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Hiu ng nh knh: Chng ta bit rng, bc x mt tri l bc x sng ngn (nng lng ln) nn n d dng xuyn cc lp kh CO2 v tng ozon chiu xung tri t. Ngc li, bc x nhit t mt t pht vo v tr l bc sng di (yu hn ), nn n b hp th (khng xuyn qua c) bi CO2 v hi nc trong kh quyn. Cn bng CO2 c duy tr nh s hp th ca thc vt v ha tan trong nc bin i dng. Nh vy, vi mt mc no , lng CO2 trong kh quyn l cn thit cho s n nh nhit trn tri t cng nh cho qu trnh quang hp ca thc vt . Tuy nhin, ngy nay, con ngi thi CO2 vo kh quyn vt qu mc cn bng bnh thng ca n. (Ch ring t than , mi nm thi vo kh quyn 2,5. (10 m 13) tn CO2.iu ny dn n s gia tng nhit trn tri t. Ngi ta c tnh nu nng CO2 trong kh quyn tng ln gp i th nhit trung bnh b mt tri t s tng ln 3,6 C. S nng ln ton cu ny s lm tan bng hai cc, dng mc nc bin, ngp lt nhng vng ven bin. N c th gy ra bo lt mt s vng v hn hn nhng vng khc !!! Nhng s bin i bt thng ny ca kh hu vn cha th lng ht c). photochemical smog : Khng kh bnh thng t c oxy nguyn t v Ozone (2 dng hot ng mnh ca Oxy). Nguyn t Oxy sinh ra t phn ng quang ho kh NO2 di nh sng mt tri : NO2 + Nng lng mt tri ---> NO + [O] Oxy nguyn t li tc dng vi cc hydrocacbon sinh ra t qu trnh chy nhin liu ha thch, qua mt chui cc phn ng trung gian li to nn NO2, Ozone v mt s cht nhim th cp nh formaldehyd, aldehyd v peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN : C2H3O5N). Tp hp cc kh trn to nn khi quang ha. Cc cht ny lm tn thng nghim trng nhiu loi cy, ph hoi t bo l (ch yu l dip lc), cn tr qu trnh trao i cht thc vt. cc thnh ph ln, nhim khi quang ha ging nh lp sng m, hn ch tm nhn. Chng lm cay mt, au u, mt mi, gy ho v cc bnh khc v phi).
Aming trng : an ton. (99% sn phm cha amiang s dng amiang trng) Amiang nu v xanh ( amphibole) kh phn hy, gy bnh tt cho ngi ht phi trong c ung th.( => cm s dng) Tnh d o ca t nc ii hn lng : , gii hn d o: P
Sc bn: l kh nng ca t khng li s bin dng. . t ct v cui si khng c st c nhy nh nht. i mn: do nc, gi A=RKLSCP t thu triu l s kt hp cc cn bo nh vi sng triu cao
K lung thng c xy dng ngn chn hoc gim thiu s bi t trm tch trong knh, bo v knh khi nhng con sng ln
- ng t gn: khong cch t chn tm ti tri ghi nh hn 100km - hn - hn focus m epicenter m ng ng h nh h n ng n m hn n m kh nh
ng t nm 1994 Northridge Nhng tai bin b bin nguy him nht l: Xoy thun nhit i: e do mng sng v gy thit hi khng l v ti sn mi nm. thu triu: gy ra do s kt hp ca thu triu v sng bo. Sng thn (c cp n trong chng 7) l tai bin thng xuyn vng bin Thi Bnh Dng. Xi mn b bin: ang tip tc gy thit hi ti sn v i hi s iu chnh ca con ngi. Sng vo b c 2 dng: Sng nho (plunging breaker): vng bi bin dc c xu hng gy xi mn mnh ven b. Sng trn (spilling breaker): vng bi bin thoi c th bi t ct cho bi bin.
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Chernobyl : 26-4-1986 Thy triu, chu k 14 ngy phn tch khoa hc h thng tri t" hay mt "phn tch ESS. Chu k ca El nino El nino thng din ra khng u n, nhng nm trong mt chu k t 2-7 nm. Mi t El nio c cng v bin thi gian khc nhau.
Ti 21/8/1986, khi ake Nios Cameroon, Chu Phi, m l thng kh c, phn ln l carbon dioxide. Kh ny lng li nhng ngi lng gn , lm cht gn 2000 ngi v s lng ln ng vt Ni la kt tng : ni la Helen 1980
Ni la mi vm (Volcanic domes) - c trng: nht ca macma vi thnh phn silic tng i cao (khong 70%)
ng hn m ng n n m ng h ng n ng g ng n kh g
nh h ng c c t ch c th bao g m bnh thi u mu, chm pht trin tr tu, v chng t lit.
t , oxi v silic chim t l nhu nht. Trong c th sng th O, C, H chim t l nhiu nht
s c th b cht.
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