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NHM 9 09CMT
VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG
S lc qua trnh sinh hoc Qua trnh sinh hoc Muc ch : - Chuyen hoa (oxy hoa) cac chat hoa tan va cac chat de phan huy sinh hoc thanh nhng san pham cuoi cung co the chap nhan c. - Hap phu va ket tu can l lng va chat keo khong lang thanh bong sinh hoc hay mang sinh hoc - Chuyen hoa/ kh chat dinh dng (N va P ) - Trong mot so trng hp kh nhng hp chat va nhng thanh phan hu c dang vet.
Vai tro cua vi sinh vat trong x ly nc thai - Kh cac chat hoa tan, BOD Cacbon va on nh hp chat hu
c trong nc thai Nhieu loai vi sinh, chu yeu la vi khuan oxy hoa hp chat hu c cha Cacbon hoa tan thanh nhng san pham n gian va sinh sinh khoi.
B lc sinh hc
L cng trnh c thit k nhm mc ch phn hy cc vt cht hu c c trong nc thi nh qu trnh xy ha din ra trn b mt vt liu tip xc. Trong b thng cha y vt liu tip xc, l gi th cho vi sinh vt sng bm.
B lc sinh hc B lc sinh hc thng c phn chia thnh hai dng: b lc sinh hc nh git v b lc sinh hc cao ti. Thp lc sinh hc cng c th c xem nh l mt b lc sinh hc nhng c chiu cao kh ln.
B lc sinh hc
B lc sinh hc
B lc sinh hc
B lc sinh hc
B lc sinh hc Din ra qu trnh oxy ho cht thi trong b lc sinh hc.Mng vi sinh vt s dng v xc vi sinh vt cht theo nc tri khi b c tch khi nc thi b lng t 2 .
B lc sinh hc
B LC SINH HC K KH.
B SC KH AEROTEN
VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG
B LC SINH HC HIU KH
Qu trnh tng hp (COHNS)+O2+ VSV hiu kh+ Nng lngC5H702N (t bo vi sinh vt mi) (ng ha)
B LC SINH HC HIU KH
Cht hc
O2
CO2
H2O
B LC SINH HC HIU KH
O2
CO2
H2O
N,P
B LC SINH HC HIU KH
Be sinh hoc tiep xuc: ket hp qua trnh sinh trng l lng
(bun hoat tnh) va dnh bam (mang sinh hoc). Vi sinh vat sinh trng va phat trien thanh bong bun va mang vi sinh lang tot tach khoi nc bang trong lc. Bun tuan hoan: duy tr mat o sinh khoi cao. Bun d: c a en he thong x ly bun va thai bo.
B LC SINH HC HIU KH
B lng
u ra
B LC SINH HC HIU KH
thoi kh; Vat lieu lam gia the tiep xuc la nhng si plastic; Gia the tiep xuc c at ngap hoan toan trong nc.
B LC SINH HC HIU KH
ng dn kh nn
B LC SINH HC HIU KH
VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG
B LC SINH HC HIU KH
B LC SINH HC HIU KH
B SC KH AEROTEN
Song chn rc B Aeroten B lng II B lc p lc
Cl2
B iu ha
My p bn B nn bn
VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG
Bnh bn
B SC KH AEROTEN
thep, gachvi mat bang thong dung la hnh ch nhat. Hon hp bun va nc thai cho chay suot chieu dai cua be. Thi gian lu nc trong be Aerotank khong lau qua 24 gi (thong thng la 4 8 gi).
B SC KH AEROTEN
qua be aerotank cho qua be lang t hai. nay mot phan bun lang quay tr lai be aerotank, phan con lai se en be nen bun. Do ket qua cua viec sinh soi nay n cua cac vi sinh vat cung nh viec tach cac chat ban ra khoi nc thai ma so lng bun hoat tnh ngay cang gia tang.
B SC KH AEROTEN
qua trnh x ly nc thai sinh hoat ma con gay tr ngai cho viec x ly. o am cua bun hoat tnh khoang 90 95%, trc khi a lean be metan can lam giam the tch. Trong s o x ly nc thai bang be aerotank con co cac cong trnh phu nh: tram bm khong kh, be nen bu, ng ong dan bun, ng ong dan khong kh.
VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG
B SC KH AEROTEN
B SC KH AEROTEN
B SC KH AEROTEN
B SC KH AEROTEN
B SC KH AEROTEN
Dch en
X ly s bo
Hoa chat ieu chnh pH DD dinh dng Be trung hoa Air Blower DD Phen 5% Chat tr keo tu Be lang t III
Dch trang
Be lang t I
Thu hoi bot giay
Aeroten
Be lang t II Bm bun
Be nen bun
Be tiep xuc
Nc tach bun
Bun kho
B SC KH AEROTEN Nguyn l lm vic ca b Aeroten L cng trnh x l sinh hc s dng bn hot tnh Thc cht qu trnh x l qua 3 giai on: Giai on 1: Tc xy ha xc nh bng tc tiu th xy. Giai on 2: Bn hot tnh khi phc kh nng xy ha ng thi xy ha tip cc cht HC chm xy ha. Giai on 3: Giai on nito ha v cc mui amon Khi s dng phi c h thng cp kh.
VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG
Quy trnh x l nc thi bng bn hot tnh c thc hin nc Anh t nm 1914, v c duy tr v pht trin n ngy nay vi phm vi p dng rng ri x l nc thi sinh hot v nc thi cng nghip.
Cc vi sinh vt ng ho cc cht hu
c c trong nc thi thnh cc cht dinh dng cung cp cho s sng. Trong qu trnh pht trin vi sinh vt s dng cc cht sinh sn v gii phng nng lng,
sinh khi ca chng tng ln nhanh. Nh vy cc cht hu c c trong nc thi c chuyn ho thnh cc cht v c nh H2O, CO2 khng c hi cho mi trng.
VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG
VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG
Cc dng s b Aeroten
VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG
Cc dng s b Aeroten
s 2
VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG
Cc dng s b Aeroten
S 3
VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG
B AEROTEN
VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG
X l nc thi nh my giy
Qua trnh x ly sinh hoc gom cac bc : Chuyen hoa cac hp chat co nguon goc cacbon
dang keo va dang hoa tan thanh the kh va thanh cac vo te bao vi sinh Tao ra cac bong can sinh hoc gom cac te bao vi sinh vat va cac chat keo vo c trong nc thai Loai cac bong can ra khoi nc thai bang qua trnh lang
X l nc thi nh my giy
VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG
X l bc 1
Aeroten
B lng t II
X l sinh hc
B tip xc
Kh nc
X l bn
B nn bn
Phn hy bn
Cha bn
Bnh bn
X l nc thi nh my giy
Bao gm cc cng on nh sau: Lc rc bng my lc rc t ng Thu gom, cn bng nc thi v tch du m X l bc 1 bng phng php sinh hc hiu kh trong b AEROTEN X l bc 2 bng phng php ha l: keo t, lng lc v kh trng.
VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG
X l nc thi nh my giy
VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG
X l nc thi nh my giy
VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG
X l nc thi nh my giy
N cha c x ly
N tha c i sau x ly
X l nc thi nh my giy
B Aerotank Ti b sinh hoc hiu kh (Aeroten) din ra qu trnh sinh hc hiu kh c duy tr nh khng kh cp t my thi kh. Ti y, cc vi sinh vt dng hiu kh (bn hot tnh) s phn hu cc cht hu c cn li trong nc thi thnh cc cht v c n gin nh: CO2,H2Otheo phn ng sau:
VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG
X l nc thi nh my giy
VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG
X l nc thi nh my giy
C ch: VSV hiu kh s dng cc cht hu c dng ha tan v dng keo trong nc lm thc n sinh trng v pht trin. Khi VSV s tng sinh khi to thnh bng bn hot tnh.Do m bo nng nht nh ca bn hot tnh trong b aerotank th mt phn bn d t b lng 2 phi c dn hon lu v b aerotank .
VI SINH VT HC MI TRNG
X l nc thi nh my giy
S o x ly nc thai be Aerotank: S o 1: x ly
hoan toan bang phng phap sinh hoc be aerotank mot bac khong co ngan phuc hoi bun hoat tnh u iem: thiet b ky thuat va quan ly n gian, c ap dung rong rai.
Nong o bun ngan phuc hoi bun rat cao (7 8 g/l) so vi nong o cua no be Aerotank (1 3 mg/l) Tiet dien ngan phuc hoi bang khoang 20 50% tong dien tch cua be aerotank.
X l nc thi nh my giy
X l nc thi nh my giy
B lng 2: T b aerotank nc v bn hot tnh c dn v b lng 2. Ti y din ra qu trnh phn tch gia nc thi v bn hot tnh. Bn hot tnh lng xung y v 1 phn s c tun hon li b aerotank nhm duy tr hm lng VSV. Phn nc thi pha trn c dn qua b kh trng.
X l nc thi nh my giy
X l nc thi nh my giy
X l nc thi nh my giy
X l nc thi nh my giy
B phn hy bn hiu kh Bn t b lng 1 c kh nng gy nhim cao do kh bo qun, c mi kh chu,... Do cn c x l trong cc b phn hy hiu kh lm mt mi, d lm kh, m bo v sinh v c th bo tn thnh phn phn bn rt c li cho cy trng
thai vao be phan ng va tao cac ieu kien can thiet nh moi trng thieu kh (khong co oxy, ch co NO3-), k kh (khong co oxy), hieu kh (co oxi, NO3-) e cho vi sinh tang sinh khi, hap thu va tieu hoa cac chat thai hu c trong nc thai.
hoa vao sinh khi vi sinh va khi lp sinh khi vi sinh nay lang ket xuong se con lai nc trong a tach chat o nhiem, chu ky x ly tren lai tiep tuc cho mot me nc thai mi
Qua trnh hoat ong cua be c chia lam 4 giai oan chnh tao nen mot chu ky cua be sinh hoc tng me
1
Giai oan lam ay
2
Giai oan phan ng oxy hoa sinh hoa
3
Giai oan lang
4
Dan nc sau x ly ra, lay bt bun va e lai 25%
Cac qua trnh hoat ong chnh trong be sinh hoc tng me gom : Qua trnh sinh hoc hieu kh dung e kh BOD : bi s tang sinh khi cua quan the vi sinh vat hieu kh c tang cng bi khuay tron va cung cap oxy, tao ieu kien phan ng giai oan (b).
khi cua quan the vi sinh vat hieu kh, k kh . Tang cng khuay tron cho qua trnh k kh, khuay tron va cung cap oxy cho qua trnh hieu kh, khuay tron cho qua trnh hieu kh, tao ieu kien phan ng cho giai oan (b).
(1) Lam ay
(5) Lang
Giai oan 3 : xay ra qua trnh nitrat hoa va oxy hoa chat hu c Giai oan 4 : xay ra qua trnh kh nitrat ay la qua trnh tong hp co hieu qua ket hp kh BOD
cacbon va cac chat hu c hoa tan N, P. Trong qua trnh kh N co the tang cng nguon cacbon ben ngoai bang Metanol giai oan 4. Tuy nhien vi thanh phan va tnh chat nc thai che bien thuy san giau cacbon hu c va chat dinh dng trong qua trnh oxy hoa nen khong can s dung them hoa chat phu tr
B LC SINH HC K KH
B MTAN
UASB
B LC SINH HC K KH
Loi tr BOD:
Qu trnh x l s pht trin cc dng huyn ph x l sinh hc X l hiu kh v x l k kh: COD / BOD 2 hay BOD / COD 0,5 X l hiu kh Nu COD ln hn BOD nhiu ln, trong c nhiu cellulose, hemicellulose, protein, tinh bt cha tan x l k kh
B LC SINH HC K KH
(COHNS) + VSV k kh
CO2 + H2S +NH3 + CH4 + cc cht khc + nng lng (COHNS) + VSV k kh + nng lng C5H7O2N (t bo vi sinh vt mi)
B LC SINH HC K KH Cc qu trnh chuyn ho trong x l k kh C 4 giai on xy ra ng thi trong qu trnh phn hy k kh cht hu c: - Thy phn hay hydro ho - Acid ha - Acetic ho - Methane ha Trong 3 giai on thu phn, acid ha v acetic ha, COD hu nh khng gim, COD ch gim trong giai on methane.
B LC SINH HC K KH
B LC SINH HC K KH
iu kin p dng cng ngh sinh hc k kh Tuyt i khng c oxy Cht dinh dng v cn bng Nhit thch hp : - cao (45 65C); trung bnh (20 45C) thun li cho VK sinh metan - thp (<20C) pH = 6,5 7,5 Khng c cc hp cht c hi
K kh: COD trong nc thi phn ln c chuyn thnh methane, loi kh t c gi tr. Mt lng rt nh COD c chuyn thnh bn. Khng i hi u t khu u vo h thng hot ng. Hiu kh: COD trong nc thi phn ln c chuyn thnh bn, t trong khu x l bn "waste sludge factory ( 3 20 ln); xc kh t trong vic cung cp nng lng.
B LC SINH HC K KH
B LC SINH HC K KH
B mtan
y l cng trnh x l cn hiu qu nht. Thi gian ln men ngn: 6-20 ngy, th
ngn bn nh Cc loi cn dn n b: + Cn ti t b lng 1. + Bn hot tnh d trn mng vi sinh. + Rc nghin. Cn c hm nng v xo trn to iu kin ti u cho qu trnh ln men. Cng qu trnh ln men ph thuc vo nhit , lng cn, mc xo trn.
tch
Cu to b mtan
Khi b lm vic bnh thng: + pH = 7-7,5 + Hm lng a.bo: 3-8 mg/l + kim: 60-70 mg/l + Nit ca mui amino: 600-800 mg/l
B mtan
B mtan
B UASB
cu to v nguyn l
B UASB
Nguyn l hot ng Nc thi c np liu t pha y b, i qua lp bn ht, qu trnh x l xy ra khi cc cht hu c trong nc thi tip xc vi bn ht. Kh sinh ra trong iu kin k kh (ch yu l methane v CO2) s to nn dng tun hon cc b gip cho qu trnh hnh thnh v duy tr bn sinh hc dng ht.
B UASB
Kh sinh ra t lp bn s dnh bm vo cc
ht bn v cng vi kh t do ni ln pha mt b Ti y, qu trnh tch pha kh-lng-rn xy ra nh b phn tch pha. Kh theo ng dn qua bn hp thu cha dung dch NaOH 5-10%. Bn sau khi tch khi bt kh li lng xung. Nc thi theo mng trn rng ca dn n cng trnh x l tip theo.
B UASB
B UASB
iu kin s dng b UASB Bn nui cy ban u: nng ti thiu l 10 kg VSS/m3. Lng bn cho vo khng nn nhiu hn 60% th tch b. Hm lng cht hu c: COD < 100 mg/l khng s dng c b UASB, COD > 50.000mg/l th cn pha long nc thi hoc tun hon nc thi u ra.
B UASB
S ti thiu c th tnh theo biu thc sau: (COD/Y) : N :P : S = (50/Y) : 5: 1 :1 Y l h s sn lng t bo ph thuc vo loi nc thi. Nc thi d acid ha Y= 0,03, kh acid ha Y= 0,15.
B UASB
lng SS ln khng thch hp cho m hnh ny. SS > 3.000 mg/l kh phn hy sinh hc s lu li trong b s ngn cn qu trnh phn hy nc thi. Nu cn c th cun tri th khng c vn g.
B UASB
hp vi loi nc thi c hm lng amonia > 2.000 mg/l hoc hm lng sulphate > 500 mg/l. Khi nng mui cao cng gy nh hng xu n vi khun methane. Khi nng mui nm trong khong 5.000 15.000 mg/l th c th xem l c t.
B UASB
u im b UASB
Khng tn nhiu nng lng Qu trnh cng ngh khng i hi k thut phc
tp To ra lng bn c hot tnh cao, nhng lng bn sn sinh khng nhiu gim chi ph x l Loi b cht hu c vi lng ln,hiu qu X l BOD trong khong 600 15.0000 mg/l t t 80-95% C th x l mt s cht kh phn hy. To ra kh c ch
B UASB
Nhc im b
UASB Din tch cn dng x l cht thi ln. Qu trnh to bn ht tn nhiu thi gian, kh kim sot. Cn nhit kh cao.
S ging nhau v khc nhau gia cc b lc sinh hc trnh by: +Ging: c 3 u l x l nc thi bng phng php sinh hc (bn hot tnh) +Khc nhau:
hot tnh sinh trng l lng, kt hp vi lng lc, c hiu qu x l BOD, COD 70 80%.