Trung Tm KTTH HN HNG TR - T: in C kh Tin hc -------

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E CNG ON TAP NGHE IEN DAN DUNG

THPT 105T

cng n tp in dn dng THPT

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Nm hc: 2010 2011

------------------------( Ti liu lu hnh ni b ) CNG N TP L THUYT & THC HNH MN: GIO DC NGH IN DN DNG T.H.P.T. Nm hc 2010 2011 A/ PHN L THUYT : Cu 1: V tr, vai tr ca in nng trong sn xut v i sng? Vic cung cp y nng lng, c bit l in nng rt cn thit cho n nh kinh t x hi v chnh tr trong mi quc gia. Hin nay in nng l ngun ng lc ch yu cho sn xut v i sng v nhng l do sau: 1- in nng c sn xut tp trung trong cc nh my in ( nhit in, thy in) v c th truyn ti i xa vi hiu sut cao 2- Qu trnh truyn ti, phn phi v s dng in d dng t ng ha v iu khin t xa. 3- in nng d bin i thnh cc dng nng lng khc: c nng ( ng c in), nhit nng ( bp in..), quang nng ( n in). 4- Trong sinh hot in nng ng vai tr quan trng nh nh sng, nhit, my v tuyn, cc thit b in v in t, tin hc mi hot ng c. 5- Nh in nng mi nng cao nng sut lao ng, ci thin i sng, thc y KH-KT pht trin Cu 2: Gio dc ngh in dn dng c ngha nh th no i vi hc sinh chng ta hin nay? Ngh in dn dng l mt trong nhiu ngh ca ngnh in. Ngnh in rt a dng, tuy nhin c th chia thnh cc nhm ngh sau y: - Sn xut, thuyn ti v phn phi in nng - Ch to vt t v cc thit b in - o lng, iu khin, t ng ha sn xut - Sa cha nhng hng hc ca cc thit b, ca mng in v dng in Ngh in dn dng rt a dng v hot ng ch yu trong cc lnh vc s dng in nng phc v i sng, sinh hot v sn xut ca cc h tiu th in nh: - Lp t mng in sn xut nh v mng in sinh hot, mng in chiu sng trong nh , cc cng trnh cng cng ngoi tri - Lp t cc thit b v dng in phc v sn xut v sinh hotVD: ng c in, qut gi, my bm, my iu ha khng kh - Bo dng, vn hnh, sa cha, khc phc s c xy ra trong mng in sinh hot, cc thit b v dng in trong nh Do vy, ngh in dn dng gp phn thc hin cng nghip ha v hin i ha nn kinh t t nc, s pht trin nghnh in v nng cao cht lng cuc sng con ngi. Cu 3: Tai nn in xy ra do nhng nguyn nhn no? 1- Tai nn in:
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Nhng s c v in xy ra rt nhanh v nguy him. C rt nhiu nguyn nhn gy ra tai nn in, nhng phn nhiu do ch quan ca ngi lao ng khn tun th cc nguyn tc an ton in. Nhng tai nn in xy thng do cc nguyn nhn sau: - Chm vo vt mang in nh: Khng ct in khi sa cha ng dy v thit b in. - Do ch lm vic cht hp, ngi lm v chm vo b phn mang in. - Do s dng cc dng c in c v kim loi nh qut bn, bn l in, ni cm in m b hng b phn cch in r in ra v - Vi phm khong cch an ton vi li in ( cao v h th) in phng qua gy git hoc t chy c th.. - Do in p bc: in p chnh lch gia 2 bc chn ngi khi di chuyn trong vng b nhim in cao th.. 2- Nguyn nhn khc: - Do tai nn xy ra khi lm vic trn cao. Cn phi ch an ton khng xy ra tai nn. - Ngoi ra, cng vic lp t cn phi thc hin mt s cng vic c kh nh khoan, c,nn cn phi ch an ton lao ng. Cu 4: Nu cc bin php an ton lao ng trong ngh in dn dng? 1- Cc bin php ch ng phng trnh tai nn in: Phi che chn, m bo khong cch an ton vi cc thit b in. - m bo tt cch in cc thit b in. - S dng in p thp, my bin p cch li. - S dng nhng bin bo, tn hiu nguy him. - S dng cc phng tin phng h an ton 2- Thc hin an ton lao ng trong phng thc hnh hoc phn xng sn xut: a) Phng thc hnh hoc phn xng SX phi tiu chun an ton lao ng + Ni lm vic c nh sng. + Ch lm vic sch s, thng thong. + C chun b sn cho trng hp cp cu nh: phng v cha chy; dng c s cu y t; in thoi cp cu b) Mc qun o v s dng dng c lao ng khi lm vic: Nh o, knh, m bo h, giy ng c) Thc hin cc nguyn tc an ton lao ng: + Lun cn thn khi lm vic vi mng in + Hiu r quy trnh trc khi lm vic. + Ct cu dao in trc khi sa cha + Trc khi lm vic tho b ng h, n trang + S dng cc dng c lao ng ng tiu chun an ton in: + Trng hp phi thao tc khi ang c in th phi ng trn cc vt lt cch in khi sa cha, Nn c bt th in kim tra in p an ton 3- Ni t bo v hoc ni trung tnh bo v an ton cho cc thit b v dng in. Nhm m bo an ton cho ngi s dng khi xy ra hin tng in chm v , ngi ta s dng mng in trung tnh ni t. - Cch thc hin: Dng dy dn ng tiu chun, mt u bt bu-lng tht cht vo v kim loi ca thit b, u kia
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hn vo cc ni t. Dy ni t c b tr va trnh va chm, va d kim tra. Cc ni t c 3 5 cm, di 2,5 3 mt, ng su 0,8 1m xung nn t m. - Tc dng bo v: Gi s v ca thit b c in , khi ngi cm tay chm vo, dng in s t v theo 2 ng truyn xung t: Qua ngi v qua dy ni t. V in tr thn ngi ln hn hng vn ln in tr dy ni t, nn dng in qua ngi rt nh v khng gy tai nn. Cu 5: Vai tr quan trng ca o lng in i vi ngh in dn dng? o lng in l xc nh cc i lng vt l ca dng in nh cc dng c o lng nh Ampe k, vn k, Ohm k, Watt k , Tn s khay cng t in ( KWh k) o lng in ng vai tr rt quan trng i vi ngh in dn dng v nhng l do n gin sau: 1- Nh dng c o lng c th xc nh tr s cc i lng in trong mch. 2- Nh dng c o, c th pht hin mt s h hng xy ra trong thit b v mch in: V d : dng vn nng k o ngui 2 cc ni ca bn l bit c hng khng? Dng vn nng k o v t lnh c b r in khng?... 3- i vi cc thit b in mi ch to hoc sau khi i tu, bo dng cn o cc thng s k thut nh gi cht lng ca chng. Nh cc dng c o v mch o thch hp, c th xc nh cc thng s k thut ca cc thit b in. Cu 6: Dng c o lng in c bao nhiu loi? Dng c o lng in c th phn chia theo: 1- Theo i lng cn o Dng c o in p: Dng c o dng in Dng c o cng sut Dng c o in nng Dng c o Vn k ( V ) Ampe k ( A k ) Ot k ( W ) Cng t in ( KWh ) K hiu K hiu

V A
W
KWh

2- Theo nguyn l lm vic: Dng c o kiu t in Dng c o kiu in t Dng c o kiu in ng

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Dng c o kiu cm ng

Cu 7: Cp chnh xc ca dng c o l g? o lng bao gi cng c sai s. Khi mc dng c o vo mch, dng c o tiu th mt phn in nng lm cho gi tr c v gi tr thc c s chnh lch. + chnh lch gia gi tr thc v gi tr c gi l sai s tuyt i. + T l chnh lch gia gi tr o v gi tr thc gi l sai s tng i Da vo t s % gia sai s tuyt i v gi tr ln nht ca thang o ngi ta chia cc dng c o c 7 cp chnh xc: Dng c c cp chnh xc : 0,05 0,1 0,2 l rt chnh xc. Dng c in thng c cp chnh xc 1 1,5. VD: Vn k c cp chnh xc l 1 th khi o thang o 200 vn, c c 200 vn; th sai s tuyt i l:

200.1 = 2v 100
Cu 8: Lm th no kim tra cng t in 1 pha? Mun kim tra mt cng t in loi 1 pha , ta phi lp mch o v kim tra cng t in, tnh c hng s cng t (C). Mch o nh sau:
KWh

A V
P=100W

Sau lp bng kt qu kim tra hng s cng t, sau so snh vi hng s cng t nh mc ghi trn nhn ca cng t bit cng t in chy ng hay sai. Trnh t - Lp mch o - Ghi kt qu I (A) U (V) P= U.I (W) S vng quay Trong 1 pht : N Hng s cng t
C= N P.t

Cu 9: Nu phng php s dng vn nng k o in tr? Vn nng k l dng c o nhiu chc nng, ch yu o in tr, in p ( xoay chiu v mt chiu), cng ( A ). Cch o thng dng nht l o in tr; bng cch o in tr ta c 5

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th kim tra thng mch nh i vi dy tc bng n, cun dy my bin p, r le; hoc kim tra, pht hin cc b phn b t dy hoc chp mch Quy trnh s dng vn nng k o in tr nh sau: + Ct in ca mch in cn o trc. + M thang o in tr, chn thang o ph hp t thang o ln nht x + Hiu chnh nm chnh in tr v = 0 ( khi chp 2 que o chm nhau ) + Ln lt o cc in tr, ghi s liu, so snh s chnh xc + Ch khng chm tay vo que o c th lm sai s o. Cu 10: Nu cng dng ca my bin p? My bin p l thit b in t tnh dng thay i in p m vn gi nguyn tn s dng in. My bin p c s dng nhiu trong cc lnh vc nh: 1- Trong truyn ti v phn phi in nng: C cc my tng p truyn in nng trn ng dy cao p, sau c cc my h p a in nng n mng phn phi v tiu th. 2- Trong sinh hot: cc h tiu th in c cc loi my tng gim in p ( sub-volteur) hoc cc my bin p t ng ( auto volt) 3- Trong k thut in t: Bin p v chnh lu ngun in, bin p cao tn, trung tn, m tn Trong k thut o lng in Cu 11: My bin p c cc s liu nh mc no? Cc s liu nh mc ca my bin p quy nh iu kin k thut ca my, c nh ch to ghi trn nhn ca my : 1- Dung lng hay cng sut nh mc S m : Cng sut ton phn ca my, tnh bng VA hoc KVA. 2- in p s cp nh mc U1m : Tnh bng V hoc KV. in p th cp nh mc U2m : Tnh bng V hoc KV. 3- Dng in s cp nh mc I1m Tnh bng A hoc KA.Dng in th cp nh mc I2m Tnh bng A hoc KA. 4- Tn s nh mc ca my: f m ( Tnh bng Hz, thng tn s cng nghip l 50 Hz) Cu 12: Nguyn l lm vic ca my bin p nh th no? My bin p hot ng c da trn nguyn l hin tng cm ng in t: Cho dng in bin i i qua 1 cun dy in s sinh ra mt t trng bin i.Nu t cun dy th 2 trong t trng bin i ca cun th nht th s sinh ra mt sc in ng cm ng v dng in cm ng. Dng in ny cng bin i nh dng in sinh ra n. Mc cm ng cng mnh khi c 2 cun dy c qun trn cng mt li thp. Nguyn l lm vic ca my bin p: My bin p (MBA) gm c cun dy s cp N1 vng dy v cun dy th cp N2 vng dy qun trn cng 1 li thp ( hnh 1 ) I1 I2

U1

E1

E2

U2

N1
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N2
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+ Khi ni cun N1 vi dng in s cp I1, dng in ny s sinh ra trong li thp t thng bin thin (). Do mch t khp kn nn t thng ny mc vng cm ng ra sc in ng cm ng E2 trong cun dy th cp, t l vi s vng dy N2. ng thi t thng bin thin cng sinh ra sc in ng t cm E1 trong cun s cp, t l s vng dy s cp N1. Nu b qua s tn hao v in v t ( v rt nh) th ta c:

U 1 E1 v U 2 E 2 Do :

U 1 E1 N 1 = =k U 2 E2 N 2

Trong : - U1 v U2 l tr s hiu dng ca in p s cp v th cp. - N1 v N2 l s vng dy cun s cp v th cp - k : t s bin i ca MBA ( t s MBA) MBA c k > 1 ( U1 > U2 ) gi l my bin p gim p. MBA c k < 1 ( U1 < U2 ) gi l my bin p tng p. + Cng sut MBA nhn t ngun l S1 = U1 . I1 ( n v VA ) + Cng sut MBA cp cho ph ti l S2 = U2 . I2 ( n v VA ) B qua tn hao, ta c S1 = S2 v do : U1.I1 = U2 . I2 , do :

U1 I1 = =k U2 I2

Nh vy, nu tng in p ln k ln, th dng in s gim k ln; v ngc li. Cu 13: S dng my bin p nn nh th no? S dng my bin p ng quy nh th tui th my cao, lm vic m bo hn. Ta nn: a- in p ngun ng vi in p nh mc. b- Cng sut tiu th ca ph ti khng c ln hn cng sut nh mc ca my. Nu in p ngun gim qu thp my s b qu ti, cn phi gim bt ph ti. c- Ch t my phi kh ro, thong, t bi. d- Theo di nhit ca my thng xuyn, nu thy nng phi kim tra ph ti. e- Thay i in p my, hoc lau chi my phi ngt in trc khi thao tc. f- Lp cc thit b bo v nh cu ch, r-le, p t mt bo v my. g- Th in cho my bin p. Cu 14: Nhng h hng thng gp ca my bin p? 1- B chp mch 1 s vng dy, my nng, in p ra khng . Tr s dng in s cp s vt qu dng nh mc 2- Chm mt: nu v my khng ni t, my vn lm vic bnh thng nhng rt nguy him, cn x l cch in ch chm ngay. 3- t dy: in khng vo my: Kim tra cu ch, phch cm, cc u mi tip xc v cc chuyn mch, r-leDng vn nng k kim tra, pht hin ch t hn ni li. Cu 15: ng c in gm c my loi? ng c in c phn loi theo nhiu cch khc nhau: 1) Theo loi dng in lm vic: + ng c in lm vic vi in xoay chiu (AC): Gi l ng c in xoay chiu. + ng c in lm vic vi in mt chiu (DC): Gi l ng c in mt chiu. M hnh dy qun cc loi ng c in xoay chiu:

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2)Theo nguyn l lm vic: + ng c in xoay chiu ng b : c n = n1 + ng c in xoay chiu khng ng b : n < n1 ng c qut in trong nh thng l ng c in xoay chiu khng ng b 1 pha, kiu in dung. Ghi ch: Trn thc t khng c ng c 2 pha. Ch c ng c 1 pha c cun dy ph t lch 900 in so cun dy chnh. Cu 16: Cc i lng nh mc ca ng c in l g? Cc i lng nh mc l s liu k thut quan trng ca nh sn xut ng c in lm vic c tt, bn lu v an ton. l cc i lng: i lng Cng sut c c ch trn trc: in p stato: Dng in stato: Tn s dng in stato: Tc quay r to: H s cng sut: Hiu sut: K hiu P m (W; KW; HP =750W) U m( V ) I m(A) f m( Hz) n m ( rpm: vng / pht) cos m( < 1) m( % )

Cu 17: Cu to, nguyn l lm vic ng c in vng chp? 1- Cu to: Gm 2 phn chnh l stato ( phn ng yn) v rto (phn quay). a) Stato: Gm li thp v dy qun tp trung. - Cc t c x rnh lp vng ng ngn mch b) Rto: Gm li thp v dy qun kiu lng sc. - Li thp c x rnh lp cc thanh dn song song v ni vi nhau bi 2 vng ngn mch. 2- Nguyn l lm vic: Khi cho dng in xoay chiu vo dy qun stato, s xut hin dng in cm ng trong vng chp. Dng in trong vng chp v trong dy qun lch nhau to thnh t trng quay. -T trng quay tc dng ln dng in cm ng thanh dn r to to thnh lc in t F khin ng c quay. Tc quay ca ng c 1 pha c vng ngn mch chm hn so vi tc t trng quay, v l ng c khng ng b.
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Cu 18: Cu to, nguyn l lm vic ng c in dung? 1- Cu to: Gm 2 phn: - Stato c nhiu rnh, trong cc rnh t hai dy qun. + Dy qun chnh cn gi l dy lm vic(LV), l dy in t c qun thnh nhiu bi dy tng ng cc cc t, t vng, dy ln. + Dy qun ph: Gi l dy qun khi ng (K), cng l dy in t qun nhiu vng, dy nh. Trc ca dy qun chnh v ph lch nhau 900 in trong khng gian. Dy qun ph ni tip vi 1 t in C. ( xem s ) - R to: Kiu r to lng sc. 2-Nguyn l lm vic: Khi cho dng in xoay chiu 1 pha vo 2 dy qun stato. Dng in qua dy chnh v dy ph ( c ni vi t) nn lch pha nhau 900 to thnh t trng quay. T trng quay tc dng ln dng in cm ng trong r to lc in t F ko r to quay vi tc n < n1 :tc ca t trng quay . Do , ng c ny gi l ng c khng ng b 1 pha. Cu 19: Lm th no o chiu quay ng c 1 pha? Mun i chiu quay ca ng c 1 pha, ngi ta i chiu ca moment quay. Cch thc hin l o u ni dy ca dy qun chnh hoc dy qun ph

D1
LV

D1 D3 D2

D2
D3

~ 220V

Roto

D4

D4

C
-Quay thun

D1 LV D2 D3
K

D1 D4

D2
D3

~ 220V

Roto

D4

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-Quay ngc

- D1 v D2 l cc u dy qun chnh. - D3 v D4 l cc u dy qun ph. Cu 20: Mt s bin php iu chnh tc ng c qut in? iu chnh tc qut in ngi ta thng s dng phng php thay i in p vo dy qun stato. Sau y l 1 s phng php thng dng: 1- Dng cun khng thay i tc : S dng trn cc loi qut trn v mt s qut bn. Ngi ta ni cun lm vic ca qut vi 1 cun khng (K) c li thp c nhiu u dy ni vi cng tc tc . Khi chuyn cng tc tng nc, in p qua cun khng s thay i do tc qut cng thay i.

2- Thay i s vng dy stato iu chnh tc : qut bn, ngi ta qun thm nhng cun dy s ( cun dy tc ) trc tip vo stato. Khi dng in qua cc cun dy s ( nh cun khng), in p qua dy qun stato s gim, do tc ng c qut s gim ( hnh 2 ) - Cch 1: Trn ng c vng chp:

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- Cch 2: Trn ng c in dung ( ng c c cun ph ni t in thng trc): Dng cun s (K) u chung vi cun khi ng (K) v cun chnh (Lv) iu chnh tc nh hnh v: + S 1: Cun LV nhn in p nh mc ( 1-A), qut chy nhanh nht. + S 2: in p qua cun LV gim (v 2-B), qut chy chm hn. + S 3: in p qua cun LV gim nhiu ( v 3-C), qut chy chm nht.

3- Dng mch bn dn v Triac iu chnh tc qut in: Nguyn l ca mch l c 1 Triac T ( i-t bn dn c cc khin ) v 1 mch in t dng VR ( bin tr c con chy ) iu khin in p vo cng cc iu khin ca Triac T, khin in p vo ng c Q thay i. + Khi ng K, dng in qua mch R1-R2. iu chnh VR1, in p tng qua t C, t C phng in qua cng kch ca Triac T, triac T dn cp in p cho ng c Q ca qut chy. Bin tr VR1 iu chnh c in p ca t C nn iu chnh c in p qua Triac T 1 cch v cp nn tc qut cng c iu chnh v cp.
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Cu 21: Mt s cng vic cn lm trc khi ng in vo ng c? 1- Nghin cu l lch my, xem cc s liu k thut trn bin my. 2- Kim tra v xit li c vt, trn ca trc quay, cch in ( nh dng bt th in) 3- Kim tra cc b phn bo v nh cnh qut, ai truyn an ton cho ngi s dng. 4- Kim tra cc mch bo v nh: cu ch, ap t mt, r letn hiu, n bo 5- in p ngun c ph hp vi in p ng c khng? Cu 22: S dng v bo dng qut in? a- S dng qut in: 1- Qut mi s dng phi bc lp g u trc, b i. Sau cho 1 t du nhn vo u trc. Qut c dng li, phi tra du vo cc b phn chuyn ng nh bc, bi, tuc nng 2- Thng xuyn theo di, quan st, thy qut ang chy c hin tng khng bnh thng ( nng, c mi kht, khi) phi ct in, kim tra sa cha. 3- Nn t qut in ni kh, thong gi 4- Qut chy lu nn ngh t pht qut ngui ri mi chy li 5- Khi khi ng cn n nt tc cao thi gian khi ng ngn, m men khi ng cao, sau mi iu chnh tc va phi dng b- Bo dng qut in: + Gi gn qut sch s, nu b dy du m dng gi kh lau sch. + Khi khng dng phi lm v sinh, tra 1 t du vo trc, bi m chng g.. + Khi dng qut lu : Hp tn gi khng gn mn ca, ri ; khng da vo tng v qut ht lng gi km. Khi khng mun cnh tn gi dng khng c dng tay gi qut, qut s b hng trc quay Cu 23: Nhng h hng thng gp ng c in? 1-Phn c kh: Kt trc: nghe ting va p mnh l do st ct ( r to chm sta to). Hoc do trc b cong vnh, cn a r to ra nn trc. Chy lc v rung, c ting n, thy trc r: Do mn bi, mn bc hoc mn trc, cn thay li mi. My chy c ting o..o, hoc c ting g nh, cn kim tra xit cht cc c vt, vng m 2- Phn in: ng in ngun, ng c khng lm vic, my chy yu, c mi kht, nng, r in ra v Do cc nguyn nhn: Dy ni ngun b t ngm Hng cch in, dy chm v t ngm hoc ngn mch cun dy Hng t in Chy cun dy. Cu 24: Nhng h hng thng gp qut in v cch khc phc? TT Hin tng
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Nguyn nhn v cch khc phc

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12

ng in vo qut, qut khng chy

ng in vo qut, qut khi ng kh khn ng in vo, qut lc chy, lc khng

B chuyn tc khng hot ng B tuc nng trc trc Cnh qut tut, chy ra chy vo ng c in qu nng

5 6

Qut b r in

- Mt in ngun . Phch cm lng, t dy ngun ni cm, dy phch cm ( on gn phch cm, gn qut) - Cng tc chuyn mch tip xc xu, cun dy in khng hp tc hng, t: Kim tra v ni li . - T in hng ( thay t mi ) - Cun dy stato b t, chy: Thay cun dy stato mi hoc qun li. - Nu ngun in bnh thng th do trc b kt (b), hoc bnh xe rng b kt:.. - Kim tra trc, bc, iu chnh ng tm ca trc, chm du, hoc tp trc - Cc tip im trong mch in khng tt - Dy dn, mi hn b lng tip xc xu - Dy qun stato, cc tip im chuyn mch xu + Kim tra bng VOM, tm ch tip xc xu, hn ni li. + Trng hp trc tuc nng b b cht: Cn phi sa cha, iu chnh li b phn tuc nng. - B phm cng tc hng: Hn li hoc thay mi. - B dy in khng ca hp s hoc cc cun dy s stato b chp : Kim tra bng vn nng k, qun li hoc thay mi cun khng. - Bnh rng truyn ng b hng, cc rng ca bnh xe b mn. Thanh dng ca c cu b gy, b tut vt + Kim tra, thay bnh rng mi - Cha vn cht vt kha tri cnh qut, cnh qut b lng , gi + Kim tra v vn cht vt kha, ch lp cnh qut ng khe c nh.. - Nhit mi trng qu nng. ng thng ca qut b tc: Cn lau sch du m, bi bm. - in p ngun qu cao: Diu chnh li in p nh mc - Cc dy qun b chp: Tho ra qun li.. - Trc qu mn, thiu du bi trn: Thay trc hoc lau sch du m trc, tra du mi. - Qut b r in vn hot ng c nhng nguy him. Nn kim tra cc phn t, tm ch r cch in . Khng du m dy ra v lm r in

Cu 25: Cch s dng v bo dng my bm nc bng in? 1- S dng my bm nc: + Lp t my bm nc dng trong gia nh: - V tr t my nn thun tin cho s dng: Ngn ng ng, t khc gp, kh, tin cho chy ng dy in. - Khng gn tng hoc cc vt cn. Mt bng phng, kh ro. - ng nc phi ng chun, cc ch ni phi cht v kn nc. - ng dy cp in nn dng loi dy mm, ch in tt,. Phch cm v cm phi l loi tt, kn nc..V my phi ni t bo v.. + Vn hnh my bm: ng in vo my bm. Quan st my lm vic, nu thy my
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lm vic khng bnh thng, kim tra v khc phc 2- Bo dng my bm nc: - Gi gn my kh, sch, nu c du m phi lau sch bng gi kh - ng c lm bo dng nh qut in. - Phn bm cn ch ng nc khng b tc, b r kh, b gp hay tc ng ht. Cu 26: Mt s h hng my bm nc v cch khc phc? TT 1 Hin tng ng in vo my, ng c in khng quay Nguyn nhn v cch khc phc - Mt in p ngun cung cp: Kim tra li ngun in, phch cm, p t mt, cu ch - Mch cp in cho my b hng, tip xc km: Kim tra, sa cha v cch in - Vi my t ng iu khin: Kim tra phao, cng tc, cc phn t mch iu khin - in p ngun qu thp: Kim tra v tng in p ngun cho ng nh mc. - T in hng: thay t mi. - Dy qun b chp, kh khi ng: Kim tra, qun li ng c. - bi b mn, trc cong: Kim tra, thay bi. chnh ng tm. - R to c xt stato do b g bm: Tho r to lm sch.. - Khng c nc u ng ht: Kim tra li - Khng nc mi: Mi nc y khng b lt kh vo - ng ht b nc, gy v - u ming ht b rc bm: Kim tra lm sch ng ht. - Dy qun b chp 1 s vng: Tho ra qun li. - Dy qun b chy, b chp mch: Qun li - Ch dy ni b r in ra v, my vn chy: Kim tra, bc cch in. - Dy qun b m, b ng nc: Kim tra, sy li v tm cht cch in ri mi s dng li.

C du hiu in vo, ng c rung nh nhng my khng quay My chy m, khng c nc y ra My chy m, nc ra yu ng c in nhanh b nng Khi ng in cho my, p t mt hoc cu dao b ct ng c b r in ra v

3 4 5 6 7

Cu 27: Cch s dng my sy tc? 1. Khng s dng my sy tc khi ang tm, ra . 2. Khng my sy tc ri xung nc hoc dung dch khc nht l khi ang cm in. 3. Khng dng my lm vic qu nng n ( lm tan t lnh..) 4. Khng chc que qua ca thi gi 5. Khng dng my trong mi trng c hi ha cht ( nh khi phun nc hoa ln tc dng my sy s lm my chy..) 6. Khng c tho mn chn ca gi vo v ra Cu 28: Nhng iu lu khi s dng my git? 1. Kim tra loi b cc vt l, cng trong git. 2. Khng git ln phai mu.
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Git ring cng nng vi mm. Git ring qu bn Sau vi tun s dng, nn lm v sinh ci lc nc. Khi ngng hot ng 1 thi gian, cho my chy ch vt khong 1 pht x ht nc, rt phch cm in. Cu 29: V s trnh t thao tc ca my git? My git lm vic theo 1 nguyn l chung vi quy trnh l : git, gi, vt.. theo s sau y: Np nc sch Bt git X phng Np nc sch

3. 4. 5. 6.

GIT

VT
X nc bn

GI

VT
X nc bn

Git 1 ln t 3 n 18 pht

Gi t 1 n 3 ln mi ln gi t 6 n 7 pht

CHNG TRNH GIT Cu 30: Nhng h hng ca my git v cch khc phc? TT Hin tng Nguyn nhn v cch khc phc 1 n bo khng sng - Mt in p ngun cung cp: Kim tra li ngun in cm, p t mt, cu ch - Tip xc km gia cm v phch cm: Kim tra, sa cha v thay th. - Cu ch my b t, t dy dn t phch cm n my 2 C in vo, n bo - Mt nc ngun cp: p sut nc < 0,3 kg/cm2 sng nhng khng c - Van ngun nc b hng. du hiu nc np vo - Li lc nc ngun b bn, b tc.. thng - Van in t b kt, Cun dy np nc b chy - Khng c in cp cho van np 3 Np nc , my lm - C vt l, nh cng ( cc o, cha kha, kim bng,) ri lt vic nhng mm khuy di khe ca mm khuy. kh quay, kt hoc - Cho qu nhiu git vo thng, hoc mc nc t qu. khng quay c - Dy cu-roa truyn b nho, trt, t - ng c in chnh b hng. - T in ca ng c b hng. 4 Khi vt, my b rung v - git b xon cht vo nhau thnh cm, thnh hngPhi lc mnh, c ting va m np, g ti ra v dn u ra cc pha ca thng git. p vo thng my.. 5 My hot ng bnh - Cc bi b kh m hoc mn nhiu, phi thay m hoc thay thng nhng c ting bi mi n ln 6 My hot ng bnh - Dy qun ng c b chy, b chp mch: Qun li
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thng nhng c mi kht, mm khuy quay yu, chm.. Chm in ra v my

- T in ng c hng: Thay mi. - C dy dn mang in b mt lp cch in, r in ra v, my vn chy: Phi bc cch in, hoc thay dy mi. - Dy qun ng c c th b m, b ng nc: Kim tra, sy li v tm cht cch in ri mi s dng li.

Cu 31: Trnh t tin hnh tnh ton, thit k lp mng in nh th no? 1. Xc nh mc ch, yu cu s dng mng in 2. a ra cc phng n thit k v chn phng n thch hp. 3. Chn dy dn, thit b bo v, ng ct v ngun ly in ca mng in. 4. Lp t v kim tra mng in theo mc ch thit k. 5. Vn hnh th v sa cha nhng li ( nu c Cu 32: Mt s yu cu s dng mng in trong nh: Thit k mng in trong nh phi m bo cho vic s dng in an ton, thun tin, bn chc v p. Mng in trong nh phi t nhng yu cu sau: 1. t tiu chun an ton in. 2. B sung thun tin, d kim tra v sa cha. 3. Khng nh hng gia mch in chiu sng v cc mch in cung cp in cho cc thit b v dng in khc. 4. t cc yu cu k thut v m thut. Ngoi ra, cn tnh n nhng yu cu ring ca ngi s dng. Ty vo kinh t, m thut, s thch Cu 33: Chn dy dn v cc thit b in trong mng in nn nh th no? 1. Chn dy dn: Vic chn dy dn cn cc iu kin sau: a) Tit din dy: Ty thuc dng in s dng I sd. Dng Isd = Pt : U. Sau khi tnh c Isd em so snh vi dng in cho php Icp ca tng tit din dy dn c trong bng chn. Nn chn Isd Icp. T/din (mm2) 1 1.5 Icp (A) 6A 10 T/din (mm2) 2.5 4 Icp(A) 15 25 T/din (mm2) 6 10 Icp(A) 35 55

b) Chiu di dy: Theo s tnh ton. c) V cch in: Ph hp in p li in v iu kin lp t. Chn in p cch in ca v I cd Icp 2- Chn cu ch: + Cu ch phi tc ng khi c s c qu ti hoc ngn mch. + Cu ch lm vic c tnh chn lc , ngha l tc ng tc thi, nhanh, khng nh hng n mch chung. + Dy chy khng b chy khi dng in s dng lu di.
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3- Chn cu dao hoc p t mt: + Dng nh mc ca cu dao >dng ca mng in. + p t mt tc ng ngt mch khi dng > 6-10 ln nh mc, thi gian tc ng 0,01 0, 2 s. Tc ng khi qu ti, tc ng khi c dng r 60 500 mA 4- Chn cc thit b ng ct v ly in: Nh cng tc, cm p ng dng nh mc v s dng c lu di Cu 34: Nguyn nhn h hng ca mng in v bin php khc phc? a) D on s b nguyn nhn gy h hng ca cc b phn ca mng in gm c: Nhng nguyn nhn ch quan: + Do vn hnh, thao tc khng ng quy trnh k thut, hoc do thit k mng in, tnh chn thit b khng chnh xc. Nguyn nhn khch quan: li ca sn phm, nh cung cp, do yu t mi trng ( nng qu, bi , m) b) Tin hnh bo dng, sa cha: + Nu h hng do vn hnh: Cn tin hnh bo dng, sa cha, thay th. + Nu do thit k, chn thit b, yu t mi trngCn phi hiu chnh li, hoc thay th cc phn t thch hp, tim tra ton mng. + Do li sn phm: Xc nh nguyn nhn v bin php khc phc. Cu 35: Mt s s c h hng mng in thng gp: - Mng in trong nh thng c nhng h hng chnh l t mch, ngn mch, r in v qu ti. 1- t mch: Mch in b t mt ni no lm ngng qu trnh cung cp in cho 1 nhnh hay tan b mch. Nguyn nhn l do t cu ch, mi ni xu, tut u dy, li b t ngm 2- Ngn mch: Do hng cch in gia dy pha v dy ngui: dy nng chp vo dy ngui/ ngn mch lm n cu ch, nu dng ngn mch tn ti lu s lm chy dy, hng cc thit b in hoc chy nh 3- S c r in: Do hng cch in gia phn mang in ca thit b hoc dy dn ra v. R in c th gy tai nn in nhng mch in vn lm vic c. Cch x l: Trc ht ta phi xc nh nguyn nhn h hng ca mng in, sau kim tra tm thit b b hng hoc on dy tSau phi ct in sa cha, khc phc h hng ri mi cho mng in hot ng li. B/ PHN THC HNH: 1/ n tp cng thc tnh ton, thit k qun dy mt my bin p cng sut nh: Bc 1 (*) 2 (*) 3 Ni dung Tnh cng sut MBA Tnh tit din li thp theo cng sut nh mc Tnh s vng / 1 Yu cu Da vo in p v cng nh mc, tnh cng sut nh mc p dng cng thc thc hnh tnh tit din li thp p dng cng thc thc hnh
trang

Thc hin

S m = U .I

S hi = 1,2 S m
17

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(*) 4 (*) 5 (*) 6

vn, k hiu l n . tnh theo li thp tt hay xu ( tt chn 45, xu: 50 ) Tnh s vng cun Cn c s vng / 1 vn n theo s cp N1 theo n in p cun s cp Tnh s vng cun Cn c s vng / 1 vn n theo th cp N2 in p cun s cp c b thm 10% do st p Tnh tit din dy Theo J = A/mm2 : Mt dng qun Sdq in ca dy ng. T 2 2,5-33,5-4 A/mm2, theo cng sut MBA t nh ln Tnh ng knh T tit din dy qun tra bng dy qun hoc p dng cng thc tnh ng knh D theo cng thc: Tnh ca s dy qun Tnh din tch ca s cn c cha dy qun , theo chiu cao h, b rng: c ca ca s c tr b dy khun

n=

45 50 S hi

N 1 = n.U 1
N 2 = n.(U 2 + 10%U 2 )
I J

S dq =

vi: Sdq = mm2; I = A; J = A/mm2

D= 4S d

Scs = h.c Hay thc t:

S sc + S tc K ld Vi K: h s lp y = 0,2 0,4 S cs = h c

V s qun dy: (*)

0v N2 = ?

N1 = ? U2 = ? U1 = ? U2 = ?

N2 = ?

Ghi ch: Nhng ni dung c du (*) l bt but phi tnh khi lm thc hnh MU BI THC HNH : Tnh ton qun dy my bin p c lp c cng sut nh: ( Thi gian: 90 pht cho 1 lt thc hnh ) --------------------------------- bi: (mu) - Trn li thp c sn kch thc , o v tnh tit din li thp hnh hc qun dy 1 my bin p c lp c U1 = 24 vn, U2 = 3 vn; 9 vn. Em hy thc hin cc nhim v sau y: 1- Tnh s vng / vn v s vng cun s cp, cun th cp? 2- V s nguyn l ni dy? 3- Qun dy v hon thnh my bin p . ( Lu : Kch thc ca li thp v tr s in p s cp v th cp c th thay i ty theo yu cu ca bi)
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2/ Quy trnh thc hin: Thc hnh qun dy my bin p nh nh th no? I- Qun dy my bin p: 1. Tnh s vng dy qun ca 1 lp v s lp: 2. Qun dy: + Gi u dy, bt u qun vng khng c ca s. + Qun dy theo tng lp, lt cch in, ra dy cun s cp. + Cch in cun s cp, ri qun cun th cp, ra dy pha khng c ca s, i din vi cun s cp. - Trong qu trnh qun, theo di s vng dy cn thn nh tnh ton. 3. - Khi qun dy, ly dy ra ri bc cch in 2-3 lp, tho khun g. II- Lng li thp vo cun dy:
Sau khi qun xong, tip tc lng l thp vo khun qun dy:

t ngang cun dy, lng xen k xui ngc 2-3 l thp E. Sau ghp l thp I, sau dng ba g nh cho kht cc l thp.

III- o v kim tra trc khi ni ngun:1. o kim tra thng mch cun s cp v th cp. 2. Kim tra chm li: Thang o Rx10K gia dy qun v li thp. 3. Kim tra cch in cun s v th? IV- Tm, sy cht cch in: 1. Vt liu tm cch in: Vc ni t nhin hoc nhn to; cht nha cch in, sn cch in... 2. Trnh t tm sy: + Sy kh cun dy 60oC trong khong 3 h. + Ngm vo cht cch in ang nng 50oC. + Ly ra, sy kh 70 75oC V- Lp rp bin p vo v: - Lp my vo v. - Ni dy vo cng tc chuyn mch, cu ch, r le... - Ni dy vo, ra phch cm, cm VI- Kim tra ni vi ngun in v vn hnh th: 1. Kim tra khng ti MBA: + Nhit khng nng qu 40oC + m, khng c ting ku r.. + Khng b chp mch cc cun dy. + in p ra ng vi thit k. 2 - Kim tra khi c ti: Ni my bin p vi ph ti nh mc, sau quan st: + My khng qu nng. + Khng rung, r, khng c ting ku... + in p ng tr s thit k. Ghi nhn kt qu cc s liu k thut, thng s nh mc ca my bin p.
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----------------------MU THC HNH 2 3/ Thc hnh thit k chiu sng trong nh bng phng php h s s dng Ksd: a/ Mt s i lng c bn o nh sng: STT 1 2 3 i lng Quang thng Cng sng ri K hiu hoc (F) I E vi n v Lumen (lm) Candela (cd) ngha i lng o nh sng c bn. L cng sut pht sng trong 1 thi gian Cn gi l nn, sng ca 1 ngn nn = 0,8 cd +Yu cu thp: E=100 +Chiu sng TB: E=200 +P. lm vic,lp hc E=300 +Yu cu cao : E = 500 L c s tri gic v th gic, chi cao lm chi mt ( > 5000cd/m2 )

E=
4 chi

E : lux (lx) : lm S: m2 L: cd/m2

L ; vi

I L= S

b- Cc bc thc hnh tnh ton, thit k chiu sng: Bc 1 2 Ni dung Xc nh ri yu cu Chn ngun sng in Yu cu Chn ri ngang chung trn bn lm vic ( 0,8 0,85 m ). Theo yu cu thp, TB, cao .... Chn ngun chiu sng sao cho hiu sut pht quang (HSPQ) cao, HSPQ = 3 4 Chn kiu chiu sng Tnh quang thng tng

lm P W

Trc tip: 90 % nh sng chiu xung. Bn trc tip: 60 90%. Da vo ri yu cu v h s s dng Ksd = 0,2 0,6 Quang thng tng: tong

=k

E.S (lm) K sd

k : h s d tr; k = 1,2 1,6 S: din tch b mt hu ch ( m2) 5 Tnh s n v b n S bng n N, vi N = S b n X; vi X = 6 B tr n v v s b tr n

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Tong

1bong

N (n: s bng/b) n

B tr sao cho to c ri ng u trn b mt hu ch.

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T: in C Tin ; Trung Tm KTTH-HN Hng Tr a ch: Hng Vn , Hng Tr, Tha Thin - Hu Tel: 054-3557297 - E. mail: todiencotin.htra@gmail.com

-------------------------- ----------------------

PH LC: PHN PHI CHNG TRNH GD NGH IN DN DNG CHNG TRNH 105 Tit Lp 11 THPT
Tun hc 1 1-2 2 3 4 5 6 6-7 7-8 8 9 10 11 Tit 1-2 3-4-5 6 7- 8- 9 10-11-12 13-14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21-22 23 24-25-26 27 28-29-30 31-39 Bi Bi 1 Bi 2 Bi 3 Bi 4 Bi 5 Bi 6 Bi 7 Bi 8 Bi 9 Bi 10 Bi 11 Bi 12 Bi 13 Tn bi Chng m u Gii thiu gio dc ngh in dn dng An ton lao ng trong GD ngh in dn dng Chng I: o lng in Khi nim chung v o lng in Thc hnh: o dng in v in p xoay chiu Thc hnh: o cng sut v in nng Thc hnh: S dng vn nng k Chng II: My bin p Mt s vn chung v my bin p Tnh ton, thit k my bin p 1 pha Thc hnh: Tnh ton, thit k MBA 1pha cng sut nh Vt liu ch to my bin p Thc hnh: Chun b vt liu v lm khun MBA Kim tra Qun my bin p 1 pha Thc hnh: Qun MBA 1 pha
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11 12 13 14 15 15 16

40-41 42-43 44-45-46 47-48-49 50 51-52 53-54

Bi 14 Bi 15 Bi 16 Bi 17 Bi 18

Chng III : ng c in Mt s vn chung v ng c in ng c in xoay chiu 1 pha Mt s mch iu khin ng c in xoay chiu 1 pha S dng v bo dng qut in n tp Kim tra Hc k 1 Thc hnh: S dng v bo dng qut in

HC K II 1 551 56-57 2 58-59-60 3 61-62 4 63-64-65 4-5 6 7 8 8 9-10 11 12 13 13 14 15 16

Thc hnh: s dng v bo dng qut in Bi 19 S dng v bo dng my bm nc Bi 20 Thc hnh: S dng v bo dng my bm nc Bi 21 S dng v bo dng my git Bi 22 Thc hnh: S dng v bo dng my git Chng IV: Mng in trong nh 66-67 Bi 23 Mt s kin thc c bn v chiu sng 68-69-70 Bi 24 Thc hnh: Tnh ton chiu sng cho 1 phng hc 71-72 Bi 25 Mt s k hiu v nguyn tc lp s cp in 73-74-75 Bi 26 Thc hnh: c s mch in 76 Kim tra 77-82 Bi 27 Tnh ton, thit k mng in trong nh 83-84-85 Bi 28 Thc hnh: Tnh ton, thit k mng in trong nh 86-94 Bi 29 Thc hnh: Tnh ton, thit k mng in cho 1 phng 95-96 Bi 30 Bo dng mch in trong nh Chng V: Tm hiu ngh in dn dng 97-98-99 Bi 31 Tm hiu thng tin v c s o to 100-101- Bi 32 Tm hiu thng tin th trng lao ng 102 103 n tp cui hc k 104-105 Kim tra cui nm hc --------------------------------------------------p dng t nm hc 2007 2008 T chuyn mn t in C Tin hc T trng,

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