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Ngun gc thut ng El nino

Thut ng El nino (ting Ty Ban Nha ngha l "Cha hi ng" hay "a b trai") c bt u s dng bi cc ng dn dc b bin Ecuador v Peru ch hin tng mt dng hi lu m xut hin khong Ging sinh v ko di khong vi thng. Trong khong thi gian ny c t i, do cc ng dn thng nh sa cha cc ng c. Trong mt s chu k El nino, hin tng dng hi lu m ny lm gin on ma nh c n tn thng 5 hoc thng 6 nm sau. Tri qua nhiu nm, thut ng El nino c s dng ch hin tng dng hi lu m v cc nh hng ca n khng ch i vi cc ng dn Ecuador, Peru m cn i vi cc ngnh ngh khc nhau trn ton th gii. El nino l g? Theo mt nh ngha n gin nht El nino l hin tng ph v iu kin bnh thng ca h thng i dng - kh quyn khu vc nhit i Thi Bnh Dng gy nn nhng nh hng n thi tit trn qui m ton cu. Hay theo mt nh ngha khc El nino l hin tng vng bin khu vc nhit i Thi Bnh Dng m ln mt cch bt thng. La nina l g? La nina theo ting Ty Ban Nha ngha l "a b gi", ngay t tn gi ny chng ta c th hiu c La nina l hin tng nghch o ca El nino. La nina l hin tng vng bin khu vc nhit i Thi Bnh Dng lnh i mt cch bt thng. La nina cn c gi l El Viejo hay Anti - El nino. Nguyn nhn sinh ra El nino? El nino l kt qu ca s tng tc ca b mt bin khu vc nhit i Thi Bnh Dng vi lp kh quyn ngay bn trn n. y l hin tng xy ra do ni lc gia hai cc i dng - kh quyn. Chiu rng ca Thi Bnh Dng cng l mt

trong nhng nguyn nhn sinh ra hin tng El nino. Cc tng tc bn ngoi nh hot ng ca ni la (trn t lin hay di i dng), chu k vt en mt tri u khng c lin h g vi hin tng El nino. hiu r thm v hin tng El nino, La nina chng ta hy xem xt cc din bin khu vc nhit i Thi Bnh Dng iu kin bnh thng v khi xy ra cc hin tng ny. Trong iu kin bnh thng gi mu dch (trade-wind) thi t ng sang Ty v dn dng nc nng li pha Ty Thi Bnh Dng. Do mc nc bin Indonesia cao hn mc nc bin Ecuador khong 0,5 m. Nhit b mt bin pha Ty cao hn pha ng khong 8oC. Nam M b mt phn cch gia lp nc m bn trn v lp nc lnh bn di khng su lm, to iu kin cho nc lnh t bn di lp nc mt ni ln b mt. Nc lnh ny cha nhiu cht dinh dng, thc y s pht trin ca cc sinh vt sn xut s cp, lm cho h sinh thi bin a dng hn v sn lng c nh bt c tng. Trong khong thi gian ny v lng tng khu vc bin m (Ty Thi Bnh Dng) v gim khu vc ng Thi Bnh Dng. Khi hin tng El nino, gi mu dch yu dn khu trung tm v ng Thi Bnh Dng. Dng nc nng lan dn t b Ty Thi Bnh Dng v b ng Thi Bnh Dng. Qu trnh ny lm cho b mt phn cch lp nc nng pha trn v lp nc lnh pha di h xung su hn, do kim hm s ni ln ca lp nc lnh, lm cho khu vc pha ng t i sinh vt sn xut v c. V lng cng tng theo chiu di chuyn ca dng nc nng gy l lt Peru v kh hn Indonesia v c. Chu k ca El nino El nino thng din ra khng u n, nhng nm trong mt chu k t 2-7 nm. Mi t El nio c cng v bin thi gian khc nhau. Cc nh hng ca El nino ln kh hu ton cu c bo co bi cc nc khc nhau c lu tr ti Trung Tm Thng Tin.

El Nino l hin tng tri ngc vi La Nina (ting Ty Ban Nha: El Nio v La Nia), l mt trong nhng hin tng thi tit bt thng gy thm ha cho con ngi t hn 5000 nm nay. Ngy nay, hin tng El Nino xut hin thng xuyn hn v sc tn ph ca n cng mnh lit hn.Mc lc [giu] 1 Tn gi 2 Tc ng 3 Nguyn nhn 4 i ph 5 Li ch ca El Nino 6 Lin kt khc

Tn gi El Nio trong ting Ty Ban Nha c ngha l "a tr", ch n Cha hi ng. C trung bnh 4-6 nm, ng dn vng bin ti Peru pht hin ra nc bin m dn ln vo ma ng, khong vi tun trc L Ging Sinh. y chnh l mt nghch l, nhng n vn tn ti c chu k v ko theo hin tng hi nc bin bc ln nhiu hn, to ra nhng cn ma nh thc . V ng dn gi hin tng ny l El Nio nh du thi im xut pht ca n l gn Ging Sinh. Trong kh tng hc ngi ta cn gi hin tng El Nino l Dao ng phng Nam (Southern oscillation). Tc ng Ma bo, lt li, l cc hin tng d thy nht ca El Nino. L do l dng nc m pha ng Thi Bnh Dng chy dc theo cc nc Chile, Peru... y vo khng kh mt lng hi nc rt ln. Hu qu l cc quc gia Nam M phi hng chu mt lng ma bt thng, c khi lng ma ln n 15 cm mi ngy. iu bt ng l nhng cn gi Thi Bnh Dng t dng i hng vo thi im c El Nino. Chng thi ngc v pha ng thay v pha ty nh thi tit mi nm. Nhng cn gi ny c kh nng a my vt qua Nam M, n tn

Romania, Bulgaria, hoc b bin en ca Nga. Nh vy, mt vng rng ln ca ty bn cu b El Nino khng ch. Nm 1997, ton vng ny b thit hi c tnh 96 t USD do ma bo, l lt t El Nino gy ra. Ngc lai, hin tng kh hn li xy ra trn cc quc gia thuc ng bn cu. Do my tp trung vo mt khu vc c mt qu cao, do , phn cn li ca th gii phi hng chu t hn hn nghim trng. Cc nc thng xuyn chu nh hng kh hn do El Nino gy ra c th k: c, Philippines, Indonesia, Thi Lan, Vit Nam... t hn hn gn y nht c lm hng triu con kangaroo, cu, b... cht v kht. Bang New South Wales sut chn thng khng c ma, h nc ngt Hinze (bang Queensland) cn kit. Ti Thi Lan, hn mt triu gia nh b thiu nc trm trng.

Nguyn nhn El Nino khng phi l hin tng do con ngi to ra, m chnh l thin nhin. V sao li xut hin dng nc m t ngt pha ng Thi Bnh Dng khi u hin tng El Nino? Mt trong nhng nguyn nhn ln gy ra hin tng El Nino l s thay i hng gi, tuy nhin n nay cc nh khoa hc vn cha c li gii p hon ton thng nht. Nhng nguyn nhn khc bao gm s thay i p sut khng kh, Tri t nng dn ln, hay c cc cn ng t di y bin.

i ph Cc nh khoa hc ra ba gii php i ph vi hin tng ny: Khai thc tt c tim lc vn minh nhn loi d bo thi im chnh xc xut hin, d bo ng i v sc cng ph. Khng lm cc cng vic tip tay cho El Nino nh ph rng, thi kh ccbonic vo khng kh, v El Nino cng mnh m hn nu mt t thiu cy xanh hay xy ra hin tng nh knh. Chun b nhng iu kin ti thiu sng chung vi El Nino, v d nh xy nh phao trnh l (i vi vng l lt) hay d tr nc (i vi vng kh hn)...

Li ch ca El Nino

Khng phi El Nino lc no cng gy tai ha cho con ngi. Cch y hn 5000 nm, khi m hin tng ny mi c ng dn Peru pht hin th El Nino ng ngha vi "tin mng". V nc bin lc y tng ln m vi sinh vt pht trin. Chng l thc n cho c bin. Nh th nn nh bt c ca cc nc ven bin Nam M pht trin mnh. Nu nm no m hin tng El Nino khng lm cho nhit nc bin tng ln qu cao th nm m ma c bi thu.

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