Khuch i s dng BJT

Nguyn Quc Cng 3I

Phn cc cho BJT

cho BJT c th hot ng ch khuch i, th cn: Thit lp cc phn cc
VBE phn cc thun VBC phn cc ngc

Cc tn hiu ac s c khuch i trn nn tn hiu dc

Nhc li m hnh Ebers-Moll

M hnh Ebers-Moll ca npn transistor

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Ta rt ra quan h:

vi

Ch tch cc thun
Trong ch tch cc thun, vBE dng trong khong 0.6 n 0.8V cn vBC m. Ta c th b qua thnh phn Ta c

Thng cc thnh phn IS c th b qua, ta s c

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Bng tng kt quan h dng in trong ch tch cc thun

npn

pnp

Phn cc s dng ngun cung cp n du

Kiu phn cc n gin s dng mt ngun n du: (a) mch; (b) mch tng ng s dng nh l Thevenin

 Ta c cho dng in IE t chu nh hng ca s thay i ca nhit (dn n s thay i ca VBE )v ca h s th ta chn

Cu hi: 1. Cn chn VBB trong no ? 2. Nu chn RB nh th s c nh hng g n tr khng vo ca mch khuch i ?

 VBB: cho in p ngun cung cp l VCC

VBB s ln nht = VCC v nh nht l bng VCC-ICRC-VCB Chng ta cng mun ICRC l ln khong thay i tn hiu ca VC l ln trc khi m BJT chuyn qua trng thi cutoff Chng ta cng mun VCB (cng c ngha l VCE) ln khong thay i tn hiu ca VC l ln trc khi BJT chuyn qua trng thi bo ha. Hai iu kin sau s hn ch chn VBB ln. C th chn VBB = VCB = ICRC = 1/3VCC

R B:
Nu chn RB nh s dn n tr khng vo ca mch khuch i nh. iu ny khng mong mun khi m mt b khuch i cn tr khng vo ln, tr khng ra nh ( d ghp tng cc b khuch i).

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Phn cc s dng in tr phn hi t C n B

(a)mch phn cc s dng in tr phn hi (b)mch phn tch

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cho dng IE t chu nh hng ca nhit v ca s thay i ca cn chn

Vic chn gi tr ca R_B ph thuc vo iu kin khong in p thay i ca V_C

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Phn cc s dng ngun dng

(a) mch phn cc s dng ngun dng
u im: dng IE khng ph thuc RB v do in tr RB c th ln tng tr khng vo ca mch m khng nh hng n tnh n nh ca mch

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(b) mch ng dng thc t

Gi thit Q1 v Q2 c cc c tnh ging nhau.

Q1 v Q2 c cng in p VBE do IC1 = IC2 Nu h s ln ta c th b qua dng IB do I = IC1 = IC2 IREF

Mch Q1 v Q2 c bit nh l mch gng dng (current mirror)

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M hnh vi tn hiu nh

(a) mch nguyn l m t hot ng ca BJT trong ch khuch i tn hiu nh. (b) mch (a) vi ngun vbe c loi b phn tch dc

Tip gip BE phn cc thun nh ngun VBE Tip gip CE phn cc ngc nh ngun VCC ni qua in tr RC in p cn khuch i vbe l xp chng vi VBE
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Dng collector
Ch phn cc, vbe = 0, khi

Khi thit lp vbe, th in th vBE bng Nh vy dng collector s bng

Nu vbe << vT th chng ta c th tnh gn ng

xp x tn hiu nh
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( xp x chnh xc gi tr vbe khng vt qu 10mV)

Ta c th vit dng iC c 2 thnh phn: dng dc, IC dng ic

h dn

Mt cch chnh xc

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ch ng vi iu kin tn hiu nh
Hot ng tuyn tnh ca transistor di iu kin tn hiu nh: Mt tn hiu nh vbe vi dng sng tam gic c xp chng trn in p dc VBE. iu ny cng dn n mt dng ic thay i theo dng sng tam gic xp chng ln dng dc IC. y, ic = gm vbe vi gm l dc ca ng iC-vBE ti im phn cc Q

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Dng base v in tr vo ti base

C:

Ta c th vit: vi
Thay biu thc gm ta c Ta c in tr base-emitter nhn t cc base, r

hay
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Dng v in tr vo emitter
Dng emitter iE

Ta c th vit vi in tr vo i vi tn hiu nh ti emitter, r_e , c tnh thay gi tr ie ta c

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Ta c quan h gia re v r

Hay

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H s khuch i in p
Chng ta c c th coi nh mch ngun dng iu khin bng in p c u ra in p, dng iC c chy qua mt in tr RC Ta c vi VC l in p phn cc dc

Ta c

H s khuch i

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Phn tch tn hiu v cc thnh phn dc

Nh ch ra in p v dng in trong BJT l tng hp ca hai thnh phn

Thnh phn dc c xc nh t ch phn cc. Nh vy xem xt hot ng ca tn hiu (thnh phn tn hiu nh) trong BJT, ta c th p dng quy tc: 1) Cc ngun p dc s c coi l ngn mch 2) Cc ngun dng dc s coi nh h mch

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Ch , vic thay th ny ch p dng xem xt s thay i ca cc dng in v in p tn hiu qua BJT. N khng phi l mt mch khuch i thc (tc l mch khng th hot ng nu khng c mch phn cc dc)
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M hnh hybrid-

Hai m hnh khc nhau ca m hnh hybrid-\pi cho hot ng tn hiu nh ca BJT. Mch tng ng (a) th hin BJT nh l mt ngun dng c iu khin bng in p Mch tng ng (b) th hin BJT nh mt ngun dng iu khin bng dng in

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 M hnh (a):

M hnh (b)

Ch : Cc tham s ca cc m hnh trn c a ra ti mt im phn cc. Th hin l c gi tr gm, r ph thuc vo dng in IC phn cc

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M hnh T

Hai kiu khc nhau ca m hnh T ca BJT. (a) M hnh ngun dng iu khin bng in p. (b) M hnh ngun dng iu khin bng dng in. Hai m hnh ny th hin thng qua in tr re hn l in tr r nh trong m hnh hybrid-
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M hnh (a)

M hnh (b)

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Cc bc tin hnh phn tch mch khuch i tn hiu nh s dng BJT 1. Xc nh im lm vic tnh ca BJT bao gm dng in phn cc IC 2. Tnh cc gi tr cc tham s ca m hnh tn hiu nh: gm = IC/VT, r = /gm v re=VT/IE 1/gm 3. Loi b cc ngun dc: ngun p th ngn mch cn ngun dng th h mch. 4. Thay th BJT vi mt trong cc m hnh tng ng tnh hiu nh. Ty thuc vo cc mch c th vic s dng cc mch tng ng ph hp s thun tin cho vic phn tch mch. 5. Phn tch mch v tnh cc gi tr yu cu (h s khuch i in p, in tr vo)
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V d
Xc nh h s khuch i in p ca mch BJT cho trn hnh v, gi thit \beta = 100

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VC > VB ( 0.7V) BJT hot ng ch tch cc thun

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in p u ra

H s khuch i in p

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M hnh tn hiu nh ca BJT c tnh n hiu ng Early

Hiu ng Early: gi tr dng in iC ph thuc khng ch vo in ap vBE m cn ph thuc vo in p vCE. tnh n nh hng ca hiu ng Early, mt in tr u ra,ro, c thm vo ngun dng c iu khin.

Vi VA l in p Early, IC l dng phn cc collector

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M hnh tn hiu nh hybrid ca BJT c tnh n hiu ng Early. Ch , y chng ta thay rbe bng r cho ph hp vi mt s k hiu thng c s dng trong cc sch.

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M hnh tn hiu nh T ca BJT c tnh n hiu ng Early.

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Khuch i s dng BJT

Trc khi xem xt cc mch khuch i mt tng s dng BJT, chng ta s nh ngha cc thng c trng ca mt mch khuch i thc

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Cc thng s

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Cc mch tng ng
Vi cc thng s nh ngha nh trn, mt mch khuch i c th biu din di dng cc mch tng ng sau:

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Cc quan h

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Mch khuch i E chung

Mch CE (Common-Emitter) l mch s dng nhiu nht trong tt c cc mch khuch i s dng BJT

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 Mch CE s dng ngun dng phn cc. to mt im t cho tn hiu tai E, mt t CE c s dng gi thit l ngn mch i vi cc tn s tn hiu, v h mch vi tn hiu dc. T CE c gi l t bypass. (thng c chn t vi F n vi chc F).

ngn cch thnh phn dc gia mch khuch i v ngun tn hiu, t CC1 c s dng. T CC1 s ch cho tn hiu xoay chiu ca ngun i qua, v chn tn hiu dc. T CC1 c gi l t coupling, t ghp tng u vo.
Tn hiu ti collector c vi ti RL thng qua t CC2. T ny c tc dng ngn thnh phn dc v ch cho thnh phn tn hiu i qua. Nh vy in p vc = vo.

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Mch tng ng

Ti u vo

vi rib l in tr vo ca base
Khi m E ni t (qua t bypass) th Nu chng ta chn RB >> r th
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h s khuch i p
in p t vo u input ca b khuch i l

Vi Ta c
h s khuch i t base n collector

Nu h ti RL = 1 th Hiu ng Early, r_o, lm gim h s khuch i ca mch. Nu r_o >> R_C th

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in tr ra ca mch: xc nh in tr ra, ngn mch ngun tn hiu vsig, v = 0. Khi

Nu ro >> RC th ta c Rout = RC H s khuch i in p t ngun n ti, Gv l

Nu RB >> r th
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 Nu Rsig >> r th h s khuch i ph thuc nhiu vo , iu ny l c tnh khng mong mun khi m h s ca BJT thay i trong mt phm vi ln gia cc BJT cng loi. Nu Rsig << r th ta c

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h s khuch i dng ngn mch

Khi ngn mch u ra, RL = 0, th dng in ra M ta li c

Ta c Rin= RB || r. Nu RB >> r th Ais =

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khuch i CE
Mch khuch i CE c cc c tnh:
C th cung cp h s khuch i dng, v khuch i p ln.
in tr vo nh, in tr ra ln (cc c tnh ny thng khng mong mun cho mt mch khuch i)

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Khuch i base chung

Tn hiu input t vo ti cc E. Tn hiu output ly ra ti cc C. Cc t CC1 v CC2 l cc t coupling

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Mch tng ng

y chng ta s dng m hnh tng ng tn hiu nh kiu T. cho n gin trong phn tch hot ng ca mch khuch i B chung, m hnh T s dng y khng c ro (trong thc t mch B chung s dng cc phn t ri th nh hng ca ro l khng ng k).
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h s khuch i p, dng
in tr vo:

in p ra vo
Vi dng in ie

H s k
H s k h mch, RL = 1 in tr ra ca mch

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h s khuch i dng
in p t vo k H s k t ngun n ti

H s k dng ngn mch

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Khuch i CB
Mch CB c c tnh:

1. in tr vo thp (re c vi ohm n vi chc ohm), in tr ra ln (RC)

2. H s khuch i dng ngn mch gn 1 (bng ).

3. H s k in p h mch bng gmRC (tng t mch CE)

Mch CB thng c s dng lm mch m dng (current buffer): dng tn hiu ti u vo vi in tr thp c chuyn thnh dng in c in tr ra cao ti collector.

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Mch C chung

Tn hiu input t vo B Tn hiu output ly ra ti E C cc t coupling CC1 v CC2

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Mch tng ng tn hiu nh

S dng m hnh tng ng tn hiu nh T vi ro ( y vic c in tr ro khng lm phc tp mch v ro c ni song song vi ti) (b) s tng ng tn hiu nh (c) s tng ng tn hiu nh c v li vi ro || RL

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h s k, in tr in-out
in tr vo t base: in tr vo H s k p t ngun n ti R vo ph thuc vo RL

h s nh hn 1.
Nu v

th h s Gv 1. Nh vy in p ra ti emitter gn bng in p vo chnh v th mch c tn lp emitter, emitter follower

H s k khng ti, RL = 1
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in tr ra ca mch k Thng th in tr r_o ln, do

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S tng ng s dng tnh Gv v vo khi c ti RL

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khuch i CC
Mch k C chung c mt s tnh cht sau: 1. in tr vo ln, in tr ra nh. Tnh cht ny c s dng lm cc mch m u ra. 2. H s khuch i p gn 1 3. H s khuch i dng ln 4. V in p gia output v input ch sai khc bi thnh phn in p trn B v E, do mch cho php lm vic vi mt gii rng bin tn hiu u vo.

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