DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

THI T K M CH B NG PROTEL

DKS_GROUP

-1-

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

M CL C Bi 1.Linh ki n i n t c b n 1. i n tr 2.Bi n tr 3.T i n 3.1.Phn lo i 3.2.T ho 4.Diode 4.1.M t 4.2.K hi u cc lo i diode 5.Transistor 5.1.Tc d ng 6.Led 7 thanh 7.B cch ly quang 7.1. ng d ng 7.2.Nguyn l c u t o chung c a b cch ly 7.3.Phn lo i 7.4.Hnh v nguyn l 8.Relay 8.1.Phn lo i 8.2. i u khi n ng m relay B Bi th c hnh s 1 1.Cng c 2.H ng d n s d ng panel Bi 2:Cc IC tch h p chuyn d ng 2.1.M ch ngu n 2.2.Cc m ch s logic 2.3.IC l p trnh c Bi 3:Thi t k m ch nguyn l b ng PROTEL 3.1.T ng quan 3 3 5 5 6 7 7 5 5 8 9 9 11 11 11 11 11 13 13 13 14 14 14 16 16 19 19 24 25 -2-

DKS_GROUP

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

3.2.Thi t k m ch nguyn l b ng protel Bi 4.V m ch in s d ng ph n m m PROTEL 4.1.T ng qut v v m ch in 4.2.Cc k thu t khi v m ch in Bi 5.Phng php lm m ch in

25 38 38 38 69

1. i n tr . Tc d ng: Dng h n ch dng i n.Chnh xc hn l t o ra dng i n c gi tr xc nh nh nh lu t m c th tnh c. Phn lo i: Trn th tr ng c nhi u lo i i n tr khc nhau. Tu nhi m v c a b n m dng cc lo i tr khc nhau. K hi u i n tr trong s m ch:

Hnh nh c a 1 s lo i tr .

DKS_GROUP

-3-

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Cch

c gi tr tr : i v i tr dn: c theo gi tr ghi trn tr . V d : 104 = 10x104 =105 Ohm = 100Kohm i v i tr c v ch mu c nh sau:

Hai v ch tr s , v ch th 3 l s m, v ch 4 l sai s . Tr s c qui nh theo m u nh sau: en 0, Nu 1, 2, Cam 3, Vng(yellow) 4, Xanh 5, L c 6, Tm 7 , Xm 8 , Tr ng 9. V d : i n tr sau : tm xanh t c l: 2 7 X105=2 700 000 Ohm = 2,7 Mohm. 1Mohm = 1000 Kohm = 1000 000 Ohm i v i cc i n tr gi tr nh hn 10 Ohm.N u v ch th 3 l m u b c th tr s v ch cu i cng ph i chia cho 100, l m u vng(gold) th chia cho 10. V d : tr c 3 v ch gi tr l tm vng(gold) = 2+7/10=2,7 Ohm. V ch sai s nh sau: Nu 1%, 2%, Vng(Gold) 5%, B c 10%.

DKS_GROUP

-4-

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

2-Bi n tr : L i n tr m gi tr c a n thay i theo 1 i u ki n no . Lo i bi n tr ph bi n nh t l khi xoay 1 con vit trn bi n tr th gi tr c a n thay i.

Bi n tr cn thay i theo nhi t g i l bi n tr nhi t, bi n tr thay i theo c ng nh sng r i vo n g i l quang tr . Trong cc lo i bi n tr trn th lo i bi n tr dy l lo i bi n tr m c tinh ch nh cao nh t, c s d ng trong cc m ch c n c s tinh ch nh i n p. Ngoi ra cn c m t lo i i n tr n a g i l quang i n tr l i n tr m i n tr c a n thay i theo c ng nh sng chi u vo Hnh nh c a chng trong th c t nh hnh v :

3-T

i n
-5-

DKS_GROUP

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

T i n l linh ki n cng c dng ph bi n nh i n tr . S khc nhau gi a t i n v i n tr l s c n tr c a t i n ph thu c vo t n s i n p. c trng cho tnh c n tr c a t l dung khng. Tnh theo cng th c sau: f: t n s i n p- Hz. C: gi tr c a t i n- Fara. K hi u c a t i n: T i n phn c c T i n khng phn c c. S khc nhau gi a t phn c c v khng phn c c: T khng phn c c th 2 c c c a t c vai tr nh nhau, gi tr c a t khng phn c c th ng nh ( picro Fara. T phn c c th c 2 c c tnh dng v m khng th dng l n l n. Gi tr c a t phn c c th ng l n 1 n hng ngn uF(Micro Fara).

3.1.Phn lo i: T i n trong th c t c phn ra lm nhi u lo i v theo nhi u cch khc nhau nhng c th k ra l: t th ng, t ha, t xoay, vv.. Theo ch t li u c t gi y, t g m, t s , vv.. B n ch t t i n l m t kho i n n c kh nng n p i n v cho t i khi bo ha th n s l i phng i n S n p phng c a t :

Do v y m t i n c s d ng m ch l c vv DKS_GROUP

c bi t trong m ch t o dao

ng, t o xung,

-6-

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Ch khi s d ng t ha do ta c n ch chi u c a n. 3.2.T ha :

c th n c chn + v chn nn khi

u vo m ch

3.3.Cch oc gi tr t i n: T khng phn c c, ph bi n l t g m( t t), c gi ng dn. n v l pF. T phn c c( t ha) gi tr v c c tnh ghi trn t . T xoay:

c tr

Ngoi lo i t c gi tr thay i b ng cch v n vt nh bi n tr . 4-Diode 4.1.M t : Diode c c u t o t 2 l p bn d n ti p xc v i nhau. Diode c 2 c c An t v Kat t. N ch cho dng i n i theo 1 chi u t An t sang Kat t(Chnh xc l kh nng c n tr dng i n theo chi u AK l r t nh , Cn KA l r t l n). N c dng nh van 1 chi u trong m ch i n. 4.2.K hi u c a cc lo i diode:

DKS_GROUP

-7-

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

4.3.Phn lo i: Theo ch c nng c m t s lo i diode ngoi diode chu n. M t s lo i diode th ng g p: Diode chu n ph bi n: 4007,4004, + Led: Diode c kh nng pht sng + Diode zener: dng n nh i n p. Ho t ng ch phn c c ng c(KA). + Photo diode: Khi khng c nh sng n ho t ng nh 1 diode th ng cn khi c nh sng n d n theo c 2 h ng (KA,AK)

C 1 lo i diode c tc d ng c bi t l diode zener dng n p. Led(Light Emitting Diode) : L diode c kh nng pht sng cc b ng i n t m cc b n nhn th y trn ph l t p h p c a r t nhi u led. Tc d ng c a led l lm n bo. Diode pht laze cng l 1 lo i led. i u c n ghi nh l hi u i n th gi a 2 u c a diode kho ng 0,6V 5-Transistor K hi u transistor

DKS_GROUP

-8-

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

G m 3 mi n bn d n khc lo i(P-N) x p xen k nhau. V c tran thu n npn, tran ng c pnp S d ng cc tran ta quan tm t i tn v cc thng s c a transistor Trong th c t tran thu n th ng l cc tran C vd nh : C828.. V cc tran ng c b t u v i ch ci A nh: A564, A1015, vvv 5.1. Tc d ng c a transitor: Trong cc m ch i n t transistor c s d ng r t nhi u v i nhi u ch c nng khc nhau c th ng i ta s d ng tran nh m t b m v i ch c nng khu ch i, v c bi t trong i n t s v cc IC s transistor c s d ng trong ch kha.Trong ch kha cc tran lm vi c nh nh ng cng t c hay th ng g i l cc Van i n t van ny ho t ng ta c n t vo B m t i n p > Ube trong ch bo ha. Transistor c hai dng l dng TTL v dng CMOS Cc tran CMOS l cc bng ho t ng s d ng nguyn l i n t , nn cng su t t n hao nh , c s d ng nh cc van c t n s ng c t l n i u lu khi s d ng cc tran CMOS khi l p cc tran ny vo m ch v v n hnh v i ngu n y th khng c h c c GATE. V khi bng s so lun . cng l l do m t i sao lm m ch v hn m ch c n th t t t khng h cc chn linh ki n n u khng h G thi tran s chy ngay. 6.LED 7 thanh (7_seg.... ) L m t linh ki n c s d ng r ng ri trong cc m ch, cc modul, cc thi t b Led 7 thanh dng hi n th cc thng tin d ng s li u, v trn th c t v a c th hi n thj s li u v cc thng tin khc d ng k t th ng i ta s d ng m t lo i linh ki n tng t l led 12 thanh, hay nhi u thanh trn. Phn lo i: c nhi u cch phn lo i chng nhng ph bi n l theo 2 lo i l: LED 7 thanh Anot chung v LED 7 thanh katot chung V trong cc lo i l i phn ra thnh cc lo i nh: LED n, LED kp, LED g m 4 led n, Ty theo s ti n ch v m c tiu cc thi t k m ta c th l a ch n chng. DKS_GROUP
-9-

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Nguyn l chung c a cc lo i led trn nh hnh v :

Nh v y led 7 thanh l cc led pht quang cc thanh. Vi c ph i h p cc led m i thanh sng s t o ra cc ch s . D i y l hnh v c a cc lo i led 7 thanh v s chn c a chng:

DKS_GROUP

- 10 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Trong 1,2,3,4 l cc chn Anot ho c Katot chung c a 4 led n trong b led. 7-Cc b cch ly quang 7.1. ng d ng B cch ly l linh ki n s d ng trong cc ng d ng i u khi n ng c t cc m ch i n ( c bi t l m ch cng su t ) pha sau b i u khi n, vi c cch ly ny th c hi n b ng nh sng. 7.2.Nguyn l c u t o chung c a cc b cch ly: Bao g m m t bn pht nh sng ( th ng l LED ) v m t bn thu ( th ng l photodiot, phototransistor, phototiristor,..) 7.3.Phn lo i: B cch ly c phn lo i theo nhi u cch khc nhau, nh: b cch ly n, kp, C nhi u b cch ly c th ghp cng nhau t o thnh cc IC nhi u chn. V cch phn bi t tuy t nh t l theo dng i n ng c t: Cch ly m t chi u, Cch ly xoay chi u. 7.4.Hnh v nguyn l:

VD: Cch ly m t chi u nh: 4N35, PS205-1, PS205-2, PS205-3,. Cch ly xoay chi u nh: MOC3020, MOC3021, MOC3022, vv Cc b cch ly m t chi u th ng s d ng v i cc ng d ng ng m dng i n m t chi u, cn cc b cch ly xoay chi u th ng s d ng ng m dng xoay chi u c ph i k t h p s d ng cc van cng su t hay rle. Ta s i xem xt s l c m t vi b cch ly th ng c s d ng trong th t .

DKS_GROUP

- 11 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

-- B cch ly :

C th chng ta c th tm hi u v i vo cc ng d ng c th v i vi c tham kh o datasheet c a linh ki n. -- B cch ly :

DKS_GROUP

- 12 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

y l b cch ly xoay chi u c dng kh ph bi n, trong cc m ch i u khi n ph i k t h p v i cc rle v c bi t l v i cc van cng su t nh: Tiristor, Triac, Bn pht c a n v n l m t LED th ng v bn thu l m t Phototriac. 8-Relay ( R Le ) C u t o c a rle nh hnh v d i

V nguyn l c u t o v ho t ng c a rle l d a trn l c ht i n t c a nam chm i n k t h p v i h th ng cc ti p i m. 8.1.Phn lo i: Rle c phn lo i theo r t nhi u cch khc nhau. - Theo dng i n th ph n thnh rle 1 chi u, rle xoay chi u - Theo s i m c c th c rle n c c ho c r le nhi u ti p i m. .. Trong th c t rle c s d ng r t nhi u v v cng a d ng v hnh th c v ng d ng. Role cn c nhi u lo i chuyn d ng nh nhi u lo i r le nh: Rle ng/ p c c i, Rle i n t , Rle s vv 8.2. i u khi n ng m rle: Khi ta c p m t i n p vo hai u cu n ht th rle s ho t ng ng cc ti p di m l i v i nhau. Ty theo lo i rle c k b ng i n p l bao nhiu nh rle: +5V, +12VDC hay AC

DKS_GROUP

- 13 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Bi th c hnh s 1 I- Cc cng c s d ng cho vi c th c hnh l p m ch. - Panel ng h o v n nng - Cc linh ki n. - Cc dy n i - .. II- H ng d n s d ng panel l p m ch test. Trong cng vi c h c t p cng nh trong cc thi t k th vi c t o ra m t m ch i n th ta c n ph i cho m ch ch y test thng th ng ng i ta s d ng cc t m panel. Chng ta mu n c m t t m panel test m ch l n th ta c th ghp nhi u panel l i v i nhau. Bn d i l hnh v m t panel dng c m cc linh ki n v ch y test m ch.

Trong panel th c 4 hng ngang c l p v i n v i nhau v trong m i hng ngang th l i chia thnh 2 n a cng c l p v i n v i nhau. Panel cn c r t nhi u cc c t v chng cng c l p v i n v i nhau. M i m t c t bao g m nhi u nh theo hng d c c lin h v i n v i nhau. V m i hng ngang g m nhi u nh c lin h v i n v i nhau v m i Panel th cc hng v cc c t c b tr i x ng nhau nh hnh v .

DKS_GROUP

- 14 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

V d 1: L p m ch i u khi n b t t t m t LED s d ng transistor.

M c ch th nghi m: Thng qua vi c th c hnh l p m ch trn, thng qua vi c quan st hi n t ng ta th y c ch ho t ng ON/ OFF ( kha ) c a transistor, hi u c vi c s d ng tran thu n npn hay tran ng c pnp, thu c th c t l p m ch quan st k t qu so v i m ch ch c a thi t k . T m ch trn ta c th pht tri n thnh nhi u m ch c ng d ng c th hn. V d 2: L p m ch i u khi n b t t t m t LED s d ng B cch ly quang v Rle.

M c ch th nghi m: DKS_GROUP
- 15 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Thng qua vi c th c hnh l p m ch trn ta ph i k t h p b cch l, tran npn, v Rle. Trong gi i h n c a bi th c hnh ch i u khi n b t t t m t LED v trong th c t m ch ny c th pht tri n thnh cc m ch i u khi n n hay cc thi t b dn d ng, vv.. s d ng dng m t chi u hay c dng xoay chi u. M t ho t ng c a m ch: Rle ta s d ng l m t rle k b ng ngu n p +12v V c s d ng b cch ly quang, l do s d ng b cch l trong h u h t cc ng d ng i u khi n l h th ng k s r t an ton, trnh c nh h ng c a nhi u, v cc ht ng qu p, qu dng. Khi ta c p ngu n V k vo chn c a b cch ly th lm thng phototransistor v c p ngu n ng tran thu n C828 v khi C828 thng th c p p 12v cho rle lm rle ng v c p ngu n cho led, led sng.

2.1.M ch ngu n Trong chuyn m c ny chng ta s tm hi u v th c hnh t o ra cc ngu n i n p v i cc m c i n p nh mu n thng qua vi c s d ng cc ic chuyn d ng. Trong th c t t o ra cc m ch ngu n ph c t p th c n ph i tnh ton r t nhi u y u t khc nh: ch t i , cng su t m ch c n cung ng. Trn y ta s th c hnh v i nh ng m ch ngu n n gi n v c c k d lm p ng y cc ng d ng v a v nh . V i vi c s d ng cc ic chuyn d ng ta c th t o ra cc ngu n chu n nh +/- 5 V, +/- 9 V, +/- 12 V. Hay b t k i n p no. Ta s I tm hi u l n l t c th t o ra cc ngu n c ng tr 5,9,12 V th ta s c cc ic sau T o ra ngu n i n p (+) ta s d ng cc IC 78XX ( 7805, 7809, 7812 ) T o ra ngu n i n p (-) ta s d ng cc IC 79XX (7905, 7909, 7912 ) D i y l hnh nh v s t o ra ngu n chu n +5V t ngu n xoay chiu 220V

DKS_GROUP

- 16 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

M ch t o i n p :

Trong s trn c s d ng m t bi n p ( h p) vo 220VAC v ra l 12VDC pha sau bi n p l m t m ch ch nh lu c u. Ti p l m ch c a ic chuyn d ng 78XX. Cc t i n trn ty theo cng su t ngu n yu c u m ta s d ng. c bi t ta s d ng t C c i n dung l n 1000uf hay l n hn m c song song v i c11 t o nn s n nh c a ngu n. Th c t m ch ch nh lu c u c th thi t k t 4 con diot. Ngoi ra cn c nhi u ic ch nh lu c u tch h p s n c b c u diot v t ha trong n. C nhi u lo i b ch nh lu c u ny nh: Lo i hnh trn c 4 chn

DKS_GROUP

- 17 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Lo i 3 chn ph ng: Vi c t o ra cc ngu n nu trn s c l tng t . t o ra m t ngu n i n p c th i u ch nh c c i n p tng ng v i vi c s d ng ic chuyn d ng LM 317

Hnh d ng c a lm317 gi ng cc ic trn . thng qua v c i u ch nh VR 2 ta s c c i n p Vout tng ng. th c hi n t t cc b n nn tm hi u k cc datasheet c a cc linh ki n. 2.2.Cc vi m ch s logic

DKS_GROUP

- 18 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

DKS_GROUP

- 19 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

2.3.Cc dng ic c kh nng l p trnh c Trong th c t hi n nay cng v i s pht tri n c a cng ngh c bi t l vi c tch h p ln cc ic chuyn d ng. V c nhi u th h cc ic m c kh nng l p trnh c. Trong v i n t tng t th cng cc ic FPAA, V i n t s c cc IC s l p trnh c nh FPGA, v cao hn n a l cc th h , cc dng vi i u khi n nh : 8051, AVR, PIC, PSOC, vv Trong y chng ta s khng c p su v chng m ch c tnh ch t gi i thi u v h ng d n cch ng d ng chng. u tin ta s i xem xt cc dng vi i u khi n v i cc ng d ng c a chng. Cc dng vi i u khi n k trn chng ra i v ngy cng pht tri n m nh m . L do chng chnh l nh ng trung tm m c kh nng thu th p thng tin r i x l thng tin, a ra cc l nh i u khi n cc m ch i u khi n i u khi n cc i t ng, chng c kh nng v truy n thng , a thng tin c n thi t ln my tnh qua c ng COM chu n RS232 hay tham gia vo m t m ng no Kh nng tch h p c a cc dng vi i u khi n khng ng ng pht tri n. Nhi u dng v k tch h p trong n r t nhi u cc vi m ch nh cc b chuy n i ADC, DAC, comparator ,vv.. V t c x l thng tin c a chng ngy cng cao, kh nng lu tr thng tin l i cng l n v i cc b nh d ng EEPROM, FLASH,vngay c cc h th ng cc b nh ngai, cc h th ng thanh ghi v nhi u vi m ch s . T t c chng n u bi t thi t k v t ng h p th s l m t s c m nh c kh nng gi I quy t c r t nhi u bi ton th c t mang gi tr ng d ng cao v thu c kinh t l n. Cc dng vi m ch l p trnh c C nhi u dng vi m ch c kh nng l p trnh c c v i n t tng t l n i nt s . Cc Vi m ch l p trnh c tng t l FPAA. Cc vi m ch ny c kh nng tch h p r t l n , thng qua m t ph n m m l p trinh ngn ng c a cc vi m ch do nh thi t k a ra chng ta c th thi t l p FPAA thnh r t nhi u kh i tng t lm c cc ch c nng nh m t m ch i n hay m t ph n t ic r i lm nh ng nhi m v c a m t m ch i n tng t . V d nh cc m ch khu ch i ( nhi u lo i nh o, khng o, vi sai ,,,), cc m ch vi phn, tch phn, cc m ch l c thng ,. V c cc b bi n i tn hi u nh ADC,. Qu l th t ti n l i, sau khi thi t k trn ph n m m ta h p d ch ra cc file d ng hex hay bin v c th n p vo cc b nh hay cc dng vi i u khi n khi ghp n i chng v i cc vi m ch FPAA chng s n p chng trnh vo FPAA v FPAA s th c hi n ch c nng nh s n . Cc Vi m ch l p trnh c s l FPGA. DKS_GROUP
- 20 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Tr c y khi th c hi n m t m ch i n t s ta th ng s d ng cc ic logic v ghp chng l i v i nhau nh cc m ch AND , NOT, NOR, hay cc m ch m v i cc ic m, m ch gi I m , t o m ,v. Ngy nay t t c cc cng vi c u c th th c hi n m t cch d dng v i cc chip FPGA, cng nh vi c ti n hnh v i cc chip FP GA chng ta cng s c c m t m ch chuyn d ng c th th c hi n c r t nhi u nhi m v v gi I quy t nhi u bi tan. Bi th c hnh s 2: 1- Bi th c hnh k t h p ki n th c h c t bi tr c l cc LED pht v cc photodiot hay phototransistor, i n tr , bi n tr dy, cng b khu ch i LM324 lm m t c m bi n m hay c ng d ng trong k thu t d ng c a robot. S m ch th nghi m :

M ch chng ta s d ng dng m ch thu pht nh sng th ng, n u chng ta thay c p thu pht nh sng th ng b ng c p thu pht nh sng h ng ngo i chng ta s c m t c m bi n m h ng ngo i tng i tuy t. Trong bi tr c chng ta th c hi n l p m t m ch i u khi n rle . n u chng ta k t h p hai bi th c hnh ny l i v i nhau chng ta s c m t b o v i u khi n l th . Pht tri n thm ta s c c m t b b t t t n khi tr i t i, sng l th. m ch c m bi n - optoicupler thu pht a/s th ng. Ph n m ch c m bi n c thi t k l m t m ch t o tn hi u tch c c m c logic 0 v trung tm i u khi n. Khi c v t i qua v tr t sensor th s c m t tn hnh d m t xung vung nh hnh v d i: DKS_GROUP
- 21 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Trong thi t k m ch sensor c chia ra thnh 3 kh i chnh l: kh i thu, kh i pht, kh i kh ch i v chu n ho tn hi u. M ch thu v pht tn hi u ( Optoicupler) . - Khi ni m v Optoicupler: L m t b g m c m t m t pht tn hi u v m t m t thu tn hi u t o tn hi u u ra c th tch c c m c 0 hay m c 1. Gi s bnh th ng tn hi u t o ra lun l m c 1 khi c m t v t c n ch n gi a m t thu v m t pht th tn hi u t o ra l m c 0. V nguyn l ny c v n d ng t o ra r t nhi u s n ph m v d nh cc b m ho xung dng o t c ng c, cch ic cch ly quang, v nh trong n em v n d ng t o ra m t m ch dng m v t ( s n ph m). Hnh nh c a m t optoicupler dng ch t o nn b m ho xung Encoder:

B encoder t ch dng

ot c

ng c.

DKS_GROUP

- 22 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Thi t k n s d ng m ch thu pht nh sng th ng. Ph n pht l m t LED pht quang bnh th ng c th pht ra nh sng mu khc nhau. Cn ph n thu c th l photodiot, phototransistor hay quang tr . Hinh nh th c t c a n l:

Nguyn l c a m ch m v t i qua l m t module g m c m t c p thu pht nh sng th ng nh hnh v led pht nh sng v m t u thu nh sng ph n x . khi cha c v t c n th s khng c nh sng ph n x v m t thu, khi c v t c n qua th s c nh sng ph n x v m t nh n v do thay i m c logic u ra c a m ch c m bi n. DKS_GROUP
- 23 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Kh i khu ch

i v chu n ho tn hi u.

C m bi n th ng c a v cc trung tm x l v cc trung tm ny lm vi c v i cc tn hi u m t chi u 5v(logic 1) v 0 V ( m c logic 0). M t khc tn hi u thu c t m t nh n l nh v khng chu n i khi cn c s rung nn tn hi u ny c n ph i c chu n ho. V trong m ch s d ng m ch chu n ho dng IC LM324 v i 4 b so snh v ta ch s d ng m t b so snh. S bn trong c a IC LM324:

Trong n ta ch s d ng 1 b so snh nh hnh v d i: Nguyn l c a m ch c m bi n trn: Khi cha c v t c n th cha c nh sng ph n x v m t nh n nn tn hi u chn 2( Vin-) l m c 0 theo l thuy t v chn s 3 ( Vin +) c m t i n p <>0V ( i n p ny do ta hi u ch nh). Khi ny Vin+ > Vin- do tn hi u ra chn 1 l +5V lm cho led ch th khng sng. Ng c l i th khi c v t c n qua, c nh sng ph n x v m t nh n lm thng m ch v lm cho chn s 2 ( Vin-) c i n p . trong t/h ny Vin(-) > Vin(+) do tn hi u ra chn 1 l m c 0 v v lm cho led ch th sng. Nh v y s d ng b so LM324 ta chu n ho tn hi u v vi i u khi n v n l m t d ng xung vung khi c v t qua c m bi n th tn hi u v vi i u khi n bo m c 0.

DKS_GROUP

- 24 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

3.1.T ng quan v thi t k m ch nguyn l. Trong cc h th ng th ph n i n t l m t khu h t s c quan tr ng. Vi c th c hi n cc m ch i n t tr c tin ph i thi t k m ch i n nguyn l. Thi t k m ch nguyn l l m t b c r t quan tr ng v thng qua m ch nguyn l ng i thi t k c th test m ch thng qua m t s ch c nng m ph ng c a ph n m m. V c bi t t m ch nguyn l ng i thi t k s d chuy n sang m ch in v sau khi thi t k m ch in t s thi t k ra m ch i n. Trong th c t thi t k ng i ta c th s d ng r t nhi u ph n m m thi t k m ch cng nh r t nhi u cc ph n m m m ph ng nh : protel, orcard, spice, vv. Tuy v y ty theo thi quen v m c chuyn d ng m ng i thi t k t l a ch n cc ph n m m khc nhau. Trong y kha d y s h ng d n cc b n s d ng v lm ch m t ph n m m thi t k m ch r t chuyn d ng, nhng l i r t n gi n d s d ng. V t y cc b n c th lm ch c r t nhi u cc ph n m m c p cao hn n a. 3.2.Thi t k m ch nguyn l s d ng ph n m m protel 3.2.1.Cch s d ng th vi n thi t k m ch nguyn l c a ph n m m protel Trong b n thn ph n m m c s n cc th vi n bao g m r t nhi u cc lo i linh ki n c a nhi u hng s n xu t linh ki n khc nhau. V y cu h i t ra th vi n n m u, a ra ph n m m nh th no , v s d ng n trong thi t k m ch nguyn l nh th no ? ta s l n l t tm hi u. Tr c h t ni lu gi cc th vi n: Khi ta ci t ph n m m thi t k m ch song th t i polder ni m ph n m m c ci vo s ch a cc th vi n c m c nh s n hnh v d i:

DKS_GROUP

- 25 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Ta quan st hnh v trn th c m t th m c library chnh l ni lu gi cc th vi n trong c cc th vi n ginh cho vi c thi t k m ch nguyn l l folder c tn SCH l tn vi t t t c a t shematic nguyn l. Ta s i s d ng chng trong thi t k m ch nguyn l c a mnh: Tr c h t ta b t c a s thi t k m ch nguyn l c a ph n m m ln:

DKS_GROUP

- 26 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Ca s chn th vin Tn th vin c chn

Thng th ng n u ta ch c m t th vi n th vi c thi t k m ch s c kh khn Do ta c th s d ng nhi u th vi n cng m t lc. V ta s a cc th vi n chng ta ra ngai ph n m m thu n l i cho vi c s d ng :

DKS_GROUP

- 27 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Ta lm nh hnh v d i

Nt lnh thm, bt cc th vin

Tn ca cc linh kin

Hnh nh ca linh kin trong th vin

DKS_GROUP

- 28 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Sau khi ch n nt thm b t th vi n th trn mn hnh s xu t hi n c a s :

Hnh nh cc linh kin trong th vin ca cc h ng khc nhau

Tn th vin c chn Tch v o sau khi chn song

Tch v o y nu mun loi b mt th vin

DKS_GROUP

- 29 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

V nh th ta hon thnh vi c s d ng a th vi n ra ph n m m. Tuy v y trong a s cc tr ng h p chng ta ph i c m t th vi n ring c a chnh mnh. N u c th vi n c a ring mnh th vi c thi t k c a chng ta s h t s c d dng hn v m i y c cc linh ki n m ta c n c trong thi t k v d i y ti s h ng d n cc b n t o nn th vi n ring cho mnh. Vi c t o th vi n ring c r t nhi u cch khc nhau v khng ch t o m t l n ra m t th m c sau khng th thay i c m th vi n c a chng ta s c update th ng xuyn v ngy cng y thm. T o th vi n chng ta c th t t o ra cc th vi n c a cc linh ki n b ng cch v tr c ti p trn ph n m m ho c chng ta s i siu t m cc linh ki n trong cc th vi n c a cc hng v th vi n c a mnh. T o th vi n nguyn l theo pp v trn ph n m m protel: Tr c h t chng ta b t ph n m m ln v t project tr c c a mnh chng ta s t o m t th vi n trong lun. Chng ta lm nh h ng d n c a hnh v v gio vin trn l p :

Chng ta v o File v v o new

DKS_GROUP

- 30 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Trong c a s NEW tch ch n nh hnh v :

DKS_GROUP

- 31 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Ta c m t giao di n thi t k nh hnh v d i chng ta s tm hi u cc b c thi t k theo hd n trong hnh v v th c hnh trn my.

Phn ca s thit k chnh

Cc cng c dng thit k

Ca s thm linh lin

Ni g tn linh kin

C m i khi c n thi t k m t linh ki n ta c n ph i tch vo nt thm tn linh ki n v th c hi n v linh ki n theo nh c u t o c a n v save l i . DKS_GROUP
- 32 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

V m t linh ki n ta s d ng cc cng c v c s n c a ph n m m t o ln linh ki n . Ch khi thi t k ph i th t ch th t cc chn ch c nng c a cc linh ki n trong th c t v trong thi t k . T c l thi t k ph i ph h p v i linh ki n trong th c t ngha l khi thi t k cc b n ph i c m t s hi u bi t c n thi t v linh ki n nh thi t k . T o th vi n nguyn l theo cch s d ng cc linh ki n c s n trong cc th vi n ph n m m protel: Tr c h t ta s ph i b t ph n m m protel m s n m cc th vi n ch a cc linh ki n c s n v m t c a s khc protel ni ta c n thi t k th vi n

Ca s m cc linh kin

Ta la chn ng dn ti th mc cha cc th vin v chn tt chng sau n nt chon

Thm th vin v n nt chn OK

DKS_GROUP

- 33 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Sau trong ph n m m cc b n ch n v copy cc linh ki n theo h ng d n vo th vi n c a chng ta. T c a s protel cc b n n nt open v ng d n t i thu m c ch a cc file th vi n v m chng ra sau chng ta hy lm theo hd trong hnh d i.

Ca s chng ta chn linh kin cn copy . Nu mun chn nhiu lk cc bn s dng nt Control

DKS_GROUP

- 34 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

V trong c a s ni ta ang thi t k th vi n chng ta lm nh hd

hnh v

Ta kch chut phi v patse cc lk chn v o th vin ca chng ta

DKS_GROUP

- 35 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Sau khi chng ta t o th vi n song b ng c hai cch th ta save chng vo m t folder do ta m c nh v t tn theo chng ta. Cc linh ki n trong th vi n ta thi t k c th t l i tn cc linh ki n theo mu n v tn th vi n theo mu n. Sau khi thi t k th vi n song ta s i s d ng chng trong thi t k c a mnh V m ch nguyn l Ta b t ph n m m thi t k v b t c a s thi t k m ch nguyn l theo hd n v c hnh v . trn

Ca s chn th vin ta dng tk

Ca s thit k

Sau khi thm th vi n c a ta vo v s d ng chng trong thi t k ta ti n hnh thi t k m t m ch i n t nguyn l . DKS_GROUP
- 36 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Khi s d ng ph n m m ta c th quan st thi t k theo nhi u ki u khc nhau ( zoom ) b ng cc nt ch c nng t bn phm l - phng to : Page up - thu nh : Page down - hon ton thi t k : n nt Z v ch A V nt chu t tri l dng l y lki n, t lki n, thay i m t s thng s v linh ki n. Cn nt chu t ph i dng : h y b l a ch n, k t thc cng vi c hi n hnh, Cng vi c thi t k m ch c a chng ta by gi ch l l a ch n cc linh ki n c n thi t k v b ra c a s thi t k sau ta ti n hnh s p x p theo m t trnh t h p l v n i dy cho chng l hon thnh cng vi c thi t k m ch nguyn l. Vi c l y linh ki n trong qu trinh d y s h ng d n cc b n v sau s l h ng d n cc b n m t s s hi u ch nh v n i dy cc linh ki n. Vi c ch n linh ki n c th c hi n t cc th vi n c thi t k s n . ( th c hi n d i s hd n c a gio vin ) Cch n i dy cc linh ki n l i v i nhau: Khi chng ta l y cc linh ki n t cc th vi n v s p x p chng theo m t tr t t th ta b t u cng vi c n i dy cc linh ki n l i v i nhau Vi c n i dy cc linh ki n c th c hi n b ng hai cch. L s d ng cng c n i dy c s n trn ph n

Cng c v dy

DKS_GROUP

- 37 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Trong cc m ch i n t c ph c t p cao th ng i thi t k s d ng phng php n i dy th hai l m c nh cc chn linh ki n gi ng nhau th s n i v i nhau v i n. ( HD c a gio vin ). Th c hi n song cc cng o n trn l cc b n c b n hon thnh vi c thi t k m ch nguyn l. Chc cc b n h c t p thnh cng !

4.1.T ng qut chung v vi c thi t k m ch in Khi c nh ng thi t k m ch nguyn l bi n cc m ch l thuy t trn thnh cc m ch i n t ch y th t th chng ta c n thi t k ra m t m ch in v ph n m m ny h tr ta thi t k m t m ch in chuyn d ng . Sau y chng ta s l n l t tm hi u vi c thi t k m t m ch in 4.2.Cc k thu t s d ng trong v m ch in V chn linh ki n v thay i kch th c chn linh ki n. Hnh d ng chn linh ki n N bao g m c ng knh ngoi c a chn v ng knh trong t c kch th c c a l linh ki n. Hnh d ng c a chn linh ki n c nhi u lo i nh hnh trn, hinh ch nh t hnh l c gic u ,vv..

DKS_GROUP

- 38 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

V ta c th thay c c hnh v :

i c hnh d ng c a l b ng cch nhy kp vo l linh ki n

Vi c thay d i hnh d ng l thng qua l a ch n trn hv v ta th y chn linh ki n n m trn l p Mutilayer. thay i kch th c l nh mong mu n ta ch c n nh p kch th c theo hai chi u X,Y ta s c hnh nh l nh mong mu n. K thu t ny tng i quan tr ng c p d ng trong vi c thi t k th vi n linh ki n hay DKS_GROUP
- 39 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

hi u ch nh l i trong qu trnh v m ch in. V lun nh kho ng cch chu n gi a hai chn linh ki n b t k l 2,54 mm - K thu t l a ch n (select) v sao chp i t ng Trong qu trnh thi t k m ch ni chung th vi c l a ch n v sao chp i t ng l m t cng vi c h t s c c n thi t. l a ch n i t ng th c hai cch : Ta nhy dp vo i t ng v tch ch n selection Ho c ta s d ng chu t select i t ng nh ta v n th ng lm. cch lm ny v a nhanh l i v a c th l a ch n nhi u i t ng Cn lo i b s l a ch n ta s d ng nt ch c nng trn thnh cng c

Sau khi ch n i t ng song chng ta c th di chuy n t ng v t i t ng t i m t v tr m i h p l. DKS_GROUP

- 40 -

i t ng, xoay

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Chng ta cng c th sao chp i t ng trong cng c a s th k ho c sang cc c a s thi t k khc. Ta lm nh sau: Ta l a ch n i t ng v S d ng nt Control + S cho copy v knick chu t vo i t ng . Sau ta n Control + V. Cho vi c Patse i t ng ra v t i t ng vo v tr c n thi t. Sau ta lo i b vi c l a ch n. 4.3.Thi t k m ch in Vi c thi t k m ch in chng ta cng ph i s d ng th vi n m ch in Trong ph n m m cng c s n cc th vi n pcb c a nhi u hng s n xu t. V khi thi t k ng i thi t k c th s d ng cc th vi n c s n

Th vin PCB

DKS_GROUP

- 41 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Sau y ti s h ng d n cc b n a th vi n c s n ra ph n m m protel

Sau cc bn ng dn v o th mc th vin pcb v la chn cc th vin c sn sau kch nt ADD v OK Nt a th vin pcb

Nt thm th vin PCB

DKS_GROUP

- 42 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Tuy v y cng nh trong thi t k m ch nguyn l ta mu n ch ng v th vi n phong ph thu n l i cho thi t k th ta nn thi t k cho ring ta m t th vi n PCB . V cng vi c thi t k m t th vi n pcb ring chng ta cng c hai cch th c hi n l t cc th vi n ta sao chp copy vo th vi n c a ta, v cch th hai l ta i thi t k th vi n t cc cng c h a ta v v xy d ng ln. Trong th c t ta th ng k t h p c hai cch lm ny v do ta s l n l t tm hi u 2 phng php. T o th vi n pcb t cc cng c h a c s n. Phng php ny th ng s d ng v i cc lo i linh ki n m g n nh cha c trong cc th vi n c a ph n m m. V d nh cc lo i led 7 thanh,vv t o th vi n ny ta lm nh hnh v :

DKS_GROUP

- 43 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Chng ta knick ch n File c giao di n tk nh hv :

New

v ch n file th vi n pcb sau OK v ta s

Cc thanh cng c dng v ln cc th vin pcb

Ca s thit k

Khi to mt linh kin mi ta knick chut phi nh hnh v v chn NEW Sau ta chn i tng v knick chut phi chn rename t tn linh kin theo mun

DKS_GROUP

- 44 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

y l thanh cng c dng la chn cc lp thit k . Trong toplayer l lp trn, bottomlayer l lp di, topOverlay l lp v ca linh kin, lp keepoutlayer l lp gii hn mch in, lp Multilayer l lp chn linh kin. Lu chn cc lp qua knick chn. Mi lp c mt m u tng ng v thng mc nh v c th thay i. Chng ta s r hn v cc lp trong qtrnh hc!

DKS_GROUP

- 45 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

C u thnh m t linh ki n c n 2 l p l l p TopOverlay v l p Mutilayer ( L v v chn linh ki n ). Vi c thi t k th vi n cc linh ki n th chng ta cng ph i r t t ng v cc linh ki n trong th c t v khi chng ta m i s d ng cc cng c h a v cc linh ki n. V khi thi t k linh ki n ta cng thi t k chinh xc v kch th c th cng t t. Khi thi t k cc b n nn dng th c o th t chnh xc linh ki n v v vo th vi n V d m t led 7 thanh: kch th c : r ng 1,3cm v di l 2 cm ta quan st hnh v

Mi s dng cng c v dy to khung cho linh kin thc hin trn lp Top Overlay

Ta s dng cc l ly t thanh cng c nh v sau s dng cng c Mesure Distance o khong cch gi chng v hiu chnh theo yu cu

DKS_GROUP

- 46 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Sau khi nh v song ta xa cc d u ch m s d ng d ng v linh ki n

nh v v c m t hnh

DKS_GROUP

- 47 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Lm tng t ta cng nh v v xc nh r v tr v v cc chn c a linh ki n v i kho ng cch gi a hai chn theo chu n l 2,54mm. chi ti t hn v linh ki n chng ta v ln hnh d ng c a linh ki n v c hnh v d i.

V c lm nh v y chng ta s c c m t th vi n cc linh ki n t t o c a ring chng ta trong cc thi t k .Sau y chng ta s i tm hi u m t cch t o th vi n pcb th hai T o th vi n pcb t cc th vi n c s n. ti n hnh chng ta m ph n m m v ng d n t i th m c ci d t v th vi n c a ph n m m. Chng ta l a ch n th vi n v m chng ra

DKS_GROUP

- 48 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

V khi chng ta b t th vi n ln ta s th y c bn tri m t list cc linh ki n c s n. V chng ta th c hi n cng vi c sao chp cc linh ki n ny v th vi n c a DKS_GROUP
- 49 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

chng ta. Ta l a ch n cc linh ki n t list ( n u l a ch n nhi u linh ki n ta s d ng ph i h p nt Control ) cc linh ki n c l a ch n ty theo yu c u c a cc b n. Sau ta knick chu t ph i v ch n Copy.

DKS_GROUP

- 50 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Sau khi copy song chng ta b t c a s t o th vi n pcb c a chng ta ra: B c ny c lm nh trong b c thi t k th vi n t t o.

DKS_GROUP

- 51 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Sau ta klick chu t ph i vo c s bn tri mn hnh v ch n Patse. V cng vi c siu t m th vi n c a chng ta thnh cng.Tuy v y chng ta c n hi u ch nh l i m t s thng s nh tn linh ki n, kch th c chn, th t chn linh ki n, v nhi u y u t khc ph h p v i thi t k c a chng ta v chng ta d s d ng. Cc k thu t hi u ch nhny c nu trong bi gi ng. 4.2.Thi t k m ch in 1- Chu n b cho vi c xu t m ch nguyn l sang m ch in Tr c h t khi v m ch in ta c n v m t m ch nguyn l nh trong bi gi ng tr c. T m ch nguyn l v th vi n pcb m ta thi t k . Chng ta ti n hnh xu t m ch nguyn l sang m ch in pcb. Ta b t c a s thi t k m ch v i m t m ch nguyn l v t o m i m t file thi t k pcb ( vo new ch n nh hnh v )

Sau ta m c a s file m ch in pcb ra DKS_GROUP

- 52 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

T y ta ng d n ch n th vi n pcb m chng ta s s d ng cho thi t k . Cc b c a th vi n ra ph n m m lm nh v i vi c s d ng trong cch thi t k m ch nguyn l.

DKS_GROUP

- 53 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

V ta s d ng th vi n a h t cc linh ki n m ta c n thi t k trong m ch nguyn l ra mn hnh

Trn mn hnh l cc linh ki n i di n cho cc linh ki n c m t trong m ch nguyn l. Sau b c ny chng ta lm cng vi c sao chp Footprint c a cc linh ki n trong m ch pcb sang m ch nguyn l. Nh hnh v d i

DKS_GROUP

- 54 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Nhy v o i tng xut hin menu nh hnh v bn

Sau ta knick chut phi v copy Footprint n y

Sang bn m ch nguyn l DKS_GROUP

- 55 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Nhy v o i tng xut hin menu nh hnh v bn Ta v o Footprint v Paste

Cng vi c ny s c l p l i cho t i h t l t cc linh ki n v t t c cc linh ki n trong m ch nguyn l u ph i c Footprint c a cc linh ki n trong m ch in tng ng v i n. DKS_GROUP
- 56 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

2- Xu t m ch nguyn l v sang m ch in Sau khi lm nh trn song ta ti n hnh t o file Netlist b ng cch vo Design Create Netlist.

T c a s file ny chng ta c th ki m tra l i cc linh ki n trong m ch nguyn l n i v i nhau nh th no v c ng nh thi t k c a chng ta hay khng. Sau chng ta tr v m ch nguyn l v b t u chuy n sang m ch in:

DKS_GROUP

- 57 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Sau khi Update PCB song n u cc b c trn th c hi n ng th qu trnh xu t sang m ch in s khng c v n g. N u khng ph n m m s bo l i v chng ta s s a cc l i v l i lm l i cc b c trn cho t i khi thnh cng.

Knick v o y update sang pcb

DKS_GROUP

- 58 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

V chng ta c hnh v bn d i:

Ta quan st th y hnh v bao g m cc linh ki n trong m ch in c n i v i nhau nh trong m ch nguyn l b ng cc ng n i m nh ( mang tnh ch t h ng d n ch khng ph i cc linh ki n c n i dy v i nhau r i )

DKS_GROUP

- 59 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

V ta nn s p x p l i linh ki n theo m t tr t t c a ta

cho thu n ti n hn

Sau khi ti n hnh s p x p l i linh ki n trong m ch in ta s i n i dy cc linh ki n l i v i nhau b ng cng c v dy trn thanh cng c . Khi v dy ta th c hi n v trn 1 l p l Bottom layer. V v dy chnh xc ta lun quan st l i m ch nguyn l c a chng ta.

DKS_GROUP

- 60 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

V ta c hnh v d i sau khi v dy.

DKS_GROUP

- 61 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Sau v khi v dy kch th c m c nh c a dy l nh c 0.254mm nn ta c n thay i l i kch th c dy b ng cch tch ch n t ng dy v nh p kch th c dy nh mong mu n v OK

DKS_GROUP

- 62 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

quan st r hn m ch chng ta v vo Design v vo Option

DKS_GROUP

- 63 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Ta b

i l p v linh ki n l Top Overlay ta c m ch in nh sau:

Sau ta ti n hnh v ng bao v ph t cho m ch in v ng bao ta ch n l p keepout layer v v dy bao quanh m ch in ( nh hd)

DKS_GROUP

- 64 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

ph

t ta vo place

polygon plane nh hnh v

Ta c m t menu nh hnh v d i.

DKS_GROUP

- 65 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Ta quan st mene v c th thay i kch th c c a l i (grid) m n hay c hnh dng khc nhau. Sau ch n OK v ti n hnh ph B ng cch ko v knick chu t theo ng bao m ch

t ph cng t

DKS_GROUP

- 66 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

V ta c m t m ch in :

DKS_GROUP

- 67 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Ta th y t ph cn r t st chn linh ki n do ta ch nh l i m t cht l vo Design Rule.. sau ta tng kho ng cch nh hnh v ln

Sau thay i song tich Ok v tr l i m ch in ta nhy kp vo m ch rebuil l i ph t v ta c m ch nh sau

DKS_GROUP

- 68 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Ti n hnh nh v y v chng ta c c m t m ch in n gi n u tin nh mong mu n. Vi c thi t k m ch in i h i ph i c kinh nghi m v c n c. Tuy theo kinh nghi m v th m m cch tnh ton c a m i ng i m m ch in t o ra nh th no . V nh : v hnh nh cc linh ki n, s s p x p linh ki n, cch i dy, u n l n, vv Trn y ti h ng d n cc b n cc ki n th c c b n cho vi c thi t k m t m ch in. Chc cc b n thnh cng !!!

DKS_GROUP

- 69 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

5.1.Gi i thi u Thng th ng trong qu trnh h c t p v nghin c u chng ta th ng b t u c m trn bo test, hay thi t k m ch in song chng ta s ph I I t m ch m m ch chng ta khng qu ph c t p v i h i ph I qu chuyn nghi p. Bi h c ny s h ng d n chng ta cch lm m t t m m ch in r t l th, chuyn d ng, ti n ch m gi r , ai trong chng ta cng c th t lm t i nh. 5.2.Cng tc chu n b v D ng c lm ln m t t m m ch in chng ta c n ph I c nh ng yu c u sau: ta c n c m t t m m ch in c thi t k t cc ph n m m thi t k m ch in. D ng c c n l : - Gi y th cng 7 mu ho c gi y dcan - M t bn l - T m php ng - Ha ch t g m m t m t l acid HCL, m t l H202, n c - M t khay nh v m t s d ng c khc. Trn th c t c nhi u ng i s d ng cc ha ch t khc nh FeCL3 ,vvv.. Nhng chng r t b n v kh lm. Ngoi ra ta c n ph I c khoan m ch, m hn , vv 5.3.Ti n trinh lm m ch in B c1: u tin v i m t m ch i n nguyn l v vi c s d ng cc ph n m m thi t k m ch in chuyn d ng nh: ORCAD, PROTEL,. t o ra nh ng m ch in nh mu n

DKS_GROUP

- 70 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Hnh v d i:

Sau ta c n ph i in file pcb ny sang gi y th cng. B ng cch ta c th in tr c ti p t my in b gi y th cng k p vo m t t gi y khng b k t my in v n l nh in th ta s c c b n in mong mu n ng t l v kch th c. Trong tr ng h p cc b n khng c my in ta ph I di in qun no th cc b n c n lm nh sau c c m t b n in chnh xc kh thi. Ta xu t file sang d ng file in b ng cch n l nh in n u bo n i chng ta s vo control panel ci ra m t my in o trn my chng ta v tr l i ph n m m ta n vo bi u t ng my in v c d ng:

DKS_GROUP

- 71 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

Khi xu t hi n c a s nh hnh v ta n chu t ph I vo ph n bI en v lo i b nh ng l p khng c n thi t, ch n ch mu en tr ng, hi n th l . V vo ph n copy b n in sang Word

DKS_GROUP

- 72 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

b n in ng kch th c t word ta nhy doup vo hnh v sau ta vo ph n SISE ch nh nh hnh v

i t ng v xu t hi n nh

Ta ch nh cho chi u cao v chi u r ng l 100% l c sau x p l i cop vo usb v ra c a hng in b ng gi y th cng 7 mu B c2: Sau khi c c b n in trn gi y th cng ta ti n hnh lm m ch in nh sau: ta c t php ng theo kh gi y v t p ph n c m ch xu ng php ng Sau dng bn l v khi nng ( khng qu nng n u khng s gy chy gi y ) l u tay kh p php ng. Cng o n ny i h i s kho v kinh nghi m. L cho ph n m ch in m c s in vo php ng Cng o n sau khi l xong th ta ti n hnh lo i b l p gi y kh i php ng b ng cch ngu i v cho ngm vo n c l nh sau m t th i gian dng tay kho lo v bc d n cho t i khi s ch gi y v cn l i l m ch in trn php ng. Cng o n ny i h i ph I th c t tr I nghi m v cng chnh xc sau nh ng l n lm sau. B c3: Khi c php ng in m ch r i ta ti n hnh lo i b nh ng ph n ng th a v ch gi l i nh ng ng m ch b ng cch s d ng ha ch t . Ta pha ha ch t: l y m t khay nh ng t n c s ch, sau ta cho 1 l ng acid vo cng v i m t l ng H202 vo t o nn m t dung d ch c kh nng oxi ha cao c th n mn c ng. Pha ch d ng d ch ny cng i h i kinh nghi m nhng u tin ta cho 1 l ng n c nhi u hn 2 ch t kia v ty theo m ch in to hay nh . Sau m t th i gian quan st th y m ch in c n mn u song ta l y ra v r a s ch chng. V ta s I lm s ch m c in cn l i ng

DKS_GROUP

- 73 -

www.EmbestDKS.com

DKS_GROUP

Microcontroller Tranning Center

C nhi u cch lm s ch cc ng m c nh: s d ng cc lo i gi y gip m m v r a nh tuy nhin s t nhi u gy m ng dy ng. Ta c th s d ng xng t y v th t d dng. B c4: Sau khi c c t m m ch in ta I v cng vi c cu i cng l hon thi n n b ng cch dng cc khoan tay hay my v i cc mi khoan khc nhau ty theo l chn linh ki n trong thi t k v khoan l Sau khi khoan song ta s d ng h n h p xng nh a thng pha ch s n qut ln m ch v v a t o bng v v a ch ng oxi ha ng v m ch ta c b o qu n lu di. Khi qut song ta c n phI hay s y kh m ch v ch c n c m linh ki n ln v hn theo ng thi t k ta s c c t m m ch in nh mong mun v test m ch ch y Ch ta c n ki m tra xem m ch in co sai hay b t u khng do l cha t t n u c ta ph I hn l i v test m ch Cng nh c thm cc b n h n h p xng nh a thng c pha ch t xng v nha thng khi tn nh v cho vo xng. X ng s ha tan nh a thng v v i m t t l thch h p n s cho ta m t h n h p t t cho m ch in v a ch ng oxi ha m ch v a lm bng m ch l i lm cho m i hn c a chng ta u, cch i n t t. Trn y tI trnh by v n t t cch lm m t m ch in ph c v cho cc b n. Lm m ch in cng i h i cc b n ph I th c hnh v tch ly thm kinh nghi m v t t th nh ng t m m ch in m cc b n lm ra cng c th so snh v i nh ng t m m ch in b n t v l i ti n ch kinh t . M i th c m c xin lin l c v i ti l Nguy n c Hu n theo Email: nguyenduchuan1984@yahoo.com Hay Tel: 0983044936 C m n cc b n !

DKS_GROUP

- 74 -

www.EmbestDKS.com