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S GD&T NGH AN K THI CHN HC SINH GII CP TNH LP 12

NM HC 2010 2011
Mn thi: HO HC LP 12 THPT - BNG A
Thi gian lm bi: 180 pht
Cu 1 (6,0 im)
1. a) C 5 kh A, B, C, D, E. Kh A c iu ch bng cch nung KMnO
4
nhit cao, kh B
c iu ch bng cch cho FeCl
2
tc dng vi dung dch hn hp KMnO
4
trong H
2
SO
4
long d,
kh C c iu ch bng cch cho st II sunfua tc dng vi H
2
SO
4
c

nng, kh D c iu ch
bng cch cho st pirit vo dung dch HCl trong iu kin thch hp, kh E c iu ch bng cch
cho magie nitrua tc dng vi nc. Hy vit phng trnh ha hc ca cc phn ng xy ra.
b) Cho cc kh A, B, C, D, E ln lt tc dng vi nhau tng i mt, trng hp no c phn
ng xy ra ? Vit phng trnh ha hc ca cc phn ng v ghi r iu kin (nu c).
2. a) Cho t t 100 ml dung dch hn hp Na
2
CO
3
1M v KHCO
3
aM vo 200 ml dung dch HCl
1M, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton th thu c 2,688 lt CO
2
( ktc). Tnh a ?
b) Tnh pH ca dung dch to thnh khi ha tan 0,1 mol PCl
3
vo 450 ml dung dch NaOH 1M.
Cho hng s axit ca H
3
PO
3
l :
2
10 . 6 , 1
1

a
K
,
7
10 . 0 , 7
2

a
K

Cu 2 (4,0 im)
1. Thm V (ml) dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,1M vo 100 ml dung dch KAl(SO
4
)
2
0,1M thu c
2,1375 gam kt ta. Tnh V ?
2. Cho 5,22 gam mt mui cacbonat kim loi tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HNO
3
long, d
thu c dung dch X v hn hp kh Y gm 0,336 lt NO v CO
2
, cc kh o ( ktc). Xc nh mui
cacbonat v th tch kh CO
2
thu c.
Cu 3 (4,0 im)
1. Cng thc n gin nht ca cht M l C
3
H
4
O
3
v cht N l C
2
H
3
O
3
. Hy tm cng thc phn
t ca M v N. Bit M l mt axit no a chc, N l mt axit no cha ng thi nhm chc OH; M v
N u l mch h. Vit cng thc cu to c th c ca M v N.
2. Hp cht A c cng thc phn t C
8
H
14
O
5
Bit :
+ A
2
, H O H
+
+

C
2
H
5
OH + B (bit s mol A phn ng = s mol C
2
H
5
OH = s mol B)
+ Glucoz
m e n
B
trng ng ng
polime
Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A, B v vit phng trnh ha hc ca cc phn ng.
Cu 4 (6,0 im)
1. nhit khng i, hng s phn ly K
a
ca cc cht : phenol; p-crezol; p-nitro phenol; 2,4,6
trinitro phenol (axit picric); glixerol l 7,0.10
-5
; 6,7.10
-11
; 1,28.10
-10
; 7,0.10
-8
; 4,2.10
-1
. Hy gn K
a
vo
cc cht trn theo th t tng dn. Gii thch ?
2. Ch dng nc v brom hy trnh by phng php nhn bit 6 cht lng ring bit sau :
Benzen, anilin, xiclo hexen, axit acrilic, axit fomic, axit propionic.
3. Cho 2,76 gam cht hu c X (ch cha C, H, O v c cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc
n gin nht) tc dng vi dung dch NaOH va , sau chng kh th thu c hi nc, phn
cht rn cha hai mui ca natri c khi lng 4,44 gam. t chy hon ton 4,44 gam hn hp hai
mui ny trong oxi th thu c 3,18 gam Na
2
CO
3
; 2,464 lt CO
2
( ktc) v 0,9 gam nc. Tm cng
thc phn t, vit cng thc cu to c th c ca X.
(Cho : H=1, C=12, N=14, O=16, Na=23, Mg=24, Al=27, S=32, Fe=56; Cu=64, Zn=65, Ba =137)
- - - Ht - - -

chnh thc

H v tn th sinh:................................................................... S bo danh:.......................
S GD& T NGH AN K THI CHN HC SINH GII CP TNH LP 12
NM HC 2010 - 2011
HNG DN V BIU IM CHM THI CHNH THC
Mn thi: HO HC THPT BNG A
(Hng dn v biu im gm 05 trang)
Cu Ni dung im
Cu 1 6,0
1.a)
1.5
Tm c 5 kh v vit ng 5 phng trnh hoc (nu vit ng 5 phng trnh vn cho im ti a
1,5 im) : A l O
2
; B : Cl
2
; C: SO
2
; D : H
2
S;

E : NH
3
2 KMnO
4

0
t
K
2
MnO
4
+ MnO
2
+ O
2
10 FeCl
2
+ 2 KMnO
4
+ 18 H
2
SO
4
5 Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 2MnSO
4
+ K
2
SO
4
+ 10Cl
2 + 18H
2
O
2FeS + 10 H
2
SO
4c nng Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 9SO
2
+ 10H
2
O
2FeS
2
+ 4 HCl
2FeCl
2
+ 2S + 2H
2
S
Mg
3
N
2
+ 6 H
2
O
3Mg(OH)
2
+ 2NH
3
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,3
1.b)
2,0
2SO
2
+ O
2
0
2 5
450 , C V O

2SO
3
2H
2
S + 3O
2
0
t
2SO
2
+ 2H
2
O
Hoc : 2H
2
S + O
2 (thiu) 2S + 2H
2
O
4NH
3
+ 5O
2
0
850 , C Pt

4NO

+ 6H
2
O
Hoc : 4NH
3
+ 3O
2(thiu)

0
t
2N
2 + 6H
2
O
Cl
2
+ SO
2

0
t
SO
2
Cl
2
Cl
2
+ H
2
S
S + 2HCl
3Cl
2
+ 2NH
3 N
2
+ 6HCl
Hoc : 3Cl
2
+ 8NH
3
6NH
4
Cl + N
2
2H
2
S + SO
2 3S + 2H
2
O
H
2
S + NH
3 NH
4
HS
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
2.a)
1,25
Ta c
2
3
2
3
0,1 ; 0, 2
0,1 ; 0,12
CO H
CO
HCO
n mol n mol
n amol n mol
+

'

H
+
ht ,CO
3
2-
v HCO
3
-
d
Cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra ng thi:
CO
3
2-
+ 2H
+
CO
2
+ H
2
O (1)
x 2x x
HCO
3
-
+ H
+
CO
2
+ H
2
O (2)
y y y
0,25
0,25
0,25
Goi x v y l s mol ca CO
3
2-
v HCO
3
-
tham gia phn ng (1) v (2)
Ta c h phng trnh
2 0, 2 0, 08
0,12 0, 04
x y x
x y y
+

' '
+

0,25
Ta c :
0,1 0, 08
0, 5
0,1 0, 04
x
a M
y a

0,25

2.b)
1,25
S mol NaOH = 0,45.1 = 0,45 mol
PCl
3
+ 3H
2
O H
3
PO
3
+ 3HCl
0,10 0,10 0,30
0,25
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H
2
O
0,30 0,30
H
3
PO
3
+ NaOH NaH
2
PO
3
+ H
2
O
Ban u 0,10 0,15 0,00
P 0,10 0,10 0,10
Sau p 0,00 0,05 0,10
NaOH + NaH
2
PO
3
Na
2
HPO
3
+ H
2
O
Ban u 0,05 0,10 0,00
P 0,05 0,05 0,05
Sau p 0,00 0,05 0,05
0,25
0,25
Vy sau phn ng thu c dung dch c s mol H
2
PO
3
-

= s mol HPO
3
2-

= 0,05 mol 0,25
Ta c cn bng :
H
2
PO
3
-


H
+
+ HPO
3
2-
2
2
3
2 3
a
H HPO
K H
H PO
+
+

1 1
] ]
1
]
1
]

pH = lg
2
7)
lg(7, 0.10 6,155
a
K
H p
+
1
]
0,25
Cu 2 4,0
1
2,0
Ba(OH)
2
Ba
2+
+2OH
-

(a l s mol Ba(OH)
2
)
a a 2a
KAl(SO
4
)
2
K
+
+ Al
3+
+ 2SO
4
2-

0,01 0,01 0,02
Ba
2+
+ SO
4
2-
BaSO
4
(1)
Al
3+
+ 3OH
-
Al(OH)
3
(2)
Al(OH)
3
+ OH
-
Al(OH)
4
-

(3)
Nu SO
4
2-
kt ta ht th :
4
aS B O
m
0,02.233 = 4,66 (gam) > 2,1375 (gam)

SO
4
2-

d
0,25
0,25
Trng hp 1 : Al
3+

tham gia va hoc d

ch xy ra phn ng (1) v (2) khi


2
0, 01 0, 015
3
a
a . Khi lng kt ta m c tnh :

4 3
2
aS ( )
dd ( )
2
233 .78 2,1375 0, 0075
3
0, 0075
0, 075( ) 75( )
0,1 0,1
B O Al OH
Ba OH
a
m m m a a
a
V l hay ml
+ +


0,5
0,5
Trng hp 2 : Xy ra phn ng (1), (2), (3) th :
2
0, 01 0, 015
3
a
a > >
Al
3+
+ 4OH
-
Al(OH)
4
-

phn ng va khi a = 0,02
Vy
0, 015 0, 02 a <
Khi a = 0,015 nu kt ta tnh theo BaSO
4
l : 0,015.233 = 3,495 > 2,1375 (gam)

loi
0,5
2
2,0
Gi cng thc mui M
2
(CO
3
)
n
c s mol l x
3M
2
(CO
3
)
n
+ (8m 2n) HNO
3
6M(NO
3
)
m
+ 2(m - n)NO + 3nCO
2
+ (4m n)H
2
O (*)
Theo phng trnh (*) ta c :
2
( ) 0, 015 2( ) 0, 045
3
NO
n m n x m n x (1)
Ta li c : (2M + 60n)x = 5,22 (2)
0,5
0,25


Gii (1) v (2) ta c : M = 116 m 146 n
Ta c bng sau :
m 2 3 3
n 1 1 2
M 86 202 56
Nghim loi loi Fe
0,25
0,25
0,25
Vy cng thc ca mui cacbonat l FeCO
3
2
3 3.2
. .22, 4 .0, 015.22, 4 1, 008
2( ) 2(3 2)
CO NO
n
V n
m n


(l)
0,5
Cu 3 4,0
1 2,0
Cng thc phn t M c dng (C
3
H
4
O
3
)
n
c bi lin kt : a = n + 1
Hay : (C
6/3
H
8/3
O
2
)
3n/2
axit c 3n/2 nhm chc do : n + 1 =
3
2
2
n
n
Cng thc phn t ca M l C
6
H
8
O
6
hay C
3
H
5
(COOH)
3
. Vy cng thc cu to ca M l :


HOOC CH
2
CH
2
CH COOH
COOH
HOOC CH
2 CH CH
2
COOH
COOH
HOOC
CH
3
CH CH
2
COOH
COOH
HOOC CH
CH
3
CH
COOH
COOH
HOOC C
COOH
COOH
CH
2
CH
3
0,25
0,25
0,5
Cng thc phn t N c dng (C
2
H
3
O
3
)
m
(1)
Hay C
2m-y
H
3m-(x+y)
(OH)
x
(COOH)
y
(2)
T (1) bi lin kt a =
2 2
2 2
m m
y
+ +
(a)
T (1) v (2) ta c : 3m = x + 2y (theo O) (b)
Do N l ancol nn x 2m y (c)
T (a), (b), (c)
2 y
0,25
0,25
Khi y =1 theo (a) m = 0

v nghim
Khi y = 2 theo (a) m =2 suy ra x = 2
Vy cng thc phn t N l : C
4
H
6
O
6
hay C
2
H
2
(OH)
2
(COOH)
2
Ta c cng thc cu to ca N l :

HOOC CH
OH
CH
OH
COOH HOOC
C
COOH
OH
CH
2
OH
v
0,5
2 2,0
Do bi lin kt a = 2 v
2 5
2
B C H OH
n n
= 2n
A
Vy A l este no hai chc cha hai gc axit ging nhau v 1 gc C
2
H
5

B c to ra t glucoz, c phn ng trng ngng


Do cng thc cu to ca B l :
0,25
0,25


CH
3
CH COOH
OH
A c cng thc cu to l :
0,5
Cc phng trnh phn ng :
0,5
C
6
H
12
O
6

menlactic
2CH
3
CH(OH) COOH

0,25
0,25
Cu 4
6,0
1 1,0
Sp xp cc cht trn theo th t K
a
tng dn :

CH
2
CH CH
2
OH OH OH
OH
CH
3
OH
OH
NO
2
NO
2
O
2
N
OH
NO
2
K
a


6,7.10
-11
1,28.10
-10

7,0.10
-8
7,0.10
-5
4,2.10
-1

0,5
Gii thch : Glixerol c tnh axit yu hn cc phenol l do phenol c vng benzen ht electron lm
tng phn cc ca lin kt OH. Tnh axit ca phenol mnh hay yu ph thuc vo nhm th lin
kt vi vng benzen. Nu nhm th y electron (nhm CH
3
) lm gim phn cc lin kt OH.
Nn tnh axit gim. Nu nhm th ht electron (nhm NO
2
) lm tng phn cc lin kt OH.
Axit picric c tnh axit mnh nht v c 3 nhm (NO
2
) ht electron; p- cresol c tnh axit yu hn
cc phenol cn li v c nhm CH
3
y electron.
0,5
2 2,0
Trch mu th, sau cho nc vo 6 cht lng ta c hai nhm :
+ Nhm tan : axit acrilic, axit fomic, axit propionic
+ Nhm khng tan : benzen, anilin, xiclo hexen
0,25
0,25
Cho dung dch brom vo 3 cht tan
Axit acrilic lm mt mu dung dch brom, axit fomic lm mt mu dung dch brom v c kh thot
0,25

ra. Axit propionic khng lm mt mu dung dch brom.
CH
2
= CH COOH + Br
2
CH
2
Br CHBr COOH
HCOOH + Br
2
CO
2
+ H
2
O
0,25
0,25
Cho dung dch brom vo 3 cht khng tan : bezen to thnh hai cht lng phn lp.
Anilin to kt ta trng
C
6
H
5
-NH
2
+ 3Br
2
C
6
H
2
(Br
3
)NH
2 + 3HBr
Xiclo hexen lm mt mu dung dch brom

Br
Br
Br
2
0,25
0,25
0,25
3 3,0
2 3
Na CO
n
=
3,18
0, 03
106
mol ;
2
CO
n
=
2, 464
0,11
22, 4

mol
X + NaOH hai mui ca natri + H
2
O (1)
Hai mui ca natri + O
2

0
t
Na
2
CO
3
+ CO
2 + H
2
O (2)
S mol Na = 0,06 mol; S mol C = 0,03 + 0,11 = 0,14 mol
0,25
0,25
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng (1) ta c :
2 2 2
i
0, 72
(2, 76 2, 4) 4, 44 0, 72 0, 04
18
X NaOH mu H O H O H O
m m m m m gam n mol + + +
Tng s mol H trong nc = 2 s mol H
2
O = 2.(0,04 +0,05) = 0,18 mol
S mol H trong 0,06 mol NaOH = 0,06 mol
S mol H trong X l : 0,18 0,06 = 0,12 mol
Khi lng O trong X l : 2,76 (0,14.12 +0,12) = 0,96 (gam) hay n
O
= 0,06 mol
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
Ta c t l : n
C
: n
H :
n
O
= 0,14 : 0,12 : 0,06 = 7 : 6 :3
Vy cng thc phn t ca X l : C
7
H
6
O
3

Do : n
X =
2, 76
0, 02
138
mol
;
0, 06
3
0, 02
NaOH
X
n
n

V X c bi lin kt a = 5
Nn cng thc cu to ca X l :


OOCH
OH
OOCH
OH
OO
OH
CH
0,75
0,75
Ghi ch : - Th sinh lm cch khc nhng ng kt qu vn cho im ti a
- Phng trnh ha hc ghi thiu iu kin tr i s im.
S GD& T NGH AN K THI CHN HC SINH GII TNH LP 12
NM HC 2009 - 2010

Mn thi: HO HC - THPT BNG A
Thi gian: 180 pht (khng k thi gian giao )

thi chnh thc
( thi gm 02 trang)
Cu 1 (2,5 im).
Phenol v anilin u phn ng vi dung dch nc brom, nhng toluen th khng.
1. T kt qu thc nghim c th rt ra kt lun g?
2. Anisol (metylphenyl ete) c phn ng vi dung dch nc brom khng ? Gii thch.
3. Nu cho dung dch nc brom ln lt vo tng cht ptoludin (paminotoluen),
pcresol (pmetylphenol) theo t l mol 1 : 2 th thu c sn phm chnh l g?
Cu 2 (2,5 im).
Sc kh A vo dung dch cha cht B ta c rn C mu vng v dung dch D.
Kh X c mu vng lc tc dng vi kh A to ra C v F. Nu X tc dng vi kh A trong nc to
ra Y v F, ri thm BaCl
2
vo dung dch th c kt ta trng. A tc dng vi dung dch cht G l mui
nitrat kim loi to ra kt ta H mu en. t chy H bi oxi ta c cht lng I mu trng bc.
Xc nh A, B, C, F, G, H, I, X, Y v vit phng trnh ha hc ca cc phn ng.
Cu 3 (4,0 im)
1. Cht X c cng thc phn t C
8
H
15
O
4
N. T X c hai bin ha sau :
C
8
H
15
O
4
N
0
t , OH dungdichNa
C
5
H
7
O
4
NNa
2
+ CH
4
O + C
2
H
6
O
C
5
H
7
O
4
NNa
2

l dungdichHC
C
5
H
10
O
4
NCl + NaCl
Bit: C
5
H
7
O
4
NNa
2
c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh v c nhm NH
2
v tr . Xc nh cng
thc cu to c th c ca X v vit phng trnh ha hc ca cc phn ng theo hai bin ha trn di
dng cng thc cu to.
2. Hp cht A c cng thc C
9
H
8
c kh nng kt ta vi dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
v phn ng
vi brom trong CCl
4
theo t l mol 1 : 2. un nng A vi dung dch KMnO
4
ti khi ht mu tm, ri
thm lng d dung dch HCl c vo hn hp sau phn ng thy c kt ta trng l axit benzoic ng
thi gii phng kh CO
2
v Cl
2
. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A v vit phng trnh ha hc ca
cc phn ng xy ra.
Cu 4 (3,0 im).
Cho hn hp Y gm ba kim loi K, Zn, Fe vo nc d thu c 6,72 lt kh (ktc) v cn li cht
rn B khng tan c khi lng 14,45 gam. Cho B vo 100 ml CuSO
4
3M, thu c cht rn C c khi
lng 16,00 gam. Xc nh khi lng mi kim loi trong Y?
Cu 5 (4,0 im)
1. T kh thin nhin v cc cht v c cn thit, thit b phn ng y . Hy vit phng trnh
iu ch cc cht sau : mH
2
NC
6
H
4
COONa v pH
2
NC
6
H
4
COONa
2. Hai hp cht thm A v B l ng phn c cng thc phn t C
n
H
2n-8
O
2
. Hi B c khi lng
ring 5,447 gam/lt ( ktc). A c kh nng phn ng vi Na gii phng H
2
v c phn ng trng
gng. B phn ng c vi NaHCO
3
gii phng kh CO
2
.
a) Vit cng thc cu to ca A v B.
b) Trong cc cu to ca A c cht A
1
c nhit si nh nht. Hy xc nh cng thc cu to
ng ca A
1
.
c) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng chuyn ha ocrezol thnh A
1
.
Cu 6 (4,0 im).
1. Cho 20,80 gam hn hp Fe, FeS, FeS
2
, S tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
c nng d thu c V
lt kh NO
2
(l sn phm kh duy nht, o ktc) v dung dch A. Cho A tc dng vi dung dch
Ba(OH)
2
d thu c 91,30 gam kt ta. Tnh V?

2. Trong mt bnh kn A dung tch 1 lt 500
0
C, hng s cn bng ca phn ng tng hp HI t H
2
v I
2
bng 46.
a)Tnh nng mol cc cht trng thi cn bng? Bit ban u trong bnh A c 1mol H
2
v 1mol
I
2
b) Nu ban u cho 2 mol HI vo bnh A nhit 500
0
C th nng cc cht lc cn bng l bao
nhiu?
c) Nu h ang trng thi cn bng cu a, ta thm vo h 1,5 mol H
2
v 2,0 mol HI th cn bng
dch chuyn theo chiu no?
(Cho H=1, C=12, N=14, O=16, Na=23, S=32, K =39, Fe=56; Zn=65, Ba =137)
- - - Ht - -
H v tn th sinh:.................................................................S bo danh:.......................
S GD& T NGH AN K THI CHN HC SINH GII TNH LP 12
NM HC 2009 - 2010
HNG DN V BIU IM CHM THI CHNH THC
Mn thi: HO HC - THPT BNG A
(Hng dn v biu im gm 06 trang)



Cu Ni dung im
Cu 1 2,5
Khi cho phenol, anilin, toluen vo nc brom, cc cht phn ng vi nc brom l
:
NH
2
+ 3Br
2
NH
2
Br Br
Br
+ 3HBr

+ 3Br
2
Br Br
Br
+ 3HBr
OH
OH
T kt qu c th rt ra kt lun : Kh nng phn ng ca phenol v anilin
mnh hn nhiu so vi toluen. T suy ra cc nhm NH
2
, -OH c tc dng hot
ha nhn thm mnh hn nhm CH
3
0,25
0,25
0,25
Cu to ca phenol, anisol l:
O H O CH
3
So snh cu to ca phenol v anisol ta thy anisol c nhm CH
3
y electron nn
nhm OCH
3
y electron mnh hn nhm OH, lm mt electron trong vng
benzen ca anisol ln hn ca phenol. V vy anisol phn ng vi nc brom.
+ 3Br
2
Br Br
Br
+ 3HBr
OCH
3
OCH
3
0,25
0,25
0,25
3
CH
3
+2Br
2
+2HBr
NH
2
CH
3
NH
2
Br Br
CH
3
+2Br
2
+2HBr
CH
3
Br Br
OH
OH
0,5
0,5
Cu 2 2,5
A : H
2
S; B : FeCl
3
; C : S ; F : HCl ; G : Hg(NO
3
)
2
; H : HgS ; I : Hg ; X : Cl
2
; Y :
H
2
SO
4
Th sinh c th khng lp lun ch cn xc nh ng cc cht v vit phng trnh
cho im ti a (B ngoi FeCl
3
c th ly cc cht khc)
Phng trnh ha hc ca cc phn ng :
H
2
S + 2FeCl
3
2FeCl
2
+ S + 2HCl (1)
Cl
2
+ H
2
S S + 2HCl (2)
2,5
Ghi ch : - Th sinh lm cch khc nhng ng vn cho im ti a,
- Phng trnh ha hc ghi thiu iu kin tr i s im.
S GD&T NGH AN K THI CHN HC SINH GII TNH LP 12
NM HC 2008 - 2009
Mn thi: HO HC 12 THPT- BNG B
Thi gian lm bi: 180 pht
Cu1 (2,5 im): Vit tt c cc ng phn ca C
3
H
5
Br
3
. Cho cc ng phn ln lt tc dng vi dd
NaOH un nng. Hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng.
Cu 2 (1,5 im): Cho cc dd: NaOH, HCl, CH
3
COONa, H
2
NCH
2
COOH, CH
3
NH
2
, NH
4
Cl. Hy vit cc
phng trnh phn ng khi cho cc cht tc dng vi nhau tng i mt
Cu 3 (2,5 im). T nguyn liu ban u l than, vi, nc, ta iu ch c kh A. T A c s
chuyn ha sau:
A B D E F G H I
Bit cht E khng cha oxi, khi t chy hon ton E cn 3,808 dm
3
O
2
(ktc), sn phm sinh ra c
0,73 g HCl, cn CO
2
v hi nc to ra theo t l th tch V(CO
2
) : V(H
2
O) =6:5 (o cng iu kin
nhit , p sut). Tm cng thc cu to cc cht hu c ng vi ch ci c trong s v vit cc
phng trnh phn ng.
Cu 4 (1,5 im). Polime A c to ra do phn ng ng trng hp gia but-1,3-dien v stiren. Bit
6,234 g A phn ng va ht vi 3,807 g Br
2
. Tnh t l s mt xch but-1,3-dien v stiren trong polime
trn. Vit cng thc cu to mt on mch bt k ca A tha mn t l trn.
Cu 5 (2,0 im). Cht A c cng thc phn t C
5
H
6
O
4
l este hai chc, cht B c cng thc phn t
C
4
H
6
O
2
l este n chc. Cho A v B ln lt tc dng vi dd NaOH d, sau c cn cc dung dch
ri ly cht rn thu c tng ng nung vi NaOH (c mt ca CaO) th trong mi trng hp ch
thu c mt kh duy nht l CH
4
. Hy tm cng thc cu to ca A, B v vit cc phng trnh phn
ng xy ra.
Cu 6 (2,0 im). C th dng dd nc Br
2
phn bit cc kh sau y: NH
3
, H
2
S, C
2
H
4
, SO
2
ng trong
cc bnh ring bit c khng? Nu c hy nu hin tng quan st, vit phng trnh phn ng
gii thch.
Cu 7 (2,5 im). FeO l oxit baz, va c tnh oxi ha, va c tnh kh. Al(OH)
3
l cht lng tnh.
CaCO
3
va c tnh baz va khng bn nhit. HCl l axit c tnh kh. NH
3
c tnh baz yu hn
KOH. Hy vit phng trnh phn ng (dng phn t) minh ha.
Cu 8 (1,5 im). Ly mt si dy in gt b v nha bng PVC ri t li ng trn ngn la n cn
th thy ngn la c mu xanh l m. Sau mt lc, ngn la mt mu xanh. Nu p li dy ng ang
nng vo v nha trn ri t th ngn la li c mu xanh l m. Gii thch hin tng. Vit cc
phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
Cu 9 (1,0 im). Kt qu xc nh s mol ca cc ion trong dung dch X nh sau: Na
+
c 0,1 mol; Ba
2+
c 0,2 mol; HCO
3
-
c 0,05 mol; Cl
-
c 0,36 mol. Hi kt qu trn ng hay sai? Gii thch.
Cu 10 (3,0 im). Ha tan hon ton hn hp A gm FeS v FeCO
3
bng dung dch HNO
3
c, nng thu
c hn hp B mu nu nht gm hai kh X v Y c t khi i vi H
2
l 22,8 v dung dch C. Bit
FeS phn ng vi dung dch HNO
3
xy ra nh sau:
FeS + HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ H
2
SO
4
+ NO
2
+ H
2
O
a. Tnh t l % theo khi lng cc mui trong A
b. Lm lnh hn hp kh B nhit thp hn c hn hp D gm ba kh X, Y, Z c t khi so vi
H
2
l 28,5. Tnh thnh phn % theo th tch cc kh trong D
c. -11
0
C hn hp D chuyn thnh hn hp E gm hai kh. Tnh t khi ca E so vi H
2

Bit: C=12; H=1; O=16; N=14; Fe=56; Br= 80; S = 32;
-------------Ht-------------

chnh thc
600
0
c
Than
-HCl
+dd Cl
2 +NaOH
H
2
SO
4
c
170
0
C
H v tn th sinh:....................................................................S bo danh:.....................
S GD&T NGH AN
K THI CHN HC SINH GII TNH LP 12
Nm hc 2008 - 2009
HNG DN V BIU IM CHM CHNH THC
(Hng dn v biu im chm gm 05 trang)
Mn: HO HC 12 THPT - BNG B
Cu Ni dung
Biu
im
1 2,5
Cc ng phn ca C
3
H
5
Br
3
l:
CH
2
Br-CHBr-CH
2
Br (1) CH
2
Br-CH
2
-CHBr
2
(2)
CHBr
2
-CHBr-CH
3
(3) CH2Br-CBr
2
-CH
3
(4)
CH
3
-CH
2
-CBr
3
(5)
5CT x
0,25
=1,25
CH
2
Br-CHBr-CH
2
Br + 3NaOH CH
2
OH-CHOH-CH
2
OH
+3NaBr
CH
2
Br-CH
2
-CHBr
2
+ 3NaOH CH
2
OH-CH
2
-CHO + 3NaBr +
H
2
O
CHBr
2
-CHBr-CH
3
+ 3NaOH CH
3
-CHOH-CHO +3NaBr +
H
2
O
CH
2
Br-CBr
2
-CH
3
+ 3NaOH CH
2
OH-CO-CH
3
+ 3NaBr +
H
2
O
CH
3
-CH
2
-CBr
3
+ 4NaOH CH
3
COONa + 3NaBr + 2H
2
O
5p x
0,25
=1,25
2 1,5
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H
2
O (1)
NaOH + H
2
NCH
2
COOH H
2
NCH
2
COONa + H
2
O (2)
NaOH + NH
4
Cl NaCl + NH
3
+ H
2
O (3)
HCl + CH
3
COONa CH
3
COOH + NaCl (4)
HCl + CH
3
NH
2
CH
3
NH
3
Cl (5)
HCl + H
2
NCH
2
COOH NH
3
ClCH
2
COOH (6)
6p x
0,25
=1,5
3 2,5
Xc nh cht E:
2
3, 808
0,17
22, 4
O
n
mol;
0,73
0,02
36,5
HCl
n
mol
Theo gi thit, cht E cha 3 nguyn t C, H, Cl nn oxi c trong
CO
2
, H
2
O bng lng oxi tham gia phn ng (theo nh lut bo
ton khi lng)
Nu coi s mol CO
2
= 6a th s mol H
2
O = 5a
Ta c 6a. 2 + 5a = 0,17.2

a=0,02
Suy ra s mol CO
2
= 6a = 0,12

s mol C = 0,12
S mol H
2
O = 5a = 0,1

s mol H = 0,2
Xc
nh
c
cng
thc
phn
t
cht E
cho
0,5

S mol HCl = 0,02

s mol H = s mol HCl = 0,02


Tng s mol H = 0,2 + 0,02 = 0,22
T l C:H:Cl = 0,12:0,22:0,02 = 6 : 11 : 1
Cng thc n gin ca E l: C
6
H
11
Cl. Theo s cho, cng
thc ca E phi l C
6
H
11
Cl
Tm cng thc cc cht hu c nu trong s v vit phng
trnh phn ng
CaCO
3
CaO + CO
2
(1)
CaO + 3C CaC
2
+ CO (2)
CaC
2
+ 2H
2
O C
2
H
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
(3)
(A)
3C
2
H
2
(4)
(B)
+ 3H
2
(5)

(D)

+ Cl
2
+ HCl (6)
(E)

+ + HCl (7)
(F)
+ Cl
2
(8)
(G)
+ 2NaOH + 2NaCl (9)
(H)
+ 2H
2
O (10)
hoc + 2H
2
O


hoc + 2H
2
O
im
Xc
nh 8
cng
thc
cu
to
cho 1
im.
Vit
c
10
phn
ng
cho 1
im.
Nu
khng
xc
nh E
m
vn
hon
thnh
s
th tr
0,5
im

t
0
l in
than
600
0
Ni
t
0
as
Cl
Cl
kim
trong ancol
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
t
0
OH
OH
OH
OH
H
2
SO
4
c
180
0
c
(I)

4 1,5
Gi A l (C
4
H
6
)
n
-(C
8
H
8
)
m
. Phng trnh phn ng vi Br
2
(-CH
2
-CH=CH-CH
2
)
n
(CH
2
-CH-)
m
+ nBr
2
0,5
Theo phng trnh c (54n + 104m) g cn 160n g Br
2

Theo d kin 6,324 g cn 3,807 g Br
2

Ta c
54 104 160
6,324 3,807
n m n +

1
2
n
m

0,5
Cng thc cu to 1 on mch ca A:
-CH
2
-CH=CH-CH
2
-CH-CH
2
-CH-CH
2
-
0,5
5 2
Cc cu to tho mn ca A v cc phng trnh phn ng:
CH
2
-COO-CH
2
hoc
COO-CH
2
Cu to ca B: CH
3
-COOCH=CH
2
Vit
c 3
cng
thc
cu to
cho
0,75
im
Cc phn ng:
CH
2
-COO-CH
2
+ 2NaOH CH
2
-COONa + C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
(1)
COO-CH
2
COONa
+ 2NaOH CH
2
-COONa + CH
3
CHO + H
2
O
(2)

COONa
CH
3
COOCH=CH
2
+ NaOH CH
3
COONa + CH
3
CHO (3)
CH
2
-COONa +2NaOH CH
4
+ 2Na
2
CO
3
(4)
COONa
CH
3
COONa + NaOH CH
4
+ Na
2
CO
3
(5)
Vit
c 5
phn
g trnh
phn
ng
cho
1,25
im

C
6
H
5
C
6
H
5
CH
2
COO
COO
CH-CH
3
CH
2
COO
COO
CH-CH
3
CaO
t
0
CaO
t
0
(-CH
2
-CHBr-CHBr-CH
2
)
n
(CH
2
-CH-)
m


6 2
C th dng dd nc Br
2
nhn bit cc kh , c th:
. NH
3
: dd Br
2
mt mu, c kh khng mu khng mi thot ra
2NH
3
+ 3Br
2
N
2
+ 6HBr
Hoc 8NH
3
+ 3Br
2
N
2
+ 6NH
4
Br
0,5
. H
2
S: dd Br
2
mt mu, c kt ta mu vng
H
2
S + Br
2
2HBr + S
0,5
. C
2
H
4
: dd brom mt mu, to cht lng phn lp
C
2
H
4
+ Br
2
C
2
H
4
Br
2
0,5
. SO
2
: dd brom mt mu, to dd trong sut ng nht
SO
2
+ Br
2
+ 2H
2
O 2HBr + H
2
SO
4
0,5
7 2,5
FeO + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2
O
FeO + CO Fe + CO
2
3FeO + 10HNO
3
3Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 5H
2
O
Al(OH)
3
+ 3HCl AlCl
3
+ 3H
2
O
Al(OH)
3
+ NaOH Na[Al(OH)
4
]
CaCO
3
+ 2HCl CO
2
+ H
2
O + CaCl
2
CaCO
3
CaO + CO
2
KOH + NH
4
Cl KCl + NH
3
+ H
2
O
HCl + NH
3
NH
4
Cl
4HCl + MnO
2
MnCl
2
+ Cl
2
+ 2H
2
O
10 p
x 0,25
= 2,5
8 1,5
Khi gt b v PVC, li ng t nhiu vn cn PVC nn khi t s c
qu trnh sinh ra CuCl
2
, CuCl
2
phn tn vo ngn la, ion Cu
2+
to mu
xanh l m c trng. Khi ht CuCl
2
(ht PVC) ngn la li khng mu.
Nu cho dy ng p vo PVC th hin tng lp li
0,5
Cc phn ng: PVC chy:
(-CH
2
-CHCl-)
n
+ 2,5nO
2
2nCO
2
+ nH
2
O + nHCl
0,5
2Cu + O
2
2CuO
0,25
2HCl + CuO CuCl
2
+ H
2
O
(Nu hc sinh vit Cu + HCl th khng cho im)
0,25

t
0
t
0
t
0
t
0
t
0
9 1
Trong dd X tng in tch dng: 0,1 + 0,2.2 = 0,5
Trong dd X tng in tch m: 0,05 + 0,36 = 0,41
0,5
Kt qu trn l sai v tng in tch dng khng bng tng in tch
m
0,5
10 3
a Theo ra th hn hp kh B phi l NO
2
v CO
2
theo phn ng sau 0,25
FeS + 12HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ H
2
SO
4
+9NO
2

+ 5H
2
O
FeCO
3
+ 4HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ CO
2

+NO
2

+ 2H
2
O
0.5
t nFeS=a (mol), nFeCO
3
= b (mol) suy ra nNO
2
=9a + b, nCO
2
= b 0,25
Ta c:
46(9 ) 44
22,8
2(9 2 )
a b b
a b
+ +

+

a:b=1:3
nFeS : nFeCO
3
= 1:3
0,25
T l khi lng:
3
88 20,18%
348 79,82%
FeS
FeCO

0,25
b Lm lnh B c phn ng sau:
2NO
2
N
2
O
4
khi
2 4
92
N O
M
, lm
M
= 57
0,25
Gi x l s mol N
2
O
4
c trong hn hp D
Trong D gm: (9a + b) - 2x = 4b -2x mol NO
2
, x mol N
2
O
4
, b mol CO
2
0,25
Suy ra
46(4b-2x)+92x+44b
=57
(4b-2x+x+b)
x=b
0,25
Tng s mol trong D =4b gm NO
2
= 2b chim 50%, N
2
O
4
=b chim
25%, CO
2
=b chim 25%
0,25
C -11
0
c phn ng: 2NO
2
N
2
O
4
xy ra hon ton
Hn hp E gm N
2
O
4
v CO
2
trong nN
2
O
4
=2b; nCO
2
=b
0,25
T khi i vi H
2
:
92.2 44
38
2( 2 )
b b
b b
+

+
0,25
----------------------------------------------
Ch : Hc sinh gii theo cch khc nu ng vn cho im ti a.
S GD&T NGH
AN
K THI CHN HC SINH GII TNH
NM HC 2007-2008
Mn thi: HO HC LP 12 THPT - BNG A
Thi gian: 180 pht (khng k thi gian giao )
Cu 1 (5,0 im):

chnh thc
1. Nu hin tng, vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong cc trng hp sau:
a) Trn dung dch Na
2
CO
3
vi dung dch FeCl
3
.
b) Sc kh H
2
S n bo ho vo dung dch FeCl
3
.
c) Cho ur vo dung dch Ba(OH)
2
.
2. Vit cc qu trnh xy ra cc in cc v phng trnh in phn cc dung dch sau:
a) BaCl
2
(c mng ngn)
b) CuSO
4

c) K
2
SO
4
3. Gii thch hin tng st ty, tn b n mn trong khng kh m.
Cu 2 (7,0 im).
1. Cc cht hu c A, B, C, D c cng cng thc phn t C
4
H
6
O
4
u phn ng vi dung dch
NaOH theo t l mol 1:2. Trong :
- A, B u to ra mt mui, mt ru.
- C, D u to ra mt mui, mt ru v nc.
Bit rng khi t chy mui do A, C to ra th trong sn phm chy khng c nc. Xc nh
A, B, C, D v vit phng trnh phn ng vi NaOH.
2. C th tn ti bao nhiu loi lin kt hyr trong ru etylic c ho tan phenol. Vit cng
thc biu din cc mi lin kt ny v cho bit lin kt no bn nht, lin kt no km bn
nht? Gii thch.
3. Cho 9,2g mt hp cht hu c n chc X tc dng va vi dung dch cha 0,2mol
Ag
2
O trong NH
3
thu c 21,6 g Ag. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X. Vit phng trnh
phn ng ho hc xy ra.
Cu 3 (5,0 im). Cho 39,84g hn hp F gm Fe
3
O
4
v kim loi M vo dung dch HNO
3
un
nng, khuy u hn hp phn ng hon ton thu c 4,48 lt kh NO
2
l sn phm kh
duy nht ( ktc), dung dch G v 3,84g kim loi M. Cho 3,84g kim loi M vo 200ml dung
dch H
2
SO
4
0,5M v KNO
3
0,5M khuy u th thu c dung dch H, kh NO duy nht. Cho
dung dch NH
3
d vo dung dch G thu c kt ta K. Nung K trong khng kh n khi
lng khng i thu c 24g cht rn R.
a) Tm kim loi M (bit M c ho tr khng i trong cc phn ng trn).
b) C cn cn thn dung dch H thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
Cu 4 (3,0 im).
1. xi ho mt ru X bi xi c bt ng lm xc tc, c cht kh Y. xi ho Y vi xc
tc Pt thu c axt Z. Cho Z tc dng vi xt c mui T. Cho T tc dng vi dung dch
Ag
2
O/ NH
3
c Ag kim loi. Tm cng thc cu to ca X, Y, Z, T. Vit cc phng trnh
phn ng.
2. Trn Y vi mt anht P c 5,9g ri un nng nh vi mt lng d dung dch Ag
2
O
trong NH
3
thu c 2,24 lt CO
2
( ktc) v 64,8g Ag. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca P.
( Cho Fe = 56; Al = 27; Cu = 64; N = 14; O = 16; H = 1; Ag = 108, Zn = 65, Mg=24, C =
12, Pb = 207, K = 39)
Th sinh khng c s dng bt c ti liu g.
--------------Ht -------------
S GD& T NGH AN K THI CHN HC SINH GII TNH LP 12
NM HC 2009 - 2010

Mn thi: HO HC - THPT BNG A
Thi gian: 180 pht (khng k thi gian giao )
Cu 1 (4 im).

thi d b
( thi gm 02 trang)
Ha tan 48,8 gam hn hp A gm Cu v mt oxit st trong HNO
3
d thu c dung dch B
v 6,72 lt kh NO (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. C cn dung dch B thu c 147,8 gam
hn hp hai mui.
1. Xc nh cng thc oxit st
2. Cho 48,8 gam hn hp A trn vo 400 ml dung dch HCl 2M cho n khi cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch C v cht rn D. Cho C tc dng vi dung dch
AgNO
3
d thu c cht rn E. Tnh khi lng ca E
3. Tnh th tch NO duy nht (ktc) thu c khi cho D tc dng vi HNO
3
d
Cu 2 ( 4 im).
t chy hon ton 9,0 gam mt axit cacboxylic A thu c 6,72 lt CO
2
(ktc) v 5,4
gam H
2
O
1. Xc nh cng thc cu to v gi tn A
2. Cho A tc dng vi hn hp 2 ancol n chc, mch h l ng ng k tip nhau thu
c 8,0 gam hn hp este. Cho ton b este ny tc dng vi NaOH va thu c
8,15 gam mui. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca 2 ancol
Cu 3 ( 3 im.
un nng 28,75 gam etanol vi H
2
SO
4
c 170
0
C. Cho ton b sn phm thu c qua
bnh 1 ng CuSO
4
khan, sau qua bnh 2 ng dung dch KOH c d, cui cng qua bnh
3 ng dung dch Br
2
d trong dung mi CCl
4
. Sau th nghim khi lng bnh 3 tng 10,5
gam. Li cho dung dch H
2
SO
4
long d tc dng vi dung dch bnh 2 thu c hn hp kh
A, A c kh nng lm mt mu dung dch Br
2
, KMnO
4
long
1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra
2. Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng to thnh cht hp th bnh 3
Cu 4 ( 3 im).
Trong phng th nghim c 2 dung dch cha bit nng l NaHSO
4
v Na
2
CO
3
. Ngi ta
tin hnh cc th nghim sau:
Th nghim 1: Cho t t 100 gam dung dch NaHSO
4
vo 100 gam dung dch Na
2
CO
3
thu
c 198,9 gam dung dch A
Th nghim 2: Cho t t 100 gam dung dch Na
2
CO
3
vo 100 gam dung dch NaHSO
4
thu
c 197,8 gam dung dch B
Th nghim 3: Cho t t 50 gam dung dch Na
2
CO
3
vo 100 gam dung dch NaHSO
4
thu
c 150 gam dung dch C
1. Hy gii thch kt qu cc th nghim trn
2. Tnh C% ca 2 dung dch ban u
Cu 5 ( 3 im).
Hp cht hu c X no mch h, phn t cha mt chc OH v chc COOH, c cng thc
(C
4
H
6
O
5
)
n

1. Xc nh cng thc phn t v vit cc ng phn cu to c th c ca X.
2. Xc nh cng thc cu to ng ca X, bit X tch nc cho hai sn phm ng phn
Y, Z. Vit cng thc cu to ca Y, Z.
3. So snh nhit nng chy ca Y, Z gii thch.
4. So snh tnh axit ca Y v Z. Gii thch
Cu 6 ( 3 im).
Dung dch A l dung dch hn hp CH
3
COOH 0,1M; CH
3
COONa 0,1M
1. Tnh pH ca dung dch A
2. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c khi
a) Cho 0,01 mol HCl vo 1 lt dung dch A
b) Cho 0,01 mol NaOH vo 1 lt dung dch A
Gi s th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k

(Cho H=1, C=12, N=14, O=16, Na=23, S=32, K =39, Fe=56; Zn=65, Ba =137)
- - - Ht - - -
H v tn th sinh:................................................................... S bo danh:...................
S GD&T NGH AN K THI CHN HC VIN GII TNH LP 12
NM HC 2008 - 2009
Mn thi: HO HC 12 B TC THPT
Thi gian lm bi: 180 pht
Cu 1 (1,5 im). Cho cc dd: NaOH, HCl, CH
3
COONa, H
2
NCH
2
COOH, CH
3
NH
2
, NH
4
Cl. Hy vit cc
phng trnh phn ng khi cho cc cht tc dng vi nhau tng i mt
Cu2 (3,75 im). Vit tt c cc ng phn ca C
3
H
5
Br
3
. Cho cc ng phn ln lt tc dng vi dd
NaOH un nng. Hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng.
Cu 3 (3,25 im). Cc cht sau: Na, H
2
S, CO
2
, Cl
2
, CH
4
, HCHO, C
6
H
12
O
6
(glucoz) c tnh xi ho hay
kh? Mi tnh cht vit mt phng trnh phn ng minh ho.
Cu 4 (2,0 im). Cho cc hp cht sau: NH
3
, C
6
H
5
NH
2
, CH
3
NH
2
, C
6
H
5
OH, (CH
3
)
2
NH. Hy sp xp tnh
baz theo th t tng dn. Gii thch ngn gn.
Cu 5 (1,5 im). Kt qu xc nh s mol ca cc ion trong dung dch X nh sau: Na
+
c 0,1mol, Ba
2+
c 0,2mol, HCO
3
-
c 0,05mol, Cl
-
c 0,36mol. Hi kt qu trn ng hay sai? Gii thch.
Cu 6 (4,0 im). t chy hon ton 1,06g hn hp 2 ancol no, n chc, mch h l ng ng k tip
nhau ri cho ton b sn phm vo 1 lt dung dch NaOH 0,2M. Sau th nghim nng dung dch
NaOH cn li 0,1M (gi s th tch dung dch khng thay i).
a. Xc nh cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to v gi tn 2 ancol.
b. Xc nh % theo khi lng mi ancol.
Cu 7 (4,0 im). Cho dung dch HNO
3
tc dng vi 2 kim loi nhm v magi, sau phn ng thu c
0,896 lt (ktc) hn hp 2 kh l NO v N
2
O (l sn phm kh duy nht) c t khi so vi hyr l
16,75.
a. Tnh % theo th tch ca mi kh.
b. Tnh s mol ion NO
3
-
to thnh trong mui.
Bit: C=12; H=1; O=16; Al = 27; Mg = 24; Na = 23.
-------------Ht-------------

chnh thc
S Gd&t Ngh an K thi chn hc vin gii tnh lp 12
Nm hc 2008 - 2009
hng dn v biu im Chm chnh thc
(Hng dn v biu im chm gm 03 trang)
Mn: Ha Hc - b tc thpt
---------------------------------------
Cu Ni dung im
1 1,5
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H
2
O (1)
NaOH + H
2
NCH
2
COOH H
2
NCH
2
COONa + H
2
O (2)
NaOH + NH
4
Cl NaCl + NH
3
+ H
2
O (3)
HCL + CH
3
COONa CH
3
COOH + NaCl (4)
HCL + CH
3
NH
2
CH
3
NH
3
Cl (5)
HCl + H
2
NCH
2
COOH NH
3
ClCH
2
COOH (6)
6 p x
0,25 =
1,25
2 3,75
Cc ng phn ca C
3
H
5
Br
3
l:
CH
2
Br-CHBr-CH
2
Br (1) CH
2
Br-CH
2
-CHBr
2
(2)
CHBr
2
-CHBr-CH
3
(3) CH2Br-CBr
2
-CH
3
(4)
CH
3
-CH
2
-CBr
3
(5)
5p x
0,5 =2,5
CH
2
Br-CHBr-CH
2
Br + 3NaOH CH
2
OH-CHOH-CH
2
OH
+3NaBr
CH
2
Br-CH
2
-CHBr
2
+ 3NaOH CH
2
OH-CH
2
-CHO +
3NaBr + H
2
O
CHBr
2
-CHBr-CH
3
+ 3NaOH CH
3
-CHOH-CHO +3NaBr
+ H
2
O
CH
2
Br-CBr
2
-CH
3
+ 3NaOH CH
2
OH-CO-CH
3
+ 3NaBr
+ H
2
O
CH
3
-CH
2
-CBr
3
+ 4NaOH CH
3
COONa + 3NaBr +
2H
2
O
5p x
0,25
=1,25
3 3,25
Cht c tnh kh: Na, H
2
S, CH
4
0,25
Cht c tnh oxi ho: CO
2
0,25
Cht va c tnh oxi ho va c tnh kh: Cl
2
, HCHO, C
6
H
12
O
6
,
(CH
4
)
0,5
2Na + Cl
2
2NaCl
(1)
2H
2
S + O
2
2S + 2H
2
O
(2)
CH
4
+ 2O
2
CO
2
+ 2H
2
O
(3)
CO
2
+ 2Mg 2MgO + C
(4)
Cl
2
+ 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H
2
O
(5)
HCHO + H
2
CH
3
OH
9 p x
0,25
=2,25

(6)
HCHO + 4AgNO
3
+ 6NH
3
+ 2H
2
O (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
+ 4Ag +
4NH
4
NO
3
(7)
CH
2
OH-(CHOH)
4
-CHO + H
2
CH
2
OH-(CHOH)
4
-CH
2
OH
(8)
CH
2
OH-(CHOH)
4
-CHO + 2AgNO
3
+ 3NH
3
+ H
2
O
CH
2
OH-(CHOH)
4
-COONH
4
+ 2Ag + 2NH
4
NO
3
(9)
4 2
C
6
H
5
OH < C
6
H
5
NH
2
< NH
3
<CH
3
NH
2
<CH
3
NHCH
3
1
GiI thch: C
6
H
5
OH khng c tnh baz, c tnh axit nn C
6
H
5
OH
tnh baz nh nht. Cc amin cn li c tnh baz. mnh yu
ca baz ph thuc vo mt e trn nguyn t Nit.
C
6
H
5
NH
2
c tnh baz nh hn NH
3
v vng benzen ht e lm
ngho e ca nit. Cc amin CH
3
NH
2
, CH
3
NHCH
3
c tnh baz
mnh hn NH
3
v gc ankyl y e v pha nit, lm giu e ca
nit.
CH
3
NHCH
3
: C tnh baz ln nht v c hai nhm -CH
3
y e
1
5 1.5
Tng tr s mol in tch dng trong dung dch X l:
0.1 x 1 + 0.2 x 2 = 0.5 (mol)
0.5
Tng tr s mol in tch m trong dung dch X l:
0.05 x 1 + 0.36 x 1= 0.41
0.5
Theo kt qu trn th tng tr s mol in tch dng > Tr s
mol in tch m nn kt qu trn l sai.
0.5
6 4,0
A
n hn hp kh =
0,896
22, 4
= 0,04 (mol) 0.25
M
hn hp kh = 16,75 x 2 = 33,5 0.25
gi s mol NO l x s mol N
2
O l 0.04 - x
30 44(0.04 )
M 33.5
0.04
x x +

0.5
x= 0.03 s mol NO l 0.03, s mol N
2
O l 0.01 0.5
% NO =
0.03
.100% 75%
0.04

%N
2
O = 100% - 75% = 25% 0.5
B
Al + 4HNO
3
Al(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 2H
2
O (1)
3Mg + 8HNO
3
3Mg(NO
3
)
2
+ 2NO + 4 H
2
O (2)
8Al + 30HNO
3
8Al(NO
3
)
3
+ 3N
2
O + 15H
2
O (3)
4Mg + 10HNO
3
4Mg(NO
3
)
2
+ N
2
O + 5H
2
O (4)
4x0.25=
1.0
Theo phng trnh (1), (2) th s mol NO
3
-
to mui = 3 x s mol
NO
0.25
Theo phng trnh (3), (4) th s mol NO
3
-
to mui = 8 x s mol
N
2
O
0.25
Tng s mol NO
3
-
to mui l: 3 x 0.03 + 8 x 0.04 = 0.17 (mol) 0.5

7 4
A Xc nh CTPT, CTCT v gi tn hai ancol
Gi cng thc trung bnh ca 2 ancol l
n 2n+1
C H OH
Phn ng:
n 2n+1
C H OH
+ 1,5
n
O
2

n
CO
2
+ (
n
+1)H
2
O (1)
0,25
CO
2
+ 2NaOH Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O (2)
0,25
nNaOH tham gia phn ng (2): 0,2 - 0,1 =0,1
theo (1) v (2): nCO
2
= 0,5 nNaOH phn ng = 0,05 mol
0,25
theo (1) n
n 2n+1
C H OH
=0,05:
n
.
Theo ra (14
n
+18) . 0,05 :
n
= 1,06


n
=2,5
0,5
Do 2 ancol l ng ng lin tip nn CTPT ca hai ancol l
C
2
H
5
OH v C
3
H
7
OH
0,5
CTCT v tn gi: CH
3
-CH
2
OH etanol
C
3
H
7
OH c hai cng thc: CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
OH
propan-1-ol
CH
3
-CHOH-CH
3
propan-2-ol
3CTCT
x 0,25
=0,75
tn gi
0,5
B Xc nh % khi lng: Gi x, y ln lt l s mol C
2
H
5
OH v
C
3
H
7
OH
Ta c h phng trnh
46 60 1, 06
0, 02
x y
x y
+

'
+

GiI h ta c x=y=0,01 mol


0,75
%C
2
H
5
OH=
46.0, 01
.100 43, 40%
1, 06

%C
2
H
5
OH=100 - 43,40 = 56,60%
0,25
Ch : Hc sinh gii theo cch khc nu ng vn cho im ti a.

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