1

2

3

Mt trc giao
d
1

d
2

Phng trnh sng
ti thi im t:
u
1
= u
np
= a.cost
(pha ban u:
0
= 0)
u
2
= a.cos(t t
1
)
10h
1 pht
9h59
u
3
= a.cos(t t
2
)

1

2

3

Mt trc giao
d
1

d
2

Phng trnh sng
ti thi im t:
u
2
= a.cos(t t
1
)
u
3
= a.cos(t t
2
)
L
1

L
2

u
2
= a.cos(t L
1
/c)
u
3
= a.cos(t L
2
/c)
= a.cos
1

= a.cos
2

bi ging trong lp mnh
ghi l v, cc bn vui lng
sa li l c mi chnh xc.

1

2

3

Mt trc giao
d
1

d
2

lch pha: =
1

2
= (t L
1
/v) (t L
2
/v)
= /v.(L
2
L
1
)
L
1

L
2

= /v. L
= 2f
v = .f
= L
2

Mn
2 ngun kt hp
L
1

L
2

I
O
2

O
1

HIN TNG GIAO THOA NH SNG
KHE YOUNG
GNG FRESNEL
GNG LLOYD
Thc t: O
1
O
2
<< L
1
,
L
2

L

2
=
HIN TNG GIAO THOA NH SNG
Thc t: O
1
O
2
<< L
1
,
L
2

Xem nh: O
2
I // O
1
I
Phng trnh sng ca O
1
ti I:
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
.
|

\
|
=
1 1
1
1 1
L

2
t cos a
v
L
t cos a u
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
.
|

\
|
=
2 2
2
2 2
L

2
t cos a
v
L
t cos a u
Phng trnh sng ca O
2
ti I:
lch pha: lch pha:
Mn
L
1

I
O
2

O
1

2 ngun kt hp
L

2
=
HIN TNG GIAO THOA NH SNG
O
2

O
1
I
I
O
2

I
I
O
1

O
2

I
I
O
1

O
2

I
I
O
1

L bt k:
a
I
# 0
L = k: 2 sng cng pha
a
I
= a
max

k
(k + )
(k + )
L = (k + ): 2 sng
ngc pha a
I
= a
min

L = (k + ): 2 sng
ngc pha a
I
= 0
J
I
lch pha:
J
I
J
I
L = k (s nguyn ln bc sng)
= 2k: cho giao thoa cc i
L = (k + ) (s bn nguyn ln b.s)
= (2k + 1): cho g. thoa cc tiu
(k l s nguyn dng)
i vi giao thoa khe Young v gng
Fresnel
CT y bi ging
trong lp cha c
chnh xc, cc bn
thng cm sa li.
L

2
=
HIN TNG GIAO THOA NH SNG
lch pha:
L = k (s nguyn ln bc sng)
= 2k: cho giao thoa cc tiu
L = (k + ) (s bn nguyn ln bs)
= (2k + 1): cho giao thoa cc
i
(k l s nguyn dng)
i vi giao thoa gng
Lloyd
V tr l vn sng (theo LT)
th li l vn ti v ngc li
GNG LLOYD
S phn x trn mt gng lm
thay i pha dao ng 1 lng l

Phn x trn mt phn
cch
Phn x t mt chit sut thp cao:
Quang l tia p.x: L + /2


Phn x t mt chit sut cao thp:
Quang l tia p.x: L gi nguyn


n
1

n
2

n
1
< n
2

n
1
> n
2

n
1

n
2

CT y bi ging
trong lp cha c
chnh xc, cc bn
thng cm sa li.
Bi ging trong lp
thut ng s dng
cha c chnh xc,
cc bn thng cm
sa li. Thay Hiu
quang l thnh
Quang l tia phn
x..
CC DNG BI TP
Trn mt bn thy tinh phng (chit sut n = 1,5), ngi ta ph mt lp mng
mng c chit sut n = 1,4. Mt chm tia sng song song, bc sng = 0,6m
c chiu gn thng gc vi mt bn. Tnh b dy ca mng mng bit rng do
hin tng giao thoa chm tia phn x c cng sng cc tiu
Trn mt bn thy tinh phng (chit sut n = 1,5), ngi ta ph mt lp mng
mng c chit sut n = 1,4. Mt chm tia sng song song, bc sng = 0,6m
c chiu gn thng gc vi mt bn. Tnh b dy ca mng mng bit rng do
hin tng giao thoa chm tia phn x c cng sng cc tiu
Trn mt bn thy tinh phng (chit sut n = 1,5), ngi ta ph mt lp mng
mng c chit sut n = 1,4. Mt chm tia sng song song, bc sng = 0,6m
c chiu gn thng gc vi mt bn. Tnh b dy ca mng mng bit rng do
hin tng giao thoa chm tia phn x c cng sng cc tiu
Trn mt bn thy tinh phng (chit sut n = 1,5), ngi ta ph mt lp mng
mng c chit sut n = 1,4. Mt chm tia sng song song, bc sng = 0,6m
c chiu gn thng gc vi mt bn. Tnh b dy ca mng mng bit rng do
hin tng giao thoa chm tia phn x c cng sng cc tiu
Trn mt bn thy tinh phng (chit sut n = 1,5), ngi ta ph mt lp mng
mng c chit sut n = 1,4. Mt chm tia sng song song, bc sng = 0,6m
c chiu gn thng gc vi mt bn. Tnh b dy ca mng mng bit rng do
hin tng giao thoa chm tia phn x c cng sng cc tiu
Trn mt bn thy tinh phng (chit sut n = 1,5), ngi ta ph mt lp mng
mng c chit sut n = 1,4. Mt chm tia sng song song, bc sng = 0,6m
c chiu gn thng gc vi mt bn. Tnh b dy ca mng mng bit rng do
hin tng giao thoa chm tia phn x c cng sng cc tiu
S
I
N
d
n
0
= 1
n = 1,4
n = 1,5
Xt phn x ti
I:
Quang l ca cc chm
tia:
L
1
= S
SIS
+ /2 (phn x ti I t n
thp

n n
cao
)
Xt phn x ti
N:
= n
0
.SI + n
0
.IS + /2 = SIS +
/2
L
2
= n
0
.SI + n.IN + n.NI + /2
+ n
0
.IS
(px ti N t n
thp

n
cao
)
= n
0
.SI + n.d + n.d + n
0
.IS +
/2
= n
0
.SI + 2n.d + n
0
.IS + /2 = SIS + 2nd
+ /2
Hiu quang
l:
L = L
2
L
1
= 2n.d
Hai tia phn x ti I v ti N s giao thoa
vi nhau.
chm tia phn x c cng sng
cc tiu:
L = (k + ). 2n.d = (k + ).
d
=
(k + )
2n
(Nu bi hi tm b dy nh nht th cho k = 0, th
s tnh:)
S: d = (2k +
1).0,11m
d
min
= 0,11m


Hiu quang l L cc
bn ly quang l di
tr quang l ngn,
khng cn du gi
tr tuyt i nh bi
ging trong lp. Cc
bn chnh li ch ny.
Trn mt bn thy tinh phng (chit sut n = 1,4), ngi ta ph mt lp mng
mng c chit sut n = 1,5. Mt chm tia sng song song, bc sng = 0,6m
c chiu gn thng gc vi mt bn. Tnh b dy nh nht ca mng mng
bit rng do hin tng giao thoa chm tia phn x c cng sng cc i.
S
I
N
d
min
= ?
n
0
= 1
n = 1,5
n = 1,4
Xt phn x ti
I:
Quang l ca cc chm
tia:
L
1
= S
SIS
+ /2 (phn x ti I t n
thp

n n
cao
)
Xt phn x ti
N:
= n
0
.SI + n
0
.IS +
/2
L
2
= n
0
.SI + n.IN + n.NI +
n
0
.IS
= n
0
.SI + n.d + n.d +
n
0
.IS
= n
0
.SI + 2n.d +
n
0
.IS
Hiu quang
l:
L = L
1
L
2
= 2n.d - /2
Hai tia phn x ti I v ti N s giao thoa
vi nhau.
chm tia phn x c cng sng
cc i
L = k. 2n.d - /2 = k .
d
min
=
/4n
S: d
min
=
0,11m


(px ti N t n
cap

n
thp
)
Mt chm nh sng trng c chiu vung gc
xung mt bn thy tinh mng mt song song dy e
= 0,4 m, chit sut n = 1,5. Hi trong phm vi
quang ph thy c ca chm nh sng trng
(bc sng t 0,4 m n 0,7 m), nhng chm tia
phn chiu no s c tng cng?
Bi 1.15 tr 23 Sch LDB
S
I
N
e
n
0
= 1
n = 1,5
n
0
= 1
Quang l ca cc chm
tia:
Xt phn x ti
I:
L
1
= S
SIS
+ /2 (phn x ti I t n
thp

n n
cao
)
= n
0
.SI + n
0
.IS + /2 = SIS +
/2
Xt phn x ti
N:
L
2
= n
0
.SI + n.IN + n.NI +
n
0
.IS
(phn x ti N t n
cao
n
n
thp
)
= SIS + 2ne
Hiu quang
l:
L = L
2
L
1
= 2n.e - /2
V chm sng giao thoa c th thy
c:
L = k.
2n.e - /2 = k.

=
4ne
2k + 1
V quang ph l chm nh sng
trng:
0,4 0,7
4ne
2k + 1
0,4
0,7
1,2 k
2,5
V k l s nguyn k = 2
Chm tia c tng cng c bc
sng:
S: = 4ne/5 =
= 0,48m