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Dng 1 :
Kim Lai + axit loi 1 ( H2SO4 long hoc HCl) mui (sunfat hoc clorua) +
H2
nnhn= 2. n
Cu 1: Cho 5,2 g hn hp Al, Fe v Mg vo dd HCl d thu c 2,24 lt kh H2(ktc). C cn dung dch thu c
bao nhiu gam mui khan ? A. 10,8
B. 11,5
C. 12,3
D,14,6
2,24
= 0,1 mmui = mkim loai + 71.0,1=5,2+7,1=12,3 . Ta chn C
Gii : nH2 =
22,4
Cu 2: Cho 10,8 g hn hp Zn, Cd v Al vo dd H2SO4long, d thu c 0,5 g kh H2. C cn dung dch thu
c m gam mui khan. Gi tr m l : A. 40,4
B. 37,2
C. 36,4
D. 34,8
0,5
= 0,25 mmui = mkim lai + 96.0,25=10,8 + 24 = 34,8 . Ta chn D
Gii : nH2 =
2
Cu 3 (H khi B 2010): Ho tan hon ton 2,45 gam hn hp X gm hai kim loi kim th vo 200 ml
dung dch HCl 1,25M, thu c dung dch Y cha cc cht tan c nng mol bng nhau. Hai kim loi trong
X l A. Mg v Ca
B. Be v Mg
C. Mg v Sr
D. Be v Ca
Gii : V dung dch Y cha cc cht tan c nng bng nhau nn s mol 2 kim loi kim th bng nhau v
bng s mol HCl d (nu c) , nHCl = 0,25 mol
M + 2HCl
MCl2 + H2 nn ,
a
2a
a
9 + 40
nHCl (d) = a/2 nn 0, 25 2a = 0,5a a = 0,1 M = 24,5 =
nn c Be v Ca l hp l, chn D
2
Cu 4 (H khi A 2010): Cho 7,1 gam hn hp gm mt kim loi kim X v mt kim loi kim th Y tc
dng ht vi lng d dung dch HCl long, thu c 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Kim loi X, Y l
A. natri v magie.
B. liti v beri.
C. kali v canxi.
D. kali v bari.
Gii: Gi M i din 2 kim loi, n l ha tr
2M + 2nHCl
2MCln + nH2
n = 1 M = 14,2
7,1
5, 6
M = 14,2n
Bo ton elctron :
.n = 2.
M
22, 4
n = 2 M = 28, 4
m 1 < n < 2 nn 14,2 < M < 28,4 ta chn Na v Mg , p n A
Cu 5: Ha tan 9,144g hn hp Cu, Mg, Al bng mt lng va dung dch HCl thu c 7,84 lit kh X
(ktc), 2,54g cht rn Y v dung dch Z. Lc b cht rn Y, c cn cn thn dung dch Z thu c lng mui
khan l A. 33,99g.
B. 19,025g.
C. 31,45g.
D. 56,3g.
Gii: Cht rn Y khng tan l Cu nn ch c Mg v Al phn ng v m(Mg, Al) = 9,144 m(Cu) = 6,604 gam
mmui clorua = m(Mg, Al) + 71 n H 2 = 6,604 + (7,84 : 22,4).71 = 31,45 gam , chn C
Cu 6: Cho 1,53 gam hh Mg, Fe, Zn vo dd HCl d thy thot ra 448ml kh (ktc). C cn dd sau phn ng th
thu c m gam cht rn c khi lng
A. 2,95 gam
B.2,24 gam
C. 3,9 gam
D. 1,85 gam
0, 448
= 2,95 gam , chn A
Gii: Kh l H2 v mui thu c s l mui clorua : mmui clorua = 1,53 + 71
22, 4
Cu 7: Ha tan hon ton 14 gam mt kim loi vo H2SO4 long d thu c 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Kim loi l :
A. Al
B. Fe
C. Zn
D. Mg
n = 2
14
5,6
M = 28n
Fe vi n l ha tr kim loi
Gii: bo ton electron :
.n = 2.
M
22,5
M = 56
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Cng thc gii nhanh Ha V C
Ch : Fe tc dng vi axit loi 1 ch ra hoa1 tr II
Cu 8 (C 2007): Ha tan han ton 3,22g hn hp X gm Fe, Mg, Zn bng mt lng va dung dch
H2SO4 long thu c 1,344 lt hidro(ktc) v dung dch cha m gam mui. Ga tr ca m l?
A. 10,27
B. 8,98
C. 7,25
D. 9,52
1, 3 4 4
Gii: Kh l H2 v mui thu c s l mui sunfat : m mui sunfat = 3,22 + 96
= 8,98 gam , chn B
22, 4
Cu 9 (C 2007): Ho tan hon ton 2,9 gam hn hp gm kim loi M v oxit ca n vo nc, thu c
500 ml dung dch cha mt cht tan c nng 0,04M v 0,224 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Kim loi M l
A. Na.
B. Ca.
C. Ba.
D. K.
Gii: Phn tch: Da vo p n ta thy KL l ha tr II hoc ha tr I ,ta ln lt xt hai trng hp:
Nu l KL ha tr II: MO + H2O M(OH)2
M + H2O M(OH)2 + H2
;
0,01
0,01 mol
0,01
0,01
0,01mol
2,9 = 0.01(M+16) + M.0,01 M =137 Ba, chn C
Dng 2 :
Mui cacbonat + axit loi 1 ( H2SO4 long hoc HCl) mui (sunfat hoc clorua) CO2
mmui sunfat = mmui cacbonat + 36 n
CO
CO
Gii: nCO2 =
2,24
= 0,1 mmui clorua = mmui cacbonat + 11.0,1=12+1,1=13,1 . Ta chn A
22,4
Cu 11: Cho m g hn hp 3 mui cacbonat ca kim nhm IA, IIA v IIIA vo dung dch H2SO4long, d thu
c 2,8 lt kh ktc. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 22,65 gam mui khan. Gi tr m l :
A. 19,25
B. 20,05
C. 18,15
D. 17,86
Gii: nCO2 =
2,8
= 0,125 m= mmui cacbonat = mmui sunfat 36.n CO =22,65 0,125.36 = 18,15 .Chn C
2
22,4
Cu 12: Ha tan 3,06g hn hp 2 mui Cacbonat kim loi ha tr I v II bng dd HCl d thu c 672 ml
CO2 (kc) . Nu c cn dd th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan ?
A. 3,39g
B. 6,78g
C. 9,33g
D. Khng xc nh c
0, 672
Gii: Khi lng mui khan mmui clorua = 3,06 + 11.
=3,39 . Ta chn A
22, 4
Cu 13: Hn hp X gm hai mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi kim th hai chu k lin tip. Cho 7,65 gam X
vo dung dch HCl d. Kt thc phn ng, c cn dung dch th thu c 8,75 gam mui khan. Hai kim loi
l:
A. Mg v Ca
B. Ca v Sr
C. Be v Mg
D. Sr v Ba
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5
= 0, 05 mol = n muoi cacbonat
100
3, 6
Gi cng thc chung hai mui cabonat l MCO3 c M + 60 =
= 72 M = 12 nn ta chn C
0, 05
Cu 15: Ho tan ht 2,25 gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A, B ( k tip nhau trong phn nhm
chnh nhm II) bng dung dch HCl thu c 0,56 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Hai kim loi A, B l:
A. Be v Mg
B. Ca v Sr C. Sr v Ba D. Mg v Ca
0,56
= 0, 025 mol = n muoi cacbonat
Gii: n CO2 =
22, 4
2, 25
Gi cng thc chung hai mui cabonat l MCO3 c M + 60 =
= 90 M = 30 nn ta chn D
0, 025
Cu 16: 18,4 gam hh 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim lai nhm IIA hai chu k k tip nhau trong bng HTTH,
khi tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thu c 0,2 mol CO2 . Hai kim loi l
A. Ca v Sr
B. Sr v Ba
C. Mg v Ca
D. Be v Mg
Gii: n CO2 = 0, 2 mol = n muoi cacbonat
18, 4
= 92 M = 32 nn ta chn C
Gi cng thc chung hai mui cabonat l MCO3 c M + 60 =
0, 2
Cu 17: Cho 115g hn hp gm ACO3, B2CO3, R2CO3 tc dng ht vi dd HCl thy tht ra 0,448l CO2 (ktc).
Khi lng mui clorua to ra trong dung dch l:
A. 115,22g
B.151,22g
C. 116,22g
D. 161,22g
0, 448
Gii: mmui clorua = mmui cacbonat + 11.nCO2 = 115 +
.11 = 115,22 gam . Ta chn A
22, 4
Cu 18: Ho tan hon ton 4,68g hn hp mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A v B k tip trong nhm IIA vo
dd HCl thu c 1,12 lit CO2 ktc. Xc nh kim loi A v B l: (Mg = 24 ; Ca = 40 ; Sr = 88 ; Ba = 137)
A. Be v Mg
B. Mg v Ca.
C. Ca v Sr.
D. Sr v Ba.
1,12
= 0, 05 mol = n muoi cacbonat
Gii: n CO2 =
22, 4
4, 68
Gi cng thc chung hai mui cabonat l MCO3 c M + 60 =
= 93, 6 M = 33, 6 nn ta chn B
0, 05
Gii: Do dung dch Ca(OH)2 d nn n CO2 = n = n CaCO3 =
Dng 3 :
Bo Ton IN TCH
Cho : dung dch
M m+ :a (mol)
X n+
v
N :b (mol)
X x- :c (mol)
z Z :d (mol)
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Cng thc gii nhanh Ha V C
Ga tr ca a l A. 0,222
B. 0,120
C. 0,444
D. 0,180
Gii: nCa(OH)2 = x. nOH- = 2x v nCa2+ = x. Theo bi:
OH- +
HCO3- CO32- + H2O
2x
0,006 --------- 0,006
Ca2+ +
CO32-- CaCO3.
x + 0,003
0,006
Ch c x = 0,003 tha mn. Vy a = 0,003.74 = 0,222 (g) , ta chn A
Cu 22 (H Khi A 2010): Dung dch X c cha: 0,07 mol Na+; 0,02 mol SO42- v x mol OH-. Dung dch
Y c cha ClO4-, NO3- v y mol H+; tng s mol ClO4- v NO3- l 0,04. Trn X v Y c 100 ml dung dch
Z. Dung dch Z c pH (b qua s in li ca H2O) l A. 1
B. 2
C. 12
D. 13
Gii: LBTT: 0,07 = 0,02.2 + x x = 0,03 (mol); y = 0,04 (mol) . Vy nH+ d = 0,01 (mol).
[H+] = 0,01: 0.1 = 0,1 (M) pH = 1 , ta chn A
Cu 23 (C 2007): Dung dch A cha cc ion Al3+=0,6 mol, Fe2+=0,3mol, Cl- = a mol, SO42- = b mol. C cn
dung dch A thu c 140,7gam. Gi tr ca a v b ln lt l?
A. 0,6 v 0,3
B. 0,9 v 0,6
C. 0,3 v 0,5
D. 0,2 v 0,3
Gii: bo ton in tch : 0, 6.3 + 0,3.2 = 1.a + 2.b = 2,4
Khi lng mui m = 27.0, 6 + 0,3.56 + 35,5.a + 96.b = 140, 7 35,5a + 96b = 107, 7
Nn ta c a = 0,6 v b = 0,3, chn A
Cu 24 (H Khi A 2010): Ha tan hon ton 8,94 gam hn hp gm Na, K v Ba vo nc, thu c
dung dch X v 2,688 lt kh H2 (ktc). Dung dch Y gm HCl v H2SO4, t l mol tng ng l 4 : 1. Trung
ha dung dch X bi dung dch Y, tng khi lng cc mui c to ra l
A. 13,70 gam.
B. 18,46 gam.
C. 12,78 gam.
D. 14,62 gam
Gii: Ta c: H2O OH + H2.
nOH- = 0,24 (mol).
HCl (4x mol)
H2SO4 (x mol)
th nCl- = 4x ; nSO4 = x; nH+ = 6x = 0,24
x = 0,04.
mmui = mKL + mCl- + mSO4 = 8,94 + 4.0,04.35,5 + 0,04.96 = 18,46 (g), chn B
Cu 25 (H Khi A 2007) : Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,12 mol FeS2 v mol Cu2S bng dung dch
HNO3 va , thu c dung dch X (ch cha 2 mui sunfat) v kh duy nht NO. Gi tr ca a l :
A. 1,8 mol
B. 1,08 mol
C. 0,18 mol
D. 0,06
3+
2+
: Gii: Dung dch thu c ch cha mui sunfat duy nht nn ch cha cc ion : Fe ; Cu ; SO42-
n Fe = n 3+ = 0,12.1 = 0,12
Fe
0,12 mol FeS2 bao toan nguyen to
n Cu = n Cu 2+ = 0, 2.a = 0, 2a
a
mol
Cu
S
n = n SO 2- = 0,12.2 + a.1 = 0, 24 + a
S
4
Bo ton in tch : 0,12 . 3 + 2.2a = (0,24 + a ).2 a = 0,06 , chn D
Cu 26: Dung dch Y cha 0,1 mol Ca2+, 0,2 mol Mg2+, 0,2 mol Cl- v x mol HCO3-. C cn dung dch Y thu
c bao nhiu gam mui khan ?
A. 27,9 gam
B. 59,7 gam
C.30,4 gam
D. 22,0 gam
Gii: Bo ton in tch : 0,1 . 2 + 0,2 . 2 = 0,2 . 1 + x . 1 x = 0,4
Nn ch khi b nhit phn th s c phng trnh : 2HCO3 CO 32 + CO 2 + H 2 O
0,4 -------->0,2
m muoi = m Ca 2+ + m Mg 2+ + m Cl- + m CO 2- = 0,1.40 + 0, 2.24 + 35,5.0, 2 + 0, 2.60 = 27,9 , chn A
3
2-
O ( trong oxit )+ 2H + = H 2 O
4
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n H + =2.n O =n H 2O
Cu 27: Ha tan hon ton 19,8g hn hp FeO, MgO, Al2O3 cn va 500ml dung dch HCl 1,6M. Sau khi
phn ng hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c m(g) mui khan. Tm m
A. 13,1
B. 40,2
C. 39,4
D. 41,8
nH +
2
= 0, 4 mO = 16.0, 4 = 6, 4( g )
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Gii: m mui clorua = m xit + 27,5. n HCl 28, 2 = 15 + 27,5.1, 6.V V = 0,3 l = 300 ml , chn A
m mui clorua = m xit + 27,5. n HCl 28, 2 = 15 + 27,5.1, 6.V V = 0,3 l = 300 ml , chn A
Cu 33: Ha tan hon ton m g hn hp CuO, MgO, Al2O3 cn va 400 ml dung dch HCl 1,6M. Sau khi
phn ng hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c 40,6 (g) mui khan. Tm m
A. 30
B. 40
C. 23
D. 32
m mui clorua = m xit + 27,5. n HCl moxit = 40, 6 27,5.1, 6.0,4 = 23 gam , chn C
Cu 34: Ha tan hon ton 281 gam hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO trong V ml dung dch acid H2SO4 3 M
(va ). Sau phn ng c cn dung dch mui thu c 401 gam mui sunfat khan. Tm V
A. 300
B. 400
C. 500
D. 600
m mui sunfat = m xit + 80. n H 2SO4 401 = 281 + 80.3.V V = 0,5 l = 500 ml , chn C
Cu 35 (H Khi A 2008): ho tan hon ton 2,32 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 (trong s
mol FeO bng s mol Fe2O3), cn dng va V lt dung dch HCl 1M. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,23.
B. 0,18.
C. 0,08.
D. 0,16.
n FeO = n Fe2O3 coi hn hp ch gm 1 xit duy nht l Fe3O4 v
n Fe2O3 =
7, 62
= 0, 06 mol
127
9,12 72.0, 06
= 0, 03 mol n FeCl3 = 2n Fe2O3 = 0, 06 mol
160
H2 O
m Fe
m m Fe
.3 = oxit
.2 + n NO2 + 3n NO + 8n N 2O + 10n N 2 + 2n SO2
56
16
m
m
m Fe(NO3 )3 = Fe .242 v m Fe2 (SO4 )3 = Fe .400
56
2.56
Bo ton e :
O + 2e O
Qu trnh cho nhn e : Fe 3e Fe v
y 2y
x 3x
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Cng thc gii nhanh Ha V C
Cu 37: m gam bt st ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian bin thnh hn hp (A) c khi lng 12 g
gm Fe , FeO , Fe3O4 , Fe2O3 . Cho (A) td hon ton vi dd HNO3 thy sinh ra 2,24 l kh NO duy nht ktc.
Tnh m . A. 38,72
B. 35,5
C. 49,09
D,10,08
+5
+5
Gii: S mol e do Fe nhng phi bng s mol e do oxi thu ( O2 thu 4e ) v N ca HNO3 thu ( N thu 3e ) :
Fe
Qu trnh oxi ha :
m
mol
56
0
Qu trnh kh : O 2
4e
+3
Fe
+ 3e
m
mol
56
2
2O
12 m
12 m
4
mol
32
32
m
12 m
Ta c: 3
= 4
+ 0,3
56
32
+5
N +
3e
0,3mol
+2
0,1mol
(c th dng cng thc cho nhanh nhng vit qu trnh cho nhn ra s tt hn cho cc em)
+ Cch gii khc nh sau da theo (1) v (2) :
56 x + 16 y = 12
x = 0,18 = n Fe
.3=
+3n NO vi
.3=
+3.0,06
suy ra
Gii: Cch 1 :
1,344
56
16
56
8
nNO = 22, 4 = 0, 06
m Fe
8,96
.242=
.242=38,72 , chn A (cch 2 hc sinh t gii )
56
56
Cu 39: Ha tan han ton 46,4 gam mt oxit kim loi bng dung dch H2SO4 c nng (va ) thu c V lt
kh SO2 (ktc) v 120 gam mui. Xc nh cng thc oxit kim loi v V
A. FeO; 1,12
B. Fe2O3; 2,24
C. Fe3O4;1,12
D. Fe3O4; 2,24
Gii: quy i xit thnh Fe (x mol) v O (y mol) suy ra m (xit) = 56x + 16y = 46,4 (1)
120
= 0,3 nFe = 0,3.2 = 0, 6 = x ;(1) y = 0,8 = nO
400
V
nFe 0, 6 3
V = 2, 24(l ) , chn D
=
= (C,D) , 3 x = y.2 + 2nSO2 3.0, 6 = 0,8.2 + 2.
22, 4
nO 0,8 4
Cu 40: Cho m gam Fe chy trong oxi mt thi gian thu c 36 gam cht rn A gm 4 cht. Ha tan A bng
HNO3 d thu c 6,72 lt NO (ktc). Tnh m?
A. 30,24
B. 32,40
C. 24,34
D. 43,20
Gii: quy i xit thnh Fe (x mol) v O (y mol) v s dng (1) v (2)
56 x + 16 y = 36
x = 0,54 = n Fe
y = 0,36
3x 2 y = 3. 22, 4 = 0,9
+ Cch khc : n nhn = 3.nNO = 3. 0,3 nn mFe = 0,7.m xit + 5,6. n nhn = 0,7.36 + 5,6 . 0,9 = 30,24 gam
Cu 41 (H Khi B 2007): Nung m gam bt Fe trong oxi thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ha tan ht hn
hp X trong dung dch HNO3(d) thot ra 0,56 lt (ktc) NO (l ssn phm kh duy nht). Ga tr ca m l?
A. 2,52
B. 2,22
C. 2,62
D. 2,32
nFe2 ( SO4 )3 =
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Cng thc gii nhanh Ha V C
Gii: quy i xit thnh Fe (x mol) v O (y mol) v s dng (1) v (2)
56 x + 16 y = 3
x = 0, 045 = n Fe
x
y
3
2
3.
0,
075
=
=
y
0,
03
=
22, 4
Cu 42: Nung nng 16,8 gam bt st ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian thu c m gam hn hp X gm oxit st
v st d. Ha tan ht hn hp X bng H2SO4 c nng thu c 5,6 lt SO2 (ktc). Ga tr ca m l?
A. 24g
B. 26g
C. 20g
D. 22g
Gii: quy i xit thnh Fe (x mol) v O (y mol) v s dng (1) v (2)
3.03 2
3 x 2.n SO2
16,8
=
= 0,3 = x ; 3x = 2y + 2n SO2 (2) y =
2
56
mhh = mFe + mO = 56 x + 16 y = 56.0,3 + 0, 2.16 = 20g , chn C
+ Cch khc : n nhn = 2. n SO = 0,5 mol
nFe =
5, 6
22, 4
= 0, 2
Cu 43: Ha tan 13,92 g Fe3O4 bng dd HNO3 thu c 448 ml kh NxOy (ktc).Xc nh NxOy?
A. NO
B. N2O
C.NO2
D. N2O5
n Fe = 0, 06.3
13,92
0, 448
= 0, 06 mol
= 0, 02 mol
Gii: n Fe3O4 =
, n =
22, 4
232
n o = 0, 06.4
Gi k l gim s xi ha ca kh
+2
2
y = 0, 29
3x 2 y = 2. 22, 4 = 0, 29
Cu 45 (HQGHN 2000): m (g) phoi bo Fe ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian c 12 g cht rn X
gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3. Ha tan ht X trong dung dch H2SO4 , nng c 2,24 lt SO2 (ktc). Gi tr
ca m l: A. 9,52
B. 9,62
C. 9,42
D. 9,72
Gii: quy i xit thnh Fe (x mol) v O (y mol) v s dng (1) v (2)
56 x + 16 y = 12
x = 0,17 = n Fe
x
y
3
2
2.
0,
2
=
=
y
0,155
=
22, 4
Cu 46: Nung m gam bt Cu trong oxi thu c 37,6 gam hn hp rn X gm Cu, CuO v Cu2O. Ha tan
hon ton X trong dung dch H2SO4 c, nng (d) thy thot ra 3,36 lt kh ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 25,6 gam
B. 32 gam
C. 19,2 gam
D. 22,4 gam
Gii: quy i xit thnh Cu (x mol) v O (y mol) v s dng (1) v (2)
64 x + 16 y = 37, 6
x = 0,5 = n Cu
Cu 47 (H Khi A 2007):Nung m g st trong khng kh, sau mt thi gian ngi ta thu c 104,8 g hh rn
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Cng thc gii nhanh Ha V C
A gm Fe,FeO,Fe2O3 v Fe3O4. Ha tan hon ton A trong HNO3 d thu c dung dch B v 12,096 lt hn
hp kh NO v NO2 (ktc) c t khi so vi He l 10,167. Gi tr m l:
A.72
B.78,4
C.91,28
D, p s khc
Gii: Gi a l s mol NO, b l s mol NO2
30a + 46b
S mol hh kh l : n = a + b = 0,54 mol , M =
= 10,167.4 30a + 46b = 21,96
a+b
Ta c : a = 0,18 , b = 0,36 , n nhn = 3.n NO + 1.n NO2 = 0,18.3 + 0,36.1 = 0,9 mol
mFe = 0,7.m xit + 5,6. n nhn = 0,7 . 104,8 + 0,9 . 5,6 = 78,4, chn B
Cu 48: Ha tan hon ton 8,64 gam FeO bng dung dch HNO3 th thu c 336 ml kh duy nht (ktc).
Cng thc ca cht kh l:
A. N2
B. NH3
C. N2O
D. NO2
Gii: Cn nh r gim s xi ha tng sn phm kh
n FeO = n Fe = n O = 0,12 mol , gi X l gim s xi ha ca sn phm kh
3n Fe = 2n O + X.n spk X =
3n Fe 2n NO 3.012 2.0,12
=
= 8 N 2 O , Chn C
0,336
n spk
22, 4
Cu 49: m gam bt st ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian s chuyn thnh hn hp B gm 4 cht rn c khi
lng 12 gam. Cho hn hp B phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3 d thy thot ra 2,24 lt NO (ktc). Tnh m v
khi lng HNO3 phn ng ?
A. 10,08 g v 34,02 g
A. 10,8 g v 34,02 g
C. 10,8 g v 40,32 g
D. 10,08 g v 40,32 g
Gii: n nhn = 3.nNO = 3. 2, 24
= 0,3 mol mFe = 0,7.m xit + 5,6. n nhn = 0,7.12 + 5,6 . 0,3 = 10,08 gam
22, 4
Fe(NO3)3
Fe
0,18
0,18 mol ,
bo ton nguyn t N : n N/HNO3 = n N/Fe(NO3 )3 + n N/NO = 3.0,18 + 0,1 = 0, 64 mol m HNO3 = 0, 64.63 = 40,32 g
Ta chn D
Cu 50: Cho hn hp gm FeO, CuO, Fe3O4 c s mol 3 cht u bng nhau tc dng ht vi dung dch
HNO3 thu hn hp kh gm 0,09 mol NO2 v 0,05 mol NO . S mol ca mi cht l:
A. 0,12
B. 0,24
C. 0,21
D. 0,36
n Fe = 4 x
VNO
VNO = 2, 668 l , chn B
22, 4
+2
+1
-3
Sn phm kh N O 2 , N 2 , N O, N 2 O, N H 4 NO 3 i vi HNO3
+4
-2
S O 2 , H 2 S,S i vi H2SO4c
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Cng thc gii nhanh Ha V C
Mui (kim lai phi ha tr cao nht) v Al, Fe, Cr khng tc dng vi H2SO4 v HNO3 c ngui.
v nnhan
+ i vi H2SO4 c :
+4
Sp kh
gim s xi ha
-2
S O2
H2 S
64=2
6 (-2) = 8
60=6
n( cho / nhan )
2
+ nS (trong sp khu )
n( cho / nhan )
2
+ i vi HNO3 :
+4
Sp kh
gim s
xi ha
N O2
+2
N2
54=1
(5-0).2 = 10
-3
+1
NO
N2 O
52=3
(5 1).2 = 8
N H 4 NO 3 (mui)
5 (-3) = 8
n( cho / nhan )
1
Ch : Nu sp kh c NH4NO3 th khi lng mui sau phn ng phi cng thm khi lng ca NH4NO3
Cu 52 (C 2011): Dy gm cc kim loi u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl nhng khng tc dng vi
dung dch HNO3 c , ngui l:
A. Fe, Al, Cr
B. Cu, Fe, Al
C. Fe, Mg, Al
D. Cu, Pb, Ag
Gii: Chn A , HNO3 c ngui khng tc dng Al, Fe, Cr
Cu 53 : Mt hn hp gm hai bt kim loi Mg v Al c chia thnh hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1: cho tc dng vi HCl d thu c 3,36 lt H2.
- Phn 2: ho tan ht trong HNO3 long d thu c V lt mt kh khng mu, ho nu trong khng kh
(cc th tch kh u o ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24 lt.
B. 3,36 lt.
C. 4,48 lt.
D. 5,6 lt.
Gii: S mol e kim loi nhng khi tc dng vi HCl v HNO3 nh nhau
( Do 2 kim loi c ha tr khng i ).
+
+5
+2
+ 2e
H2
N + 3e N
0,3
0,15 mol
3x
x mol
x = 0,1 V = 2,24 lt . chn A
3x = 0,3
Cu 54 : Cho 1,35 gam hn hp Cu , Mg , Al tc dng vi HNO3 d c 896 ml ( ktc) hn hp gm NO v
NO2 c M = 42 . Tnh tng khi lng mui nitrat sinh ra (kh ktc).
A. 9,41 gam.
B. 10,08 gam.
C. 5,07 gam.
D. 8,15 gam.
Gii: nhh kh = 0,04 . a + b = 0,04 v 30a + 46b = 42 . 0,04 = 1,68
2 H
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a = 0,01 = nNO ; b = 0,03 = nNO2 n nhan = 3.n NO + 1.n NO = 3.0, 01 + 0, 03.1 = 0, 06 mol
2
m hh mui
= mhh kim loi + mNO = mhh kim loi + 62.nnhn = 1,35 + 62.0,06 = 5,07 gam. Chn C
Cu 55 : Ho tan hon ton 1,805 g hn hp gm kim loi A c ho tr khng i duy nht v Fe bng dung
dch HCl thu c 1,064 lt kh H2 . Khi ho tan 1,805 gam hn hp trn bng dd HNO3 long d thu c
0,896 lt kh NO duy nht(ktc) . Cc kh o cng iu kin . Kim loi A l:
A. Cu
B. Cr
C. Al
D. Mn.
Gii: Hn hp kim loi b ha tan hon ton trong HCl A phi tc dng vi HCl .
A
x
An+ + ne
nx
Fe Fe2+ + 2e
y
2y
2 H
+ 2e
0.095
H2
0.0475
A
x
An+ + ne
nx
+5
Fe Fe3+ + 3e
y
3y
N + 3e
0,12
+2
N
0.04
A = 9n
n
1
2
3
Chn A = 27 ( Al ) , chn C
A
9
18
27
Cu 56: Ha tan hon ton 3,6 gam hn hp Al, Fe, Mg bng dd HNO3 thu c 0,01 mol NO; 0,01 mol N2O v
khng c sp kh no khc. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m (g) mui khan. Tnh m.
A. 10,42
B. 11,42
C. 9,84
D. 12,04
Gii: nnhn=3.0,01 + 8.0,01 =0,11 mmui = mkim loi + mgc axit = 3,6 +0,11.62= 10,42 gam, chn A
Cu 57: Ha tan hon ton hn hp Al, Fe, Mg vo 800ml dung dch HNO3(va ) thu c 0,08 mol NO; 0,06
mol N2O v 0,01 mol N2. Vy nng mol ca dung dch HNO3 l
A. 2M
B. 1,5M
C.1,3M
D.1,8M
Gii: nnhn=3.0,08 + 8.0,06+10.0,01 =0,82
nN(trong sp kh) = 0,08.1 + 0,06.2 + 0,01.2=0,22
1, 04
= 1,3M , chn C
suy ra nHNO3 = nnhn + nN (trong sp kh) = 0,82 + 0,22 = 1,04 suy ra CM(HNO3)=
0,8
Cu 58: Ha tan hon ton 2,7 gam mt kim loi cha r ha tr vo dd HNO3 d thy thot ra 0,672 lt kh
(ktc) khng mu khng mi khng chy ( sp kh duy nht ). Tm kim loi
A. Al
B. Fe
C. Zn
D. Mg
0, 672
= 0, 03 , gim s OXH l 10
Gii: Kh khng mu khng mi khng chy l N2 , nN 2 =
22, 4
Bo ton e : mol kim loi . ha tr (tm t l n) = gim s OXH . s mol sp kh
2,7
.n=10.0,03 M =9.n,
M
n=1 M =9
, chn A
n=2 M =18
n=3 M =27 (Al)
Al + dd HNO3 d : n Al .3 = 8.n N 2 O = 8y
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3,6
2,24
.2 = X.
X = 3 NO . Chn A
24
22,4
Cu 61: Cho m gam Al tan hon ton trong dd HNO3, thu c 44,8 lt (ktc) hn hp kh NO, N2O, N2 theo
t l mol 1 : 2 : 2. Gi tr m l
A. 35,1
B. 16,8
C. 140,4
D.2,7
Gii: nhh kh = 44,8 : 22,4 = 2 mol , t t l cho ta t s mol : NO : x mol , N2O : 2x mol , N2 : 2x mol
Nn ta c : x + 2x + 2x = 2 x = 0, 4 mol
Bo ton e :
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Cng thc gii nhanh Ha V C
kh NO2 v SO2 c th tch 1,344 lt (ktc). Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi?
A. 30 v 70
B. 44 v 56
C. 20 v 80
D. 64 v 36
46a + 64b = 2,94
a = 0, 05
1,344
a + b = 22, 4 = 0, 06 b = 0, 01
Fe
60
mol
56
+2
Fe
+ 2e
60
2
mol
56
+4
S + 4e
O2
+ 4e
30
30
mol
4 mol
xmol
32
32
60
30
Theo nh lut bo ton electron : 2
+ 4
= 4x
x = 1,47
56
32
VO2 = 32,928 lt, chn A
2O
4x mol
Cu 68: Th tch dd FeSO4 0,5M cn thit phn ng va vi 100ml dd cha KMnO4 0,2M v K2Cr2O7
0,1M mi trng axit l :
A. 160 ml
B. 320 ml
C. 80 ml
D. 640 ml
n K 2Cr2O7 = 0,01
Gii : Ta c : n KMnO4 = 0,02
+2
Fe Fe3+ + 1e
x mol
x mol
+7
+2
Mn + 5e Mn
0,02 0,1
V FeSO4 =
+6
+3
2 Cr + 6e 2 Cr
0,02 0,06
Cu 69: Ha tan m gam Al trong dung dch HNO3 long sau phn ng thu c 0,896 lt hn hp kh NO v
N2O (ktc) c t khi so vi hiro bng 16,75. Khi lng mui khan thu c sau phn ng l :
A. 12,07 gam
B. 12,78 gam
C. 10,65 gam
D. 14,91 gam.
0,
04
0,
03
a
+
b
=
a
=
GV : Nguyn V Minh
Cng thc gii nhanh Ha V C
Cu 71: Ha tan 5,6g Fe bng dung dch H2SO4 long d th thu c dd X . Dung dch X phn ng va
v i Vml dd KMnO4 0,5M . Gi tr ca V l :
A. 20ml
B. 40ml
C. 60ml
D. 80ml
Gii: nFe = 0,1 mol
+7
Fe
Fe2+ + 2e
Fe2+ Fe2+ + 1e
Mn
+ 5e
0,1 mol
0,1 mol
0,1 mol
0,1 mol
x mol
5x mol
Theo nh lut bo ton electron : 5x = 0,1 x = 0,02 mol V = 40 ml , chn B
+2
Mn
Cu 72: Ho tan hon ton 1,2 gam kim loi M vo dung dch HNO3 d thu c 0,224 lt kh N2 ktc (sn
phm kh duy nht). M l kim loi no di y?
A. Zn
B. Al
C. Ca
D. Mg
Gii: gi n l ha tr kim loi
1,2
0, 224
Bo ton elctron :
M = 12n M = 24, n = 2 Mg , ta chn D
n = 10.
M
22, 4
Cu 73: Cho 9,72 gam kim loi M phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long thu c 0,672 lt kh NO (ktc).
Kim loi M dng l :
A. Cu
B. Mg
C. Fe
D. Ag.
Gii: gi n l ha tr kim loi
9, 72
0, 672
Bo ton elctron :
M = 108n M = 108, n = 1 Ag , ta chn D
n = 3.
M
22, 4
Cu 74: Ha tan hon ton 16,2g mt kim loi ha tr III bng dung dch HNO3,thu c 5,6 lt (kc) hn
hp X gm NO v N2. Bit t khi hi ca X so vi kh oxi bng 0,9. Xc nh tn kim loi em dng?
A. Al
B. Fe
C.Cu
D.Na
Gii: NO : x mol ,
N2 : y mol
0,56
= 0, 25
x = 0,1
nhh = x + y =
22, 4
m = 30 x + 28 y = 0,9.32.0, 25 y = 0,15
hh
16, 2
3 = 3.0,1 + 10.0,15 M = 27 Al , chn A
M
Cu 75: Ho tan 8,1 gam kim loi M bng dung dch HNO3 long thy c 6,72 lt kh NO duy nht ( ktc)thot
ra. M l kim loi: A. Al
B. Cu
C. Fe
D. Mg
Gii: gi n l ha tr kim loi
8,1
6, 72
M = 9n M = 27, n = 3 Al , ta chn A
Bo ton elctron :
n = 3.
M
22, 4
Dng : To mui NH4NO3 (du hiu nhn bit : tao bo ton electron 2 v khng bng nhau nn phi
c thm mui NH4NO3 v gii li bi ton vi x l s mol NH4NO3 ) (cu 76 v cu 77 )
Cu 76 (H Khi B 2008) : Cho 2,16 gam Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 (d). Sau khi phn ng xy
ra hon ton thu c 0,896 lt kh NO ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi lng mui khan thu c khi lm
bay hi dung dch X l A. 13,32 gam.
B. 6,52 gam.
C. 8,88 gam.
D. 13,92 gam.
Gii: nMg = 0,09 mol , nNO = 0,04 mol
Bo ton e : 0,09. 2 0,04.3 nn c to mui NH4NO3 : x mol
Bo ton e khi c mui NH4NO3 : 0,09.2 = 0,04.3 + 8.x x = 0,0075 mol
Bo ton electron :
Mg Mg(NO3)2
0,09
0,09 mol
m mui = mMg ( NO3 )2 + mNH 4 NO3 = 0, 09.148 + 0, 0075.80 = 13,92 gam , chn D
Cu 77 (H Khi A 2009): Ho tan hon ton 12,42 gam Al bng dung dch HNO3 long (d), thu c
dung dch X v 1,344 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh Y gm hai kh l N2O v N2. T khi ca hn hp kh Y so
vi kh H2 l 18. C cn dung dch X, thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
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Cng thc gii nhanh Ha V C
A. 38,34.
B. 34,08.
C. 106,38.
D. 97,98.
Gii: nAl = 0,46 mol, N2O : a mol , N2 : b mol
1,344
= 0, 06
nhh = a + b =
22, 4
a = b = 0, 03 mol
m mui = mAl ( NO3 )3 + mNH 4 NO3 = 0, 46.213 + 0,105.80 = 106,38 gam , chn C
Cu 78: Cho 1,35 g hn hp gm Cu , Mg , Al tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 thu c hn hp kh gm
0,01 mol NO vo 0,04 mol NO2. Khi lng mui to ra trong dung dch l :
A. 3,45g
B. 4,35g
C. 5,69g
D. 6,59g
+5
+2
+5
+4
N
N + 1e
N
Gii : N + 3e
0,03 mol
0,01 mol
0,04 mol
0,04 mol
n nhn = 0,03 + 0,04 = 0,07 = s mol gc NO3 trong mui
Khi lng hh mui = m kim loi + m NO3 trong mui = 1,35 + 62 . 0,07 = 5,69g , chn C
Cu 79 : Cho hn hp gm 0,15 mol CuFeS2 v 0,09 mol Cu2FeS2 tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 d thu c
dung dch X v hn hp kh Y gm NO v NO2. Thm BaCl2 d vo dung dch X thu c m gam kt ta.
Mt khc, nu thm Ba(OH)2 d vo dung dch X, ly kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i
thu c a gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m v a l:
A. 111,84g v 157,44g
B. 111,84g v 167,44g
C. 112,84g v 157,44g
D. 112,84g v 167,44g
0,15
Cu2FeS2
0,09
0,15
0,3
0,09
0,18
0,48
2Fe Fe2O3
0,33
0,24
0,33
0,12
Al
CO
t cao
xit kim loi +
kim loi +
C
H 2
o
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CO
2
, iu kin : kim loi
CO
hay
CO
2
H 2 O
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Cu 80 (H Khi A 2009): Cho lung kh CO (d) i qua 9,1 gam hn hp gm CuO v Al2O3 nung nng
n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 8,3 gam cht rn. Khi lng CuO c trong hn hp ban u l
A. 0,8 gam. B. 8,3 gam. C. 2,0 gam. D. 4,0 gam.
Gii: mO = 9,1 8,3 = 0,8 (g) nO = nCuO = 0,05(mol)
mCuO = 0,05.80 = 4 (g) ,
Chn D
Cu 81 : Dy cc xit b CO kh nhit cao l :
A. CuO, FeO, ZnO, MgO
B. CuO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, Al2O3
C. Na2O, CaO, MgO, Al2O3
D. ZnO, PbO, CuO, Fe2O3
Gii: xit kim loi tham gia p nhit luyn phi ng sau Al nn ta loi cc xit ca kim loi Na, Ca, Al, Mg.
Chn D
Cu 82 : Kh hon ton 6,64 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 cn dng va 2,24 lt CO (ktc). Khi
lng Fe thu c l bao nhiu ?
A. 5,4 gam
B. 5,04 gam
C.2,24 gam
D. 3,84 gam
2, 24
= 0,1 m O = 0,1.16 = 1,6 (gam)
22, 4
n O =n H 2O =
1,8
= 0,1 m O =0,1.16=1,6 (gam) m kim loai = 6, 4 1, 6 = 4,8g . Ta chn B
18
nO =
0,32
=0,02 = n (H2 ,CO) V(H2 ,CO) =V=0, 02.22, 4 = 0, 448 . Ta chn A
16
Cu 85 : Kh hon ton a gam mt xit st bng CO nhit cao ngi ta thu c 14,56 gam Fe v 8,736
lt CO2 (ktc). Vy cng thc xit st l :
A. FeO
B. Fe3O4
C.Fe2O3
D. Fe2O3 hoc Fe3O4
n
14,56
8,736
0, 26 2
=0,26, n O (oxit)=n CO2 =
=0,39, Fe =
= . Ta chn C
56
22,4
n O 0,39 3
Cu 86 (H Khi A 2010) : Cho m gam hn hp bt X gm ba kim loi Zn, Cr, Sn c s mol bng nhau
tc dng ht vi lng d dung dch HCl long, nng thu c dung dch Y v kh H2. C cn dung dch Y
thu c 8,98 gam mui khan. Nu cho m gam hn hp X tc dng hon ton vi O2 (d) to hn hp 3
oxit th th tch kh O2 (ktc) phn ng l
A. 2,016 lt.
B. 0,672 lt.
C. 1,344 lt.
D. 1,008 lt.
Gii : 3 kim loi trn khi phn ng vi HCl long nng u b oxi ha thnh s oxi ha +2. Cn khi tc dng O2, Zn t
+2, Cr to +3, Sn to +4.
65 + 52 + 119
- Gi s mol mi kim loi l a (mol) th: m M Cl = 3a.(
+ 71) = 8,98 => a = 0,02 .
3
2.0, 02 + 3.0, 02 + 4.0, 02
= 0, 045(mol ) 1, 008(lit )
- Bo ton (e) cho qu trnh tc dng O2: nO =
4
Chn D
Cu 87 (C 2009) : Kh hon ton mt xit st X nhit cao cn va V lt CO ( ktc), sau phn
16
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Gii: n Fe =
GV : Nguyn V Minh
Cng thc gii nhanh Ha V C
ng thu c 0,84 gam Fe v 0,02 mol kh CO2. Cng thc X v gi tr V ln lt l :
A. FeO v 0,224
B. Fe2O3 v 0,448
C. Fe3O4 v 0,448
D. Fe3O4 v 0,224
Gii: nO (trong xit) = nCO = nCO2 = 0,02 mol ; nFe = 0,015 mol
n Fe 0, 015 3
=
= Fe3O 4 , V = 0,02.22,4 = 0,448 lt, chn C
nO
0, 02 4
Cu 88 (C 2011): t chy hon ton 17,4 gam hn hp Mg v Al trong kh oxi (d) thu c 30,2 gam
hn hp oxit. Th tch kh oxi (ktc) tham gia phn ng l:
A. 17,92 lt
B. 4,48 lt
C. 11,20 lt
D. 8,96 lt
m mkl 30, 2 17, 4
1
Gii: n O 2 = n O = oxit
=
= 0,8 mol VO 2 = 0,8.22, 4 = 17,92 lit , chn A
2
16
16
Cu 89 : Thi lng kh CO d i qua ng ng hn hp hai xit Fe3O4 v CuO nung nng n khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton thu c 2,32 gam hn hp kim loi. Kh thot ra c a vo bnh ng dung dch
Ca(OH)2 d thy c 5 gam kt ta trng. Khi lng hn hp hai xit kim loi ban u l :
A. 3,12 gam
B. 3,21 gam
C. 4 gam
D. 4,2 gam
Gii: Do Ca(OH)2 d nn ta lun c : nCO2 = nCaCO3 = nO = nCO = 0, 05 mol
HCl
0,15
= 0, 075 lit = 75 ml , chn C
2
Cu 91 (s dng quy i xit = kim loi + O): t chy hon ton 26,8 g hn hp 3 kim loi Fe, Al, Cu thu
c 41,4 g hn hp 3 oxit. Th tch dung dch H2SO4 1M cn dng ha tan va hn hp oxit trn l
A. 1,8250 lt.
B. 0,9125 lt.
C. 3,6500 lt.
D. 2,7375 lt
VHCl =
Gii: n O =
Ta chn B
Cu 92 : Cho 31,9 gam hn hp Al2O3, ZnO, FeO, CaO tc dng ht vi CO d nung nng thu c 28,7
gam hn hp Y. Cho Y tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c V lt H2(ktc). Th tch H2 l:
A . 5,6 lt
B. 6,72 lt
C. 4,48 lt
D. 11,2 lt
Gii: Khi lng nguyn t xi = gim khi lng cht rn
mO = 31,9 28,7 = 3,2 gam n O = n H2 = n CO = 0, 2 mol V = 0, 2.22, 4 = 4, 48 lit , chn C
Cu 93 : Cho V lt (ktc) kh H2 i qua bt CuO un nng c 32 gam Cu. Nu cho V lt H2 i qua bt FeO
un nng th lng Fe thu c l :
A. 24 gam
B. 26 gam
C. 28 gam
D. 30 gam
32
= 0,5 mol mFe = 56.0,5 = 28 gam , chn C
Gii: n H2 = n Cu = n Fe =
64
Cu 94 : Cho 34,8 gam hn hp gm xit v mui cacbonat ca kim loi km R. Ha tan ht hn hp trn
bng mt lng va dung dch cha 0,6 mol HCl. Tn kim loi R l :
A. Na
B. K
C. Li
D. Cs
Gii: R 2 O + 2HCl 2RCl + H 2 O ; R 2CO3 + 2HCl 2RCl + H 2O + CO 2
Qua hai phng trnh ta thy s mol HCl = 2 ln tng s mol hn hp nn thay hn hp bng 1 cht c s
34,8
mol l 0,3 M =
= 116 2 R + 16 < M < 2 R + 60 28 < R < 50 l K (39), chn B
0,3
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Dng 8: Ha tan hon ton (K, Na, Ca, Ba) + H2O dd kim ( cha ion OH ) +
Ta c pt ion sau :
H2
nOH = 2.nH 2
1
H 2O OH + H 2
2
mran = mkimloai + mOH
+e
n H+ =n OH-
Cu 95 (H khi B 2007): Cho mt mu hp kim Na-Ba tc dng vi nc (d) thu c dung dch X v
3,36 lt H2 ktc. Th tch dung dch H2SO4 2M cn dung trung ha dd X l
A. 60ml
B. 30ml
C. 75ml
D. 150ml
1
3, 36
H 2 nOH = 2.nH = 2.
= 0, 3
2
2
22, 4
Gi th tch dung dch H2SO4 2M l V n H + =2.n H 2SO 4 = 2.2.V=4V
+e
Gii: H 2 O OH +
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Cng thc gii nhanh Ha V C
Cu 101 : Cho m gam hn hp X gm Na Ba tc dng vi nc thu c dung dch Y v 3,36 lt H2 (ktc).
Th tch dung dch axit HNO3 2M cn dng trung ha lng dung dch Y l
A. 0,15 lt
B. 0,3 lt
C. 0,075 lt
D. 0,1 lt
3,36
= 0,3 mol
Gii: n OH = 2.n H2 = 2.
22, 4
0,3
dung dch Y n OH =
=0,15 mol n H+ = n HNO3 = n OH V .1.2 = 0,15 V = 0, 075 l = 75 ml ,
2
chn C
+
hoc v d nh phn ng ca Cu kim loi vi hn hp dung dch NaNO3 v dung dch H2SO4 l
3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O
n
Cu
nCu nH + nNO3
n
3+
+
,
,
Fe Cn tnh H sau lp t s
v sau ta s mol ca cht hay ion c t s nh
3 8
2
nNO3
nht vo v tnh V(NO)
Cu 102(C 2011): nhn ra ion NO3- trong dung dch Ba(NO3)2, ngi ta un nng nh dung dch
vi:
A. dung dch H2SO4 long
B. kim loi Cu v dung dch Na2SO4
C. kim loi Cu v dung dch H2SO4 long
D. kim loi Cu
Gii: Chn C (xem trong phng php)
Cu 103 (H Khi B 2007): Khi cho Cu tc dng vi dung dch cha H2SO4 long v NaNO3. Vai tr ca
NaNO3 trong phn ng l?
A. Cht xc tc
B. Cht oxi ha
C. Mi trng
D. Cht kh
Gii: Vai tr ca NaNO3 trong phn ng l cht xi ha , chn B
Cu 104 : Xem phn ng: a Cu + b NO3- + c H+
d Cu2+ + e NO + f H2O
Tng s cc h s (a + b + c + d + e + f) nguyn, nh nht, phn ng trn cn bng, l:
A. 18
B. 20
C. 22
D. 24
+
2+
Gii: nCu =
nH + = 0,12
3, 2
= 0, 05; nHNO3 = 0,8.0,1 = 0, 08; nH 2 SO4 = 0, 2.0,1 = 0, 02
64
nNO3 = 0, 08
3C u + 8H + + 2N O 3 - 3C u 2+ + 2N O 2 + 4H 2 O
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3,84
= 0,06 mol
n Cu =
64
Gii: TN1:
n HNO = 0,08 mol
n H + = 0,08 mol
:0,06
0,08
H+ phn ng ht
0,08 mol
0,02 mol
3Cu + 8H + 2NO3
Ban u:
Phn ng:
0,06
0,16
2+
3Cu
0,08 mol
+ 2NO + 4H2O
Cu v H+ phn ng ht
0,04 mol
0,8
0,2
0, 2 mol
0,6
0,8
0,2
0, 2 mol
Cu 108 : Ha tan ht 3,6 gam FeO bng HNO3 long, va . Thm H2SO4 long d vo dung dch sau phn
ng thu c mt dng dch c th ha tan ti a m gam bt Cu v to ra V lt NO (ktc). Gi tr m v V ln
lt l :
A. 16 gam v 3,36 lt
B. 14,4 gam v 3,36 lt
C. 1,6 gam v 3,36 lt
D. 16 gam v 4,48 lt
HNO3
Gii : FeO
Fe(NO 3 )3
0,05
0,05 mol
Thm H2SO4 long d. Dung dch cha cc tc nhn ca phnng Cu l Fe3+ , H + , NO3
2Fe3+ + Cu 2Fe 2+ + Cu 2+
0,05
0,025 mol
0,015 mol
0,225
mCu = 0,25. 56 = 16 gam , V = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36, chn A
Cu 109 (C 2010): Cho a gam Fe vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm HNO3 0,8M v Cu(NO3)2 1M. Sau
khi phn ng xong c kh NO l sn phm kh duy nht ca N+5 v 0,92a gam hn hp kim loi. Gi tr a
l :
A. 11,0
B. 11,2
C. 8,4
D. 5,6
n 2+ = 0,1 mol
Cu
Gii : n H+ = 0, 08 mol
n NO3- = 0, 28 mol
Kim loi cn d nn Fe+ b chuyn v Fe2+ :
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Cng thc gii nhanh Ha V C
0,03
0,08
0,02
2+
2+
+ Cu
Fe + Cu Fe
0,1
0,1
0,1
Nn : a 56.(0,03 + 0,1) + 64.0,1 = 0,92a a = 11, chn A
Cu 110 : Ha tan 1,28 gam Cu vo 50ml dung dch hn hp H2SO4 0,1M v NaNO3 0,5M thu c a mol kh
NO dung nht. Tnh a ? A. 0,0025
B.0,0133
C. 0,025
D. 0,032
n = 0, 02 mol
Cu
Gii : n H + = 0, 01 mol
Ban u : 0,02
0,01 0,025 mol
Ban u : 0,09
0,2
0,12 mol
Phn ng
0,2
V = 0,05.22,4 = 1,12 lt , chn D
0,05 mol
Cu 112 : Ha tan 12,8 gam Cu vo 200ml dung dch hn hp H2SO4 1M v KNO3 0,5M. Th tch kh NO duy
nht ktc l : A. 2,24 lt
B. 2,99 lt
C. 4,48 lt
D.11,2 lt
n = 0, 2 mol
Cu
Gii : n H + = 0, 4 mol
Ban u : 0,2
0,4
0,1 mol
0,1 mol
Phn ng
0,4
V = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 lt , chn A
Cu 113 : Cho 1,92 gam Cu vo 100 ml dung dch cha ng thi KNO3 0,16M v H2SO4 0,4M thy sinh ra
mt cht kh c t khi hi so vi H2 l 15. Th tch kh ktc l :
A. 0,672 lt
B. 1,446 lt
n = 0, 03 mol
Cu
Gii : n H + = 0, 08 mol v Kh c M = 15.2 = 30 l NO
C. 0,3584 lt
D. 0,4568 lt
Ban u : 0,03
0,08
0,016 mol
0,016 mol
Phn ng
0,016
V = 0,016.22,4 = 0,3584 lt , chn C
Cu 114 : Cho 1,12 gam Cu vo 50 ml dung dch cha ng thi KNO3 0,16M v H2SO4 0,1M thy c kh
21
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Cng thc gii nhanh Ha V C
+5
NO ( sn phm kh duy nht ca s kh N ) bay ra. kt ta ton b Cu2+ trong dung dch sau phn ng
cn ti thiu bao nhiu lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M.
A. 0,07 lt
B. 0,015 lt
C. 0,064 lt
D. 0,048 lt
n = 0, 0175 mol
Cu
Gii : n H + = 0, 01 mol
3Cu
8H+
0,00375
n OH = 2 n Cu 2+
2NO3
3Cu2+ +
0,0025 mol 0,00375
2NO + 4H2O
0,01
= 0, 0075 mol nn V = 0,0075 : 0,5 = 0,015 lt , Chn B
Dng 10: Cho dd chc ion H+ vo dung dch cha CO3 , HCO3
Nu bi ton hi ngc li : cho CO32- vo dung dch cha H + th ch c 1 phn ng duy nht
2H + + CO32- CO 2 + H 2 O
Cu 115 (H Khi A 2009):Dung dch X cha hn hp gm Na2CO3 1,5M v KHCO3 1M. Nh t t tng
git cho n ht 200 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch X, sinh ra V lt kh ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 4,48.
B. 1,12.
C. 2,24.
D. 3,36.
Gii: n (Na2CO3) = 0,1.1,5 = 0,15 mol = n (CO32-)
n (KHCO3) = 0,1.1 = 0,1 mol = n ( HCO3-)
n (HCl) = 0,2.1 = 0,2 mol = n (H+)
H + + CO32- HCO3+ u tin s c phn ng
0,15 0,15 0,15
H + + CO32- HCO3b b
2-
H + du
HCO3- CO 2 + H 2 O
V(CO 2 )=(a-b).22,4
( a b) ( a b) ( a b)
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Cng thc gii nhanh Ha V C
Cu 117 (H Khi A 2010) : Nh t t tng git n ht 30 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100ml dung dch
cha Na2CO3 0,2 M v NaHCO3 0,2M. Sau phn ng thu c s mol CO2 l :
A. 0,01
B. 0,015
C. 0,020
D. 0,030
Gii: n CO2 = 0, 02 mol, n HCO = 0, 02 mol, n H + = 0, 03 mol
3
+ u tin s c phn ng
+ CO32- HCO3-
0, 02 0, 02 0, 02 mol
vy tng s mol HCO3 l 0,02 + 0,02 = 0,04 mol
+ Sau do H+ cn d ( 0,03 0,02 = 0,01 mol ) nn xy ra tip phn ng sau :
H + du + HCO3 CO 2 + H 2 O
0,01 0,01 0,01
Vy ta chn A
Cu 118 : Cho t t dung dch HCl vo dung dch Na2CO3 n d th
A. C si bt kh ngay lp tc.
B. Ban u khng c si bt, mt thi gian sau si bt.
C. Khng hin tng.
D. C kt ta mu trng.
Gii : Chn B
Cu 119 : Cho t t 100ml dung dch HCl 2M vo 200ml dung dch Y cha KHCO3 1M v K2CO3 1M. Th
tch kh CO2 thot ra ktc l :
A. 0,0 lt
B. 4,48 lt
C. 2,24 lt
D. 3,36 lt
Gii: n CO2 = 0, 2 mol, n HCO = 0, 2 mol, n H + = 0, 2 mol
3
u tin s c phn ng
H+
+ CO32 HCO3
0, 2 mol
0, 2 0, 2
Do H ht phn ng trn nn s khng c kh CO2 thot ra, chn A
Cu 120 : Nh rt t t n ht 500ml dung dch HCl nng 1,2M vo 480ml dung dch Na2CO3 1M ang
c khuy nh, u. Sau phn ng thu c mt dung dch v V lt kh (ktc). Tnh V ?
A. 2,688
B. 13,44
C. 10,752
D. 6,288
Gii: n CO2 = 0, 48 mol, n H + = 0, 6 mol
+
+ u tin s c phn ng
H+
+ CO32 HCO3
0, 48 0, 48
0, 2 mol
Mg
1/ MgS
S
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Mg , S
MgS , S
MgS , Mg
quy i v
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Cu
CuS
2/ S
Cu2 S
Fe
FeS
3/ S
FeS 2
quy i v
Cu , S
CuS , S
CuS , Cu
CuS , Cu2 S
..............
quy i v
Fe, S
FeS , S
FeS 2 , Fe
FeS , FeS 2
..............
FeS 2 15e Fe +3 + 2 S +6
Fe 3e Fe +3
y 15 y y
x 3x x
Vy tng s mol e- nhng l ncho = 3x + 15y
v nnhn =( gim s oxh) . (s mol kh ) = 1.2,4
x = 0, 05 = n Fe
Fe3+ : x + y = 0, 2mol
3.x + 15.y =2,4 (2) =>
ddA
2
y = 0,15 = n FeS2
SO4 = nS = 2.0,15 = 0,3
, O2
Fe 3 + OH
Fe (OH ) 3 nung
Fe2 O3 : a ( mol )
Cu 2e Cu +2
x 2x x
+6
S 6e S
y
6y
Vy tng s mol e- nhng l ncho = 2.x + 6.y
v nnhn = ( gim s oxh) . (s mol kh ) = 3.0,9 = 2,7 mol
64 x + 32 y = 30, 4
Ta c h :
x = 0,3; y = 0,35
2 x + 6 y = 2, 7
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2 OH
Cu 2+
Cu(OH) 2
0, 3
0,3 mol
2+
2
Ba + SO 4 BaSO 4
Cu 123 : Hn hp X gm Mg, MgS v S. Ha tan han ton m gam X trong HNO3 d thu c 2,912 lt kh
N2 duy nht (ktc) v dung dch Y. Thm Ba(OH)2 d vo Y thu c 46,55 g kt ta. Tm m.
A. 4,8
B. 7,2
C.9,6
D. 12,0
Gii: N2 : 0,13 mol , Ta quy i hn hp v Mg (x mol) v S (y mol) mhh = 24x + 32y
0
Mg 2e Mg +2
x 2x x
+6
S 6e S
y
6y
y = 0,45 mol
V
V = 24,64 lt, chn C
Bo ton electron : 3x + 6y = 3.
22,4
Cu 125 : Ha tan hon ton 3,76 gam hn hp: S, FeS, FeS2 trong HNO3 c d c 10,752 lt NO2 ( 27,30C
v 1,1 atm) l sn phm kh duy nht v dung dch X. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 d vo X, lc kt ta nung n
khi lng khng i th khi lng cht rn thu c l:
A. 17,545 gam
B. 18,355 gam
C. 15,145 gam
D. 2,4 gam
Gii: NO2 : 0, 48 mol
Ta quy i hn hp v Fe (x mol) v S (y mol) mhh = 56x + 32y = 3,76 gam (1)
Bo ton electron : 3x + 6y = 1.0,48 (2)
Ta c : x = 0,03 , y = 0,065 mol
m BaSO4 = 233 y = 15,145 gam
2Fe(OH)3 Fe 2 O3
0,03 0,015 mol
mFe2O3 = 0, 015.160 = 2, 4 gam
Khi lng cht rn = 15,145 + 2,4 = 17,545 gam , chn A
Dng 12 :
HNO 3
FeS, FeS2 , CuS, Cu 2S
SO 4 2- ,Fe3+ ,Cu 2+ + NO
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Cng thc gii nhanh Ha V C
A. 0,04
B. 0,075
C. 0,12
D.0,06
3+
Gii: Dung dch thu c ch cha mui sunfat duy nht nn ch cha cc ion : Fe ; Cu2+ ; SO42-
n Fe = n 3+ = 0,12.1 = 0,12
Fe
0,12 mol FeS2 bao toan nguyen to
n Cu = n Cu 2+ = 0, 2.a = 0, 2a
a
mol
Cu
S
n = n SO 2- = 0,12.2 + a.1 = 0, 24 + a
S
4
Cu 127 : Ha tan hon ton hh gm a mol FeS2 ; 0,5a mol FeS v 0,06 mol Cu2S vo axit HNO3 va thu
c dung dch X ch cha 2 mui sunfat v kh NO duy nht . Gi tr ca a l :
A.0,24
B.0,2
C.0,12
D.0,06
Gii: Dung dch thu c ch cha mui sunfat duy nht nn ch cha cc ion : Fe3+ ; Cu2+ ; SO42-
n Fe = n 3+ = a + 0,5a = 1,5a
a mol FeS2
Fe
n S = n SO42- = 2,5a + 0, 06
n Fe = n 3+ = x
Fe
x mol FeS2
bao toan nguyen to
n Cu = n Cu 2+ = 0, 05.2 = 0,1
Gii:
0, 05 mol Cu 2S
n = n SO 2- = 2 x + 0, 05
S
4
n Fe = n 3+ = x
Fe
x
mol
FeS
2
bao toan nguyen to
n Cu = n Cu 2+ = 2 y
Gii:
y mol Cu 2S
n S = n SO42- = 2 x + y
Cu 131 : Ha tan hon ton a gam hn hp X ( FeS2 v Cu2S ) vo dung dch HNO3 (va ) thu c dung
dch Y ch cha 2 mui sunfat duy nht v 17,92 lt kh NO l sn phm kh duy nht. Tm a :
A. 12
B. 16
C. 24
D. 25
Gii: t x v y ln lt l s mol FeS2 v Cu2S
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n Fe = n 3+ = x
Fe
x mol FeS2 bao toan nguyen to
n Cu = n Cu 2+ = 2 y
y mol Cu 2S
n S = n SO42- = 2 x + y
+2
N + 3e N
2,4 0,8 mol
0
FeS2
+3
Fe
+6
2S
15e
x
0
15x
+2
Cu 2S 2Cu
+6
1S
10e
y
10y
Bo ton electron : 15x + 10y = 2,4 suy ra x = 0,06 mol , y = 0,12 mol
Vy a = 120.0,12 + 160.0,06 = 24 gam, chn C
Dng 13 : TON MUI ( TON THUN)
Cho CO2 hocSO2 hoc H2S hoc P2O5 hoc H3PO4 vo dung dch cha mt trong cc dung dch NaOH,
KOH , Ca(OH)2 , Ba(OH)2
Cho NH3 vo dung dich cha H3PO4
V nhiu dng tng t , ta cn lp s mol ca 2 nguyn t quan trng s thy sn phm v s dng bo
ton nguyn t s tm ra s mol sn phm d dng m khng cn phi vit phng trnh phn ng
Cu 132 : 0,1 mol CO2 hp th vo dd cha 0,2 mol NaOH. Tm cc cht tan c trong dung dch.
A. Na2CO3
B. NaHCO3
C. Na2CO3 v NaOH d
D. NaHCO3 v Na2CO3
Gii: Nhn xt : ch c th c 2 mui l
Na2CO3 ( Na : C = 2 : 1= 2 ) hoc NaHCO3 ( Na : C = 1 : 1 = 1)
nC = nCO2 = 0,1 mol , nNa = n NaOH = 0,2 mol
n
0, 2
= 2 to mui Na2CO3 ( Na : C = 2 : 1 ), chn A
lp t l Na =
nC
0,1
Cu 133 : 0,1 mol CO2 hp th vo dung dch cha 0,18 mol KOH. Tm cc sn phm
A. K2CO3
B. KHCO3
C. K2CO3 v KOH d
D. KHCO3 v K2CO3
Gii: Nhn xt : ch c th c 2 mui l
K2CO3 ( K : C = 2 : 1 =2 ) hoc KHCO3 ( K : C = 1 : 1 = 1)
ng dng nC = nCO2 = 0,1 , nK = n KOH = 0,18
K 2 CO3
n
0,18
lp t l 1 < K =
= 1,8 < 2 c c 2 mui
nC
0,1
KHCO3
Ta chn D
Cu 134 : 0,5 mol P2O5 cho vo dd cha 0,8 mol Ca(OH)2. Tm cc sn phm ?
A. Ca3(PO4)2
B. Ca(H2PO4)2 v CaHPO4
B. Ca(H2PO4)2 v Ca3(PO4)2
D. Ca(H2PO4)2
Gii: Nhn xt : ch c th c 3 mui l
Ca3(PO4)2
( Ca : P = 3 : 2 = 1,5 )
Ca(H2PO4)2 ( Ca : P = 1 : 2 = 0,5 )
v CaHPO4
( Ca : P = 1 : 1 = 1 )
n P = 2.0,5 = 1 mol , n Ca = 0,8.1 = 0,8 mol
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lp t s 0,5 <
Ca ( H 2 PO 4 )2
nCa 0,8
=
= 0,8 < 1
, Chn B
1
nP
CaHPO 4
Cu 135 : Trn 450 ml dung dch NaOH 1 vi 150 ml dung dch H3PO4 2M. Dung dch thu c sau phn
ng cha nhng mui no ?
A. NaH2PO4 v Na2HPO4
B. Na3PO4 v Na2HPO4
C. NaH2PO4 v NaOH d
D. Na2HPO4
Gii: Nhn xt : : ch c th c 3 mui l Na3PO4
( Na : P = 3 : 1 = 3 )
NaH2PO4
( Na : P = 1 : 1 = 1 )
v Na2HPO4
( Na : P = 2 : 1 = 2 )
n(NaOH) = 0,45.1 = 0,45 mol = n Na
n(H3PO4) = 0,15.2 =0,3 mol = n P
lp t l 1 <
nNa 0, 45
=
= 1,5 < 2 NaH2PO4 v Na2HPO4 , chn A
0,3
nP
Cu 136 : Trn dung dch cha a mol Ca(OH)2 vi dung dch cha b mol H3PO4. Chn t l f = a/b nh th
no sau phn ng thu c 2 mui gm Ca(H2PO4)2 v CaHPO4.
A. 1 < f < 2
B. 1 < f < 1,5
C. 0,5 < f < 1
D. 0,5 < f < 1,5
Gii: Nu bi ny chng ta ghi phng trnh th bi ton s rt phc tp, khng ph hp cho k thi quc gia
theo phng php trc nghim. Tc gi xin trnh bi cch gii n gin sau :
Nhn xt : c 2 mui l Ca(H2PO4)2
( Ca : P = 1 : 2 = 0,5 )
v CaHPO4
( Ca : P = 1 : 1 = 1 ) ( cho 2 mui ny )
nCa = a v n P = b
n
a
m f = = Ca nn ta thy 0,5 < f < 1, chn C
b nC
Cu 137 : Cho 2,24 lt H2S vo 100ml dung dch NaOH 1,6M thu c dung dch X. tnh s gam mui thu
c khi c cn dung dch X ?
A. 6,92
B. 2,96
C. 9,26
D. 92,6
Gii: Nhn xt : c 2 mui l NaHS ( Na : S = 1 : 1 = 1 ) v Na2S ( Na : S = 2 : 1 = 2 )
n(H2S) = 0,1 mol = nS v n (NaOH) = 0,1.1,6 = 0,16 mol = n Na
lp t l 1 <
nS
0,1
nS = x + y = 0,1
y = 0, 06
Na2 S y mol
nNa 0, 4
=
= 2 Na2 SO3 a mol nS = 2 = 0, 2
nS 0, 2
vy khi lng mui l m (mui) = 0,2.126 = 25,2 gam
Chn cu D ( c th tnh theo s mol Na cng c )
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0,25a
mol P2O5 vo 125 gam dung dch NaOH 16% thu c dung dch Y ch cha 2 mui
17
NaH2PO4 v Na2HPO4. Gi tr ca a nm trong khong no sau y ?
A. 8,5 < a < 17
B. 17 < a < 34
C. 10,2 < a < 20,4
D. 1207 < a < 2414
Gii: Nhn xt : NaH2PO4 ( Na : P = 1 : 1 = 1 ) v Na2HPO4 ( Na : P = 2 : 1 = 2 )
0,25a
0,5a
16 125
n(P) =
.2 =
v n (Na) = n( NaOH) =
.
= 0,5
100 40
17
17
0,5a
nP
a
Ta c
= 17 =
n Na 0,5 17
Cu 140 : Cho
nP
a
= < 2 17 < a < 34 chn p n B
n Na 17
Cu 141 (H Khi B 2009): Cho 100 ml dung dch KOH 1,5M vo 200 ml dung dch H3PO4 0,5M, thu
c dung dch X. C cn dung dch X, thu c hn hp gm cc cht sau l :
A. K3PO4, K2HPO4
B. K2HPO4, KH2PO4
C. K3PO4 v KOH
D. H3PO4 v KH2PO4
Gii: nK = 0,15 mol , nP = 0,1 mol
v t bi ta c 1 <
KH2PO4 , K : P = 1
KOH
H3PO4
K2HPO4 , K : P = 2
K3PO4 , K : P = 3
n K 0,15
1<
=
= 1,5 < 2 nn sn phm l KH2PO4 v K2HPO4 , chn B
nP
0,1
Cu 142 (C 2010): Hp th hon ton 3,36 lt CO2 (ktc) vo 125 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M thu c
dung dch X. Coi th tch dung dch khng thay i, nng mol ca cht tan trong dung dch X l :
A. 0,4M
B. 0,2M
C. 0,6M
D. 0,1M
BaCO3 , Ba : C = 1
Gii: CO2 : 0,15 mol + Ba(OH)2 : 0,125 mol
Ba(HCO3)2 , Ba : C = 1 : 2 = 0,5
n C = n CO2 = 0,15 mol; n Ba = n Ba(OH)2 = 0,125 mol
n Ba 0,125 5
=
= < 1 nn c c hai mui BaCO3 : x mol , Ba(HCO3)2 : y mol
nC
0,15 6
nC = x + 2y = 0,15 mol , nBa = x + y = 0,125 mol x = 0,1 mol , y = 0,025 mol
[Ba(HCO3)2] = 0,025 : 0,125 = 0,2 M, Chn B
Cu 143 (C 2008): Dn t t V lt kh CO (ktc) i qua ng s ng lng d hn hp rn gm CuO,
Fe2O3 ( nhit cao). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c kh X. Dn ton b kh X trn vo
lng d Ca(OH)2 th to 4 gam kt ta. Gi tr V l :
A. 1,120
B. 0,896
C. 0,448
D. 0,224
4
= 0, 04 mol
Gii: Ca(OH)2 d nn n CO2 = n CaCO3 =
100
0,5 <
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GV : Nguyn V Minh
0,1
0,1
Ba(OH)2 + 2CO 2 Ba(HCO3 )2
0, 2
0,1
n CO2 = 0, 2 + 0,1 = 0,3 = n O (trong oxit)
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng : m = mA + mO = 21,6 +0,3.16 = 26,4 gam, chn C
Cu 149 (H Khi B 2008) : Nhit phn hon ton 40 gam mt loi qung lmit c ln tp cht tr sinh ra
8,96 lt kh CO2(ktc). Thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca CaCO3.MgCO3 trong loi qung nu trn l
A. 84%.
B. 50%.
C. 92%.
D. 40%.
t0
8,96
CaCO3 ,MgCO3
CaO.MgO + 2 CO 2
= 0, 4 mol ;
Gii: n CO2 =
22, 4
0, 2
0,4
m MgCO3 .CaCO3 = 0, 2.(100 + 84) = 36,8 gam
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GV : Nguyn V Minh
36,8
100 = 92% , chn C
40
Cu 150 (H Khi B 2007) : Nung 13,4 gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ha tr 2, thu c 6,8
gam cht rn v kh X. Lng kh X sinh ra cho hp th vo 75 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, khi lng mui khan
thu c sau phn ng l
A. 6,5 gam.
B. 5,8 gam.
C. 6,3 gam.
D. 4,2 gam.
Gii: n NaOH = 0, 075.1 = 0, 075 mol = n Na
m MCO3 m MO 13, 4 6,8
n CO2 =
=
= 0,15 mol = n C
44
44
n Na
1
= < 1 N aH C O 3 v CO2 d,
nC
2
CO2 + NaOH
NaHCO3
0,075
0,075 mol, nn m (NaHCO3) = 0,075.84 = 6,3 gam, chn C
Cu 151 : Hp th ht 0,35 mol CO2 vo duung dch cha 0,225 mol Ca(OH)2. Tnh lng kt ta thu c
A. 10 gam
B. 11 gam
C. 12 gam
D. 13 gam
n
Gii: V 1 OH = 1, 28 2 m = 100(0, 45 0,35) = 10 gam , chn A
n
% m=
n Ca(OH)2 , n CaCO3
TH1 : ch c kt ta
, tm
n CO2
n CO2 = n
Nu
n CaCO3 , n CO2
n CaCO3
n CO2 th
, tm
n Ca(OH)2
n Ca(OH)2 =
n CO2 + n CaCO3
2
Cu 152 : Hp th ton b x mol CO2 vo dung dch cha 0,03 mol Ca(OH)2 thu c 2 gam kt ta. Tm x ?
A. 0,02 mol v 0,04 mol
B. 0,02 mol v 0,05 mol
C. 0,01 mol v 0,03 mol
D. 0,03 mol v 0,04 mol
2
= 0, 02 mol
100
TH1 : ch c kt ta n CO2 = n = 0, 02 mol
Gii: n = n CaCO3 =
Gii: n = n CaCO3 =
10
= 0,1 mol; n Ca(OH)2 = 0, 5.0,3 = 0,15 mol
100
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GV : Nguyn V Minh
7,5
= 0, 075 mol; n Ca(OH)2 = 0, 05.2 = 0,1 mol
100
TH1 : ch c kt ta n CO2 = n = 0, 075 mol V = 0, 075.22, 4 = 1, 68 lt
Gii: n = n CaCO3 =
n CO2 = 2.n Ca(OH)2 n = 2.0,1 0, 075 = 0,125 mol V = 0,125.22, 4 = 2,8 lt, Chn D
Cu 158 (H Khi A 2007): Hp th hon ton 2,688 lt CO2 (ktc) vo 2,5 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 nng a
mol/lt, thu c 15,76 gam kt ta. Gi tr a l :
A. 0,032
B. 0,048
C. 0,06
D. 0,04
2, 688
15, 76
= 0,12 mol; n BaCO3 =
= 0, 08 mol
22, 4
197
n CO2 + n BaCO3 0,12 + 0, 08
n BaCO3 nn n Ba(OH)2 =
=
= 0,1 mol ,
2
2
Gii: n CO2 =
Do n CO 2
0,1
= 0,04M , Chn D
2,5
Cu 159 : Cho 2,24 lt kh CO2(ktc) vo 20 lt dung dch Ca(OH)2, ta thu c 6 gam kt ta. Vy nng
mol/l ca dung dch Ca(OH)2l:
a=
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GV : Nguyn V Minh
A. 0,004M.
B. 0,002M.
2, 24
6
= 0,1 mol; n CaCO3 =
= 0, 06 mol
22, 4
100
n CO2 + n CaCO3 0,1 + 0, 06
n CaCO3 nn n Ca(OH)2 =
=
= 0, 08 mol ,
2
2
Gii: n CO2 =
Do n CO 2
0, 08
= 0,004M , chn A
20
Cu 160 : Dn V lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 200 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,1M thu c 1 gam kt ta. Vy V c gi
tr l :
A. 0,224 hoc 0,896
B. 0,366 hoc 0,672
C. 0,224 hoc 0,672
D. 0,896
[Ca(OH) 2 ] =
1
= 0, 01 mol; n Ca(OH)2 = 0, 02 mol
100
TH1 : ch c kt ta n CO2 = n = 0, 01 mol V = 0, 01.22, 4 = 0, 224 lt
Gii: n = n CaCO3 =
2,5
= 0, 025 mol; n Ca(OH)2 = 0, 2 mol
100
TH1 : ch c kt ta n CO2 = n = 0, 025 mol V = 0, 025.22, 4 = 0,56 lt
Gii: n = n CaCO3 =
n CO2 = 2.n Ca(OH)2 n = 2.0, 2 0, 025 = 0,375 mol V = 0,375.22, 4 = 8, 4 lt, Chn D
Cu 162 : Hp th hon ton V lt CO2 (ktc) vo 500 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M, thu c 59,1 gam kt ta.
Gi tr ca V l :
A. 6,72 hoc 11,2
B. 11,2 hoc 15,68
C. 15,68 hoc 8,96
D. 6,72 hoc 15,68
59,1
= 0,3 mol , n Ba(OH)2 = 0,5 mol
Gii: n BaCO3 =
197
TH1 : ch c kt ta n CO2 = n = 0,3 mol V = 0,3.22, 4 = 6, 72 lt
TH2 : c kt ta, sau kt ta tan 1 phn :
n CO2 = 2.n Ba(OH)2 n = 2.0,5 0,3 = 0, 7 mol V = 0, 7.22, 4 = 15, 68 lt, Chn D
Cu 163 : Cho 4,48 lt CO2 vo 2 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 thu c 2,955 gam kt ta. Hy tnh nng mol/lt
ca dung dch Ba(OH)2 :
A. 0,05375M
B. 0,07354M
C. 0,0875M
D. 0,00023M
4, 48
2,955
= 0, 2 mol; n BaCO3 =
= 0, 015 mol
Gii: n CO2 =
22, 4
197
n CO2 + n BaCO3
2
0, 2 + 0, 015
= 0,1075 mol
2
Cn tnh : n CO 2 ;
n OH ; n Ca 2+
CO 2 + OH HCO3
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GV : Nguyn V Minh
CO 2 + 2OH CO32 + H 2 O , lp t s f =
Ca 2+ + CO32 CaCO3
n OH
n CO2
Cu 164 (H Khi A 2008): Hp th hon ton 4,48 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 500 ml dung dch hn hp gm
NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,2M, sinh ra m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 11,82.
B. 19,70.
C. 9,85.
D. 17,73.
n NaOH = 0,05 mol; n Ba(OH)2 = n Ba 2+ = 0,1 mol; n OH = 0, 25 mol; n CO2 = 0, 2 mol
1< f =
n OH
n CO2
0, 25
= 1, 25 < 2
0, 2
CO 2 + OH HCO3
CO 2 + 2OH CO32 + H 2 O
y 2y y
Ba 2+ + CO32 BaCO3
x + y = 0, 2
x = 0,15
suy ra :
x + 2 y = 0, 25 y = 0, 05
0, 05 0, 05 0, 05
Khi lng kt ta l : m BaCO 3 = 0, 05.197 = 9, 85 gam, Chn C
Cu 165 (H Khi A 2009): Cho 0,448 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) hp th ht vo 100 ml dung dch cha hn hp
NaOH 0,06M v Ba(OH)2 0,12M, thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,182.
B. 2,364.
C. 3,940.
D. 1,970.
n NaOH = 0,006 mol; n Ba(OH)2 = n Ba 2+ = 0, 012 mol; n OH = 0, 03 mol; n CO2 = 0, 02 mol
1< f =
n OH
n CO2
CO 2 + 2OH CO32 + H 2 O
CO 2 + OH HCO3
0, 03
= 1,5 < 2
0, 02
y 2y
x + y = 0, 02
x = 0, 01
suy ra :
x + 2 y = 0, 03 y = 0, 01
Ba 2+ + CO32 BaCO3
0, 0 0, 01 0, 01
Khi lng kt ta l : m BaCO 3 = 0, 01.197 = 1, 97 gam, Chn D
Cu 166 : Hp th ht 0,35 mol CO2 vo dung dch cha ng thi 0,3 mol NaOH v 0,125 mol Ca(OH)2.
Tnh khi lng kt ta thu c ?
A. 15,4 gam
B. 12,5 gam
C, 12,6 gam
D. 12,7 gam
1< f =
n OH
n CO2
0,55
= 1,57 < 2
0,35
CO 2 + OH HCO3
CO 2 + 2OH CO32 + H 2 O
y 2y y
Ca 2+ + CO32 CaCO3
x + y = 0,35
x = 0,15
suy ra :
x + 2 y = 0,55 y = 0, 2
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Cng thc gii nhanh Ha V C
Cu 167 (H Khi A 2011): Hp th hon ton 0,672 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 1 lt dung dch gm NaOH
0,025M v Ca(OH)2 0,0125M, thu c x gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l
A. 2,00.
B. 0,75.
C. 1,00.
D. 1,25.
n CO2 = 0, 03 mol , n NaOH = 0, 025 mol
1< f =
n OH
n CO2
0, 05
= 1, 67 < 2
0, 03
CO 2 + OH HCO3
CO 2 + 2OH CO32 + H 2 O
x + y = 0, 03
x = 0, 01
suy ra :
x + 2 y = 0, 05 y = 0, 02
y 2y y
Ca 2+
+ CO32 CaCO3
1< f =
n OH
n SO2
0,5
= 1,17 < 2
0, 425
SO 2 + OH HSO3
SO 2 + 2OH SO32 + H 2 O
x + y = 0, 425 x = 0,35
suy ra :
x + 2 y = 0,5
y = 0, 075
y 2y y
Ca 2+
+ SO32 BaSO3
1< f =
n OH
n CO2
0,15
= 1,5 < 2
0,1
CO 2 + OH HCO3
CO 2 + 2OH CO32 + H 2 O
y 2y
x + y = 0,1
x = 0, 05
suy ra :
x + 2 y = 0,15 y = 0, 05
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GV : Nguyn V Minh
Ca
2+
+ CO
2
3
CaCO3
Al3+
+ 3OH
Al(OH)3
OH
Al(OH) 3
Al(OH) 4 ( AlO 2 + 2H 2 O)
Khi cho dung dch baz tc dng vi dung dch mui nhm ( cha ion Al3+ ) th ban u c kt ta
keo trng, sau kt ta s tan nu baz cn d.
Cng thc gii nhanh :
TH1 : ch c kt ta n OH
min
= 3n Al(OH)3
max
= 4n Al3+ n Al(OH)3
2+
2
Ch n trng hp Ba + SO 4 BaSO 4
Cch 2 : TH1 : ch c kt ta n O H
m in
= 3n Al(O H ) 3 = 3.0,1 = 0, 3 m ol
n OH
max
Cu 171 : Th tch dung dch NaOH 1M cc i cn cho vo dung dch cha 0,5 mol AlCl3 uc 31,2 gam
kt ta l bao nhiu ?
A. 1,6 lt
B. 1,2 lt
C. 1,8 lt
D. 2,4 lt
n Al(OH)3 = 0, 4 mol
l TH2 : c kt ta sau kt ta tan mt phn :
n OH
max
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GV : Nguyn V Minh
OH
max
Cu 173 : C 2 th nghim :
+ Cho dung dch cha a mol NaOH vo dung dch cha b mol AlCl3 thu c 15,6 gam kt ta
+ Cho dung dch cha 2a mol NaOH vo dung dch cha b mol AlCl3 thu c 23,4 gam kt ta
Gi tr a v b ln lt l :
A. 0,6 v 0,4
B. 0,4 v 0,6
C. 0,6 v 0,375
D. 0,5 v 0,6
Th nghim u l TH1 : NaOH khng , n = 0, 2 mol , a = 3.0, 2 = 0, 6
Th nghim sau l TH2 : NaOH d, n = 0,3 mol ,
n OH
max
Cu 174 : Cho 3,42 gam Al2(SO4)3 tc dng vi 25 ml dung dch NaOH to ra 0,78 gam kt ta. Nng
mol ca NaOH dng :
A. 1,2M hoc 2,8M
B. 0,4M hoc 1,6M
C. 1,6M hoc 2,8M
D. 0,4M hoc 1,2M
3, 42
n Al2 (SO4 ) 3 =
= 0, 01 mol n Al3+ = 0, 02 mol
342
n Al(OH)3 = 0, 01 mol
TH1 : ch c kt ta
n N aO H = n O H
min
= 3n Al(O H ) 3 = 3.0, 01 = 0, 03 m ol C M (N aO H ) =
0, 03
= 1, 2M
0, 025
n NaOH = n OH
max
0, 07
= 2, 8M
0, 025
Ta chn A
Cu 175 (H Khi A 2008) : Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 2M vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol Al2(SO4)3 v
0,1 mol H2SO4 n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca V thu c
lng kt ta trn l A. 0,35.
B. 0,45.
C. 0,25.
D. 0,05.
7,8
n Al(OH)3 =
= 0,1 mol; n Al2 (SO 4 )3 = 0,1 mol n Al3+ = 0, 2 mol
78
n H+ = 0, 2 mol
u tin H + + OH H 2 O c ngha l n O H = n H + = 0, 2 m ol
Tip n trng hp NaOH cc i (TH2)
n OH
Nn
OH
max
0, 9
= 0, 45 mol , chn B
2
Cu 176 (H Khi A 2007) : Nh t t cho n d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch AlCl3. Hin tng xy
ra l
A. ch c kt ta keo trng.
B. c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta tan.
C. khng c kt ta, c kh bay ln.
D. c kt ta keo trng v c kh bay ln.
Gii : Khi cho dung dch baz tc dng vi dung dch mui nhm (cha ion Al3+ ) th ban u c
kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta s tan nu baz cn d. Chn B
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Cng thc gii nhanh Ha V C
Cu 177 (H Khi B 2007) : Cho 200 ml dung dch AlCl3 1,5M tc dng vi V lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M,
lng kt ta thu c l 15,6 gam. Gi tr ln nht ca V l
A. 2.
B. 1,2.
C. 1,8.
D. 2,4.
15, 6
n AlCl3 = 1, 5.0, 2 = 0, 3 mol ; n Al(OH)3 =
= 0, 2 mol ; n Al3+ = 0, 3 mol
78
Gi tr ln nht ca V lng vi TH2 : n
=n
= 4n
n
= 4.0, 3 0, 2 = 1 mol
NaOH
OH max
Al3+
Al(OH) 3
V = 1 : 0,5 = 2 lt , chn A
Cu 178 (H Khi A 2007) : Trn dung dch cha a mol AlCl3 vi dung dch cha b mol NaOH. thu
c kt ta th cn c t l.
A. a : b > 1 : 4.
B. a : b < 1 : 4.
C. a : b = 1 : 4.
D. a : b = 1 : 5.
3+
Al
+ 3OH
Al(OH)3
Al(OH)3
OH
Al(OH) 4 ( AlO 2 + 2H 2 O)
4a
a 1
> , chn A
b 4
Cu 179 (C 2007) : Thm m gam K vo 300 ml dung dch cha Ba(OH)2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M thu c
dung dch X. Cho t t dung dch X vo 200 ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 0,1M thu c kt ta Y. thu c
lng kt ta Y ln nht th gi tr m l :
A. 1,59
B. 1,17
C. 1,71
D. 1,95
Ta ch phng trnh cui, cn c th thu c kt ta th p buc n OH < 4a b < 4a
1
K + H 2 O KOH + H 2
2
x
x
n Ba(OH) 2 = 0, 03 mol
n NaOH = 0, 03 mol n OH = x + 0, 09
n
KOH = n K = x
n OH
max
n Al3+ = n Al(OH)3
Chn B
Cu 180 : Khi cho 130 ml dung dch AlCl3 0,1M tc dng vi 20 ml dung dch NaOH th thu c 0,936 gam
kt ta. Nng mol/lt ca dung dch NaOH
A. 0,6M hoc 1,95M
B. 0,6M hoc 1,8M
C. 1,95M hoc 1,8M
D. 1,8M hoc 2M
0, 936
n Al3+ = n AlCl3 = 0,13.0,1 = 0, 013 mol; n Al(OH )3 =
= 0, 012 mol
78
TH1 : ch c kt ta n NaOH = n OH min = 3n Al(OH)3 = 3.0, 012 = 0, 036 mol
[NaOH] = 0,036 : 0,02 = 1,8M
TH2 : c kt ta sau kt ta tan mt phn :
n NaOH = n OH
max
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GV : Nguyn V Minh
1, 02
= 0, 01 mol
102
Bo ton nguyn t Al: n Al(OH)3 = 2.n Al2O3 = 0, 02 mol
n Al2O3 =
TH1 : ch c kt ta n OH
min
0, 06
= 0, 2 lt
0, 3
0, 3
= 1 lt, chn C
0, 3
Cu 182 : Cho V lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,4M vo dung dch cha 0,3 mol AlCl3. Kt thc phn ng thy
c 7,8 gam kt ta. Tnh gi tr V
A. 0,375 v 1,375
B. 0,5 v 1,5
C. 0,87 v 1,87
D. 0,2 v 1,2
7,8
n Al3+ = n AlCl3 = 0, 3 mol ; n Al(OH)3 =
= 0,1 mol; n OH = 0,8V
78
TH1 : ch c kt ta n OH min = 3n Al(OH)3 0, 8.V = 3.0,1 V = 0, 375 lt
TH2 : c kt ta sau kt ta tan mt phn :
n OH max = 4n Al3+ n Al(OH)3 0, 8V = 4.0, 3 0,1 V = 1, 375 lt, chn A
Cu 183 : Trn ln dung dch cha x mol KOH vi dung dch cha 0,035 mol Al2(SO4)3. Kt thc phn
ng thy c 0,06 mol kt ta. Gi tr x l :
A. 0,06 v 0,18
B. 0,06 v 0,22
C. 0,18 v 0,22
D. Kt qu khc
n Al3+ = 0, 035.2 = 0, 07 mol
n OH
max
min
Dng 17 : CHO AXIT TC DNG VI DUNG DCH CHA MUI ALUMINAT (AlO2 )
Phng trnh ion khi cho t t dung dch axit vo dung dch cha gc aluminat ::
AlO 2
+ H+ +
Al(OH) 3
H 2 O Al(OH) 3
3H +
Al3+ + 3H 2 O
Khi cho dung dch baz tc dng vi dung dch mui nhm ( Na[Al(OH)4] hay NaAlO2 ) th ban
u c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta s tan nu axit cn d.
Cng thc gii nhanh :
TH1 : ch c kt ta n H + = n Al(OH)3
TH2 : c kt ta sau kt ta tan mt phn : n H + = 4n AlO 3n Al(OH)3
2
Ch n trng hp Ba
2+
+ SO
2
4
BaSO 4
Cch 1 : C 2 kh nng :
TH1 : HCl dng thiu (kt ta cha t cc i)
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AlO
+ H +
H 2 O Al(OH)3
0,1
0,1
0,1 mol
TH2 : HCl dng d (kt ta t cc i ri tan 1 phn)
AlO 2
+ H+ +
H 2 O Al(OH) 3
0, 4
0,4
Al(OH)3
n H+
0,4
3H +
Al3+ + 3H 2 O
(0,4 0,1)
0,9 mol
= 0, 4 + 0,9 = 1,3 mol , chn A
Cch 2 :
Cu 185 : Cn cho nhiu nht bao nhiu lt dung dch HCl 1M vo dung dch cha 0,7 mol Na[Al(OH)4]
thu c 39 gam kt ta ?
A. 1,3 lt
B. 2,2 lt
C. 1,8 lt
D. 2,1 lt
39
= 0, 5 mol
n AlO = n Na[Al(OH )4 ] = 0, 7 mol; n Al(OH)3 =
2
78
Th tch dd HCl nhiu ng vi TH2 : n HCl = n H+ max = 4.n AlO 3.n = 4.0, 7 3.0,5 = 1,3 mol
2
c ngha l n
u tin phn ng +
=n
=n =x
H + OH H 2O
TH1 : n
= n Al(OH)3 = 0, 2 mol
H min
TH2 :
n H+
max
KOH
OH
H+
Vy n H+ = x + 0, 2 = 1 x = 0,8
Vy n H+ = x + 0, 6 = 1 x = 0, 4 , Chn B
Cu 187 : Trn ln dung dch cha 0,17 mol HCl vo dung dch cha a mol Ba(AlO2)2. Kt thc phn ng,
thu c 0,05 mol kt ta. Gi tr a l :
A. 0,025
B. 0,04
C. 0,08
D.0,015
n H + = 0,17 mol; n AlO = 2a; n Al(OH)3 = 0, 05 mol
2
n H+
max
Ta chn B
Dng 18 : MUI Zn2+ TC DNG VI DUNG DCH CHA ION OHKhi cho t t dung dch kim vo dung dch cha ion Zn2+ th c pt ion sau :
Zn 2+
+ 2OH Zn(OH)2
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GV : Nguyn V Minh
TH1 : ch c kt ta n
OH
min
= 2n Zn(OH) 2
max
= 4n Zn 2+ 2n Zn(OH) 2
Ch n trng hp Ba 2+ + SO 2 BaSO
4
4
0,1 0, 2
0,1
n OH = n NaOH = 0, 2 mol
Zn 2+
+ NaOH dng d ( tc kt ta t cc i ri tan bt 1 phn )
+ 2OH Zn(OH) 2
0,4
Zn(OH) 2
0,8
+
0,4
2OH ZnO22 + 2H 2 O
(0,4 0,1)
0,6
0,3
29, 7
= 0, 3 mol
99
V = 4.0, 4 2.0, 3 = 1
n OH
max
= 4n Zn 2+ 2n Zn(OH) 2
Ta chn A
Cu 190 : Cho V lt dung dch KOH 2M tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch ZnCl2 1M ta thu c mt kt
ta, em nung n khi lng khng i thu c 12,15 gam cht rn trng. Hy tnh V ?
A. 150 ml hoc 200 ml
B. 150 ml hoc 250 ml
C. 100 ml hoc 200 ml
D. 140 ml hoc 200 ml
12,15
n ZnO =
= 0,15 mol; n OH = 2V; n Zn 2+ = 0, 2 mol
81
Zn(OH) 2 ZnO + H 2 O
0,15 0,15 mol
TH1 : ch c kt ta n
= 2n Zn(OH)2 2V = 2.0,15
OH min
Suy ra V = 0,15 lt = 150 ml
TH2 : c kt ta sau kt ta tan mt phn :
n OH
max
ION
H+
2H +
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Zn 2+ + 2H 2 O
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n H+ = 2.n Zn(OH)2
Cu 191 : Cn bao nhiu mol HCl cho vo dung dch cha 0,4 mol Na2ZnO2 thu c 0,1 mol kt ta
A. 0,3 v 0,7
B. 0,4 v 0,6
C. 0,6 v 0,8
D. 0,2 v 1,4
u tin :
H+
OH H 2 O
0,02 0,02
lng kt ta ln nht ng vi TH2 : n H + = 4.n ZnO22 2.n Zn(OH)2 0,5V 0, 02 = 4.0,1 2.0,1
2
Suy ra V = 0,44 lt = 440 ml , chn D v ch : nZnO 2 = n
Dng 20 : TON THY LUYN KIM LOI Fe
Fe + dung dch Ag(NO3)3 Fe(NO3)2 + Ag
Fe 2+ 2H + Cu 2+ Fe3+ Ag +
,
,
,
,
Qui tc anpha :
Fe
H2
Cu
Fe 2 +
Ag
n Ag
Ta c t l : k =
n Fe
+
k 2 to mui Fe2+ v Fe d
2 < k < 3 to mui Fe 2+ v Fe3+
k 3 to mui Fe3+ v
Ag + d
Fe + 2Ag + Fe 2+ + 2Ag
Fe + 3Ag + Fe3+ + 3Ag
nFe = x + y
nAg + = 2 x + 3 y
Ta c h :
Cu 193 : Cho 4,2 gam bt Fe vo 360 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,5M lc u cho phn ng hon ton. Tnh s
mol mi cht tan thu c sau phn ng
A. Fe(NO3)2 : 0,045 mol v Fe(NO3)3 : 0,03 mol
B. Fe(NO3)2 : 0,04 mol v Fe(NO3)3 : 0,035 mol
C. Fe(NO3)2 : 0,055 mol v Fe(NO3)3 : 0,037 mol
D. Fe(NO3)2 : 0,065 mol v Fe(NO3)3 : 0,085 mol
0,18
= 2, 4 < 3
n Fe 0, 075
Sn phm to ra 2 mui
2<k=
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+
2+
Fe + 2Ag Fe + 2Ag
x
2x
x
nFe = x + y = 0, 075
Ta
c
h
:
n = 2 x + 3 y = 0,18 x = 0, 045; y = 0, 03 Ta chn A
Fe + 3Ag + Fe3+ + 3Ag
Ag +
y
3y
Cu 194 : Cho Fe tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d, sau phn ng thu c dung dch X v kt ta Y. Trong
dung dch X c cha :
A. Fe(NO3)2 v AgNO3
B. Fe(NO3)3 v AgNO3
D. Fe(NO3)3
C. Fe(NO3)2 , Fe(NO3)3 v AgNO3
3+
n Ag+
n Fe
0, 45
= 2, 25 < 3
0, 2
Sn phm to ra 2 mui
Fe + 2Ag + Fe 2+ + 2Ag
x
2x
x
2x
Fe + 3Ag + Fe3+ + 3Ag
y 3y
y
3y
nFe = x + y = 0, 2
x = 0,15; y = 0, 05
Ta c h :
n Ag + = 2 x + 3 y = 0, 45
mAg = 108.(2x + 3y) = 108.0,45 = 48,6 Ta chn C
Cu 198 : Ha tan ht 5,6 gam Fe trong dung dch AgNO3 thu c mt loi mui st. Khi lng mui s
bng ?
A.18 gam hoc 15,6 gam
B. 12 gam hoc 15 gam
C. 24,2 gam hoc 18 gam
D. 24,4 gam hoc 16 gam
Gii : V ch thu 1 loi mui nn c 2 kh nng :
Kh nng 1 : to Fe(NO3)3 vi n Fe(NO3 )3 = n Fe = 0,1 mol n Fe(NO3 )3 = 0,1.242 = 24, 2 gam
Kh nng 2 : to Fe(NO3)2 vi n Fe(NO3 )2 = n Fe = 0,1 mol n Fe(NO3 )2 = 0,1.180 = 18 gam
Ta chn C
Cu 199 : Ha tan ht 5,6 gam bt Fe vo 220 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M, lc u n khi phn ng kt thc
thu c m gam mui st khan c khi lng l :
A. 18,56 gam
B. 19,24 gam
C. 18,42 gam
D. 22,14 gam
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n Ag+
n Fe
0, 22
= 2, 2 < 3
0,1
Sn phm to ra 2 mui
Fe + 2Ag + Fe 2+ + 2Ag
x
2x
x
2x
Fe + 3Ag + Fe3+ + 3Ag
y 3y
y
3y
nFe = x + y = 0,1
x = 0, 08; y = 0, 02
Ta c h :
n Ag + = 2 x + 3 y = 0, 22
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