1.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

8.
9. 10.

Trn Th Thi Ha L Th Thanh Kha D Th M Hnh Nguyn Thu Trang L Vn Ton L Vn Tho L Th Phng Trc Lu c Trung Nguyn Ngc yn V Nh Yn

0917122 0917142 0917085 0917352 0917341 0917305 0917383 0917376 0917420 0917425

1. Mc ch nghin cu

2. Gii thiu v sc khe mi trng 3. Mt s yu t a cht ca SKMT 4. Nguyn t vt & sc khe 5. Bnh mn tnh v MTC

6. Phng x v kh radon
7. nh gi ri ro trong c hc

cc loi bnh lin quan n mi trng cc nhn t a cht lin quan n SKMT s ph thuc liu ca cc nguyn t vi lng v cc cht c trong mi trng. mi quan h gia bnh mn tnh v MTC khong aming v nhng vn sc khe kh radon trong nh, trng hc v cc cng trnh xy dng khc. qu trnh nh gi v qun l ri ro cc cht c hi trong mi trng.

nh ngha

Mi trng truyn bnh

SKMT

Cc nhn t nh hng

 Sc khe mi trng l mt lnh vc quan trng gip chng ta hiu c mi quan h gia mi trng v nguyn nhn ca bnh tt. T a ra k hoch, chin lc ci thin sc khe theo hng tt hn. Bnh tt l s mt cn bng do c th km thch nghi vi mi trng

Mi trng truyn bnh

Thng qua thc phm, khng kh, t, nc

Do cc loi cn trng nh rui, mui,gin

VN HA

KH HU

Tp qun a phng Mc cng nghip ha.

Nhit m Lng ma..

1. S phong ph ca cc nguyn t t nhin

Nhng nguyn t ph bin nht trong cc loi ca lp v lc a
Atomic No. 8 Element O Weight (%) 46.40

14
13 26 20

Si
Al Fe Ca

28.15
8.23 5.63 4.15

11
12 19

Na
Mg K Total

2.36
2.33 2.09 99.34

S phn b ca nhng nguyn t phong ph nht trong c th ngi trng thnh

Atomic No. 8 6 1 Element O C H Weight (%) 65.00 18.00 10.00

7
20 15

N
Ca P

3.00
1.50 1.00

16
19 11

S
K Na

0.25
0.20 0.15

17
12

Cl
Mg Total

0.15
0.05 99.30

nhm nguyn t cn thit cho s sng ca sinh vt:

Nhm nguyn t a lng: hidro, natri, magie, kali, canxi, carbon, nit, oxy, photpho, lu hunh v clo Nhm nguyn t vt (nguyn t vi lng): flo, crom, mangan, coban, ng, km, selen, molybden Nhm cc nguyn t khc: niken, asen, nhm v bari

Vt cht ha hc

S phong ho

S bi t

S Tch ly

S lng ng

Mi nguyn t c mt ph tc ng khc nhau ln cy trng,vt nui. Chng cn thit cho s sng vi mt lng nh nhng vi mt lng ln th gy hi.

Hiu qu tc ng ca mt nguyn t vt ln c th sinh vt ph thuc vo liu lng v nng ca nguyn t . Ngnh c hc s dng khi nim liu hiu dng o lng tc ng ca mt cht ln mt a bn dn c.

Flo:
Ngun gc Trong , mt s loi t v nc. Bt ngun t m, hot ng ni la

nh hng

Nu thiu Flo s: Lm tng nguy c mc bnh v rng v chng long xng.

Hnh nh hm rng b su v hm rng p

Iod:
Ngun gc
T

nh hng

qu trnh phong ha T kh quyn lng ng vo i dng bi ma v tuyt

Thiu Iod s gy ra: Bnh bu c Chm pht trin v tr no

Hnh nh ngi mc bnh bu c do thiu Iod

Zn:
Ngun gc Trong m v hot ng ni la Gim kh nng sinh sn Gy bnh ung th ,bnh v da,v bnh mn tnh. Tr tr sc khe Gim nng sut v cht lng cy trng.

nh hng

Hnh nh em b 5 thng tui b vim da do thiu km

Se:
Ngun gc
1 Hot ng ca ni la Nhin liu ha thch nh than pht trin t nguyn liu hu c

nh hng

Suy c bp b v cu, bnh ng tiu ha gia cm. Gy ra bnh ung th, tim mch,vim nhim ngi

Nng nghip cng nghip v hot ng khai khong u lin quan n vic gy nn nhng nguy him tim tng v vt cht c hi vo mi trng

V d: vic khai thc Zn, Pb v Cadium Nht gy ra hng lot cc bnh v xng

IV.Bnh mn tnh v mi trng a cht

Sc kho c xem l trng thi c th ca sinh vt c iu chnh bi mi trng ni cht v ngoi cht. Chng ta s xt mi quan h gia mi trng a cht v cc bnh:
1 2 3

Bnh tim v cng ca nc

Ung th v mi trng a cht

Ci nhn cn cnh: khong aming

1. Bnh tim
Gm bnh tim ng mch vnh (CHD) v bnh tim mch (CVD).S khc nhau v t l t vong bnh tim lin quan n thnh phn ha hc ca nc ung, c bit l cng ca nc .

Nhng ngi s dng nc tng i mm c t l bnh tim mch cao hn so vi nhng ngi s dng nc cng.

1. Bnh tim
Mi quan h gia mi trng a ha hc v bnh tim c th do:
Nc mm c tnh acide c th n mn ng ng ha tan mt s nguyn t gy ra bnh tim.

Mt s tnh cht khc ca nc mm c th trc tip gy ra bnh tim

Mt s cht ha tan trong nc cng c th gip ngn bnh tim

2. Ung th
Cc cht gy ung th trong mi trng c 2 ngun gc:
1 2

Trong vt cht mi trng: t,nc

Do con ngi thi vo mi trng

3. Khong aming
Ch cc si khong vt nh,thun di.Cc mnh v ca khong Mg,Si c bit n nh l amphiboles hoc serpentine C th gy ra bnh ung th phi

V. Phng x v kh radon- him ha sc khe ln trong lnh vc a cht mi trng 1. Tnh cht
Loi phng x Chu k bn r

C 3 loi phng x chnh : phng x , , Trong , phng x c nng lng thp nht, phng x c nng lng cao nht.

Thi gian cn thit lng ng v phn r ra dng khc. Mi ng v phng x c 1 chu k bn r ring.

2. n v phng x : biu th nng lng phng x Trong o phn r phng x: n v thng dng l Curie (Ci) v trong o lng quc t thng dng l Becquerel (Bq) 1Ci = 3.7.1010 Bq Trong o liu phng x: Rad l n v liu hp th phng x Rem l n v ca liu tng ng

Ngoi ra trong h thng o lng quc t cn c: gray v

sievert.

3. e da sc khe t phng x

Loi phng x

Liu phng x

Cc tia phng x mang nng lng nn khi i vo trong c th chng s ph hy m, lm t bin gen dn n bnh ung th.

3.1 Loi phng x:

Tia

Nguy him c bn trong v bn ngoi c th bi nng lng cao v kh nng xuyn su. Nguy him mc trung gian.

Tia

Tia

c xem l nguy him khi bn trong c th.

3.2 Liu phng x: Ngun Liu lng (mSv/ngi/nm) Phng x nn (background radiation) K-40 v C-14 hin din trong c th 0,2-0,25 Cc tia v tr 0,35-1,5 Khong vt c tnh phng x trong 0,35 v t

Phng x nhn to mc thp: Tia X trong y hc Th nghim ht nhn t nhin liu ha thch

0,7-0,8 0,04

0,03

Vic lm v sinh hot c th nh hng n liu phng x chng ta nhn hng nm.
Mt cu hi t ra: liu lng bao nhiu th bt u nguy him cho sc khe?

Phng x cng cao th cng c hi cho sc khe. Liu khong 5000 mSv c xem l gy cht ngi. Liu 1000-2000 mSv gy cc vn sc khe nh nn ma, mt mi, tng t l sy thai di 2 thng v v sinh tm thi nam gii, 500 mSv gy tn thng sinh l. Liu phng x cho php vi cng nhn l 50 mSv/nm, i vi dn chng l 5 mSv/nm.

4. Kh radon: Rn222

L 1 kh phng x t nhin vi chu k bn r 3.8 ngy,n khng mu , khng mi, khng v, c pht hin vo nm 1900.

U238Ra226R n222 Nhng c cha uranium l ngun gc ca kh radon.

Theo EPA, mi nm M c khong 20000 ngi cht v ung th phi do nhim radon.

Ti sao radon li nguy him?

Rn222 + Po218

Po218 dng ht v bm rt cht vo bi. Bi Po218 phn r vi chu k 3,05 pht bng nhp th ca con ngi.
Khi ht vo chng lu li ti dch nhy phi, gy t on DNA cho t bo phi, dn n t bin, ung th.

c bit, tr em b tc ng mnh hn ngi ln

Bng 13.12: nh gi v ri ro phi nhim radon. (Ngun: EPA.1986. A citizens guide to radon, OPA-86-004)
Nng radon 20 pCi/l 10 pCi/l 8 pCi/l 4 pCi/l (ngng an ton) 2 pCi/l 1.3 pCi/l 0.4 pCi/l Trong 1000 ngi khng ht thuc l Nguy c ung th do radon nhng b phi nhim radon sut i tng ng Khong 8 ngi c th mc ung th Khong 4 ngi c th mc ung th Khong 3 ngi c th mc ung th Khong 2 ngi c th mc ung th Gp 10 ln nguy c b cht trong 1 v ri my bay Nguy c cht ui Nguy c b cht trong 1 v bo lc

Khong 1 ngi c th mc ung th t hn 1 ngi c th mc ung th t hn 1 ngi c th mc ung th

Nguy c cht trong 1 trn chy nh (Mc radon trong nh trung bnh) (Mc radon ngoi tri trung bnh)

a cht hc kh radon:
Lng radon thc t c th chm b mt tri t lin quan ti nng uranium trong v t cng vi hiu sut cc qu trnh chuyn t hoc t sang t-nc hoc t-kh. Nng uranium trong v t: Nng uranium-238 trong v t c th bin i rt ln. Cc i dp v (fracture zone) v cc t gy (fault) thng cha nhiu uranium do sinh ra nng kh radon cao trong cc lp t mt.

Santa Barbara, California- ni c nng kh radon rt cao, c nhiu v tr trn 20 pCi/l. Nguyn nhn l do phin st en Rincon ni y sinh ra

Hiu sut cc qu trnh chuyn ha:

Chu tc ng mnh m ca m: m cao lm tng kh nng radon i vo v li trong khe h ca vt nt hoc gia cc ht t. m cao c chiu hng ngn chn radon di chuyn qua khe h ca v t.

 Kh thot ra khi t v qua nhng khe h Nc ngm bm t di ging ln (chim t l nh) Vt liu xy dng

Radon i vo nh nh th no?

Kh radon vo nh theo hiu ng ht khi

o kh radon trong nh :
Vic o kh radon trong nh gp 1 vi kh khn v nng kh radon thay i rt nhiu theo ma trong nm, ph thuc nhng nhn t: p sut, m, v tr t gy... Nhng vic kim tra nng radon th n gin v khng t tin.

Tm hiu bit v nhn thc vn :

Con ngi khng th thy, ngi, nghe hay s nn c radon nn phi mt 1 thi gian di mi nhn thc c vn . Hin nay, nhng ngi dn cha nhn thc c ht nhng nguy him tim n v Radon, h cn c cung cp nhiu thng tin hn.

nh v v bt kn nhng v tr m theo kh radon vo nh M nhiu ca s hn hoc dng qut ngi nh c thng gi Lp t h thng thng hi trong xy dng.

Lm gim radon trong nh

nh gi ri ro l qu trnh xc nh tim nng tc ng bt li n y t mi trng sau khi tip xc vi mt vt liu c hi, c th l kim loi nng t nhin hoc ha cht hu c do con ngi to ra.

Nhn dng tai bin nh gi liu phn ng nh gi tnh trng

M t s ri ro
Vic nghin cu v nh gi nhng tc ng ca mi trng n sc khe con ngi l mt iu quan trng nhm pht trin cc k hoch hnh ng gim bt cc vn sc khe bt ngun t cc cht c trong mi trng.