NGNH HC: IN IN T

HC PHN : X L TN HIU S
BI TH NGHIM S: 1
M PHNG TN HIU V H THNG RI RC TRN MIN N
Thi lng: 4 tit
1. MC CH, YU CU:
1.1. Mc ch:
Bi th nghim ny nhm gip sinh vin cng c v kim chng kin thc hc qua cch nhn trc
quan sinh ng trn phn mm m phng Matlab cc ni dung sau:
- Biu din tn hiu c s trong min thi gian
- Cc php ton trn tn hiu
- p ng xung v p ng ra ca h thng
1.2. Yu cu:
Mi nhm SV bit s dng phn mm MATLAB thc hin cc ni dung sau:
- To v v mt s tn hiu c s: dy xung n v, dy nhy n v, dy ch nht, dy hm m
- Thc hin cc php ton trn tn hiu: php nhn hai tn hiu, php cng, php chp.
- Tm v v p ng xung/ p ng ra ca h thng ri rc theo thi gian c chiu di hu hn.
2. CHUN B:
2.1. L thuyt:
- SV c Chng 1: Tn hiu v h thng ri rc trong sch bi ging X l tn hiu s v nm chc cc
ni dung sau:
+ nh ngha tn hiu ri rc
+ Mt s tn hiu ri rc c bn: dy xung n v, dy nhy n v, dy hm m thc, dy hm
m phc, dy ngu nhin
+ nh ngha tch chp v p ng xung ca h thng.
+ p ng ra ca h thng m t bi phng trnh sai phn tuyn tnh h s hng.
- SV c ti liu hng dn s dng phn mm MATLAB (ti liu do gio vin cung cp).
2.2. Trang thit b, dng c:
My tnh c ci phn mm MATLAB
3. NI DUNG:
3.1. Hng dn: 30 pht
3.2. Cc bc thc hin: 120 pht
Bc 1. M phng mt s tn hiu ri rc c s (30 pht).
Trong x l tn hiu s, mt tn hiu s bt k u c th c khai trin theo cc tn hiu c s sau y.
Ngoi ra, cc tn hiu c s ny c s dng rng ri trong rt nhiu cc ng dng DSP.
1
Trc ht, xin gii thiu mt s hm c bn trong Matlab c s dng trong phn ny. bit c th
hn v chc nng ca hm v c php ca lnh gi hm, g lnh help km theo tn ca hm ti ca s
lnh ca MATLAB.
zeros: to mt ma trn vi ton b cc phn t c gi tr bng 0.
ones: to mt ma trn vi ton b cc phn t c gi tr bng 1.
rand: to mt ma trn vi cc phn t nhn cc gi tr ngu nhin c phn b u trong khong t 0
n 1.
randn: to mt ma trn vi cc phn t nhn cc gi tr ngu nhin theo phn b Gauss c gi tr trung
bnh bng 0, phng sai bng 1.
min: tr v gi tr nh nht trong mt ma trn.
max: tr v gi tr ln nht trong mt ma trn.
fliplr: ln ngc li th t cc phn t trong mt ma trn theo hng xut pht t phi qua tri tr thnh
t tri qua phi.
plot v stem: v th ca mt dy s, plot th hin dng lin tc, stem th hin dng ri rc,
thng s dng hm stem v tn hiu min n.
conv: tr v tch chp ca 2 vector.
filter: tr v p ng theo thi gian ca h thng c m t bi mt phng trnh sai phn tuyn tnh
h s hng
Dy xung n v:
1 0
( )
0
n
n
n

'

v tn hiu ny, c th s dng hm s zeros(1,N) to ra mt vecto hng N gi tr 0.

% Day xung don vi
n=-10:20;
delta=[zeros(1,10) 1 zeros(1,20)];
stem(n,delta);
xlabel('Thoi gian roi rac n');ylabel('Bien do');
title('Day xung don vi');
axis([-10 20 0 1.2]);
Ngoi ra, c th dng hm Matlab m phng tn hiu
0
0
1
( )
0
n n
n n
n

'

trn khong [n
1
,n
2
]
nh sau:
function [x,n] = impseq(n0,n1,n2)
% Generates x(n) = delta(n-n0); n1 <= n,n0 <= n2
% ----------------------------------------------
% [x,n] = impseq(n0,n1,n2)
%
if ((n0 < n1) | (n0 > n2) | (n1 > n2))
error('arguments must satisfy n1 <= n0 <= n2')
end
n = [n1:n2];
2
%x = [zeros(1,(n0-n1)), 1, zeros(1,(n2-n0))];
x = [(n-n0) == 0];
Dy nhy n v

1 0
( )
0
n
u n
n

'

v dy ny, ta c th s dng hm ones(1,N) to ra mt vecto hng gm N s mt. Hm ny c

s dng to ra dy nhy u(n) trn mt khong hu hn.
% Tao day nhay don vi
n=[-10:20];
u=[zeros(1,10) ones(1,21)];
stem(n,u);
xlabel('Thoi gian roi rac n'); ylabel('Bien do');
title('Day nhay don vi');
axis([-10 20 0 1.5]);
Tng t, ta c th s dng hm Matlab m phng tn hiu
0
0
1
( )
0
n n
u n n
n


'

trong khong
[n
1
,n
2
] nh sau:
function [x,n] = stepseq(n0,n1,n2)
% Generates x(n) = u(n-n0); n1 <= n,n0 <= n2
% ------------------------------------------
% [x,n] = stepseq(n0,n1,n2)
%
if ((n0 < n1) | (n0 > n2) | (n1 > n2))
error('arguments must satisfy n1 <= n0 <= n2')
end
n = [n1:n2];
%x = [zeros(1,(n0-n1)), ones(1,(n2-n0+1))];
x = [(n-n0) >= 0];
BT 1.1. Hy vit chng trnh thc hin cc cng vic sau:
a. V th ca tn hiu sau:
0,3( 10)
( ) [ ( ) ( 10)] 10 [u(n-10)-u(n-20)]
n
x n n u n u n e

+ vi 0 20 n
b. V th tn hiu:
( ) 2 ( 1) ( 3) x n n n +
vi 6 6 n
c. To v v dy hm m thc
0
( )
0
n
a n
e n
n

'

trong khong [n
1
, n
2
]
d. To v v dy xung ch nht c chiu di L.
Bc 2. Cc php ton trn tn hiu (45 pht).
3
X l tn hiu s l mt nhm cc php ton tc ng ln tn hiu li vo to ra tn hiu khc
li ra. V mt cng thc, cc php ton ny chnh l cc php bin i tn hiu ny thnh tn hiu khc
theo cc quy tc T c nh trc y(n) = T[x(n)]. Di y s xem xt mt s cc php ton c s.
Php dch chuyn (tr)
y(n) = x(n-m)
Trong Matlab, php ton dch c th c thc hin nh vo hm tr sau:
function [y,n] = sigshift(x,m,n0)
% implements y(n) = x(n-n0)
% -------------------------
% [y,n] = sigshift(x,m,n0)
%
n = m+n0; y = x;
Php chuyn v
y(n) = x(-n)
Trong Matlab, php ton ny c th c thc hin nh vo hm sau:
function [y,n] = sigfold(x,n)
% implements y(n) = x(-n)
% -----------------------
% [y,n] = sigfold(x,n)
%
y = fliplr(x); n = -fliplr(n);
Php nhn tn hiu
y(n) = x
1
(n).x
2
(n)
Ta c th thc hin php ton ny nh vo hm sau:
function [y,n] = sigmult(x1,n1,x2,n2)
% implements y(n) = x1(n)*x2(n)
% -----------------------------
% [y,n] = sigmult(x1,n1,x2,n2)
% y = product sequence over n, which includes n1 and n2
% x1 = first sequence over n1
% x2 = second sequence over n2 (n2 can be different from n1)
%
n = min(min(n1),min(n2)):max(max(n1),max(n2)); % duration of y(n)
y1 = zeros(1,length(n)); y2 = y1; %
y1(find((n>=min(n1))&(n<=max(n1))==1))=x1; % x1 with duration of y
y2(find((n>=min(n2))&(n<=max(n2))==1))=x2; % x2 with duration of y
y = y1 .* y2; % sequence multiplication
Php cng tn hiu
y(n) = x
1
(n)+ x
2
(n)
function [y,n] = sigadd(x1,n1,x2,n2)
4
% implements y(n) = x1(n)+x2(n)
% -----------------------------
% [y,n] = sigadd(x1,n1,x2,n2)
% y = sum sequence over n, which includes n1 and n2
% x1 = first sequence over n1
% x2 = second sequence over n2 (n2 can be different from n1)
%
n = min(min(n1),min(n2)):max(max(n1),max(n2)); % duration of y(n)
y1 = zeros(1,length(n)); y2 = y1; % initialization
y1(find((n>=min(n1))&(n<=max(n1))==1))=x1; % x1 with duration of y
y2(find((n>=min(n2))&(n<=max(n2))==1))=x2; % x2 with duration of y
y = y1+y2; % sequence addition

Php chp tn hiu
( ) ( ) * ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
k k
y n h n x n x k h n k h k x n k




Matlab cung cp hm conv tnh php nhn chp cho hai dy c chiu di hu hn. Hm conv thc
hin php nhn chp cho hai dy c chiu di hu hn t n =0 v cho kt qu: y =conv(x,h)
Nhc im ca hm ny l khng cho bit thng tin v thi gian. c thm thng tin v thi gian v
thc hin php nhn chp cho cc dy hu hn nhng c gc thi gian khc nhau, ngi ta nh ngha
hm Matlab conv_m nh sau:
function [y,ny] = conv_m(x,nx,h,nh)
% Modified convolution routine for signal processing
% --------------------------------------------------
% [y,ny] = conv_m(x,nx,h,nh)
% y = convolution result
% ny = support of y
% x = first signal on support nx
% nx = support of x
% h = second signal on support nh
% nh = support of h
%
nyb = nx(1)+nh(1); nye = nx(length(x)) + nh(length(h));
ny = [nyb:nye];
y = conv(x,h);
Nng lng ca tn hiu
2
( )
x
n
E x n

function[Ex]=energy(x);
Ex=sum(x.*conj(x));
% sum(abs(x).^2)
Cng sut trung bnh ca mt dy tun hon
5
1
2
0
1
( )
N
X
n
P x n
N

function[Px]=power(x);
Px=sum(abs(x).^2)/N
BT 1.2. Cho x(n)=2
-n
vi 0 5 n
a. V dy x(n)u(n) theo n
b. V dy x(n)u(2-n) theo n
c. V dy x(-n)u(-n) theo n
BT 1.3. Cho
1 2 3 4 5 6 5 4 3 2 1 2 3 x 1
]
&&
. Hy to v v cc dy sau:
a. y1(n)=2x(n-5) + 3x(n+4) vi
b. y2(n)=2x(3-n) x(n).x(n+2)
BT 1.4. Cho cc dy c chiu di 7 mu sau:
1
3 2 0 1 4 3 2 x 1
]
&&
2
0 7 1 1 3 4 2 x 1
]
&&
3
5 2 3 6 4 0 2 x 1
]
&&
Tm v v cc dy sau y:
a. y(n)=x
1
(n)+x
2
(n)
b. y(n)=x
1
(n).x
2
(n)
c. y(n)=x
1
(n)-x
3
(n)
BT 1.5. Cho hai dy
3 11 7 0 1 4 2 x 1
]
&&
v
2 3 0 5 2 1 h 1
]
&&
. Tnh tch chp ca
x(n) vi h(n).
Bc 3. H thng ri rc (45 pht)
p ng xung ca h thng ri rc theo thi gian c chiu di hu hn
BT 1.6. Cho mt h thng ri rc c chiu di hu hn c dng tng qut nh sau:
1 1
0 0
( ) ( )
N M
k r
k r
a y n k b x n r




.
a. Hy s dng hm impz tnh ton v v p ng xung ca h thng.
b. Kim tra li vi cc h thng sau:
( ) 3 ( 1) 4 ( 2) ( ) 2 ( 1) x y n y n y n x n n +
( ) 0, 4 ( 1) 0, 03 ( 2) ( ) y n y n y n x n +
p ng ra ca h thng m t bi phng trnh sai phn tuyn tnh h s hng
6
BT 1.7. Cho h thng c m t bi phng trnh sai phn tuyn tnh h s hng nh sau:
y(n) 0.5y(n 1)+ 0.06y(n 2) = x(n)
Vit chng trnh s dng hm filter ca MATLAB thc hin cc cng vic sau:
a. Biu din bng th hm p ng xung n v ca h thng vi -20 n 100
b. Biu din bng th dy p ng ca h thng vi -20 n 100 khi dy u vo l dy nhy
n v.
BT 1.8. Cho hai h thng c phng trnh sai phn tuyn tnh h s hng nh sau:
H thng 1: y(n)=0,5x(n)+0,25x(n-1)+0,82x(n-2)
H thng 2: y(n)=0,45x(n)+0,5x(n-1)+0,4x(n-2)+0,52y(n-1)-0,45y(n-2)
Vit chng trnh Matlab tnh u ra ca hai h thng trn vi u vo:
2 *10 2 *100
( )
256 256
os os
n n
x n c c
_ _
+

, ,
3.3. Ghi nhn, phn tch kt qu: 30 pht
4. NH GI KT QU:
- Thc hin/thao tc thc t: 4 im
- Phn tch kt qu: 4 im
- Cu hi m rng: 2 im
- im bi 1: 10 im
7
BI TH NGHIM S: 2
M PHNG TN HIU V H THNG RI RC TRN MIN Z, MIN TN S LIN TC

V MIN TN S RI RC K
Thi lng: 4 tit
1. MC CH, YU CU:
1.1. Mc ch:
Bi th nghim ny nhm gip sinh vin cng c v kim chng kin thc hc qua cch nhn trc
quan sinh ng trn phn mm m phng Matlab cc ni dung sau:
- Biu din tn hiu v h thng ri rc trong min Z
- Biu din tn hiu v h thng ri rc trong min tn s lin tc

- Biu din tn hiu v h thng ri rc trong min tn s ri rc k

1.2. Yu cu:
Sinh vin dng phn mm MATLAB m phng cc ni dung sau:
- Biu din bng th hm ph bin v ph pha ca mt dy tn hiu
- Biu din bng th phn b cc im cc v im khng ca mt h thng
- Biu din bng th hm p ng tn s ca mt h thng
- Biu din bng th nh ca php bin i Fourier ri rc ca mt dy c chiu di hu hn
- nh gi hiu qu ca thut ton bin i Fourier nhanh vi chiu di dy thay i.
2. CHUN B:
2.1. L thuyt:
- SV c cc ni dung sau:
Chng 2: Bin i Z
+ nh ngha bin i Z hai pha v bin i Z mt pha.
+ im cc v im khng.
Chng 3: Biu din tn hiu v h thng ri rc trong min tn s lin tc.
+ nh ngha bin i Fourier
+ Ly mu tn hiu
+ Ph bin v ph pha ca bin i Fourier ca tn hiu ri rc
Chng 4: Biu din tn hiu v h thng ri rc trong min tn s ri rc
+ nh ngha v tnh cht ca DFT
+ Bin i Fourier nhanh FFT
- SV c ti liu hng dn s dng phn mm MATLAB (ti liu do gio vin cung cp).
2.2. Trang thit b, dng c:
My tnh c ci phn mm MATLAB
3. NI DUNG:
3.1. Hng dn: 30 pht
3.2. Cc bc thc hin: 120 pht
8
Bc 1. Tn hiu v h thng trong min Z (40 pht)
Trc ht xin gii thiu mt s cc hm ca MATLAB c th s dng trong phn th nghim ny.
bit c th hn v chc nng ca hm v c php ca lnh gi hm, g lnh help km theo tn ca hm
ti ca s lnh ca MATLAB.
abs, angle: tr v cc hm th hin Moun v Agumen ca mt s phc
real, imag: tr v cc hm th hin phn thc v phn o ca mt s phc
residuez: tr v cc im cc v cc h s tng ng vi cc im cc trong phn tch mt hm
phn thc hu t min Z thnh cc thnh phn l cc hm phn thc n gin, ngc li nu u vo
l danh sch cc im cc v cc h s, hm residuez s tr v hm phn thc hu t min Z
poly: xy dng mt a thc t danh sch cc nghim ca n
ztrans: tr v bin i Z ca mt hm s c nh ngha theo cng thc ca mt biu tng (symbol)
iztrans: hm ngc li ca hm ztrans
zplane: th hin phn b im cc v im khng ca mt hm phn thc hu t ln mt phng Z
freqz: tr v p ng tn s ca mt h thng ti mt s hu hn cc im ri rc trn vng trn n v
khi bit hm truyn t ca n
fft: thc hin bin i Fourier ri rc ca mt dy s c di hu hn theo thut ton bin i Fourier
nhanh v tr v kt qu bin i Fourier ri rc ca dy s
clock: tr v thi gian thc hin ti
etime: tr v thi gian tnh bng giy gia 2 thi im.
Bin i Z
Bin i Z ca mt tn hiu x(n) c nh ngha nh sau:
( ) ( )
n
n
X z x n z

BT 2.1. Tm bin i z ca dy ( ) 2 ( )
n
x n u n bng cc cch sau:
a. Tnh da trn nh ngha
b. Kim tra li bng hm ztrans trong Matlab.
Theo nh ngha ta c
( ) ( ).
2
n
n
z
X z x n z
z

Ta c th tnh X(z) trong Matlab bng hm ztrans. Nhng trc ht hy nh ngha bin n bng cu
lnh syms:
% Tim bien doi z
syms n positive
x=2.^n;
ztrans(x)
Bin i Z ngc
BT 2.2. Cho
2
2
( )
2 7 3
z
X z
z z
+

+
Tm bin i z ngc bng hai cch:
9
a. Khai trin thnh phn thc ti gin
b. Kim tra li bng hm iztrans trong Matlab
% Tim bien doi z nguoc
syms z
f = (z+2)/(2*z^2-7*z+3);
iztrans(f)
Thng d v cc im cc
BT 2.3. S dng lnh residuez ca Matlab, tnh cc im cc, thng d ti cc im cc ca hm X(z)
bi BT 2.2. T hy vit dng tng cc hm phn thc n gin ca X(z) v so snh vi kt qu
bi BT 2.2.
% Tinh thang du va diem cuc
b=[0 1 2];
a=[2 -7 3];
[r,p,k]=residuez(b,a)
% [b,a]=residuez(r,p,k;)
BT 2.4 Cho hm
1 1 2
2
( )
(1 2 )(1 )
X z
z z

Vit chng trnh Matlab s dng lnh residuez tm bin i z ngc ca X(z). (gi : s dng hm
poly xy dng a thc t danh sch cc nghim).
Cc im cc v im khng
BT 2.5 Cho hai h thng sau:
( ) 0, 6 ( 1) 0, 08 ( 2) 2 ( ) y n y n y n x n +
( ) 0, 7 ( 1) 0,1 ( 2) ( ) 0, 5 ( 2) y n y n y n x n x n +
a. Tnh hm truyn t H(z) ca mi h thng.
b. S dng lnh zplane biu din cc im cc, im khng ca hm truyn t v xt tnh n nh
ca tng h thng.
c. Vit chng trnh tm p ng xung ca h thng. (gi : s dng lnh residuez)
Bc 2. Tn hiu v h thng trong min tn s lin tc

(50 pht)
Ph ca tn hiu
Bin i Fourier ca tn hiu x(n) c nh ngha nh sau:
( ) ( )
j j n
n
X e x n e

Biu din theo phn thc phn o Re, Im
( ) ( ) ( )
Re Im
j j j
X e X e j X e

1 1
+
] ]
y l dng biu din quen thuc ca s phc.
10
Biu din theo Modul v Argument
( ) ( )
( )
arg
.
j
j X e
j j
X e X e e


1
]

y:
( )
j
X e

: Modul; ( )
arg
j
X e

1
]
: Argument
Ta c mt s khi nim nh sau:
- ( )
j
X e

: Ph ca tn hiu x(n).
- ( )
j
X e

: Ph bin ca tn hiu x(n).
- ( ) ( ) arg
j
X e


1

]
: Ph pha ca tn hiu x(n).
- ( ) ( )
( )
.
j j j
X e X e e

Cho dy ( ) 0, 5 ( )
n
x n u n . Vi t ch ng trnh b ng MATLAB th hi n trn th ph
( )
j
X e

t i 501 i m r i r c trong kho ng [0, ].
a. Tm bin i Z ca tn hiu x(n) bng hm ztrans
>> syms n positive;
x=0.5.^n;
X=ztrans(x)
X =
z/(z - 1/2)
Khi ph ca tn hiu x(n) l: ( )
0, 5
j
j
j
e
X e
e

b. Vit ch ng trnh b ng MATLAB th hi n trn th ph ( )

j
X e

t i 501 i m r i
r c trong kho ng [0, ].
% Ve do thi pho cua tin hieu x(n)
w = [0:1:500]*pi/500;
X = exp(j*w) ./ (exp(j*w)- 0.5*ones(1,501));
magX = abs(X); angX = angle(X);
realX = real(X); imagX = imag(X);
%
subplot(2,2,1); plot(w/pi,magX); grid;
title('Pho bien do'); xlabel('Tan so chuan hoa (pi)');
ylabel('Bien do');
subplot(2,2,3); plot(w/pi,angX); grid;
title('Pho pha'); xlabel('Tan so chuan hoa (pi)');
ylabel('Pho theo radians');
subplot(2,2,2); plot(w/pi,realX); grid;
title('Phan thuc'); xlabel('Tan so chuan hoa (pi)');
ylabel('Bien do');
subplot(2,2,4); plot(w/pi,imagX); grid;
11
title('Phan ao'); xlabel('Tan so chuan hoa (pi)');
ylabel('Bien do');
Trong Matlab cn c hm freqz tr v p ng tn s ca mt h thng ti mt s hu hn cc im ri
rc trn vng trn n v khi bit hm truyn t ca n
BT 2.6 Vit chng trnh Matlab s dng hm freqz v th ph ca tn hiu ( ) 0, 5 ( )
n
x n u n .
BT 2.7 Cho ph ( )
j
X e

c d ng sau:
/ 2
( ) .sin(3 )
j j
X e e

. Vi t ch ng trnh th hi n
trn th cc hm ph bin , ph pha, ph n th c v ph n o c a X(ej ), tnh
t i 2001 i m r i r c trong kho ng [-2 ,2].
BT 2.8 Cho dy
8
( ) ( ) x n rect n
. Vi t ch ng trnh tnh v th hi n ph c a dy x(n) t i
512 i m r i r c trong kho ng [0,]
p ng tn s ca h thng ( )
j
H e

BT 2.9 Vit chng trnh Matlab biu din p ng tn s dng ph bin , ph pha v dng phn
thc, phn o ca cc h thng tuyn tnh bt bin c m t bi phng trnh sai phn sau:
a.
( ) 0, 5 ( 1) ( ) 2 ( 1) ( 2) y n y n x n x n x n + +
b.
5 1 1
( ) ( 1) ( 2) ( 1)
6 6 3
y n y n y n x n +
Bc 3. Tn hiu v h thng trong min tn s ri rc (30 pht)
Bin i Fourier ri rc thun DFT
Cho dy x(n) c chiu di hu hn, khi bin i Fourier ri rc thun c nh ngha nh sau:
( )
( )
1
0
0 1
0
N
kn
N
n
x n W k N
X k
k

'

vi
2
k
j kn
j n kn
N
N
W e e

Ta cng c th biu din DFT di dng ma trn: ( ) ( )
1
0
.
N
kn
N
n
X k x n W

Ta khai trin:
k = 0: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 2 1
N N N N
X x W x W x W x N W + + + + L
k = 1: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) 1 0 1 2
1 0 1 2 1
N
N N N N
X x W x W x W x N W

+ + + + L
k = 2: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) 2 1 0 2 4
2 0 1 2 1
N
N N N N
X x W x W x W x N W

+ + + + L
..................
k=N-1: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) 2 1 1 1 0 1
1 0 1 2 1
N N N N
N N N N
X N x W x W x W x N W

+ + + + L
Ta k hiu:
12
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
0
1
2
1
X
X
X k X
X N
1
1
1
1

1
1
1

]
M
, ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
0
1
2
1
x
x
x n x
x N
1
1
1
1

1
1
1

]
M

( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 0 0
1 0 1 2
2 1 0 2 4
1 2 1 1 1 0
N N N N
N
N N N N
N
N
N N N N
N N N N
N N N N
W W W W
W W W W
W
W W W W
W W W W

1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
]
K
K
K
M M M O M
K
Ta c th vit li cho gn dng biu din theo ma trn nh sau:
( ) ( ) .
N
X k x n W
function [Xk] = dft(xn,N)
% Tim bien doi Fourier roi rac thuan
% ---------------------------------------------
% [Xk] = dft(xn,N)
% Xk = day cac he so DFT tren doan 0<=k<=N-1
% xn = day huu han N diem
% N = chieu dai DFT
%
n = [0:1:N-1];
k = [0:1:N-1];
WN = exp(-j*2*pi/N);
nk = n' * k;
WNnk = WN .^ nk; % ma tran DFT
Xk = xn * WNnk;
Da vo hm ny, c th tnh DFT 20 im ca tn hiu
5
( ) ( ) x n rect n
bng chng trnh di y:
% Tinh DFT 20 diem cua day x(n)
L = 5; N = 20;
n = [0:N-1];
xn = [ones(1,L), zeros(1,N-L)];
k = n;
Xk = dft(xn,N);
magXk = abs(Xk);
%
subplot(4,2,1); stem(n,xn);
axis([min(n),max(n)+1,-0.5,1.5]);
title('Sequence x(n)');
xlabel('n'); ylabel('x(n)');
subplot(4,2,3); stem(k,magXk);
axis([min(k),max(k)+1,-0.5,5.5]);
title('DFT of SQ. wave: L=5, N=20');
xlabel('k'); ylabel('X(k)');
13
BT 2.10 Vi t ch ng trnh tnh v th hi n trn th bi n i Fourier r i r c c a cc
dy sau:
a. Dy c chiu di 40 v
5
( ) ( ) x n rect n
b. Dy c chiu di 80 v
5
( ) ( ) x n rect n
c. Dy c chiu di 100 v
8
( ) ( ) x n rect n
Bin i Fourier ri rc ngc IDFT
( )
( )
1
0
1
0 1
0
N
kn
N
k
X k W n N
x n N
n

'

vi
2
k
j kn
j n kn
N
N
W e e

function [xn] = idft(Xk,N)
% Tim bien doi Fourier roi rac nguoc
% ---------------------------------------------
% [xn] = idft(Xk,N)
% xn = day co chieu dai huu han tren doan 0<=n<=N-1
% Xk = day cac he so DFT tren doan 0<=k<=N-1
% N = chieu dai DFT
%
n = [0:1:N-1];
k = [0:1:N-1];
WN = exp(-j*2*pi/N);
nk = n' * k;
WNnk = WN .^ (-nk); % ma tran IDFT
xn = (Xk * WNnk)/N;
Bin i Fourier nhanh FFT
Trong biu thc DFT ta thy c N phng trnh, trong mi phng trnh c N php nhn. Do ,
tnh DFT cn N
2
php nhn. Thut ton bin i Fourier nhanh FFT cho php ta khc phc c nhc
im ny, ngha l cho php gim s php nhn xung khi tnh DFT.
Chng trnh di y bi u di n trn th bi u th hi n m i quan h gi a chi u di
dy N, N bi n
thin t 1 n 2048, v i th i gian th c hi n bi n i Fourier c a hm MATLAB .
% Do thi thoi gian tinh FFT
Nmin = 1;
Nmax = 2048;
fft_time = zeros(1,Nmax-Nmin+1);
for n = Nmin:1:Nmax
x = rand(1,n);
t = clock;
fft(x);
fft_time(n-Nmin+1) = etime(clock,t);
end %for
n = [Nmin:1:Nmax];
14
plot(n,fft_time,'.')
xlabel('N');ylabel('Time in Secs');
title('FFT execution times');
Chy chng trnh ny trong c a s l nh c a MATLAB v xem k t qu trn th . Nh n
xt v k t qu th hi n trn th .
3.3. Ghi nhn, phn tch kt qu: 30 pht
4. NH GI KT QU:
- Thc hin/thao tc thc t: 4 im
- Phn tch kt qu: 4 im
- Cu hi m rng: 2 im
- im bi 1: 10 im
15