1

MT S DNG TON V S PHC

Bin son: NGUYN TRUNG KIN
I) DNG I S CA S PHC
Dng 1) Bi ton lin quan n bin i s phc
V d 1) Tm s nguyn x, y sao cho s phc z=x+yi tho mn
3
18 26 z i = +
Gii:
3
18 26 z i = + ( ) ( ) ( )
3 2
3
2 3 3 2
2 3
3 18
18 26 18 3 26 3
3 26
x xy
x yi i x y y x xy
x y y
=

+ = + =

Gii phng trnh bng cch t y=tx ta c
1
3, 1
3
t x y = = = . Vy z=3+i
V d 2) Cho hai s phc
1 2
; z z tho mn
1 2 1 2
1; 3 z z z z = = + = Tnh
1 2
z z
Gii:
t
1 1 1 2 2 2
; z a bi z a b i = + = + . T gi thit ta c
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2
2 2
1 2 1 2
1
3
a b a b
a a b b
+ = + =

+ + + =

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
2 1 1 1 a b a b a a b b z z + = + = =
Dng 2) Bi ton lin quan n nghim phc
V d 1) Gii phng trnh sau:
2
8(1 ) 63 16 0 z i z i + =
Gii: Ta c ( )
2
2
' 16(1 ) (63 16 ) 63 16 1 8 i i i i A = = = T tm ra 2 nghim l
1 2
5 12 , 3 4 z i z i = = +
V d 2) Gii phng trnh sau:
2
2(1 ) 4(2 ) 5 3 0 i z i z i + =
Gii: Ta c A = 4(2 i)
2
+ 2(1 + i)(5 + 3i) = 16. Vy phng trnh cho hai nghim l:
z
1
= i
i i
i
i
i
i
2
5
2
3
2
) 1 )( 4 (
1
4
) 1 ( 2
4 ) 2 ( 2
=

=
+

=
+
+

z
2
= i
i i
i
i
i
i
2
1
2
1
2
) 1 )( (
1 ) 1 ( 2
4 ) 2 ( 2
=

=
+

=
+


V d 3) Gii phng trnh
3 2
9 14 5 0 z z z + =
Gii: Ta c phng trnh tng ng vi ( )( )
2
2 1 4 5 0 z z z + = . T ta suy ra
phng trnh c 3 nghim l
1 2 3
1
; 2 ; 2
2
z z i z i = = = +
V d 4) Gii phng trnh:
3 2
2 5 3 3 (2 1) 0 z z z z i + + + + = bit phng trnh c
nghim thc
Gii: V phng trnh c nghim thc nn
3 2
2 5 3 3 0
2 1 0
z z z
z
+ + =

+ =

1
2
z

= tho mn c
hai phng trnh ca h:Phng trnh cho tng ng vi
( )( )
2
2 1 3 3 0 z z z i + + + = . Gii phng trnh ta tm c
1
; 2 ; 1
2
z z i z i = = = +
2
V d 5) Gii phng trnh:
3 2
(1 2 ) (1 ) 2 0 z i z i z i + + = bit phng trnh c
nghim thun o:
Gii: Gi s nghim thun o ca phng trnh l z=bi thay vo phng trnh ta c
( ) ( )
3 2
2 3 2
(1 2 ) (1 )( ) 2 0 ( ) ( 2 2) 0 bi i bi i bi i b b b b b i + + = + + + =
2
3 2
0
1
2 2 0
b b
b z i
b b b
=

= =

+ + =

l nghim, t ta c phng trnh tng

ng vi ( ) ( )
2
(1 ) 2 0 z i z i z + + = . Gii pt ny ta s tm c cc nghim
V d 6) Tm nghim ca phng trnh sau:
2
z z = .
Gii: Gi s phng trnh c nghim: z=a+bi thay vo ta c ( )
2
a bi a bi + = +
2 2
2
a b a
ab b
=

Gii h trn ta tm c
1 3
( , ) (0;0), (1;0), ( ; )
2 2
a b = . Vy phng
trnh c 4 nghim l
1 3
0; 1;
2 2
z z z i = = =
Dng 3) Cc bi ton lin quan n modun ca s phc:
V d 1) Tm cc s phc z tho mn ng thi cc iu kin sau:
1 2 2 z i z i + = + v 5 z i =
Gii:
Gi s z=x+yi (x,y l s thc) .T gi thit ta c
1 ( 2) 2 (1 )
( 1) | 5
x y i x y i
x y i
+ + = +

+ =

( )
( )
2
2 2 2
2
2
1 ( 2) ( 2) (1 )
1 5
x y x y
x y

+ + = +

+ =

2
3
10 6 4 0
y x
x x
=

1, 3 x y = = hoc
2 6
,
5 5
x y = = . Vy c 2 s phc tho mn iu kin.
V d 2) Xt s phc z tho mn ;
1 ( 2 )
i m
z m R
m m i

= e


a) Tm m
1
.
2
z z =
b)Tm m
1
4
z i s
c) Tm s phc z c modun ln nht.
Gii:
a) Ta c
( ) ( )
( )( )
( )
2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
1 2
(1 ) 2 (1 2 )
1 2 1 2 1 2
1 4
i m m mi
i m m m m m m
z
m mi m mi m mi
m m

+ + +
= = =
+ +
+

( )
2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2
(1 ) (1 ) 1 1
1 1 1 1
1
m m i m m m
i z i
m m m m
m
+ + +
= = + =
+ + + +
+

3
( )
2
2
2
2
1 1 1
. 1 2 1
2 2
1
m
z z m m
m
+
= = + = =
+

b) Ta c
2
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
1
4 1 1 4 1 1 4
m m m
z i i i
m m m m
| |
s + s s
|
+ + + +
\ .

2 4 2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
16 1
(1 ) (1 ) 16 1 6 15 15
m m m
m m m
m m m
+ s s s + s s
+ + +

c) Ta c
( )
2
max 2
2 2
1 1
1 | | 1 0
1 1
m
z z m
m m
+
= = s = =
+ +

V d 3) Trong cc s phc z tho mn iu kin 2 4 5 z i = Tm s phc z c
modun ln nht, nh nht.
Gii: Xt s phc z = x+yi . T gi thit suy ra ( ) ( )
2 2
2 4 5 x y + = Suy ra tp hp
im M(x;y) biu din s phc z l ng trn tm I(2;4) bn knh 5 R =
D dng c c (2 5 sin ; 4 5 cos ) M + + . Modun s phc z chnh l di vc t
OM.
Ta c |z|
2
=
2 2 2
(2 5 sin ) (4 5 cos ) 25 4 5(sin 2cos ) OM = + + + = + +
Theo BDT Bunhiacopxki ta c
( )
2 2 2
(sin 2cos ) (1 4) sin cos 5 + s + + =
5 sin 2cos 5 s + s 5 3 5 z s s . Vy
min
1 2
| | 5 sin 2cos 5 sin ; cos 1, 2 1 2
5 5
z x y z i

= + = = = = = = +
max
1 2
| | 3 5 sin 2cos 5 sin ; cos 3, 6 3 6
5 5
z x y z i = + = = = = = = +

V d 4) Trong cc s phc tho mn iu kin 2 4 2 z i z i = .Tm s phc z c
moodun nh nht.
Gii: Xt s phc z = x+yi . T gi thit suy ra
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2
2 4 2 4 0 x y x y x y + = + + = Suy ra tp hp im M(x;y) biu din
s phc z l ng thng y=-x+4
Ta c
2 2 2 2 2 2
(4 ) 2 8 16 2( 2) 8 2 2 z x y x x x x x = + = + = + = + > . T suy
min
2 2 2 2 2 2 z x y z i = = = = +
Dng 4) Tm tp hp im biu din s phc
V d 1) Tm tp hp cc im M trong mt phng phc biu din s phc z bit:
a) 3
z
z i
=

b) 3 4 z z i = + c) 4 z i z i + + =
Gii:
Gi z=x+yi
4
a) T gi thit ta c
2 2 2 2 2 2
9 9
3 9( ( 1) ) ( )
8 64
z z i x y x y x y = + = + + =
Vy tp hp im M l ng trn tm
9 3
(0; ),
8 8
I R =
b) T gi thit ta c ( )
2
2 2 2
3 (4 ) 6 8 25 x y x y x y + = + + = . Vy tp hp cc im
M l ng thng 6x+8y-25=0
c) Gi s z =x+yi th 4 z i z i + + = ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
1 1 4 x y x y + + + + =
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2
1 16 1 4
2 1 4
1 16 8 1 1
x y x y
x y y
x y x y x y

+ + s + + s



+ = +
+ = + + + + +

( )
( )
2
2
2
2
2 2
2 2 2
1 16(1)
1 16
4 4 8 4 8 16 1(2)
3 4
4
4(3)
x y
x y
x y
x y y y y
y
y

+ + s

+ + s

+ + + = + + + =


>
>

Ta thy cc im nm trong hnh trn (1) v Elip (2) v tung cc im nm trn (Elip)
lun tho mn iu kin y >-4. Vy tp hp im M l Elip c pt
2 2
1
3 4
x y
+ = .
C2) Gi M l im biu din s phc z. Xt im
1 2
; F F biu din s phc
1 2
; z i z i = = .Ta thy hai im
1 2
; F F nm trn trc thc Ox. Ta c
4 z i z i + + = ;
1 2 1 2
4; 2 MF MF F F + = = . Vy tp hp cc im M l Elip c trc ln
bng 4 v trc b bng 2 3
Suy ra phng trnh Elip l
2 2
1
3 4
x y
+ =


V d 2) Tm tp hp cc im biu din trong mt phng phc s
phc
( )
1 3 2 i z = + + bit rng s phc z tho mn: 1 z s 2.
Gii: t ( ) , z a bi a b R = + e
Ta c 1 z s 2 ( )
2
2
1 4 a b + s (1)
T
( ) ( )
( )
3 2 3 1 3
1 3 2 1 3 2
3 3 3( 1)
x a b x a b
i z x yi i a bi
y a b y a b

= + = +

= + + + = + + +

= + = +


T ( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
2
3 3 4 1 16 x y a b
(
+ s + s

do (1)
Vy tp hp cc im cn tm l hnh trn ( )
( )
2
2
3 3 16 x y + s ; tm
( )
3; 3 I , bn
knh R=4.
5
V d 3) Xc nh tp hp cc im M(z) trong mt phng phc biu din cc s
phc z sao cho s
2
2
z
z

+
c acgumen bng
3

.
Gii:
Gi s z=x+yi, th
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
2 2 2 2
2 2
2
x yi x yi x yi z
z x yi
x y
+ + + ( ( +

= =
+ + +
+ +

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
4 2 2 4 4
2 2 2
x y yi x x x y y
i
x y x y x y
+ + + + +
= = +
+ + + +
(1)
V s phc
2
2
z
z

+
c acgumen bng
3

, nn ta c:
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
4 4
cos sin
3 3
2 2
x y y
i i
x y x y

+ | |
+ = +
|
\ . + +
vi 0 >
( )
( )
2 2
2
2
2
2
4
2
2
4 3
2
2
x y
x y
y
x y

+
=

T suy ra y>0 (1) v
2 2
2 2 2
2 2
4 4 2 4
3 4 (2)
4 3 3 3
y y
x y x y
x y
| | | |
= + = + =
| |
+
\ . \ .
.T (1) v (2) suy ra
tp hp cc im M l ng trn tm nm pha trn trc thc(Trn trc Ox).
Dng 5) Chng minh bt ng thc:
V d 1) Chng minh rng nu 1 z s th
2 1
1
2
z
iz

s
+

Gii:
Gi s z =a+bi (a, b eR) th
2 2 2 2
1 1 z a b a b = + s + s . Ta c
2 2
2 2
4 (2 1) 2 1 2 (2 1)
2 (2 )
(2 )
a b z a b i
iz b ai
b a
+ +
= =
+ +
+
.Bt ng thc cn chng minh tng ng
vi
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
4 (2 1)
1 4 (2 1) (2 ) 1
(2 )
a b
a b b a a b dpcm
b a
+
s + s + + s
+

V d 2) Cho s phc z khc khng tho mn iu kin
3
3
1
2 z
z
+ s . Chng minh
rng:
1
2 z
z
+ s
Gii: D dng chng minh c vi 2 s phc
1 2
, z z bt k ta c
1 2 1 2
z z z z + s +
6
Ta c
3 3
3 3
3 3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3 3 2 3 z z z z z z z
z z z z z z z
| | | |
+ = + + + + s + + + s + +
| |
\ . \ .

t
1
z
z
+ =a ta c ( )( )
2
3
3 2 0 2 1 0 a a a a dpcm s + s
II) DNG LNG GIC CA S PHC
Dng 1: VIT DNG LNG GIC
V d 1) Vit di dng lng gic ca cc s phc:
a)
( ) 1 cos sin
1 cos sin
i
i


+
+ +
b) ( ) ( ) 1 cos sin 1 cos sin i i + + + (


Gii:
a)
( ) ( )
( )
1 cos sin 1 cos sin
1 cos sin 1 cos sin
i i
i i


+
=
+ + + +

2
2
2sin 2 sin cos sin cos
2 2 2 2 2
tan tan
2 2
2cos 2 sin cos cos sin
2 2 2 2 2
i i
i
i i




= = =
+ +

- Khi tan 0
2

> dng lng gic l: tan cos sin

2 2 2
i
( | | | |
+
| | (
\ . \ .

- Khi tan 0
2

< dng lng gic l: tan cos sin

2 2 2
i
( | | | |
+
| | (
\ . \ .

- Khi tan 0
2

= th khng c dng lng gic.

( ) ( ) ) 1 cos sin 1 cos sin
2sin sin cos .cos cos sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
b i i
i i


+ + + (

| | | |
= +
| |
\ . \ .

2sin cos isin
2 2


( | | | |
= +
| | (
\ . \ .

- Khi sin 0 = th dng lng gic khng xc nh.
- Khi sin 0 > th dng lng gic l: 2sin cos sin
2 2
i


( | | | |
+
| | (
\ . \ .

- Khi sin 0 < th dng lng gic l: ( 2sin ) cos sin
2 2
i


( | | | |
+ + +
| | (
\ . \ .

V d 2) Vit dng lng gic ca s phc sau:
a)
( )
( ) 1 3 1 z i i = + b) cos sin 1
3 3
z i
| | | |
= +
| |
\ . \ .

Gii:
7
a) Ta c
1 2
1 3
1 3 2 2 cos i sin ; 1 2 cos i sin
2 2 3 3 4 4
z i i z i

| |
( | | | | | |
= + = + = + = = +
|
| | | (
|
\ . \ . \ .
\ .

1 2
. 2 2 cos sin 2 2 cos i sin
3 4 3 4 12 12
z z z i
(
| | | | | |
= = + = +
| | | (
\ . \ . \ .

b)
2
cos sin 1 2 os 2 sin .cos 2cos cos sin
3 3 6 6 6 6 6 6
z i c i i
| | | | (
= + = = =
| |
(
\ . \ .

2cos cos sin
6 6 6
i
(
| | | |
+
| | (
\ . \ .


Dng 2: MUN V ACGUMEN
V d 1) Tm phn thc v phn o ca s phc z, bit
2
2 2 3 z i = +
Gii: Ta c:
2 2
2 2
2 2 3 4 cos sin
3 3
z i z i
| |
= + = +
|
\ .

Do :
2 2
2 2
2 2 3 4 cos sin
3 3
z i z i
| |
= + = +
|
\ .

2 2
2 cos sin
1 3 3 3
1 3
2 cos sin
3 3
z i
z i
z i
z i


| |
= +
|

= +
\ .

| | =

= +
|
\ .

T suy ra phn thc v phn o ca z tng ng l 1 v 3 hoc -1 v 3
V d 2) Tm mt acgumen ca s phc:
( )
1 3 z i + bit mt acgumen ca z
bng
3

Gii: z c mt acgumen bng
3

nn
1 3
2 2
z z i
| |
= +
|
|
\ .

Do :
( )
1 3 z i + =
1 3
( 2)
2 2
z i
| |
+
|
|
\ .

- Khi 2 z > , mt aacgumen ca
( )
1 3 z i + l
3

- Khi 0 2 z < < , mt acgumen ca
( )
1 3 z i + l
4
3

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- Khi 2 z = th
( )
1 3 z i + =0 nn acgumen khng xc nh.
V d 3) Cho s phc z c mun bng 1. Bit mt acgumen ca z l , tm mt
acgumen ca:
8
a)
2
2z b)
1
2z
c) z z + d)
2
z z +
Gii:
1 z = , z c mt acgumen l . Do cos sin z i = +
a) ( ) ( )
2 2
cos 2 sin 2 2 2 cos 2 sin 2 2 2 cos sin z i z i z i = + = + =
Vy 2z
2
c mt acgumen l 2
b) ( ) cos sin cos sin 2 2 cos sin z i z i z i = + = =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
cos sin cos sin
2 2 2
1 1 1
cos sin cos sin
2 2 2
i i
z
i i
z


= = +
= = + + +

Vy
1
2z
c mt acgumen l +
c) Ta c: 2cos z z + =
Nu cos 0 > th c mt acgumen l 0
Nu cos 0 < th c mt acgumen l
Nu cos 0 = th acgumen khng xc nh.
d)
2
cos 2 sin 2 , cos sin z z i z i + = + =
( )
2
3 3
cos 2 cos sin 2 sin 2cos cos .2cos sin
2 2 2 2
3
2cos cos sin
2 2 2
z z i i
i



+ = + + = +
| |
= +
|
\ .

Vy acgumen
2
z z + l
2

nu
3
cos 0
2

> , l
2

+ nu
3
cos 0
2

< v khng xc nh
nu
3
cos 0
2

=
V d 4) Cho s phc 1 cos sin
7 7
z i

= . Tnh mun, acgumen v vit z di
dng lng gic.
Gii:
Ta c:
2
2
8 4
1 cos sin 2 1 cos 2 1 cos 2cos
7 7 7 7 7
z
| | | | | |
= + = = + =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

t ( ) arg z = th
2
8
sin sin
4
7 7
tan cot tan
4
7 14
1 cos 2sin
7 7

| |
= = = =
|
\ .

Suy ra: ,
14
k k z

= + e
9
V phn thc 1 cos 0
7

> , phn o sin 0

7

< nn chn mt acgumen l

14

Vy
4
2cos cos i sin
7 14 14
z
| | | | | |
= +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

V d 5) Vit di dng lng gic ca mt s phc z sao cho
1
3
z = v mt
acgumen ca
1
z
i +
l
3
4

Gii:
Theo gi thit
1
3
z = th ( )
1
cos sin
3
z i = +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
cos sin cos sin
3 3
z i i = = +
V
1 2
1 2 2 cos sin
2 2 4 4
i i i

| |
| |
+ = + = +
|
|
|
\ .
\ .

Nn
1
os sin
1 4 4 3 2
z
c i
i


| | | | | |
= +
| | |
+
\ . \ . \ .

Do :
3
2 2 , .
4 4 2
k k k

= + = + eZ vy
1
os sin .
3 2 2
z c i
| |
= +
|
\ .

V d 6) Tm s phc z sao cho:
3
1
z i
z i
+
=
+
v z+1 c mt cgumen l
6

Gii: T gi thit
3
1
z i
z i
+
=
+
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
3 ( 3) ( 1) 3 1
2
z i z i x y i x y i x y x y
y
+ = + + + = + + + + = + +
=

z+1 c 1 acgumen bng
6

tc l
( )
1 [ os sin ] 3
6 6 2
z c i i

| | | |
+ = + =
| |
\ . \ .
vi r>0.
Ta c z+1=x+1-2i suy ra
3
1
4
2
2 3 1 2
2 3 1
2
2
x
z i
x

+ =

=

=

=

=

Dng 3) NG DNG S PHC TRONG BI TON T HP
V d 1) Tnh cc tng sau khi n=4k+1
a)
0 2 4 2 2 2
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
.......
n n
n n n n n
S C C C C C

+ + + + +
= + +
b)
1 3 5 2 1 2 1
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
.......
n n
n n n n n
S C C C C C
+
+ + + + +
= + +
Gii:
Xt
( )
2 1
0 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 0 2 2 1 3 2 1
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
1 ..... ... ( .. )
n
n n n n
n n n n n n n n n n
i C iC i C i C C C C i C C C
+
+ + +
+ + + + + + + + + +
+ = + + + + = + + +
Mt khc ta li c:
10
( )
2 1
2 1 (2 1) (2 1)
1 2 cos sin 1 2 cos sin
4 4 4 4
n
n n n
i i i i

+
+ + + | | (
+ = + + = +
|
(
\ .

=
(2 1) (2 1) (8 3) (8 3)
2 2 cos sin 2 2 cos sin
4 4 4 4
n n
n n k k
i i
+ + + + ( (
+ = +
( (


3 3
2 2 cos sin 2 2
4 4
n n n
i i
(
= + = +
(


T ta c
a) S=-2
n

b) S=2
n

V d 2) Tnh cc tng hu hn sau:
a)
2 4 6
1 ..........
n n n
S C C C = + +
b)
1 3 5 7
..........
n n n n
S C C C C = + +
Gii:
Xt ( )
0 1 2 2 2 4 1 3 5 7
1 ..... 1 ... ( ....)
n
n n
n n n n n n n n n n
i C iC i C i C C C i C C C C + = + + + + = + + + +
( ) 1 2 cos sin 1 2 cos sin
4 4 4 4
n
n n n
i i i i
| | (
+ = + + = +
|
(
\ .

T ta c kt qu
a) 2 cos
4
n
n
S

= b) 2 sin
4
n
n
S

=
V d 3) Chng minh rng:
3 6
1
1 ... 2 2cos
3 3
n
n n
n
C C
| |
+ + + = +
|
\ .

Gii: Ta c
0 1 2 3
2 ....
n n
n n n n n
C C C C C = + + + + (1)
Xt
3
2 2
cos sin 1
3 3
i

= + =
Ta c
( )
0 1 2 2 0 1 2 2 3 4
1 ...... .....
n
n n
n n n n n n n n n
C C C C C C C C C + = + + + = + + + + + (2)
( )
2 0 2 1 4 2 2 0 2 1 2 3 2 4
1 ...... .....(3)
n
n n
n n n n n n n n n
C C C C C C C C C + = + + + = + + + + +
Ta c
2 2
1 0;1 os sin ;1 os sin
3 3 3 3
c i c i

+ + = + = + = +
Cng (1) (2) (3) theo v ta c
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 0 3 6 0 3 6
2 1 1 3 ... 2 2cos 3 ...
3
n
n
n n
n n n n n n
n
C C C C C C

+ + + + = + + + + = + + +
3 6
1
1 ... 2 2cos
3 3
n
n n
n
C C
| |
+ + + = +
|
\ .

) GII H BNG CCH S DNG TNH CHT CA S PHC.
V d 1) Gii h phng trnh vi nghim l s thc:
3 2
3 2
3 1
3 3
x xy
y x y
=

11
Gii: y l h ng cp bc ba. Tuy nhin, nu gii bng phng php thng thng ta
s i n gii phng trnh bc ba:
3 2
3 3 3 3 1 0 t t t + = . Phng trnh ny khng c
nghim c bit
Xt s phc . z x iy = + V
( )
3 3 2 2 3
3 3 z x xy i x y y = + , nn t h cho ta c:
3
2 2
1 3 2 cos sin
3 3
z i i
| |
= + = +
|
\ .
, ta tm c 3 gi tr ca z l:
3 3 3
2 2 8 8 14 14
2 cos sin , 2 cos sin , 2 cos sin
9 9 9 9 9 9
i i i
| | | | | |
+ + +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

T suy ra h cho c 3 nghim l: {x =
3 3 3
3 3 3
2 8 14
2 cos 2 cos 2 cos
9 9 9
; ;
2 8 14
2 sin 2 sin 2 sin
9 9 9
x x x
y y y



= = =




= = =



V d 2) Gii h phng trnh trong tp s phc:
4 2 2 4
3 3
6 3
1
4
x x y y
x y y x

+ =

Gii: Xt s phc . z x iy = + V
( )
4 4 2 2 4 3 3
6 4 3 z x x y y i x y y x = + + , nn t h cho
suy ra:

4
3 2 cos sin
6 6
z i i
| |
= + = +
|
\ .
(*)
Cc s phc tha mn (*):
4 4 4 4
13 13 25 25 37 37
2 cos sin , 2 cos sin , 2 cos sin , 2 cos sin
24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24
i i i i
| | | | | | | |
+ + + +
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .
vy cc nghim cn tm ca h l:
4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4
13 25 37
2 cos 2 cos 2 cos 2 cos
24 24 24 24
; ; ;
13 25 37
2 sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 sin
24 24 24 24
x x x x
y y y y



= = = =




= = = =



V d 3) Gii h phng trnh vi nghim vi
2 2
2 2
16 11
7
, :
11 16
1
x y
x
x y
x y
x y
y
x y

+ =

e

+

Gii: K:
2 2
0 x y + = . t . z x iy = + Ta c:
2 2
1 x yi
z x y

=
+

V hai s phc bng nhau khi v ch khi phn thc bng nhau v phn o bng nhau, nn
h cho tng ng vi:
12
( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2
16 11 11 16
7 16 11 7
16 11
7 7 16 11 0
x y x y x iy x iy
x i y i x yi i i
x y x y x y x y
i
z i z i z i
z
| | +
+ + = + + =
|
+ + + +
\ .

+ = + =

Phng trnh ( )
2
7 16 11 0 z i z i + = c 2 nghim 2 3 , 5 2 z i z i = = + nn h cho c
cc nghim: ( ) ( ) ; 2; 3 x y = hoc ( ) ( ) ; 5; 2 x y =
Ch : Mun gii c cc h phng trnh bng phng php s dng s phc, cn nh
mt cng thc c bn ca s phc, c bit l vi mi s phc z x iy = + th ta c
2 2
x y + l phng trnh mun v
2 2
1 z x iy
z zz x y

= =
+

V d 4) Gii h phng trnh vi nghim vi
3
10 1 3
5
, :
3
1 1
5
x
x y
x y
y
x y
| |
+ =
|
+
\ .
e

| |

=
|

+
\ .

Gii: T h suy ra 0, 0 x y > > .
Bi h ny khng c ngay dng nh trn, tuy nhin vi mc ch chuyn mu v dng
bnh phng mun ca s phc, ch cn t 5 , u x v y = = vi , 0 u v > .
H cho c dng:
2 2
2 2
3 3
1
2
3
1 1
u
u v
v
u v
| |
+ =
|
+
\ .

| |

=
|

+
\ .

t z u iv = + . Ta c:
2 2
1 u vi
z u v

=
+
. H cho tng ng vi:
( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
3 3 3 3
1 1 3
2 2
3 3 2 2
2 3 2 2 6 0(*)
2
u iv
u iv i u iv i
u v u v u v
i
z z i z
z
| | | |
+ + = + + =
| |
+ + +
\ . \ .

+ + + =

Gii pt(*), ta c:
( )
2
' 34 12 2 2 6 i i A = = , suy ra cc nghim l
2 2
2 2 ,
2
i
z i z
+
= =
V , 0 u v > nn
2 2
2
i
z
+
= , do
2 1
, 1 , 1
2 10
u v x y = = = =
Vy nghim cn tm l ( )
1
; ;1
10
x y
| |
=
|
\ .

13
V d 5) Gii h phng trnh vi nghim vi
12
1 2
3
, :
12
1 6
3
x
x y
x y
y
x y
| |
=
|
+
\ .
e

| |

+ =
|

+
\ .

Gii: T h suy ra 0, 0 x y > > . t ( ) 3 , , 0 u x v y u v = = > .
H cho c dng:
2 2
2 2
12
1 2 3
12
1 6
u
u v
v
u v
| |
=
|
+
\ .

| |

+ =
|

+
\ .
.
t z u iv = + . Ta c:
2 2
1 u vi
z u v

=
+
. H cho tng ng vi:
T h cho ta c
2 2 2 2
12 12
1 1 2 3 6 u iv
u v u v
| | | |
+ + = +
| |
+ +
\ . \ .

( )
2 2
2
12
12 2 3 6 2 3 6
2 3 3 12 0(*)
u iv
u iv i z i
u v z
z i z

+ = + = +
+
+ =

Gii pt(*), ta c
( )
2
' 6 6 3 3 3 i i A = + = +
suy ra cc nghim
( ) ( )
3 3 3 3 , 3 3 3 3 z i z i = + + + = +
V , 0 u v > nn ta c 3 3, 3 3 u v = + = + , suy ra nghim ca h
l: ( )
( )
; 4 2 3;12 6 3 x y = + + .


MT S BI TP T LUYN
1) Gii phng trnh sau trn tp s phc:
3
) a z z = ) 3 4 b z z i + = + ( )
2
2
) 4 3 c z z i =
2
) 2 1 0 d z z i + + =
2
) 4 5 0 e z z + + =
2
)(1 ) 2 11 0 f i z i + + + =
2
) 2( ) 4 0 g z z z + + =
2) Tm s thc x tho mn bt phng trnh:
) 1 4 2 5
x
a i

+ s
2
1 7
) log 1
4
i
b x
+
s
2
1 2 2
)1 log 0
2 1
x i
c
| + + |
>
|

\ .

3) Tm s phc z sao cho ( 2)( ) A z z i = + l s thc
4) Tm s phc z tho mn iu kin
7
5;
1
z i
z
z
+
=
+
l s thc
5) Tm tp hp cc im M trong mt phng phc biu din cc s phc z tho mn
iu kin
( )
2
2
) 9 a z z =
2
) 4
2
z i
b
z i

=
+
)3 3 c z i z z i + = + ) 3 4 2 d z i + = ) 1 e z z i + > +
14
) 4 3 f z z i = +
2
) 1
2
z i
g
z i

>
+
)2 2 h z i z z i = +
1
3
2 2
) log ( ) 1
4 2 1
z
k
z
+
>


6) Trong cc s phc tho mn iu kin
3
2 3
2
z i + = . Tm s phc z c modun ln
nht,nh nht.
7) Tm s phc z tho mn iu kin ( )( ) 1 2 z z i + l s thc v z nh nht.
8) Tm mt acgumen ca s phc z khc 0 bit z z i z + =
9) Tm s phc z tho mn
2
2 z z + = v 2 z =
10) Gii h pt sau trong tp s phc:
2 2
2 2
)
4
z i z z i
a
z z
= +

1 2
1 2
3
) 1 1 3
5
z z i
b i
z z
+ =

+ =

2
1 2
2
2 1
1 0
)
1 0
z z
c
z z
+ =

+ =

12 5
8 3
)
4
1
8
z
z i
d
z
z

=

3 2
2010 2011
2 2 1 0
)
1 0
z z z
e
z z
+ + + =

+ + =

11) Cho phng trnh
3 2
2 (2 1) (9 1) 5 0 z i z i z i + + + = c nghim
thc. Hy tm tt c cc nghim ca phng trnh.
12) Tm phn thc phn o ca
2011
2011
1
w
w
z = + bit
1
w 1
w
+ =
13) Tm n nguyn dng cc s phc sau l s thc, s o:
2 6
)
3 3
n
i
a z
i
| |
+
=
|
|
+
\ .

4 6
)
1 5
n
i
b z
i
+ | |
=
|
+
\ .

7
)
4 3
n
i
c z
i
+ | |
=
|

\ .

3 3
)
3 3
n
i
d z
i
| |

=
|
|

\ .

14) Cho n nguyn dng, chng minh rng
( )
0 2 4 6 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2
3 9 27 ..... 3 2 cos
3
n
n n
n n n n n
n
C C C C C

+ + + =
15) Tm s phc z sao cho 2 z z = v mt acgumen ca z-2 bng mt acgumen
ca z+2 cng vi
2

16) Gii phng trnh
a)
2 2 0
0
2
tan 10 4 2
os10
z
z i
c
= + + b)
2 2 0
0
2
cot 12 6 7
sin12
z
z i = + +
17) Tm s phc z tho mn ( ) 2 26 z i + = v . 25 z z = .
18) Cho s phc z tha mn:
7
1
2
z
z
z

+ =

. Tnh
2 z i
z i
+

19) Tm s phc z tha mn: 2 2 z i z z = + v
1 3i
z

c mt acgumen l
2
3

15
20) Cho s phc
1 2
; z z tha mn iu kin
1 2 1 2
0 z z z z = = > . Tnh gi tr ca
biu thc
4 4
1 2
2 1
z z
P
z z
| | | |
= +
| |
\ . \ .

21) Cho hai s phc z, z tha mn ' 1 z z = = v ' 3 z z + = .
Tnh ' z z
22) Cho s phc z tha mn iu kin 1 z = . Tm GTLN, GTNN ca
1 31 P z z = + +
23) Tm s phc z tha mn ng thi cc iu kin: 2 1 z i z i + = + v
1
2
z i
z i
+
+
l mt
s thun o
24) Xt s phc z tha mn iu kin : 3 1 z i = , tm gi tr nh nht ca z .
25) Tm s phc z tho mn ( ) 2 26 z i + = v . 25 z z = .
26) Bit phng trnh: ( )
2
1 ( ) 1 0 i x m i x im + + + + = khng c nghim thc . Tm cc
gi tr c th c ca m
26) Cho z l s phc tha mn:
2
z
R
z
e v 2 3 z z = . Tnh z
27) Cho s phc z tha mn: 1 z = . Tm GTLN, GTNN ca cc biu thc:
a) 1 31 A z z = + + b)
2
1 1 B z z z = + + +