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CC DNG B SINH HC TRONG X L NC THI

VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG

S lc qua trnh sinh hoc Qua trnh sinh hoc Muc ch : - Chuyen hoa (oxy hoa) cac chat hoa tan va cac chat de phan huy sinh hoc thanh nhng san pham cuoi cung co the chap nhan c. - Hap phu va ket tu can l lng va chat keo khong lang thanh bong sinh hoc hay mang sinh hoc - Chuyen hoa/ kh chat dinh dng (N va P ) - Trong mot so trng hp kh nhng hp chat va nhng thanh phan hu c dang vet.

S lc qua trnh sinh hoc

Vai tro cua vi sinh vat trong x ly nc thai - Kh cac chat hoa tan, BOD Cacbon va on nh hp chat hu

c trong nc thai Nhieu loai vi sinh, chu yeu la vi khuan oxy hoa hp chat hu c cha Cacbon hoa tan thanh nhng san pham n gian va sinh sinh khoi.

thc hin qua trnh oxy sinh hoa,cac cht hu c hoa


tan,cac cht keo phan tan nh trong nc thi cn c di chuyn vao ben trong t bao ca vi sinh vt.

S lc qua trnh sinh hoc

Theo quan iem hien ai nhat qua trnh x ly nc thai


- Di chuyn cc cht gy nhim t pha lng n b mt ca t bo vi sinh vt do khuch tn i lu v phn t. - Di chuyn cc cht t b mt ngoi t bo qua mng bn thm bng khuch tn do s chnh lch nng cc cht torng v ngoi t bo. - Qu trnh chuyn ho cc cht trong t bo vsv vi s sn sinh nng lng v qu trnh tng hp cc cht mi ca t bo vi s hp th nng lng. hay n gian la viec thu hoi chat ban la mot qua trnh gom 3 giai oan:

B lc sinh hc

L cng trnh c thit k nhm mc ch phn hy cc vt cht hu c c trong nc thi nh qu trnh xy ha din ra trn b mt vt liu tip xc. Trong b thng cha y vt liu tip xc, l gi th cho vi sinh vt sng bm.

B lc sinh hc B lc sinh hc thng c phn chia thnh hai dng: b lc sinh hc nh git v b lc sinh hc cao ti. Thp lc sinh hc cng c th c xem nh l mt b lc sinh hc nhng c chiu cao kh ln.

B lc sinh hc

- B lc sinh hc nh git thng dng


x l sinh hc hon ton nc thi, gi tr BOD ca nc thi sau khi lm sch t ti 10 15mg/l vi lu lng nc thi khng qu 1000 m3/ng. - B lc sinh hc cao ti c nhng c im: ti trng nc ti 10 30m3/m2ng tc l gp 10 30 ln b lc nh git.

B lc sinh hc

- Thp lc sinh hc: nhng thp lc


sinh hc c th x dng cc trm x l vi lu lng di 50000m3/ng, vi iu kin a hnh thun li v nng nc thi sau khi lm sch BOD l 2025mg/l

B lc sinh hc

B lc sinh hc l cng trnh nhn to


, trong nc thi c lc qua vt liu rn c bao bc mt lp mng vi sinh vt . B lc sinh hc gm cc phn chnh nh sau :

B lc sinh hc

Phn cha vt liu lc H thng phn phi nc m bo


ti u ln ton b b mt b H thng thu v dn nc sau khi lc H thng phn phi kh cho b lc

B lc sinh hc Din ra qu trnh oxy ho cht thi trong b lc sinh hc.Mng vi sinh vt s dng v xc vi sinh vt cht theo nc tri khi b c tch khi nc thi b lng t 2 .

B lc sinh hc

m bo qu trnh oxy ho sinh


ho din ra n nh ,oxy c cp cho b lc bng cc bin php thng gi t nhin hoc thng gi nhn to .Vt liu lc ca b lc sinh hc c th l nha Plastic , x vng gm , Granit

CC DNG B SINH HC TRONG X L NC THI

CC LOI B SINH HC X L NC THI B LC SINH HC HIU KH


VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG

B LC SINH HC K KH.

B LC SINH HC HIU KH CC DNG B HIU KH TRONG X L NC THI


1 2

B SC KH AEROTEN

A QUAY SINH HC RBC

VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG

B LC SINH HC HIU KH

Nguyn l chung ca qu trnh x l nc thi bng phng php hiu kh


Qa trnh oxy ha (d ha)

(COHNS)+O2+vsv hi khCO2+NH3+ sn phm khc+ nng lng

Qu trnh tng hp (COHNS)+O2+ VSV hiu kh+ Nng lngC5H702N (t bo vi sinh vt mi) (ng ha)

Trong k khng c cht hu c


VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG

C5H7O2N +5025CO2+NH3+2H20+ Nng lng

B LC SINH HC HIU KH

Qu trnh phn hy sinh hc hiu kh


Oxi ho v tng hp t bo:

Cht hc

O2

Dinh dng (N,P)

CO2

H2O

Phn khng phn hy sinh hc

B LC SINH HC HIU KH

Qu trnh phn hy bn hiu kh


Phan huy noi bao:

O2

CO2

H2O

N,P

Phan khong phan huy sinh hoc

B LC SINH HC HIU KH

Be sinh hoc tiep xuc: ket hp qua trnh sinh trng l lng

(bun hoat tnh) va dnh bam (mang sinh hoc). Vi sinh vat sinh trng va phat trien thanh bong bun va mang vi sinh lang tot tach khoi nc bang trong lc. Bun tuan hoan: duy tr mat o sinh khoi cao. Bun d: c a en he thong x ly bun va thai bo.

B LC SINH HC HIU KH

B sinh hc hiu kh tip xc


u vo

B lng

u ra

Bn hot tnh tun hon Bn hot tnh d

B LC SINH HC HIU KH

Be sinh hoc tiep xuc c lam thoang bi may thoi

thoi kh; Vat lieu lam gia the tiep xuc la nhng si plastic; Gia the tiep xuc c at ngap hoan toan trong nc.

B LC SINH HC HIU KH

ng dn kh nn

Mng sinh hc Phn phi kh

B LC SINH HC HIU KH

Hnh nh mt s b(h)sinh hc hiu kh

VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG

B LC SINH HC HIU KH

B LC SINH HC HIU KH

B SC KH AEROTEN
Song chn rc B Aeroten B lng II B lc p lc

Cl2

B iu ha

My p bn B nn bn
VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG

Bnh bn

B SC KH AEROTEN

Be Aerotank la cong trnh lam bang be tong cot

thep, gachvi mat bang thong dung la hnh ch nhat. Hon hp bun va nc thai cho chay suot chieu dai cua be. Thi gian lu nc trong be Aerotank khong lau qua 24 gi (thong thng la 4 8 gi).

B SC KH AEROTEN

Nc thai vi bun hoat tnh tuan hoan sau khi

qua be aerotank cho qua be lang t hai. nay mot phan bun lang quay tr lai be aerotank, phan con lai se en be nen bun. Do ket qua cua viec sinh soi nay n cua cac vi sinh vat cung nh viec tach cac chat ban ra khoi nc thai ma so lng bun hoat tnh ngay cang gia tang.

B SC KH AEROTEN

So lng bun tha nay chang nhng khong giup cho

qua trnh x ly nc thai sinh hoat ma con gay tr ngai cho viec x ly. o am cua bun hoat tnh khoang 90 95%, trc khi a lean be metan can lam giam the tch. Trong s o x ly nc thai bang be aerotank con co cac cong trnh phu nh: tram bm khong kh, be nen bu, ng ong dan bun, ng ong dan khong kh.

VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG

B SC KH AEROTEN

B Aeroten cha hn hp nc thi v


bn hot tnh , kh c cp lin tc vo b trn u v gi cho bn trng thi l lng trong nc thi v cp oxy cho vi sinh vt oxy ho cc cht hu c c trong nc thi . Khi trong b , cc cht l lng ng vai tr l cc ht nhn cho cc vi khun c tr , sinh sn v pht trin dn ln thnh cc bng cn gi l bn hot tnh .

B SC KH AEROTEN

Vi khun v cc vi sinh vt sng dng cht


nn (BOD) v cht dinh dng (N , P) lm thc n chuyn ho chng thnh cc cht tr khng ho tan v thnh cc t bo mi .

B SC KH AEROTEN

S lng bn hot tnh sinh ra trong thi


gian lu li trong b Aerotank ca lng nc thi ban u i vo trong b khng lm gim nhanh cc cht hu c do phi s dng li mt phn bn hot tnh lng xung y b lng t 2 , bng cch tun hon bn v b Aerotank m bo nng vi sinh vt trong b .

B SC KH AEROTEN

Phn bn hot tnh d c a v b


nn bn hoc cc cng trnh x l bn cn khc x l .B Aerotank hot ng phi c h thng cung cp kh y v lin tc .

B SC KH AEROTEN
Dch en
X ly s bo

Hoa chat ieu chnh pH DD dinh dng Be trung hoa Air Blower DD Phen 5% Chat tr keo tu Be lang t III

Dch trang

Be lang t I
Thu hoi bot giay

Aeroten

Be lang t II Bm bun
Be nen bun

Be tao bong Chlorine Can lang

Bun tuan hoan Nc tach bun

Be tiep xuc

Nc tach bun

Thiet b tach nc bun

Bun kho

Tai s dung nc Nguon tiep nhan Phan bon Bai rac ot

B SC KH AEROTEN Nguyn l lm vic ca b Aeroten L cng trnh x l sinh hc s dng bn hot tnh Thc cht qu trnh x l qua 3 giai on: Giai on 1: Tc xy ha xc nh bng tc tiu th xy. Giai on 2: Bn hot tnh khi phc kh nng xy ha ng thi xy ha tip cc cht HC chm xy ha. Giai on 3: Giai on nito ha v cc mui amon Khi s dng phi c h thng cp kh.
VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG

Qu trnh bn hot tnh

Quy trnh x l nc thi bng bn hot tnh c thc hin nc Anh t nm 1914, v c duy tr v pht trin n ngy nay vi phm vi p dng rng ri x l nc thi sinh hot v nc thi cng nghip.

Qu trnh bn hot tnh

Qu trnh x l nc thi s dng


bn hot tnh da vo hot ng sng ca vi sinh vt hiu kh. Trong b Aerotank, cc cht l lng ng vai tr l cc ht nhn cho vi khun c tr, sinh sn v pht trin dn ln thnh cc bng cn gi l bn hot tnh.

Qu trnh bn hot tnh

Bn hot tnh l cc bng cn c mu


nu sm cha cc cht hu c hp th t nc thi v l ni c tr pht trin ca v s vi khun v vi sinh vt sng khc.

Qu trnh bn hot tnh

Cc vi sinh vt ng ho cc cht hu
c c trong nc thi thnh cc cht dinh dng cung cp cho s sng. Trong qu trnh pht trin vi sinh vt s dng cc cht sinh sn v gii phng nng lng,

Qu trnh bn hot tnh

sinh khi ca chng tng ln nhanh. Nh vy cc cht hu c c trong nc thi c chuyn ho thnh cc cht v c nh H2O, CO2 khng c hi cho mi trng.

Phn loi b Aeroten

Theo nguyn l lm vic


B thng thng: cng sut ln B x l sinh ha khng hon ton (BOD20 ra 60_80mg/l) B x l sinh ha hon ton(BOD20 ra 15_20mg/l) B sc cha cao:BOD20>500mg/l Theo s cng ngh Aeroten 1 bc Aeroten 2 bc

Phn loi b Aeroten

Theo cu trc dng chy

VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG

Phn loi b Aeroten

Theo phng php lm thong Bng kh nn Khuy c hc Qut gi Thong kt hp

VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG

Cc dng s b Aeroten

A 1 bc, khng c ngn phc hi bn thit b v qun l n gin


S 1

VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG

Cc dng s b Aeroten

s 2

VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG

Cc dng s b Aeroten

S 3

VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG

B AEROTEN

VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG

X l nc thi nh my giy

Qua trnh x ly sinh hoc gom cac bc : Chuyen hoa cac hp chat co nguon goc cacbon

dang keo va dang hoa tan thanh the kh va thanh cac vo te bao vi sinh Tao ra cac bong can sinh hoc gom cac te bao vi sinh vat va cac chat keo vo c trong nc thai Loai cac bong can ra khoi nc thai bang qua trnh lang

X l nc thi nh my giy

M hnh x l nc thi trong nh my


thy sn s dng b aerotank

VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG

Song chn rc B lng ct Nc thi B tch du B lng t I

X l bc 1

Aeroten

B lng t II

X l sinh hc

Chlorine Nc thi sau x l

B tip xc

Kh nc

X l bn

B nn bn

Phn hy bn

Cha bn

Bnh bn

X l nc thi nh my giy

Bao gm cc cng on nh sau: Lc rc bng my lc rc t ng Thu gom, cn bng nc thi v tch du m X l bc 1 bng phng php sinh hc hiu kh trong b AEROTEN X l bc 2 bng phng php ha l: keo t, lng lc v kh trng.
VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG

X l nc thi nh my giy

VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG

X l nc thi nh my giy

VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG

X l nc thi nh my giy

Phng php x l sinh hc la giai on


b aerotank v b lng t 2
Be aerotank Be ng 1 la Be ng 2 la

N cha c x ly

N tha c i sau x ly

Bu tha n i Bu tua hoa n n n Bu n


VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG

X l nc thi nh my giy

B Aerotank Ti b sinh hoc hiu kh (Aeroten) din ra qu trnh sinh hc hiu kh c duy tr nh khng kh cp t my thi kh. Ti y, cc vi sinh vt dng hiu kh (bn hot tnh) s phn hu cc cht hu c cn li trong nc thi thnh cc cht v c n gin nh: CO2,H2Otheo phn ng sau:
VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG

X l nc thi nh my giy

Cht hu c + Vi sinh vt hiu kh


H2O+CO2 + Sinh khi mi + Hiu sut x l ca b lm thong tnh theo COD,BOD t khong 90 - 95%. T b Aeroten, nc thi c dn sang b keo t v lng, ti y din ra qu trnh phn tch gia nc thi v bn hot tnh.

VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG

X l nc thi nh my giy

C ch: VSV hiu kh s dng cc cht hu c dng ha tan v dng keo trong nc lm thc n sinh trng v pht trin. Khi VSV s tng sinh khi to thnh bng bn hot tnh.Do m bo nng nht nh ca bn hot tnh trong b aerotank th mt phn bn d t b lng 2 phi c dn hon lu v b aerotank .
VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG

X l nc thi nh my giy

S o x ly nc thai be Aerotank: S o 1: x ly
hoan toan bang phng phap sinh hoc be aerotank mot bac khong co ngan phuc hoi bun hoat tnh u iem: thiet b ky thuat va quan ly n gian, c ap dung rong rai.

Nong o bun ngan phuc hoi bun rat cao (7 8 g/l) so vi nong o cua no be Aerotank (1 3 mg/l) Tiet dien ngan phuc hoi bang khoang 20 50% tong dien tch cua be aerotank.

X l nc thi nh my giy

S o 3: x ly hoan toan bang phng phap sinh hoc


be aerotank hai bac khong co ngan phuc hoi bun hoat tnh.

X l nc thi nh my giy

B lng 2: T b aerotank nc v bn hot tnh c dn v b lng 2. Ti y din ra qu trnh phn tch gia nc thi v bn hot tnh. Bn hot tnh lng xung y v 1 phn s c tun hon li b aerotank nhm duy tr hm lng VSV. Phn nc thi pha trn c dn qua b kh trng.

X l nc thi nh my giy

C ch: B lng 2 s loi b 1 phn cht rn l


lng sau cc cng on x l s cp, cc loi bng keo t ha hc nh qu trnh lng ca cc ht kt t trong hn hp huyn ph. Cc ht rn ny lin kt li vi nhau lm tng sinh khi lng ht lng nn s lng nhanh hn.

X l nc thi nh my giy

X l nc thi nh my giy

B nn bn: Phn bn d t b lng 2 v b lng 1 c


a vo b nn bn trng lc. Tng hm lng cht rn t b lng 1 khong 3-4%, b lng 2 thp hn 0.75%.Sau qu trnh nn bn tng hm lng cht rn s tng ln 4-5%. Nc sau khi tch bn c dn ngc v b thu gom. Nn bn trng lc gip lm gim kch thc ca cng trnh x l bn tip theo nh b phn hy bn hiu kh, tit kim chi ph nhn cng v nng lng.

X l nc thi nh my giy

B phn hy bn hiu kh Bn t b lng 1 c kh nng gy nhim cao do kh bo qun, c mi kh chu,... Do cn c x l trong cc b phn hy hiu kh lm mt mi, d lm kh, m bo v sinh v c th bo tn thnh phn phn bn rt c li cho cy trng

Be sinh hoc theo me SBR

Ban chat qua trnh x ly sinh hoc tng me

He thng x ly sinh hoc tng me bao gom a nc

thai vao be phan ng va tao cac ieu kien can thiet nh moi trng thieu kh (khong co oxy, ch co NO3-), k kh (khong co oxy), hieu kh (co oxi, NO3-) e cho vi sinh tang sinh khi, hap thu va tieu hoa cac chat thai hu c trong nc thai.

Be sinh hoc theo me SBR

Chat thai hu c (C, N, P) t dang hoa tan se chuyen

hoa vao sinh khi vi sinh va khi lp sinh khi vi sinh nay lang ket xuong se con lai nc trong a tach chat o nhiem, chu ky x ly tren lai tiep tuc cho mot me nc thai mi

Be sinh hoc theo me SBR


Quy trnh hoat ong cua he thng x ly sinh hoc tng me n gian, bao gom cac chuoi chu ky nh sau:
Nap nc thai vao be phan ng Va nap va tao moi trng thieu kh hay k kh

Va nap va tao ieu kien cho vi sinh x ly chat thai hu c


X ly tach loai chat o nhiem hu c , nit, photpho bang vi sinh

e lang, tach lp bun


Gan lay nc sach a x ly Lap lai chu ky mi

Be sinh hoc theo me SBR


Cho phep thiet kehe n gian vi cac bc x ly c ban theo quy trnh tng me
Khoang thi gian cho moi chu ky co the ieu chnh c va la mot quy trnh cotheieu khien t ong bang PLC.

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Hieu qua x ly co o tin cay cao va o linh hoat


Cong nghe ky thuat cao, lap trnh c va kha nang x ly vt mc ha hen va la quy trnh x ly bang vi sinh ay trien vong trong tng lai.

He thng x ly sinh hoc tng me co nhng ac trng c ban sau ay

Be sinh hoc theo me SBR

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Qua trnh hoat ong cua be c chia lam 4 giai oan chnh tao nen mot chu ky cua be sinh hoc tng me

1
Giai oan lam ay

2
Giai oan phan ng oxy hoa sinh hoa

3
Giai oan lang

4
Dan nc sau x ly ra, lay bt bun va e lai 25%

Be sinh hoc theo me SBR

Cac qua trnh hoat ong chnh trong be sinh hoc tng me gom : Qua trnh sinh hoc hieu kh dung e kh BOD : bi s tang sinh khi cua quan the vi sinh vat hieu kh c tang cng bi khuay tron va cung cap oxy, tao ieu kien phan ng giai oan (b).

Be sinh hoc theo me SBR

Qua trnh sinh hoc hieu kh , k kh dung e kh

BODcacbon, ket hp kh nit, photpho : bi s tang sinh

khi cua quan the vi sinh vat hieu kh, k kh . Tang cng khuay tron cho qua trnh k kh, khuay tron va cung cap oxy cho qua trnh hieu kh, khuay tron cho qua trnh hieu kh, tao ieu kien phan ng cho giai oan (b).

Be sinh hoc theo me SBR

S o quy trnh phan ng trong sinh hoc tng me co ket hp


kh N, P
NT vao Metanol

(1) Lam ay

(2) Anaerobic (khuay)

(3) Aerobic (khuay+O2)

(4) Anoxic (Tat O2+khuay)

(5) Lang

(6) Tach nc Xa bun

Giai oan (b)

Be sinh hoc theo me SBR

Giai oan 3 : xay ra qua trnh nitrat hoa va oxy hoa chat hu c Giai oan 4 : xay ra qua trnh kh nitrat ay la qua trnh tong hp co hieu qua ket hp kh BOD

cacbon va cac chat hu c hoa tan N, P. Trong qua trnh kh N co the tang cng nguon cacbon ben ngoai bang Metanol giai oan 4. Tuy nhien vi thanh phan va tnh chat nc thai che bien thuy san giau cacbon hu c va chat dinh dng trong qua trnh oxy hoa nen khong can s dung them hoa chat phu tr

Be sinh hoc theo me SBR

Cac qua trnh sinh hoc tren dien ra trong be vi s tham


gia cua cac vi sinh vat trong qua trnh oxy hoa chat hu c, ac biet la co s tham gia cua hai chung loai Nitrosomonas va Nitrobacter trong qua trnh nitrat hoa va kh nitrat ket hp

B LC SINH HC K KH

CC DNG B K KH TRONG X L NC THI


1 2

B MTAN

UASB

B LC SINH HC K KH

GII THIU CNG NGH SINH HC K KH

Loi tr BOD:

Qu trnh x l s pht trin cc dng huyn ph x l sinh hc X l hiu kh v x l k kh: COD / BOD 2 hay BOD / COD 0,5 X l hiu kh Nu COD ln hn BOD nhiu ln, trong c nhiu cellulose, hemicellulose, protein, tinh bt cha tan x l k kh

B LC SINH HC K KH

Nguyn tc x l cht hu c bng phng php k kh

(COHNS) + VSV k kh

CO2 + H2S +NH3 + CH4 + cc cht khc + nng lng (COHNS) + VSV k kh + nng lng C5H7O2N (t bo vi sinh vt mi)

B LC SINH HC K KH Cc qu trnh chuyn ho trong x l k kh C 4 giai on xy ra ng thi trong qu trnh phn hy k kh cht hu c: - Thy phn hay hydro ho - Acid ha - Acetic ho - Methane ha Trong 3 giai on thu phn, acid ha v acetic ha, COD hu nh khng gim, COD ch gim trong giai on methane.

B LC SINH HC K KH

B LC SINH HC K KH

iu kin p dng cng ngh sinh hc k kh Tuyt i khng c oxy Cht dinh dng v cn bng Nhit thch hp : - cao (45 65C); trung bnh (20 45C) thun li cho VK sinh metan - thp (<20C) pH = 6,5 7,5 Khng c cc hp cht c hi

So snh cn bng COD giaphng php hiukh v kkh

K kh: COD trong nc thi phn ln c chuyn thnh methane, loi kh t c gi tr. Mt lng rt nh COD c chuyn thnh bn. Khng i hi u t khu u vo h thng hot ng. Hiu kh: COD trong nc thi phn ln c chuyn thnh bn, t trong khu x l bn "waste sludge factory ( 3 20 ln); xc kh t trong vic cung cp nng lng.

B LC SINH HC K KH

X l bn theo phng php sinh hc k kh


Cc phn ng: Thu phn: (C6H10O5)x + xH2O x(C6H12O6) C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 To axt: CH3CH2OH + H2O CH3COOH + 2H2 CH3CH2COOH + 2H2O CH3CH3COOH + CO2 + 2H2 To mtan: H2 + CO2 CH4 + 2H2O + Q CH3COO CH4 + CO2 + Q CH3COOH CH4 + CO2 + 2H2O + Q

B LC SINH HC K KH

Vi khun tham gi cc qu trnh trn rt nhy vi


s thay i pH. Khong pH hot ng l t 6,5 - 8,0; pH thch hp l 7,2 - 7,4. Tc phn hu tu thuc vo lu lng cp bn, pH, c trng ca pha rn, nhit , mc pha trn gia bn th vi phn phn hu.
Phng trnh chung: Cht hu c trong bn + H2O + dinh dng + vi sinh CH4 + CO2

B mtan

y l cng trnh x l cn hiu qu nht. Thi gian ln men ngn: 6-20 ngy, th

ngn bn nh Cc loi cn dn n b: + Cn ti t b lng 1. + Bn hot tnh d trn mng vi sinh. + Rc nghin. Cn c hm nng v xo trn to iu kin ti u cho qu trnh ln men. Cng qu trnh ln men ph thuc vo nhit , lng cn, mc xo trn.

tch

Cu to b mtan

Khi b lm vic bnh thng: + pH = 7-7,5 + Hm lng a.bo: 3-8 mg/l + kim: 60-70 mg/l + Nit ca mui amino: 600-800 mg/l

B mtan

Thng c 2 kiu b tiu hu, tc bnh


thng (chun) v tc cao. Trong tiu hu tc chun, cc cht trong b tiu hu khng c un m ln v khng c khuy trn. Thi gian lu dao ng t 30 - 60 ngy. Trong qu trnh tiu hu tc cao cc cht tiu hu c t m v khuy trn u. Thi gian lu l 15 ngy hoc t hn

B mtan

B UASB

cu to v nguyn l

B UASB

Nguyn l hot ng Nc thi c np liu t pha y b, i qua lp bn ht, qu trnh x l xy ra khi cc cht hu c trong nc thi tip xc vi bn ht. Kh sinh ra trong iu kin k kh (ch yu l methane v CO2) s to nn dng tun hon cc b gip cho qu trnh hnh thnh v duy tr bn sinh hc dng ht.

B UASB

Kh sinh ra t lp bn s dnh bm vo cc

ht bn v cng vi kh t do ni ln pha mt b Ti y, qu trnh tch pha kh-lng-rn xy ra nh b phn tch pha. Kh theo ng dn qua bn hp thu cha dung dch NaOH 5-10%. Bn sau khi tch khi bt kh li lng xung. Nc thi theo mng trn rng ca dn n cng trnh x l tip theo.

B UASB

Nc thai c a trc tiep vao di ay be va c


phan phi ong eu o, sau o chay ngc len xuyen qua lp bun sinh hoc hat nho (bong bun) va cac chat ban hu c c tieu thu o . Cac bot kh metan va cacbonic noi len tren c thu bang cac chup kh e dan ra khoi be. Nc thai tiep theo o se dien ra s phan tach 2 pha long va ran . Pha long c dan ra khoi be , con pha ran th hoan lu lai lp bong bun . S tao thanh va duy tr cac hat bun la vo cung quan trong khi van hanh be UASB.

B UASB

iu kin s dng b UASB Bn nui cy ban u: nng ti thiu l 10 kg VSS/m3. Lng bn cho vo khng nn nhiu hn 60% th tch b. Hm lng cht hu c: COD < 100 mg/l khng s dng c b UASB, COD > 50.000mg/l th cn pha long nc thi hoc tun hon nc thi u ra.

B UASB

Cht dinh dng: nng nguyn t N, P,

S ti thiu c th tnh theo biu thc sau: (COD/Y) : N :P : S = (50/Y) : 5: 1 :1 Y l h s sn lng t bo ph thuc vo loi nc thi. Nc thi d acid ha Y= 0,03, kh acid ha Y= 0,15.

B UASB

Hm lng cn l lng: nc thi c hm

lng SS ln khng thch hp cho m hnh ny. SS > 3.000 mg/l kh phn hy sinh hc s lu li trong b s ngn cn qu trnh phn hy nc thi. Nu cn c th cun tri th khng c vn g.

B UASB

Nc thi cha c t: UASB khng thch

hp vi loi nc thi c hm lng amonia > 2.000 mg/l hoc hm lng sulphate > 500 mg/l. Khi nng mui cao cng gy nh hng xu n vi khun methane. Khi nng mui nm trong khong 5.000 15.000 mg/l th c th xem l c t.

B UASB

u im b UASB

Khng tn nhiu nng lng Qu trnh cng ngh khng i hi k thut phc
tp To ra lng bn c hot tnh cao, nhng lng bn sn sinh khng nhiu gim chi ph x l Loi b cht hu c vi lng ln,hiu qu X l BOD trong khong 600 15.0000 mg/l t t 80-95% C th x l mt s cht kh phn hy. To ra kh c ch

B UASB

Nhc im b
UASB Din tch cn dng x l cht thi ln. Qu trnh to bn ht tn nhiu thi gian, kh kim sot. Cn nhit kh cao.

B UASB bng thp

Phan biet cac loai be sinh hoc

S ging nhau v khc nhau gia cc b lc sinh hc trnh by: +Ging: c 3 u l x l nc thi bng phng php sinh hc (bn hot tnh) +Khc nhau:

aerotank: bn hot tnh sinh trng trong


tnh trng l lng hiu kh, thi gian lu nc 4 - 10h, lu bun 4 - 10 (ngy)

Phan biet cac loai be sinh hoc

B SBR: y l mt loi b aerotank hot


ng theo m, giai on u cung cp DO >2 (mg/l). sau mt thi gian h DO<2 (mg/l) to tnh trng thiu kh kh nito. sau bn lng xung v nc trong c a ra ngoaig. nn sau cng trnh ny cng cn b lng 2.

Phan biet cac loai be sinh hoc

Metan: y l loi b c s dng x


l tt c cc loi cn sinh ra trong cng trnh x l nc thi. x l ym kh, thi gian lu 6 - 10 ngy. phi c h thng thu kh (ch yu ch4, CO2) trnh chy n.

B UASB: cng ngh x l ym kh. bn

hot tnh sinh trng l lng, kt hp vi lng lc, c hiu qu x l BOD, COD 70 80%.

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