Tp 200 thi n thi hc sinh gii

62
Cu 1: Hon thnh s p sau:
+ O2
+ Y1
+ Y2
+ H2 O
C 4H 6O 2

C 4H 6O 4
C 7H 12O 4
C 10H 18O 4
X 2+Y1+Y 2
xt
H 2SO 4
H 2SO 4

(X1)
(X2)
(X3)
(X4)
Cho X1 l anehit a chc mch thng, Y2 l ancol bc II.
Cu 2: A, B, D l cc ng phn c cng cng thc phn t C6H9O4Cl, tha mn cc iu kin sau :
36,1g A + NaOH d 9,2g etanol + 0,4 mol mui A1 + NaCl.
B + NaOH d mui B1 + hai ru (cng s nguyn t C) + NaCl
D + NaOH d mui D1 + axeton + NaCl + H2O.
Hy lp lun xc nh cng thc cu to ca A, B, D v vit cc phng trnh phn ng. Bit rng D lm qu tm.
Cu 3: 1/ Vit p iu ch t lapsan t metan v cc cht v c cn thit
2/ Mt dung dch monoaxit HA nng 0,373% c khi lng ring bng 1,00 g/ml v pH = 1,70. Khi pha long gp i
th pH = 1,89.
a/ Tm Ka ca axit trn?
b/ Tm M v cng thc ca axit ny bit n c %KL ca H = 1,46%; O = 46,72% v mt nguyn t X cha bit vi %
khi lng cn li.
Cu 4: 1/ Cho E0 ca Fe2+/Fe = -0,44 vn, Fe3+/Fe = -0,04 vn.
a/ Tnh E0 ca Fe3+/Fe2+?
b/ Tnh E ca Fe3+/Fe2+ trong dd c [OH-] = 1M bit T ca Fe(OH)2 = 10-14 v Fe(OH)3 = 10-36.
2/ Ha tan ht 7,33 gam hh kim loi M ha tr II v oxit ca n thu c 1 lt dd X c pH = 13.
a/ Tm M?
b/ Tnh th thch dd cha HCl v H2SO4 c pH = 0 cn thm vo 0,1 lt dd X thu c dd mi c pH = 1,699.
Cu 5: Cho 13,36 gam hh A gm Cu, Fe3O4 vo dd H2SO4 c nng d thu c V1 lt SO2 v dd B. Cho B p vi NaOH
d c kt ta C, nung kt ta ny n khi lng khng i c 15,2 gam cht rn D. Nu cng cho lng A nh trn
vo 400 ml dd X cha HNO3 v H2SO4 thy c V2 lt NO duy nht thot ra v cn 0,64 gam kim loi cha tan ht. Cc p
xy ra hon ton v cc kh o ktc.
1/ Tnh V1, V2?
2/ Tnh CM mi cht trong X bit dung dch sau p ca A vi X ch c 3 ion(khng k ion H+ v OH- do nc phn li ra)?
Cu 6: Trn hirocacbon kh A vi oxi theo t l th tch A:O2 = 1:9 ri cho vo bnh kn thy p sut trong bnh l 1 atm
00C. Bt tia la in A chy ht, hh sau p c p sut l 1,575 atm 136,50C.
1/ Tm CTPT ca A?
2/ Vit CTCT c th c ca A bit tt c cc nguyn t cacbon trong A u c cng mt dng lai ha?
3/ Chn CTCT ca A trn vit s tng hp cht B(Anthracen) c CTCT nh sau:

Bit ta phi dng p ix-An c dng(R, R, X, Y c th l H, gc hirocacbon, nhm chc):

R
R
X
CH
X
HC
HC
HC

CH

HC

R'
R'
Cu 7: Thm t t 17,85 ml dung dch km clorua 17% (d =1,12g/ml) vo 25 ml dung dch kali cacbonat 3,0 mol/lt (d =
1,30 g/ml) to ra kt ta cacbonat baz. Sau phn ng lc b kt ta, tnh nng % cc cht trong nc lc.
Cu 8: Cho hn hp gm 25,6 gam Cu v 23,2 gam Fe3O4 tc dng vi 400 ml dung dch HCl 2M cho n khi phn ng
hon ton thu c dung dch A v cht rn B. Cho dung dch A phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3 d tch ra kt ta D. Tnh
lng kt ta D.
63
Cu 1: 2,808 gam mt ieste quang hot A ch cha C, H, v O c x phng ha vi 30 ml dd NaOH 1M. Sau khi x
phng ha cn 6 ml dd HCl 1M ch chun NaOH d. Sp x phng ha gm mui ca axit icacboxylic B khng
quang hot, CH3OH v mt ancol quang hot C. Ancol C p vi I 2/NaOH cho kt ta vng. iaxit B p ch p vi Br 2/CCl4
theo t l 1:1 v ch cho mt sp D duy nht. Ozon phn B ch cho mt sn phm. Vit CTCT ca A, B, C khng cn vit
cng thc lp th v vit p xy ra?
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Tp 200 thi n thi hc sinh gii

Cu 2: Hon thnh s p sau:

Ai

A3

A2
B
D

C2H2

CH3CHO
X1
Y

X1

X2

X3

Cu 3: 1/ So snh v gii thch tnh baz ca metylamin, amoniac, imetylamin, etylamin, anilin, iphenylamin.
2/ Nu cch phn bit: etylamin, ietylamin v trietylamin v isopropylamin.
3/ So snh v gii thch tnh axit ca cc axit sau: axit axetic, axit lactic, axit acrylic, axit propionic.
Cu 4: Cho 2,16 gam hn hp gm Al v Mg tan ht trong dung dch axit HNO 3 long, un nng nh to ra dung dch A v
448 ml ( o 354,9 K v 988 mmHg) hn hp kh B kh gm 2 kh khng mu, khng i mu trong khng kh. T khi
ca B so vi oxi bng 0,716 ln t khi ca CO 2 so vi nit. Lm khan A mt cch cn thn thu c cht rn D, nung D
n khi lng khng i thu c 3,84 gam cht rn E. Vit phng trnh phn ng, tnh lng cht D v % lng mi
kim loi trong hn hp ban u.
Cu 5: Hn hp cha km v km oxit c ha tan ht bng dung dch HNO 3 rt long nhn c dung dch A v khng
c kh bay ra. C cn cn thn dung dch A ri nung khan 210 0C n khi khng cn thot ra th thu c 2,24 lt kh (o
191,1 K v 7,1. 104 Pa) v cn li 113,4 gam cht rn kh. Hy xc nh khi lng mi cht trong hn hp u(1 Pa =
9,87.10-6 atm).
Cu 6: thy phn hon ton 0,74 gam mt hn hp este n chc cn 7,0 gam dung dch KOH 8% trong nc. Khi un nng hn hp
este ni trn vi axit H2SO4 80% sinh ra kh X. Lm lnh X, a v iu kin thng v em cn, sau cho kh li t t qua dung dch brom
d trong nc th thy khi lng kh gim 1/3, trong khi lng ring ca kh gn nh khng i.
a/ Tnh khi lng mol ca hn hp este, xc nh thnh phn hn hp kh sau khi lm lnh v tnh khi lng ca chng.
b/ Xc nh thnh phn hn hp este ban u.
c/ Nu phn ng phn bit 2 este trn, vit phng trnh phn ng.

Cu 7: a) Ti sao trong cc phn t H2O, NH3 cc gc lin kt HOH

(104,290) v HNH
(1070) li nh hn gc t din
0
(109 ,28) ?

b) Xt 2 phn t H2O v H2S ti sao gc HSH

(92015) li nh hn HOH
(104029)

c) Xt 2 phn t H2O v F2O ti sao gc FOF

(103015) li nh hn HOH
(104029)
Cu 8: Trn CuO vi mt oxit kim loi n ha tr II theo t l mol 1:2 c hn hp A. Dn mt lung kh H2 d i qua
3,6 gam A nung nng thu c hn hp B. ha tan ht B cn 60 ml dung dch HNO3 nng 2,5M v thu c V lt kh
NO duy nht(ktc) v dung dch ch cha nitat kim loi. Xc nh kim loi ha tr II ni trn v tnh V?
64
Cu 1: Xc nh sc in ng E0, hng s cn bng ca phn ng:
Hg 22+ Hg + Hg2+.
Cho : E0 (Hg2+/ Hg 22+ ) = + 0,92; E0 (Hg2+/ Hg) = + 0,85V v K =

nE

10 0,059

Cu 2: Cho V lt CO qua ng s ng 5,8 gam oxit st nung mt thi gian thu c hh kh A v cht rn B. Cho B p
ht vi HNO3 long thu c dd C v 0,784 lt NO. C cn C thu c 18,15 gam mui st (III) khan. Nu ha tan B bng
HCl d th thy thot ra 0,672 lt kh(cc kh o ktc)
1/ Tm cng thc ca oxit st ?
2/ Tnh %KL mi cht trong B ?
Cu 3: Ngi ta d tnh ho tan 10-3 mol Mg(NO3)2 trong 1 lt dung dch NH3 0,5M; trnh s to thnh kt ta Mg(OH)2
phi thm vo dung dch ti thiu bao nhiu mol NH4Cl? Cho KNH3 = 1,8.10-5; T Mg(OH)2 = 1,0.10-11
+ HCl
+KOH
H 2 O
Cu 4: Hon thnh s p sau: (CH)3 C CH = CH 2
A B
C
Sau hy ngh mt c ch gii thch s to thnh C ?
Cu 5: Hon thnh s p sau:

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Tp 200 thi n thi hc sinh gii

C
A

B
G

n-Butan
0

Axeton

550 - 600 C

B1
A1

1,4 - dibrom - 2 - buten

C1

D1

1) CH2

Mg

GlyxerintriNitrat

CH2

O
B2
C2
D2
+
2)
H
ete khan
3O

IsoamylAxetat

+ Bit p ca dn xut halogen vi Mg trong ete khan to ra hp cht c magi nh sau:

ete khan
RX + Mg
RMgX
+ Mt vi p ca hp cht c magi:
H O/H +

+ HCHO
2
RCH2OMgX
RCH2OH
RMgX
MgX 2 - Mg(OH) 2
1
H3O
RR1CHOMgX
RMgX
R-CHOH-R1(ancol bc II)

+ R CHO

1
2
H3O
RR1 R2COMgX
RMgX
RR1-COH-R2(ancol bc III)

+ R -CO-R

2 2
H3O
RCH2 CH2OMgX
RMgX
R CH2CH2OH

+ (CH ) O = etylen oxit

H 2 O/H
2
RCOOMgX
RMgX
RCOOH
Cu 6: X,Y l kim loi n ha tr II v III. Ha tan ht 14,0 gam hn hp X, Y bng axit HNO3 thot ra 14,784 lt (27,30C
v 1,1atm) hn hp 2 kh oxit c mu nu v c t khi so vi He = 9,56 , dung dch nhn c ch cha nitrat kim loi.
Cng lng hn hp 2 kim loi trn cho tc dng vi axit HCl d th cng thot ra 14,784 lt kh (27,30C v 1atm) v cn
li 3,2 gam cht rn khng tan. Xc nh X, Y v tnh % lng mi kim loi trong hn hp u.
Cu 7: 1/ Dung dch A gm cc cation: NH4+ ; Na+ ; Ba2+ v 1 anion X c th l mt trong cc anion sau: CH3COO ;
NO3; SO42 ; CO32 ; PO43 . Hi X l anion no? Bit rng dung dch A c pH = 5 .
2/ Thm NaOH d vo dung dch CuSO4, thm tip NH4NO3 vo dung dch n d c hin tng g xy ra? Vit phng
trnh phn ng.
Cu 8: t chy hon ton 2,7 gam cht hu c A phi dng va ht 4,76 lt oxi ktc, sp thu c ch c CO2 v H2O c
khi lng ca CO2 H2O = 5,9 gam.
1/ Tm CTPT ca A bit MA < Mglucoz?
2/ Tm CTCT ca A bit A khng p vi Na, NaOH. Khi A p vi nc brom th thu c 2 sp B v C c CTPT l
C7H7OBr. Ch r CTCT ca B v C bit %B ln hn C?
3/ Vit p iu ch A t metan v cc cht v c khc?
65
Cu 1: Cho 45,24 gam mt oxit st p ht vi 1,5 lt dd HNO3 long thu c dd A v 0,896 lt hh kh B gm NO v N2O.
Bit t khi ca B so vi H2 l 17,625. Thm vo A m gam Cu, sau p thy thot ra 0,448 lt NO duy nht v cn li 2,88
gam kim loi khng tan. Cc kh o ktc.
a/ Tm cng thc ca oxit st?
b/ Tnh m v nng mol/l ca dd HNO3 ban u?
c/ Sau khi lc b kim loi khng tan ri em c cn dung dch th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
Cu 2: A, B, C, D l nhng hirocacbon c CTPT C9H12. Bit A ch cha 2 loi hiro. un nng vi KMnO4 th A cho
C9H6O6 , B cho C8H6O4, un nng C8H6O4 vi anhirit axeitc cho sp l C8H4O3. C v D u p vi Cu2Cl2/NH3 u cho kt
ta mu v p vi dd HgSO4 sinh ra C9H14O(C cho M v D cho N). Ozon phn M cho nona-2,3,8-trion cn N cho 2axetyl-3-metylhexaial. Tm CTCT ca A, B, C, D v vit p xy ra bit ank-1-in p vi Cu2Cl2/NH3 u cho kt ta mu
theo p: R-C CH + Cu2Cl2 + NH3 R-C CCu + NH4Cl
Cu 3: Hon thnh s p sau bit X l C6H8O4.
(1): X + NaOH
(7): C + AgNO3 + NH3 + H2O
A + B + C
L + E + Ag
(2): A + H2SO4
(8): L + NaOH
A1 + Na2SO4.
L1 + N + H2O
+ CO

(3): A1 + AgNO3 + NH3 + H2O

D + E + Ag
(4): D + HNO3
E + F + H2O

CaO ,t
(9): L1 + NaOH
P + I
(10): B + H2SO4
Q + Na2SO4.

H 2 SO4 ,t
CaO ,t
(5): A + NaOH
(11): Q
I + H
Z + H2O
(6): F + NaOH
Cho Z l axit acrylic
I + H 2O
Cu 4: Cho 7 gam hn hp A gm Fe v Cu vo 500 ml dung dch AgNO3. Sau p c dung dch A v 21,8 gam cht rn
B. Thm NaOH d vo A ri nung kt ta sinh ra trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c 7,6 gam cht rn.

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Tp 200 thi n thi hc sinh gii

1/ Tnh %m mi kim loi?

2/ Tnh V dung dch HNO3 2M min cn ho tan ht 7 gam A bit to ra NO?
Cu 5: Mt hn hp rn A gm kim loi M v mt oxit ca kim loi . Ngi ta ly ra 3 phn, mi phn c 59,08g A.
Phn th nht ho tan vo dung dch HCl thu c 4,48 lt kh H2. Phn th
hai ho tan vo dung dch ca hn hp NaNO3 v H2SO4 thu c 4,48 lt kh NO. Phn th 3 em nung nng ri cho tc
dng vi kh H2 d cho n khi c mt cht rn duy nht, ho tan ht cht rn bng nc cng toan th c 17,92 lt
kh NO thot ra. Cc th tch o ktc. Hy tnh khi lng nguyn t, cho bit tn ca kim loi M v cng thc oxit trong
hn hp A.
Na2CO3
(1)

(9)

(4)

(2)

(3)

(7)

(10)
(5)
(6)

(8)
Cu 6: Hon thnh s p sau:
Cu 7: Mt monotecpenoit mch h A c cng thc phn t C10H18O (khung cacbon hai n v isopren ni vi nhau theo
qui tc u-ui). Oxi ho A thu c hn hp ht A1, A2 v A3. Cht A1 (C3H6O) cho phn ng iodofom v khng lm mt
mu brm. Cht A2 (C2H2O4) phn ng c vi Na2CO3 v vi CaCl2 cho kt ta trng tan trong axit axetic; A2 lm mt
mu dung dch KMnO4 long. Cht A3 (C5H8O3) phn ng iodofom v phn ng c vi Na2CO3.
a. Vit cng thc cu to ca A1, A2 v A3.
b. V cng thc cc ng phn hnh hc ca A v gi tn theo danh php IUPAC.
Cu 8: 1/ Ha tan 69 gam hh CuCl2, FeCl3 theo t l mol 1:2 vo nc c dung dch A. in phn A vi in cc tr,
thi gian in phn ht cc mui l T. Tnh tng khi lng catot khi in phn trong thi gian 0,5T; 0,7T.(Cho th t
p ln l Fe3+ > Cu2+ > Fe2+).
2/ Hn hp X gm NaCl, NaHCO3, Na2CO3 trong c mt mui ngm nc. 61,3 gam X p va ht vi 100 ml dd HCl
4,5M thu c V lt CO2 ktc, dd A. Cho A vo 100 ml dd AgNO3 6,5M th va thu c kt ta max. Nu cho dd NaOH
d vo X th c dd Y, cho tip dd Ba(NO3)2 d vo Y th thu c lng kt ta ln nht l 68,95 gam. Tnh V v %KL
mi cht trong X?
66
Cu 1: Axit axety salixilic(cn gi l aspirin) c dng HA l axit yu c pKa = 3,49. tan trong nc ca n nhit
phng l 3,55 gam/dm3.
a/ Tnh pH ca dung dch aspirin bo ho nhit phng?
b/ Tnh KL ti thiu NaOH cn ho tan 0,1 mol aspirin vo nc thnh 1 lit dd ? Tnh pH ca dd ny?
c/ Vit p iu ch aspirin t metan v cc cht v c cn thit?
Cu 2: 1/ Cho E0 ca Sn4+/Sn2+ = 0,15V v Sn2+/Sn = -0,14V. Gii thch ti sao khi ha tan Sn trong dd HCl d khng to ra
Sn4+ m ch to ra Sn2+?
2/ Cho E0 ca Fe3+/Fe2+ = 0,771 V v Ag+/Ag = 0,799 V.
a/ Vit p xy ra khi cho 2 cp trn p vi nhau?
b/ Trn 50 ml dd AgNO3 0,01M vi 25 ml dd Fe(NO3)2 0,02M; 25 ml dd Fe(NO3)3 0,05M v bt Ag d. Tnh G

Fe3+ + Ag. T kt qu cho bit chiu p?

ca p sau:
Fe2+ + Ag+

(Cho G = - nF E; K = 10n.E / 0,059 vi n = s e trao i; F = 96500; nu G <0 th p xy ra)

Cu 3: A l hp cht hu c n chc cha C, H, O. Cho mt lng cht A tc dng hon ton vi 500 ml dung dch KOH
2,4 M ri c cn, c 105 gam cht rn khan B v m gam ru C. Oxi ho m gam ru C bng (c xc tc) c hn hp
X. Chia X thnh ba phn bng nhau:
Phn I tc dng vi AgNO3 (d) trong dd amoniac, c 21,6 gam Ag.
Phn II tc dng vi dung dch NaHCO3 (d), c 2,24 lt kh (ktc).
Phn III tc dng vi Na (va ), thu c 4,48 lt kh (ktc) v 25,8 gam cht rn khan.
1. Xc nh CTCT ca ru C, bit khi un nng ru C vi H2SO4 (c), 170oC c anken.
2. Tnh phn trm s mol ru C b oxi ho.
3. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A.
Cu 4: A c CTPT l C4H8O3 quang hot tan tt trong nc to dd c mi trng axit. Khi b t nng A to ra B c CTPT
l C4H6O2 khng quang hot, t tan trong nc(dd c MT axit). Cht B p vi dd KMnO4 d hn A. Khi b oxi ha bng axit
cromic th A bin thnh cht lng C c CTPT l C3H6O. Bit C c nhit si thp, khng lm mt mu thuc tm nhng
p vi I2/NaOH cho kt ta vng. Tm CTCT ca A, B, C v vit p?
Cu 5: C 100 ml dd cha H2SO4 0,8M v HCl 1,2M. Thm vo 10 gam hh X gm Fe, Mg, Zn. Sau p ly 50% hiro
cho qua ng ng a gam CuO nung nng. Sau p trong ng cn 14,08 gam hh cht rn A. Cho A p vi AgNO3 th sau p
thu c cht rn B trong c 25,23% Ag.
1/ Tnh a?
2/ Tnh V dd HNO3 2M cn ha tan ht B?
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Tp 200 thi n thi hc sinh gii

Cu 6: 1/ Cho 5,8 gam FeCO3 p va ht vi dd HNO3 c hh kh CO2 + NO v dd A. Thm HCl d vo A c dd B.

Hi B ha tan c ti a bao nhiu gam Cu?
2/ Cho 20 gam hh A gm FeCO3, Fe, Cu, Al p vi 60 ml dd NaOH 2M c 2,688 lt hiro. Sau p thm tip 740 ml dd
HCl 1M v un nng n ngng thot kh c hh kh B, lc tch c cn C. Cho B hp th t t vo dd nc vi trong
d c 10 gam kt ta. Cho C p ht vi HNO3 c nng thu c dd D v 1,12 lt mt kh duy nht. Cho D p vi NaOH
d c kt ta E. Nung E n KL khng i c m gam cht rn. Tnh KL mi cht trong A v m bit cc kh o ktc?
Cu 7: 1/ Ch c bm kh CO2, dd NaOH, cc chia nu pp iu ch Na2CO3 nguyn cht?
2/ A, B, C l nhng hi rocacbon. Bit t C iu ch c B, t B iu ch c A, A khng p vi nc brom v dd
thuc tm, di tc dng ca tia la in cht A b phn hy lm tng th tch 3 ln. Trong cng nghip ngi ta dng B
sx ancol etylic. Tm A, B, C v vit p xy ra?
Cu 8: Ho tan hn hp mui cacbonat trung ho vo nc c dung dch A v cht rn B. Ly 1 it dung dch A t nng
thy c ngn la mu vng, ly tip 1 it dung dch A cho phn ng vi NaOH un nng thy bay ra 1 cht kh lm xanh qu
tm m. Ho tan B bng dung dch H2SO4 long d c dung dch C, kt ta D v kh E. Cho D phn ng vi dung dch
NaOH c thy tan 1 phn kt ta. Cho C phn ng vi NaOH d c dung dch F v kt ta G b ho nu hon ton
trong khng kh. Cho t t dung dch HCl vo dung dch F thy c kt ta trng tan trong
HCl d
1/ Lp s trong cc qu trnh trn? 2/ Tm cng thc ca mui ban u v vit phn ng xy ra?
Cu 9: C hai bnh in phn (1) v bnh in phn (2). Trong bnh 1 ng dd (1) l NaOH c V = 38 ml nng CM =
0,5. Trong bnh 2 cha dung dch gm 2 mui Cu(NO3)2 v NaCl tng khi lng cht tan 258,2 gam. Mc ni tip bnh
(1) v bnh (2). in phn cho n khi bnh (2) va c kh thot ra c hai in cc th dng li. Ly dung dch sau phn
ng:
+ bnh (1): nh lng xc nh thy nng NaOH sau in phn l 0,95M.
+ bnh (2) em phn ng vi lng d bt Fe. Hi sau phn ng khi lng bt Fe b tan ra l m gam, v thot ra mt kh
duy nht l NO c th tch x (lt) c o iu kin tiu chun. Tnh m v x ?
67
Cu 1: 1/ M t dng hnh hc ca PCl3, PCl5, P4 ?
2/ Tnh pH ca dung dch to thnh khi ho tan 0,1 mol PCl3 vo nc?
3/ Tnh pH ca dung dch to thnh khi ho tan 0,1 mol PCl3 vo 450 ml dung dch NaOH 1M?
Bit H3PO3 c Ka1 = 1,6.102- v Ka2 = 7.10-7.
Cu 2: Hn hp E gm mt ru (hay ancol) n chc X, mt axit cacboxylic n chc Y v mt este Z to bi X v Y.
Ly 0,13 mol hn hp E cho phn ng va vi 50 ml dung dch KOH 1M un nng, c p gam ru X. Ha hi p gam
X ri dn vo ng ng CuO d nung nng, thu c anehit F. Cho ton b F tc dng ht vi lng d AgNO3 trong
dung dch NH3, un nng, thu c 43,2 gam Ag.
1) Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X v tnh gi tr p.
2) Nu t chy hon ton 0,13 mol hn hp E bng oxi, th c 5,6 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 5,94 gam
H2O. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca Y, Z v tnh % khi lng ca mi cht trong hn hp E.
Gi thit hiu sut cc phn ng l 100%.
Cu 3: X c CTPT l C5H12O4. Cho hi X qua ng ng CuO un nng c cht Y c KLPT nh hn X l 8 vC. Cho
2,56 gam Y p vi dd AgNO3/NH3 c 17,28 gam kt ta Ag. Cho X vo dd NaBr bo ha ri thm t t H2SO4 c vo
th c cht Z khng c oxi. un nng Z trong bt Zn c cht Q c t khi so vi hiro < 45. Tm CTCT ca X; Y; Z v
Q?
Cu 4: 1/ Cho m gam hh X gm CuCl2 v FeCl3 vo nc thu c dd A. Chia A lm 2 phn bng nhau:
+ Sc hiro sunfua d vo phn 1 c 1,28 gam kt ta.
+ Cho Na2S d vo phn 2 c 3,04 gam kt ta.
Tnh m?
2/ A c CTPT l C9H14. Khi oxi ha hon ton A bng K2Cr2O7 trong H2SO4 thu c mt xetoiaxit (= 1 nhm xeton + 2
nhm axit) X mch thng c t hn A mt cacbon. Khi cho A p vi dd thuc tm long c cht Y c s cacbon bng s
cacbon ca A v c MY = 190 vC. Y p vi axit axetic c xt H2SO4 thu c cht Z c CTPT l C15H24O7. Tm CTCT, tn
cc cht trn ri vit p bit A p vi hiro c propylxiclohexan.
Cu 5: Cho oxit ca kim loi R p ht vi H2SO4 c nng c 2,24 lt SO2 ktc v 120 gam mui.
1/ Tm CTPT ca oxit cho?
2/ Ly mt lng oxit va tm c ha tan va ht trong 425 ml dd HCl 2M c mt lng nh kh oxi ha tan th thu c
dd mui A. A lm mt mu 100 ml dd brom 0,25M. Tm khi lng ca oxit trn?
Cu 6: Hp cht hu c A c C, H, O. t chy ht 14,6 gam A c 35,4 gam hh CO2 v H2O. Phn trm KL oxi trong hh
CO2 v H2O l 76,84%.
1/ Tm CTPT ca A bit MA < 160 vC?
2/ Ly 21,9 gam A cho p va vi dd NaOH thu c 1 mui v 13,8 gam 1 ancol. Bit A mch h, trong ancol khng
c nhm chc khc. Tm CTCT c th c ca A?
3/ Gi B l cht hu c mch h c cng s cacbon A nhng t hn A 2 nguyn t H, B p vi NaOH c 1 mui ca mt
axit hu c n chc, anehit v cht hu c R tha mn.
Gio vin: Trn Hu Tuyn 0944478966 - 0393509744
5

Tp 200 thi n thi hc sinh gii

+ O2 /xt
NaOH, CaO, t
R
E
CH3CHO + H2O
E + Na2CO3. v
Tm CTCT c th c ca B
Cu 7: 1/ Cho hh gm 1,12 gam Fe v 0,24 gam Mg p vi 250 ml dd CuSO4. Sau p thu c kim loi c khi lng l
1,88 gam. Tnh CM ca dd CuSO4 dng?
2/ t chy x mol Fe bng oxi c 5,04 gam hh A gm cc oxit st. Ha tan ht A trong dd HNO3 thu c 0,035 mol hh
kh Y gm NO v NO2 c dY/hiro = 19. Tnh x?
3/ Ha tan m gam hh A gm Fe v kim loi M c ha tr khng i trong dd HCl d th thu c 1,008 lt kh ktc v dd
cha 4,575 gam mui.
a/ Tnh m?
b/ Ha tan ht cng lng hh A trn trong dd cha hh HNO3 c v H2SO4 nhit thch hp
thu c 1,8816 lt hh 2 kh ktc c t khi so vi hiro l 25,25. Tm kim loi M?
Cu 8: 1/ Ha tan 4,5 gam XSO4.5H2O vo nc thu c dd A. in phn A vi in cc tr. Nu thi gian p l t giy
th thu c kim loi catot v 0,007 mol kh anot. Nu thi gian p l 2t giy th thu c 0,024 mol kh. Tm X?
2/ Dung dch X gm HCl 0,001M v CH3COOH 0,1M c Ka = 1,8.10-5.
a/ Tnh pH ca X?
b/ Ha tan 2,04 gam NaOH vo 1 lt X c dd Y. Tnh pH ca Y?
p n 62
Cu 1: X1 l O=HC-CH2-CH2-CH=O, X2 l HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH, Y1 l CH3-CH2-CH2-OH, Y2 l
CH3-CHOH-CH3.
Cu 2: A, B, D c cng cng thc phn t: C6H9O4Cl (=2)
A + NaOH C2H5OH + mui A1 + NaCl
0,2 mol
0,2mol
0,4 mol
T t l s mol cc cht cho thy A l este 2 chc cha 1 gc ru C2H5- v axit tp chc.
CTCT ca A: CH3-CH2-OOC-CH2-OOC-CH2-Cl
CH3-CH2-OOC-CH2-OOC-CH2-Cl + 3NaOH C2H5OH + 2 HO-CH2COONa + NaCl
B + NaOH mui B1 + hai ru + NaCl
V thu phn B to ra 2 ru khc nhau nhng c ng s nguyn t C, nn mi ru ti thiu phi cha 2C. CTCT duy nht
tha mn: C2H5-OOC-COO-CH2-CH2-Cl
C2H5-OOC-COO-CH2-CH2-Cl + 3NaOH NaOOC-COONa + C2H5OH + C2H4(OH)2 + NaCl
D + NaOH mui D1 + axeton + NaCl + H2O
V D lm qu tm nn phi c nhm COOH, thu phn to axeton nn trong D phi c thm chc este v ru to thnh
sau thu phn l gemdiol km bn.
CTCT ca D: HOOC-CH2-COO-C(Cl)-(CH3)2
HOOC-CH2-COO-C(Cl)-(CH3)2 +3NaOH NaOOC-CH2-COONa + CH3-CO-CH3 + NaCl + H2O
Cu 3: 1/ P iu ch nh sau:
0

1500 oC
2 CH4
HC

CH

3 HC

3H2

CH

600 oC; C

CH3

+2CH

AlCl

l
3C

o
3 t

+2HCl
CH3

COOH

CH3

+12KMnO

+ 18H

2SO 4

CH3

HC

CH +H 2

+12MnSO

+ 6K

2SO 4+ 28H 2O

COOH
Pd/PbCO

o
3 t

H2C

CH2

3CH2=CH2 + 2KmnO4 +4H2O 3HO-CH2CH2-OH + 2MnO2 + 2KOH

t 0 , xt
nHOOC-C6H4-COOH + nHO-CH2CH2OH
(-OC-C6H4-COO-CH2CH2-O-)n + 2nH2O
2/ a/ Gi C l nng khi cha pha long ta c: [H+] = 10-1,7 = 0,02M

H+ + A-.
HA

Ccb: C-0,02
0,02 0,02.

Ka =

4.104
(*)
C 0, 02

+ Khi pha long gp i ta c: [H+] = 10-1,89 = 0,0129

Gio vin: Trn Hu Tuyn 0944478966 - 0393509744

Tp 200 thi n thi hc sinh gii

H+
HA

Ccb: 0,5C-0,0129
0,0129

+
A-.
0,0129

0,01292
(**)
0,5C 0,0129
4.104
0, 01292
+ T (*) v (**) ta c:
=
C = 0,0545M.
C 0, 02 0,5C 0, 0129
Ka =

Thay vo (*) c Ka = 1,159.10-2.

b/ + Gi s c 1 lt dd khi lng dd = 1000 gam mHA = 0,373.1000/100 = 3,73 gam. Mt khc s mol HA =
0,0545.1 = 0,0545 mol M = 3,73/0,0545 = 68,44 vC.
+ t CTPT ca HA l HaXbOc ta c:
v

a
1, 46
16c
46, 72
=
=
a 1;
b 2
68, 44 100
68, 44
100

bX
100 1, 46 46, 72
=
bX 35,5 b=1 v X = 35,5 tha mn.
68, 44
100

Vy cng thc ca axit cho l HclO2 = axit clor

Cu 4: 1/ a/ Mt cch tng qut ta c s :
+ n 1e

X1

X2

E1

+ n 1e
E2

X3

+ n 3e
E3

ta c : n3.E3 = n1.E1 + n2.E2. Do o nu bit c 2 gi tr ca E th tnh c E cn li

+ p dng s trn ta c: Ta c s :

Fe

3+

+ 1e

Fe

E1

2+

+ 2e
E2

Fe

+ 3e
E3

Do ta c: 3E3 = E1 + 2E2 3.(-0,04) = E1 + 2.(-0,44) E1 = +0,76 vn

b/ Ta c: EFe3+ / Fe2+ = E

0
Fe3+ / Fe2+

0, 059 [Fe3+ ]
+
lg 2+ (*)
1
[Fe ]

+ Khi [OH-] = 1 M th: [Fe2+].12 = 10-14 [Fe2+] = 10-14 v [Fe3+].13 = 10-36 [Fe3+] = 10-36.
+ Thay vo (*) c: EFe3+ / Fe2+ = 0, 76 +

0, 059 10-36
lg -14 =-0,538 vn.
1
10

2/ a/ + Gi x, y ln lt l s mol ca M v MO ta c: Mx + y(M+16) = 7,33. (I)

+ P: M + 2H2O M(OH)2 + H2
mol: x
x
MO + H2O M(OH)2.
Mol: y
y
s mol OH- = 2x + 2y = 1.0,1 (II)
+ T (I, II) ta c: 16y = 7,33 0,05M M = 146,6 320y (*)
+ T (II) suy ra: 0,05 > y > 0 thay vo (*) ta c:146,6 > M > 130,6 M l Ba.
b/ S mol ca OH- = 0,1.0,1 = 0,01 mol; Gi V l th tch cn tm s mol H+ = 1.V mol. V pH ca dd sau p < 7 nn sau
p axit d tnh theo OH-.
H+ + OH- H2O
Mol b: V
0,01
Mol p: 0,01 0,01
Mol cn: V-0,01 0

V 0, 01
=10-1,699 V = 0,0122 lt
V + 0,1

Gio vin: Trn Hu Tuyn 0944478966 - 0393509744

Tp 200 thi n thi hc sinh gii

64 x + 232 y = 13,36
x = 0,1

Cu 5: 1/ Gi x, y l s mol Cu v Fe3O4 ta d dng lp c h sau:

3y
y = 0, 03
80 x + 160. 2 = 15, 2
p dng LBT electron V1 = 22,4.(0,1.2+0,03.1)/2= 2,576 lt
+ Khi cho A vo dd X th c p:
3Fe3O4 + 28H+ + NO3- 9Fe3+ + NO + 14H2O
mol: 0,03
0,09
0,01
3+
2+
2+
Cu + 2Fe Cu + 2Fe
Mol: 0,045 0,09
0,045 0,09

phi c: 0,1-0,045 -

0, 64
= 0,045 mol Cu p vi H+ v NO3- theo p:
64

3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3- 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O

mol: 0,045
0,045
0,03
V2 = 22,4.(0,01 + 0,03) = 0,896 lt
2/ Ta thy s mol HNO3 = NO = 0,04 mol. Dung dch sau p ca A vi X c: 0,09 mol Fe2+ + 0,09 mol Cu2+ v a mol SO42-.
p dng LBT in tch a = 0,18 mol.
+ Vy trong X c HNO3 = 0,1M v H2SO4 = 0,45M
Cu 6: 1/ Gi CxHy l cng thc ca A ta c:

y
y
) O2 xCO2 + H2O
4
2
y
y
a(x+ )
ax
a
4
2

CxHy +(x+
Mol:

+ S mol kh trc p = a + 9a = 10a mol

y
y
y
+ 9a a(x+ ) = 9a + a
2
4
4
n1RT1 n 2 RT2
10a.273 (9a + 0, 25ay ).409,5
=
=
V bnh kn =
hay:
y = 6.
P1
P2
1
1,575
+ S mol kh sau p = ax + a

+ V A l cht kh nn A c th l: C2H6; C3H6 v C4H6.

2/V tt c cc nguyn t C trong A u c cng mt dng lai ha nn CTCT ca A: CH3-CH3(sp3); (CH2)3(xiclopropan =
sp3); CH2=CH-CH=CH2(sp2) v
CH

CH2

CH2 CH

(sp3)

3/ Ta chn A l buta-1,3-ien hon thnh s : buta-1,3-ien butan etilen.

HC
HC

CH2
CH2

CH2
CH2

Cho sp

cui cng trong s p vi H2/Ni, t0 th thu c B

Cu 7: + Ta c: ZnCl2 = 0,025 mol; K2CO3 = 0,075 mol.
+ Qu trnh xy ra:
CO32- + H2O HCO3- + OH-.
2Zn2+ + 2OH- + CO32- [Zn2(OH)2]CO3
Do ta c p xy ra dng phn t l:
2ZnCl2 + 3K2CO3 [Zn2(OH)2]CO3 + 2KHCO3 + 4KCl
mol b: 0,025
0,075
0
0
0
mol p: 0,025 0,0375 0,0125
0,025
0,05
mol cn: 0
0,0375 0,0125
0,025
0,05
Dung dch nc lc c: 0,0375 mol K2CO3 + 0,025 mol KHCO3 + 0,05 mol KCl
+ Khi lng dd nc lc = 17,85.1,12 + 25.1,3 0,0125.224 = 49,692 gam.
+ Vy: K2CO3 = 10,4%; KHCO3 = 5,03%; KCl = 7,5%
Gio vin: Trn Hu Tuyn 0944478966 - 0393509744

Tp 200 thi n thi hc sinh gii

Fe3O4 + 8HCl 2FeCl3 + FeCl2 + 4H2O

0,1
0,8
0,2
0,1
3+
2+
2+
Sau :
Cu + 2 Fe Cu
+ 2 Fe
0,1
0,2
0,1
0,2
Khi dung dch A cha CuCl2 (0,1 mol) v FeCl2 (0,3 mol)
Khi cho dung dch A phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3 d c cc phn ng:

+
Ag + Cl AgCl
0,8
0,8
+
2+
3+
Ag + Fe Ag + Fe
0,3
0,3
khi lng D = AgCl v Ag = (0,8 143,5) + (0,3 108) = 147,2 g
p n 63
Cu 1: + S mol NaOH p vi A = 0,024 mol s mol A = 0,012 MA =234 vC CTPT l C13H14O4.
+ Da vo sp ca p x phng ha suy ra A c dng: CH3OOC-R-COOR C l ROH, m ROH quang hot v cho kt
ta vng vi I2/NaOH nn R c dng: CH3-CHOH-CH2-...
+ Do Ozon phn B ch cho 1 sp nn B phi c cu to i xng, do B ch p c vi 1 brom nn A, B, C l: CH3-OOCCH=CH-COOCH(CH3)C6H5; HOOC-CH=CH-COOH, CH3-CHOH-C6H5.
Cu 2: A1 l C2H6 ;
A2 l C2H5Cl ;
A3 l C2H5OH ;
X1 l C2H4 ; X2 l C2H4Cl2 ;
X3 l C2H4(OH)2 ; B, D, Y l CH3COO-CH = CH2 ; CH2 = CH Cl ; CH3CHCl2
Cu 3: 1/ imetylamin > etylamin > metylamin > amoniac > anilin > iphenylamin.
2/ Dng HNO2 th: trietylamin khng p; ietylamin cho kt ta vng; 2 cht cn li cho ni bay ra. nhn ra 2 amin c kh
th ta da vo ancol tng ng c to ra l bc I v II. Nhn bit 2 ancol ny bng CuO ri AgNO3/NH3.
3/ axit lactic > axit acrylic > axit axetic > axit propionic
Cu 4: Theo gi thit th B cha N2 v N2O vi s mol u l 0,01 mol
s mol e nhn to ra 2 kh ny l : 0,01(10+8) = 0,18 mol (I)

+
2+
5 Mg + 12 H + 2 NO 3 5 Mg + N2 + 6 H2O

+
2+
4 Mg + 10 H + 2 NO 3 4 Mg + N2O + 5 H2O

+
3+
10 Al + 36 H + 6 NO 3 10 Al + 3 N2 + 18 H2O

+
3+
8 Al + 30 H + 6 NO 3 8 Al + 3 N2O + 15 H2O
c th c p to NH4NO3

+
+
2+
4 Mg + 10 H + NO 3 4 Mg + NH 4 + 3 H2O

+
+
3+
8 Al + 30 H +3 NO 3 8 Al
+ 3 NH 4 + 9 H2O
D c Al(NO3)3, Mg(NO3)2 c th c NH4NO3.
NH4NO3 N2O + 2H2O
2 NH4NO3 N2 + O2 + 4 H2O
Cu 8: p xy ra:

4Al(NO3)3 2Al2O3 + 12 NO2 + 3O2

2Mg(NO3)2 2MgO + 4 NO2 + O2

E ch c Al2O3 v MgO.

27 x + 24 y = 2,16

+ Gi x, y ln lt l s mol ca Al v Mg ta c h :
x
102. 2 + 40 y = 3,84
x = Al = 0,04 mol v Mg = 0,045 mol s mol e cho = 0,21 mol (II)
+ T (I, II) suy ra phi c NH4NO3. T d dng tnh c kt qu sau:
D gm: Al(NO3)3 (8,52 gam) ; Mg(NO3)2 (6,66 gam) ; NH4NO3 (2,4 gam) = 17,58 gam. Hn hp ban u c 50% lng mi
kim loi.
Cu 5: + S mol kh thot ra l 0,1 mol. P c th xy ra :
ZnO + 2HNO3 Zn(NO3)2 + H2O
(1)
Gio vin: Trn Hu Tuyn 0944478966 - 0393509744

Tp 200 thi n thi hc sinh gii

4Zn + 10HNO3 4Zn(NO3)2 + NH4NO3 + 3H2O

t 0 2100
NH4NO3
N2O + H2O
0

(2)
(3)

t 350
NH4NO3
N2 + 1/2O2 + H2O
(3)
Zn(NO3)2 ZnO + 2NO2 + O2
(4)
+ Ta thy NH4NO3 phn hy trc nn nu Zn(NO3)2 phn hy ht th s mol kh phi ln hn s mol cht rn l ZnO.
+ Xt trng hp Zn(NO3)2 phn hy ht cht rn l ZnO vi s mol ZnO = 113,4/81=1,4 mol > s mol kh l 0,1 mol
Zn(NO3)2 cha b phn hy s mol Zn(NO3)2 = 113,4/189 = 0,6 mol.
+ Theo (3) th s mol kh = N2O = 0,1 mol s mol NH4NO3 = 0,1 mol Zn = 0,4 mol ZnO = 0,6-0,4 = 0,2 mol.
Cu 6: T p thy phn R-COO-R + KOH R-COOK + ROH mol 2 este = 0,01 v M = 74
* C 2 kh nng xy ra :
- C 2 este u c KL mol = 74 ( H-COO-C2H5 v CH3-COO-CH3)
- Mt trong hai este c KL mol < 74 l H-COO-CH3.
Nh vy c 2 kh nng u c 1 este Fomat, khi un nng vi H2SO4 b phn hy to ra CO (KL mol = 28), ngoi ra cn
mt kh b hp th bi nc brom, kh phi l anken sinh ra khi phn ancol trong este b tch nc. Mt khc, khi
lng ring hn hp kh khng i, tc l kh phi c KL mol = 28, l C 2H4.
C 2H4 + Br2
C2H4Br2 .
* Nu trong hn hp c H-COO-C2H5 CO + C2H4 + H2O
th sau khi i qua nc brom khi lng kh phi gim i 1/2 (tri gi thit).
Vy cc gc H-COO- v C2H5- phi thuc v 2 este khc nhau.
* Hn hp cha H-COO-CH3 (x mol) v R-COO-C2H5 (y mol). Ta c :
x + y = 0,01 ; x = 2y (do CO = 2 C2H4 ) y = 0,01/3 v x = 0,02/3

Ta c : 60

0,02
3

+ (R + 73)

0,01
3

= 0,74 R = 29 C2H5-COO-C2H5

- Khi lng hn hp kh sau phn ng vi H2SO4 = 28 ( 0,01 = 0,28 gam)

0,02/3 60 = 0,4 gam H-COO-CH3 54,1% v 0,34 gam C2H5-COO-C2H5 45,9%
* Phn bit 2 este bng phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 :
H-COO-CH3 + 2 Ag(NH3) +2 + 2H2O (NH4)2CO3 + 2NH +4 + CH3OH + 2 Ag
Cu 7: a) Trong cc phn t trn, nguyn t trung tm trng thi lai ho sp3 c cc cp e cha lin kt y mnh hn cp
e lin kt.
b) Khi m in ca nguyn t trung tm gim (hoc khi m in ca phi t tng)th cc cp in t ca lin kt b y
nhiu v pha cc nguyn t lin kt nn chng ch cn mt khong khng gian nh chung quanh nguyn t trung tm. m

in ca S < O nn HSH
< HOH
.

c) m in ca F > H nn FOF
< HOH
Cu 8: Gi oxit kim loi phi tm l MO v a v 2a l s mol CuO v MO trong A.
V hidro ch kh c nhng oxit kim loi ng sau nhm trong dy in ha nn c 2 kh nng xy ra:
* Trng hp 1: M ng sau nhm trong dy in ha
CuO + H2 Cu + H2O
MO + H2 M + H2O
3Cu + 8HNO3 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O
3M + 8HNO3 3 M(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O
80a + ( M + 16).2a = 3, 6

Ta c h pt: 8a
a = 0,01875 v M = 40 Ca loi v Ca trc Al
16a
= 0,15
3 +
3
* Trng hp 2: M ng trc nhm trong dy in ha M = 24 Mg tha mn.
V=

% CuO = 41, 66%

0, 0225. 2
. 22,4 = 0,336 lt.
3
% MgO = 58,34%

p n 64

Cu 1: Hg

2+
2

c s oxi ha +1 do Hg

2+
2

Hg .
+

Gio vin: Trn Hu Tuyn 0944478966 - 0393509744

10

Tp 200 thi n thi hc sinh gii

Hg

2+

+ 2e

+ 1e

2+

Hg 2

E1

Hg

E2

+ 2e
E3

2E3 = 2E1 + E2 2.0,85 = 2.0,92 + E2 E2 = -0,14 vn K = 4,26. 10 3

Cu 2:
a) S mol Fe trong FexOy = s mol Fe trong Fe(NO3)3 = 0,075
s mol oxi trong FexOy = (5,8-0,075.56)/16 = 0,1 oxit l Fe3O4.
b) B c th cha Fe, FeO (a mol) v Fe3O4 d (b mol)
3Fe3O4 + 28HNO3 9Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O
3FeO + 10HNO3 3Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 5H2O
Fe + 4 HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O

nFe = nH2 = 0, 03(mol )

Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 ,

56.0,03 + 72a + 232 b = 5,16 a = 0

a b

0,03 + + = 0,035
b = 0,015

3 3

0,03.56
%m Fe =
.100 % = 32,56% v % m Fe3O 4 = 100% 32,56% = 67,44%
5,16

ta c :

2
3

4
2+
0
2+
Cu 3: khng c kt t Mg(OH)2 th [Mg ].[OH ] 10-11. Vi C (Mg ) = 10 th [OH ] 10 .

+
Cn bng NH3 + H2O NH 4 + OH
Kb = 1,8.10-5.
4
4
4
[ ]
0,5 10
x + 10
10
c

( x + 104 ) 104
0,5 104

4
= 1,8.10-5 (coi 10 << 0,5 ) x = 0,0899

Vy phi thm t nht 0,0899 mol NH4Cl khng to kt ta Mg(OH)2.

Cu 4:
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3 C

CH

CH2

+ HCl

CH3 C

CH3

CH

CH3

KOH

CH3 C

CH3Cl

+H+

CH3 OH

H3C

CH3
C

H3C

CH3
(C)

(B)

(A)

CH3

CH

- H2O

C ch phn ng chuyn v to cht (C):

CH3
CH3 C

CH

CH3

+H+

CH3
CH3 C

CH3 OH
CH3
CH3 C

CH

CH3

(+)

CH3

CH3
CH3 C

CH3 OH2

(B)
(+)

CH

- H2 O

H3C

(+)

CH3
H3C

(+)

CH

CH3

CH3
H3C

CH3

CH3
C

CH
CH3

-H+

H3C

CH3
(C)

Cu 5: A l C2H4; B l C2H5OH; C l CH3COOH; D l CH3COONa; G l buta-1,3-ien.

A1 l propen; B1 l CH2=CH-CH2Cl; C1 l CH2Cl-CHCl-CH2Cl; D1 l glixerol, B2 l CH3-CHBr-CH3; D2 l (CH3)2CH-CH2CH2-OH.
Cu 6: S mol kh = 0,66 v 0,6 mol. T MTB= 9,56. 4 = 38,24 suy ra NO2 > 38,24 nn kh cn li phi l NO = 30 < 38,24.
V tnh c NO = 0,32 mol v NO2 = 0,34 mol
Gio vin: Trn Hu Tuyn 0944478966 - 0393509744

11

Tp 200 thi n thi hc sinh gii

3X + 8HNO3 3X(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O

Y + 4HNO3 Y(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O
X + 4HNO3 X(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O
Y + 6HNO3 Y(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O
X + 2HCl XCl2 + H2 hoc 2Y + 6HCl 2YCl3 + 3H2
Bin lun: * Nu kim loi Y khng tan trong axit HCl
Theo pt: s mol X = 0,6 v lng X = 10,8 gam nn X =

10,8
= 18 (khng c kim loi tha mn)
0, 6

* Vy kim loi X khng tan trong axit HCl

Theo pt: s mol Y = 0,4 v lng Y = 14- 3,2= 10,8 gam nn Y =

10,8
= 27 Al
0, 4

Al 3e Al3+
t s mol X bng a:
tng s e nhng = 0,4. 3 + 2a = 1,2 + 2a
2+
X 2 e X
N +5 + 3e N +2
tng s e thu = 0,32. 3 + 0,34 = 1,30
+5
+4
N + 1e N
3, 2
1,2 + 2a = 1,3 a = 0,05. Vy X =
= 64 Cu v % Al = 77,14% ; %Cu = 22,86%
0, 05
Cu 7: 1/ X l NO3 v NH4NO3: mi trng axit pH< 7.
2/ + c kt ta mu xanh: Cu2+ + 2OH- Cu(OH)2
+ c kh mi khai : NH4+ + OH- NH3 + H2O
+ kt ta tan to dung dch xanh thm: Cu(OH)2 + 4NH3 [Cu(NH3)4]2+ + 2OHCu 8: A l C7H8O vi CTCT l CH3-O-C6H5, B l p-Br-C6H4-O-CH3. iu ch A ta lm nh sau:
+ CH 3Cl
Metan axetilen benzen clobenzen natri phenolat
C6H5-O-CH3 + NaCl (khng dng p C6H5OH +
CH3OH v phenol khng p vi ancol)
p n 65
Cu 1: a/ NO = 0,025 mol v N2O = 0,015 mol s mol e cho = 0,195 mol s mol FexOy =

45,24 =

0,195
3x 2 y

0,195(56 x + 16 y )
x 3
124,8x = 93,6y = oxit st l Fe3O4.
3x 2 y
y 4

b/ dd A c 0,585 mol Fe(NO3)3 v HNO3 d. Khi thm m gam Cu vo th c p sau:

3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3- 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O
mol: 0,03 0,08 0,02
0,02
2Fe3+ + Cu 2Fe2+ + Cu2+.
Mol: 0,585 0,2925
m = 64.(0,03+0,2925) + 2,88 = 23,52 gam.
+ S mol HNO3 = 1,89 mol CM = 1,26M
c/ khi lng mui = Fe(NO3)2 + Cu(NO3)2 = 165,93 gam.
Cu 2: + Ta thy rng A, B phi c vng benzen
+ Ta bit rng mi nhnh vng benzen sau khi oxi ha cho 2 Oxi gn vi vng nn
A phi c 3 nhnh v cho sp c 6 Oxi
B c 2 nhnh v sp c 4 oxi.
+ Do A c 3 nhnh v ch cha 2 loi H nn A c CTCT l:
CH3

H3C

CH3

Tht vy:

Gio vin: Trn Hu Tuyn 0944478966 - 0393509744

12

Tp 200 thi n thi hc sinh gii

COOH

CH3
[O]

+ H 2O
H3C

HOOC

CH3

COOH

+ V sp ca B p vi anhirit axetic cho sp l C8H4O3 nn 2 nhnh ca B phi gn nhau. Do B l:

COOH

CH3
C2H5

[O]
- CO

CO

COOH

+ (CH

- H 2O

3CO) 2O

O
CO

- 2CH 3COOH

+ C v D u p vi Cu2Cl2/NH3 cho kt ta nn phi l ank-1-in. Da vo sp ozon phn suy ra CTCT ca C v D l:

C

CH3

CH

CH3

(C)

CH

(D)

Tht vy:
C

CH
CH3

CO-CH3
CH3

+ H2O/Hg2+

+ O3

CH3-CO-CO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CO-CH3.

v
CH3
C

CH3

CH
+ H 2O/Hg

2+

CO-CH3

+O3

CH3
CH3-CO-CH-CH-CH2-CH2-CH=O
CH=O

Cu 3: X l: HCOO-C2H4-COO-CH=CH2 vi 2 CTCT tha mn l: HCOO-CH2-CH2-COO-CH=CH2. v HCOO-CH(CH3)COO-CH=CH2; A l HCOONa; B l HO-CH2-CH2-COONa hoc

HO-CH(CH3)-COONa; C l CH3-CHO
Cu 4: 1/ P xy ra theo th t sau:
Fe + 2AgNO3 Fe(NO3)2 + 2Ag
(1)
Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag
(2)
C th c:
Fe(NO3)2 +AgNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + 2Ag (3)
+ Gi s mol ca Fe v Cu ln lt l x v y ta c: 56x + 64y = 7 (I)
+ Ta phi xt cc trng hp sau:
TH1: Ch c p (1) ch c Fe p.
TH2: C p (1) v (2) Fe ht v Cu p 1 phn hoc va ht
TH3: C p (1), (2) v (3) Fe v Cu ht v AgNO3 d sau (2)
* TH 1: Ch c Fe p (1). Gi x l s mol Fe p, y l s mol Cu v z l s mol Fe d ta c:
56(x+z) + 64y = 7 (I)
Fe + 2AgNO3 Fe(NO3)2 + 2Ag
(1)
Mol: x
2x
x
2x
A c Fe(NO3)2 = x mol. B c 2x mol Ag + Cu = y mol v c th c Fe d = z mol.
+ Theo gi thit ta c: 108.2x + 64y + 56z = 21,8 (II)
+ Khi A p vi NaOH ta c: Fe(NO3)2 Fe(OH)2 Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3.
Mol:
x
x
x
0,5x
0,5x.160 = 7,6 (III)
+ Thay (III) vo (I, II) ta c: 64y + 56z = 1,68 v 64y + 56z = 1,28 Loi trng hp ny.
* TH2: C p (1, 2) Fe ht v Cu p 1 phn hoc va ht gi x l s mol Fe, y l s mol Cu p v z l s mol Cu d ta
c:
56x + 64(y+z) = 7 (I)
Fe + 2AgNO3 Fe(NO3)2 + 2Ag
(1)
Mol: x
2x
x
2x
Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag
Mol: y
2y
y
2y
A c Fe(NO3)2 = x mol v Cu(NO3)2 = y mol. B c (2x+2y) mol Ag + Cu d = z mol
Gio vin: Trn Hu Tuyn 0944478966 - 0393509744
13

Tp 200 thi n thi hc sinh gii

+ Theo gi thit ta c: 108.(2x+2y) + 64z = 21,8 (II)

+ Khi A p vi NaOH ta c: 0,5x.160 + 80y = 7,6 (III)
+ Gii (I, II, III) c: x = 0,045 mol; y = 0,05 mol v z = 0,02 mol
Vy %Fe = 36%.
*TH3: Xy ra p (3) khi B ch c Ag S mol e m Ag+ nhn s mol e m A cho
21,8/108 s mol e m A cho. Gi s A ch c Cu th s mol e cho l nh nht v = 2.7/64
21,8/108 14/64 iu ny v l
2/ 7 gam A c 0,045 mol Fe v 0,07 mol Cu. lng HNO3 min th xy ra p sau:
Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O
Mol: 0,045 0,18
0,045
3Cu + 8HNO3 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O
mol: a
8a/3
a
v
Cu + 2Fe(NO3)3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Fe(NO3)2.
Mol: 0,0225 0,045
a + 0,0225 = 0,07 a = 0,0475 mol HNO3 = 0,3067 mol V = 153,33 mol.
S: 1/ Fe = 36%
2/ 153,3 ml
Cu 5: t CT ca oxit l MxOy; gi s mol M v MxOy trong mt phn ln lt l a v b ta c:
Ma + b(Mx+16y) = 59,08 (I)
+ Vi phn 1 ta c: 2M + 2nHCl 2MCln + nH2.
Mol: a
an/2
an = 0,4 (II)
+ Vi phn 2 ta c:
3M + 4mH+ + mNO3- 3Mm+ +mNO + 2mH2O
3MxOy + (4xm-2y)H+ +(mx-2y)NO3- 3xMm+ +(mx-2y)NO +(2mx-y)H2O
am + b(mx-2y) = 0,2.3 (III)
+ Vi phn 3 ta c:
MxOy + yH2 xM + yH2O
Mol: b
bx
cht rn gm (a+bx) mol M. Do : 3M + mHNO3 + 3mHCl 3MClm + mNO + 2mH2O
m(a+bx) = 0,8.3 (IV)
+ T (III v IV) ta c by = 0,9 mol thay vo (I) ta c: M(a+bx) = 44,68 (V)
+ Chia (V) cho (IV) c: M = 18,6 m m = 3 v M = Fe. T M l Fe v (II) n = 2 a = 0,2 mol bx = 0,6 mol v by
= 0,9 mol x/y = 2/3 oxit cho l Fe2O3.
Cu 6: A l CO2, B l CaCO3 v C l Ca(HCO3)2.
Cu 7: A1 l CH3-CO-CH3; A2 l HOOC-COOH; A3 l CH3-CO-CH2-CH2-COOH. V A l tecpen nn khung cacbon ca A s
c to thnh bng cch ghp 2 isopren vi nhau CTCT ph hp ca A l:

CH3 - C = CH - CH2 - CH2 - C = CH - CH2 - OH

CH3

CH3
3,7-imetylocta-2,6-ienol.

Vit li A dng sau:

CH3

CH2OH
H3C

CH3

+ P xy ra:
Cu 8: 1/ Ta c s mol CuCl2 = 0,15 mol v FeCl3 = 0,3 mol. tng KL catot bng KL kim loi sinh ra bm vo catot.
+ anot xy ra p: 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e
mol: 1,2
1,2
Khi p ht th s mol e trao i l 1,2 mol khi p l 0,5T v 0,7T th s mol e trao i l 0,6 mol v 0,84 mol.
+ catot xy ra p theo th t:

Gio vin: Trn Hu Tuyn 0944478966 - 0393509744

14

Tp 200 thi n thi hc sinh gii

3+

2+

Fe + 1e Fe
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
Fe2+ + 2e Fe
+ TH1: thi gian p l 0,5T ng vi 0,6 mol e trao i th c
Fe3+ + 1e Fe2+
mol: 0,3
0,3 0,3
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
mol: 0,15 0,3 0,15
tng KL catot = KL ca Cu = 0,15.64 = 9,6 gam
+ TH2: thi gian p l 0,7T ng vi 0,84 mol e trao i.
Fe3+ + 1e Fe2+
mol: 0,3
0,3 0,3
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
mol: 0,15 0,3 0,15
Fe2+ + 2e Fe
mol: 0,12 0,24 0,12
tng KL catot = KL ca Cu + Fe = 16,32 gam.
2/ + t x, y, z ln lt l s mol Cl-; HCO3- v CO32- ta c:
y + 2z = 0,1.4,5; x + 0,45 = 0,65 v
y + z = 0,35
x =0,2 mol; y = 0,25 mol v z = 0,1 mol V = 22,4.(y+z)=7,84 lt
S mol NaCl = 0,2 mol; NaHCO3 = 0,25 mol; Na2CO3 = 0,1 mol. Gi n l s mol nc ta c:
0,2.58,5 + 0,25.84 + 0,1.106 + 18.n = 61,3 n = 1 mol.
c 3 kh nng l: NaCl.5H2O; NaHCO3.4H2O v Na2CO3.10H2O nhng ch c Na2CO3.10H2O l ph hp vi thc nghim.
p n 66
Cu 1: a/Aspirin c cng thc l o-CH3COO-C6H4-COOH MAspirin = 180 vC

nng ban u ca Aspirin =

3,55
= 0,01972 M. V Aspirin c dng HA nn ta c:
180.1

H+ + A-.
HA

B: 0,01972
0
0
Cb: 0,01972-x
x
x

x.x
= 10-3,49 x = 2,37.10-3M pH = 2,625.
0, 01972 x

b/ Khi cho 0,1 mol aspirin vo nc th c 0,01972 mol tan ra to ra 2,37.10-3 mol H+ s cn li tan ht th phi dng
NaOH trung ha H+ v ha tan lng HA cn li theo p: HA + NaOH NaA + H2O
S mol NaOH = H+ + HA = 2,37.10-3 + (0,1-0,01972) = 0,08265 mol NaOH = 3,306 gam
* Tnh pH: Dung dch sau p trn c [HA] = 0,01972-2,37.10-3 = 0,01735 M v
[A-] = x + (0,1-0,01972) = 0,08265M. Do ta c cn bng:

H+ + A-.
HA

B: 0,01375
0 0,08265
Cb: 0,01375-x
x 0,08265+ x

x.(0, 08265 + x)
= 10-3,49 x = 5,383.10-5M pH = 4,27.
0, 01375 x

c/ CTCT ca aspirin nh sau:

COOH
OCOCH3

+ P iu ch: metan axetilen benzen clobenzen natri phenolat. Sau l cc p sau:

Gio vin: Trn Hu Tuyn 0944478966 - 0393509744

15

Tp 200 thi n thi hc sinh gii

ONa

ONa

+ CO 2

Pcao

OCOCH3

OH
COOH

COOH

+ H 2SO 4

+ (CH 3-CO) 2O

-Na 2SO 4

COOH

-CH 3COOH

Cu 2: 1/ Ta phi tnh E0 ca Sn4+/Sn theo 1 trong 2 cch sau:

Cch 1:
Sn4+ + 2e Sn2+ c G1 = -2F.0,15
Sn2+ + 2e Sn c G2 = -2F(-0,14)
Sn4+ + 4e Sn c G = G1 + G2 hay -4.F.E0 = -2F(0,15-0,14) E0 = 0,005 vn
Cch 2: Da vo s
4+

Sn

E1
+ 2e

Sn
E3

2+

E2
+ 2e

Sn

+ 4e

4E3 = 2E1+ 2E2 4E3 = 2.0,15 + 2.(-0,14) E3 = 0,005v.

+ bit c khi Sn p vi HCl to ra Sn2+ hay Sn4+ th ta phi tnh E ca 2 p sau:
Sn + 2H+ Sn2+ + H2. E1. (1)
Sn + 4H+ Sn4+ + 2H2. E2. (2)
0
E1 = 0 (-0,14) = 0,14 v > 0 (E ca 2H+/H2 c qui c = 0) v E2 = 0 0,005) = -0,005 v < 0
E > 0 p mi xy ra nn t 2 gi tr ca E trn suy ra ch xy ra p (1) tc l ch to ra Sn2+ m khng to ra Sn4+.
2/
a/ V EAg+/Ag > EFe3+/Fe2+ nn p xy ra nh sau: Fe2+ + Ag+ Fe3+ + Ag
b/ Ta c: Ep = EAg+/Ag - EFe3+/Fe2+
(*)

0, 059 [ox]
lg
nn
n
[kh]
0, 059 0,005
lg
EAg+/Ag = 0, 799 +
= 0,663 vn
1
1
+ Mt khc ta c: E = E0 +

(V Ag l cht rn nn nng qui c l 1; [Ag+] sau khi trn c tnh =

V EFe3+/Fe2+ = 0,771 +

0, 059 0, 0125
lg
= 0,794 vn
1
0, 005

50.0, 01
= 0, 05 )
50 + 25 + 25

Ep = 0,663 0,794 = - 0,131 vn < 0 p xy ra theo chiu ngc li.

G = - nF E = -1.96500.(-0,131) = 12641,5 Jun >0 p xy ra theo chiu ngc li.
Cu 3: 1/ C l propan-1ol
2/ 66,67%
3/ propyl axetat.
Cu 4: + D thy A va c nhm axit va c nhm OH, khi un nng A th nhm OH b tch nc to ra B. Theo trn th C
phi l axeton do A, B, C phi c cu to l:
A: CH3-CHOH-CH2-COOH(A quang hot v c C bt i CH3-C*HOH-CH2-COOH)
B: CH3-CH=CH-COOH
C: CH3-CO-CH3.
+ P xy ra:
t0
CH3-CHOH-CH2-COOH
CH2=CH-CH2-COOH
4
CH2OH-CHOH-CH2-COOH.
CH2=CH-CH2-COOH + [O] + H2O
H 2CrO4
CH3-CHOH-CH2-COOH + [O] CH3-CO-CH3 + CO2 + H2O
CH3-CO-CH3 + 3I2 +4NaOH CH3COONa + CHI3 + 3NaI + 3H2O
Cu 5: 1/ H2SO4 = 0,08 mol v HCl = 0,12 mol H+ = 0,28 mol.
+ P cho dng: M + 2H+ M2+ + H2
(1)
+ Nu X ch c Zn th s mol kim loi trong X l nh nht = 10/65 = 0,154 mol S mol H+ t nht cn ha tan ht X =
2.0,154 = 0,308 mol > s mol H+ gi thit cho l 0,28 mol Trong p (1) H+ ht v kim loi d s mol H2 = 0,28/2 =
0,14 mol.
+ Khi cho 50% ng vi 0,07 mol hiro p vi CuO th:
CuO + H2 Cu + H2O
Mol: 0,07 0,07 0,07

KMnO

A c 0,07 mol Cu v (

a
a
- 0,07) mol CuO 0,07.64 + 80.(
- 0,07) = 14,08 a = 15,2 gam
80
80

Gio vin: Trn Hu Tuyn 0944478966 - 0393509744

16

Tp 200 thi n thi hc sinh gii

2/ A c: 0,07 mol Cu v 0,12 mol CuO. Khi p vi AgNO3 ta c:

Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag
Mol: x
2x
2x
B c: 0,12 mol CuO + (0,07 - x) mol Cu + 2x mol Ag

mB = 14,08 + 152x

108.2 x
= 0,2523 x = 0,02 mol.
14, 08 + 152 x

B c: 0,12 mol CuO + 0,05 mol Cu + 0,04 mol Ag

+ Khi B + HNO3 th:
CuO + 2HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + H2O
Mol: 0,12 0,24
3Cu + 8HNO3 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O
mol: 0,05 0,1333
3Ag + 4HNO3 3AgNO3 + NO + 2H2O
mol: 0,04 0,0533
HNO3 = 0,42667 mol V =0,2133 lt
Cu 6: 1/ 16 gam(Cu p c vi Fe3+ v H+ + NO3-).
2/+ Khi A p vi NaOH th s mol NaOH = 0,12 mol; s mol H2 = 0,12 mol. Suy ra NaOH d
Al + NaOH + H2O NaAlO2 + 3/2 H2.
Mol: 0,08 0,08
0,08 0,12
Sau p trn th hh c: FeCO3 + Fe + Cu + 0,04 mol NaOH d + 0,08 mol NaAlO2.
+ Khi thm vo 0,74 mol HCl vo th:
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O
Mol: 0,04
0,04
NaAlO2 + 4HCl + H2O NaCl + AlCl3 + 3H2O
Mol: 0,08
0,32
S mol HCl cn li sau 2 p trn l 0,38 mol. B l hh kh nn B phi c CO2 + H2. C chc chn c Cu, c th c FeCO3 +
Fe. Mt khc C + HNO3 NO2 l kh duy nht nn C khng th cha FeCO3 C c Cu v c th c Fe (FeCO3 b HCl
ha tan ht).
TH1: Fe d. Gi x l s mol FeCO3; y l s mol Fe b ha tan; z l s mol Fe d, t l s mol Cu ta c: 116x + 56(y + z) + 64t
= 20 0,08.27 = 17,84 (I)
FeCO3 + 2HCl FeCl2 + CO2 + H2O
Mol:
x
2x
x
x
Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2
Mol: y
2y
y
y
S mol HCl = 2x + 2y = 0,38 (II)
B c x mol CO2 + y mol hiro. Da vo p ca B vi nc vi trong x = 0,1 mol (III)
C c z mol Fe d + t mol Cu 3z + 2t = 1,12/22,4 (IV)
x = 0,1 mol; y = 0,09 mol; z = 0,01 mol v t = 0,01 mol.
Vy A c: 0,1 mol FeCO3 + 0,1 mol Fe + 0,01 mol Cu + 0,08 mol Al %KL
+ Tnh tip ta c gi tr ca m = 1,6 gam.
TH2: Fe ht C ch c Cu s molCu = NO2 = 0,025 mol.
A c 0,1 mol FeCO3 + 0,08 mol Al + 0,01 mol Cu + a mol Fe = 20 gam a = 0,1 mol
D dng tnh c m = 2 gam.
Cu 7: 1/ Sc CO2 d vo cc cha sn V lt dd NaOH c V lt dd NaHCO3. Thm V lt dd NaOH vo V lt dd NaHCO3 trn
c dd Na2CO3 nguyn cht.
2/ A l etan; B l etilen v C l axetilen. Cho tia la in qua A th: C2H6 2Crn + 3H2 kh nn lm tng th tch 3 ln.
Cu 8: Na2CO3, (NH4)2CO3, BaCO3, PbCO3, FeCO3, ZnCO3.
Cu 9: 16,8 v 4,48

p n 67
Cu 1: 1/T din u, thp tam gic(chp), lng thp tam gic
2/pH=0,52 3/pH=6,15
Cu 2: (H khi A 2006)
1/ X l CH3OH, p = 3,2 gam
2/ Y l axit propionic(39,14%); Z l etyl propionat(33,94%)
Gio vin: Trn Hu Tuyn 0944478966 - 0393509744

17

Tp 200 thi n thi hc sinh gii

Cu 3: Ta thy X no => trong X ch c nhm ete hoc ancol hoc c hai. V X p c vi CuO nn X chc chn c nhm
anol OH.
Khi 1 nhm CH2 OH chuyn thnh CH=O hoc CH-OH thnh C=O th s H gim i 2 tc l KLPT s gim 2 vC. Theo
gi thit th MY nh hn MX l 8 vC nn trong X phi c 4 nhm OH(X khng c nhm ete v X ch c 4 oxi)=> Y c CTPT
l C5H4O4 hay MY = 128 gam.
S mol Y = 2,56/128 = 0,02 mol; s mol Ag = 0,16 mol.
Trong Y chc chn c nhm anehit CHO c th c nhm xeton C=O . t Y l R(CHO)n ta c
R(CHO)n + 2nAgNO3 + 3nNH3 +nH2O R(COONH4)n + 2nAg + 2nNH4NO3
Mol: 0,02
0,16
n=4
X v Y c CTCT ln lt l
CH2OH
C

HOH2C

CH2OH

CH=O
O=HC

CH=O

CH2OH

CH=O
v
Khi X + NaBr/H2SO4 c tng ng vi X p vi HBr v:
t0
2NaBr + H2SO4
Na2SO4 + 2HBr
Do ta c:
CH2Br

CH2OH
HOH2C

CH2OH

+ 4HBr

BrH2C

CH2OH

CH2Br

+ 4H

2O

CH2Br

Do Q c M < 90 nn Q

khng cn Br vy Q l sp ca p sau:
CH2Br
BrH2C

CH2Br

CH2
+ 2Zn

H2C

CH2Br

CH2

+ 2ZnBr

CH2

Cu 4: + Vi phn 1 ta c:
2FeCl3 + H2S 2FeCl2 + S + 2HCl
mol:
x
0,5x
CuCl2 + H2S CuS + 2HCl
Mol: y
y
16x +96y = 1,28
(I)
2FeCl3 + Na2S 2FeCl2 + S + 2NaCl
sau : FeCl2 + Na2S FeS + 2NaCl

2FeCl3 + 3Na2S 2FeS + S + 6NaCl

mol:
x
x
0,5 x
CuCl2 + Na2S CuS + 2NaCl
Mol: y
y
88x + 32.0,5x + 96y = 3,04 (II)
+ T (I, II) ta c: x = 0,02 mol v y = 0,01 mol m = 4,6 gam.
2/ Ta thy A c = 3. Mt khc: A (C9H14) + [O] + H2O Y (MY = 190) MY MA = 68 = 4.M-OH
Trong p trn c 4 nhm OH c gn vo A tc l A c 2 lin kt i; m A c = 3 nn A cn c 1 vng.
+ V A + H2 propylxiclohexan nn A c mch cacbon tng t propylxiclohexan. Da vo p oxi ha ta suy ra A l 1propenylxiclohexen:
CH2-CH=CH2

+ P xy ra:
A + [O] CO2 + HOOC-CH2-CO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH.

Gio vin: Trn Hu Tuyn 0944478966 - 0393509744

18

Tp 200 thi n thi hc sinh gii

OH OH
CH2-CH=CH2

+ [O] + H

HO

CH2-CH - CH2

OH

2O

+ Khi Y p vi CH3COOH th ch c 3 OH p; ring OH cacbon bc III khng p.

Cu 5: 1/ t CTPT ca oxit l RxOy ta c:
2RxOy + (2nx-2y)H2SO4 xR2(SO4)n + (nx-2y)SO2 + (2nx-2y)H2O
mol:
0,1x/(nx-2y) 0,1
0,1x(2R+96n) = 120(nx-2y) x(2R+96n) = 1200(nx-2y)

Rx = 552nx 1200y vi 2 n 4 v n >

R = 552n -1200

2y
x

y
x

+ Vi n = 2 Rx = 1104x 1200y th ta thy khng c gi tr ph hp

+ Vi n = 3 Rx = 1656x 1200y x = 3; y = 4 v R = 56 ph hp Fe3O4.
Cch 2: Ta c s mol e cho = nhn = 0,1.2 = 0,2 mol. Gi +x l s oxi ha ca R trong oxit ta c:
R+x R+n + y.e
Mol:
0,2/y 0,2
S mol R2(SO4)n = 0,1/y mol 0,1.(2R + 96n) = 120.y R = 600y 48n.
+ V n 4 nn
nu y 1 th R > 408 v l
nu y < 1 oxit cho l Fe3O4 vi y = 1/3.
2/ S mol HCl = 0,85 mol. P:
Fe3O4 + 8HCl FeCl2 + 2FeCl3 + 4H2O
Mol:
x
8x
x
2x
4FeCl2 + O2 + 4HCl 4FeCl3 + 2H2O
mol:
x1
x1
V A lm mt mu nc brom nn FeCl2 d trn v tham gia p:
6FeCl2 + 3Br2 4FeCl3 + 2FeBr3.
Mol:
0,05 0,025
0,05 + x1 = x v 8x + x1 = 0,85 x = 0,1 mol v x1 = 0,05 mol KL Fe3O4 = 23,2 gam.
Cu 6: 1/ Gi CTPT ca A l CxHyOz vi s mol l a ta c: a(12x + y + 16z) = 14,6 (I)
+ P chy: CxHyOz + (x+y/4-z/2) O2 xCO2 + y/2 H2O
mol:
a
ax
0,5ay

44ax + 9ay = 35,4 (II) v

32ax + 8ay
= 0,7684 (III)
35, 4

+ Gii (I, II, III) ta c: ax = 0,6 mol; ay = 1 mol v az = 0,4 mol

x:y:z = 3:5:2 A c dng (C3H5O2)n. Da vo M < 160 vC n = 2. Vy A l C6H10O4.
2/ S mol A = 0,15 mol. A c dng RCOO-R-OOC-R hoc ROOC-R-COOR hoc RCOO-R(OH)2 hoc HOOC-R-COOR
+ TH1: A l RCOO-R-OOCR ta c:
RCOO-R-OOCR + 2NaOH 2RCOONa + R(OH)2.
Mol:
0,15
0,15
R(OH)2 = 13,8/0,15 = 92 R = 58 khng tha mn.
+ TH2: A c dng RCOO-R(OH)2 nn ta c:
RCOO-R(OH)2 + NaOH RCOONa + R(OH)3.
Mol:
0,15
0,15
R(OH)3 = 92 = C3H5(OH)3 = glixerol R l C2H3- A c 2CTCT tha mn l:
HO-CH2-CHOH-CH2-OOC-CH=CH2 v HO-CH2-CH(OOC-CH=CH2) -CH2-OH
+ TH3: A c dng R(COOR)2 R = C2H5 R = 0 A l C2H5OOC-COOC2H5.
+ TH4: HOOC-R-COOR R = 75 khng tha mn.
3/ B c dng C6H8O4. Da vo s suy ra E l C2H5OH R l HO-CH2-CH2-COONa A l
HCOO-CH2-CH2-COO-CH=CH2.
Cu 7: 1/ Fe = 0,02 mol v Mg = 0,01 mol. P xy ra theo th t:
Mg + CuSO4 MgSO4 + Cu (1)
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Tp 200 thi n thi hc sinh gii

Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
(2)
+ Gi s Mg v CuSO4 va ht (1):
Mg + CuSO4 MgSO4 + Cu (1)
Mol: 0,01
0,01
Cht rn ch c: 0,02 mol Fe + 0,01 mol Cu = 1,76 gam (*)
+ Gi s c Mg, Fe v CuSO4 u ht (1) v (2) ta c:
Mg + CuSO4 MgSO4 + Cu (1)
Mol: 0,01
0,01
Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
(2)
Mol: 0,02
0,02
Cht rn ch c 0,03 mol Cu ng vi 1,92 gam (*)
+ T (*); (*) v gi thit suy ra: Mg ht v Fe p mt phn, do ta c:
Mg + CuSO4 MgSO4 + Cu (1)
Mol: 0,01 0,01
0,01
Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
(2)
Mol: x
x
x
Cht rn sau p c: (0,01+x) mol Cu + (0,02-x) mol Fe 64.(0,01+x) + 56(0,02-x) = 1,88
x = 0,015 mol CuSO4 = 0,01 + x = 0,025 mol CM = 0,1M.
2/ S mol NO = NO2 = 0,0175 mol s mol e m HNO3 nhn = 0,07 mol. p dng LBT e ta c:
3x =

5, 04 56 x
.4 + 0,07 x = 0,07 mol.
32

3/ a/ S mol hiro = 0,045 mol Vit p xy ra ta s thy s mol HCl= 2 ln s mol hiro = 0,09 mol
+ p dng LBTKL ta c: m + 0,09.36,5 = 0,045.2 + 4,575 m = 1,38 gam.
b/ +Ta c: M = 50,5 hai kh l NO2 v SO2. S mol 2 kh = 0,084 mol SO2 = 0,021 mol v NO2 = 0,063 mol S mol
e nhn = 0,105 mol. Gi s mol Fe v M ln lt l x v y. p dng LBT e ta c:

3 x + ny = 0,105

56 x + My = 1,38 x = 0,015; ny = 0,06 v My = 0,054 M = 9n M l Al

2 x + ny = 0, 09

Cu 8: 1/ P xy ra:
2XSO4 + 2H2O 2X + 2H2SO4 + O2 (1)
+ Gi s khi p vi thi gian l 2t th XSO4 vn cn tc l ch c p (1) S mol kh thu c gp i s mol kh ng vi t
giy v = 0,007.2 = 0,014 mol iu ny tri vi gi thit l 0,024 mol gi s l sai Khi thi gian p l 2t th XSO4
ht v c p p nc:
dp
2H2O
2H2 + O2
+ Vi thi gian l t giy ta c:
2XSO4 + 2H2O 2X + 2H2SO4 + O2 (1)
mol: 0,014
0,007
+ Vi thi gian l t giy tip theo th:
2XSO4 + 2H2O 2X + 2H2SO4 + O2 (1)
mol:
x
0,5x
dp
2H2O
2H2 + O2
mol: y
y
0,5y
0,5x + y + 0,5y = 0,024-0,007 x + 3y = 0,034 (I)
+ Khi thi gian l t giy th ch c oxi p (1) bay ra s mol O2 ng vi t giy = 0,007 mol s mol e trao i = 0,007.4
= 0,028 mol Trong thi gian t giy cn li s mol e trao i cng phi l 0,028
4.(0,5x+0,5y) = 0,028 x + y = 0,014 (II)
+ Gii (I , II) c: x = 0,004 mol v y = 0,01 mol S mol XSO4 = 0,004 + 0,014 = 0,018 mol
0,018(X + 186) = 4,5 X = 64 = Cu.
2/ a/ pHX = 2,7
b/ pHY = 4,75

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