TRNG AI HOC KHOA HOC T NHIEN TP.

HCM
KHOA MOI TRNG LP 09KMT

Bo mon:

A CHAT MOI TRNG

GVGD: PGS.TS HA QUANG HAI

CHNG VII:

ONG AT VA CAC VAN E LIEN QUAN

THUYET TRNH: NHOM 10

NOI DUNG
I. ong at: II. Cac hien tng lien quan:

III. Rui ro ong at va d bao:

IV. ng pho vi rui ro ong at: V. ong at Viet Nam:

I. ong at:
Khai niem: ong at hay a chan la s rung chuyen cua mat at gay ra bi nhng chuyen ong va bien dang cua vo Trai at. Nguyen nhan: Noi sinh: Phun trao nui la, van ong kien tao, cac hoat ong t gay. Ngoai sinh: Thien thach, trt l at a vi khoi lng ln

Nhan sinh:

Th hat nhan di long at

Khac: Cac hoat ong am hoc

 Qua trnh hoat ong: t gay va s di chuyen cua t gay: t gay la ng nt ra trong khoi a co s dch chuyen ang ke Sc cang, lc dan hoi Song lam rung chuyen mat at.

 Cac loai t gay:

 Hoat ong t gay: - S di chuyen theo nhng hng khac nhau cua cac a mang am xeo, chm hoac chen ep.

- Ranh gii Tch tr nang lng iem ti han toat nt thnh lnh ong at.

 Song a chan va cac rung chuyen mat at:

Tam chan:

- Chan tam

- Tieu iem

 Song a chan: - Chan ong ben trong:

SO G P N SO G S N

- Chan ong ben ngoai:

SO G RAYLEI GH N

SO G LOVE N

 Anh hng cua tan so song a chan: Tan so song la so song i qua mot iem tham chieu tren giay (Hz). - Cac toa nha va cac cau truc thng co tan so rung t nhien (tan so rieng).

- Nhng loai at, a khac nhau co phan ng khac nhau oi vi s rung chuyen a chan.

 o lng ong at: a chan ke:

 a chan o:

 Thang o:

Thang Mercalli: o lng o thiet hai do tran ong at gay ra (12 cap).

Cap 1: Ch ghi nhan c vi cac loai a chan ky tinh vi Cap 2: Rat yeu, kho ghi nhan c Cap 3: Yeu, mot so ngi cam nhn c Cap 4: Trung bnh, rung chuyen nhe, lam cho ngi ang ngu giat mnh thc day Cap 5: Kha manh, lac l nh tau b nhoi song, ly tach tren ban b khua ong Cap 6: Manh, cac vat nang b di cho, cac mang voi tren tran nha b o xuong. Mot so ong khoi b o Cap 7: Rat manh, cac ong khoi b o, mc nc gieng thay oi Cap 8: Sup o, cac vat lieu nang b loi i xa hay b o lon nhao, ong khoi nha may va thap chuong b o Cap 9: Tan khoc, nha ca b sup o mot phan hay hoan toan Cap 10: That tan kho. Cac ong dan kh va dan nc b gay, ng ray xe la b van xoan, cac khe nt rong xuat hien tren be mat at Cap 11: Taii bien, cac cau xay cat chac chan b sup o, ng ray hoan toan b cong veo Cap 12: ai bien, mat at bien oi hoan toan khong con dau vet cu

 Thang Richter: o nang lng thoat ra t tran ong at

Xp loi khng ng k tht nh nh nh Richter nh hn 2,0 2,0-2,9 3,0-3,9 4,0-4,9 Tc hi ng t tht nh, khng cm nhn c thng khng cm nhn nhng o c cm nhn c nhng t khi gy thit hi rung chuyn vt trong nh. Thit hi kh quan trng. c th gy thit hi nng cho nhng kin trc khng theo tiu chun phng nga a chn. Thit hi nh cho nhng kin trc xy ct ng tiu chun. c sc tiu hy mnh trong nhng vng ng dn trong chu vi 180 km bn knh. c sc tn ph quan trng trn nhng din tch to ln. c sc tn ph v cng quan trng trn nhng din tch to ln trong chu vi hng trm km bn knh. s ln khong 8 000 mi ngy khong 1000 mi ngy khong 49 000 mi nm khong 6 200 mi nm

trung bnh

5,0-5,9

khong 800 mi nm

mnh rt mnh cc mnh

6,0-6,9

khong 120 mi nm khong 18 mi nm khong 1 mi nm

7,0-7,9

8,0-8,9

ngoi l

9,0 hoc ln hn

khong 2 mi th k

II. Cac hien tng lien quan:

Rung chuyen va t gay:

ong at San Francisco nm 1906

 Hoa long at:

at b hoa long Niigata, Nhat Ban, 1964.

 Trc l at:

Trc l at Palisades, Northridge, 1994

 Hoa hoan, chay no:

ong at San Francisco, quan Mission, 1906.

Trong thc te, ton that do chay chiem 95% ton that do ong at.

am chay nha may loc dau Nhat Ban 11/3

 Song than:

Trc

Sau

 Nhng thay oi khu vc khi mat at noi len S lam bien dang mat at theo chieu thang ng bao gom s nang len va s lun xuong thay oi mc nc ngam.

III. Rui ro ong at va d bao:

anh gia rui ro: - Rui ro ong at lien quan en mot vung. - Phng phap c a chuong trong viec anh gia rui ro a chan la tnh toan xac suat xuat hien cua s kien cu the hoac rung chuyen. D bao ong at: D bao gan la lnh vc d bao quan trong

IV. ng pho vi rui ro ong at:

Ke hoach giam thieu tai bien ong at Bien phap giam thieu ton that do tai bien ong at ng pho vi thiet hai c s vat chat quan trong Hanh ong ng pho ong at He thong canh bao Hieu biet ve hiem hoa ong dat

V. ong at Viet Nam:

- Trung bnh khoang 10 chan ong tren nam vi cng o xap x 3 o richter.

- Theo qui luat tnh_ong va qui luat yeu_manh.

- Cac vung co nguy c ong at manh (M>6,5): Vnh Loc va Quang Hoa (Thanh Hoa); Moc Chau va Sn La (Sn La); ien Bien, Tuan Giao va Phong Tho (Lai Chau).

Danh sach cac vung phat sinh ong at Viet Nam

S phan bo cac vung phat sinh ong at manh

Ban o ve ong at nguy hiem nc ta

Cac t gay Viet Nam

- Hien nay chung ta co 26 tram quan trac tren toan quoc. Trong o chu yeu tap trung mien Bac nhu tram: Chua Tram (Ha Noi), ien Bien, Lao Cai, Hoa Bnh co the ap ng cho cong tac d bao.

Tai lieu tham khao:

1. a chat ai cng (Nguyen Hu Phc, NXB HQG TPHCM). 2. Giao trnh Khoa hoc trai at (Lu c Hai - Tran Nghi, NXBGD). 3. Khoa hoc trai at ai cng (Ngo Th Phng Uyen).

Thanh vien nhom 10:

STT 1 2 3 4 H v tn Dng Hu Phc Nguyn c Mnh Trng Vn Thin Nguyn nh Tn MSSV 0917247 0917193 0917315 0917293

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