A Human-Machine Interaction (HMI) process always occurs in a realistic context which is characterised by the plant or machine under control,

by the sociotechnical working environment and by the operator(s) in direct contact with the machine. A Human-Machine System can be defined as a composite, at any level of complexity, of personnel, procedures, materials, tools, equipment, facilities and software. The elements of this composite are used together in the intended operational or support environment to perform a given task or achieve a specific production, support, or mission requirement.

Architecture of Human-Machine Interaction

 Functions:
To develop a sound safety culture To influence the efficiency and reliability of human performance To create awareness and understanding of the hazards. To support the detection process of off-normal conditions and indicators of impinging risk. To protect from injury To support recovery from accidental conditions and restore normal operating state. To contain the consequences of the event To support the escape in case of out-of-control of accident.

Architecture of Human-Machine Interaction

STANDPOINT 1:
Goals of Human Machine System
Goals of HEM Prevention of accidents Recovery from accidents Containment of consequences Goals of UCD Effectiveness Efficiency Friendliness

STANDPOINT 2:
Concept of Human Machine System
Human-machine interaction as event embedded & dependent on socio-technical context and dynamic contingencies

STANDPOINT 5:
Measure of safety levels
Safety critical indicators as guiding elements of safety assessment

STANDPOINT 3:
Prospective and retrospective approaches Commonality of reference models of HMI Data and parameters: outcome of retrospective & input to prospective methods

STANDPOINT 4:
Areas of application Design Training Accident investigation Safety Assessment