Bi tp tng hp: ANKAN I.

Cc dng ton thng gp v ankan v phng php gii Dng ton: DA VO PHN NG CHY ANKAN Phng php cn nh Phn ng t chy c dng: 3n + 1 CnH2n+2 + O2 nCO2 + n+1H2O 2 Suy ra: ankan khi chy cho nCO2 < nH 2O nankan = nH 2O nCO 2 mtan g = mCO2 + mH 2O mkt nO2(pu)= nCO2 + 1/ 2nH 2O mgiam = mkt mCO2 + mH 2O

Cu 1. Oxi ha hon ton hydrocacbon X c 11,2 lt CO2 (kc) v 10,8 gam H2O. Xc nh CTCT v tn ca X bit clo ha X ch thu c mt dn xut monoclo duy nht. p s: C5H12 Cu 2. Oxi ha hon ton hydrocacbon X c 2,24 lt CO2 (kc) v 2,16 gam H2O. Xc nh CTCT v tn ca X bit clo ha X theo t l mol 1:1 to 4 sn phm th. p s: C5H12 Cu 3. t chy hon ton mt Hidrocacbon A thu c 2,24 lit CO2 (ktc) v 3,6g H2O. xc nh CTPT A p s: CH4 Cu 4. t chy hon ton mt Hidrocacbon X phi cn 11,2 lit Oxi (ktc), sau phn ng dn sn phm qua bnh nc vi trong d thu c 30 gam kt ta. Cng thc phn t ca X l p s C3H8 Cu 5. t chy hon ton mt Hidrocacbon X phi cn 1,456 lit Oxi (ktc), sau phn ng dn sn phm qua bnh ng H2SO4 c d th khi lng bnh tng 0,9 gam. Cng thc phn t ca X l p s C4H10 Cu 6. t chy hon ton mt Hidrocacbon X phi cn 1,792 lit Oxi (ktc), sau phn ng dn sn phm qua bnh nc vi trong d khi lng bnh tng 3,28 gam. Cng thc phn t ca X l p s C5H12 Cu 7. t chy Hidrocacbon A thu c 3 lit CO2 v 4 lit hi nc, o cng iu kin v nhit p sut. Xc nh CTPT A. p s C3H8 Cu 8. t chy hon ton 0,05 mol ankan A ri dn sn phm chy qua bnh cha nc vi trong d thu c 20 gam kt ta. sau th nghim khi lng bnh tng l. p s 13,3g Cu 9. t chy ht V lt (ktc) hidrocacbon X ri dn sn phm qua bnh cha dung dch Ba(OH)2 d. Sau th nghim thu c 7,88g kt ta, ng thi khi lng dung dch gim 5,22g. Gi tr ca V.p s: 0,224 lit Cu 10.t chy ht V lt (ktc) hidrocacbon X ri dn sn phm qua bnh cha nc vi trong d. Sau th nghim thu c 15 g kt ta, ng thi khi lng dung dch tng 10,2 g. Gi tr ca V.p s: 1,12 lit Dng ton: DA VO CACBBON TRUNG BNH 1/ Xt hn hp gm gm hai ankan: CnH2n + 2 : x mol CmH2m + 2 : y mol - Gi cng thc trung bnh ca hai ankan l: CnH2n + 2 : a mol (vi n l s cacbon trung bnh v a = x + y) n < n < m. Tm n n,m - C th tnh s mol hn hp (x, y) da vo n v phng php ng cho: CnH2n + 2 : x mol CmH2m + 2 : y mol
n m m = n n+ m 2 y mol n x mol m x = y

o Nu trong hn hp: nA = nB th n =

Cu 1. t chy hon ton hn hp A gm hai ankan thu c 3,36 lt CO2 (ktc) v 3,96 gam H2O. Tnh th tch oxi tham gia phn ng ( ktc) l Cu 2. Cho hn hp X gm 2 ankan ng ng lin tip c khi lng l 20,6 gam v c th tch bng th tch ca 14 gam kh nit ( cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Tm CTPT v % th tch ca mi ankan.

Cu 3. t chy hon ton V lt (kc) hn hp 2 hydrocacbon l ng ng lin tip nhau, sn phm chy t t cho qua bnh 1 ng CaCl2 khan v bnh 2 ng KOH d th thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 14,4 gam, bnh 2 tng 22 gam. Tm CTPT v % th tch ca mi hydrocacbon Cu 4. Cho hn hp X gm 2 ankan ng ng lin tip. t chy hon ton 4,12 gam hn hp X to ra 12,32 gam CO2. Tm CTPT v % th tch ca mi ankan. Cu 5. t chy hon ton hn hp 2 hydrocacbon l ng ng lin tip cn 1,35 mol O2 to thnh 0,8 mol CO2. CTPT ca 2 hydrocacbon? p s: C2H6 ; C3H8 Cu 6. t chy hon ton V lt (kc) hn hp 2 hydrocacbon l ng ng lin tip nhau, sn phm chy thu c c t l th tch CO2 v H2O l 12 : 23. Tm CTPT v % th tch ca mi hydrocacbon Cu 7. Hn hp A gm etan v propan. t chy m gam A thu c 8,96 lit CO2 (ktc) v 9,9 gam nc. Thnh phn % khi lng etan trong hn hp l: Cu 8. Hn hp X gm 2 ankan, phn t khi hn km nhau 28 vC. t chy hon ton 1,76 gam hn hp X cn 2,24 lt O2 ( 0oC ; 2 atm). Tm CTPT v % th tch ca mi ankan Cu 9. t chy hon ton hn hp 2 hydrocacbon l ng ng nhau to thnh 22 gam CO2 v 12,6 gam H2O . Xc nh CTPT ca 2 hydrocacbon bit s nguyn t Cacbon trong hai phn t gp i nhau. Cu 10. Hn hp B gm hai ankan c trn theo t l mol 1:2. t chy ht hn hp B thu c 8,96 lit CO2 (ktc) v 9,9 gam H2O. Cng thc phn t ca hai Hidrocacbon l: Dng ton: PHN NG CRACKINH 1/ Di tc dng ca nhit , xc tc, ankan c th phn ng theo nhiu hng: to, xt - Phn ng crackinh: ANKAN ANKAN KHC + ANKEN (lm mt mu dd brom) to, xt - Phn ng hydro ha: ANKAN ANKEN + H2 to, xt V d: C3H8 CH4 + C2H4 (CH2=CH2) to, xt C3H8 C3H6 (CH2=CHCH3) + H2 to, xt V d: C4H10 CH4 + C3H6 to, xt C4H10 C2H6 + C2H4 to, xt C4H10 C4H8 + H2 ; C4H8 sinh ra c nhiu ng phn to, xt V d: C5H12 CH4 + C4H8 to, xt C5H12 C2H6 + C3H6 to, xt C5H12 C3H8 + C2H4 ; C3H8 sinh ra c th tip tc b crackinh to, xt C5H12 C5H10 + H2 ; C5H10 sinh ra c nhiu ng phn c bit, trong iu kin thch hp phn ng cn c th: 1500o C + To ra ankin: V d: 2CH4 CH CH + 3H2 la la h nhanh m n to, xt + To ra cabon v hydro: V d: CH4 C (rn) + 2H2 2/ D phn ng xy ra theo hng no th: Phn ng khng lm thay i khi lng hn hp: mtrc phn ng = msau phn ng
n c Msau = tr nsau Mtr c

3/ V phn ng khng lm thay i khi lng hn hp nn hm lng C v H trc v sau phn ng l nh nhau t chy hn hp sau phn ng c qui v t chy hn hp trc phn ng. 4/ Phn ng lun lm tng s mol kh: nsau > ntrc Psau > Ptrc M sau < M trc (v mtrc = msau) to, xt V d: C3H8 CH4 + C2H4 nsau = 2. ntrc V d:
nsau = 3. ntrc xt, to C3H8 sinh ra tie tu bcrackinh: C3H8 p c CH4 + C2H4
xt, t C5H12 C3H8 + C2H4
o

Cu 1. Crakinh hon ton mt ankan khng phn nhnh X thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi hi i vi H2 l 18. Xc nh CTCT ca X. p s: C5H12 Cu 2. (TSDH A 2008) Khi crackinh ton b mt th tch ankan X thu c ba th tch hn hp Y (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut); t khi ca Y so vi H2 bng 12 . Cng thc phn t cu X? p s: C5H12 Cu 3. Crackinh 560 lt C4H10 thu c 1010 lt hn hp kh X khc nhau. Bit th tch cc kh u o (kc). Tm th tch C4H10 cha b cracking v hiu sut ca phn ng cracking. p s: 110 lt ; 80,36%

Cu 4. Crackinh C4H10 thu c hn hp gm 5 hydrocacbon c t khi hi i vi kh hydro l 16,325. Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng cracking. p s: 77,64% Cu 5. Crackinh 5,8 gam C4H10 c hn hp kh X. Tm khi lng nc thu c khi t chy hon ton hn hp X. p s: 9 gam Cu 6. Nhit phn metan thu c hn hp X gm C2H2 ; CH4 ; H2. T khi ca X so vi H2 bng 5. Tm hiu sut ca qa trnh nhit phn. p s: 60% II. Phn bi tp Cu 1. Xc nh CTPT ca ankan trong cc trng hp sau: a) Ankan cha 16% hydro. p s: C7H16 b) Ankan cha 83,33% cacbon. p s: C5H12 c) t chy hon ton 2 lt ankan A c 8 lt H2O (cc kh o cng iu kin nhit , p sut). p s: C3H8 d) t chy hon ton 8,7 gam ankan A c 26,4 gam CO2. p s: C4H10 Cu 2. Hn hp A gm mt ankan v 1 xicloankan, sau phn ng thu c 11,2 lit CO2 (ktc) v 9,9 gam H2O. Thnh phn % th tch ca xicloankan trong A l: Cu 2. Mt ankan to c dn xut monoclo trong clo chim 33,33% v khi lng. Xc nh CTPT ca ankan. p s: C5H12 Cu 3. Mt ankan to c dn xut monobrom trong brom chim 73,39% v khi lng. Xc nh CTPT ca ankan. p s: C2H6 Cu 4. Ankan X c cacbon chim 83,33% khi lng phn t. X tc dng vi brom un nng c chiu sng c th to 4 dn xut ng phn cha mt nguyn t brom trong phn t. Xc nh CTCT v tn X. p s: C5H12 Cu 5. Cho ankan A tc dng brom thu c mt dn xut cha brom c t khi i vi khng kh bng 5,207. Xc nh CTCT v gi tn ca ankan A. p s: C5H12 Cu 6. Mt ankan phn ng vi clo theo t l mol 1 : 2 thu c sn phm cha 83,53% clo v khi lng. CTPT ca ankan l g? p s: CH4 Cu 7. Cho 5,6 lt ankan kh (27,3 oC v 2,2 atm) tc dng vi clo ngoi nh sng ch to mt dn xut clo duy nht c khi lng l 49,5 gam. A) Xc nh CTCT c th c ca ankan. p s: C2H6 B) Xc nh % th tch ca ankan v clo trong hn hp u. Bit t khi hi ca hn hp so vi H2 bng 30,375.