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Sng c sinh ra bi nhng cn gio ngoi khi Kch thc ca sng sinh ra ph thuc vo:
Vn tc ca gi. Khong thi gian gi thi. Khong cch gi thi xuyn qua b mt ca nc.
Khc x sng
S khc x sng l hin tng khi sng cng tin vo gn b c xu th i hng sao cho khi n b th thng gc vi b. Chiu di sng cng ln th tc dng khc x cng mnh Sng c th ph hy b hoc tch t bn ct v vy b bin c xu th san bng.
Khc x sng
Khi vo b sng b v ra v nng lng ca n b mt trn ng b bin. Nng lng b mt ny rt ln. Nng lng sng t l vi bnh phng cao sng. Vi iu kin mc nc su, ta c th d on c nng lng cao sng, chu k, vn tc sng d vo khong cch, tc gi v thi gian gi thi qua mt nc. sng v ra c th dng ln nh v p mnh vo b hoc l trn nh nhng ln bi bin Tng nng lng trong sut thi gian sng p vo b gn nh l khng i. Nhng c th xem l gi tr bin thin ca nng lng mt i khi sng p vo b. sng v ra c th
cn hin tng sng ln v b (plunging breaker) l nguyn nhn ca nhiu hin tng xi l b bin.
Vi hin tng sng trn (spilling breaker) thun li cho s lng ng ct trn bin
Bi bin (beach) Vch ng b bin (seacliff or dune line) B thm ven bin (berm) B mt ca bi bin (beach face) i sng p vo (swach zone)
i sng v b (surf zone) i sng v (breaker zone) Vng lm ven b (longshore trough) v di chn ct dc b (longshore bar )
Trn lt Bangor, Maine vo 2/2/1976 b ngp lt vi 3.7 m, l dng ln rt nhanh t n su ti a trong vng cha y 15 pht. 3/10/2007, bo s 5 (Lkima) b vo H Tnh - Qung Bnh. Nc bin dng cao do gi bo kt hp vi triu cng lm nh hng n nhiu tuyn
Sng bin kt hp vi triu cng dng cao
Thames barrier
3.3 Xi l b bin
Khi nim
Xi l b bin l kt qu ca vic tng mc nc bin ton cu v s pht trin khng hp l khu vc b bin Xi l b bin xy ra lin tc hn, c th tin on tin trnh
l b bin l kt qu ca nhng cn xoy thun nhit i v cn bo khng khip, tng mc nc bin, v tc ng ca con ngi ln nhng tin trnh t nhin ca b bin Cc cng trnh ci to vng t ngp nc ven bin nh: p, k b, m hn, Mc nc i dng dng cao do xu th nng ln ton cu v do bo
Ro cn sng(breaker water)
Nui b (beach nourishment)
K b (seawall)
K b Galveston
Qu trnh xi mn do k b
M hn (groins)
Qu trnh xi mn do m hn
K lung (jetty)
K lung
Ro cn sng
7. Tng kt
Mi trng b bin l mt trong nhng khu vc nng ng nht trn tri t, v s thay i nhanh chng xy ra u n. Tai bin b bin nguy him nht l bo nhit i.Chng ly i hng ngn sinh mng v gy thit hi hng t dola.N mang theo gi mnh, v nhng cn sng do gi xoy S kt hp ca triu cao v storm surge c th gy ra trn lt thy triu nghim trng cc con sng. Nhng trn ngp lt ny xy ra thng xuyn Lun n dn n vic ngi ta xy dng p xuyn qua sng Thames chng li nhng trn lt ny. Sng bin c hnh thnh bi nhng cn bo ngoi khi v truyn nng lng n b bin. Nhng s bt thng b bin gii thch nguyn nhn dn n xi l khc nhau tng a phng, n ng vai tr ln trong vic quyt nh dng b bin. Bi bin c hnh thnh do s trm lng ca ct v v s b bin do sng v hnh dng b bin mang n. Thng thng, bi bin bao gm nhng vt liu b ri nh nhng mnh s hoc san h, ni la, nm b bin. Sng x b mt gc dn n s di chuyn ng b (s kt hp bi trm tch v dng dc b) ca trm tch bi bin. Mi khu vc ven b l mt on ng b nhn trm tch t sng v mt n trong s chuyn vn ven b. Trm tch bi bin thng thng l s thng bng ca vt liu trm tch thm vo hoc mt i; Trm tch mt i l ph bin, phn no bi v p ngn cn s phn pht trm tch n bi bin. Sng theo ma l c im thng k n bao gm cc yu t c bn hng nm nh: cao, chu k, phng hng ca sng. Bit lng trm tch ,sng theo ma mi b bin l cn thit nh gi xi mn b bin ni . S dng littoral cell nh mt n v lm vic trong k hoch b bin chc chn s thnh cng hn hin ti chng ta c.
Tng kt
Mc d tai bin b bin gy ra mt thit hi tng i nh so vi nhng tai bin t nhin khc nh l lt, ng t, v bo nhit i, l vn nghim trng dc sut b bin nc S can thip ca con ngi ti cc tin trnh b bin t nhin nh vic xy dng, k b, m hn, ro cn sng, cn ct nhn to v nhng kin trc khc i khi thnh cng, nhng trong nhiu trng hp n gy ra xi l b bin ng k. Ct c khuynh hng cht thnh ng trn phn bi ca cu trc v b xi l phn l. Hu ht nhng vn xy ra khu vc mt dn s cao, nhng nhng khu vc dn c tha tht dc Outer Bank bc California cng c vn vi xi mn b bin. S nui dng bi bin (ct lng ng nhn to) hn ch thnh cng trong vic khi phc v m rng bi bin nhng n vn phi c xem xt trong thi gian di. S am hiu tai bin b bin ph thuc chnh vo kinh nghim c nhn v nhng tai bin gn k. S iu chnh c nhn ph bin nht n tai bin b bin l khng lm g v gim lo s. S iu chnh cng ng nhng nc pht trin l c gng lm nh nhng vn mi trng bng cch xy dng nhng cng trnh bo v lm gim s thit hi tim tng hoc khuyn khch s thay i trong cch c x ca con ngi bng s chia vng t s dng, di tn v cnh bo tt hn. iu chnh xi l b bin nhng khu vc pht trin thng l tng hp cc k thut: xy dng b, k, m hn, v nhng kin trc khc hoc s nui dng bi bin. Cc phng php n nh bi bin c thnh cng v c th dn n nhng vn pht sinh nhng khu vc st . Gi ca nhng cng trnh c th vt qu gi tr ti sn h bo v; nhng cng trnh nh vy c th hu hoi bi bin m h nh bo v. Cui cng qun l xi l b bin s c li t quy hoch nhng vng t s dng cn thn nhn mnh s thit lp cn tr v cho php s xy dng trn c s tin on tc xi l b bin.