DK Den Giaothong

Bo co mn hc:VI X L
H THNG IU KHIN N GIAO THNG
Mc lc Trang I.
II.
T VN PHNG N THIT K
1. M t hot ng ca h thng 2. Phng n thit k 3. S khi h thng
2 3 3 3 4 5 5 5 6 10 11 12 13 15 16 16 18 18 23 25
III. THIT K
1. Khi x l 1.1 . Gii thiu chung v vi iu khin 8051 1.2. Chc nng ca cc chn tn hiu 1.3. B nh trn chip 1.4. Cc B nh thi/B m 1.5. iu khin ngt 2. Khi gii m 3. Khi hin th
IV. NGUYN L HOT NG

1. Nguyn l hot ng 2. S nguyn l mch n giao thng 3. Chng trnh iu khin
V.
M RNG
Ti liu tham kho
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Bo co mn hc:VI X L
I. T VN
Trong h thng giao thng hin nay nc ta, vn v an ton giao thng v trnh n tc ti cc th v thnh ph ln l mt trong nhng vn ht sc cp bch v c ton x hi quan tm. V vy cc phng tin hng dn giao thng ng vai tr rt quan trng, n gp phn hn ch nhng xung t xy ra khi tham gia giao thng. Ti cc th th h thng n iu khin giao thng l rt quan trng. H thng n iu khin giao thng khng nhng c tc dng hn ch nhng xung t trong giao thng thnh ph m cn l cng c iu khin cc lung giao thng nhm hn ch n tc - mt vn nan gii ti cc thnh ph ln. V l do trn, chng em quyt nh chn ti Thit k h thng n iu khin giao thng cho bi tp ln mn hc Vi x l.
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Bo co mn hc:VI X L
II. PHUNG N THIT K

1.M t hot ng ca h thng
Mt giao thng pht trin mnh m cc th ln i hi h thng iu khin giao thng phi chnh xc, linh hot, n gin nhng hiu qu cao. H thng n giao thng hai pha phn no p ng c nhng yu cu trn. Mi pha gm cc n: Xanh - - Vng iu khin cc phng tin c gii. Hot ng ca tng pha ch iu khin t ng nh sau: n xanh: trong 20 giy, hng i ng vi pha ny c php i. n vng: trong 3 giy, thng bo cho cc phng tin ng vi pha ny gim tc , chun b dng li. n : trong 27 giy, cc phng tin dng li. Khi n xanh ca ln ng 1 sng thi n xanh ca ngi i b ln ng kia cng sang v ngc lai.
2.Phng n thit k
Hin nay vic s dng cc mch s kt kp vi chp vi iu khin trong cc h thng iu khin t ng tr nn rt ph bin v nhng u vit ca n nh: chnh xc, kh nng lp trnh c, tc iu khin nhanh, s dng n gin, Mt khc k thut s, vi x l, vi iu khin l lnh vc ang pht trin mnh m v c ng dng trong rt nhiu ngnh sn xut. V vy, ta s thit k mt h thng iu khin giao thng n gin, ch s dng b vi iu khin. Tt c cc tn hiu iu khin u c a n khi hin th trc tip t cc cng ca b vi iu khin. Phng n ny c c im l mch gn nh, khng qu phc tp, cch thc b tr linh kin d dng, lp trnh n gin, d chnh sa.
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Bo co mn hc:VI X L
3.S khi h thng
LED BOARD2 n & m ngc ca hai tuyn 2 &4
BUS
MAIN BOARD Khi iu khin bao gm VK(AT89s52) v b gii m(sn74ls47)
BU
LED BOARD1 n & m ngc ca hai tuyn 1 &3
Hnh 1: S khi h thng n giao thng
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Bo co mn hc:VI X L
III. THIT K
1.Khi x l 1.1. Gii thiu chung v vi iu khin 8051
Vi iu khin AT89C51 l mt vi iu khin thuc h 8051, loi CMOS, c tc cao v cng sut thp vi b nh Flash c th lp trnh c. N c sn xut vi cng ngh b nh khng bay hi mt cao ca hng Atmel. AT89C51 c 40 chn, c ng gi theo tiu chun PDIP. Hnh 2 biu din s chn ra v hnh 3 biu din s khi chc nng ca b vi iu khin ny.
Hnh 2: S chn ra ca vi iu khin 8051
Cc c im tiu chun (ca h vi iu khin 8051): 4KB Flash ROM. 128 byte RAM. 4 cng vo/ra song song 8 bit. 2 b nh thi/m 16 bit. Kin trc 5 vect ngt 2 mc (five vector two-level interrupt architecture). 1 cng ni tip song cng (full-duplex).
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Bo co mn hc:VI X L
Mch to dao ng trn chip v mch ng h. AT89C51 c thit k vi logic tnh cho hot ng c tn s gim xung 0 v h tr hai ch tit kim nng lng c la chn bng phn mm. Ch ngh dng CPU trong khi vn cho php RAM, cc b nh thi/m, cng ni tip v h thng ngt tip tc hot ng. Ch ngun gim duy tr ni dung ca RAM nhng khng cho mch dao ng cung cp xung clock nhm v hiu ha cc hot ng khc ca chip cho n khi c reset cng tip theo.
1.2. Chc nng ca cc chn tn hiu

1.2.1. Cc cng vo/ra song song 8051 c 4 cng vo/ra song song 8 bit l Port0, Port1, Port2, Port3. Cc cng ny c th s dng nh l cng vo hoc cng ra. +)Cng Port0 (cc chn 3239) : l cng vo/ra song song c hai chc nng. Trong cc thit k c nh khng dng b nh m rng, n c chc nng nh cc ng vo/ra. Trong cc thit k c ln c b nh m rng n tr thnh bus a ch v bus d liu a hp. +)Cng Port1 (cc chn 18): l cng vo/ra song song. Cc chn c k hiu P1.0, P1.1, P1.2, c th dng cho giao tip vi cc thit b ngoi nu cn. Cng Port1 khng c cc chc nng khc, v vy chng ch c dng cho giao tip vi cc thit b ngoi vi.
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Bo co mn hc:VI X L
Hnh 3: S khi chc nng ca vi iu khin 8051
+)Cng Port2 (cc chn 2128): l mt cng vo/ra song song c tc dng kp, c dng nh cc ng xut nhp hoc l byte ca bus a ch 16 bit i vi cc thit b dng b nh m rng. +)Cng Port3 (cc chn 1017): l cng vo/ra song song c tc dng kp. Khi khng hot ng xut nhp cc chn ca cng ny c nhiu chc nng ring. Bng 1 cho ta chc nng ca cc chn cng Port3
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Bo co mn hc:VI X L
Bit P3.0 P3.1 P3.2 P3.3 P3.4 P3.5 P3.6 P3.7
Tn RxT TxD INT0 INT1 T0 T1 WR RD
Chc nng chuyn i ng vo d liu cng ni tip ng xut d liu cng ni tip ng vo ngt ngoi 0 ng vo ngt ngoi 1 ng vo ca B nh thi/B m th 0 ng vo ca B nh thi/B m th 1 Tn hiu ghi d liu b nh ngoi Tn hiu c d liu b nh ngoi
Bng 1: Cc chc nng ring ca cc chn cng Port3
1.2.2. Cc chn tn hiu iu khin Chn cho php b nh chng trnh PSEN (Program Storage Enable): Tn hiu PSEN l tn hiu ra chn 29 c tc dng kp. Cho php c b nh chng trnh ngoi, thng c ni n chn OE (Output Enable) ca EPROM cho php c cc byte m lnh. Tn hiu PSEN logic 0 trong thi gian vi iu khin tm np lnh. Cc m lnh c c t EPROM qua bus d liu v c cht vo thanh ghi lnh IR ca vi iu khin gii m. Khi vi iu khin thi hnh chng trnh trong ROM ni PSEN s mc logic 1. Chn cho php cht a ch ALE/PROG (Address Latch Enable): Chn tn hiu ALE (chn 30) a ra xung iu khin cho php cht byte thp ca a ch khi vi iu khin truy xut b nh ngoi. Chn ny cng l u vo ca xung lp trnh khi lp trnh cho FLASH, khi chn tn hiu mc 0. Khi hot ng bnh thng, tn hiu ALE c pht ra vi tn s khng i bng 1/6 tn s ca b to dao ng trn chip, v c th s dng cho mc ch nh thi. Tuy nhin, s c mt xung ALE b b qua mi khi vi iu khin truy xut b nh ngoi. Chn tn hiu truy xut ngoi EA (External Access): Tn hiu vo EA (chn 31) c ni vi 5V (mc logic 1) hoc vi GND (mc 0). Nu mc 1, vi iu khin thi hnh chng trnh t ROM ni. Nu mc 0, vi iu khin s thi hnh chng trnh b nh m rng.
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Bo co mn hc:VI X L
Chn EA c ly lm chn cp ngun 12V khi lp trnh cho FLASH trong vi iu khin. Chn thit lp li RST (Reset): Chn RST (chn 9) l ng vo xa chnh ca vi iu khin dng thit lp li h thng. Khi chn tn hiu ny a ln mc cao t nht l 2 chu k my, cc thanh ghi bn trong c np nhng gi tr thch hp khi ng h thng. RST c th c kch khi cp in dng mt mch R-C. Mch ny nh sau:
Hnh 4: Mch thit lp li cho 8051
Trng thi cc thanh ghi ca vi iu khin c tm tt trong bng 2. Quan trng nht trong cc thanh ghi trn l thanh ghi b m chng trnh (PC Program Counter). Sau khi thit lp li (RST tr v mc thp), thanh ghi PC c gi tr 0000H, tc l chng trnh lun bt u ti a ch u tin trong b nh chng trnh. Ni dung ca RAM trn chip khng b thay i khi thit lp li. Thanh ghi B m chng trnh Thanh cha A Thanh cha B PSW SP DPTR Port 0 3 IP IE Cc thanh ghi nh thi SCON SBUF PCON(HMOS) PCON(CMOS) Ni dung 0000H 00H 00H 00H 07H 0000H FFH xxx00000B 0xx00000B 00H 00H 00H 0xxxxxxxB 0xxx0000B
Bng 2: Trng thi cc thanh ghi sau khi Reset
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Bo co mn hc:VI X L
Cc chn XTAL1, XTAL2: Cc chn ny (chn 18, 19) ni vi b to dao ng trn chip. Mch to dao ng nh sau:
Hnh 5: Mch to dao ng cho b to dao ng trn chip ca AT89C51
Tn s ca dao ng thng l 12MHz. Khi t c gi tr 33pF. Chn VCC ni n +5V ca ngun cp, chn GND ni t.
1.3. B nh trn chip

RAM trong: B vi iu khin 8051 c 128 byte RAM trong bao gm 32 byte u tin (00H n 1FH) dnh cho cc thanh ghi, 16 byte tip theo (20H n 2FH) l vng RAM nh a ch theo bit, sau l 80 byte RAM nhp. Vng thanh ghi c 32 byte, chia thnh 4 khi (bank 0 n bank 3), mi khi c 8 thanh ghi (t R0 n R7). vng RAM nh a ch theo bit, cc bit c dnh a ch t 00H n 7FH. Cc thanh ghi chuyn dng (SFRs Special Function Registers): Cc thanh ghi ny c a ch t 80H n FFH. Chng cha ni dung ca cc thanh ghi iu khin. Sau y l mt s thanh ghi chuyn dng: Thanh ghi Cht cng Port0 Cht cng Port1 Cht cng Port2 Cht cng Port3 M gi nh P0 P1 P2 P3 a ch 80H 90H A0H B0H
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Bo co mn hc:VI X L
iu khin B nh thi/B m iu khin ch B nh thi/B m Byte thp B nh thi/B m 0 Byte cao B nh thi/B m 0 Byte thp B nh thi/B m 1 Byte cao B nh thi/B m 1 Cho php ngt iu khin u tin ngt T trng thi chng trnh Thanh ghi tch ly Thanh ghi B
TCON TMOD TL0 TH0 TL1 TH1 IE IP PSW B
88H 89H 8AH 8BH 8CH 8DH A8H B8H D0H F0H
ACC hoc A E0H
Bng 3: Mt s thanh ghi chuyn dng ca vi iu khin 8051
ROM: B vi iu khin AT89C51 c 4KB FLASH lp trnh c. ROM lun chim vng a ch thp nht trong b nh chng trnh.
1.4. Cc B nh thi/B m
B vi iu khin 8051 c 2 B nh thi/B m l B nh thi/B m 0 v B nh thi/B m 1. Chng c th hot ng nh l b nh thi hoc b m. Ch hot ng ca cc B nh thi/B m c ct trong thanh ghi TMOD: GATE1 C/T1 M1(1) M0(1) GATE0 C/T0 M1(0) M0(0)
Nu bit GATE xa, cc B nh thi/B m c php hot ng khi bit TR# tng ng trong thanh ghi TCON thit lp. Ngc li, nu GATE thit lp th cc B nh thi/B m ch hot ng khi cc chn INT# tng ng tch cc (mc thp). Bit C/T# dng la chn ch hot ng b m hay b nh thi. Nu c thit lp th n hot ng theo ch m s kin, lc ny ngun xung cho b m l xung ngoi a vo t chn T# tng ng (chn 14, 15). Nu b xa,th n hot ng theo ch nh thi vi ngun xung l xung to ra t b to dao ng trn chip sau khi chia 12.
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Bo co mn hc:VI X L
Cc bit M0, M1 dng xc dnh ch m cho cc b m: M1 0 0 1 1 M0 0 1 0 1 Ch m 13 bit m 16 bit m 8 bit v t ng np li B m 0 m 8 bit ring r B m 1 dng hot ng
Bng 4: Cc ch hot ng ca cc b m
S hot ng ca cc B nh thi/B m c iu khin bi thanh ghi TCON: TF1 TR1 TF0 TR0 IE1 IT1 IE0 IT0
Cc bit TR# cho php B nh thi/B m hot ng (nu c thit lp) hoc khng cho php chng hot ng (nu b xa). Cc bit TF# l cc c trn tng ng vi cc B nh thi/B m. Chng c thit lp khi xy ra trn v c xa bng phn cng nu khi b x l r nhnh n chng trnh phc v ngt tng ng. Cc bit IT# l cc bit ngt. Thit lp IT# to ra ch ngt cnh, chn INT# nhn ra mt ngt khi nhn ra c mt sn m () ca tn hiu vo. Xa IT# to ra ch ngt mc, tc l ngt c to ra khi tn hiu vo mc thp (0). ch ngt mc, khi tn hiu vo cn mc thp th ngt c to ra lin tc cho n khi tn hiu vo chuyn ln mc cao hoc thit lp IT#. Cc bit IE# l cc c ngt cnh, c thit lp khi d thy ngt cnh.
1.5. iu khin ngt

B vi iu khin 8051 c 5 ngun ngt: TF0, TF1, INT0, INT1 v ngt do cng ni tip. S iu khin hot ng ngt c ct trong 2 thanh ghi l thanh ghi cho php ngt IE (Interrupt Enable) v thanh ghi xc nh th t u tin ngt IP (Interrupt Priority). Cc bit v chc nng ca chng trong thanh ghi IE nh sau (thit lp l cho php, xa l cm):
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Bo co mn hc:VI X L
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
M gi nh Chc nng EA -ET2 ES ET1 EX1 ET0 EX0 Cho ngt ton cc Khng dng Cho php ngt do b nh thi 2 Cho php ngt do cng ni tip Cho php ngt do b m 1 Cho php ngt t bn ngoi 1 Cho php ngt do b m 0 Cho php ngt t bn ngoi 0
Bng 5: Cc bit v chc nng ca n trong thanh ghi IE
Vi thanh ghi IP: Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 M gi nh Chc nng --PT2 PS PT1 PX1 PT0 PX0 Khng dng Khng dng u tin ngt do b nh thi 2 u tin ngt do cng ni tip u tin ngt do b m 1 u tin ngt t bn ngoi 1 u tin ngt do b m 0 u tin ngt t bn ngoi 0
Bng 6: Cc bit v chc nng ca chng trong thanh ghi IP
2.Khi gii m
Khi gii m nhn tn hiu iu khin t khi x l, sau gii m a n hin th trn cc ng h m ngc. Vi chc nng trn th khi ny chnh l khi gii m cho n LED 7 thanh. V cc ng h c hin th bng cc n LED 7 thanh nn ta s s dng b gii m l cc IC 74LS47. S chn ra v s khi chc nng nh sau:
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Bo co mn hc:VI X L
Hnh 6: S chn ra v s khi chc nng ca IC 74LS47
Cc u ra (t a n f) ni n cc chn tng ng ca LED 7 thanh. Ta thy cc u ra u c mc tch cc l mc thp. Do , loi LED 7 thanh cn s dng l loi Anode chung. LED 7 thanh s ghp ni vi IC ny theo bng chn l sau:
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Bo co mn hc:VI X L
Bng 7: Bng chn l ca IC 74LS47
3.Khi hin th
Khi hin th c chc nng a ra thng tin iu khin giao thng tng ng vi trng thi hin thi ca h thng. Khi ny gm 2 phn: n iu khin v ng h. n iu khin bao gm: n dnh cho cc phng tin tham gia giao thng: xanh, , vng. ng h dng cc LED 7 thanh to thnh cc b hin th t 00 n 99. y ta dng loi Anode chung (ph hp vi IC 74LS47), cu trc ca n nh sau:
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Bo co mn hc:VI X L
Hnh 7: Cu trc bn trong ca LED 7 thanh Anode chung
Hnh 8: Ghp ni 74LS47 n LED 7 thanh
IV. NGUYN L HOT NG

1.Nguyn l hot ng
Cc mch hin th hot ng trn nguyn tc iu khin bit vo/ra ca cc cng trn IC 89C51.
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Bo co mn hc:VI X L
C th nh sau: Vi iu khin c lp trnh iu khin 2 cng vic chnh: a) Chuyn mc ca cc n tn hiu trn hai ln ng(Xanh,,vng) Vic chuyn mc ny s c thc hin bng 6 bit truyn tn hiu: Ln ng th nht: P3.5: n xanh. P3.6: n vng. P3.7: n . Ln ng th hai: P0.2: n xanh. P0.1: n vng. P0.0: n .
Cc n hin th l cc LED n ni chung nhau ant. n sng s tng ng vi mc logic thp. Gia cc ln hin th s kt hp n ca hai ln ng. n xanh ln 1 th tng ng s l n ln 2 v ngc li. V chuyn mc gia cc n s xen k nhng b m,kt thc mi b m s tng ng thit lp li cc bit hin th cc trng thi n tip theo. Gia n xanh v n vng l 20s Gia n vng v n l tr mt thi gian Gia n v n xanh l 27s. C n bo hiu cho ngi di b ca hai ln ng. b) Hin th b m tng ng vi mi trng thi n: - Ta s dng IC 7447 thc hin vic gii m BCD sang thp phn v hin th cc trng thi thp phn trn LED 7 thanh. - M BCD l m 4 bit(tng ng s hin th c mt LED 7 thanh). Ta s dng s c hai ch s m cho hai ln ng.V th 8 bit ca cng P2 s c dng cho vic hin th hai LED trn ln ng th nht v 8 bit ca cng P1 s c s dng cho hin th LED ti ln ng th hai. Cc cng 8 bit ny s c ni ti 2 IC 7447 tng ng(4 bit cho mt IC) v u ra(trn LED 7 thanh) s hin th trng thi thp phn ca s Hexa ang gi ti cng . - Vic to ra s thp phn c thc hin bng cch ghi dy s Hexa 27 gim dn vo v tr ROM ni bt u t a ch 40H.(Lc ny ta s dng chn s 31(EA/VPP) v cho n mc in p cao c d liu t Rom ni).
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Bo co mn hc:VI X L
Khi ghi dy s Hexa 27-0 ta s b qua cc trng thi 1F,1E1A,F,E,,A tng ng ta thu c m BCD hin th ra dy s thp phn 27-0.Khi ta s tch lm 3 vng lp: Vng lp th nht s ghi cc s t 27-20. (tng ng l cc a ch 40h-47h). Vng lp th hai s ghi cc s t 19-10. (tng ng l a ch 48h51h). Vng lp cui cng l cc s t 5Bh). 9-0. ( ng vi cc a ch 52h-
Nh vy t a ch 40h-5Bh ta s thu c dy s 27-0. - Vic hin th cng cc n ta s thc hin tng ng nh sau: n sng kt hp hin th trng thi t a ch 40h-5Bh ta s thu c b m 27s-0s. n vng sng tr mt thi gian . n xanh sng kt hp cng hin th trng thi t a ch 47h-5Bh ta s thu c b m 20s-0s. ==>Cui cng ta c mt h thng n giao thng hon chnh kt hp gia to tr v hin th.
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Bo co mn hc:VI X L
2.S nguyn l mch n giao thng:
Hnh 9.1: S nguyn l mch n giao thng
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Hnh 10.1: S mch in
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Hnh 10.2: S mch in
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3.Chng trnh iu khin

;======================================================== ========================================== ;************ CHUONG TRINH DIEU KHIEN TIN HIEU DEN GIAO THONG ************************************* ;======================================================== ========================================== ;-------------------------------------------------;Phan khai bao bien ban dau ;-------------------------------------------------DO1 ;Den do huong di so 1 DO2 huong di so 2 XANH1 huong di so 1 XANH2 di so 2 VANG1 huong di so 1 BIT BIT BIT BIT P3.7 P0.1 BIT P3.5 P0.2 P0.0 ;Den do
;Den xanh ;Den xanh huong ;Den vang
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Bo co mn hc:VI X L
VANG2 huong di so 2 XANH_DIBO1 cho nguoi di bo DO_DIBO1 BIT nguoi di bo XANH_DIBO2 cho nguoi di bo DO_DIBO2 BIT nguoi di bo
BIT BIT P0.3 BIT P3.4
P3.6 P0.4 ;Den P3.3 ;Den
;Den vang ;Den xanh do cho
;Den xanh do cho
SET_TIME BIT 73H thoat khoi chuong trinh DELAY SAVE_TIME EQU gia tri delay ORG LJMP MAIN ORG LJMP T1ISR vu ngat 1 ORG MAIN: MOV 8B Timer2 MOV LOOP: CALL XANH1_DO2 huong di so 2 CALL XANH2_DO1 huong di so 1 SJMP LOOP TMOD,#00010000B IE,#10001000B 0030H 001BH 0000H 1CH
;Dung de ;Dung luu
;************** CHUONG TRINH CHINH ***************** ;Nhay den chuong trinh chinh
;Nhay den chuong trinh phuc
;Che do 16B Timer1 va ;Cho phep ngat do T1
CALL KHOI_TAO ;Cho di huong di so 1,dung ;Cho di huong di so 2,dung
;*******************Chuong thoi*****************************
trinh
ngat
dinh
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Bo co mn hc:VI X L
T1ISR: CLR TR1 MOV TH1,#HIGH(-1000) MOV TL1,#LOW(-1000) SETB TR1 CJNE R7,#00,DECDL MOV CLR R7,SAVE_TIME TR1 DJNZ R6,ESCDL SETB SET_TIME SJMP ESCDL DECDL: DEC ESCDL: RETI ;****************Chuong dau********************* KHOI_TAO: MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV RET ;****************Chuong ************************* HIEN_THI1: CJNE R1,#00,TIEP1 MOV SJMP ESC1 TIEP1: INC MOV MOVC R0 A,R0 A,@A+DPTR P1,#00 trinh hien thi dem lui 27S P1,#00H P2,#00H P0,#00H P3,#00H DPTR,#TABLE ;Hien thi so 0 ;Hien thi so 0 trinh khai bao cac bien ban R7
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MOV ESC1: RET
P1,A
;****************Chuong trinh 20S**************************** HIEN_THI2: CJNE R4,#00,TIEP2 MOV SJMP ESC2 TIEP2: INC MOV MOVC MOV ESC2: RET ;****************Chuong trinh tro********************** nap R3 A,R3 A,@A+DPTR P2,A P2,#00
hien
thi
dem
lui
gia
tri
cho
cac
con
HUONG_DI1:;Nap cac gia tri cho cac thanh ghi khi huong di so 1 duoc phep di MOV tri so 20 MOV tri so 27 MOV MOV MOV RET HUONG_DI2:;Nap cac gia tri cho cac thanh ghi khi huong di so 2 duoc phep di MOV tri so 20 R0,#07 ;Con tro chuyen DPTR den vi R0,#00 R3,#07 R1,#07 R4,#20 R2,#02 ;Con tro chuyen DPTR den vi ;Con tro chuyen DPTR den vi ;Con tro han che hien thi ;Con tro han che hien thi
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Bo co mn hc:VI X L
MOV tri so 27 MOV MOV MOV RET
R3,#00 R1,#20 R4,#7 R2,#02
;Con tro chuyen DPTR den vi ;Con tro han che hien thi ;Con tro han che hien thi
;****************Chuong trinh do***************************
dieu
khien
den
xanh
XANH1_DO2:;Hien thi den xanh ben huong di so 1 va hien thi den do o huong di so 2 CALL HUONG_DI1 CLR huong di so 1 CLR di so 2 CLR bo CLR nguoi di bo BACK1: CALL HIEN_THI1 CALL HIEN_THI2 CALL DELAY1S CJNE R4,#00,DEC11 CLR VANG1 SETB XANH1 CJNE R2,#00,DEC31 CPL CPL SKIP1: CJNE R1,#00,DEC21 SETB XANH1 SETB DO2 SETB DO_DIBO1 SETB VANG1 SETB XANH_DIBO2 ;Khi hien thi du so thi khong giam nua ;Tat den xanh huong di so 1 ;Tat den do huong di so 2 ;Tat den do cua nguoi di bo ;Tat den vang 1 ;Tat den xanh cua nguoi di bo XANH_DIBO2 DO_DIBO1 ;Khi hien thi du so thi khong giam nua ;Hien thi den vang ;Tat den xanh ;Doi them 4S nua thi nhap nhay den ;Nhap nhay den xanh ;Nhap nhay den do ;Cho hien thi thoi gian giam ;Cho hien thi thoi gIan giam XANH1 DO2 DO_DIBO1 XANH_DIBO2 ;Hien thi den xanh
;Hien thi den do huong ;Hien thi den do cua nguoi di ;Hien thi den xanh cua
- 27 -
Bo co mn hc:VI X L
RET DEC11: DEC DEC21: DEC DEC31: DEC SJMP SKIP1 XANH2_DO1:;Hien thi den xanh ben huong di so 2 va hien thi den do o huong di so 1 CALL HUONG_DI2 CLR huong di so 2 CLR di so 1 CLR bo CLR nguoi di bo BACK2: CALL HIEN_THI1 CALL HIEN_THI2 CALL DELAY1S CJNE R1,#00,DEC22 CLR VANG2 ;Khi hien thi du so thi khong giam nua ;Hien thi den vang ;Tat den xanh ;Doi them 4S nua thi nhap nhay den ;Nhap nhay den xanh ;Nhap nhay den do ;Khi hien thi du so thi khong giam nua ;Tat den xanh huong di so 1 ;Tat den do huong di so 2 ;Tat den vang ;Cho hien thi thoi gian giam ;Cho hien thi thoi gIan giam XANH2 DO1 DO_DIBO2 XANH_DIBO1 ;Hien thi den xanh R2 R1 SJMP BACK1 R4 SJMP BACK1
;Hien thi den do huong ;Hien thi den do cua nguoi di ;Hien thi den xanh cua
SETB XANH2 CJNE R2,#00,DEC32 CPL CPL SKIP2: CJNE R4,#00,DEC12 SETB XANH2 SETB DO1 SETB VANG2 XANH_DIBO1 DO_DIBO2
- 28 -
Bo co mn hc:VI X L
SETB DO_DIBO2 SETB XANH_DIBO1 RET DEC12: DEC DEC22: DEC DEC32: DEC SJMP SKIP2 R2 R1 SJMP BACK2 R4 SJMP BACK2
;Tat den do cua nguoi di bo ;Tat den xanh cua nguoi di bo
;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------;************************ CAC **************************** KHOANG THOI GIAN TRE
;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------;*********** CHUONG TRINH TRE 1S *********************** DELAY1s: PUSH 07H PUSH 06H CLR MOV MOV SETB TR1 SETB TF1 JNB POP POP RET SET_TIME,$ 06 07 SET_TIME SAVE_TIME,#100 R6,#10
MOV R7,#100
TABLE:;Hien thi tu 27-0 DB 000H,0027H,0026H,0025H,0024H,0023H,0022H,0021H
- 29 -
Bo co mn hc:VI X L
DB
020H,019H,018H,017H,016H,015H,014H,013H,012H,011H
DB 010H,009H,008H,007H,006H,005H,004H,003H,002H,001H,000H
RET END.
Hnh 11.1:Mch chy m phng n giao thng
- 30 -
Bo co mn hc:VI X L
Hnh 11.2:Mch chy m phng n giao thng
V. M RNG
Ngoi h thng iu khin n trn hai tuyn: -V nhng thnh ph ln,trn nhng nt giao thng trng im lc ny khng ch cn l s giao nhau ca hai ln ng m l rt nhiu ln ng khc nhau,cng vi s phng tin lu thng ln.Chnh v th m ngoi h thng n iu khin chnh cn c xen k thm mt h thng n dng phn ln ng cho php cc phng tin ang dng n c php r theo mt hng u tin no . 1).V h thng phn ln ng,v chuyn pha(Mt tuyn c th c nhiu pha khc nhau): -Khi tuyn mt ang lu thng,trn tuyn cn li n s hin th v buc cc phng tin phi dng. -Tuy nhin,ta c th thit k thm mt n bo hiu cho php cc phng tin trn tuyn ang dng c th r cng vi chiu ca cc phng tin ang lu thng.
- 31 -
Bo co mn hc:VI X L
-iu ny s gip gim bt s lng cc phng tin phi dng ch,gp phn gii to ch tc giao thng(nht l i vi cc thnh ph trng im, ch tc giao thng thng xuyn xy ra do s lu thng qu ln ca cc phng tin trong gi cao im) -n bo hiu ny s l n xanh c hnh mi tn ch hng c php r.Gi s n bo hiu r ny l ca tuyn 2 th n s sng sau n xanh ca tuyn 1 khong 10s.Lc ny n ca tuyn 2 vn sng v cc phng tin khng c php i thng m ch c php r. Trn tuyn cn li n bo hiu r cng hot ng tng t. 2). Trong ngy c nhiu khong thi gian (Cc b iu khin hin nay thng chn 10 khong), mi khong c chin lc ring. V d: Ban m, nhp nhy n vng 2 s: 0-0-2-0-0-0-2-0. Bui sng sm c 1 chin lc, lc cao im c mt chin lc. Ngi ta c th gn cho 10 khong thi gian cc chin lc khc nhau, c nh s. V d: Th Hai: 1,1,2,3,2,3,3,2,2,1. 3). Trong mt tun, c 7 ngy c th c 7 tp hp cc chin lc khc nhau. V d: u tun, ngi i vo thnh ph nhiu, cui tun ... 4). Mt nm c 52 tun, c th khc nhau theo thng k. V d: Ma h xe chy nhiu hn ma ng. 5). Nu khng c thay i, mc nhin cc ngy s ging nhau. 6). Nh vy, b x l phi c ng h, xc nh c thi im hot ng (gi, pht, ngy thng) v np b thng s chin lc tng ng. V d t 22 h -24 h, np nhp nhy n vng 1 s, 0h - 5h30, nhp nhy n vng 2 s, 5h30 - 6h30, chin lc 3,.v.v... 7). Vi ng t hin i, s c thit b xc inh lu lng xe iu chnh thi gian thng xe (n xanh). Thng thng x dng cc vng t chn di ng. Nu trong chin lc l 25 s Xanh, vng t xc nh ch 15 s c xe, th chu k tip theo (Hoc theo di trong 2,3 chu k), thi gian Xanh c gim xung theo bc xc nh tng thi gian cho tuyn kia... 8). Cc t iu khin c cng tc chuyn sang ch bng tay. 9). Nu to ln xanh, cc t phi c kh nng kt ni (cp quang...) Trn y l cc vn chnh thit k b iu khin n. Cc vn
- 32 -
Bo co mn hc:VI X L
khc trong tm tay dn in t. (V d nh m li, bt tt n). Hin nay, cc n m li thng ch to t cc LED ri, t s dng LED 7 thanh, v yu cu kch c ch s v sng.
- 33 -

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Bo co mn hc:VI X L

H THNG IU KHIN N GIAO THNG

IV. NGUYN L HOT NG

Ti liu tham kho

H THNG IU KHIN N GIAO THNG

H THNG IU KHIN N GIAO THNG

II. PHUNG N THIT K

H THNG IU KHIN N GIAO THNG

3.S khi h thng

LED BOARD2 n & m ngc ca hai tuyn 2 &4

MAIN BOARD Khi iu khin bao gm VK(AT89s52) v b gii m(sn74ls47)

LED BOARD1 n & m ngc ca hai tuyn 1 &3

Hnh 1: S khi h thng n giao thng

H THNG IU KHIN N GIAO THNG

Hnh 2: S chn ra ca vi iu khin 8051

H THNG IU KHIN N GIAO THNG

1.2. Chc nng ca cc chn tn hiu

H THNG IU KHIN N GIAO THNG

Hnh 3: S khi chc nng ca vi iu khin 8051

H THNG IU KHIN N GIAO THNG

Bit P3.0 P3.1 P3.2 P3.3 P3.4 P3.5 P3.6 P3.7

Tn RxT TxD INT0 INT1 T0 T1 WR RD

Bng 1: Cc chc nng ring ca cc chn cng Port3

H THNG IU KHIN N GIAO THNG

Hnh 4: Mch thit lp li cho 8051

Bng 2: Trng thi cc thanh ghi sau khi Reset

H THNG IU KHIN N GIAO THNG

Hnh 5: Mch to dao ng cho b to dao ng trn chip ca AT89C51

1.3. B nh trn chip

H THNG IU KHIN N GIAO THNG

TCON TMOD TL0 TH0 TL1 TH1 IE IP PSW B

ACC hoc A E0H

Bng 3: Mt s thanh ghi chuyn dng ca vi iu khin 8051

H THNG IU KHIN N GIAO THNG

1.5. iu khin ngt

H THNG IU KHIN N GIAO THNG

Bng 5: Cc bit v chc nng ca n trong thanh ghi IE

Bng 6: Cc bit v chc nng ca chng trong thanh ghi IP

H THNG IU KHIN N GIAO THNG

Hnh 6: S chn ra v s khi chc nng ca IC 74LS47

H THNG IU KHIN N GIAO THNG

Bng 7: Bng chn l ca IC 74LS47

H THNG IU KHIN N GIAO THNG

Hnh 7: Cu trc bn trong ca LED 7 thanh Anode chung

Hnh 8: Ghp ni 74LS47 n LED 7 thanh

IV. NGUYN L HOT NG

H THNG IU KHIN N GIAO THNG

H THNG IU KHIN N GIAO THNG

H THNG IU KHIN N GIAO THNG

2.S nguyn l mch n giao thng:

Hnh 9.1: S nguyn l mch n giao thng

H THNG IU KHIN N GIAO THNG

Hnh 10.1: S mch in

H THNG IU KHIN N GIAO THNG

H THNG IU KHIN N GIAO THNG

Hnh 10.2: S mch in

H THNG IU KHIN N GIAO THNG

3.Chng trnh iu khin

;Den xanh ;Den xanh huong ;Den vang

H THNG IU KHIN N GIAO THNG

BIT BIT P0.3 BIT P3.4

P3.6 P0.4 ;Den P3.3 ;Den

;Den vang ;Den xanh do cho

;Den xanh do cho

;Chuong trinh do***********

;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------; CAC **** KHOANG THOI GIAN TRE