thi trnh gy ra s c trong qu trnh vn hnh
x l nc thi. Song chn, li chn hoc li lc c th t c nh hay di ng,
cng c th l t hp cng vi my nghin nh. Thng dng hn l cc song chn c
nh.
- Lc qua vch ngn xp: Cch ny c s dng tch cc tp cht phn
tn c kch thc nh khi nc thi m cc b lng khng th loi c chng.
+Phng php lng:
- Lng di tc dng ca trng lc:
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Phng php ny nhm loi cc tp cht dng huyn ph th ra khi nc.

tin hnh qu trnh ngi ta thng dng cc loi b lng khc nhau: b lng ct,
b lng cp 1, b lng cp 2.
- Lng di tc dng ca lc ly tm v lc nn:
Nhng ht l lng cn c tch bng qu trnh lng di tc dng ca lc ly
tm trong cc xyclon thu lc hoc my ly tm.
Ngoi ra, trong nc thi sn xut c cc tp cht ni (du m bi trn, nha
nh) cng c x l bng phng php lng.
2.4.2.X l bng phng php ha l v ha hc:
-Phng php trung ho:
Nc thi sn xut ca nhiu lnh vc c cha axit hoc kim. nc thi
c x l tt giai on x l sinh hc cn phi tin hnh trung ha v iu chnh
pH v vng 6,6 7,6. Trung ha cn c mc ch lm cho mt s kim loi nng lng
xung v tch khi nc thi.
Dng cc dung dch axit hoc mui axit, cc dung dch kim hoc oxit kim
trung ho nc thi.
-Phng php keo t:
tng nhanh qu trnh lng cc cht l lng phn tn nh, keo, thm ch c
nha nh tng polyme v cc tp cht khc, ngi ta dng phng php ng t
lm tng kch c cc ht nh tc dng tng h gia cc ht phn tn lin kt vo tp
hp ht c th lng c. Khi lng chng s ko theo mt s cht khng tan lng
theo nn lm cho nc trong hn.
Cc cht ng t thng dng l nhm sunfat, st sunfat, st clorua
-Phng php oxy ho - kh:
Trong phng php ny cc cht c hi trong nc thi c chuyn thnh
cc cht t c hn v tch ra khi nc bng lng hoc lc. lm sch nc thi
ngi ta c th s dng cc cht oxy ha nh: clo dng kh v lng trong mi
trng kim, vi clorua (CaOCl2), hipoclorit, ozon, v cc cht kh nh: natri
sunfua (Na2S), natri sunfit (Na2SO3), st sunfit (FeSO4),
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-Phng php hp ph:

Dng loi b cc cht bn ho tan vo nc m phng php x l sinh
hc cng cc phng php khc khng loi b c vi hm lng rt nh. Thng
thng y l cc hp cht ho tan c c tnh cao hoc cc cht c mi, v v mu
rt kh chu.
Cc cht hp ph thng dng: than hot tnh, t st hot tnh, silicagen, keo
nhm Trong than hot tnh c dng ph bin nht.
-Phng php tuyn ni:
Phng php ny da trn nguyn tc: cc phn t phn tn trong nc c kh
nng t lng km nhng c kh nng kt dnh vo cc bt kh ni ln trn b mt
nc, sau ngi ta tch bt kh cng cc phn t dnh ra khi nc. Thc cht y
l qu trnh tch bt hay lm c bt.
Khi tuyn ni ngi ta thng thi khng kh thnh bt kh nh li ti, phn tn
v bo ha trong nc.
-Phng php trao i ion:
Phng php ny loi ra khi nc nhiu ion kim loi nh: Zn, Cu, Hg, Cr,
Ni cng nh cc hp cht cha asen, xianua, photpho v c cht phng x. Ngoi
ra cn dng phng php ny lm mm nc, loi ion Ca+2 v Mg+2 ra khi nc
cng.
Cc cht trao i ion c th l cc cht v c hoc hu c c ngun gc t
nhin hoc tng hp nh: zeolit, silicagen, t st, nha anionit v cationit
2.4.3.X l bng phng php sinh hc:
C s ca phng php l da trn hot ng sng ca vi sinh vt, ch yu l

vi khun d dng hoi sinh c trong nc thi. Qu trnh hot ng ca chng cho
kt qu l cc cht hu c gy nhim bn c khong ha v tr thnh nhng cht
v c, nhng cht n gin hn, cc cht kh v nc.
Vi sinh vt trong nc thi s dng cc hp cht hu c v mt s cht
khong lm ngun dinh dng v to ra nng lng.
Nhng cng trnh x l sinh hc chia thnh hai nhm:
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- Cc cng trnh x l sinh hc trong iu kin t nhin: cnh ng ti, bi

lc, h sinh hc,... Qu trnh x l ny din ra chm, ch yu da vo ngun oxy v
vi sinh vt c trong nc v t.
- Cc cng trnh x l sinh hc trong iu kin nhn to: b lc sinh hc
(Biophin), b lm thong sinh hc (aeroten) Qu trnh x l ny din ra nhanh hn
v cng mnh hn.
Cn c vo tnh cht hot ng ca vi sinh vt c th chia phng php sinh
hc ra thnh 3 nhm chnh nh sau:
- Cc phng php hiu kh:
Cc qu trnh hiu kh c th xy ra iu kin t nhin hoc trong cc iu
kin nhn to. Qu trnh x l bng hiu kh nhn to, ngi ta to ra cc iu
kin ti u cho qu trnh oxy ho nn qu trnh x l c tc v hiu sut cao hn
rt nhiu.
- Cc phng php thiu kh:
Cc phng php x l thiu kh thng c p dng loi cc cht dinh
dng nh nit, photpho, cc yu t gy hin tng bng n to trn b mt nc
thi.
- Cc phng php k kh (ln men):
Thng c s dng chuyn ho cc cht hu c trong phn cn ca
nc thi bng vi sinh vt h hp ty tin hoc vi sinh vt k kh, trong u th l vi
sinh vt k kh.
Mt s cng trnh x l nc thi bng phng php sinh hc:
- Cng trnh x l sinh hc trong iu kin t nhin:
+ H sinh hc:
u im: din tch nh, c th nui trng thy sn, v cung cp nc cho
trng trt, chi ph thp.
Qu trnh chuyn ho cc cht hu c trong h sinh hc ch yu da vo cc
loi vi khun v rong to. Trong s cc cht hu c a vo h th cc cht khng tan
s b lng xung y h cn cc cht tan s c ha long trong nc. y h s
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din ra qu trnh phn gii ym kh cc hp cht hu c to thnh cc cht n gin

nh: NH3, H2S, CH4 Trn vng ym kh, vng ym kh ty tin v hiu kh vi khu
h vi sinh rt phong ph gm cc ging Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Flavobacterium, vi
sinh vt phn gii cht hu c thnh nhiu cht trung gian khc nhau, sn phm to
thnh sau khi phn hu li c rong to s dng.
Cn c vo c tnh tn ti, tun hon ca cc vi sinh vt v c ch x l m
ta phn bit ba loi h sau: h hiu kh, h ty nghi, h k kh.
+ Cnh ng ti v bi lc:
Vic x l sinh hc c thc hin trn nhng cnh ng ti v bi lc l
da vo kh nng gi cc cn nc trn mt t, nc thm qua t nh i qua
mng lc. Nh c oxy trong cc l hng v mao qun ca lp t mt, cc vi sinh vt
hot ng hiu kh phn hy cc cht hu c nhim bn. Cng su xung lng oxy
cng t v qu trnh oxy ha cc cht hu c nhim bn gim dn.
Cnh ng ti v bi lc c hai chc nng: x l nc thi v bn ti cy
trng.
- Cng trnh x l sinh hc trong iu kin hiu kh nhn to:
+ B phn ng sinh hc hiu kh sinh hc aeroten:
Qu trnh hot ng sng ca qun th vi sinh vt trong aeroten thc cht l
qu trnh nui vi sinh vt trong cc bnh phn ng hay bnh ln men thu sinh khi.
Sinh khi vi sinh vt trong x l nc thi l qun th vi sinh vt, ch yu l vi khun
c sn trong nc thi.
B aeroten thng c dng hnh khi ch nht hoc hnh trn. Thng hin
nay ngui ta dng aeroten hnh khi ch nht. Nc thi chy qua sut chiu di ca
b v c sc kh khuy o nhm tng cng lng oxy ha tan v tng cng qu
trnh oxy ha cc cht bn hu c c trong nc.
Nc thi sau khi c x l s b cn cha phn ln cc cht hu c dng
ha tan cng cc cht l lng i vo aeroten. Cc cht l lng ny l mt s cht rn
v c th l cc cht hu c ha tan. Cc cht ny l ni vi khun bm vo c tr,
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sinh sn v pht trin, hnh thnh cc ht cn bng. Cc ht ny to dn v l lng

trong nc. Cc ht bng ny chnh l bn hot tnh.
Trong nc thi c nhng hp cht hu c ha tan, loi hp cht d b phn
hy nht. Cn loi hp cht kh b phn hy, cc hp cht cha ha tan, kh ha tan
dng keo c cu trc phc tp, cn c vi khun tit ra enzym ngoi bo phn hy
thnh nhng cht n gin, ri s thm thu qua mng t bo v b oxy ha tip thnh
sn phm cung cp vt liu cho t bo hoc sn phm cui cng l CO2 v H2O.
Cc yu t nh hng n kh nng lm sch nc ca b aeroten:
Lng oxy ha tan trong nc.
Thnh phn dinh dng i vi vi sinh vt.
Nng cho php ca cht bn hu c c trong nc thi m bo cho
b aeroten lm vic c hiu qu.
Cc cht c c tnh trong nc thi c ch vi sinh vt.
pH ca nc thi.
Nhit .
Nng cc cht l lng.
Cc loi b aeroten: b aeroten truyn thng, b aeroten nhiu bc, b aeroten
c khuy o hon chnh, b aeroten thng kh ko di
+ Mng oxy ho:
y l mt dng ci tin ca aeroten khuy trn hon chnh lm vic trong
iu kin hiu kh ko di vi bn hot tnh chuyn ng tun hon trong mng.
Nc thi c nhim bn cao BOD20 = 1000 5000 mg/l c th a vo x l
mng oxy ho. i vi nc thi sinh hot th khng cn qua lng 1 m c th cho
lun vo mng.
+ B lc sinh hc:
Nguyn tc: da vo hot ng ca vi sinh vt mng sinh hc oxy ha
cc cht bn hu c trong nc thi.
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Trang 14
Mng sinh hc l tp th cc vi sinh vt hiu kh, k kh, tu tin. Cc vi khun

hiu kh c tp trung phn lp ngoi ca mng sinh hc. y chng pht trin
v gn vi gi mang l cc vt liu lc.
Cc loi b lc sinh hc ang c dng hin nay: lc sinh hc c vt liu tip
xc khng ngp nc, lc sinh hc c vt liu tip xc t ngp trong nc, lc sinh
hc c vt liu tip xc l cc ht c nh, a quay sinh hc RBC.
- X l nc thi bng phng php k kh sinh hc:
L qu trnh phn hu sinh hc ym kh cc hp cht hu c cha trong nc
thi to thnh kh CH4 v cc sn phm v c k c CO2, NH3
+ u im ca phng php ny:
Nhu cu v nng lng khng nhiu.
Ngoi vai tr x l nc thi v bo v mi trng, qu trnh cn to ra
ngun nng lng mi l kh sinh hc, trong CH4 chim t l 70 75%.
Bn hot tnh dng trong quy trnh ny c lng d thp, c tnh n nh kh
cao, duy tr hot ng ca bn khng i hi cung cp nhiu cht dinh dng, bn
c th tn tr trong thi gian di.
+ Hn ch:
Qu trnh nhy cm vi cc cht c hi, vi s thay i bt thng v ti trng
ca cng trnh, v vy khi s dng cn c s theo di st sao cc yu t ca mi trng.
X l nc thi cha trit , nn bc cui cng l phi x l hiu kh.
+ Cc iu kin nh hng n qu trnh phn hu k kh:
Nhit : t0opt = 35 550C
Nguyn liu: l cc loi nc thi c nhim cao (BOD t 4000 5000
mg/l), cc loi cn phn rc thi.
pH mi trng: pHopt = 6,4 7,5. Thc t c nhng bin php k thut cho
ln men pH = 7,5 7,8 vn hiu qu.
Cc ion kim loi c nh hng rt ln n h vi sinh vt sinh mtan.
+ Cc dng cng trnh x l k kh:
n tt nghip
Trang 15
B t hoi: L cng trnh x l nc thi loi nh. Cng trnh ny thc hin
2 chc nng: lng v chuyn ha cn lng ca nc thi bng qu trnh phn gii k
kh.
B mtan c in: c ng dng x l cn lng (t b lng) v bn hot
tnh d ca trm x l nc thi.
B lc k kh AF: qu trnh x l nc thi qua vt liu lc vi sinh vt k
kh bm vo v thc hin qu trnh chuyn ha sinh ha cc hp cht hu c cha
trong nc thi, ng thi trnh c ra tri ca mng vi sinh vt.
B lc UASB vi dng chy ngc qua bng bn hot tnh: y cc vi sinh
vt k kh lin kt v tp hp li thnh m ln dng ht v c vai tr ch yu
chuyn ha cc hp cht hu c.
2.5.Chn phng php x l:
Nghin cu la chn cc cng ngh x l nc thi th thch hp trc ht
nhm m bo s pht trin bn vng, ng thi ph hp vi iu kin kinh t x hi
ca tng vng. Cng vi s nghip cng nghip ha, hin i ha, qu trnh th
ha nc ta din ra vi tc nhanh. p ng yu cu pht trin v bo v mi
trng, nng cao cht lng cuc sng, trong nhng nm gn y vic u t cho
thot nc v v sinh th c quan tm. Trong vn ny, mun u t c
hiu qu th phi la chn c cng ngh x l nc thi thch hp.
Nguyn tc la chn: la chn cng ngh x l nc thi thch hp nc
ta hin nay, cn da trn bn nguyn tc c bn:
+ Ph hp vi iu kin t nhin ca tng khu vc, tng th.
+ Ph hp vi thnh phn, tnh cht ca nc thi.
+ Ph hp vi iu kin kinh t-x hi ca tng vng.
+ Kt hp trc mt v lu di.
Trn c s thnh phn v c tnh ca nc thi trong qu trnh sn xut cng
nghip v sinh hot, vic la chn cc qu trnh x l sinh hc c xem l thch hp
nht nhm lm gim hm lng cht hu c trong nc thi.
n tt nghip
Trang 16
Trong quy trnh cng ngh ny, nc thi c x l qua cc phng php:
c hc, sinh hc v cui cng l kh trng nc thi trc khi x ra ngoi.
phng php c hc, nc thi c dn qua cc cng trnh n v: song chn
rc, b lng ct ngang, b lng ly tm I, b lng ly tm II loi b cc tp cht bn.
Vi phng php sinh hc, s dng b thng kh sinh hc Aeroten.
Vic kh trng nc thi trc khi x ra ngoi l giai on khng th thiu
loi b cc VSV cn li trong nc thi v cng l cng on cui cng ca qu trnh
x l.
Bng 2.1. Gi tr gii hn cc thng s nhim trong nc thi th [1]
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Thng s
Nhit
pH
mu
c
Tng cht rn l lng (SS)
Tng cht rn ha tan
COD
BOD5
Clorua (Cl-)
Sunpht (SO42-)
Nitrit (NO2-)
Nitrat (NO3-)
Du khong
Clo d
Coliform
n v
o
C
Pt/Co
NTU
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
MPN/100ml
Gi tr gii hn
Loi A
Loi B
40
40
6-9
5-9
20
50
50
100
50
100
1.000
3.000
50
100
20
50
250
1.000
200
1.000
0,1
2
50
0,001
1
1
2
5.000
10.000
CHNG 3
CHN V THUYT MINH CNG NGH X L
3.1.Chn quy trnh cng ngh: [1]
n tt nghip
Nc thi
Trang 17
Ngn tip nhn v

trm bm nc thi
Song chn rc
My nghin rc
B lng ct ngang
Sn phi ct
B lm thong s b
B lng t 1
Trm kh nn
B aeroten
B lng t 2
Trm Clo
Bn hot tnh
tun hon
B nn bn li tm
B metan
Mng trn
B tip xc li tm
Sn phi bn
(My p bn)
Nc
Ra sng
3.2.Thuyt minh dy chuyn cng ngh:[1]

Bn rung
n tt nghip
Trang 18
Nc thi t mng thu gom nc c a v trm x l trung tm bng

ng ng t chy v h thng x l. Ti y nc thi c x l ln lt qua cc
cng trnh n v:
3.2.1.Ngn tip nhn nc thi:
Nc thi ca KCN c bm t ngn thu nc thi trong trm bm nc
thi vo ngn tip nhn nc thi trong trm x l, theo ng ng c p trc khi i
vo cc cng trnh x l tip theo.
Ngn tip nhn nc thi s c b tr v tr cao nht c th t nc
thi theo cc mng dn t chy vo cc cng trnh x l.
3.2.2.Song chn rc:
Song chn rc c s dng gi li cc cht rn th c kch thc ln c
trong nc thi m ch yu l rc nhm trnh hin tng tt nghn ng ng,
mng dn hay h hng bm. Khi lng rc gi li nhiu th dng co co rc
ln ri tp trung li a n bi rc v hp ng vi cng nhn v sinh chuyn rc
n ni x l.
Song chn rc gm cc thanh an sp xp cnh nhau trn mng dn nc.
Thanh an c th tit din trn hay hnh ch nht, thng l hnh ch nht. Song
chn rc thng d dng trt ln xung dc theo 2 khe thnh mng dn v t
nghing so vi mt phng ngang mt gc 45o hay 60o tng hiu qu, tin li khi
lm v sinh.
3.2.3.B lng ct ngang:
B lng ct dng loi b cc tp cht v c khng ho tan nh: ct, si,
sn v cc vt liu rn khc c vn tc lng ln hn cc cht hu c c th phn
hu trong nc thi. Vic tch cc tp cht ny ra khi nc thi nhm bo v cc
thit b my mc khi b mi mn, gim s lng ng cc vt liu nng trong ng,
bo v bm
Di tc ng ca lc trng trng, cc phn t rn c t trng ln hn t
trng ca nc s lng xung y b trong qu trnh chuyn ng. Trong thnh phn
n tt nghip
Trang 19
cn lng ch yu l ct, ct sau khi tch c s c chuyn n sn phi ct. Vn

tc dng chy trong b thay i t 0,15-0,3 m/s theo lu lng nc thi.
3.2.4.B lm thong s b:
B lng t 1 ch gi li 40-60% cc cht khng ha tan trong nc thi.
hm lng cn l lng sau lng t 1 gim xung di 150 mg/l v thu hi cc ion
kim loi nng, cc cht bn khc c nh hng khng tt n qu trnh x l nc
thi tip theo, ngi ta c th dung phng php lm thong s b.
Qu trnh lm thong s b thc hin trn mng dn nc thi, c thc hin
trc khi lng t 1. Ngoi vic cp kh nn vi lu lng 0,5 m3/m3 nc thi cn
cho thm bn t b lng t 2,bn a v y l bn hot tnh d. Thi gian thi kh
ko di 20 pht, hiu sut lng c th tng ln 10-15%, BOD trong nc thi s gim
10-15%.
3.2.5.B lng li tm t 1:
Nc thi sau khi qua b lm thong s b c dn n b lng li tm t 1.
Ti y nc thi c phn phi u theo ming phn phi t trung tm. Bn
cn c a tp trung v h thu nm gia b bng h thng gt cn quay vi vn
tc 2-3 vng/pht. dc ca y b thng l 0,1-0,3%. Bn x c x ra khi b
bng thit b x thy tnh hoc bng bm ht bn.
Sau khi qua b lng li tm t 1, hm lng COD gim 40%, hm lng BOD
gim 30-40%. Hiu sut b lng li tm t 45-55%, thi gian lng 1-2h.
3.2.6.B Aeroten sc kh lin tc:
B Aeroten l cng trnh b tng ct thp, dng hnh ch nht. Ti b Aeroten,
nc thi chy dc theo chiu di b v c sc kh t di y b ln nhm tng
cng qu trnh oxy ha, tng kh nng khuy trn mi trng v tng qu trnh oxy
ha cht bn hu c c trong nc thi bi vi sinh vt.
S lng bn hot tnh sinh ra trong thi gian lu nc trong b Aeroten
khng lm gim nhanh hm lng cc cht bn hu c, do phi hon lu
bn lng b lng 2 vo u b nhm duy tr nng ca vi sinh vt.
n tt nghip
Trang 20
Trong qu trnh nc thi vo b, cc bng bn hot tnh c hnh thnh, cc

loi vi khun hiu kh n c tr, pht trin dn, cng vi cc ng vt nguyn sinh,
nm, x khunto nn cc bng bn c kh nng hp th cc cht hu c ha tan,
keo v khng ha tan phn tn nh. Vi khun v vi sinh vt sng dng cht nn v
cht dinh dng (N,P) lm thc n chuyn ha thnh cc cht tr khng ha tan
v thnh t bo mi.
Nc thi sau khi qua b Aeroten c a n b lng li tm t 2 x l
bn hot tnh cn d.
3.2.7.B lng li tm t 2:
B lng li tm t 2 c cu to v nguyn tc hot ng tng t b lng li
tm t 1. B lng li tm t 2 tip nhn nc sau khi qua b Aeroten v c nhim
v chn gi cc bng bn hot tnh v cc thnh phn cht khng ha tan. Bn cn
sau khi ra khi b lng 2 th mt phn c tun hon li b Aeroten, phn bn d s
c a n b nn bn, cn nc thi s tip tc i n mng trn. Sau khi qua b
lng li tm t 2 th hm lng cht l lng ch cn mt lng rt nh.
3.2.8.Mng trn:
Nc thi sau khi qua b lng li tm 2 th c a n mng trn. Ti mng
trn, dung dch clo hot tnh c a vo mng trn trn u vi nc thi trong
thi gian t 1-2 pht.
Khi kh trng, ngoi vic tiu dit cc loi vi khun gy bnh, cc qu trnh
din ra cn to iu kin oxy ha cc cht hu c v y nhanh cc qu trnh lm
sch khc.
Hn hp sau khi trn c chuyn qua b tip xc li tm thc hin cc qu
trnh v phn ng dit khun.
y dng mng trn vch ngn c l.
3.2.9.B tip xc li tm:
B tip xc to iu kin tip xc tt ha cht kh trng vi nc thi din
ra qu trnh kh trng. ng thi khi nc lu li trong b, cc cht oxy ha s oxy
ha tip tc cc cht hu c m cc qu trnh trc cha x l c.
n tt nghip
Trang 21
Thi gian lu thng 15-30 pht.

Bn cn lng li trong b c m 96% v c x ra ngoi bng bm ht.
Cn nc thi c a ra sng hoc dn i ti rung.
3.2.10.B nn bn li tm:
Bn t b lng 2 mt phn tun hon li b Aeroten, phn cn li c a
sang b nn bn. B nn bn c nhim v lm gim m ca bn hot tnh d.
Dung dch cn long i vo bung phn phi t tm b, cn lng xung v
c ly ra y b chuyn n b mtan x l.
3.2.11.B mtan:
B mtan c nhim v phn hy cn lng thc hin trong 2 iu kin k kh v
hiu kh. B mtan c mt bng hnh trn hay ch nht, y hnh nn hoc chp a
gic v c np y kn, trn cng ca np y lm chp m thu hi kh.
Sn phm ca qu trnh ln men ch yu l CH4, ngoi ra cn c CO2,
NH3,H2
Qu trnh ln men trong b mtan phn hy c 60-80% cht hu c.
Bn cn sau khi ln men c mu en, cc hp cht hu c d gy thi ra
b phn hy, cc vi khun gy bnh hu nh khng cn.
Tin hnh ln men nng, ton b trng giun sn b tiu dit,cn chn u.
3.2.12.Sn phi bn (hoc my p bn):
Cn sau khi ln men b lng mtan v bn cn t b tip xc li tm c
chuyn ra sn phi bn lm ro nc trong cn nhm t n m cn thit
thun li cho vic vn chuyn v x l tip theo. Sn phi bn lm gim m bn
cn t 97-98% xung 80%, th tch bn gim 2,5-3 ln.
Trong ma ma, s dng my p bn thay th sn phi bn.
Bn sau khi lm kh c vn chuyn i lm phn bn
Nc bn c dn theo h thng thot nc a v trm bm x l li.
Nng cht bn trong nc bn:
Cn l lng : 1000-2000 mg/l
BOD
: 1000-1500 mg/l
n tt nghip
Trang 22
CHNG 4
TNH TON V THIT K
CC CNG TRNH N V X L NC THI
Nc thi th gm 2 ngun:
-
Nc thi sinh hot
Nc thi cng nghip
-Tiu chun thot nc q:

+Tiu chun thot nc trung bnh: qtb = 165 l/ngi/ng
+Tiu chun thot nc trong ngy dng nc ln nht: qmax= 205 l/ngi/ng.
-Lu lng nc thi cng nghip: Qcn = 21.000 m3/ng
-Cht lng nc thi cng nghip sau khi x l cc b:
+Hm lng cht l lng: Ccn = 320 mg/l
+Nhu cu oxy sinh ho trong 5 ngy m: NOS5 = 290 mg/l
-Yu cu c bn v cht lng nc thi sau khi x l t loi A nh sau:
+pH
: 6-9
+Cht l lng
: Khng vt qu 22mg/l
+NOS20
: Khng vt qu 15-20 mg/l
+Cc cht nguy hi : Khng vt qu gii hn cho php

4.1.Xc nh lu lng tnh ton ca nc thi:
4.1.1.Lu lng nc thi sinh hot:
Lu lng trung bnh ngy m:
Qshtb ngd =
Trong
[ 3, trang 99]
qtb * N 165 * 330.000

= 54450 m3/ng
=
1000
1000
qtb= Tiu chun thot nc trung bnh

N = Dn s ca th, N = 330000 ngi
Lu lng trung bnh gi:

Qshtb h =
Q shtb ng d
24
54450
= 2268,75 m3/h
24
Lu lng trung bnh giy:
n tt nghip
sh
tb s
Trang 23
2268,75
Q shtb h
= 630,21 l/s
=
=
3,6
3,6
Lu lng ln nht ngy m:

Qshmax ngd =
Trong
[ 3, trang 99]
205 * 330.000
q max * N
= 67650 m3/ngd
=
1000
1000
qmax= Tiu chun thot nc ngy dng nc ln nht
Lu lng ln nht gi:
[ 3, trang 99]
Qshmax h = Qshtb h * Kch= 2268,75*1,23 = 2790,56 m3/h

Trong
Kch= H s khng iu ho chung ca nc thi
Lu lng ln nht giy:
[ 3, trang 100]
Qshmax s = Qshtb h * Kch = 630,21*1,23= 775,16 l/s

4.1.2.Lu lng nc thi cng nghip:
Qcntb h=
Q cn 21000
= 875m3/h
=
24
24
Lu lng trung bnh gi ca mt ca dng nc ln nht:

Qcntb h max=
Trong
[ 3, trang 100]
13350
Q cn
max ca
= 1668,75 m3/h
=
8
T
Qcnmax ca= Lu lng nc thi ca ca dng nc nhiu nht
Lu lng trung bnh giy ca nc thi cng nghip:

cn
tb s
875
Q cn
= 243,06 l/s
= tb s =
3,6
3,6
Lu lng trung bnh giy ca nc thi cng nghip trong ca dng nc ln nht:
1668,75
Q cn
= 463,54 l/s
= tb h max =
3,6
3,6
cn
tb s max
Lu lng nc thi ln nht gi

Qcnmax h= 2850 m3/h
[3, trang 100]

[bng 3-3, 3, trang 102]
Lu lng nc thi cng nghip ln nht giy:

Qcnmax s=
2850
Q cn
max h
= 791,67 l/s
=
3,6
3,6
n tt nghip
Trang 24
4.1.3.Lu lng tng cng ca nc thi sinh hot v nc thi cng nghip:
Lu lng nc thi tng cng Qtc:
Qtc= 54450 + 21000 = 75450 m3/ngd
Qtctb h=
Q tctb ngd
24
[3, trang 101]
75450
= 3143,75 m3/h
24
Lu lng trung bnh giy:

Qtctb s=
[3, trang 101]
Q tctb h 3143,75
= 873,26 l/s
=
3,6
3,6
Lu lng nc thi tng cng ln nht ngy m:
[ 3, trang 101]
Qtcmax ngd= Qshmax ngd + Qcnngd = 67650 + 21000 = 88650 m3/ngd

Lu lng nc thi tng cng ln nht gi:
Qtcmax h= 7131,4 m3/h
[3, trang 101]

[bng 3-3, 3, trang 102]
Lu lng nc thi tng cng ln nht giy:
[ 3, trang 101]
Q tcmax h 7131,4
= 1980,94 l/s
=
=
3,6
3,6
tc
max s
Lu lng nc thi tng cng nh nht gi:

Qtcmin h= 1828,6 m3/h
[3, trang 102]

[bng 3-3, 3, trang 102]
Lu lng nc thi tng cng nh nht giy:
[3, trang 102]
Q tcmin h 1828,6
= 50794 l/s
=
=
3,6
3,6
tc
min s
4.1.4.Xc nh nng bn ca nc thi:

Hai ch tiu c bn tnh ton thit k cng ngh x l nc thi l:
-Hm lng cht l lng, C
-Nhu cu oxy sinh ho (NOS), L
Hm lng cht l lng trong nc thi sinh hot
Csh=
Trong
[3, trang 103]
nll * 1000 55 *1000

=
= 333,33 mg/l
qtb
165
nll = Ti lng cht rn l lng ca nc thi sinh hot tnh cho 1

ngi trong ngy m, nll = 55 g/ng.ngd
n tt nghip
Trang 25
qtb = Tiu chun thot nc trung bnh, qtb= 165 l/ng.ngd

Hm lng cht l lng trong hn hp nc thi:
Ctc=
C sh * Qsh + C cn * Qcn 333,33 * 54450 + 320 * 21000

=
= 329,62 mg/l
Qsh + Qcn
54450 + 21000
Trong
Csh, Ccn = Hm lng cht l lng trong nc thi sinh hot v nc

thi cng nghip: Csh = 333,33 mg/l, Ccn = 320 mg/l
Qsh, Qcn= Lu lng trung bnh ngy m ca nc thi sinh hot v
nc thi cng nghip, m3/ngd.
Hm lng NOS20 trong nc thi sinh hot:

Lsh=
n NOS *1000
qtb
Trong :
[3, trang 103]
35 * 1000
= 212,12 mg/l
165
nNOS= Ti lng cht bn theo NOS20 ca nc thi sinh hot tnh cho 1
ngi, nNOS = 35 g/ng.ngd.
Hm lng NOS20 trong hn hp nc thi:

Ltc=
[3, trang 103]
Lsh * Qsh + Lcn * Qcn 212,12 * 54450 + 341,18 * 21000

=
= 248,04 mg/l
Qsh + Qcn
54450 + 21000
Trong :
Ltc=Hm lng NOS20 trong nc thi hn hp, mg/l

Lcn= Hm lng NOS20 ca nc thi cng nghip:
Lcn(NOS20)= NOS5: 0,85= 290: 0,85= 341,18 mg/l
4.1.5.Dn s tnh ton:

Dn s tng ng theo cht l lng
Nlltd=
[3, trang 104]
Qcn * C cn 21000 * 320

=
= 122181,82 ngi
nll
55
Dn s tnh ton theo cht l lng:
[3, trang 104]
Nll=N+Nlltd=330.000 + 122181,82= 452181,82 ngi

Dn s tng ng theo NOS20:
Ntd l=
[3, trang 104]
Lcn * Qcn 341,18 * 21000

=
= 204708 ngi
n NOS
35
Dn s tnh ton theo NOS20:
[3, trang 104]
NNOS= N+Ntd l= 330000+ 204708= 534708 ngi
n tt nghip
Trang 26
4.1.6.Mc cn thit x l nc thi:

Mc cn thit x l nc thi theo cht l lng
D=
Trong :
[3, trang 105]
C tc m
329,62 22
* 100% =
* 100% = 93,33%
C tc
329,62
m = Hm lng cht l lng ca nc thi sau x l cho php x vo

ngun nc, m = 22 mg/l.
Ctc= Hm lng cht l lng trong hn hp nc thi, Ctc = 329,62 mg/l

Mc cn thit x l nc thi theo NOS20:
D=
[3, trang 105]
Ltc Lt
248,04 15
* 100% =
* 100% = 93,94%
Ltc
248,04
4.2.Tnh ton cho cc cng trnh n v:

4.2.1.Tnh ton ngn tip nhn nc thi:
[3, trang 110-111]
Ngn tip nhn nc thi c t v tr cao nc thi t c th t

chy qua tng cng trnh n v ca trm x l.
Da vo kinh nghim, c th la chn kch thc ngn tip nhn ph thuc
vo lu lng tnh ton Q ca trm x l
Vi Qtcmax h = 7131,4 m3/h v cc s liu lu lng nc thi, chn 2 ngn tip
nhn vi cc thng s mi ngn nh sau:
[3, trang 111]
-ng knh ng p lc t trm bm n mi ngn tip nhn: 2 ng vi

ng knh mi ng d = 600mm
-Kch thc ngn tip nhn:
+Chiu cao t y ngn tip nhn n mc nc cao nht: H1=1600 mm
+Chiu rng : Btn = 2500 mm
+Chiu di : Ltn = 2800 mm
5
+Tng chiu cao ngn tip nhn: H = 2000 mm

+Chiu rng mng dn : bmd = 800 mm
Ch thch:
+Chiu cao t y ngn tip nhn n mng dn: h =750mm
1- ng n nc thi vo trm
+Chiu cao t y mng dn n mc nc cao nht: h1 = 900 mm

1
x l
2- Li chn rc th
3- Bm nhng chm
4 - ng dn nc thi n cng
trnhNguyn
x l tipnh
theo Thin n
SVTH:
5 - Cu thang.
n tt nghip
Trang 27
Hnh 4.1. Ngn tip nhn v bm nc thi

4.2.2.Song chn rc:
Song chn rc gi cc tp cht c kch thc ln. Ni dung tnh ton gm:
a)Tnh ton mng dn:
Mng dn nc thi t ngn tip nhn n song chn rc c tit din hnh
ch nht.
Kt qu tnh ton thy lc mng dn:
- Qtb = 873,26 (l/s):
+ dc i = 0,0008
+ Vn tc v = 0,84 (m/s)
+ dy h = 0,61 (m)
+ Chiu ngang B = 1,4 (m)
( Cc kt qu trn c ni suy t bng 3-5, 2 trang 112)
- Qmax = 1980,94 (l/s):
[Bng 3-5, 3, trang 112]
+ dc I = 0,0008
+ Vn tc v = 1,14 (m/s)
+ dy h = 1,1 (m)
-Qmin = 507,94 (l/s)
[Bng 3-5, 3, trang 112]
+ dc I = 0,0008
n tt nghip
Trang 28
+ Vn tc v = 0,74 (m/s)
+ dy h = 0,45 (m)
Chn 3 song chn rc (2 cng tc v 1 d phng) vi lu lng tnh ton ca
mi song chn l:
Qtb = 873,26:2 = 436,63 l/s
Qmax = 1980,94:2 =990,47 l/s
Qmin = 507,94:2 = 253,97 l/s
Mng dn nc thi mi song chn rc c tit din vung mi cnh
B=1200 mm ng vi cc thng s thy lc:
- Qtb = 436,63 (l/s):
+ dc i = 0,0008
+ Vn tc v = 0,77 (m/s)
+ dy h = 0,48 (m)
+ Chiu ngang Bm = 1,2 (m)
( Cc kt qu trn c ni suy t bng 3-6, 2 trang 113)
- Qmax = 990,5 (l/s):
[Bng 3-6, 3, trang 113]
+ dc I = 0,0008
+ Vn tc v = 0,97 (m/s)
+ dy h = 0,89 (m)
-Qmin = 253,97 (l/s)
[Bng 3-5, 3, trang 113]
+ dc I = 0,0008
+ Vn tc v = 0,7 (m/s)
+ dy h = 0,34 (m)
b)Tnh ton song chn rc:
Chiu su ca lp nc song chn rc ly bng dy tnh ton ca mng dn
ng vi Qmax:
hs= hmax = 0,89 m
[3, trang 114]
n tt nghip
Trang 29
S khe h ca song chn rc c tnh theo cng thc:

n=
Qmax
1,98094
*K =
* 1,05 = 150,584
vxlxhs
0,97 x0,016 x0,89
[3, trang 114]
Chn n = 150 khe

Trong :
n = S khe h
Qmax = Lu lng ln nht ca nc thi, Qmax = 1,98094 m3/s
v = Tc nc chy qua song chn, v = 0,97 m/s
l = Khong cch gia cc khe h, l = 16mm = 0,016m
K = H s tnh n mc cn tr ca dng chy do h thng co rc,
K = 1,05.
C 2 song chn rc cng tc nn s khe h ca mi song s l:

n1=150:2= 75 khe
Chiu rng ca song chn rc c tnh theo cng thc:
Bs=s*(n1-1)+(1 * n1)=0,008(75-1)+(0,016*75) = 1,792 m
[3, trang 115]
Ly Bs = 1,8m
Trong : s = B dy ca thanh song chn, thng ly s = 0,008m
Kim tra vn tc dng chy phn m rng ca mng trc song chn ng vi Qmin
khc phc kh nng lng ng cn khi vn tc nh hn 0,4m/s:
Vmin=
Qmin
0,25397
=
= 0,415m/s
Bs * hmin 1,8 * 0,34
[3, trang 115]
Trong : Qmin=Lu lng nh nht chy vo mi song chn rc

Tn tht p lc song chn rc:
[3, trang 115]
2
v max
(0,97) 2
hs= *
* K1= 0,628*
*3 = 0,09 m = 9cm
2 x9,81
2g
Trong :
vmax = Vn tc ca nc thi trc song chn rc ng vi ch Qmax

vmax = 0,97 m/s
K1 = H s tnh n s tng tn tht do vng mc rc song chn,
K1 = 2-3, chn K1 = 3
= H s sc cn cc b ca song chn c xc nh:[3, trang 115]
n tt nghip
Trang 30
s
l
= * ( )4/3 *sin= 1,83*(
0,008 4/3
) *sin600 = 0,628
0,016
= H s ph thuc vo tit din ngang ca thanh song chn

= Gc nghing ca song chn so vi hng dng chy, = 600
Chiu di phn m rng trc thanh chn rc L1:
L1=
[3, trang 115]
Bs Bm 1,8 1,2
=
= 0,824m
2 * 0,364
2tg
Trong :
Bs= Chiu rng ca song chn rc, Bs = 1,8m

Bm= Chiu rng ca mng dn, Bm = 1,2m
= Gc nghing ch m rng, thng ly = 200.
Chiu di phn m rng sau song chn rc:

L2=
[3, trang 116]
L1 0,824
=
= 0,412m
2
2
Chiu di xy dng ca phn mng:
[3, trang 116]
Lm= L1+L2+Ls= 0,824+0,412+1,5= 2,736m

Trong : Ls = Chiu di phn mng t song chn rc, Ls = 1,5m
Chiu su xy dng ca phn mng t song chn:
[3, trang 116]
Hm= hmax+hs+0,5=0,89+0,09+0,5 = 1,48m

Trong :
hmax= dy ng vi ch Qmax , hmax = 0,89m

0,5 = Khong cch gia ct sn nh t song chn rc v mc nc
cao nht
hs = Tn tht p lc song chn rc, hs = 0,09m
Khi lng rc ly ra trong ngy m t song chn rc:

W1=
Trong :
[3, trang 117]
8 * 452182
a * N ll
=
= 9,91m3/ng
365 *1000 365 * 1000
a = Lng rc tnh cho u ngi trong nm. Vi chiu rng khe h

cc thanh 16-20 mm, a ly bng 8 l/ng.nm
Nll = Dn s tnh ton theo cht l lng, Nll = 452182 ngi
Trng lng rc ngy m c tnh theo cng thc:
[3, trang 117]
P=W1*G= 9,91*750 = 7342,5kg/ng = 7,3425 T/ng
n tt nghip
Trang 31
Trong : G = Khi lng ring ca rc, G = 750 kg/m3

Trng lng rc trong tng gi trong ngy m:
Ph=
[3, trang 117]
P
7,3425
* Kh =
* 2 = 0,612 T/h
24
24
Trong : Kh = H s khng iu ha gi ca rc, Kh = 2

Rc c nghin nh trong my nghin rc (gm 2 my, trong 1 cng tc
v 1 d phng) v sau dn n b mtan x l cng vi bn ti v bn hot
tnh d.
Lng nc cn cung cp cho my nghin rc:
[3, trang 117]
Qn=40P=70x7,4325= 293,7 m3/ng

Tng s song chn rc l 3, trong 2 cng tc v mt d phng.
Trong gian nh t cc song chn rc, my nghin rc c b tr thm cc thit
b nng phc v cho tho lp v thay th cc thit b.
2
hs
B
L
Hnh 4.2. Song chn rc

1. Song chn rc.
2. Sn cng tc.
Hm lng cht l lng (Ctc) v NOS(Ltc) sau khi qua song chn rc gim 4%,
cn li:
C tc' =Ctc x (100-4)%=329,62(100-4)% = 316,44 mg/l
n tt nghip
Trang 32
L'tc =Ltc x (100-4)%=248,04(100-4)% = 238,12 mg/l
Bng 4.1.Cc thng s thit k v kch thc song chn rc
Thng s
n v
Lu lng gi ln nht
m3/h
Kch thc mng t song chn:
Gi tr
7131,4
- Chiu rng
1,2
- Chiu su
1,5
- Chiu di
Chiu cao lp nc trong mng
Kch thc thanh chn:
m
m
2,7
0,97
mm
16
mm
khe
m/s
mg/l
mg/l
8
75
0,97
316,44
238,12
- Chiu rng
- B dy
S khe h ca song chn rc
Vn tc dng chy qua song chn
Hm lng cht l lng (Ctc )
Nhu cu oxy sinh ha (Ltc )
n tt nghip
Trang 33
4.2.3.Tnh ton b lng ct ngang:

4.2.3.1.Tnh ton thy lc mng dn nc thi t song chn rc n b lng
ct ngang:
Kt qu tnh ton thy lc mng dn nc thi n b lng ct:
[ Bng 3-8, 3, trang 120]
4.2.3.2.Tnh ton b lng ct ngang:
Chiu di b lng ct ngang:
LC=
Trong
[3, trang 121]
100 * K * v max * H max 100 * 1,3 * 0,3 * 1,1

=
= 17,73 m
U0
24,2
vmax = Tc chuyn ng ca nc thi b lng ct ngang ng vi

lu lng ln nht, vmax = 0,3 m
Hmax = su lp nc trong b lng ct ngang, c th ly bng y
h trong mng dn ng vi Qmax
U0 = Kch thc thy lc ca ht ct
[ theo bng 3-9, 3 trang 121]
K = H s thc nghim tnh n nh hng ca c tnh nng chy ca

nc n tc lng ca ht ct trong b lng ct, K = 1,3 ng vi U0
= 24,2 mm/s
Din tch mt thong ca nc thi trong b lng ct ngang:
FC=
Qmax s 1980,94
=
= 81,86m2
U0
24,2
Chiu ngang tng cng ca b lng ct ngang:

BC=
[3, trang 121]
[3, trang 121]
FC 81,86
=
= 4,62 m
LC 17,73
Chn b lng ct gm 3 n nguyn, 2 n nguyn cng tc v 1 n nguyn d

phng.
Chiu ngang mi n nguyn:
bC=
[3, trang 121]
BC 4,62
=
= 2,31m
2
2
Th tch phn cha cn ca b lng ct:
[3, trang 122]
n tt nghip
WC=
Trong
Trang 34
N ll * Pxt 452182 * 0,02 x1

=
= 9,04 m3
1000
1000
Nll = Dn s tnh ton theo cht l lng, Nll = 452182 ngi

P = Lng ct gi li trong b lng ct cho mt ngi trong ngy m
t = Chu k x ct, chn t = 1 ngy m
Chiu cao lp ct trong b lng ct ngang trong 1 ngy m:

hC=
[3, trang 122]
WC
9,04
=
= 0,11m
LC * bC * n 17,73 * 2,31 * 2
Chiu cao xy dng ca b lng ct ngang:
[3, trang 122]
HC= Hmax+ hC + 0,4= 1,1+0,11+0,4 = 1,61 m

Trong : 0,4 = Khong cch t mc nc n thnh b, m.
Kim tra li tnh ton vi iu kin vmin>= 0,15m/s
vmin=
Qmin
507,94
=
= 0,24 m/s > 0,15 m/s
2 * bC * H min 2 * 2,31 * 0,45 * 1000
Trong : Hmin = su lp nc ng vi Qmin, ly bng y h ng vi Qmin.

Ct b lng ct c gom v h tp trung u b, sau hn hp ct-nc
s c a n sn phi ct.
Hm lng cht l lng (Ctc) v NOS20(Ltc) ca nc thi sau khi qua b lng ct
gim 5% v cn li:
[3, trang 123]
C tc" = C tc' (100-5)%= 316,44 x 95% = 300,62 mg/l

L"tc = L'tc (100-5)%= 238,12 x 95% = 226,21 mg/l
n tt nghip
Trang 35
Hnh 4.3. B lng ct ngang
Bng 4.2. Cc thng s thit k v kch thc b lng ct ngang

Thng s
n v
Gi tr
- Chiu di
17,7
- Chiu rng
4,6
m
m
mg/l
mg/l
1,6
0,11
300,62
226,21
Kch thc b:
- Chiu su
Chiu cao lp ct trong b trong mt ngy m
Hm lng cht l lng (Ctc )
Nhu cu oxy sinh ha BOD5 (Ltc )
4.2.3.3.Tnh ton sn phi ct:
Din tch hu ch ca sn phi ct:
FSC=
[3, trang 127]
N ll * P * 365 452182 * 0,02 * 365

=
= 660,19 m2
1000 * 5
1000 * h
Trong : h = Chiu cao lp bn ct trong nm, h = 4-5 m/nm
n tt nghip
Trang 36
Chn sn phi ct gm 4 , din tch mi bng: 660,19:4= 165,05 m2 166 m2

Kch thc mi : LSCxBSC = 22 x 7,55 m
4.2.4.Tnh ton b lng li tm t 1:
4
3
1. ng dn nc vo.
2. Sn cng tc.
Hnh 4.4. B lng li tm t 1
3. Mng thu nc.

4. ng thu bn.
5. H thng thanh gt cn.
Nhim v ca b lng t 1 l loi b cc tp cht l lng cn li trong nc

thi sau khi qua cc cng trnh x l trc . Hm lng cht l lng sau b lng
t 1 cn t 150 mg/l.
[3, trang 127]
Tnh ton b lng t 1 bao gm cc ni dung sau:

Th tch tng cng ca b lng 1:
[3, trang 127]
WL1=Qmax h * t =7131,4*1,5 = 10697,1 m3

Trong :
Qmax h = Lu lng ln nht gi

t = Thi gian lng c xc nh bng thc nghim v ng hc
lng. Trng hp khng tin hnh thc nghim c, c th ly thi
gian lng bng 1,5h.
Chn 3 b cng tc v mt b d phng, th tch mi b l:

Wl1=
[3, trang 128]
WL1 10697 ,1
=
= 3565,7 m3
3
3
Din tch mi b trong mt bng:
[3, trang 129]
n tt nghip
Wl1
=
H L1
Fl1=
Trang 37
3565,7
= 810,39 m2 810,5 m2
4,4
ng knh ca b lng:
DL1=
[3, trang 129]
4 Fl1
4x810,5
=
= 32,13 m
Chn ng knh b D = 33m

Tc lng ca ht cn l lng trong b lng:
U=
[3, trang 129]
4,4
H L1
=
= 0,81 mm/s
3,6 xt 3,6 x1,5
Hiu sut lng ca cht l lng trong nc thi b lng 1 ph thuc vo tc

lng ca ht cn l lng trong nc thi( U = 0,81 mm/s) v hm lng ban u
ca cht l lng( C tc" = 300,62 mg/l).
Hiu sut lng: Vi Ctc= 300,62 mg/l v U = 0,81mm/s, hiu sut lng E1 =
47%.
(Ni suy t bng 3-10, 3, trang 129)
Hm lng cht l lng tri theo nc ra khi b lng 1 c tnh theo cng thc:
C=
C tc" * (100 E1 ) 300,62 * (100 47)

=
= 159,33mg/l
100
100
Theo TCXD-51-84: Nng cht l lng trong nc thi b lng 1 a vo

aeroten lm sch sinh hc hon ton hoc vo cc b lc sinh hc khng c vt
qu 150mg/l.
[3, trang 131]
Trong trng hp ny, nng cht l lng C = 159,33mg/l>150 mg/l nn cn thc

hin giai on lm thong s b t c yu cu trn.
4.2.5.Tnh b lm thong s b:
Th tch b lm thong s b:
Wt=
Trong :
[3, trang 131]
Qmax h * t 7131,4 * 15
=
= 1782,85 m3
60
60
Qmax h = Lu lng ln nht gi

t = Thi gian lm thong, thng thng t = 10-20 pht,chn t = 15
pht
n tt nghip
Trang 38
Lng khng kh cn cung cp cho b lm thong c tnh theo lu lng ring ca

khng kh:
[3, trang 131]
V=Qmax h * D = 7131,4 * 0,5 = 3565,7 m3

D = Lu lng ca khng kh trn 1 m3 nc thi, D = 0,5 m3/m3
Trong :
Din tch b lm thong s b trn mt bng:

Ft=
[3, trang 131]
V 3565,7
=
= 594,28 m2
I
6
I = Cng thi kh trn 1m2 b mt b lm thong trong khong thi
Trong :
gian 1h, I = 4-7m3/m2.h. Ly I = 6m3/m2.h

Chiu cao cng tc ca b:
Ht=
Wt
Ft
[3, trang 132]
1782,85
=3m
594,28
Chn b lm thong s b gm 2 ngn, din tch mi ngn = 594,28: 2 = 297,14 m2.

Kch thc mi ngn: Btx Lt = 12x 25 m
[3, trang 132]
Hm lng cht l lng sau khi thc hin lm thong s b v lng vi hiu sut
E=65% (ph lc B):
Cl=
Trong :
[3, trang 132]
C "tc * (100 E ) 300,62 * (100 65)

=
= 105,217 mg/l
100
100
C tc" = Hm lng cht l lng trong nc thi dn n b lm thong,
C tc" = 300,62 mg/l
Nh vy hm lng cht l lng tri theo nc ra khi b lng n cng trnh x l

sinh hc l: 105,217 mg/l < 150 mg/l, t yu cu.
Hm lng NOS20 gim vi hiu sut E1 = 35%, vy sau khi lm thong s b v
lng, hm lng NOS20 ca nc thi:
L1=
Trong :
[3, trang 133]
L"tc * (100 E1 ) 226,21 * (100 35)

=
= 147,04 mg/l
100
100
L"tc = Hm lng NOS20 trong hn hp nc thi dn n b lm
thong, L"tc = 226,21 mg/l.

Th tch ngn cha cn ti ca b lng li tm t 1:
[3, trang 133]
n tt nghip
Trang 39
300,62 * 5804,38 * 65 * 8
C "tc * Q * Ext
Wb1=
=
= 60,5 m3
(100 P ) * 1000 * 1000 xn (100 95) * 1000 * 1000 * 3
"
Trong : C tc = Hm lng cht l lng trong hn hp nc thi sau b lng ct.
Q = Lu lng trung bnh gi trong 8 gi lm vic ca 1 ca( ly trung

bnh cng lu lng trong 8 gi ) t 8h n 16h [bng 3-3,3, trang 102]
E = Hiu sut lng, E = 65%
T = Thi gian tch lu cn
P = m ca cn ti: P = 95% nu x cn bng t chy
P = 93% nu x cn bng my bm
n = S b lng cng tc
Hnh 4.5. B lm thong s b
n tt nghip
Trang 40
Ch thch:
1. Mng dn nc thi vo.
2. Mng phn phi bn.
3. ng cung cp bn hot tnh tun hon.
4. Mng phn phi nc.
5. Vch ngn.
6. Mng dn nc thi ra.
7. ng dn khng kh.
8. ng c l phn phi khng kh.
9. B ng bng gch th.
Bng 4.3.Cc thng s thit k b lm thong s b

Thng s
Kch thc mi b:
n v
Gi tr
- Chiu di
25
- Chiu rng
24
- Chiu cao
Bng 4.4.Cc thng s thit k b lng li tm t 1

Thng s
n v
Gi tr
- ng knh
33
- Din tch
m2
810,5
m3
m3
3565,7
60,5
mg/l
mg/l
105,217
147,04
Kch thc b:
- Th tch
Th tch ngn cha cn ti
Hm lng cht l lng
NOS20
n tt nghip
Trang 41
4.2.6.Tnh ton Aeroten:

Nc thi sau khi x l b lng t 1 c dn n b Aeroten.
Aeroten thit k khng c ngn ti sinh bn v gi tr NOS20=105,217mg/l dn vo
aeroten < 150mg/l v trong thnh phn nc thi khng c cc cht c hi vt qu
tiu chun quy nh.
Ni dung tnh ton Aeroten gm:
4.2.6.1.Xc nh lu lng khng kh cung cp cho aeroten:
Lu lng khng kh qua mt m3 nc thi cn x l:
D=
Trong
[3, trang 139]
2 * La
2 * 147,04
=
= 5,25 m3/m3 nc thi
K *HA
14 * 4
La = NOS20 ca nc thi dn vo aeroten, La=Ll= 147,04 mg/l

K = H s s dng khng kh: K = 6-7 g/m4 khi s dng thit b khuch
tn khng kh l ng ng chm l; K = 14-18 g/m4 khi s dng tm
plastic xp; Chn K = 14g/m4.
HA = Chiu su cng tc ca aeroten, HA = 4 m.
Thi gian cn thit thi khng kh vo aeroten:

t=
[3, trang 139]
2 * L a 2 * 147,04
=
=5h
14 * 4,2
K *I
Trong :
I = Cng thi khng kh, I ph thuc vo hm lng NOS20 ca

nc thi dn vo aeroten v NOS20 sau x l.
Chn I = 4,2 m3/m2.h
n tt nghip
Trang 42
Lng khng kh thi vo aeroten trong 1 n v thi gian(gi):
[3, trang 139]
VA= D*Q= 5,25* 3143,75 = 16504,7 m3/h

Q = Lu lng nc thi, m3/h.
Trong :
4.2.6.2.Xc nh kch thc Aeroten:

Din tch Aeroten:
FA=
[3, trang 140]
VA 16504,7
=
= 3929,7 m2
4
,
2
I
Th tch Aeroten:
[3, trang 140]
WA=FA *HA=3929,7*4= 15718,8 m3

Trong : HA = Chiu cao ca Aeroten, HA = 4 m
Chiu di cc hnh lang ca Aeroten:
LA=
[3, trang 140]
FA 3929,7
=
= 491,2 m
8
b
Trong : b = Chiu ngang mi hnh lang ca Aeroten, ly b = 2HA = 8 m

Chn Aeroten gm 4 n nguyn, 4 hnh lang cho mi n nguyn.
Chiu di mi hnh lang:
lA=
[3, trang 140]
LA
491,2
=
= 30,7m 31m
nA * N A 4 * 4
Trong : nA = S hnh lang trong 1 n nguyn, nA = 4

NA = S n nguyn, NA = 4
4.2.6.3.Tnh ton thit b khuch tn khng kh:
Chn loi thit b khuch tn khng kh vi tm xp c kch thc mi tm
300x300x40 mm.
[3, trang 140]
Nh vy s lng tm xp khuch tn khng kh cn thit l:
[3, trang 140]
NX=
Trong :
VA * 1000 16504,7 * 1000

=
= 2500,7 tm
110 * 60
D ' * 60
NX = S lng tm xp
D = Lu lng ring ca khng kh. Khi chn tm xp: D= 80-120
l/pht. Chn D = 110 l/pht.
S lng tm xp n1 trong mt hnh lang:
[3, trang 142]
n tt nghip
n1=
Trang 43
NX
2500,7
=
= 156,3 157 tm
nA * N A
4*4
Cc tm xp c b tr thnh 1 hng t 1 pha ca hnh lang. [3, trang 142]

Cc tm xp vi kch thc 300x300x40 mm c t trn rnh di y ca
Aeroten.
[3, trang 142]
4.2.6.4.Tnh ton lng bn hot tnh tun hon:

T kinh nghim qun l cc trm x l nc thi cho thy lng bn hot tnh tun
hon chim 40-70% tng lng bn hot tnh sinh ra.
[3, trang 143]
Lng bn hot tnh tun hon:
[3, trang 143]
P=
C hh C ll
2400 105,217
*100%=
*100% = 67,49%
C th C hh
5800 2400
Trong :
Chh = Nng bn hot tnh trong hn hp nc-bn chy t aeroten

n b lng t 2, Chh = 2000-3000 mg/l, ly Chh = 2400 mg/l.
Cll = Nng cht l lng trong nc thi chy vo aeroten, Cll =
105,217 mg/l
Cth = Nng bn hot tnh tun hon, Cth=5000-6000 mg/l, ly Cth =
5800 mg/l.
Vi P = 67,49%, lu lng trung bnh ca hn hp bn hot tnh tun hon l:

[3, trang 143]
Qth=
P * Q tb -h 67,49 * 3143,75
=
= 2112,29 m3/h
100
100
n tt nghip
Trang 44
mt bng
B
i =0.05
i =0.05
i =0.05
17
d300
18
16
C
d50
10
d50
i =0.05
i =0.05
i =0.05
10
10
d50
d100
11
10 d50
10
i =0.05
18
d50
d300
18
14
i =0.05
i =0.05
13
d50
i =0.05
d200
10
i =0.05
i =0.05
12 d150
11 d75
d50
d50
10
d50
10
10
18
15
i =0.05
i =0.05
i =0.05
13
d 150
12
d 200
mt c t a - a
11
d 100
11
d 75
1
2
d 300
15
10d 50
10 d 50
10 d 50
16
d 300
18
d 300
14
Hnh 4.3. Cu to b Aeroten

1.Knh phn phi nc trn
2.Knh phn phi nc di
3.Knh phn phi bn hot tnh
4.Knh tp trung nc v b lng II
5,6,7 Mng dn nc sang b lng II

8.Tm xp
9. Phai chn
10,11,12. Dn phn phi kh
n tt nghip
Trang 45
Bng 4.5 Cc thng s tnh ton ca b aeroten

Thng s
n v
m3
h
Gi tr
15718,8
5
- S n nguyn
ci
- Chiu di
31
- Chiu rng
32
m
m /m3
m3/h
tm
4
5,25
16504,7
157
Th tch b
Thi gian lm sch nc thi
Kch thc b:
- Chiu cao
Lu lng khng kh lm sch 1m3 nc thi
Lu lng khng kh cn thi vo aerten
S tm xp trn mi hnh lang
4.2.7.Tnh ton b lng li tm t 2:
B lng li tm t 2 lm nhim v lng hn hp nc-bn t b aeroten dn n v

bn lng y c gi l bn hot tnh
[3, trang 150]
S liu tnh ton b lng t 2 :
[3, trang 150]
-Thi gian lng ng vi Qmax v vi x l sinh hc hon ton : = 2h

- Hm lng cht l lng tri theo nc ra khi b lng t 2 ng vi NOS20
sau x l l 12mg/l
Th tch ca b lng t 2 :
[3, trang 150]
WL2=Qmax h * t= 7131,4 * 2 = 14262,8 m3

Chn 4 b lng lm vic song song, khi th tch mi b l :
Wl2=
[3, trang 150]
WL2 14262,8
=
= 3565,7 m3
4
4
Chn ng knh b lng t 2 bng ng knh b lng t 1:
[3, trang 150]
DL2 = 33 m
Din tch mi b:
D=
4 * Fl 2
[3, trang 150]

Fl2=
* D 2 3,14 * (33) 2
=
= 854,87 m2
4
4
Chiu su vng lng ca b lng t 2:

HL2=
[3, trang 150]
Wl 2 3565,7
=
= 4,17m 4,2 m
Fl 2 854,87
n tt nghip
Trang 46
Chiu cao xy dng:
[3, trang 151]
Hxd= HL2+hth+hb+hbv= 4,17+0,3+0,5+0,33= 5,3 m

Trong :
hth = Chiu cao lp trung ha, hth = 0,3 m

hb = Chiu cao lp bn trong b lng, hb = 0,5 m
hbv = Chiu cao bo v, hbv = 0,33m
Th tch ngn cha bn ca b lng li tm t 2:

Wb2=
Trong :
[3, trang 151]
(C b C tr ) * Qtb h *100 xt (160 12) * 3143,75 * 100 * 2

=
= 51,7 m3
(100 P ) * 1000 * 1000 xn (100 99,4) * 1000 *1000 * 3
Cb = Hm lng bn hot tnh trong nc ra khi b aeroten, g/m3.

Ctr = Hm lng cht l lng tri theo nc ra khi b lng t 2, Ctr =
12 mg/l
t = Thi gian tch ly bn hot tnh trong b, t = 2h
P = m ca bn hot tnh, P = 99,4%
n = S b lng cng tc, n = 3 b
Qtb h = Lu lng trung bnh gi ca nc thi, Qtb h = 3143,75m3/h.
Vic x bn ra khi b lng t 2 c thc hin bng p lc thy tnh 0,9-1,2m v

ng knh ng dn bn = 200mm
[3, trang 151]
Bng 4.6.Cc thng s thit k b lng li tm t 2

Thng s
n v
Gi tr
- ng knh
33
- Din tch
m2
854,87
- Chiu cao
Th tch ngn cha bn
Hm lng cht l lng
NOS20
m
m3
mg/l
mg/l
5,3
51,7
12
15
Kch thc b:
n tt nghip
Trang 47
Hnh 4.4. B lng t 2
1. ng dn nc thi vo
2. H thng thanh gt cn
3. Hnh lang cng tc
4. Tm chn hng vng
5. ng c
6. Lng quay
7. Bng phn phi nc thi
8. ng dn nc thi ra
9. ng x cn
4.2.8.Tnh ton b nn bn:
n tt nghip
Trang 48
Bn hot tnh t b lng t 2 c m cao: 99,4-99,7%. Mt phn ln loi bn ny

c dn tr li aeroten (loi bn ny gi l bn hot tnh tun hon), phn bn cn
li gi l bn hot tnh d c dn vo b nn bn. Nhim v ca b nn bn l lm
gim m ca bn hot tnh d bng cch lng c hc t m thch hp( 9496%) phc v cho cng on x l sau.
[3, trang 153]
Tnh ton b nn bn gm cc ni dung sau:

4.2.8.1.Tnh ton lng bn d dn n b nn bn:
Hm lng bn hot tnh d c th xc nh theo cng thc:
[3, trang 154]
Bd=( *Cll)- Ctr=(1,3*105,217)- 12 = 124,78 mg/l

Trong :
Bd = Hm lng bn hot tnh d, mg/l

= H s tnh ton ly bng 1,3 khi aeroten x l hon ton
Cll = Hm lng cht l lng tri theo nc ra khi b lng t 1, Cll =

105,217 mg/l
Ctr = Hm lng bn hot tnh tri theo nc ra khi b lng t 2, C tr =
12mg/l.
Lng bn hot tnh d ln nht(Bd max):
[3, trang 154]
Bd max=K* Bd=1,15* 124,78 = 143,5 mg/l

Lng bn hot tnh d ln nht tnh theo gi:
qmax=
Trong :
[3, trang 155]
(1 - P) * B d - max * Q (1 - 0,6749) * 143,5 * 75450

=
= 36,67 m3/h
24 * C d
24 * 4000
qmax =Lng bn hot tnh d ln nht, m3/h

P = Phn trm lng bn hot tnh tun hon v aeroten, P = 67,49%
Q = Lu lng trung bnh ngy m ca hn hp nc thi, Q = 75450
m3/ng
Cd = Nng bn hot tnh d ph thuc c tnh ca bn, Cd = 4000
mg/l ( theo bng 3-12, 2 trang 155)
Vi m ca bn hot tnh t b lng t 2 l 99,4% v vi b nn bn li tm c

chn, m ca bn hot tnh sau khi nn t 97,3%. [bng 3-12, 3, trang 155]
4.2.8.2.Tnh ton kch thc b nn bn:
n tt nghip
Trang 49
Din tch ca b nn bn li tm:

FN=
[3, trang 156]
q max 36,67
=
= 122,23 m2
q0
0,3
Trong : q0 = Ti trng tnh ton ln din tch mt thong ca b nn bn, m3/m2.h

ng knh ca b nn bn li tm:
D=
[3, trang 156]
4 * FN
4 * 122,23
=
= 8,8m 9 m
*n
*2
Trong : n = S b nn bn c chn, n = 2
Chiu cao cng tc ca vng nn bn:
[3, trang 156]
Hct= q0* t= 0,3*10= 3m

Trong : t = Thi gian nn bn. i vi b nn bn li tm, vi Cd = 4000 mg/l, ta
c t = 9-11h, chn t = 10h.
[bng 3-12, 3, trang 155]
Chiu cao tng cng ca b nn bn:
[3, trang 156]
HN= Hct+h1+h2+h3= 3+0,4+0,3+1= 4,7 m

Trong :
HN = Chiu cao tng cng ca b nn bn,m

h1 = Khong cch t mc nc n thnh b, h1= 0,4m
h2 = Chiu cao lp bn v lp t thit b gt bn y:
dng h thng thanh gt bn: h2 = 0,3m
h3 = Chiu cao tnh t y b n mc bn,h3 = 1m
Bn nn c x nh k di p lc thy tnh 0,5-1m
Hnh 4.5. Cu to b nn bn.

1. ng dn bn vo.
2. Bung phn phi.
n tt nghip
Trang 50
3. Mng thu nc.

4. Tm gt cn.
5. H thu cn.
Bng 4.7.Cc thng s thit k b nn bn li tm

Thng s
n v
m2
Gi tr
122,2
- ng knh
- Chiu cao
4,7
Din tch b
Kch thc b:
4.2.9.Tnh ton b mtan:

B mtan c thit k x l sinh hc k kh cc loi cn sau y ca trm x l
nc thi:
-Cn ti t b lng t 1
-Bn hot tnh d sau khi nn
-Rc nghin nh
Ni dung tnh ton gm:
4.2.9.1.Xc nh lng cn dn n b mtan:
Lng cn ti t b lng 1:
[3, trang 158]
300,62 * 75450 * 65 *1,1

C "tc * Q * E * K
Wc=
=
= 324,35 m3/ngd
(100 P) * 1000 * 1000 (100 95) * 1000 * 1000
Trong :
C"tc = Hm lng cht l lng trong nc thi dn n b lng t 1
Q = Lu lng ngy m ca hn hp nc thi

E = Hiu sut lng c lm thong s b
K = H s tnh n kh nng tng lng cn do c c ht l lng ln.
P = m ca cn ti
Lng bn hot tnh d( 50% dn n b lm thong, 50% dn n b nn bn):
[3, trang 159]
[C "tc (100 E ) 100C tr ] * Q * 50 [300,62 (100 65)1,2 100 * 12] * 75450 * 50
Wb=
=
(100 97,3) * 1000 *1000 * 100
(100 P ) * 1000 *1000 * 100
n tt nghip
Trang 51
Wb = 159,65 m3/ngd
Trong :
= H s tnh n kh nng tng trng khng iu ha ca bn
hot tnh
P = m ca bn hot tnh sau khi nn
Lng rc song chn rc:Rc c gi li song chn rc c nghin nh qua
my nghin rc vi m ban u P1 = 80% n m sau khi nghin P2 = 94-95%.
Lng rc sau khi nghin nh:
Wr=W1*
Trong :
[3, trang 159]
100 - P1
100 - 80
=9,91*
= 33,03 m3/ngd
100 P2
100 94
W1 = Lng rc trong ngy m(nh xc inh trong phn tnh ton

song chn rc)
Lng cn tng cng dn n b mtan:
[ 3, trang 159]
W=Wc+Wb+Wr= 324,35+159,65+33,03= 517,03 m3/ngd

m trung bnh ca hn hp cn:
Phh=100*[1-
[3, trang 160]
C k + Bk + Rk
16,22 + 4,31 + 1,98
]=100*[1]= 95,65%
Wtc
517,03
Trong :Ck=Lng cht kh trong cn ti vi m P = 95%

Ck=
Wc (100 P) 324,35(100 95)

=
= 16,22 m3/ngd
100
100
Bk=Lng cht kh trong bn hot tnh d vi m P = 97,3%

Bk=
Wb (100 P) 159,65(100 97,3)

=
= 4,31 m3/ngd
100
100
Rk=Lng cht kh trong rc sau khi nghin vi m P = 94%

Rk=
Wr (100 P) 33,03(100 94)

=
= 1,98 m3/ngd
100
100
4.2.9.2.Tnh ton b mtan:

Khi m ca hn hp cn Phh> 94% th chn ch ln men m vi t = 30340C. Chn t = 330C.
Dung tch b mtan:
[3, trang 160]

[3, trang 160]
n tt nghip
Wm =
W *100
d
Trang 52
517,03 * 100
= 5385,73 m3
9,6
W = Lng cn a vo b mtan, m3/ngd
Trong :
d = Liu lng cn ngy m dn vo b mtan (%), ph thuc vo

ch ln men v m ca cn. Ly theo Bng 3-14-[3], theo vi ch ln
men m 33oC, m 95,65%, d = 9,6%
Chn 3 b cng tc vi dung tch mi b: Wm1 =5385,73:3= 1795,2 m3 1795,5 m3 v
thm mt b d phng.
Kch thc b mtan (ly theo kch thc mu- loi dung tch 2500m3-bng 3-15[3]):
D = 17,5 m
h1 = 2,5 m
H = 8,5 m
h2 = 3,03 m
-Tnh lng kh t
Trong qu trnh x l sinh hc b mtan c sn sinh mt lng kh t ch yu
l kh CH4, v mt t kh CO2. Lng kh t ny c xc nh theo cng thc:
y=
a n * d 47,43 0,4 * 11
=
= 0,43
100
100
(m3/kg)
Trong :
+ y = lng kh t thu c, m3/kg cht khng tro.
+ n = H s ph thuc vo m ca cn v ch ln men. Vi ch ln
men m, m hn hp cn 98%, theo Bng 3-16-[3], n = 0,4.
+ d = Liu lng cn ngy m dn vo b mtan, ly theo Bng 3-14-[3],
ch ln men m, m ca hn hp cn l 98%, theo d = 11.
+ a = Kh nng ln men ln nht ca cht khng tro trong hn hp cn dn
vo b mtan, %. Gi tr a c tnh theo cng thc sau: [3, trang 163]
a=
53 * (C o + R0 ) + 44 * Bo 53 * 0,29 + 44 * 0,195
=
= 49,38 %
C o + Bo + R0
0,485
Trong : Co, Bo tng ng l lng cht khng tro ca cn ti v bn d.
n tt nghip
Trang 53
Lng cht khng tro trong cn ti: [3, tr 163]

Co = Ck *
100 Ac 100 Tc
100 5 100 25
*
= 16,22 *
*
= 11,56
100
100
100
100
(T/ng.).
Trong :
CK = Lng cht kh trong cn ti
Ac = ho nc ca cn ti, AC = 5%. [3, trang 163]
TC = T l tro trong cn ti, TC = 25%
Lng cht khng tro trong bn hot tnh d:
Bo = B k *
[3, trang 163]

[3, trang 164]
100 Ab 100 Tb
100 6 100 27
*
= 4,31 *
*
= 2,96 (T/ng)
100
100
100
100
Trong :
Ab = ho nc ca cn ti, AC = 6%.
Tb = T l tro trong cn ti, TC = 27%
BK = Lng cht kh trong bn hot tnh d
Lng cht khng tro trong rc nghin:
Ro = R k *
100 Ar 100 Tr
100 4 100 24
*
= 1,98 *
*
= 1,44 (T/ngd)[3, trang 163]
100
100
100
100
Lng kh t tng cng c xc nh theo cng thc sau:

K = y * ( C o + B0 + R0 ) * 1000 = 0,453 * (11,56 + 2,96 + 1,44 ) * 1000 = 7299,88 (m3/ng)
n tt nghip
Trang 54
Ghi ch:
1 - ng dn hn hp cn
2 - ng x cn ln men
1500
3 - ng x nc bn
3
7000
4000
1700
4 - ng dn kh t
1800
1000
Hnh 4.6. B mtan

Bng 4.9. Thng s thit k b mtan
Thng s
Dung tch b
Kch thc b:
n v
m3
Gi tr
5385,7
- ng knh
17,5
- Chiu cao
14,5
Lng kh t tng cng

m3/ng.
4.2.10.Tnh ton cng trnh lm ro nc trong cn:
7299,88
Cn sau khi ln men b mtan c m cao cn lm ro nc trong cn t

m cn thit thun li cho vn chuyn v x l tip theo.
Lm ro nc c th c thc hin sn phi bn( khi tri nng) hoc my p bn(
khi tri ma).
4.2.10.1.Tnh ton sn phi bn:

Lng cn tng cng dn n sn phi bn:
[3, trang 166]
Wtc= W+Wtx= 517,03+18,09= 535,12 m3/ngd
n tt nghip
Trong :
Trang 55
W = Lng cn t b mtan
Wtx = Lng cn t b tip xc:
Wtx =
a * N ll 0,04 * 452182
=
= 18,09 m3/ng
1000
1000
y: a = Tiu chun bn lng b tip xc( khi dng clo kh trng) tnh cho
mt ngi trong ngy m.
Nll = Dn s tnh ton theo cht l lng.
Din tch hu ch ca sn phi:
F1 =
[3, trang 166]
Wtc * t 535,12 * 365

=
= 32553,13 m2
qo * n
2*3
Trong :
qo= Ti trng cn trn sn phi bn, trong trng hp ang xt vi

cn ti, bn hot tnh d ln men vi nn nhn to c rt nc,
qo = 2 m3/m2.nm.
n = H s ph thuc vo iu kin kh hu, i vi cc tnh min
Trung c th ly n = 2,8 3,4; chn n = 3
Sn phi chia lm nhiu . Chn kch thc mi : 50 x 60 =3000 m2 .

S s l: nsb= 32553,13 : 3000 = 10,85.
Chn nsb = 11
Din tch thc ca sn: Fsb=11 x 3000 = 33000 m2
Din tch ph ca sn phi: Fp=k x Fsb= 0,28 x 33000 = 9240 m2
Din tch tng cng ca sn: Ftc= Fsb+Fp=33000+9240 = 42240 m2
Kch thc ca sn phi bn: LxB= 392x108
Lng bn phi t m 96% n m 75% trong mt nm s l:
WP=Wtc*365*
Trong :
(100 - P1 )
(100 - 96)
=535,12*365*
= 31251 m3
(100 P2 )
(100 75)
P1 = m trung bnh ca cn khi ln men b mtan, P1 = 96-97%.

Chn P1 = 96%
P2 = m sau khi phi, P2 = 75-80%. Chn P2 = 75%.
n tt nghip
Trang 56
1
6
Hnh 4.7.Sn phi bn

Ghi ch:
1 - ng dn cn ln men
2 Mng dn cn
3 Mng x bn xung cc
4 - ng rt nc tp trung
5 - ng dn nc ra khi sn phi bn
6 Mi che
Bng 4.9. Thng s thit k sn phi bn

Thng s
n v
Gi tr
-Chiu di
375
- Chiu rng
110
Lng bn phi tng cng

4.2.10.2.My p bn:
m3
31251
Kch thc :
Th tch cn lm kh:
Wk= Wtc *
100 P1 535,12 100 96

=
*
= 3,57 m 3 / h
100 P2
24
100 75
Hm lng bn sau khi nn C = 50 kg/m3 .
[3, trang 510]
Lng cn a n my:
G= C * Wk= 50 * 3,57= 178,5 kg/h= 4284 kg/ngy.
Lng cn a n my trong 1 tun l: 4284 x 7 = 29988 kg.
Mi tun my p lm vic 7 ngy v mi ngy lm 8 gi.
Vy lng cn a n my trong 1 gi l:
G=
29988
= 535,5kg / h
7 *8
n tt nghip
Trang 57
Ti trng cn trn 1m rng ca bng ti dao ng trong khong 90-680 kg/m chiu
rng bng .gi. Chn bng ti c nng sut 250 kg/m(rng).h.
Chiu rng bng ti : b =
G
535,5
=
= 2,14m
250
250
Chn my c chiu rng bng 2 m v nng sut 250 kg/m(rng).h.
2
1
Hnh 4.8. My p bn
1.
Thng nh lng v phn phi.
2.
Trc p.
3.
Bn vo.
4.
Nc ra.
5.
Bnh bn sau khi tch nc
4.2.10.3.Tnh ton kh trng nc thi- Tnh ton b tip xc:

a) Kh trng nc thi bng Clo:
[3, trang 168]
Sau cc giai on x l, nng cc cht nhim gim t tiu chun quy

nh th s lng vi trng cng gim ng k n 90-95%. Tuy nhin, lng vi trng
vn cn cao v theo nguyn tc bo v v sinh ngun nc cn thc hin giai on
kh trng nc thi.
thc hin kh trng nc thi c th s dng cc bin php nh Clo ha,
ozon, kh trng bng tia hng ngoi UV. y cp n phng php kh trng
bng Clo v n gin, r tin, hiu qu chp nhn c.
n tt nghip
Trang 58
b) Tnh ton mng trn:

Chn mng trn vch ngn c l gm 2 hoc 3 ngn vi cc l c d = 20100mm.
S l c trong ngn:
n=
Trong :
[3, trang 177]
4 * 1,981
4 * Q max
=
= 328,8 l. Chn n = 333 l
2
2
d * v 3,14 * (0,08) * 1,2
Qmax = Lu lng nc thi ln nht

d
= ng knh l
= Tc chuyn ng ca nc qua l
Chn s hng l theo chiu ng: nd = 14 hng

Chn s hng l theo chiu ngang: nn = 24 hng.
Khong cch gia tm cc l theo chiu ngang ly bng 2d = 2x0,08 = 0,16m
Khong cch gia cc l ngoi cng n cc thanh trong cng ca mng trn
theo chiu ngang ly bng d = 0,08m.
Chiu ngang mng trn:
[3, trang 177]
Bm=2*d*(nn-1)+ 2*d=2*0,08*(24-1) + 2*0,08= 3,84m

Khong cch gia tm cc l theo chiu ng ca vch ngn th nht l 2d.
Khong cch t tm l ca hng ngang di cng n y mng trn bng d = 0,08m
Chiu cao lp nc trc vch ngn th 1:
[3, trang 177]
H1=2*d*(nd-1) + d=2*0,08*(14-1)+0,08= 2,16m

Chiu cao lp nc trc vch ngn th 2:
[3, trang 177]
H2= H1+h= 2,16+0,19 = 2,35 m

Trong :
h = Tn tht p lc qua cc l ca vch ngn th 2:

v2
(1,2) 2
h= 2
=
= 0,19 m
* 2 g (0,62) 2 * 2 * 9,81
=h s lu lng
Khong cch a gia tm cc l theo chiu ng:
[3, trang 178]
H2= a*(nd-1)+b
T rt ra: a =
H 2 b 2,35 0,14
=
= 0,17m
nd 1
14 1
n tt nghip
Trang 59
Trong : b = Khong cch t tm l ca hng ngang di cng vch ngn th nht

n y mng trn, chn b = 1,75d= 1,75*0,08 = 0,14m
Khong cch gia cc vch ngn:
[3, trang 178]
l= 1,5*Bm=1,5*3,84= 5,76 m
Chiu di tng cng ca mng trn vi 2 vch ngn c l:
[3, trang 178]
Lm=3*l+2* =3*5,76+2*0,2= 17,68m

Chiu cao xy dng ca mng trn:
[3, trang 178]
Hm= H2+Hdp= 2,35+0,35= 2,7m

Trong : Hdp = Chiu cao d phng tnh t tm dy l ngang trn cng ca vch
ngn th 2 n mp trn cng ca mng trn.
Thi gian lu li trong mng trn:
t=
[3, trang 178]
H 1 * Bm * Lm 2,16 * 3,84 * 17,68

=
= 74,03 giy= 1,23 pht
Qmax
1,981
Bng 4.10. Thng s thit k mng trn

Thng s
n v
Gi tr
-S ngn
ngn
-Chiu di
17,7
- Chiu rng
3,8
m
pht
2,7
1,23
Kch thc :
- Chiu cao
Thi gian lu li trong mng trn
Hnh 4. Mng trn vch ngn c l

c) Tnh ton b tip xc:
n tt nghip
Trang 60
B tip xc ging nh b lng nhng khng c thit b gom bn nhm thc

hin qu trnh tip xc gia Clo v nc thi sau khi x l b lng t 2.
Chn b tip xc dng ng tnh ton thit k. Thi gian tip xc gia Clo
v nc thi l 30 pht k c thi gian tip xc mng dn nc t b lng tip xc
ra sng.
Thi gian tip xc ring trong b tip xc:
t=30Trong :
[ 3, trang 179]
180
L
=30= 24 pht
0,5 * 60
v * 60
L = Chiu di mng dn t b tip xc ra n sng, m

v = Tc chuyn ng ca nc trong mng dn nc thi t b
tip xc ra n b sng, m/s
Th tch hu ch ca b tip xc:

Wbtx=Qmax * t= 7131,4*
24
= 2852,56 m3
60
Chn 8 b tip xc v th tch mi b s l:

W1=
Trong :
[3, trang 179]
W1 356,57
=
= 79,23 m2
H1
4,5
H1 = Chiu cao cng tc ca b tip xc, H1 = 2,5-5,5. Chn H1 = 4,5 m
ng knh ca b tip xc:

D=
[3, trang 179]
Wbtx 2852,56
=
= 356,57 m3
8
8
Din tch mi b trong mt bng :

F1=
[3, trang 179]
[3, trang 179]
4 * 79,23
4 * F1
=
= 10,04 10m
3,14
Bn t b tip xc c dn n sn phi bn lm ro nc trong bn.
n tt nghip
Trang 61
Hnh 4. B tip xc
Bng 4.11. Thng s thit k b tip xc
Thng s
Thi gian lu nc trong b
Th tch b
Din tch mt thong ca b
Kch thc b:
- ng knh
- Chiu cao
4.2.11. Tnh ton cc cng trnh ph tr :
n v
pht
m3
m2
Gi tr
30
356,57
79,23
10
4,5
4.2.11.1.Tnh chn bm:

a) Bm nc thi:
Ty thuc vo thnh phn v tnh cht ca nc thi m ta chn loi bm ph
hp. S lng my bm hot ng chn theo lu lng nc thi v hot ng ca
cc cng trnh n v. i vi cng trnh x l ny ta chn 1 bm bm nc t
n tt nghip
Trang 62
trm bm n ngn tip nhn, 1 bm bm nc thi t sn phi ct, 1 bm

bm t my p bn v 1 bm bm t b nn bn, ngoi ra cn c hai bm d
phng. Tng cng c 6 bm, trong c 2 bm d phng.
Vi lu lng nc thi 3143,75 m3/h, c th chn bm pyT. y l loi
bm li tm mt cp nm ngang bm cc cht lng c cha tp cht rn vi nng
v kch thc ln.
c tnh k thut ca bm pyT:
[5, trang 445]
Nng sut bm
: 540-4700 m3/h
p sut ton phn
: 40-74 m
S vng quay
: 485-730 vg/pht
Nhit cht lng :<600C

Chiu cao ht:7-8 m
b) Bm bn:
+Bm bn tun hon vi lu lng 2112,29 m3/h: Chn bm II l bm ly
tm mt cp nm ngang bm cht lng c khi lng ring < 1,8kg/l.
c tnh k thut ca bm pyT:
[5, trang 445]
Nng sut bm
: 12,5-1250 m3/h
p sut ton phn
: 12,5-60 m
S vng quay
: 965-1450 vg/pht
Nhit cht lng :<600C

Chiu cao ht:2-9 m
+Bm bn d t b nn bn vi lu lng 36,67 m3/h: Chn bm IIOM l bm ly
tm thng ng bm nc bn vi khi lng ring ca nc bn < 1250kg/m3.
c tnh k thut ca bm IIOM:
Nng sut bm
: 10-100 m3/h
p sut ton phn
: 10-25 m
S vng quay
: 2900 vg/pht
[5, trang 445]
Nhit cht lng :<600C

Chiu cao ht:0,3 m
n tt nghip
Trang 63
4.2.11.2.Tnh chn my thi kh:

Dng my thi kh cung cp kh cho b lm thong, b aeroten.
Lng khng kh cn cung cp cho 2 b trn l q = 275,08+59,43= 334,51
m3/pht.
Chn 2 my thi kh li tm K350-60-1, trong c 1 my d phng.
Cc thng s k thut ca my K350-60-1
Nmg sut
: 350 m3/pht
p sut nn
: 7,5 ati
S vng quay
: 8600 vg/pht
[5, trang 514]
Cng sut ng c : 2000 kW

Khi lng
: 25 tn
Cch truyn ng
: ng c in ng b vi hp gim tc.
Bng 4.12.Hiu qu x l qua tng cng on
n tt nghip
CNG
TRNH
Trang 64
TRC X L
SS
NOS20
(mg/l) (mg/l) pH
329,62 248,04 4-9
SS(mg/l)
%
Cra
4%
316,44
SAU X L
NOS20 (mg/l)
%
Cra
4%
238,12
B lng
ct
316,44
238,12
4-9
5%
5%
B lm
thong
s b
B lng
t 1
B
Aeroten
B lng
t 2
B tip
xc Clo
Nc
thi u
ra
300,62
226,21
4-9
300,62
226,21
6-9
105,22
147,04
6-9
105,22
36,76
6-9
15
12
6-9
Song
chn rc
300,62
226,21
Gim hm lng sau lng t 1 xung

t yu cu.
65%
105,22
87,74%
15
pH
Gi li cc tp cht rn
c kch thc ln(rc)
m bo cho cc
cng trnh v thit b
tip theo.
Loi b ct, si, bo
v bm v cc thit b
c kh trnh b mi mn
v lng ng trong cc
b.
6-9
35%
147,04
6-9
75%
36,76
6-9
67,36%
12
6-9
Tiu dit cc vi sinh vt c trong nc thi trc khi x vo

ngun tip nhn.
t tiu chun nc thi loi A theo tiu chun nc thi th
CHNG 5
TNH TON XY DNG V QUY HOCH TNG MT BNG
n tt nghip
Trang 65
5.1.B tr mt bng trm x l nc thi:

5.1.1.Chn v tr xy dng:
Khu cng nghip Ho Cm c a hnh cao ro, nm cao t 11-32m so
vi mc nc bin, dc thot nc chung ca khu vc rt tt. Do vy, hon ton
khng b ngp lt vo ma ma bo. Mt bng c san nn bng phng, dc san
nn i= 0,003-0,05 m bo dc thot nc.
[ 6]
Khu cng nghip Ha Cm nm cch trung tm thnh ph Nng 8km,

thuc qun Cm L v gn qun Hi Chu. Do vic xy dng trm x l y s
gim c chiu di v gi thnh cng thot nc. Mt khc, khu cng nghip Ha
Cm nm gn sng Cm L, do vic dn nc thi x l ra ngoi s d dng,
thun tin v gim c chi ph vn chuyn.
[ 6]
Khu cng nghip Ha Cm tip gip quc l 14B, nm gn tuyn ng st

i Nng-Dung Qut v nm cnh quc l 1A. Mt khc, n cn nm gn cng
bin Tin Sa, cng bin Lin Chiu[ 6]. Do , thun li cho vic vn chuyn nhin
liu, ha cht v cht thi.
T nhng phn tch trn, vic chn xy dng trm x l nc thi trong khu
cng nghip Ha Cm l hp l.
5.1.2.Mt bng tng th v cao trnh ca trm x l:
-Cng trnh n v c b tr theo tng t xy dng.
-Bn cn c vn chuyn cng sau hoc cng bn.
-Cc h thng ng, rnh, mng, c chiu di ngn nht.
-Trong trm x l c thit k ng b, ng xe i li.
-Cc thit b phn phi u nc thi cho cc cng trnh n v.
-Cc thit b o lu lng.
-Trm bm kh nn.
-Trm sa cha.
-Ch xe.
-Nh hnh chnh.
Xung quanh trm x l nc thi c trng cy xanh v hng ro bo v.
n tt nghip
Trang 66
5.2.Cc cng trnh xy dng ca trm:

5.2.1.Ngn tip nhn:
-t trc song chn rc.
-Kch thc: di x rng x cao= LxBxH = 2,8m x 2,5m x 2m
5.2.2.Song chn rc:
-B tr sau ngn tip nhn v t trn mng dn nc thi.
-Kch thc thanh: rng x dy= bxd = 0,008m x 0,025 m
-Vt liu: dng loi thanh ch nht lm bng thp khng r.
-Kch thc mng t song chn:rng x su= BxH=1,2m x 1,5m
5.2.3.B lng ct:
-Dng b lng ct ngang, mt bng hnh ch nht.
-Kch thc:di x rng x cao=L x B x H=18m x 5m x 2m
-Din tch: F=2xL x B= 2x18 x 5= 180 m2
-Vt liu: b tng ct thp,c qut chng thm.
5.2.4.B lm thong s b:
-Chn b lm thong s b gm 2 ngn.
-Din tch: 600 m2
5.2.5.B lng t 1:
-Dng b lng li tm, mt bng dng trn, y b c dc.
-Kch thc: ng knh x cao= D x H=33m x 4,5m
* D2
* 33 2
= 4*
= 3419,6 m2
-Din tch: F= 4 *
4
4
- Vt liu: xy bng b tng ct thp.

5.2.6.B Aeroten:
-B hnh ch nht, gm 4 n nguyn.
-Kch thc mi n nguyn: di x rng x cao=L x B x H=31m x 32m x 4m.
-Din tch: F = 4 * L * B= 4 * 31 * 32= 3968 m2.
-Vt liu: b tong ct thp, bn trong c qut lp chng thm v chng oxy
ha.
n tt nghip
Trang 67
5.2.7.B lng t 2:
-Dng b lng li tm, mt bng dng trn, y c dc.
-Dng 4 b.
-Kch thc mi b: ng knh x cao= 33m x 5,5m
-Din tch: F= 4 *
* D2
* 33 2
= 4*
= 3419,6 m2
4
4
-Vt liu: b tng ct thp, bn trong qut chng thm.

5.2.8.B nn bn:
-Dng b li tm, b mt dng trn.
-Dng 2 b.
-Kch thc mi b: ng knh x cao= D x H= 9,5m x 5 m
-Din tch: F= 2 *
* D2
* 9,5 2
= 2*
= 141,7 m2
4
4
-Vt liu: b tng ct thp, bn trong qut lp chng thm.

5.2.9.B mtan:
-S dng b mtan loi trn ngn c nh.
-Dng 4 b.
- Kch thc mi b: ng knh cao = D H= 17,5 x 14,5
-Din tch: F= 4 *
* D2
* 17,5 2
= 4*
= 961,6 m2
4
4
-Vt liu: b tng ct thp, bn trong qut chng thm.

5.2.10.B tip xc:
-c thit k ging nh b lng nhng khng c thit b gom bn.
-Dng 8 b.
-Kch thc mi b: ng knh x cao= D x H= 10m x 4,5m.
-Din tch: F= 8 *
* D2
* 10 2
= 8*
= 628 m2
4
4
5.2.11.Mng trn:
-Dng mng trn vch ngn c l.
n tt nghip
Trang 68
-Kch thc: di x rng x cao= L x B x H= 18m x 4m x 3m.

-Din tch: F= 18*4= 72 m2
5.2.12.Sn phi bn:
-Sn c trng bng xi mng.
-Gm 11 .
-Kch thc mi : di x rng= L x B= 60m x 50m.
-Tng din tch: F= 42240 m2
5.2.13.Sn phi ct:
-Chn sn phi ct gm 4 .
-Kch thc mi : di x rng= L x B= 22m x 7,5m x 1m
-Tng din tch: F = 660,2 m2.
5.2.14.Nh iu hnh:
-Kch thc: di x rng x cao= 5m x 4m x 4m.
-Din tch: F=5*4=20m2.
-Vt liu: tng xy gch, mi lp tn mu, trn ng la phng, nn lt gch.
5.2.15.Trm kh nn:
-Chn kch thc ca trm: L B H = 25m 22m 4m.
-Din tch: F = L * B = 25 * 22 = 550 m2.
5.2.16.Trm bm bn:
-Kch thc: di x rng x cao= L x B x H= 6m x 4m x 3m
-Din tch: F= L * B= 6*4= 24 m2
5.2.17.H tp trung nc tch t sn phi bn:
-Kch thc: di x rng x cao= L x B x H= 4m x 3,5m x 3m
-Din tch: F= L * B= 4*3,5= 14 m2
5.2.18.H tp trung nc tch t sn phi ct:
-Kch thc: di x rng x cao= L x B x H= 3,5m x 3m x 3m
-Din tch: F= L * B= 3,5*3= 10,5 m2
5.2.19.Nh t my p bn:
n tt nghip
Trang 69
-Din tch: F= L * B= 15*10= 150 m2

5.2.20.Phng ha cht:
-Din tch: F= L * B= 5*5= 25 m2
-Vt liu: tng xy gch, mi lp tn mu, trn ng la phng, nn trng
men.
5.2.21.Nh tm v nh v sinh:
-Din tch: F= L * B= 5*3= 15 m2
5.2.22.Khu nh hnh chnh:
-Din tch: F= L * B= 11*5= 55 m2
-Vt liu: tng xy gch, mi lp tn mu, trn ng la phng, nn lt gch.
5.2.23.Kho cha clo v clorator:

-Kch thc: di x rng x cao= L x B x H= 25,5m x 20m x 4m
-Din tch: F= L * B= 25,5*20= 510 m2
-Vt liu: tng xy gch, mi lp tn mu, trn ng la phng, nn trng
men.
5.3.Din tch khu t xy dng:
Din tch khu t xy dng c tnh theo cng thc:
Fk =
Fxd
K xd
[4, trang 44]
Trong :
Fxd: tng din tch cc cng trnh trong trm, Fxd = 57664 m2
Kxd: h s xy dng. Chn Kxd = 0,42
=> Fk =
57664
= 137295,24 m2.
0,42
Chn khu t c din tch 137300 m2.

Chn khu t c kch thc L B = 418 m 329 m.
n tt nghip
Trang 70
Vy: Fk = 137300 m2
H s s dng :
K sd =
Fsd
* 100%
Fk
[4, trang 44]
Fkd: din tch bn trong hang ro nh my, Fkd = 137300 m2

Fsd = Fxd + Fh rnh + Fgiao thng + Fhnh lang + Fkho bi l thin + ...
= 96110 m2.
K sd =
96110
* 100% = 70% .
137300
n tt nghip
Trang 71
Bng 5.1. Tng kt cc cng trnh xy dng

STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Hng mc
B lng ct
B lm thong s b
B mtan
B lng ly tm t 1
B Aeroten
B lng ly tm t 2
B tip xc clo
B nn bn
Nh t my p bn
Sn phi ct
Nh iu hnh
Mng trn
Sn phi bn
Trm kh nn
Trm bm bn
Nh tm v v sinh
H tp trung nc tch t sn phi ct
Kho ha cht
H tp trung nc tch t sn phi bn
Khu nh hnh chnh
Kho cha clo v clorator
TNG CNG
Kch thc (m)
Din tch
lng
2
1
4
4
4
4
8
2
1
4
1
1
11
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
L B H; D H
18 x 5 x 2
25 x 12 x 3
17,5 x 14,5
33 x 4,5
31 x 32 x 4
33 x 5,5
10 x 4,5
9,5 x 5
15 x 10 x 4
22 x 7,5 x 1
5x4x4
18 x 4 x 3
392 x 108
25 x 22 x 4
6x4x3
5x3x3
3,5 x 3 x 3
5x5x4
4 x 3,5 x 3
11 x 5 x 4
25,5 x 20 x 4
(m2)
180
600
961,6
3419,6
3968
3419,6
628
141,7
150
660
20
72
42240
550
24
15
10,5
25
14
55
510
57664
CHNG 6
VN HNH V KIM TRA H THNG
6.1.Nguyn tc vn hnh:
6.1.1.Cc cng trnh sinh hc:[2]
6.1.1.1.B mtan:
Du, m v cc loi cht ni khc phi c vt thng xuyn khi b thu
du, m. Sau mi ln ng b 4 gi, cn ra b bng nc sch. Lng nc ra b
n tt nghip
Trang 72
thng thng bng 15% dung tch hu ch ca b. M phi c vt ra khi b v

ch li mt lp dy khng qu 1,5cm.
6.1.1.2.B Aeroten:
+ iu kin b lm vic n nh l phi bn hot tnh. Cn kim tra
lng bn trong b so vi ch tiu thit k. Nng bn c xc nh bng ng
lng, phi trn 200ml/l th b mi c th hot ng c.
+ Hm lng oxy ha tan (DO) trong b aeroten phi thng xuyn c m
bo trn 2mg/l.
+ Cc my bm bn v sc kh phi hot ng lin tc, m bo khuy trn
u ton b dung tch b.
* Hin tng bn trng (bn kh lng):
Khi ti trng cht bn tng t ngt, bn hot tnh c th b trng, d to thnh cc
ht nh, ri rc v kh lng. Trong bn xut hin nhiu vi sinh vt hnh si. Khi oxy
khng hoc c cht c trong nc thi, hin tng bn trng cng thng xy
ra. Mt s bin php khc phc bn trng nh sau:
- Tng cng sc kh.
- X bn d.
- Pha long gim ti trng khi lng.
- Tho kit, v sinh v tin hnh khi ng li.
* Bn ni:
Trng hp bn hot tnh trong b aeroten b ni c th do ti lng cht hu c qu
thp dn n qu trnh nitrat ha xy ra. Trong b lng t hai li din ra qu trnh
kh nitrat, km theo vic ni bt kh nit. Mt bn gim xung n mc bn c
th ni ln mt nc v trn ra khi b lng t hai. khc phc hin tng bn
ni, cn gim thi gian sc kh, c ra y v thnh b lng II.
6.1.2.Cc cng trnh khc:
-i vi b lng, thi gian hot ng tng i ngn. Trong thi gian , tin
hnh iu chnh cc b phn c kh, van kha, cc thit b o cng nh cc mng
phn phi lu lng.
n tt nghip
Trang 73
-i vi cc cng trnh lm sch, trong din ra qu trnh sinh ha th giai

on a cng trnh vo hot ng phi tng i di, vi sinh vt pht trin vi
mt lng nht nh. Giai on ny c ngha quan trng v quyt nh n cht
lng nc sau x l nn i hi s lu v hng ngy phi kim tra hiu qu lm
vic ca cng trnh.
6.1.3. Mt s nguyn tc qun l:
6.1.3.1. Ch dn vic qun l b lng:
- Nc thi chy vo b phi c phn b u vo khp tit din ngang ca
b. Nu nc thi phn b khng u th hiu qu lng khng t theo yu cu. Nu
c bn ni bn trn vng lng hoc c bt kh ni ln th chng t y b khng c
ra sch bn cn.
- Cn trong h phi c lm nhuyn cn khng cha lng nc qu ln.
ng thi cn khng c c qu nu khng n s bm dnh vo thnh ng thu.
Cn thng xuyn sc ra ng ng trnh hin tng tc ng.
- Nhng kh khn ny sinh trong qu trnh qun l b lng c th khc phc
bng cc bin php sau y:
+ Do s phn hy cn m trong b c nhiu bt ni th cn phi ly bn ra,
thit b co cn phi hot ng nhiu hn, tho kit bn h thu, khi pht hin bn
dnh thnh h thu th phi dng co p hoc dng dng nc cao p ra.
+ Trng hp nc thi chy ti b lng c mu en v c mi kh chu, v
trong nc thi din ra qu trnh thi ra hoc do khi lng bn thi x t b mtan
chy v b lng qu ln, trong trng hp :
ng b Aeroten ni vi cc h thng thot nc.
Trong nc c cha hm lng cht hu c ln cn c cch lm gim hm lng ca
n xung.
+ Trong trng hp nc thi chy n cng trnh khng iu ha th phi
thay i ch lm vic ca trm bm dn nc thi vo b lng hoc trc b lng
xy dng mt b cha. Ngoi ra phi thc hin mt s bin php khc.
6.1.3.2. Ch dn vic qun l b Aeroten:
n tt nghip
Trang 74
- Chun b bn:
Bn s dng l loi bn xp c cha nhiu vi sinh vt c kh nng oxy ha v
khong ha cc cht hu c c trong nc thi. Ty theo tnh cht v iu kin mi
trng ca nc thi m s dng bn hot tnh cho vo b x l khc nhau.
- Kim tra bn:
Cht lng bn: bng bn phi c kch thc u nhau. Bn tt s c mu
nu. Nu iu kin cho php c th tin hnh kim tra cht lng v thnh phn qun
th vi sinh vt ca b nh ly bn s dng trc khi ly bn l 2 ngy.
- Vn hnh:
Qu trnh phn hy hiu kh v thi gian thch nghi ca cc vi sinh vt din ra
trong b Aeroten thng din ra rt nhanh, do thi gian khi ng b rt ngn.
Cc bc tin hnh nh sau:
+ Kim tra h thng nn kh, cc van cung cp kh.
+ Cho bn hot tnh vo b.
Trong qu trnh vn hnh cn phi theo di cc thng s pH, nhit , nng
COD, BOD v cn c s kt hp quan st cc thng s vt l nh mu, mi,
c, lp bt trong b cng nh dng chy kp thi khc phc s c.
Ch : Phi m bo vic cung cp lng oxy cho b.
6.1.4.Nguyn nhn v bin php khc phc s c trong vn hnh h thng:
Nhim v ca trm x l nc thi l bo m x nc thi sau khi x l vo
ngun tip nhn t tiu chun quy nh mt cch n nh. Tuy nhin trong thc t,
do nhiu nguyn nhn khc nhau c th dn ti s ph hy ch hot ng bnh
thng ca cc cng trnh x l nc thi, nht l cc cng trnh x l sinh hc, t
dn n hiu qu x l thp, khng t yu cu u ra.
Nhng nguyn nhn ch yu ph hy ch lm vic bnh thng ca trm
x l nc thi:
- Lng nc thi t xut chy vo qu ln hoc c nng cc cht vt
qu tiu chun thit k.
- Ngun cung cp in b ngt.
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- L lt ton b hoc mt vi cng trnh.

- Ti thi hn khng kp thi sa cha i tu cc cng trnh, thit b c in
v ng ng.
- Cng nhn k thut v qun l khng tun theo cc quy tc qun l k thut.
Qu ti c th do vic phn phi nc v bn khng ng v khng u gia
cc cng trnh hoc do mt b phn cc cng trnh phi ngng li i tu hoc sa
cha bt thng. Do phi c ti liu hng dn v s cng ngh ca ton b
trm x l v cu to ca tng cng trnh. Ngoi cc s liu v k thut cn phi ch
r lu lng thc t v lu lng thit k ca cc cng trnh. nh r lu lng
thc t cn phi c s tham gia ch o ca cc cn b chuyn ngnh.
Khi xc nh lu lng ca ton b cc cng trnh phi k n trng thi lm
vic tng cng. Phi bo m khi c mt cng trnh sa cha th s cn li phi lm
vic vi lu lng trong gii hn cho php v nc thi phi phn phi u gia
chng.
Khi cc cng trnh b qu ti mt cch thng xuyn do tng lu lng v
nng nc thi phi bo ln c quan cp trn v cc c quan thanh tra v sinh
hoc ngh m rng hoc nh ra ch lm vic mi cho cng trnh. Trong khi
ch i, c th ra ch qun l tm thi cho n khi m rng hoc c bin php
mi gim ti trng i vi trm x l.
trnh b ngt ngun in, trm x l nn dng hai ngun in c lp.
Cng tc bo tr thit b, ng ng cn c tin hnh thng xuyn m
bo h thng x l hot ng tt.
6.2.Kim tra h thng:
Cng tc kim tra v bo tr thit b, ng ng cn c tin hnh thng
xuyn m bo h thng x l hot ng tt, khng c nhng s c xy ra.
Cc cng tc bo tr h thng bao gm :
H thng ng ng.
Thng xuyn kim tra cc ng ng trong h thng x l, nu c r r hoc
tc nghn cn c bin php x l kp thi.
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Cc thit b.
My bm :
Hng ngy vn hnh my bm nn kim tra bm c y nc ln c hay
khng. Khi my bm hot ng nhng khng ln nc cn kim tra ln lt cc
nguyn nhn sau:
+ Ngun in cung cp c bnh thng khng.
+ Cnh bm c b chn bi cc vt l khng.
+ ng c bm c b chy hay khng.
Khi bm pht ra ting ku l cng cn ngng bm ngay lp tc v tm cc
nguyn nhn khc phc s c trn. Cn sa cha bm theo tng trng hp c
th.
ng c khuy trn.
Kim tra thng xuyn hot ng ca cc ng c khuy trn.
nh k 6 thng kim tra bi v thay th dy cua-roa.
Cc thit b khc.
nh k 3 thng v sinh sc ra cc thit b, trnh tnh trng ng cn trn
thnh thit b (bng cch cho nc sch trong cc thit b trong thi gian t 30 - 60
pht). c bit ch xi nc mnh vo cc tm lng trnh tnh trng bm cn trn
b mt cc tm lng.
My thi kh cn thay nht nh k 6 thng 1 ln.
Mt trc quay, cc thit b lin quan n xch ko nh k tra du m 1 thng
1 ln.
Rulo bnh my p bn nh k tra du m 1 thng 1 ln.
Ton b h thng s c bo dng sau 1 nm hot ng .
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CHNG 7
AN TON LAO NG
Cn phi ch trng vn an ton lao ng gim n mc thp nht nhng
thit hi v ngi v ti sn. Gm:
-An ton v con ngi.
-An ton v my mc thit b.
-An ton v cht lng nc thi.
Nhng tai nn xy ra trong qu trnh vn hnh trm do nhiu nguyn nhn:
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- Do khng c hoc hng cc b phn che chn, cc hnh lang cng tc khng
m bo.
- Do li k thut ca my mc, ng c trong qu trnh ch to dn n s c
bt ng trong qu trnh vn hnh.
- Do trnh thao tc, kh nng nm vng k thut qun l ca ngi cng
nhn khng p ng c i hi ca cng trnh.
- Do tip xc trc tip vi ngun nc thi, vi ho cht s dng trong trm
x l
K thut an ton v bo h lao ng cho ngi cng nhn:
-Nc thi v cc cht bn trong nc thi l mi e do nghim trng i vi
sc kho ca ngi cng nhn lm vic trn cng trnh lm sch. Qua nc thi c
th lan truyn cc bnh nh thng hn, cc bnh ng rut, vng da, un vn
-Khi cng nhn mi vo lm vic phi c bit lu cho h v vn an ton
lao ng. Phi hng dn cho h v cu to, chc nng ca cc cng trnh, k thut
qun l v an ton, hng dn s dng cc my mc v thit b
- khc phc trit cc tai nn lao ng xy ra mi khu x l cn phi
treo bng ch dn vn hnh thao tc r rng v chi tit cc s c xy ra v bin php
khc phc. Nn thng xuyn tng kt, rt kinh nghim hn ch nhng s c,
kim im nhng hnh vi khng ng lc vn hnh.
-Mi cng nhn phi c trang b qun o, cc phng tin bo h lao ng
khc v nghim chnh chp hnh cc qui nh v an ton lao ng.
-Khi c s c xy ra phi c bin php s cu kp thi.
-Cc cng vic lin quan n clo nc v clorua vi phi c hng dn v quy
tc c bit.
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KT LUN
X l nc thi l mt nhim v c bn trong cng tc bo v mi trng, n
c ngha ht sc to ln nhm gi gn cht lng ngun nc phc v lu di v bn
vng cho nhu cu pht trin kinh t v x hi. Tuy nhin thit k mt h thng x
l nc thi khng phi l mt vic d dng, n i hi phi qua mt qu trnh kho
st v phn tch lu di c c nhng s liu chnh xc. Vi tnh cht gi nh
ca n th ti chn phng n v cc thng s c kho st trc thng
qua ti liu tham kho n nay ti hon thnh xong n tt nghip vi ti:
Thit k h thng x l nc thi khu th 330.000 dn vi yu cu cht
lng nc thi sau x l t loi A (TCVN).
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Thng qua qu trnh hon thnh n ny, ti c c hi tm hiu v nm bt

nhng kin thc v vn x l nc thi. T hiu c cc phng php x l
cng nguyn tc thit k mt h thng x l nc thi.
Vic da vo thnh phn ha hc v sinh hc ban u ca nc thi vo xy
dng mt quy trnh cng ngh thch hp nhm m bo cc tiu chun ra ca
nc thi sau khi x l l yu cu rt cn thit i vi tt c cc khu cng nghip ni
chung v nh my ni ring cng nh cc khu th nhm bo v sc khe cho con
ngi.
Tuy nhin, y l ln u tin ti i su vo ti thit k h thng x l nc
thi. Do kin thc v ti liu tham kho cn nhiu hn ch nn sai st l iu khng
th trnh khi. Rt mong c s gp ca qu thy c v cc bn.
Ti xin chn thnh cm n.
Nng, ngy 24 thng 5 nm 2009
Sinh vin thc hin:
Nguyn nh Thin n
TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Trn c H(2006), X l nc thi th, NXB Khoa Hc V K Thut.
2. Lng c Phm(2003), Cng ngh x l nc thi bng bin php sinh hc,
NXB Gio Dc.
3. Lm Minh Trit, Nguyn Thanh Hng, Nguyn Phc Dn (2004), X l nc
thi th v cng nghip - Tnh ton thit k cng trnh, NXB i hc Quc
Gia, TP H Ch Minh.
4. Trn Th Truyn (2006). C s thit k nh my, Khoa Ha, i hc Bch
Khoa Nng.
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5. Trn Xoa, Nguyn Trng Khun, H L Vin (2004), S tay qu trnh v thit
b cng ngh ha cht, NXB Khoa Hc K Thut H Ni.
6. http://www.danang.gov.vn

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GVHD:Th.S Trn Th Truyn

Thit k h thng x l nc thi th

SVTH: Nguyn nh Thin n

GVHD:Th.S Trn Th Truyn

Thit k h thng x l nc thi th

SVTH: Nguyn nh Thin n

GVHD:Th.S Trn Th Truyn

Lng ma trung bnh hng nm l 2.504,57 mm/nm; lng ma cao nht

Thit k h thng x l nc thi th

SVTH: Nguyn nh Thin n

GVHD:Th.S Trn Th Truyn

1.3.1.Gii thiu chung v qun Cm L:

Thit k h thng x l nc thi th

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hnh chnh, thng mi, dch v ca thnh ph, tp trung ng dn c v cc c

Thit k h thng x l nc thi th

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S sng tn ti c trn tri t l nh nc. Nc tham gia vo thnh phn

Thit k h thng x l nc thi th

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+L nguyn nhn ca tnh trng thiu nc sch, nh hng lu di n th h

Thit k h thng x l nc thi th

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Cc vi sinh vt gy bnh cho ngi, ng vt, thc vt ch yu l vi khun v

Thit k h thng x l nc thi th

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Phng php ny nhm loi cc tp cht dng huyn ph th ra khi nc.

Thit k h thng x l nc thi th

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-Phng php hp ph:

C s ca phng php l da trn hot ng sng ca vi sinh vt, ch yu l

Thit k h thng x l nc thi th

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- Cc cng trnh x l sinh hc trong iu kin t nhin: cnh ng ti, bi

Thit k h thng x l nc thi th

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din ra qu trnh phn gii ym kh cc hp cht hu c to thnh cc cht n gin

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sinh sn v pht trin, hnh thnh cc ht cn bng. Cc ht ny to dn v l lng

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Mng sinh hc l tp th cc vi sinh vt hiu kh, k kh, tu tin. Cc vi khun

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Thit k h thng x l nc thi th

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Thit k h thng x l nc thi th

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