5W1H - phng php t duy kh hiu qu!

Khi bt tay vo mt cng vic bt k, hoc n gin nht l vit mt bi vit trn DNG Forum, hn chng ta s chun b cho mnh mt ni dung. Tuy nhin, nu khng c t duy logic th chc chn s lm bi vit "vn vu vp vp", khng bit "i u v u". khc phc iu ny, chng ta c th s dng phng php "phn chng", bng cch, t cc cu hi!?? Mt phng php khng mi, nhng chng bao gi c (nhn xt c nhn ca BNN) - l "Phng php t duy 5W1H". Phng php ny tp trung vo cc cu hi: What? (Ci g?) Where? ( u?) When? (Khi no?) Why? (Ti sao?) Who? (Ai?) How? (Nh th no?) (5W = what + who + where + why + who; 1H = How) Nh vy, khi trnh by mt bi vit, ln hn l mt ti, ln hn na l mt d n, chng ta s ln lt gii quyt cc vn /cu hi nh sau: WHAT? (Ci g?) - Ci l g? - Vn l g? - N cp n vn g? - DNG Forum ni v ci g? - Chng ta vit g gi ln DNG Forum? - Vit xong bi vit ny, bi g s gi tip theo? (What else) ... WHERE? ( u?) - S kin xy ra u? - Vn thuc lnh vc no? - Sng tc nh ln 3 ca CLB Nhip nh DNG s u? - Gi bi vit vo mc no ca DNG Forum? ... WHEN? (Khi no?) - S kin ny xy ra khi no? - Khi no ht bo s 9? - Khi no DNG Forum sng tc nh ln 3 - Gi bi ln DNG Forum lc no s c nhiu ngi xem nht? ... WHY? (Ti sao?)

- Ti sao s kin ny xy ra? - Ti sao phi nghin cu vn ny? - Ti sao li thch vo DNG Forum mi ngy? - Ti sao li thnh lp CLB k ton DNG? ... WHO? (Ai?) - Ai chng kin s vic ? - Ai lm iu ? - Ai vit bi ny? - Ai t chc offline DNG Forum ti HCM? ... HOW? (Nh th no?) - S kin xy ra nh th no? - Cng vic s nh th no? - DNG Forum t chc offline ln 2 vo lc no? - t offline ht bao nhiu kinh ph? (How much) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5W-1H-2C-5M:phng cch nh hng cng vic hon ho nh hng ni dung cho mt cng vic (5W 1H 2C 5M) - Xc nh mc tiu, yu cu cng vic 1W (why) - Xc nh ni dung cng vic 1W (what) - Xc nh 3W: where, when, who - Xc nh cch thc thc hin 1H (how) - Xc nh phng php kim sot 1C (control) - Xc nh phng php kim tra 1C (check) - Xc nh ngun lc thc hin 5M 1 Xc nh mc tiu yu cu (Why) Khi phi lm mt cng vic, iu u tin m bn phi quan tm l: - Ti sao bn phi lm cng vic ny? - N c ngha nh th no vi t chc, b phn ca bn? - Hu qu nu bn khng thc hin chng? Why (ti sao?) l 1W trong 5W. Khi bn thc hin mt cng vic th iu u tin bn nn xem xt chnh l why vi ni dung nh trn. Xc nh c yu cu, mc tiu gip bn lun hng trng tm cc cng vic vo mc

tiu v nh gi hiu qu cui cng. 2 Xc nh ni dung cng vic (What?) 1W = what? Ni dung cng vic l gi? Hy ch ra cc bc thc hin cng vic c giao. Bn hy chc rng, bc sau l khch hng ca bc cng vic trc. 3 Xc nh 3W Where: u, c th bao gm cc cu hi sau: - Cng vic thc hin ti u? - Giao hng ti a im no? - Kim tra ti b phn no? - Testing nhng cng on no? When: Cng vic thc hin khi no, khi no th giao, khi no kt thc - xc nh c thi hn phi lm cng vic, bn cn xc nh c mc khn cp v mc quan trng ca tng cng vic. - C 4 loi cng vic khc nhau: + Cng vic quan trng v khn cp, + Cng vic khng quan trng nhng khn cp, + Cng vic quan trng nhng khng khn cp, + Cng vic khng quan trng v khng khn cp. Bn phi thc hin cng vic quan trng v khn cp trc. Who: Ai, bao gm cc kha cnh sau: - Ai lm vic - Ai kim tra - Ai h tr. - Ai chu trch nhim 4 Xc nh phng php 1h H l how, ngha l nh th no? N bao gm cc ni dung: - Ti liu hng dn thc hin l g (cch thc thc hin tng cng vic)? - Tiu chun l g? - Nu c my mc th cch thc vn hnh nh th no? 5 Xc nh phng php kim sot (Control)

Cch thc kim sot (control) s lin quan n: - Cng vic c c tnh g? - Lm th no o lng c tnh ? - o lng bng dng c, my mc nh th no? - C bao nhiu im kim sot v im kim sot trng yu (Xem chi tit qua ti liu v MBP phng php qun l theo qu trnh) 6 Xc nh phng php kim tra (check) Phng php kim tra (check) lin quan n cc ni dung sau: - C nhng bc cng vic no cn phi kim tra. Thng thng th c bao nhiu cng vic th cng cn s lng tng t cc bc phi kim tra. - Tn sut kim tra nh th no? Vic kim tra thc hin 1 ln hay thng xuyn (nu vy th bao lu mt ln?). - Ai tin hnh kim tra? - Nhng im kim tra no l trng yu? - Trong DN khng th c y cc ngun lc tin hnh kim tra ht tt c cc cng on, do vy chng ta ch tin hnh kim tra nhng im trng yu (quan trng nht). - im kim tra trng yu tun theo nguyn tc Pareto (20/80), tc l nhng im kim tra ny ch chim 20 % s lng nhng chim n 80 % khi lng sai st. 7 Xc nh ngun lc (5M) Nhiu k hoch thng ch ch trng n cng vic m li khng ch trng n cc ngun lc, m ch c ngun lc mi m bo cho k hoch c kh thi. Ngun lc bao gm cc yu t: - Man = ngun nhn lc. - Money = Tin bc. - Material = nguyn vt liu/h thng cung ng. - Machine = my mc/cng ngh. - Method = phng php lm vic. a. Man, bao gm cc ni dung: - Nhng ai s thc hin cng vic, h c trnh , kinh nghim, k nng, phm cht, tnh cch ph hp? - Ai h tr? - Ai kim tra? - Nu cn ngun phng nga th c ngun lc con ngi h tr khng? b. Material = nguyn vt liu/h thng cung ng, bao gm cc yu t:

- Xc nh tiu chun NVL. - Tiu chun nh cung ng. - Xc nh phng thc cung cp dch v - Thi hn hon tt cng vic. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Phng php t duy 5W1H bt u nghin cu, hc hi hoc vit v mt vn no , chng ta thng lng tng v khng bit phi bt u nh th no, tin hnh ra lm sao, ti sao chng ta phi lm iu ny, n c ch li g hay khng, ? 5W1H vit tt t cc t sau: What? (Ci g?) Where? ( u?) When? (Khi no?) Why? (Ti sao?) How? (Nh th no?) Who? (Ai?) trnh by mt tng, tm tt mt s kin, mt cun sch hoc bt u nghin cu mt vn , chng ta hy t t cho mnh nhng cu hi sau: WHAT? (Ci g?) - Ci l g? - N cp n vn g? - K tip s kin ny, th ci g khc xy ra? (What else) - Cun sch ny trnh by vn g? - Bi hc ny trnh by vn g? - E-learning l g?

- Nhng cu hi ph ca vn ny l g?... WHERE ( u?) - Vn trnh by nm trong lnh vc no? - S kin lch s ny xy ra a im no? - Vn ny cn lin quan n cc lnh vc no khc? - Loi tho dc ny thng c trng u? - Bi bo ny ng trn tp ch no? - Tm hiu kin thc v vic ng dng ICT trong dy hc u? - Bi thuyt trnh ny s c trnh by trong nhm hay trc lp?... WHEN (Khi no?) - S kin ny xy ra khi no? - Vn ny, trc y c ai nghin cu cha, khi no? - Khi nim ny bt u xut hin khi no? - Khi no th cn ng dng ICT trong bi dy? - Khi no th mnh s trnh by bi thuyt trnh ny? - Cc bc nghin cu ( ti tt nghip, lun vn, tiu lun, ) s c thc hin theo thi gian no, hoc phi kt thc tng bc khi no?... WHY (Ti sao?) - Ti sao phi nghin cu vn ny? - Ti sao tc gi cun sch li la chn cch sp xp nh th ny? - Ti sao th nghim ny khng din ra ng nh d kin? (Why not) - Ti sao gio vin truy cp nhiu vo website giaovien.net?

- Ti sao cuc khi ngha ny n ra? Ti sao n tht bi? - Ti sao hi nh mnh hc trong trng thuc loi kh gii m by gi vn lun cht vt v kinh t?... HOW (Nh th no?) - Chic my ny hot ng nh th no? - Cng vic ny nn bt u nh th no? - D n ny s tiu tn bao nhiu? (How much) - Cc s kin v nhn vt trong cun tiu thuyt ny c kt ni nh th no? - S kin lch s ny lm i phng thit hi bao nhiu qun trang, v kh v ngi? (How many) - Phong cch ca bi bo sp ti nn nh th no? WHO (Ai?) - Ai nghin cu vn ny? - Ai ph trch d n ny? - Bi trnh by sp ti dnh cho i tng no? - Khi mnh gp kh khn trong ng dng ICT, mnh s hi ai? - Ai s hng li khi d n ny c tin hnh? Cn ai khc khng? (Who else) - Ai l tc gi ca cun sch ang lm d lun xn xao? - Chnh sch ny ca nh nc hng n i tng no? Cng c 5W1H thot nhn rt n gin nhng li t ra rt hiu qu nu chng ta s dng n ng n, kho lo v thng minh. V d v vic s dng cng c 5W1H trong thc tin:

Tc gi T.T.H mt ngi lm vic cho CENTEA cho bit s dng cng c 5W1H thc hin bi vit th v Hc cch T duy tch cc. Sau y l cc phn tch ca anh ta vi cng c 5W1H thc hin bi vit th v v hu ch trn: WHAT: Bi vit s cp n vn g? - Bi vit cp n k nng t duy tch cc, nu ln c mt phc tho s lc: T duy tch cc l g? -> S ra i ca phn 1 ca bi vit: T duy tch cc l g? WHERE: Bi vit s c ng ti u? Ti liu tm t u? - Bi vit s c ng ti trn website kenhsinhvien.net. Ti liu c tm kim trn mng thng tin Internet (phn Ngun tham kho cui bi vit) WHEN: Khi no bi vit c ng? - Sau khi bi vit c kim tra cc li chnh t bi CENTEA v duyt ton b ni dung bi. WHY: Ti sao phi thc hin bi vit ny? Ti sao phi t duy tch cc? - V mong mun cung cp n cng ng gio vin nhng kin thc v cc k nng sng, m t duy tch cc l mt trong nhng k nng c vai tr quan trng trong vic phng trnh v gim stress, cn bng cng vic v cuc sng, pht trin sc mnh tinh thn. - tr li cu hi Ti sao phi t duy tch cc?, bi vit cn a ra cc yu t thuyt phc ngi c v li ch ca t duy tch cc thuyt phc h v tm quan trng ca k nng ny. -> S ra i ca phn 2 ca bi vit: Ti sao phi t duy tch cc?

HOW: Bi vit cn c thc hin nh th no? Mun t duy tch cc th phi lm sao? - V i tng nhm n ca bi vit l nhng ngi khng bit hoc bit nhng cha nm c th v r rng n l g? Do , bi vit cn c thc hin vi mt vn phong li cun

nhng d hiu, n gin v r rng. ng thi, cc v d a ra phi t nhiu dnh dng n gio vin.

- tr li cu hi Mun t duy tch cc th phi lm sao? th cn a ra c cc phng php thc hnh, cc li khuyn tham kho. -> S ra i ca phn 3 ca bi vit: Lm th no t duy tch cc?

WHO: i tng ca bi vit l ai? Ai vit bi ny? Ai kim tra v duyt ni dung? - i tng ca bi vit l cc Thy C v cc bn mun tm hiu v k nng T duy tch cc. C th h cha bit hoc c nghe qua cm t T duy tch cc nhng khng nm ht cc vn , k thut lin quan. - Ngi vit bi: chnh l tui y. - Ai duyt bi? Ban qun tr ca CENTEA.

Bn trn l nhng phc tho ca tc gi T.T.H thc hin bi vit Hc cch T duy tch cc. Chng ta thy rng, vic s dng cng c ny tht n gin nhng rt hiu qu.

Cng c 5W1H cn c th c s dng hiu qu trong nhiu trng hp khc nh: thuyt trnh, nghin cu khoa hc, tm tt mt cun sch, ghi nh mt s kin,5W1H cng c th s dng chung vi Bn t duy gii quyt nhiu vn khc nhau trong ging dy, hc tp, kinh doanh, m phn,

Mt cht thng tin v ngun gc ca 5W1H

Khi nim 5W1H c cho l c ngun gc t bi th The Elephant's Child ca Rudyard Kipling. Bi th ny nh sau:

I have six honest serving-men

They taught me all I knew Their names are What and Where and When And How and Why and Who.

Tm dch:

Ti c 6 ngi y t trai trung thc H dy cho ti bit mi th Tn ca h l What v Where v When V How v Why v Who.