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NM HC 2010 2011
Mn thi: HO HC LP 12 THPT - BNG A
Thi gian lm bi: 180 pht
Cu 1 (6,0 im)
1. a) C 5 kh A, B, C, D, E. Kh A c iu ch bng cch nung KMnO
4
nhit cao, kh B
c iu ch bng cch cho FeCl
2
tc dng vi dung dch hn hp KMnO
4
trong H
2
SO
4
long d,
kh C c iu ch bng cch cho st II sunfua tc dng vi H
2
SO
4
c
nng, kh D c iu ch
bng cch cho st pirit vo dung dch HCl trong iu kin thch hp, kh E c iu ch bng cch
cho magie nitrua tc dng vi nc. Hy vit phng trnh ha hc ca cc phn ng xy ra.
b) Cho cc kh A, B, C, D, E ln lt tc dng vi nhau tng i mt, trng hp no c phn
ng xy ra ? Vit phng trnh ha hc ca cc phn ng v ghi r iu kin (nu c).
2. a) Cho t t 100 ml dung dch hn hp Na
2
CO
3
1M v KHCO
3
aM vo 200 ml dung dch HCl
1M, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton th thu c 2,688 lt CO
2
( ktc). Tnh a ?
b) Tnh pH ca dung dch to thnh khi ha tan 0,1 mol PCl
3
vo 450 ml dung dch NaOH 1M.
Cho hng s axit ca H
3
PO
3
l :
2
10 . 6 , 1
1
a
K
,
7
10 . 0 , 7
2
a
K
Cu 2 (4,0 im)
1. Thm V (ml) dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,1M vo 100 ml dung dch KAl(SO
4
)
2
0,1M thu c
2,1375 gam kt ta. Tnh V ?
2. Cho 5,22 gam mt mui cacbonat kim loi tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HNO
3
long, d
thu c dung dch X v hn hp kh Y gm 0,336 lt NO v CO
2
, cc kh o ( ktc). Xc nh mui
cacbonat v th tch kh CO
2
thu c.
Cu 3 (4,0 im)
1. Cng thc n gin nht ca cht M l C
3
H
4
O
3
v cht N l C
2
H
3
O
3
. Hy tm cng thc phn
t ca M v N. Bit M l mt axit no a chc, N l mt axit no cha ng thi nhm chc OH; M v
N u l mch h. Vit cng thc cu to c th c ca M v N.
2. Hp cht A c cng thc phn t C
8
H
14
O
5
Bit :
+ A
2
, H O H
+
+
C
2
H
5
OH + B (bit s mol A phn ng = s mol C
2
H
5
OH = s mol B)
+ Glucoz
m e n
B
trng ng ng
polime
Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A, B v vit phng trnh ha hc ca cc phn ng.
Cu 4 (6,0 im)
1. nhit khng i, hng s phn ly K
a
ca cc cht : phenol; p-crezol; p-nitro phenol; 2,4,6
trinitro phenol (axit picric); glixerol l 7,0.10
-5
; 6,7.10
-11
; 1,28.10
-10
; 7,0.10
-8
; 4,2.10
-1
. Hy gn K
a
vo
cc cht trn theo th t tng dn. Gii thch ?
2. Ch dng nc v brom hy trnh by phng php nhn bit 6 cht lng ring bit sau :
Benzen, anilin, xiclo hexen, axit acrilic, axit fomic, axit propionic.
3. Cho 2,76 gam cht hu c X (ch cha C, H, O v c cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc
n gin nht) tc dng vi dung dch NaOH va , sau chng kh th thu c hi nc, phn
cht rn cha hai mui ca natri c khi lng 4,44 gam. t chy hon ton 4,44 gam hn hp hai
mui ny trong oxi th thu c 3,18 gam Na
2
CO
3
; 2,464 lt CO
2
( ktc) v 0,9 gam nc. Tm cng
thc phn t, vit cng thc cu to c th c ca X.
(Cho : H=1, C=12, N=14, O=16, Na=23, Mg=24, Al=27, S=32, Fe=56; Cu=64, Zn=65, Ba =137)
- - - Ht - - -
chnh thc
H v tn th sinh:................................................................... S bo danh:.......................
S GD& T NGH AN K THI CHN HC SINH GII CP TNH LP 12
NM HC 2010 - 2011
HNG DN V BIU IM CHM THI CHNH THC
Mn thi: HO HC THPT BNG A
(Hng dn v biu im gm 05 trang)
Cu Ni dung im
Cu 1 6,0
1.a)
1.5
Tm c 5 kh v vit ng 5 phng trnh hoc (nu vit ng 5 phng trnh vn cho im ti a
1,5 im) : A l O
2
; B : Cl
2
; C: SO
2
; D : H
2
S;
E : NH
3
2 KMnO
4
0
t
K
2
MnO
4
+ MnO
2
+ O
2
10 FeCl
2
+ 2 KMnO
4
+ 18 H
2
SO
4
5 Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 2MnSO
4
+ K
2
SO
4
+ 10Cl
2 + 18H
2
O
2FeS + 10 H
2
SO
4c nng Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 9SO
2
+ 10H
2
O
2FeS
2
+ 4 HCl
2FeCl
2
+ 2S + 2H
2
S
Mg
3
N
2
+ 6 H
2
O
3Mg(OH)
2
+ 2NH
3
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,3
1.b)
2,0
2SO
2
+ O
2
0
2 5
450 , C V O
2SO
3
2H
2
S + 3O
2
0
t
2SO
2
+ 2H
2
O
Hoc : 2H
2
S + O
2 (thiu) 2S + 2H
2
O
4NH
3
+ 5O
2
0
850 , C Pt
4NO
+ 6H
2
O
Hoc : 4NH
3
+ 3O
2(thiu)
0
t
2N
2 + 6H
2
O
Cl
2
+ SO
2
0
t
SO
2
Cl
2
Cl
2
+ H
2
S
S + 2HCl
3Cl
2
+ 2NH
3 N
2
+ 6HCl
Hoc : 3Cl
2
+ 8NH
3
6NH
4
Cl + N
2
2H
2
S + SO
2 3S + 2H
2
O
H
2
S + NH
3 NH
4
HS
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
2.a)
1,25
Ta c
2
3
2
3
0,1 ; 0, 2
0,1 ; 0,12
CO H
CO
HCO
n mol n mol
n amol n mol
+
'
H
+
ht ,CO
3
2-
v HCO
3
-
d
Cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra ng thi:
CO
3
2-
+ 2H
+
CO
2
+ H
2
O (1)
x 2x x
HCO
3
-
+ H
+
CO
2
+ H
2
O (2)
y y y
0,25
0,25
0,25
Goi x v y l s mol ca CO
3
2-
v HCO
3
-
tham gia phn ng (1) v (2)
Ta c h phng trnh
2 0, 2 0, 08
0,12 0, 04
x y x
x y y
+
' '
+
0,25
Ta c :
0,1 0, 08
0, 5
0,1 0, 04
x
a M
y a
0,25
2.b)
1,25
S mol NaOH = 0,45.1 = 0,45 mol
PCl
3
+ 3H
2
O H
3
PO
3
+ 3HCl
0,10 0,10 0,30
0,25
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H
2
O
0,30 0,30
H
3
PO
3
+ NaOH NaH
2
PO
3
+ H
2
O
Ban u 0,10 0,15 0,00
P 0,10 0,10 0,10
Sau p 0,00 0,05 0,10
NaOH + NaH
2
PO
3
Na
2
HPO
3
+ H
2
O
Ban u 0,05 0,10 0,00
P 0,05 0,05 0,05
Sau p 0,00 0,05 0,05
0,25
0,25
Vy sau phn ng thu c dung dch c s mol H
2
PO
3
-
= s mol HPO
3
2-
= 0,05 mol 0,25
Ta c cn bng :
H
2
PO
3
-
H
+
+ HPO
3
2-
2
2
3
2 3
a
H HPO
K H
H PO
+
+
1 1
] ]
1
]
1
]
pH = lg
2
7)
lg(7, 0.10 6,155
a
K
H p
+
1
]
0,25
Cu 2 4,0
1
2,0
Ba(OH)
2
Ba
2+
+2OH
-
(a l s mol Ba(OH)
2
)
a a 2a
KAl(SO
4
)
2
K
+
+ Al
3+
+ 2SO
4
2-
0,01 0,01 0,02
Ba
2+
+ SO
4
2-
BaSO
4
(1)
Al
3+
+ 3OH
-
Al(OH)
3
(2)
Al(OH)
3
+ OH
-
Al(OH)
4
-
(3)
Nu SO
4
2-
kt ta ht th :
4
aS B O
m
0,02.233 = 4,66 (gam) > 2,1375 (gam)
SO
4
2-
d
0,25
0,25
Trng hp 1 : Al
3+
tham gia va hoc d
loi
0,5
2
2,0
Gi cng thc mui M
2
(CO
3
)
n
c s mol l x
3M
2
(CO
3
)
n
+ (8m 2n) HNO
3
6M(NO
3
)
m
+ 2(m - n)NO + 3nCO
2
+ (4m n)H
2
O (*)
Theo phng trnh (*) ta c :
2
( ) 0, 015 2( ) 0, 045
3
NO
n m n x m n x (1)
Ta li c : (2M + 60n)x = 5,22 (2)
0,5
0,25
Gii (1) v (2) ta c : M = 116 m 146 n
Ta c bng sau :
m 2 3 3
n 1 1 2
M 86 202 56
Nghim loi loi Fe
0,25
0,25
0,25
Vy cng thc ca mui cacbonat l FeCO
3
2
3 3.2
. .22, 4 .0, 015.22, 4 1, 008
2( ) 2(3 2)
CO NO
n
V n
m n
(l)
0,5
Cu 3 4,0
1 2,0
Cng thc phn t M c dng (C
3
H
4
O
3
)
n
c bi lin kt : a = n + 1
Hay : (C
6/3
H
8/3
O
2
)
3n/2
axit c 3n/2 nhm chc do : n + 1 =
3
2
2
n
n
Cng thc phn t ca M l C
6
H
8
O
6
hay C
3
H
5
(COOH)
3
. Vy cng thc cu to ca M l :
HOOC CH
2
CH
2
CH COOH
COOH
HOOC CH
2 CH CH
2
COOH
COOH
HOOC
CH
3
CH CH
2
COOH
COOH
HOOC CH
CH
3
CH
COOH
COOH
HOOC C
COOH
COOH
CH
2
CH
3
0,25
0,25
0,5
Cng thc phn t N c dng (C
2
H
3
O
3
)
m
(1)
Hay C
2m-y
H
3m-(x+y)
(OH)
x
(COOH)
y
(2)
T (1) bi lin kt a =
2 2
2 2
m m
y
+ +
(a)
T (1) v (2) ta c : 3m = x + 2y (theo O) (b)
Do N l ancol nn x 2m y (c)
T (a), (b), (c)
2 y
0,25
0,25
Khi y =1 theo (a) m = 0
v nghim
Khi y = 2 theo (a) m =2 suy ra x = 2
Vy cng thc phn t N l : C
4
H
6
O
6
hay C
2
H
2
(OH)
2
(COOH)
2
Ta c cng thc cu to ca N l :
HOOC CH
OH
CH
OH
COOH HOOC
C
COOH
OH
CH
2
OH
v
0,5
2 2,0
Do bi lin kt a = 2 v
2 5
2
B C H OH
n n
= 2n
A
Vy A l este no hai chc cha hai gc axit ging nhau v 1 gc C
2
H
5
a=0,02
Suy ra s mol CO
2
= 6a = 0,12
s mol C = 0,12
S mol H
2
O = 5a = 0,1
s mol H = 0,2
Xc
nh
c
cng
thc
phn
t
cht E
cho
0,5
S mol HCl = 0,02
1
2
n
m
0,5
Cng thc cu to 1 on mch ca A:
-CH
2
-CH=CH-CH
2
-CH-CH
2
-CH-CH
2
-
0,5
5 2
Cc cu to tho mn ca A v cc phng trnh phn ng:
CH
2
-COO-CH
2
hoc
COO-CH
2
Cu to ca B: CH
3
-COOCH=CH
2
Vit
c 3
cng
thc
cu to
cho
0,75
im
Cc phn ng:
CH
2
-COO-CH
2
+ 2NaOH CH
2
-COONa + C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
(1)
COO-CH
2
COONa
+ 2NaOH CH
2
-COONa + CH
3
CHO + H
2
O
(2)
COONa
CH
3
COOCH=CH
2
+ NaOH CH
3
COONa + CH
3
CHO (3)
CH
2
-COONa +2NaOH CH
4
+ 2Na
2
CO
3
(4)
COONa
CH
3
COONa + NaOH CH
4
+ Na
2
CO
3
(5)
Vit
c 5
phn
g trnh
phn
ng
cho
1,25
im
C
6
H
5
C
6
H
5
CH
2
COO
COO
CH-CH
3
CH
2
COO
COO
CH-CH
3
CaO
t
0
CaO
t
0
(-CH
2
-CHBr-CHBr-CH
2
)
n
(CH
2
-CH-)
m
6 2
C th dng dd nc Br
2
nhn bit cc kh , c th:
. NH
3
: dd Br
2
mt mu, c kh khng mu khng mi thot ra
2NH
3
+ 3Br
2
N
2
+ 6HBr
Hoc 8NH
3
+ 3Br
2
N
2
+ 6NH
4
Br
0,5
. H
2
S: dd Br
2
mt mu, c kt ta mu vng
H
2
S + Br
2
2HBr + S
0,5
. C
2
H
4
: dd brom mt mu, to cht lng phn lp
C
2
H
4
+ Br
2
C
2
H
4
Br
2
0,5
. SO
2
: dd brom mt mu, to dd trong sut ng nht
SO
2
+ Br
2
+ 2H
2
O 2HBr + H
2
SO
4
0,5
7 2,5
FeO + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2
O
FeO + CO Fe + CO
2
3FeO + 10HNO
3
3Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 5H
2
O
Al(OH)
3
+ 3HCl AlCl
3
+ 3H
2
O
Al(OH)
3
+ NaOH Na[Al(OH)
4
]
CaCO
3
+ 2HCl CO
2
+ H
2
O + CaCl
2
CaCO
3
CaO + CO
2
KOH + NH
4
Cl KCl + NH
3
+ H
2
O
HCl + NH
3
NH
4
Cl
4HCl + MnO
2
MnCl
2
+ Cl
2
+ 2H
2
O
10 p
x 0,25
= 2,5
8 1,5
Khi gt b v PVC, li ng t nhiu vn cn PVC nn khi t s c
qu trnh sinh ra CuCl
2
, CuCl
2
phn tn vo ngn la, ion Cu
2+
to mu
xanh l m c trng. Khi ht CuCl
2
(ht PVC) ngn la li khng mu.
Nu cho dy ng p vo PVC th hin tng lp li
0,5
Cc phn ng: PVC chy:
(-CH
2
-CHCl-)
n
+ 2,5nO
2
2nCO
2
+ nH
2
O + nHCl
0,5
2Cu + O
2
2CuO
0,25
2HCl + CuO CuCl
2
+ H
2
O
(Nu hc sinh vit Cu + HCl th khng cho im)
0,25
t
0
t
0
t
0
t
0
t
0
9 1
Trong dd X tng in tch dng: 0,1 + 0,2.2 = 0,5
Trong dd X tng in tch m: 0,05 + 0,36 = 0,41
0,5
Kt qu trn l sai v tng in tch dng khng bng tng in tch
m
0,5
10 3
a Theo ra th hn hp kh B phi l NO
2
v CO
2
theo phn ng sau 0,25
FeS + 12HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ H
2
SO
4
+9NO
2
+ 5H
2
O
FeCO
3
+ 4HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ CO
2
+NO
2
+ 2H
2
O
0.5
t nFeS=a (mol), nFeCO
3
= b (mol) suy ra nNO
2
=9a + b, nCO
2
= b 0,25
Ta c:
46(9 ) 44
22,8
2(9 2 )
a b b
a b
+ +
+
a:b=1:3
nFeS : nFeCO
3
= 1:3
0,25
T l khi lng:
3
88 20,18%
348 79,82%
FeS
FeCO
0,25
b Lm lnh B c phn ng sau:
2NO
2
N
2
O
4
khi
2 4
92
N O
M
, lm
M
= 57
0,25
Gi x l s mol N
2
O
4
c trong hn hp D
Trong D gm: (9a + b) - 2x = 4b -2x mol NO
2
, x mol N
2
O
4
, b mol CO
2
0,25
Suy ra
46(4b-2x)+92x+44b
=57
(4b-2x+x+b)
x=b
0,25
Tng s mol trong D =4b gm NO
2
= 2b chim 50%, N
2
O
4
=b chim
25%, CO
2
=b chim 25%
0,25
C -11
0
c phn ng: 2NO
2
N
2
O
4
xy ra hon ton
Hn hp E gm N
2
O
4
v CO
2
trong nN
2
O
4
=2b; nCO
2
=b
0,25
T khi i vi H
2
:
92.2 44
38
2( 2 )
b b
b b
+
+
0,25
----------------------------------------------
Ch : Hc sinh gii theo cch khc nu ng vn cho im ti a.
S GD&T NGH
AN
K THI CHN HC SINH GII TNH
NM HC 2007-2008
Mn thi: HO HC LP 12 THPT - BNG A
Thi gian: 180 pht (khng k thi gian giao )
Cu 1 (5,0 im):
chnh thc
1. Nu hin tng, vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong cc trng hp sau:
a) Trn dung dch Na
2
CO
3
vi dung dch FeCl
3
.
b) Sc kh H
2
S n bo ho vo dung dch FeCl
3
.
c) Cho ur vo dung dch Ba(OH)
2
.
2. Vit cc qu trnh xy ra cc in cc v phng trnh in phn cc dung dch sau:
a) BaCl
2
(c mng ngn)
b) CuSO
4
c) K
2
SO
4
3. Gii thch hin tng st ty, tn b n mn trong khng kh m.
Cu 2 (7,0 im).
1. Cc cht hu c A, B, C, D c cng cng thc phn t C
4
H
6
O
4
u phn ng vi dung dch
NaOH theo t l mol 1:2. Trong :
- A, B u to ra mt mui, mt ru.
- C, D u to ra mt mui, mt ru v nc.
Bit rng khi t chy mui do A, C to ra th trong sn phm chy khng c nc. Xc nh
A, B, C, D v vit phng trnh phn ng vi NaOH.
2. C th tn ti bao nhiu loi lin kt hyr trong ru etylic c ho tan phenol. Vit cng
thc biu din cc mi lin kt ny v cho bit lin kt no bn nht, lin kt no km bn
nht? Gii thch.
3. Cho 9,2g mt hp cht hu c n chc X tc dng va vi dung dch cha 0,2mol
Ag
2
O trong NH
3
thu c 21,6 g Ag. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X. Vit phng trnh
phn ng ho hc xy ra.
Cu 3 (5,0 im). Cho 39,84g hn hp F gm Fe
3
O
4
v kim loi M vo dung dch HNO
3
un
nng, khuy u hn hp phn ng hon ton thu c 4,48 lt kh NO
2
l sn phm kh
duy nht ( ktc), dung dch G v 3,84g kim loi M. Cho 3,84g kim loi M vo 200ml dung
dch H
2
SO
4
0,5M v KNO
3
0,5M khuy u th thu c dung dch H, kh NO duy nht. Cho
dung dch NH
3
d vo dung dch G thu c kt ta K. Nung K trong khng kh n khi
lng khng i thu c 24g cht rn R.
a) Tm kim loi M (bit M c ho tr khng i trong cc phn ng trn).
b) C cn cn thn dung dch H thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
Cu 4 (3,0 im).
1. xi ho mt ru X bi xi c bt ng lm xc tc, c cht kh Y. xi ho Y vi xc
tc Pt thu c axt Z. Cho Z tc dng vi xt c mui T. Cho T tc dng vi dung dch
Ag
2
O/ NH
3
c Ag kim loi. Tm cng thc cu to ca X, Y, Z, T. Vit cc phng trnh
phn ng.
2. Trn Y vi mt anht P c 5,9g ri un nng nh vi mt lng d dung dch Ag
2
O
trong NH
3
thu c 2,24 lt CO
2
( ktc) v 64,8g Ag. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca P.
( Cho Fe = 56; Al = 27; Cu = 64; N = 14; O = 16; H = 1; Ag = 108, Zn = 65, Mg=24, C =
12, Pb = 207, K = 39)
Th sinh khng c s dng bt c ti liu g.
--------------Ht -------------
S GD& T NGH AN K THI CHN HC SINH GII TNH LP 12
NM HC 2009 - 2010
Mn thi: HO HC - THPT BNG A
Thi gian: 180 pht (khng k thi gian giao )
Cu 1 (4 im).
thi d b
( thi gm 02 trang)
Ha tan 48,8 gam hn hp A gm Cu v mt oxit st trong HNO
3
d thu c dung dch B
v 6,72 lt kh NO (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. C cn dung dch B thu c 147,8 gam
hn hp hai mui.
1. Xc nh cng thc oxit st
2. Cho 48,8 gam hn hp A trn vo 400 ml dung dch HCl 2M cho n khi cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch C v cht rn D. Cho C tc dng vi dung dch
AgNO
3
d thu c cht rn E. Tnh khi lng ca E
3. Tnh th tch NO duy nht (ktc) thu c khi cho D tc dng vi HNO
3
d
Cu 2 ( 4 im).
t chy hon ton 9,0 gam mt axit cacboxylic A thu c 6,72 lt CO
2
(ktc) v 5,4
gam H
2
O
1. Xc nh cng thc cu to v gi tn A
2. Cho A tc dng vi hn hp 2 ancol n chc, mch h l ng ng k tip nhau thu
c 8,0 gam hn hp este. Cho ton b este ny tc dng vi NaOH va thu c
8,15 gam mui. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca 2 ancol
Cu 3 ( 3 im.
un nng 28,75 gam etanol vi H
2
SO
4
c 170
0
C. Cho ton b sn phm thu c qua
bnh 1 ng CuSO
4
khan, sau qua bnh 2 ng dung dch KOH c d, cui cng qua bnh
3 ng dung dch Br
2
d trong dung mi CCl
4
. Sau th nghim khi lng bnh 3 tng 10,5
gam. Li cho dung dch H
2
SO
4
long d tc dng vi dung dch bnh 2 thu c hn hp kh
A, A c kh nng lm mt mu dung dch Br
2
, KMnO
4
long
1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra
2. Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng to thnh cht hp th bnh 3
Cu 4 ( 3 im).
Trong phng th nghim c 2 dung dch cha bit nng l NaHSO
4
v Na
2
CO
3
. Ngi ta
tin hnh cc th nghim sau:
Th nghim 1: Cho t t 100 gam dung dch NaHSO
4
vo 100 gam dung dch Na
2
CO
3
thu
c 198,9 gam dung dch A
Th nghim 2: Cho t t 100 gam dung dch Na
2
CO
3
vo 100 gam dung dch NaHSO
4
thu
c 197,8 gam dung dch B
Th nghim 3: Cho t t 50 gam dung dch Na
2
CO
3
vo 100 gam dung dch NaHSO
4
thu
c 150 gam dung dch C
1. Hy gii thch kt qu cc th nghim trn
2. Tnh C% ca 2 dung dch ban u
Cu 5 ( 3 im).
Hp cht hu c X no mch h, phn t cha mt chc OH v chc COOH, c cng thc
(C
4
H
6
O
5
)
n
1. Xc nh cng thc phn t v vit cc ng phn cu to c th c ca X.
2. Xc nh cng thc cu to ng ca X, bit X tch nc cho hai sn phm ng phn
Y, Z. Vit cng thc cu to ca Y, Z.
3. So snh nhit nng chy ca Y, Z gii thch.
4. So snh tnh axit ca Y v Z. Gii thch
Cu 6 ( 3 im).
Dung dch A l dung dch hn hp CH
3
COOH 0,1M; CH
3
COONa 0,1M
1. Tnh pH ca dung dch A
2. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c khi
a) Cho 0,01 mol HCl vo 1 lt dung dch A
b) Cho 0,01 mol NaOH vo 1 lt dung dch A
Gi s th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k
(Cho H=1, C=12, N=14, O=16, Na=23, S=32, K =39, Fe=56; Zn=65, Ba =137)
- - - Ht - - -
H v tn th sinh:................................................................... S bo danh:...................
S GD&T NGH AN K THI CHN HC VIN GII TNH LP 12
NM HC 2008 - 2009
Mn thi: HO HC 12 B TC THPT
Thi gian lm bi: 180 pht
Cu 1 (1,5 im). Cho cc dd: NaOH, HCl, CH
3
COONa, H
2
NCH
2
COOH, CH
3
NH
2
, NH
4
Cl. Hy vit cc
phng trnh phn ng khi cho cc cht tc dng vi nhau tng i mt
Cu2 (3,75 im). Vit tt c cc ng phn ca C
3
H
5
Br
3
. Cho cc ng phn ln lt tc dng vi dd
NaOH un nng. Hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng.
Cu 3 (3,25 im). Cc cht sau: Na, H
2
S, CO
2
, Cl
2
, CH
4
, HCHO, C
6
H
12
O
6
(glucoz) c tnh xi ho hay
kh? Mi tnh cht vit mt phng trnh phn ng minh ho.
Cu 4 (2,0 im). Cho cc hp cht sau: NH
3
, C
6
H
5
NH
2
, CH
3
NH
2
, C
6
H
5
OH, (CH
3
)
2
NH. Hy sp xp tnh
baz theo th t tng dn. Gii thch ngn gn.
Cu 5 (1,5 im). Kt qu xc nh s mol ca cc ion trong dung dch X nh sau: Na
+
c 0,1mol, Ba
2+
c 0,2mol, HCO
3
-
c 0,05mol, Cl
-
c 0,36mol. Hi kt qu trn ng hay sai? Gii thch.
Cu 6 (4,0 im). t chy hon ton 1,06g hn hp 2 ancol no, n chc, mch h l ng ng k tip
nhau ri cho ton b sn phm vo 1 lt dung dch NaOH 0,2M. Sau th nghim nng dung dch
NaOH cn li 0,1M (gi s th tch dung dch khng thay i).
a. Xc nh cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to v gi tn 2 ancol.
b. Xc nh % theo khi lng mi ancol.
Cu 7 (4,0 im). Cho dung dch HNO
3
tc dng vi 2 kim loi nhm v magi, sau phn ng thu c
0,896 lt (ktc) hn hp 2 kh l NO v N
2
O (l sn phm kh duy nht) c t khi so vi hyr l
16,75.
a. Tnh % theo th tch ca mi kh.
b. Tnh s mol ion NO
3
-
to thnh trong mui.
Bit: C=12; H=1; O=16; Al = 27; Mg = 24; Na = 23.
-------------Ht-------------
chnh thc
S Gd&t Ngh an K thi chn hc vin gii tnh lp 12
Nm hc 2008 - 2009
hng dn v biu im Chm chnh thc
(Hng dn v biu im chm gm 03 trang)
Mn: Ha Hc - b tc thpt
---------------------------------------
Cu Ni dung im
1 1,5
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H
2
O (1)
NaOH + H
2
NCH
2
COOH H
2
NCH
2
COONa + H
2
O (2)
NaOH + NH
4
Cl NaCl + NH
3
+ H
2
O (3)
HCL + CH
3
COONa CH
3
COOH + NaCl (4)
HCL + CH
3
NH
2
CH
3
NH
3
Cl (5)
HCl + H
2
NCH
2
COOH NH
3
ClCH
2
COOH (6)
6 p x
0,25 =
1,25
2 3,75
Cc ng phn ca C
3
H
5
Br
3
l:
CH
2
Br-CHBr-CH
2
Br (1) CH
2
Br-CH
2
-CHBr
2
(2)
CHBr
2
-CHBr-CH
3
(3) CH2Br-CBr
2
-CH
3
(4)
CH
3
-CH
2
-CBr
3
(5)
5p x
0,5 =2,5
CH
2
Br-CHBr-CH
2
Br + 3NaOH CH
2
OH-CHOH-CH
2
OH
+3NaBr
CH
2
Br-CH
2
-CHBr
2
+ 3NaOH CH
2
OH-CH
2
-CHO +
3NaBr + H
2
O
CHBr
2
-CHBr-CH
3
+ 3NaOH CH
3
-CHOH-CHO +3NaBr
+ H
2
O
CH
2
Br-CBr
2
-CH
3
+ 3NaOH CH
2
OH-CO-CH
3
+ 3NaBr
+ H
2
O
CH
3
-CH
2
-CBr
3
+ 4NaOH CH
3
COONa + 3NaBr +
2H
2
O
5p x
0,25
=1,25
3 3,25
Cht c tnh kh: Na, H
2
S, CH
4
0,25
Cht c tnh oxi ho: CO
2
0,25
Cht va c tnh oxi ho va c tnh kh: Cl
2
, HCHO, C
6
H
12
O
6
,
(CH
4
)
0,5
2Na + Cl
2
2NaCl
(1)
2H
2
S + O
2
2S + 2H
2
O
(2)
CH
4
+ 2O
2
CO
2
+ 2H
2
O
(3)
CO
2
+ 2Mg 2MgO + C
(4)
Cl
2
+ 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H
2
O
(5)
HCHO + H
2
CH
3
OH
9 p x
0,25
=2,25
(6)
HCHO + 4AgNO
3
+ 6NH
3
+ 2H
2
O (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
+ 4Ag +
4NH
4
NO
3
(7)
CH
2
OH-(CHOH)
4
-CHO + H
2
CH
2
OH-(CHOH)
4
-CH
2
OH
(8)
CH
2
OH-(CHOH)
4
-CHO + 2AgNO
3
+ 3NH
3
+ H
2
O
CH
2
OH-(CHOH)
4
-COONH
4
+ 2Ag + 2NH
4
NO
3
(9)
4 2
C
6
H
5
OH < C
6
H
5
NH
2
< NH
3
<CH
3
NH
2
<CH
3
NHCH
3
1
GiI thch: C
6
H
5
OH khng c tnh baz, c tnh axit nn C
6
H
5
OH
tnh baz nh nht. Cc amin cn li c tnh baz. mnh yu
ca baz ph thuc vo mt e trn nguyn t Nit.
C
6
H
5
NH
2
c tnh baz nh hn NH
3
v vng benzen ht e lm
ngho e ca nit. Cc amin CH
3
NH
2
, CH
3
NHCH
3
c tnh baz
mnh hn NH
3
v gc ankyl y e v pha nit, lm giu e ca
nit.
CH
3
NHCH
3
: C tnh baz ln nht v c hai nhm -CH
3
y e
1
5 1.5
Tng tr s mol in tch dng trong dung dch X l:
0.1 x 1 + 0.2 x 2 = 0.5 (mol)
0.5
Tng tr s mol in tch m trong dung dch X l:
0.05 x 1 + 0.36 x 1= 0.41
0.5
Theo kt qu trn th tng tr s mol in tch dng > Tr s
mol in tch m nn kt qu trn l sai.
0.5
6 4,0
A
n hn hp kh =
0,896
22, 4
= 0,04 (mol) 0.25
M
hn hp kh = 16,75 x 2 = 33,5 0.25
gi s mol NO l x s mol N
2
O l 0.04 - x
30 44(0.04 )
M 33.5
0.04
x x +
0.5
x= 0.03 s mol NO l 0.03, s mol N
2
O l 0.01 0.5
% NO =
0.03
.100% 75%
0.04
%N
2
O = 100% - 75% = 25% 0.5
B
Al + 4HNO
3
Al(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 2H
2
O (1)
3Mg + 8HNO
3
3Mg(NO
3
)
2
+ 2NO + 4 H
2
O (2)
8Al + 30HNO
3
8Al(NO
3
)
3
+ 3N
2
O + 15H
2
O (3)
4Mg + 10HNO
3
4Mg(NO
3
)
2
+ N
2
O + 5H
2
O (4)
4x0.25=
1.0
Theo phng trnh (1), (2) th s mol NO
3
-
to mui = 3 x s mol
NO
0.25
Theo phng trnh (3), (4) th s mol NO
3
-
to mui = 8 x s mol
N
2
O
0.25
Tng s mol NO
3
-
to mui l: 3 x 0.03 + 8 x 0.04 = 0.17 (mol) 0.5
7 4
A Xc nh CTPT, CTCT v gi tn hai ancol
Gi cng thc trung bnh ca 2 ancol l
n 2n+1
C H OH
Phn ng:
n 2n+1
C H OH
+ 1,5
n
O
2
n
CO
2
+ (
n
+1)H
2
O (1)
0,25
CO
2
+ 2NaOH Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O (2)
0,25
nNaOH tham gia phn ng (2): 0,2 - 0,1 =0,1
theo (1) v (2): nCO
2
= 0,5 nNaOH phn ng = 0,05 mol
0,25
theo (1) n
n 2n+1
C H OH
=0,05:
n
.
Theo ra (14
n
+18) . 0,05 :
n
= 1,06
n
=2,5
0,5
Do 2 ancol l ng ng lin tip nn CTPT ca hai ancol l
C
2
H
5
OH v C
3
H
7
OH
0,5
CTCT v tn gi: CH
3
-CH
2
OH etanol
C
3
H
7
OH c hai cng thc: CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
OH
propan-1-ol
CH
3
-CHOH-CH
3
propan-2-ol
3CTCT
x 0,25
=0,75
tn gi
0,5
B Xc nh % khi lng: Gi x, y ln lt l s mol C
2
H
5
OH v
C
3
H
7
OH
Ta c h phng trnh
46 60 1, 06
0, 02
x y
x y
+
'
+