Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Nn em chon ty l cac loai bia trong san xut la bia chai / bia hi bng 50% / 50% va ty l
nguyn liu thay th la 30%.
Sn phm bia sn xut ra phi m bo t c cc tiu chun sau:
* Cc ch tiu cm quan:
- bt: Khi rt bia ra cc, bia phi c bt trng mn, t y cc lun c cc bt
kh li ti ni dn ln b mt. Chiu cao lp bt > 2cm, thi gian gi bt 5 15 pht.
- Mi v v: Bia phi c ng c trng v hng thm du nh ca hoa
houblon, khng qu nht, khng c mi v l.
- Mu sc v trong: Bia phi c mu vng rm sng ng nh, trong sut,
khng c c cn hay vn c.
* Cc ch tiu ho hc :
- cn: 4,5 0,2
- Hm lng ng st: 1 2%
- Hm lng CO2: 4,5 5 g/l
- Hm lng diacetyl: 0,2 mg/l
- Aldehyt: 10 15 mg/l
II.2.Giao thng
Khu cng nghip Sng Cng II nm sat ng cao tc Ha Ni Thai Nguyn, Quc l 3,
cach trung tm Ha Ni 75km, cach cang Hai Phong 200km nn rt thun li cho vic vn
chuyn nguyn liu, nhin liu cung nh phn phi va tiu thu san phm. Vi vy vic tiu
thu bia khng chi trong goi gon trong tai ch ma con co th m rng n cac khu vc ln
cn.
Ngun nguyn liu chinh la malt vang c nhp t cac nc Phap, Uc, Trung Quc thng
qua cac cng ty nhp khu malt. Hoa houblon c nhp thng n thng nha may qua
cang bin di dang ch phm thng mai : hoa vin, hoa cao thng t cac nc nh
Tip hoc c. Nguyn liu thay th c thu mua t cac tinh ln cn.
I.Nguyn liu
I.1.Malt
Nh my s dng ba loi malt: malt Php, malt c va malt Trung Quc
Tiu chun ca Malt :
Ch tiu cm quan:
V mu sc: mu vng sng
Mi: thm t nhin, c trng ca Malt
V: ngt du nh
Tp cht: 0,5% ht gy, v ( sch) 1% tp cht khc
Malt khng mc, mi mt.
Ch tiu vt l:
Khi lng tuyt i: L lng ca 1000 ht (khong > 36g/1000 ht)
Ch tiu ha hc:
m 6.5%
ha tan 73.5%
Saccaroza = 5% cht kh
ng kh = 4% cht kh
Xenlulo = 6% cht kh
Hin nh my s dng hai loi nguyn liu thay th l go v ng. Ty tng loi bia
m s dng t l nguyn liu thay th khc nhau.
Go
Tiu chun ca go
Hm lng cht ha tan tng i 79%.
m 15%.
T l tm to: t gy ht n khng lt sng c 1.25mm 40%.
T l tm nh lt qua sng c 1.25mm 0.3%.
Go khng mc, khng vn cc, khng c mi mt.
ng
ng s dng trong nh my l ng Saccaroza
Tiu chun ca ng:
m 0.3%.
Cm quan: ng trng, khng t.
Bao b: nguyn vn, khi lng tnh 50 0.5kg.
I.3.Hoa houblon
Nh my s dng ba loi hoa l hoa vin, cao hoa v hoa thm
Tiu chun ca hoa
Bao b nguyn vn
Hm lng - axit ng:
-
I.4.Nc
Nc l mt trong cc nguyn liu quan trng trong cng ngh sn xut bia. Thnh
phn ho hc v cht lng ca nc nh hng trc tip n ton b k thut sn xut v
nh hng rt ln ti cht lng bia thnh phm. Hin nh my vn ang s dng ngun
nc c khai thc t 4 ging nc trong nh my, qua cc qu trnh x l m bo cc
ch tiu sau.
Tn ch tiu
n v
Nc
Mu
Khng mu
Mi
Khng mi
trong
EBC
pH
< 0.5
6.5 7.5
Kim tng
ppm CaCO3
20 - 80
cng chung
0GH
3 8
Ca2+
ppm
10 50
Mg2+
ppm
< 20
Fe
ppm
0.05
Mn
ppm
0.05
Cl+
ppm
Cl2
ppm
Vi sinh vt
-
Coliform
s khun
lc/ml
1000
s vi
50
khun/ml
-
Tng s t bo t nm men
nm mc
s khm
nm/ml
100
E. Coli
s vi
khun/ml
s khun
lc/ml
I.5.Nm men
Nha may s dung chung nm men: Saccharomyces carlbergensis
L nm men chm thch nghi vi iu kin sinh trng v pht trin nhit thp hn.
Chng phn b ch yu tng su ca dch ng trong thit b ln men. Trong qu trnh
ln men chng c thin hng chm su v kt lng xung y thng. Khi qu trnh ln
men chnh kt thc th phn ln lng sinh khi b kt lng. nhit 0oC, nm men
chm vn c kh nng ln men, trong khi ch cn nhit thp hn 10oC mt cht, loi
nm men ni tr thnh v hot.
* Mc ch:
Mc ch ca nghin malt l p nh ht thnh nhiu mnh tng b mt tip xc
vi nc, lm cho s xm nhp ca nc vo cc thnh phn cht ca ni nh nhanh hn,
thc y qu trnh ng ha v cc qu trnh thy phn khc nhanh v trit hn. Gi
c lp vo tru lam lp loc cho cng oan sau.
*Phng php nghin malt: Nghin kh, nghin m, v nghin t.
+ Nghin kh: Malt t yu cu sau khi cn c a my nghin v nghin trong
trng thi kh.
- u im: C th nghin mn c khi hn.
Ko di thi gian s dng (Nghin trc khi nu lu c).
Thit b n gin, d vn hnh.
- Nhc im: Khng bo ton v tru c, khi nghin c nhiu bi bay ra ngoi
nhiu. nh hng n qu trnh lc v cht lng ca bia.
+ Nghin t: Malt c nghin vi nc theo t l phi trn nht nh
- u im: Nghin t lm vo tru c bao toan nn rng ca khi b tng nn
lm rt ngn c thi gian lc b khong 10-20% .
- Nhc im: i hi k thut tt, nguyn tc nghin phc tp, hoat lc enzim va
hoat lc sinh hoc khng c kim soat trong thung ngm.
Chi ph u t thit b ln,nghin khng tt nhng loi malt cha nhuyn.
Trong phng phap nghin t co hai phng phap la nghin t khng ngm va
nghin t co ngm.
+ Nghin m: Malt t yu cu c phun m bng nc m trc khi i vo my
nghin. Phun m bng nc m trong 5- 10 pht v tru c lm m khong
20%. Mc ch ca vic phun m: lm cho v m bo ton trng thi sau nghin,
lm trng n cc ht si keo ca ni nh.Phng php nghin m khc phc c
nhc im ca hai phng php trn: v tru c bo ton, nghin c malt c
nhuyn thp,t bi,chi ph my mc khng ln. C th p dng cho mi phn
u im:
Ch cng ngh n gin, d c gii ha v t ng ha.
Chi ph vn u t thit b t.
Thi gian thc hin qu trnh ngn.
Nhc im:
Qua trinh ng hoa cha trit .
u im:
Nhc im:
Vn u t thit b ln.
Thi gian ng ha mt m ko di v nng lng tiu hao ln.
So sanh hai phng phap em chon phng phap ngm chit cho cng oan ng hoa cua
nha may.
II.Loc
* Mc ch.
Muc ich cua qua trinh loc la tach dich ng hay dich hem vi vo va nhng phn ni nhu
khng tan. Ngoai ra ngi ta mong mun loai bo cac cht khng mong mun nh kim loai
nng, tanin, lipit
* Cc phng php tin hnh lc dch ng: Co 3 phng phap thng c s
dung.
+Phng phap s dung may loc ep kiu khung ban:
-
u im :
Thi gian loc nhanh.
Hiu sut thu hi cht hoa tan cao.
Dich ng trong hn.
Lng nc ra ba it, chim din tich nho.
Nng sut n inh khng phu thuc vao nhuyn cua malt.
- Nhc im :
Dung nhiu lao ng thu cng cho thao, lp may, thao ba, ra va v sinh thit bi.
D bi oxy hoa khi thao dich loc.
Lng dich ng phai u ln, phu thuc vao mc nghin cang min cng tt.
+Phng phap s dung thung loc ay bng:
- u im:
Co kha nng t ng hoa cao.
Dung tich lam vic ln.
Dich loc khng bi oxy hoa bi khng khi.
Phu hp vi moi nha may.
- Nhc im:
Thi gian loc keo dai.
Tn nhiu din tich.
+Phng phap s dung may loc khung ban th h mi
- u im:
Thi gian loc nhanh, hiu sut s dung cao.
Dich loc trong.
- Nhc im:
Nng sut ln nn kho s dung cho cac nha may nho.
Chi phi u t cao.
Xem xet cac u nhc im cua cac phng phap trn thi nha may se s dung phng
phap thung loc ay bng la phu hp nht.
II.Ln men
* Mc ch:
Chuyn ho cc cht ho tan trong dch ln men thnh ru etylic, CO2 v mt s sn phm
ph khc ru bc cao, glyceril, acid hu c, ester, aldehyd, diacetyl, nh s pht trin
ca nm men.
Trong giai on ny, qu trnh quan trng nht l qu trnh chuyn ho ng thnh
ru. Tuy nhin y li khng phi l sn phm quyt nh cht lng ca bia m li l
nhng sn phm c hm lng t nhng mang nhng tnh cht rt c trng nh cc cht
to mu, mi, v, bn... cho bia. Cht lng ca bia ph thuc rt nhiu vo hm lng
ca cc cht ny v t l gia chng. V vy mc ch bn cht ca qu trnh ln men l
iu khin hot ng sng ca nm men theo hng c li cho vic hnh thnh mt sn
phm bia nh mong mun.
* Cc phng php ln men:
+ Ln men theo phng php c in :
c im chnh l hai qu trnh ln men chnh v ln men ph c tin hnh
trong cc thit b ring bit.
u im : Nhit ln men thp 6 9C nn thi gian ln men ko di, sn phm
thu c c hng v m .
Nhc im : Tn din tch mt bng, tn thit b, thi gian ln men di, nng sut
gim, h thng lm lnh ln, do vy tn chi ph u t. Vic vn chuyn dch t khu ln
men chnh sang khu ln men ph gy tn tht.
+ Ln men gia tc (ln men hin i) :
- u im :
B mt loc ln.
- Nhc im :
Cn nhiu thi gian v sinh.
Phai thay th tm theo chu ky.
Gia thanh tm cao.
Dich chay nhiu, phn b khng u.
Phai thao khung ban khi cn giam ap sut.
+May loc ia:
- u im:
Bia loc bng thit bi nay co th at ti trong tinh th.
- Nhc im :
Chu trinh loc ngn, v sinh kho khn, lun phai b sung vt liu loc.
- u im:
B mt loc tng dn do s bi p lin tuc bt tr loc.
Cac b phn loc khng di chuyn.
Ban mt loc khng phai thay th inh ky.
D dang t ng hoa.
Go
Malt
Hoa
houblon
- Nhc im:
Nghin
m
Suc
khi
HR
t nhay cam vi s tng ap
sung
t ho
t ngt.
ho
Chu trinh loc ngn.
CO2 thu hi
Lc
X ly
Lng xoy
cn
Qua so sanh em chon s dung thit bi loc khung ban co s dung bt tr loc diatomit lam
Lm lnh nhanh
trong bia.
Nhn ging
Hot ho
Ln men chnh
Ln men ph
Lc trong
Bo ha CO2
CO2 tinh
khit
Chai
IV.1.1.Nghi
n malt.
Bock
Chit chai,
dp np
*Nguyn tc nghin:
Ra, kh
trng
Chi
t bock
Bo m yu
cu
thu nhn c nhiu cht ha tan nht nhng th tch bt nghin
v vo malt cng t gi tr cao nht trong iu kin c th t c. V malt phi cng ln
Thanh trng
Dn nhn
Ra bock
Xut xng
IV.2.H hoa.
*Mc ch:
Chuyn tinh bt cua nguyn liu thay th la gao t dang khng tan thanh dang hoa tan. Tao
cac phan ng thuy phn tinh bt, protein...trong gao.
* Cch tin hnh :
Ty l bt gao / nc la 1/5.
Trc khi nhp liu bt gao, cho mt phn nc va lng malt lot ( bng 5% lng gao
), enzim Termamyl ( bng 0,1% lng gao ). Bt gao c phi trn vi nc 45oC trong
thit bi phi trn ri c chuyn xung ni h hoa. iu chinh pH cua dich xung 5,6
5,8 bng axit latic. Nng nhit ln 52oC cac enzym proteaza trong malt thuy phn
cac protein trong gao va gi nhit nay trong 10 phut. Sau o nng ln nhit ln 72oC
nhm enzym -amilaza trong malt hot ng phn ct cc hp cht cao phn t trong
go thnh cc hp cht thp phn t d ha tan vo nc. Gi nhit nay trong 30 phut.
Tip tuc nng nhit ln 86oC y la nhit ti thich h hoa tinh bt, gi nhit nay
trong 30 phut. Sau o tng nhit ln 100oC va gi nhit nay trong 60 phut.
IV.3.ng hoa.
* Cch tin hnh :
Ty l bt malt / nc la 1/4.
Bt malt c phi trn vi nc 40oC qua thit bi phi trn phia trn ni ri c
chuyn xung ni ng hoa. Gi nhit nay 15 phut bt malt hoa tan tt vao nc.
iu chnh pH ca dch ng trong khong 5,5 5,6 bng axit lactic, ngoi ra b sung
CaCl2 bo ton hot lc ca cc enzyme.
Sau o chuyn mt phn dich t ni h hoa sang ( theo tinh toan khoang 60 % ) nhm
a nhit ni ng hoa ln 52oC y la nhit ti u cho cac enzim proteaza. H
enzim ny hot ng mnh m v to ra nhiu sn phm ca protit phn t thp, peptit,
aminoaxit. Chng chnh l ngun thc n quan trng cho nu men, to mi v, to v gi
bt kh cho bia. Gi nhit nay trong 30 phut. Bm toan b dich chao con lai sang ni
ng hoa va gia nhit tng nhit ni ln 65oC. y l khong nhit v pH ti u
enzyme amilaza trong malt hot ng phn ct tinh bt thnh cc loi ng kh.
Gi trong 30 pht.
Nng nhit ln 720C, gi trong 30 pht enzyme amilaza trong malt hot ng
s phn ct tinh bt thnh cc phn t dextrin khc nhau. Cc dextrin bc cao s chuyn
thnh cc dextrin bc thp ng thi to ra mt lng ng maltoza v glucoza.
Duy tr cho n khi dch ng ho khng lm mt mu ca it th ngng cp hi.
Kt thc qu trnh ng ha nng nhit ln 78oC v tin hnh bm dch ng sang
my lc lc dch ng.
ui khi : Trc tin phai v sinh thit bi sach se. ong cac van thao ba, cac voi ly
dich ng. S dung nc nong 78 80oC bm vao phia di ay gia n khi ngm
ay gia ui khi ra ngoai va lam nong thung loc.
Bm dich hem : Bm dich hem t phia di ln qua van mt chiu, canh khuy
hoat ng dan u ba.
D lng ba : Sau khi bm dich hem vao thung lng lng 30 phut. Trong thi gian
lng ba hinh thanh 3 lp loc :
Hi lu dich loc uc : Luc u dich con uc se c tun hoan tr lai. Thi gian nay
mt khoang 10 15 phut.
Thu dich u : Khi dich loc trong thi bt u tin hanh thu dich loc. n khi lp
nc dich cach lp ba 1cm thi dng. Thi gian tach dich u mt khoang 1,5 2
gi.
Trc khi lm lnh nhanh thit b c v sinh sch s. Tc nhn lm lnh l nc.
Khi lm lnh s trao i nhit gin tip qua cc tm bn. Nhit dch ng vo my
lnh nhanh khong 90oC, nhit dich ra la 12oC.
Sau khi lm lnh xong dch c b sung khong 6 mg/l O2 v trng (kh nn qua b kh
trng bng tia UV) v a sang tank ln men. Lng khng kh cung cp m bo
cho nm men to sinh khi ban u, nu lng khng kh qu nhiu s dn ti trng hp
nm men s s dng nhiu ng to lng sinh khi khng cn thit, v vy s lm
gim hiu sut ln men. Nu thiu khng kh cng khng tt, v nm men s khng to
lng t bo cn thit cho qu trnh ln men, nm men s chng gi, xy ra hin tng .
IV.8.Ln men
IV.8.1.Ln men chinh
* Mc ch :
Chuyn ha cc cht ha tan trong dch ng thnh ru etylic, CO2 v mt s
sn phm ph khc nh s pht trin ca nm men. Sn phm ca qu trnh ln men chnh
l bia non. Bia non c v c hng v c trng tuy nhin lng diacetyl cn cao.
*Cch tin hnh.
Trc khi i vo ln men chnh th cc tank ln men u c ty ra theo mt quy
trnh ring nhm loi b cc cn bn v vi sinh vt ra khi thit b. Sau ta m van cp
lnh cp nhit cho tank a v nhit cy nm men la 12 oC, ri tin hnh bm dch
vo tank. Men c bm ng thi vi dich tao s ng u. giai on u th lng
CO2 thot ra t v t bo nm men tp trung vo qu trnh sinh trng tng sinh khi t
bo, n ngy th ba tr i th mt t bo nm men cao, khi hot lc nm men tng
nhanh, p sut tng do m van thu hi CO2 v duy tr p sut 0,5 bar.
Trong qu trnh ln men phi thng xuyn kim tra cc thng s k thut nh : nhit
, p sut, nng ng, nhim tp, nng dch ln men ... t a ra phng
php x l thch hp. Trong qu trnh ln men chnh thng ch cp lnh cho khoang trn
cng, mc ch to ra s chnh lch nhit gia cc khoang, nh to ra s i lu,
nm men s chuyn ng t di ln trn, tng b mt tip xc gia enzym v c cht.
Thi gian ln men 5 6 ngy khi o ng 3- 3,5oS th kt thc qu trnh ln men chnh,
h nhit xung khong 5oC ri tin hnh tch sa men ri chuyn sang ln men ph.
IV.8.2.Ln men phu
* Mc ch :
Tip tc ca qu trnh ln men chnh nhm chuyn ha ht phn ng c kh
nng ln men cn tn ti trong bia non. ngha ca qu trnh ln men ph rt ln i vi
vic to hng v, bt, hng thm, n quyt nh ti bn vng ca bia cng nh cc
c tnh k thut ca bia thnh phm.
Trong qu trnh ln men ph, lng CO2 tip tc c to ra v ha tan vo bia
non, CO2 ch yu dng lin kt v mt phn dng t do. Khi ln men ph hm lng
axit hu c tng nhng khng ng k, cc ester c to thnh thc hin qu trnh kh
diacetyl n mc cho php ( < 0,2 mg/l ). V vy hng v ca bia c hon thin dn.
*Cch tin hnh.
Khi kt thc qu trnh ln men chnh ta chuyn sang ln men ph. Nhit ca
qu trnh ln men ph l 0 2oC, ap sut 1bar. Sau khi thu hi men ta h nhit xung
2oC th gian ln men ph khong 8 12 ngy.
Trc khi lc khong 2 ngy ta h nhit xung 0 oC. giai on cui ny tc
ln men chm hn, nm men tip tc s dng phn ng cn li trong dch ln men
to thnh CO2 v cc sn phm bc 2 lm hng v ca bia c n nh hn (lm trong
bia, kh diaxetyl, lm chn v n nh bia). Lng CO2 to ra ho tan vo dch ln men.
- Ti s sng men sa :
Men sa c kh nng ti s sng v c kh nng ti s dng v c kh nng b men
tt hn. Men sa phi sch, mu vng ng, t l t bo sng cao, khng nhim tp.
K thut thu hi men sa :
Sau khi kt thc qu trnh ln men chnh ta tin hnh h nhit h xung 5C, gi
trong 24 gi thu hi men sa. Khi kt lng bao gm :
Cch x l men sa :
Lp men sch thu c t y thng ln c lc qua v ra bng nc v trng
5oC, bm nc lnh vo cc thng ra men ri lng khong 90 pht. Sau gn phn
nc pha trn v phn nc pha trn cha ch yu l cc xc t bo nm men. Tin hnh
ra khong 3 4 ln thu sa men sch. Cc t bo nm men cht s ni ln trn b mt
v c gn ra ngoi. S ln ti s dng men sa khong 6 7 ln.
IV.9.Loc trong
* Mc ch :
Qu trnh ny nhm tch cn l lng, tch cc t bo nm men sng v cc t bo
trong bia tng gi tr cm quan, n nh thnh phn c hc, lm tng bn sinh hc
v bn ca bia. Dch sau khi lc trong sut c mu vng sng. Nhit lc bia khong
0 2oC.
* Cch tin hnh :
Qu trnh lc tri qua 2 giai on : Giai on to lp lc v giai on tin hnh lc.
Giai on to b mt lc :
Giai on lc :
Ci thin mi, tng mi thm v CO2 lin kt vi alcol to ester khng bn. Khi
rt bia to bt CO2 v c mi thm kh mnh.
Vng II : Ngm, phun bng dung dch NaOH 2%, p lc phun 3kg/cm2 ra cc cn
bn hu c nhit 65C.
Vng III : Phun nc 30 - 35C trng s b.
Vng IV : Trng nc lnh v trng a nhit chai xung 8 - 10C ri qua b
phn kim tra sch ca chai ( bng cch soi chai ).
Yu cu sau ra
+ Chai phi sch v mt ha l v m bo v mt an ton vi sinh.
+ Gim n mc ti thiu mc tiu hao nng lng v nc.
+ Gim vic s dng ha cht.
+ Gim thiu s nh hng n mi trng
b. Chit chai
Chai sau khi ra c c bng chuyn chuyn n thit b chit chai ( chit theo
nguyn l ng p ). Nhit ca bia l 0 - 1C. Trong qu trnh chit chai cn trnh tip
xc vi khng kh v oxy l nguyn nhn gy nn hot ng sng ca cc h vi sinh vt
trong bia, gy km bn cho bia. ng thi oxy l tc nhn gy ra cc phn ng oxy ha m
sn phm l cc cht kt ta gy c cho bia.
Khi chit chai, vi chit ngom kht vo c chai, gia chai c thng cha bia c ng
thng vi nhau to p sut ng p, ng ny ni gia c chai v mt thong ca thng
bia, xi lanh vi chit chai c a xung tn y chai v thc hin qu trnh chit.
Phng php chit ny trnh c s tro bt gy tn tht v trnh bia tip xc nhiu vi
khng kh. Khi chit xong bia c cho i qua khu kim tra mc y v rn nt ( nu c )
v sau quan st b phn dp nt, khi chai bia c dp nt xong, ta chuyn bia sang b
phn thanh trng.
c.Thanh trng bia chai
* Mc ch.
Thanh trng l gia nhit chai bia n nhit thch hp, trong khong thi gian cn
thit tiu dit hon ton t bo nm men cn st li trong bia sau khi lc, m bo t bo
nm men khng hot ng tr li ( nhit 20 25oC) gy c cho bia, ko di thi gian
bo qun cho bia.
* Cch tin hnh:
Tin hnh thanh trng bng thit b thanh trng kiu hm tunel phun t ng. Cc chai bia
chy dc theo bng ti qua cc vng ca hm thanh trng. Hm thanh trng c 8 khoang, mi
khoang phun nc nng mt nhit khc nhau.
Gia nhit 419C bng nc 28C
Gia nhit 1933C bng nc 42C
Gia nhit 3347C bng nc 48C
Gia nhit 4764C bng nc 64C
Gi nhit 64C bng nc 68C
H nhit 6459C bng nc 62C
II
III
IV
Cng on lng xoy v lnh nhanh tn tht 2,5% ,lng dch ng sau un hoa
( 200C ) l :
109, 019
= 111,814(l)
(1 0.025)
111,814
= 116,473(l)
1 0, 04
12
= 14,062(kg)
100
Cng on nu, ng ho, lc tn tht cht chit l 3%, lng cht chit ban
u l:
14, 062
= 14,497(kg)
1 0, 03
Ta c: 1,063M = 14,497(kg)
Suy ra:
2. Lng b go v b malt
Lng malt em nu l 13,638kg trong :
Lng cht kh khng ho tan 100% 80% = 20%
m W = 6%
Tn tht khi nghin 0,5%
Suy ra lng cht kh trong b malt:
13,638.(1 0,005).(1 0,06).0,2 = 2,551(kg)
B c hm m 80%, khi lng b malt t l:
2,551
= 12,755(kg)
1 0,8
* Lng nc ra b:
Lng dch ng sau un hoa: 117,181(kg)
Lng nc c trong dch ng sau un hoa:
(1
12
) 117,181 = 103,119(kg)
100
Khi un hoa tn tht 5% th tch dch do nc bay hi, lng nc trong dch
ng trc un hoa:
103,119
= 108,546(kg)
1 0, 05
* Dch lc:
Dch lc ban u: 102,013 16,55 = 85,463 (kg)
Tng lng dch lc: 85,463 + 41,015 = 127,028 (kg)
4. Lng hoa houblon s dng
Bia chai nu c ng 22 tc hm lng cht ng l 22mg/l.
Ly hiu sut trch ly cht ng trong qu trnh nu hoa l 30% th lng cht
ng ban u ng vi 100l bia thnh phm l:
22
100 = 7,33.103(mg) = 7,33(g)
0,3
S dng 80% hoa vin 8% axit ng v 20% cao hoa 60% axit ng.
Gi lng hoa vin s dng l m(g) th lng cao hoa s dng l m.(0,2/0,8) =
0,25m(g). Lng cht ng trch ly c l: m 0,08 + 0,25m 0,60 = 0,23m(g)
Ta c: 0,23m = 7,33(g)
Suy ra:
B hoa: coi lng cao hoa ho tan hon ton, hoa vin ho tan 40%, b hoa vin
c m 85% th lng b hoa vin l:
31,87 0,6
= 127,48(g) 0,13(kg)
1 0,85
* Sa men kt lng:
C 100l bia cho 2lit sa men c m 85%, trong c th ti s dng khong
1lit.
* Cn lng:
Lng cn lng c m 80% chim khong 1,75% so vi nguyn liu. ng vi
100l bia cn nu 13,638kg malt v 5,845kg go tc tng lng nguyn liu l:
13,638 + 5,845 = 19,483(kg).
Lng cn lng tng ng s l: 19,483.0,0175 = 0,341(kg)
Lng cn lng kh: 0,2.0,341 = 0,068(kg)
* Lng CO2:
342g
18g
184g
176g
Quy v ng maltose, trong giai on ln men chnh coi 55% lng cht chit
c chuyn ho, lng CO2 to thnh l:
13,71
176
0,55 = 3,881(kg)
342
Bng tng kt nguyn liu chnh, bn thnh phm tng ng vi bia chai
TT
Tn nguyn liu
100 lt
1 m
1 ngy
1 nm
Malt
13,638 kg
2182 kg
10,91 tn
1364 tn
Go
5,845 kg
935 kg
4,68 tn
5845 tn
Nc nu cho
31,985 lt
5117 l
25,59 m3
3199 m3
Nc ng ho
52,216 lt
8355 l
41,78 m3
5222 m3
Nc ra b
41,015 lt
6562,4 l
32,81 m3
4102 m3
B malt v go
16,55 kg
2,65 tn
13,24 tn
1655 tn
Hoa vin
31,87 g
5,1 kg
25,5 kg
3187 kg
Cao hoa
7,97 g
1,28 kg
6,4 kg
797 kg
Dch bt go
38,382 kg
6,14 tn
30,7 tn
3838 tn
10
Dch cho
36,743 kg
5,88 tn
29,4 tn
3674 tn
11
Dch malt
102,136
kg
16,34 tn
81,71 tn
10214 tn
12
Dch ng
98,776 kg
15,8 tn
79,02 tn
9878 tn
13
Dch sau lc
127,028
kg
20,32 tn
101.6 tn
127028 tn
14
Dch ng
houblon ho
116,473 lt
18,64 m3
93,18m3
11647 m3
15
Dch ng em
ln men
109,019 lt
17,44 m3
87,22 m3
16
Bia ti
104,658 lt
16,73 m3
83,65 m3
10466 m3
17
Bia sau lc
103,611 lt
16,58 m3
82,89 m3
10361 m3
18
103,093 lt
16,49 m3
82,47 m3
10309 m3
19
10,9 lt
1,74 m3
8,72 m3
1090m3
Men ti s dng
1,09 lt
174,4 lt
872 lit
109m3
10901 m3
Giai on tng tr v bo ho CO2 trc khi chit bock tn tht 0,5%, lng bia
sau lc l:
101
= 101,51(l)
1 0.005
Cng on lng xoy v lnh nhanh tn tht 2,5% ,lng dch ng sau un hoa
( 200C ) l :
106,8
= 109,54(l)
(1 0,025)
dch 100oC l:
109,54
= 114,1(l)
1 0,04
Dch ng sau un hoa c nng cht kh 12Bx c d20 = 1,048. Khi lng
dch ng sau un hoa l:
109,54 . 1,048 = 114,80(kg)
Lng cht chit c trong dch ng sau un hoa l:
12
114,80 = 13, 77 (kg)
100
Ta c: 1,063M = 13,77(kg)
Suy ra:
2. Lng b go v b malt
Lng malt em nu l 12,954 kg.
Lng cht kh khng ho tan 100% 80% = 20%
m 6%
Tn tht trong qu trnh nghin l 0,5%
Lng b malt kh l:
12,954.(1 0,005).(1 0,06).0,2 = 2,423(kg)
B c hm m 80%, khi lng b malt t l:
2, 423
= 12,115 (kg)
1 0,8
* Lng nc ra b:
Lng dch ng sau un hoa: 114,80 kg
Lng nc c trong dch ng sau un hoa l:
100 12
114,80 = 101, 024 (kg)
100
* Dch lc:
Dch lc ban u: 94,825 16,01 = 78,815 (kg)
Tng lng dch lc: 78,815 + 40,697 = 119,512(kg)
4. Lng hoa houblon s dng
Bia hi nu c ng 18 tc hm lng cht ng l 18mg/l.
Ly hiu sut trch ly cht ng trong qu trnh nu hoa l 30% th lng cht
ng ban u ng vi 100l bia thnh phm l:
18
100 = 6000(mg) = 6(g)
0,3
S dng 80% hoa vin 8% axit ng v 20% cao hoa 60% axit ng. Gi
lng hoa vin s dng l m(g) th lng cao hoa s dng l 0,25m(g). Lng cht ng
trch ly c l: m 0,08 + 0,25m 0,60 = 0,23m(g)
Ta c: 0,23m = 6(g)
Suy ra:
B hoa: coi lng cao hoa ho tan hon ton, hoa vin ho tan 40%, b hoa vin c m
85% th lng b hoa vin l:
26, 087 0, 6
= 104,348(g) 0,1(kg)
1 0,85
* Sa men kt lng:
C 100l bia cho 2lit sa men c m 85%, trong c th ti s dng khong
1lit.
* Cn lng:
Lng cn lng c m 80% chim khong 1,75% so vi nguyn liu. ng vi
100l bia cn nu 12,954 kg malt v 5,552 kg go tc tng lng nguyn liu l:
12,954 + 5,552= 18,506 (kg).
Lng cn lng tng ng s l: 18,506 .0,0175 = 0,324 (kg)
Lng cn lng kh: 0,2.0,324 = 0,065 (kg)
* Lng CO2:
Phng trnh ln men:
C12H22O11 + H2O = 4C2H5OH + 4CO2 + Q
342g
18g
184g
176g
Quy v ng maltose, trong giai on ln men chnh coi 55% lng cht chit
c chuyn ho, lng CO2 to thnh l:
13, 43
176
0,55 = 3,8(kg)
342
Sau ln men chnh th tch dch gim 3%, th tch bia non ng vi 100 lt bia
thnh phm l:
106,8 0,97 = 103,6 (l)
Lng CO2 ho tan trong bia non l 2,5g/l, ng vi 103,6 lt bia non l:
2,5.103,6 = 259 (g) 0,26 (kg)
Lng CO2 thot ra l:
3,8 0,26 = 3,542(kg)
20C, 1atm, CO2 c khi lng ring 1,832kg/m3, th tch ca CO2 bay ra l:
3,542
= 1,933 (m3)
1,832
Trong qu trnh lc CO2 b tht thot mt phn nn hm lng CO2 trong bia sau
lc vo khong 2g/l. Cui qu trnh lc cn cp CO2 p nt lng dch lc cui ng
thi trong qu trnh tng tr cn tip tc bo ho CO2 trong bia hm lng CO2 t ti
4,5g/l. Lng CO2 cn bo ho 101,51 lt bia sau lc l:
(4,5 2).101,51 = 253,78 (g) 0,254(kg)
Th tch CO2 cn bo ho thm l:
0,254
= 0,14 (m3)
1,832
Tn nguyn liu
100 lt
1 m
1 ngy
1 nm
Malt
12,954 kg
2072,6 kg
10,36 tn
1295 tn
Go
5.552 kg
888,32 kg
4,44 tn
555 tn
Nc nu cho
30,383 lt
4861,28 l
24,31 m3
3038 m3
Nc ng ho
49,347 lt
7895,52 l
39,48 m3
4935 m3
Nc ra b
40,697 lt
6511,52 l
32,56 m3
B malt
2,56 tn
12,81 tn
1601 tn
Hoa vin
26,087 g
4,17 kg
20,87 kg
2609 kg
Cao hoa
6,522 g
1,04 kg
5,22 kg
652,2 kg
Dch bt go
36,46 kg
5,83 tn
29,17 tn
3646 tn
10
Dch cho
35,837 kg
5,73 tn
28,67 tn
3584 tn
11
Dch malt
98,138 kg
15,7 tn
78,51 tn
9814 tn
12
Dch ng
94,825 kg
15,17 tn
75,86 tn
9483 tn
13
Dch lc
78.815 kg
12,61 tn
63,05 tn
7882 tn
14
Dch ng
houblon ho
114,1 lt
18,26 m3
91,28 m3
11410 m3
15
Dch i ln men
106,8 lt
85,44 m3
10680 m3
16,01 kg
17,09 m3
4070 m3
16
Bia ti
102,53 lt
16,4 m3
82,02 m3
10253m3
17
Bia sau lc
101,51 lt
16,24 m3
81,21 m3
10151 m3
18
101 lt
16,16 m3
80,8 m3
10100 m3
19
10,68 lt
1,71 m3
8,54 m3
1068 m3
Men ti s dng
1,07 lt
171,2lt
856lit
107 m3
* My nghin malt:
Mt m nu lng malt cn nghin l 2182 kg. Chn my nghin malt m c
cng sut 3000kg/h c cc thng s k thut:
Vt liu ch to: thp khng g chu mi mn
Kch thc thit b: di 1m, rng 0,8m, cao 3,2m
Kch thc trc nghin: ng knh 250mm, di 600mm
S trc: 2
3. Ni h ho
Tng khi lng dch bt trong ni h ho l ng vi mt m nu: 6,14 tn.
Khi lng ring ca hn hp dch bt l 1,07(tn/m3)
Th tch ca hn hp trong ni h ho l:
6,14
= 5,74 (m3)
1, 07
h2
h1
Th tch ni:
D2
h1 h2
D2
1 D2
1 D2
H+
h1 +
h2 =
V = Vtr + Vay + Vinh =
H + + =
4
3 3
4
3 4
3 4
D2
0, 2 D 0,15 D
3
+
0, 6 D +
= 0,563D
4
3
3
h2
h1
Th tch ni:
D2
h1 h2
D2
1 D2
1 D2
H+
h1 +
h2 =
V = Vtr + Vay + Vinh =
H + + =
4
3 3
4
3 4
3 4
D2
0, 2 D 0,15 D
3
+
0, 6 D +
= 0,563D
4
3
3
5. Thng lc y bng
Thng y bng, thn tr, np nn h2 = 0,15D.
h2
Mun qua trinh loc binh thng thi chiu cao cua lp ba vao khoang 0,3 0,4 m.
Chn chiu cao lp b l: 0,4m
Din tch y thung lc:
3,53
= 8,825 (m2)
0, 4
ng knh thng lc l: D =
4 8,825
3,35 (m)
D 2 3, 42
=
= 9, 07 (m2)
4
4
14,91
Vd
=
= 1,64(m)
9, 07
S
hd
1, 64
=
= 2,34 (m)
0, 7
0,7
D2
.3, 42
H =
2,36 = 21, 42(m3 ) .
4
4
Qu trnh un hoa th tch dch gim 5% do nc bay hi, th tch dch trc un
hoa:
19,45
= 20,47 (m3)
1 0,05
* Chn thit b un hoa l thit b thn hnh tr, y chm cu, np nn lm bng
thp khng g, c cc thng s nh sau: H = 0,6D; h1 = 0,2D; h2 = 0,15D.
h2
h1
Th tch ni:
V
Vtr
Vy
D 2
D 2
H +(
h1 + h13 )
4
8
6
D 2
D 2
0,6 D +
0,2 D + (0,2 D) 3 = 0,554D3
4
8
6
* Chn thit b un hoa l thit b thn hnh tr, y chm cu, np nn lm bng
thp khng g, c cc thng s nh sau: H = 0,6D; h1 = 0,2D; h2 = 0,15D.
h2
h1
Th tch ni:
Vtr
Vy
D 2
D 2
H +(
h1 + h13 )
4
8
6
D 2
D 2
0,6 D +
0,2 D + (0,2 D) 3 = 0,554D3
4
8
6
h2
Th tch thng:
V=
D 2
H = 0,628D3
4
Ban u,dch c nhit 900C i qua tc nhn lnh l nc c nhit 250C, sau qu
trnh trao i nhit v lm lnh th dch c nhit 600C v nc c nhit 450C. Vy lng
nhit cn l:
Q = G x C x ( t2 t1)
Trong : G : Khi lng dch lm lnh mt m nu :
G = 18673 x 1,048 = 19569,3 (kg)
C: T nhit ca dch. Tra s tay ta c C = 0,92 kcal/kg 0C.
t1 : nhit trc ca dch : 900C.
t2 : nhit sau qu trnh trao i : 600C.
Nh vy ta c:
Q = 19569,3 x 0,92 x ( 90 60 ) = 540112,8 (kcal)
Thi gian lm ngui bng nc l 30 pht. Vy lng nhit cp cho 1 gi l :
Q1 = 540112,8 x 60 : 30 = 1080225,6 ( kcal/h)
t1- t2
ttb =
2,3 x lg t1/t2
t1 : hiu s ln nht gia nhit nc v nhit khi dch
t1 = 90 45 = 45 (0C)
t2 : Hiu s nh nht gia nhit nc v nhit khi dch
t2 = 60 25 = 35 ( 0C)
Vy ta c :
45- 35
= 39,84 0C
ttb =
2,3 x lg 45/35
Tnh F
Din tch b mt truyn nhit :
Q1
F=
1080225,6
= 60,25 (m2)
=
k t
450 x 39,84
F=
K x t
Tnh K :H s dn nhit qua thnh. Chn K =1200 (kcal/m2h0C)
Tnh t
Thc cht hnh thc trao i nhit y l trao i nhit gin tip qua tm bn.
t1- t2
Ta c ttb =
2,3 x lg t1/t2
t1 : hiu s ln nht gia nhit nc v nhit khi dch
t1 = 60 2 = 58 (0C)
t2 : Hiu s nh nht gia nhit nc v nhit khi dch
t2 = 14- (-8) = 22 ( 0C)
Vy ta c :
58- 22
= 37,18 0C
Ta c ttb =
2,3 x lg 58/22
Tnh F
Din tch b mt truyn nhit :
Q1
1104230
F=
= 24,75 (m2)
=
k t
1200 x 37,18
Th tch mi thng:
D 2 h1 h13
D 2
D 2
D 2 0,1D (0,1D) 3
H +(
+
) =
1,5 D +
+
V=
= 1,218D3
4
8
6
4
8
6
Lng CIP ra thng bng 5 8% th tch thng. Ta tnh cho thng nu hoa l
thng c th tch ln nht 30,4m3, th tch s dng ca thng l 80% th th tch cc thng
CIP cn t:
0,08.30,4/0,8 = 3,04(m3).
Ta c: 1,218D3 = 3,04(m3). Suy ra: D = 1,36(m).
Quy chun: D = 1,4m. H = 2,1m; h1 = 0,14m; h2 = 0,14m.
Th tch thc ca mi thng:
V = 1,218D3 = 1,218.1,43 = 3,34(m3)
Cc thng c thnh dy 5mm, ng knh ngoi ca cc thng: Dng = 1,41m
h4
h3
D
h2
h1
Th tch hu ch ca thit b l:
h
D 2
D 2
0,866 D
( h2 + 1 ) =
(1,5D +
) = 1,405D3
Vhi =
4
3
4
3
15
D 2
Vhi = 0,248 D3
h3 =
85
4
D 2
h3 = 0,2Vhi
4
Vhi =
D 2
h3 = 0,2Vhi
4
Vhi =
D 2
h3 = 0,25Vhi
4
Vhi =
D 2
h3 = 0,25Vhi
4
D 2 h1 h13
D 2
D 2
D 2 0,1D (0,1D) 3
H +(
+
) =
1,5 D +
+
= 1,218D3
4
8
6
4
8
6
Lng CIP ra thng bng 5-8% th tch thng. Ta tnh cho 1 tank ln men c
th tch 131,42 (m3), h s s dng ca cc thng CIP l 80% th th tch mi thng cn
t:
0,08.131,42/0,8 = 13,14(m3)
Ta c: 1,218D3 = 13,14(m3) Suy ra: D = 2,2(m)
Quy chun: D = 2,2m; H = 3,3m; h1 = 0,22m; h2 = 0,22m
Th tch thc ca mi thng:
V = 1,218D3 = 1,218.2,23 = 13,0(m3)
Cc thng c thnh dy 5mm, ng knh ngoi ca cc thng: Dng = 2,21m
III. Tnh v chn thit b cho phn xng hon thin
1. Thit b lc trong bia
Nng sut dy chuyn c tnh :
* My chit bock:
Ngy lm vic 12h, h s s dng my l 0,8 th nng sut my chit bock cn
t:
100000
= 10417(l/h)
12 0,8
* My ra chai
Chn my ra chai c thng s k thut:
Nng sut: 15000 chai/h
Kch thc: 6,5m 3,44m 2,8m
Cng sut ng c: 7 kW
* My chit chai
Chn my chit chai c thng s k thut:
Nng sut: 15000 chai/h
Kch thc: 3,3m 3m 3,2m
p sut kh nn: 2,5 bar
p sut nc cp ca bm cao p: 1 2 bar
15000 np chai/h
S ng ng cng 1 lc :
15 ng
p sut kh :
2,5kg/cm2
Cng sut ng c :
4,5Kw
550vng/pht
p lc ng nt
60kg/cm2
Kch thc :
S lng my :
1 chic
Hi 3 4 bar, 6 8 m3/h
* My dn nhn
Chn my dn nhn c thng s k thut:
Nng sut: 15000 chai/h
Kch thc my: 3,56m 1,2m 1,5m
Tc quay: 15 v/ph
Cng sut ng c: 0,8 kW