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H v tn : Phng Th Thin Lp : K34D Khoa : Sinh - KTNN

BI KIM TRA
Mn: Cng ngh sinh hc
bi: PROBIOTIC DNG CHO NGI

T tr sinh ( probiotics ) l thut ng c ngun gc t ting Hy Lp bao gm hai t pro c ngha l v v biosis c ngha l s sng, l khi nim tuy mi xut hin trong thi gian gn y, nhng nhanh chng thu ht c s ch ca nhiu nh khoa hoc trn th gii do tnh cht u vit ca chng.

1. Probiotic l g ?
Theo nh ngha ca T chc Y t th gii v T chc lng nng th gii (WHO/FAO, 2001) th Probiotics l nhng vi sinh vt sng chn lc m khi tiu th vo c th mt lng y s c li v mt sc khe cho ngi s dng. Hu ht cc chng probiotic c s dng sn xut thc phm l nhng loi thuc nhm vi khun acid lactic nh l Lactobacillus v Bifidobacteria.

Bifidobacteria Lactobacillus casei Shirota


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Tuy nhin, khng phi tt c nhng vi sinh vt sng no cng l probiotic. M theo nh gi ca t chc FAO v WHO cho rng tiu chun quan trng nht chn chng khun probiotic s dng di dng thc phm l chng khun phi c kh nng sng st qua h tiu ha v phi c kh nng pht trin trong rut. Cc vi sinh vt c la chn lm probiotic l c trng cho mi loi, do vy mt chng c la chn lm probiotic cho loi ny c th khng ph hp vi cc loi khc. Ni chung cc vi sinh vt dng lm probiotic thng phi c cc c im sau: + C kh nng bm dnh vo nim mc ng tiu ha ca vt ch. + D nui cy. + Khng sinh cht c v khng gy bnh cho vt ch. + C kh nng tn ti c lp trong mt thi gian di. + C kh nng sinh cc enzyme hoc cc sn phm cui cng ma vt ch c th s dng. + Chu c PH thp d dy v mui mt rut non. + Biu hin hiu qu c li i vi vt ch. c rt nhiu ch phm probiotic dng cho vt nui c ng k bn quyn. Hu ht cc ch phm ny cha Lactobacillus hoc Streptoccuus, mt s cha Bifidobacteria, nm men (Saccharomyces boulardii) hoc Bacillus. nh hng ca cc ch phm probiotic c th l trc tip hoc gin tip thng qua s iu chnh khu h vi sinh vt ng rut. Nhiu ch phm loi ny rt c li cho sc khe ca con ngi. Chng c sn xut di dng vin nang, bt, hoc a vo sa chua v nhiu sn phm sa khc. Hiu qu ca vic s dng ch phm: C kh nng khng ung th. Km hm vi sinh vt gy bnh ng tiu ha.

Ci thin vic s dng lactose nhng ngi khng dung np lactose. Lm gim cholesterol trong huyt thanh. Kch thch h thng min dch. Gam nhim trng ng niu (do Candida). Tng trng ( 5% ) gia cm. Gam bnh nhim trng gja cm. Gam tiu chy ng vt non ( do virus rota ). Gam tc dng ph ca cht khng sinh. Ngy nay, khi nim probiotic cn c m rng cho mi trng. Ngi ta a cc vi sinh vt sng vo mi trng lm gim nhim. 2.Probiotic dng cho ngi

2.1. H vi sinh vt ng rut

C th ngi ta cha rt nhiu t bo vi sinh vt, gp khong 10 ln tng s t bo ca bn thn c th. Chng ch yu c tr trong
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ng tiu ha vi thnh phn loi rt phong ph, thm ch ln n 400 loi.

Cc chng vi sinh vt c ch gip cn bng h vi sinh ng rut, v gip h tiu ha khe mnh. S tn ti ca h vi sinh vt ng rut ph thuc ch yu vo ch dinh dng ca c th. Hu ht cc bnh ng rut nh tiu chy, vim d dy, vim v ung th rut kt u bt ngun t s ri lon lm mt cn bng h vi khun ng rut, lm tng vi khun gy bnh v lm gim vi khun c li. Cc vi khun c li gip c th tiu ha thc n tt hn, gip tng hp mt s vitamin nhm B, vitamin nhm K v tit ra cc cht c ch khng cho vi khun c hi sinh trng vt tri. Cc vi khun gy bnh ng rut bao gm Shigella, Samonella, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Clostridium, Camplylobacter, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus v Enterococcus Bnh thng cc vi khun trong ng rut kim ch ln nhau to th cn bng. V mt l do no cc vi khun c li (trong c cc vi khun tiu ha ng, bt) cht i. Vi khun gy bnh tng

sinh t ngt vt qu ngng s a n ri lon tiu ha biu hin qua cc triu chng nh tiu chy, kh tiu, chng bng V d: khi ung thuc khng sinh ko di c th lm cht nhiu vi khun c ch. S dng probiotic l bin php va n gin, r tin va c tc dng ci thin r rt h vi khun ng rut, khi phc li th cn bng. Cc vi sinh vt probiotic c la chn dng cho ngi rt phong ph. Ty mc tiu cha bnh m la chn cc vi khun khc nhau, bao gm ch yu l vi khun lactic (Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. casei, L. reuteri, L. fermentuum, L. plantarum, L. rhanosus),
Bifidobacterium v nm men Saccharomyces boulardi.

Mt s vi sinh c ch cn thit cho h tiu ha

Thuc probiotic khng ch dng cha cc bnh ng tiu ha m cn nhm vo nhiu mc tiu khc nh gim lng m trong mu (cholesterol), ci thin tnh trng khng dung np lactose, tng cng kh nng min dch, chng d ng v chng u.

2.2. Mt s bng chng v tc dng cha bnh ca probiotic 2.2.1. Tng cng kh nng tiu ha lactose v hot ng ca cc enzyme khc
Hin tng khng c kh nng tiu ha lactose thng thy ngi trng thnh v nhng ngi mc chng vim rut non.
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i vi nhng ngi c tin s kh tiu ha lactose th vic tiu ha v hp th sa chua din ra tt hn nhiu so vi sa thng

C ch ca hin tng ny l trong sa chua c cc vi khun cha enzyme lactase phn hy lactose. Enzyme ny c gii phng ra khi vi khun b dung gii do tc dng ca cc acid mt. V mt lm sng, vic thay th sa thng bng sa chua hay cc sn phm ln men khc s gip cho bnh nhn tiu ha tt hn, lm gim tiu chy v cc triu chng khc do khng dung np lactose. Tnh trng tiu ha km saccarose tr s sinh do thiu ht saccarase cung c khc phc bng cch cho ung Saccharomyces cerevisiae, nm men c cha saccarase.

Sa chua cha Probiotic gip ci thin h min dch ca tr.

2.2.2. Tiu chy do khng sinh


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Khong 20% ngi dng thuc khng sinh, c bit l clindamycine, cephalosporine v penicilline, b mc bnh tiu chy. Bnh tiu chy do khng sinh c nguyn nhn t s mt cn bng vi sinh vt, lm suy gim h vi sinh vt t nhin trong rut. Clostridium difficile v Kelbsiella oxytoca l nhng tc nhn gy bnh chnh, bnh thng chng tn ti trong rut nhng khi h vi sinh vt b mt cn bng th chng tng ln bt thng v gii phng cc c t. Dng probiotic c thc s ngn nga c bnh tiu chy do khng sinh hay khng? Kt qu cho thy rng chng S. bolardii c th lm gim mc nguy him ca bnh v n cn lm gim ng k thi gian b bnh. Tuy nhin th c ch tc dng ca probiotic ny hin vn cha r v nm men c rt nhiu tc ng sinh hc trong ng tiu ha. Mt vi nt v chng S. bolardii

S. bolardii

Saccharomyces bouladii l mt loi nm men c nh khoa hc ngi Php Henry Boulard phn lp t v tri vi Indonesia nm 1923. Dng ng kh u tin c a vo th trng vo nm 1962 ti Php iu tr tiu chy do s dng khng sinh. Sau Saccharomyces boulardii c s dng rng ri trn 90 nc. Hiu
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qu lm sng ca S.boulardii c chng minh trn 150 nghin cu v ng trn cc tp ch y khoa khp th gii.

*Vai tr ca Saccharomyces boulardii a. S. boulardii tit ra 54 kDa protease c vai tr c ch c t A v B ca Clostridium difficile b. Th th Lectin trn b mt t bo vi nm lm E.coli v S.typhimurium kt dnh vo t bo vi nm v b thi loi qua phn c. Gim tng tit qu mc nc v Cl- trong tiu chy t do V. cholerae do tc dng ca men A120 kDa protease c ch cAMP t bo rut lm gim s phng thch Cl- v nc d. Tng men thy phn ng i (maltase, sucrase, lactase) nim mc rut lm gim tiu chy do ri lon men tiu ha v km hp thu ng e. Kch thch sn xut khng th IgA gip c th tng p ng min dch chng nhim trng rut v h hp f. Tng hp thu ngi ang b tiu chy

g. Duy tr cc acid bo chui ngn cn thit cho s hp thu nc v in gii. h. Lm gim vim ng rut.

*Ch nh ca sn phm Probiotic l Saccharomyces boulardii? 1. Tiu chy do nhim khun v nhim virus 2. Tiu chy do dng khng sinh 3. Lon khun ng rut 4. H tr iu trtrong phc dit tr Helicobacter Pylori 5. Tiu chy do i du lch.

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V bn cht, Saccharomyces boulardii l nm men bn vng vi acid dch v, bn vi khng sinh, trung ha c t ca vi khun, kt dnh vi cc vi khun c hi o thi ra ngoi.

2.2.3. Vim ng tiu ha


Vim ng tiu ha l nguyn nhn chnh gy bnh tiu chy cp tnh. Vim ng tiu ha c th do nhiu tc nhn gy nn nh vi khun, virus hoc k sinh trng nhng nguyn nhn ph bin nht tr em l do nhim virus rota. Cc virus ny xm nhp vo cc t bo nh nhung mao rut, ph hy nhung mao, lm mt kh nng hp th cht dinh dng v cht in gii. Do hp th cht dinh dng km, cc cht cacbonhydroxit trong long rut, lm tng p sut thm thu, mt nc nghim trng, lm mt cn bng in gii, gy hu qu nghim trng i vi tr s sinh, tr di ba tui v nht l tr suy dinh dng. Cch cha thong thng l cung cp cht in gii, nhng khng rt ngn c thi gian tiu chy. Nhiu th nghim cho thy cc sn phm ln men c hiu qu phng bnh tiu chy tt tr em. Cho tr s sinh ung Bifidobacterium bifidum v Streptococcus thermophilus c th lm gim c nguy c mc tiu chy v vim ng tiu ha do virus rota.

Steptococcus thermophilus
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Bifidobacterium bifidum

2.2.4. iu tr cp tnh
- Ung Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG c th rt xung mt na thi gian mc bnh phng php cha tr ny rt c hiu qu trong iu tr tiu chy cp tnh tr em.

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG l mt bin dng ca L. rhamnosus c lp nm 1983 t ng rut ca con ngi, l acid mt v n nh, chng dung np cc iu kin c tnh acid ca d dy v cc acid mt ca rut non. Nh mt probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG c tc dng xm chim ng tiu ha v cn bng vi sinh ng rut. Hin nay cc hiu ng sc khe lm sng ca Lactobacillus rhamnosus c nghin cu rng ri.
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- Ngoi chng vi khun trn, Enterococcuss faecium SF 68 cng rt ngn thi gian mc bnh tiu chy.

Enterococcuss faecium SF 68

*C nhiu kin gii thch c ch tc dng ca vi khun lactic + C ch th nht: l c ch cnh tranh v tr th th. Vi khun lactic gn vi cc th th trn b mt nh nhung mao rut non, ni m virus rota vn bm, nh ngn cn s dnh v xm nhp ca virus rota. + C ch th hai: p ng min dch c tng cng bi cc vi khun lactic a n hiu qu lm sng. Trong c ch ny cc khng th IgA ti ch c tng cng chng li virus rota. + C ch th ba: c lien quan n vic truyn tn hiu t cc vi khun lactic n vt ch nhm iu khin hng ro tit v nhu ng loi b cc cht c. Cht nhy ca rut non c ch virus rota, biu hin ca cc mARN MUC2 v MUC3 tng ln p li tn hiu ca Lactobacillus, nh bo v t bo khi s bm dnh ca ci khun gy bnh. + C ch cui cng l cc vi khun lactic sn xut ra cc cht nh acid v cht khng virus lm bt hot virus.

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2.2.5. Nhim Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter pylori

H. pylori (tn c l Campylobacter pylori) l vi khun Gram m, rt ph bin trong d dy. Khong 50% dn s b nhim vi khun ny. S tn ti ca vi khun ny lu di trong d dy c th l yu t tim tng gy ung th trong d dy.

Vi khun Helicobacter pylori v ung th d dy

c mt s bng chng cho thy cc vi khun lactic c th c ch sinh trng ca vi khun gy bnh v lm gim hot tnh ca urease cn thit cho H. pylori c th sng c trong mi trng
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acid ca d dy. Mt s chng probiotic c th c ch s nhim v lm gim nguy c ti nhim vi khun ny. T l bnh nhn khi bnh do ung khng sinh l 72% trong khi ung vi khun lactic sng l 88% v vi khun cht l 87%. Vi khun lactic cm ng c th vt ch gy ra nhng tc ng lm gim s sng st ca Helicobacter v c ch s lan truyn ca chng bng c ch cnh tranh cc th th bm glycolipid.

2.2.6. Ung th rut kt


Kh nng ci to h vi sinh vt ng rut nh vi khun lactic v Bifidobacterium v lm gim nguy c mc ung th mt phn l nh vo kh nng gim mc - glucuronidase v cc tc nhn gy ung th khc. S ti pht ung th mt s v tr khc nh bng quang cng gim nh L. casei Shirota (mt chng c Yakult mt loi nc ung ch t sa ca nht)

Lactobacillus casei shirota

Nhiu bo co cho thy cc vi khun L. rhamosa GG, Bifidobacterium v Propiobacterium sp c tc dng lm gim ung th xoang rut do c t Aflatoxin gy ra.

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2.3. Mt s iu lu khi iu tr tiu chy bng thuc probiotic


Probiotic c bo ch dng gi bt hoc dng vin nang cha bt, khi ung vo rut bt v cc vi sinh vt s hi sinh v pht huy tc dng.

Do thuc c ngun gc vi sinh vt nn cn lu : + Bo qun thuc ni mt, trnh nhit cao. + Nn ung vi nc l un si ngui, khng nn ha vi nc nng trn 50 C, trc khi ung ( nu thuc cha nm men m ha tan vo nc nng trn 50 C th nm men s cht, xem nh khng c tc dng ). + Nu thuc l nm men (nh bioflor) th khng c ung chung vi thuc khng nm v thuc khng nm s dit nm men. + C thuc probiotic c th ung chung vi nhiu loi khng sinh nh antibio, antibio philus nhng khng c ung chung vi tetracyline v s cn tr s hp th ca tetracycline qua nim mc rut vo mu lm tetracyline mt tc dng. + Lun nh rng trong iu tr tiu chy cp th bin php hng u, c bit tr em l b nc v cht in gii (dng thuc oresol) trc khi ngh n vic dng thuc cm tiu chy.
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+ Dng ch phm probiotic, tc l cy cc vi sinh vt c ch vo rut. C mt loi thc phm cng c c ch tc dng nh th, l sa chua.

Hy n sa chua mi khi b ri lon vi khun ng tiu ha, hoc nga tiu chy do ung khng sinh theo li khuyn ca Metchnikoff.
2.4. Kch thch min dch nim mc
S dng probiotic c tc dng tng cng p ng min dch nht l min dch t nhin. a vi khun L. casei Shirota vo rut lm tng ng k hot tnh ca t bo git t nhin (NK) hch mng treo rut (ch khng phi mng Peyer v lch). Nhiu chng Lactobacillus c kh nng hot ha i thc bo, kch thch hnh thnh bch cu trung tnh, kch thch t bo tua (dendrit) lm tng kh nng tng hp interferon gama. Tuy nhin cn xem xt biu lng v thi gian s dng tng cng ti u ch khng c ch p ng min dch. Vic s dng vi khun lactic lm vecto mang khng nguyn cng ang c th nghim sn xut vacxin. V d : L. plantarum NCIMB 8826 c dng gn khng nguyn mnh C ca c t un vn ( lm mt tnh c) dng lm vacxin chng un vn.

2.5. Bnh d ng
Ngy nay vic s dng probiotic tr nn rt ph bin. Nhiu bng chng cho thy cc vi sinh vt probiotic kch thch tng hp IgA c hiu nim mc rut. Probiotic tng cng chc nng ca hng ro vi sinh vt ng rut thng qua vic phc hi khu h vi sinh vt thng thng.
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Probiotic cng c tc dng bin i cc yu t tng trng beta v s sn sinh Interleukin 10 cng nh cc cytokine kch thch sn xut khng th IgE. Interleukin 10 l cht do t bo TH2 sinh ra do tc ng ln i thc bo gy c ch s sn sinh cytokin v do gin tip lm gim s sn sinh t bo cytokin ca t bo TH1.

2.6. Sc khe sinh sn ca ph n


Mc d cc nghin cu v probiotic i vi h niu sinh dc ph n din ra t lu nhng ch gn y ngi ta mi nhn ra rng vic s dng probiotic cn vt xa hn ch khng ch gii hn trong ch bin thc phm. Bng chng l khi cho ung hng ngy 10 10 vi khun L. rhamnosa GR-1 v L. fermentum RC-14 s trnh c cc bnh vim nhim m o. Cc vi khun ny sau khi ung s di chuyn t trc trng ti m o v lm gim coliform tng s cng nh nm men Candida abbicans trong m o.

2.7. Sn phm Probiotic mi gip gim lng cht bo


Probiotic l nhng li khun c cu to tng t nh nhng vi sinh vt c tm thy trong c th ngi. Tc dng tch cc ca n n sc khe con ngi c chng minh rt r.

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Li khun Lactobacillus. (nh internet)

Mi y, cc nh khoa hc n t i hc Cork & Teagasc, Ireland sng to ra mt loi Probiotic dng bt, khng nhng c li cho h tiu ha m cn gip ngi s dng c mt thn hnh khe mnh, cn i. chng minh iu ny, cc nh khoa hc thc hin th nghim trn chut bch. Kt qu thu c cho thy li khun Lactobacillus (mt dng ca Probiotic) c th lm gim lng cht bo v tng cng s trao i cht trong c th. Hn na, vic chuyn mt loi enzyme m ha gen vo li khun Lactobacillus s gip sn sinh ra mt siu li khun c tc dng to ra phc axit linoleic (CLA), y l mt loi axit bo c kh nng gim lng cht bo trong c th con ngi. Tuy nhin, phi mt mt thi gian na sn phm probiotic ny mi c hon thin v ra mt th trng. V vy trong thi gian ch i, ngi tiu dng c th tm n nhng sn phm thay th nh sa chua, cc loi thc phm b sung tng cng h min dch v h tr tiu ha.
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Tuy nhin, Probiotic c th gy mt s tc dng ph nh: au u, tiu chy, si hay snh bng v b to bn. c bit, phi thn trng khi s dng vi khun ny nu c th b tn thng, h min dch yu v c th gy tiu chy khi dng vi liu lng qu cao, hay gy nguy hi cho nhng ngi vim ty cp c th dn n t vong.

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