Professional Documents
Culture Documents
M U
1. TM TT V XUT X CA D N
Nh my x l rc thi Thu Phng c xy dng v i vo hot ng t nm 2003,
n nay Nh my gp phn ng k vo vic gii quyt vn tn ng rc thi trn a
bn thnh ph Hu. Tuy nhin, hin ti cng ngh x l rc ti Nh my tr nn khng cn
ph hp vi yu cu ngy cng cao v cht lng mi trng. Do vy cn c s ci to, nng
cp m bo gii quyt trit hn na cc vn mi trng pht sinh trong qu trnh
hot ng ca nh my.
Trn c s , Cng ty C phn u t Pht trin Tm Sinh Ngha tin hnh u t,
xy dng, ci to nhm hon thin dy chuyn thit b cng ngh An Sinh ASC x l rc
thi sinh hot ti Nh my x l rc Thu Phng, tnh Tha Thin Hu. y l mt cng
ngh hin i, x l rc theo chu trnh khp kn t khu tip nhn rc n u ra sn phm.
Hot ng ca nh my ng mt vai tr rt quan trng trong vic thc hin mc tiu pht
trin bn vng, va gp phn gii quyt vn nhim mi trng do rc thi gy ra, va
to ra cc sn phm c ch phc v cho nng nghip, xy dng,...
- C quan ph duyt d n: ch u t t ph duyt.
2. CN C PHP LUT V K THUT CA VIC THC HIN TM.
Cc vn bn php lut v k thut xy dng Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng
(TM) bao gm:
Lut bo v mi trng c Quc hi nc Cng ho XHCN Vit Nam thng qua ngy
29 thng 11 nm 2005.
Ngh nh 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/08/2006 ca Chnh ph v vic Quy nh chi tit v
hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut bo v mi trng.
Thng t s 08/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 08/09/2006 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng
hng dn v nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt
bo v mi trng.
Quyt nh s 155/1999/Q-TTg ngy 16/7/1999 ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic ban
hnh quy ch qun l cht thi nguy hi.
Quyt nh s 22/2006/Q-BKHCNMT ngy 18 thng 12 nm 2006 ca B trng B Ti
nguyn v mi trng v vic ban hnh cc tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam.
Quyt nh s 3733/2002/Q-BYT ngy 10/10/2002 ca B trng B Y t ban hnh cc
tiu chun v sinh mi trng.
Trung tm Cng ngh mi trng Nng, 25 Hong Diu, Tp. Nng. Tel: 0511.3824402, Fax: 0511.3824120
Gim c
: ng Hunh Thun
a ch
in thoi
: 0511.226694
Fax: 0511.824120
Nguyn Cu Thnh
Nguyn Th Minh
H Thanh V
Trung tm Cng ngh mi trng Nng, 25 Hong Diu, Tp. Nng. Tel: 0511.3824402, Fax: 0511.3824120
CHNG 1
M T TM TT V NH MY
1.1. TN NH MY
Nh my x l rc Thu Phng, tnh Tha Thin Hu.
1.2. CH U T
Ch u t: Cng ty CP u t Pht trin Tm Sinh Ngha.
i din: ng Ng Xun Tic
a ch lin h: 402 404, Phm Vn Hai, phng 5, qun Tn Bnh, TP. H Ch Minh.
in thoi: 08.8464480
Fax: 08.8461370
1.3. V TR A L CA NH MY
1.3.1 V tr a l
Nh my x l rc Thu Phng c xy dng ti thn 7, x Thu Phng, huyn
Hng Thu, tnh Tha Thin Hu. Ta a l ca nh my nh sau:
- N: 16023.890
- E: 107038.141
(Xem s S 01)
1.3.2 Gii hn khu t
+ Pha Bc
+ Pha Nam
: gip bi rc thnh ph
+ Pha ng
+ Pha Ty
: gip vng t i.
: 12.000 triu ng
: 23.000 triu ng
+ Chi ph khc
: 1.750 triu ng
Ngun vn:
Ch u t khai thc, huy ng tng hp cc ngun vn sau:
-
Vn t c
Vn vay t Qu Bo v mi trng
Nh ra nilon
: 180m2.
Nh phn loi rc
: 884,8m2
Nh sn xut ph thi do
: 486m2
Nh tch tuyn mn ti
: 90m2
: 864m2.
Nh hoai hu c
: 972m2.
: 540m2
Nh tch tuyn mn th
: 540m2
Nh sn xut phn
: 630m2
: 504m2
: 289m2
: 972m2.
: 486m2
(Xem s S 02)
b. Cc hng mc cng trnh ph tr
Cc hng mc cng trnh ph tr ca bao gm:
Trung tm Cng ngh mi trng Nng, 25 Hong Diu, Tp. Nng. Tel: 0511.3824402, Fax: 0511.3824120
2000
220
80.300
2005
550
200.750
2010
600
219.000
H Ni
Hi
Phng
TP.HCM
Nng
50,3
2,7
6,3
0,7
3,0
1,1
0,3
1,0
7,4
33,9
50,4
5,4
2,7
1,1
3,5
4,8
1,0
0,7
15,0
15,4
62,2
5,6
4,2
0,5
7,0
0,5
0,5
0,5
16,4
4,7
66,7
7,8
6,7
1,5
8,7
3,1
0,1
1,7
1,9
1,8
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
Tp khc
50 - 60
24
25
nh
nh
12
nh
nh
nh
thay i
Ngun: Qun l cht thi rn GS.TS Trn Hiu Nhu, Nxb Xy dng - 2001
Trung tm Cng ngh mi trng Nng, 25 Hong Diu, Tp. Nng. Tel: 0511.3824402, Fax: 0511.3824120
Mi hi
Q U Y T R N H C O N G N G H E A N S I N H - A S C X L Y R A C S I N H H O A
N H A T A P K E T R A C S I N H
V U K H V A C H A T N O
H O A T E P H U N K H O C
V A M U I H O I
X A C G I A S U C V A P H E T H A I Y T E
N A P L I E U L E N B A N G
C H U Y E N X L Y
( oCk h h o a )
R A C K H O N G X L Y P H A I C H O N L A P
T A C H T U Y E N B A N G
T A Y 5 N H O M R A C C A
B I E T
P H E L I E U C O T H E B A N C
M A Y X E B A O , A P , C A T
V A L A M T I R A C C H A T O T C H O T R U N G T A M C A P G I O
N O N G , K H O V A S A C H
M U N E C A
T A O A T
A T C A T
V A M U N
V U N H U
C
V I S IN H
M A Y P H A N L O A I B AH ON NG H P M A N G M O N G
T R U N G T A M
N H A D E O
S C G I O ( l a n 1 )
C A P G I O
N O N G , K H O ,
S A C H
I
H O N H P R A C H U CS A N G L O N G
( T a c h a t c a t v a t a p c h a t )
( l a m g i a u l a n 1 )
a t c a t
v a t a p v a t
T A C H T U Y E N B A N G
T A Y M A N G M O N G
N H A D E O
S A N G L O N G
( T a c h a t c a t )
h u c
H O N
B U I
T A C H T U Y E d Ne oB , A mN oG n TgM A AY Y B A M C A T M N AH N
( L o a i b o m a n g m o n g , d e oM ) O N G N H A D E O
H P M U N
A T ,
GA D E O
h o n h p
h u c
H E T H O N G S A N
M A Y T A C S HA Y K H O V A L
S A C H
T NU GY E N
M
A
Y
S
M
A
A
Y
G
S
A
K I M L O A I
R U N G R2 U N G K1 I M L O A I
T T N H
T H I E T B T A C H
G L O N G ,
T U Y E N V U N D E O
A LM O T S A N G
V A S A Y K H O
Kh thi
M A Y B A M C A T N H O
H U C
TACH TUYEN BANG TAY MANG MONG DEO
M A Y B A M C A T H A T
N H A D E O T A I C H E
hon hp hu c
vun hu c
vun hu c
M A Y U N S I N H A
D E O T A I C H E
T R U N G T T A RM U NG GI A T A M S A N
C O N G N H X U AA DT EP OH A N B O N
T A I C H HE U C V I S I N H
v a o m a y e p
b a x e l l u l o
s i d a i v a m o n g d e o
T A C H T U Y E N VB AI SN I GN H
TA Y
( L o a i b o m a n g m o n g d e o )
mun hu c
M A Y P H A N L O A I B A N G
S C G I O ( l a n 2 )
Bi
H E T H O N HG E NT H H A O UN G T H I E T
H O N H P H U C
( L a m g i a u l a Cn 2O ) A O T B R OT NA CV AH T RU UY NE G N T A M
S U C K H M U N H U C CA P G I O
N O N G , K H O
V A S A C H
b a x c h a h ob a i x e l l u l o
s i n g a n e m l au m l a ci h a t o t
Trung tm Cng ngh mi trng Nng, 25 Hong Diu, Tp. Nng. Tel: 0511.3824402, Fax: 0511.3824120
Tip nhn rc v kh mi: Rc thi sinh hot sau khi thu gom c vn chuyn n
Nh my bng cc xe chuyn dng. Ngay khi x ra khi xe, rc thi s c phun hn
hp vi sinh kh mi v kh c. Cc chng vi khun Nitrosomonat, x khun
Streptomyces, nm men Saccharomyces Cerevicia... s phn gii nhanh cc cht hu
c mau ln men, phn gii mnh protein, kh cc kh c gy mi hi, ngn cn s
hnh thnh cc kh H2S, NH3 ng thi chng cn sinh cht khng sinh chng bnh
v kh cc tc nhn gy bnh, sinh cht kch thch tng trng thc vt. Sau t 5 n 8
gi mi hi s gim dn n trit tiu.
xenllulo (cc chng vi sinh Bacilus Lichemi formis, Asperqillus niger, Lacto Bacilus
Sp, Cellulomonas,...) chun b chuyn sang cng on to mn hu c
+ hoai hn hp hu c: c 3 loi hnh .
o hoai hn hp hu c ti c kim sot m v nhit .
- pht trin vi sinh hiu kh nhit thp, c o trn, sc kh
- pht trin vi sinh hiu kh nhit cao c sc kh, c o trn
- chn c sc kh.
- gim m
- Thi gian cho mt qu trnh phn on l 48 ngy.
Tu theo yu cu ca tng giai on , cc thng s k thut ch yu c khng ch
tng hiu qu phn gii hu c v cellulo.
- m
: 40 60%
- Nhit
: 45 800C.
- pH
: 6 7,5
- T l C/N
: 1/25
Trung tm Cng ngh mi trng Nng, 25 Hong Diu, Tp. Nng. Tel: 0511.3824402, Fax: 0511.3824120
10
Trung tm Cng ngh mi trng Nng, 25 Hong Diu, Tp. Nng. Tel: 0511.3824402, Fax: 0511.3824120
11
Quy trnh x l hn hp rc hu c
Giai on 2
Giai on 1
VK Nitrosomonas
XK Streptomyces
NM Saccharomyces
cerevisia
Vi sinh vt phn hu
RC
HU C
Phn gii lingin,
pectin, protein,
tinh bt
Phn ct
Cellulose
MN HOAI
HU C
Ph gia
PHN HU
C VI SINH
Giai on 3
Vi sinh vt:
C nh m: Azotobacter spp
Khng bnh: Stretomycetes spp
Tr su bnh: Metarhizium
anisopliae
Trung tm Cng ngh mi trng Nng, 25 Hong Diu, Tp. Nng. Tel: 0511.3824402, Fax: 0511.3824120
12
t ct
ng gch
Bm ct
Nc
nhit cung cp
t l t rc
Ra
Nc thi
x l
tun hon
Sy kh
n p to ht nha
kh thi
chp ht
x l
Sn xut cc sn phm
nha ti ch
kh thi
chp ht
x l
Trung tm Cng ngh mi trng Nng, 25 Hong Diu, Tp. Nng. Tel: 0511.3824402, Fax: 0511.3824120
13
Ghi ch:
1: Bung t
2: ng x s c
3: B trao i tn dng nhit thi
4: Qut trao i nhit
5: Qut tng p
6: Sng lng sy kh, gim m
7: Qut ht kh thi
Nguyn l hot ng ca l t:
+ Nguyn l hot ng ca l t cht thi rn hu c kh phn hu l s dng bung
t a vng v c lp t u t iu chnh c cho c hai bung t s cp v
Trung tm Cng ngh mi trng Nng, 25 Hong Diu, Tp. Nng. Tel: 0511.3824402, Fax: 0511.3824120
14
S nguyn l hot ng ca l t:
Cht hu c kh phn hu
Vi t du 1
Vi t du 2
Qut cp kh lnh
Nc sa vi
Bung t s cp 6000C
X than
Bung t th cp 8500C
Bung lng 1
Bi th
Bung lng 2
Bi th
Thit b x l
khi thi
My sy
Cn bn thi
Trung tm Cng ngh mi trng Nng, 25 Hong Diu, Tp. Nng. Tel: 0511.3824402, Fax: 0511.3824120
15
c tnh k thut ca l t:
+ Cng sut: 300 375 kg/gi
+ Nhit t:
o Nhit bung t s cp: 600 7000C.
o Nhit bung t th cp: 700 8500C.
+ Th tch bung t
o Bung s cp: 3,15m3.
o Bung th cp: 1,05m3.
o Din tch ghi l: 1,575m2.
+ Lng du tiu th: 40lt/h (ch s dng khi khi ng l t)
+ Lng khng kh cp: 2000m3/h.
+ Lng kh thi ra khi thit b ( c ho trn): 4000 5000m3/h.
1.4.5 Cng sut x l
Cng sut x l ca nh my sau khi ci to li cng ngh l 200tn/ngy, trong
thnh phn rc thi khng s dng c (thu tinh, x bn,...) chim khong <10% s c
a sang chn lp ti bi rc thnh ph.
1.4.6 Chng loi, cht lng sn phm
- Chng loi sn phm: cc sn phm c to ra t qu trnh hot ng ca Nh my
gm c:
+ Mn hu c vi sinh loi 2 dng ci to t
+ Phn hu c vi sinh
+ Sn phm nha do ti ch: panel, ng nha, x chu,
Trung tm Cng ngh mi trng Nng, 25 Hong Diu, Tp. Nng. Tel: 0511.3824402, Fax: 0511.3824120
16
: 20 25%
: 0,8 0,88%
: 0,3 0,31%
: 0,4 0,5%
Axit humic
: 1,0 1,5%
Vi sinh vt c nh m
: 5,09107
Vi sinh vt hiu kh
: 6,5107
Vi sinh vt ym kh
: 5,5107
: 25%
Ch tiu k thut
Khi lng ring
Khi lng th tch
Cng chu un
Cng chu ko
Cng chu nn
ht nc
chng xung kch
cng b mt
VT
g/cm3
kg/m3
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
%
ln
/Morh
Gi tr trung bnh
1,124
1075,1
29,46
7,33
208
3,97
> 50
1-2
Tn thit b
VT
S lng
Ghi ch
ci
150m
Bng ti gu
,,
25 tn/gi
,,
20m
My ba vng
,,
25 tn/gi
,,
25 tn/gi
,,
,,
Trung tm Cng ngh mi trng Nng, 25 Hong Diu, Tp. Nng. Tel: 0511.3824402, Fax: 0511.3824120
17
TT
Tn thit b
VT
S lng
Ghi ch
My tuyn t
,,
25 tn/gi
My v
,,
50 tn/gi
10
My ct
,,
50 tn/gi
11
12
,,
13
,,
14
Thit b l hi
ci
25kg/cm2
15
My p thu lc
,,
1000 tn
16
My p thu lc
,,
1500 tn
17
H thng sc kh cho cc hm
h thng
18
My p ng bnh ph thi do
ci
19
ci
20
L t cht hu c kh phn hu
,,
21
,,
22
My tuyn gi
,,
23
,,
24
My gia cng c kh
,,
25
Xe vn chuyn cc loi
chic
26
Thit b ht lc kh thi
ci
16
28
Cu chuyn c kh ho
,,
30 tn/gi
300-375kg/h
Trung tm Cng ngh mi trng Nng, 25 Hong Diu, Tp. Nng. Tel: 0511.3824402, Fax: 0511.3824120
18
Ni dung
Thu bn phn hu c vi sinh
(25% 1.000 500 /kg)
Thu bn sn phm ht nha
(2,5% 1.000 2.500 /kg)
Thu bn ph liu tn thu t rc
(0,7% 1.000 900 /kg)
Thu ph x l rc
Tng cng
S tin (ng)
Ghi ch
125.000
T l: 25%
62.500
T l: 2,5%
6.300
T l: 0,7%
75.000
268.800
Ni dung
n v tnh
ng VN
,,
S tin
268.800
202.500
Trung tm Cng ngh mi trng Nng, 25 Hong Diu, Tp. Nng. Tel: 0511.3824402, Fax: 0511.3824120
19
TT
3
4
5
6
Ni dung
Li nhun trc thu
Thu TNDN 28%
Li nhun sau thu
Li nhun/doanh thu
n v tnh
,,
,,
,,
S tin
66.300
18.564
47.736
17.75%
b. Hiu qu x hi
Vic ci to hon thin cng ngh sn xut ca nh my mang li nhng hiu qu x hi
nh sau:
Gii quyt tnh trng ng rc trn a bn thnh ph Hu, to c cnh quan cho
thnh ph, gp phn bo v mi trng.
Hn ch qu t chn lp rc thi.
Ngoi ra, nhng vn nh v sinh mi trng, v sinh cng nghip, an ton lao ng
v cc iu kin lm vic ca cng nhn s c ci thin.
Trung tm Cng ngh mi trng Nng, 25 Hong Diu, Tp. Nng. Tel: 0511.3824402, Fax: 0511.3824120
20
CHNG 2
IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG
V KINH T X HI TI KHU VC XY DNG NH MY
2.1. IU KIN T NHIN V MI TRNG
2.1.1 Cc yu t kh hu
Khu vc Nh my nm trong vng kh hu nhit i gi ma, chu nh hng ca kh
hu chuyn tip gia min Bc v min Nam. Nhit ma ng hi lnh do chu nh hng
ca gi ma ng Bc v v tr kinh ca vng. Nhit ma H hi nng do chu nh
hng ca gi ma Ty Nam v a hnh dy Trng Sn.
Di y l cc c trng v kh hu t cc s liu thng k nhiu nm ca cc trm kh
tng thu vn khu vc tnh Tha Thin - Hu.
2.1.1.1 Nhit
Nhit khng kh nh hng trc tip ti qu trnh bay hi, pht tn cc cht nhim
trong khng kh v cc cht gy mi khc.
Theo s liu thng k, ma nng t thng V n thng VIII, nhit cao nht xut hin
vo thng VI, VII vi nhit khng kh trung bnh l 27,70C 27,80C.
Nhit cao nht o c l 410C (ngy 22/5/1983)
Nhit thp nht o c l 9,30C (ngy 23/12/1995).
Nhit trung bnh thng gim dn theo cao tng ng: Hu 22,50C, Nam ng
24,40C, A Li 21,50C. Thng c nhit trung bnh cao nht l thng VI VII. Phn b
nhit cc thng trong nm c dng 1 nh.
Nhit trung bnh c xu hng gim dn t ven bin n cc vng ni cao. Nhit
trung bnh cc thng o c cc trm khu vc th hin bng sau:
Bng 2.1 Nhit trung bnh cc thng (0C)
Thng
II
III
IV
VI
VII
Nam ng
20,3
20,8
23,3
26
27,3
27,8
27,7
A Li
16,8
18,2
20,7
22,7
24,0
24,8
24,8
Hu
20,0
20,9
23,1
26
28,3
29,3
29,4
Thng
VIII
IX
XI
XII
C nm
Nam ng
27,4
26,1
24,2
22,3
20,2
24,4
A Li
24,6
23,0
21,5
19,4
17,3
21,5
Hu
28,9
27,1
25,1
23,1
20,8
25,2
Trung tm Cng ngh mi trng Nng, 25 Hong Diu, Tp. Nng. Tel: 0511.3824402, Fax: 0511.3824120
21
2.1.1.2 S gi nng
Nng cng l yu t lm tng bc x nhit v tng nhit ca mt t, nc v khng
kh. Ti Thnh ph Hu, hng nm trung bnh c khong 2.000 gi nng, s gi nng trung
bnh trong ngy l 6 gi. Trong nm c t nht 5 gi nng/ngy t thng II n thng X hng
nm. Thng ging l thng c t gi nng nht l 3,7 gi. Cc thng 5, 6, 7 c s gi nng
nhiu nht l 8 gi.
2.1.1.3 m tng i
m khng kh l yu t nh hng n qu trnh chuyn ho cc cht nhim khng
kh v l yu t vi kh hu nh hng n sc kho ca ngi lao ng. m v nhit
cng cao th qu trnh t thanh lc cc cht nhim cng ln.
m tng i trung bnh nhiu nm l 85%. Thi k m t xut hin vo cc thng
ma ng t thng XI n XII vi m tng i trung bnh l 90-91%. Thi k kh nht
l thng VI,VII vi m 79% trng vi thi k c nhit cao nht trong nm v c gi
Ty Nam. iu ny l nguyn nhn lm tng mc hn hn trong vng.
m tng i trong vng c s phn b tng dn theo cao, ti Hu l 83%, Nam
ng 84% v A Li 86%.
m trung bnh ti Hu dao ng trong khong 73 88%, ti Nam ng l 79 - 91%
v A Li 80 92%. m trung bnh cao nht vo cc thng X,XI, XII v thp nht vo cc
thng VII, VIII. m c xu hng t l nghch vi nhit v s gi nng.
m trung bnh cc thng ti cc trm th hin bng sau:
Bng 2.2 m trung bnh cc thng (%)
Thng
II
III
IV
VI
VII
Nam ng
89
87
83
81
80
79
79
A Li
90
90
87
84
85
81
78
Hu
88
89
86
82
77
84
73
Thng
VIII
IX
XI
XII
C nm
Nam ng
81
85
89
91
90
84
A Li
80
89
91
92
91
86
Hu
74
82
86
88
88
83
2.1.1.4 Bc hi
Lng bc hi bng ng Piche cho thy: xu th bc hi vng ng bng cao hn vng
ni. Lng bc hi ln nht xut hin vo thng VI, VII trng vi thi k m thp nht,
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22
nhit cao nht. iu ny gy bt li cho sn xut, nht l ngnh nng nghip. Thng k
bc hi trung bnh cc thng trong bng sau:
Bng 2.3. Thng k bc hi trung bnh cc thng (mm)
Thng
II
III
IV
VI
VII
Nam ng
49,7
54,8
84,9
103,7
108,2
108,8
116,2
A Li
35,0
37,1
56,9
64,8
85,6
113,6
144,9
Hu
45,1
40,1
66,5
82,9
11,8
136,1
143,2
Thng
VIII
IX
XI
XII
C nm
Nam ng
103,1
66,5
45,8
33,6
34,5
889,2
A Li
133,7
58,8
34,6
26,8
25,7
837,4
Hu
134,5
84,6
61,9
50,1
43,2
1000
Thng
II
III
IV
VI
VII
Bnh in
97,9
46,1
29,1
71,1
135,2
155,8
80,1
A Li
64,5
16,4
58,3
161,3
194,7
251,4
148,1
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23
Hu
161,3
62,6
47,1
51,6
82,1
116,7
95,3
Kim Long
96,4
50,8
36,3
54,4
93,2
69,4
56,5
Nam ng
95,7
52,1
45,9
81,1
221,3
224,5
150,9
Thng
VIII
IX
XI
XII
C nm
Bnh in
138,3
367,5
646,4
673,1
855,8
2796,4
A Li
150,0
733,6
732,0
639,1
168,8
3018,2
Hu
104,0
473,4
795,6
580,6
297,4
2867,7
Kim Long
105,6
368,8
712,2
525,1
277,0
2445,7
Nam ng
204,9
544,0
1036,8
672,4
260,9
3550,6
Thng
II
III
IV
VI
VII
Bnh in
10,6
8,1
5,7
6,8
11,3
9,3
6,9
A Li
15,5
12,8
11,8
17,5
18,5
16,9
14,8
Hu
15,5
10,9
9,7
8,7
9,5
8,7
7,7
Kim Long
11,4
10,0
7,3
7,8
9,8
7,3
6,8
Nam ng
17,0
12,4
9,2
13,2
16,3
16,0
15,3
Thng
VIII
IX
XI
XII
C nm
Bnh in
7,9
13,0
15,5
18,7
16,4
129,9
A Li
15,4
21,6
23,6
23,6
20,4
212,4
Hu
9,8
15,9
20,7
20,7
19,2
157,4
Kim Long
8,4
14,8
18,9
18,9
16,7
138,3
Nam ng
15,9
18,8
21,4
21,4
19,1
197,8
24
25
chim, gm nhm,
2.1.5 Hin trng cc thnh phn mi trng t nhin
2.1.5.1 Mi trng nc
a. Nc mt:
Ti khu vc nh my ch c ngun nc mt duy nht l khe Vc nm pha ng. y
l mt khe nc nh v l tuyn thot nc r rc ca bi rc thnh ph, do nng cc
cht nhim trong nc rt cao. c c s nh gi mc nh hng do hot ng ca
nh my n ngun nc mt khu vc, chng ti tin hnh ly mu v phn tch nc khe
Vc, kt qu c trnh by trong bng sau.
Bng 2.6 Thnh phn v tnh cht nc khe Vc
Thi gian ly mu: Ngy 12/04/2007
V tr ly mu: (xem s S 04)
M1: Mu nc khe Vc, ti v tr pha di im tip nhn nc ma t nh my
TT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
VT
mg/l
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
MPN/100ml
M1
TCVN 5942-95
7,71
2,11
0,15
1,8
0,046
520
315
161
2,15.10-3
2,71.10-3
5,18.10-3
3,07.10-3
0,72
1,2.104
5,5 9
2
1,5
15
0,05
< 35
< 25
2
0,02
0,1
1
2
0,3
10.000
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26
nh gi hin trng cht lng nc ngm ti khu vc, chng ti tin hnh thu
mu v phn tch nc ngm ti thn 7, x Thu Phng. Kt qu c trnh by trong bng
sau:
Bng 2.7 Thnh phn v tnh cht nc ngm ti khu vc xy dng nh my.
Thi gian ly mu: Ngy 12/04/2007
V tr ly mu: (xem s S 04)
N1: Mu nc ging o su 8m, nh ng ng Vn t, thn 7, x Thu Phng, cch nh
my 200m v pha Ty Bc
TT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
VT
mg/l
mg/l
MPN/100ml
MPN/
100ml
N1
6,21
4
2,88
225
0,12
0,017
0,15
0,46
2,2
26
1,42.10-3
1,70.10-3
3,22.10-3
6,24.10-3
1.500
93.000
TCVN
5944-95
6,5 8,5
5 - 50
300 - 500
1-5
0,1-0,5
1
45
200 - 400
0,01
0,05
1
5
0
3
TC B Y t
6,5 8,5
15
300
1000
0,5
0,5
0,7-1,5
1,5
50
250
0,003
0,01
2
3
0
0
27
nui gia sc, v vy khng nn s dng ngun nc ny ung trc tip. Cc ch tiu phn
tch khc u nm trong phm vi cho php.
2.1.5.2 Mi trng khng kh
nh gi hin trng mi trng khng kh, chng ti tin hnh o c, thu mu v
phn tch cc thng s v cht lng mi trng khng kh ti khu vc trong v xung quanh
nh my. Kt qu c trnh by trong bng sau:
Bng 2.8 Kt qu phn tch cht lng mi trng khng kh trong khu vc nh my
Ngy thu mu: ngy 11 12/04/2007
V tr thu mu: (Xem S S 03)
K1: Mu khng kh ti khu vc nh tip nhn rc thi
K2: Mu khng kh ti dy chuyn ti ch ph thi do
K3: Mu khng kh ti khu vc ch bin phn hu c
K4: Mu khng kh ti khu vc hm rc hu c.
K5: Mu khng kh ti khu vc sn xut sn phm nha ti ch
K6: Mu khng kh ti khu vc vn phng
TT Thng s
1 Nhit
2 m
3
Gi
m/s
0,14 0,32
K2
28
76
0,17 0,28
dBA
mg/m3
,,
,,
,,
,,
VT
0
C
%
67,5 79,1
0,19
0,042
0,024
0,17
0,13
K4
28
76
72,3 84
0,26
0,031
0,020
0,15
0,12
K5
27
82
71,2 82,6
0,21
0,026
0,018
0,09
0,08
K6
29
75
5
6
7
8
9
TT
1
2
Bi
SOx
NOx
NH3
H2S
Thng s
Nhit
m
VT
0
C
%
K1
27
82
K3
28
76
0,11 0,19
TCVN
85(1)
Gi
m/s
0,21 0,37
0,16 0,27
1,25 1,38
dBA
5
6
7
8
Bi
SOx
NOx
NH3
mg/m3
,,
,,
,,
42,7 49,3
0,18
0,030
0,021
0,18
66,4 71,1
0,21
0,022
0,019
0,06
51,3 62,9
0,27
0,028
0,017
0,09
8(1)
10(1)
10(1)
25(1)
15(1)
TCVN
85(1)
8(1), 0,3(2)
10(1), 0,35(2)
10(1), 0,2(2)
25(1), 0,2(3)
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28
TT Thng s
9 H2S
10 THC
VT
,,
,,
K1
0,21
-
K2
0,01
-
K3
0,03
0,11
TCVN
15(1), 0,042(3)
5(3)
VT
0
C
%
K7
29
75
K8
29
75
K9
30
72
K10
28
76
Gi
m/s
dBA
5
6
7
8
9
10
Bi
SOx
NOx
NH3
H2S
THC
mg/m3
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
38,8 42,9
0,27
0,021
0,015
0,04
0,007
kph
25,4 27,1
0,09
0,015
0,010
kph
kph
kph
TCVN
75(3)
0,3(1),
0,35(1)
0,2(1)
0,2(2)
0,042(2)
5(2)
29
: 52,8 ha
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30
- t nng + lm nghip
: 1.510,61 ha
- t rng t nhin
: 862,8 ha
: 139 ha
- t th c
: 417,66 ha
- t khc
: 879,63 ha
2.2.3 Dn s v lao ng
Theo thng k nm 2006, dn s ton x l 13.171 ngi vi 3.003 h dn. T l sinh
1,37%, t l cht 0,43%, t l gia tng dn s 0,94%. Thu nhp bnh qun u ngi khong
500.000/thng
2.2.4 Gio dc v Y t cng ng
Trn a bn x c 02 trng mu gio (347 em), 02 trng tiu hc (1.370 hc sinh),
01 trng PTCS (1.375 hc sinh) v 01 trng PTTH do huyn qun l. V c bn p
ng c nhu cu hc tp ca con em a phng. Cng tc xo m ch c thc hin
trit t nm 2003.
V Y t, x c 01 trm x vi 06 ging bnh c B Y t cng nhn l n v t
chun quc gia, s lng cn b y t trn a bn gm 06 ngi trong c 01 bc s.
Tnh hnh chm sc sc khe cng ng ti x c thc hin tt. Theo s liu thng
k ca trm x, 100% tr em c tim chng m rng, 100% s ph n mang thai v ph
n trong tui t 17 - 35 c tim vacxin un vn. S lt khm cha bnh ti trm x
nm 2006 l 16.807 lt.
2.2.5 C s h tng v thng tin lin lc
+ Giao thng: H thng giao thng trn a bn x c Quc l 1A chy qua (3km), ng
trnh Quc l 1A (4km), tnh l 7 (7km). V giao thng nng thn, nm 2006 x lm mi
1.719m ng b tng v nng cp thm 4km c.
+ Cp in: 99% s h dn trn a bn c dng in t mng li in quc gia
+ Thng tin lin lc: Hin nay trn da bn x c y h thng thng tin lin lc, t l
dn c in thoi l 100 dn/7 my in thoi.
+ Cp nc: ngun nc cp sinh hot ti x ch yu l nc ging (80%), s cn li
dng nc my (20%).
+ Thot nc: nc thi ti a phng ch yu l thot t chy theo hng chnh l ra
cc cnh ng la hoc t thm vo t.
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32
CHNG 3
NH GI CC TC NG MI TRNG
DO QU TRNH HOT NG CA NH MY
3.1. NGUN GY TC NG
3.1.1 Ngun gy tc ng do hot ng ca nh my
Khi nh my i vo hot ng, cc tc ng n mi trng c th xy ra c tm tt
trong bng sau:
Bng 3.1: Tng hp cc ngun pht sinh nhim v tc ng n mi trng
TT
Ngun pht sinh
Tc nhn
Tc ng
1 Qu trnh ch bin phn Mi hi (do NH3, - nh hng n sc kho ngi lao
hu c
H2S), bi, ting n ng
- nh hng n mi trng khng kh
2 Qu trnh sn xut cc Mi hi, ting n, - Gy nhim khng kh
sn phm nha ti ch
kh thi (HCl, - nh hng n sc kho ngi lao
THC,...), nhit
ng.
3 L t rc
NOx, SOx, THC, ... - Gy nhim khng kh
- nh hng n sc kho ngi lao
ng.
4 Giao thng vn ti
Bi, kh thi giao - nh hng n mi trng khng kh
thng
- nh hng n cng nhn xy dng.
5 Sinh hot ca cn b, Nc thi, cht thi nhim t, ngun nc mt
cng nhn
rn sinh hot
6 Nc ma chy trn
c, cht rn l Tng c ngun nc mt tip nhn
lng
7 Tc ng do rui mui
- Gy mt m quan
- Gy nhim mi trng, gy bnh
a. Ngun gy nhim nc
Ngun gy nhim nc ti nh my bao gm:
Nc r rc: ti nh my, nc r rc pht sinh t hai ngun:
- Nc tch ra t rc ti khi a v nh tip nhn.
- Nc r do qu trnh phn hu rc ti cc hm
y l loi nc thi c hm lng cc cht nhim rt cao, nu khng c bin php
thu gom v x l thch hp s nh hng xu n mi trng.
Theo c tnh, lng nc r rc ti nh my khong 20 30m3/ngy. Nng cc cht
nhim trong nc r rc nh sau:
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33
Ch tiu
pH
NH3
NO3
Fe
SS
BOD5
COD
SO42-
VT
mg/l
-
Kt qu
4,5 7,5
10 - 800
5 - 40
50 1.200
50 - 1.000
2.000 20.000
3.000 60.000
50 1.000
Ch tiu
VT
Kt qu
pH
7,77
NH3
mg/l
30,05
NO3
14,52
Fe
14,80
SS
567
BOD5
1.020
COD
2.750
Cd
4,02.10-3
Pb
7,73.10-2
10
Cu
6,85.10-2
11
Zn
8,00.10-2
12
Phenol
0,027
13
Tng Coliform
MPN/100ml
4,6.105
Nc ra ph thi do
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34
VT
mg/l
MPN/100ml
g/l
Yu
350
250
100
5
110
80
250
20
8
12
0
0
4
1
3
106 - 107
<100
Nng
Trung bnh
720
500
220
10
220
160
500
40
15
25
0
0
8
3
5
107 - 108
100 - 400
Mnh
1200
820
350
20
400
290
1000
85
35
50
0
0
15
5
10
107 - 109
>400
35
Nc ma chy trn:
Vo ma ma, nc ma chy trn qua mt bng nh my cun theo t ct, cc tp
cht,... Nhn chung nc ma kh sch, do vy nu vic qun l cht thi, qun l mt bng
nh my c thc hin tt s khng gy nh hng n ngun nc mt tip nhn.
Theo T chc Y t th gii (WHO - 1993), nng cc cht nhim trong nc ma
nh sau:
Bng 3.5 Nng cc cht nhim trong nc ma
TT
1
2
3
4
Ch tiu
Tng Nit (tnh theo N)
Tng photpho
COD
TSS
Nng (mg/l)
0,5 1,5
0,004 0,03
10 20
10 20
Bi: Hm lng bi pht sinh trong qu trnh sn xut ph thuc nhiu vo iu kin
thi tit. Vo ma kh nng, bi c th pht tn t nhiu cng on nh tip nhn,
bm ct ph thi do, phi trn v ng bao phn hu c vi sinh. Tuy nhin, vo ma
ma do rc a vo c m cao nn lng bi pht sinh khng ln. Hm lng bi
o c ti mt s v tr trong nh my u thp hn mc cho php (Bng 2.8; 2.9)
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36
Kh thi pht sinh ti cng on gia nhit to ht nha ti ch, sn xut sn phm
nha.
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37
Nh vy, so vi tiu chun TCVN 5949-1998 (Mc n ti a cho php khu vc cng cng
v dn c) th mc gy n ca cc phng tin vn ti nng u vt tiu chun cho php.
Tuy nhin, ngun gy n do cc phng tin vn ti ch xy ra trong nhng khong thi gian
ngn, khng lin tc nn tc ng khng ln n mi trng khu vc.
Ting n cng nghip:
Trong qu trnh hot ng ca nh my, ting n pht sinh t hot ng ca cc bng
chuyn, my nhn thu lc, cc phng tin vn chuyn trong nh my,. Theo kt qu o
c ti mt s v tr trong nh my (bng 2.8; 2.9) th mc n ln nht o c l ti dy
chuyn phn loi ti ch ph thi do (84 dBA), tuy nhin mc n ny vn nm trong phm vi
cho php ca Tiu chun v sinh lao ng - B Y t. V vy, c th khng nh hot ng ca
nh my khng nh hng nhiu v ting n n khu vc xung quanh, ch yu l nh hng
n cng nhn lm vic ti ch.
3.1.2 D bo ri ro, s c trong qu trnh hot ng ca nh my
Cc s c, ri ro c th xy ra trong qu trnh hot ng ca nh my bao gm:
- S c chy: c th xy ra do tc ng ca ngn la trn hoc tia la (la hn, la t cc
bp un nu), chy do tc dng ca nng lng in (do chp in, qu ti) hoc
cng c th chy do ph hoi
- S c do nc r rc: nc r rc pht sinh t khu vc tip nhn, t cc hm nu khng
c bin php thu gom x l thch hp s d gy nh hng n nc mt, nc ngm ti
khu vc.
- S c v v kh n, ho cht trong qu trnh thu gom, vn chuyn v phn loi rc thi.
- S c v cc loi dch bnh i vi gia sc, gia cm trong khu vc ln cn.
Cc s s trn c th gy thit hi ln v ti sn v tnh mng con ngi, nh hng
nghim trng n mi trng sinh thi,
3.2. I TNG, QUY M B TC NG
3.2.1 i tng b tc ng
Mi trng khng kh: bi, kh thi t hot ng sn xut v t cc ngun khc trong
nh my khi pht tn vo mi trng s gp phn gy nhim mi trng khng kh
khu vc.
Dn c: hot ng ca nh my thi vo mi trng cc loi kh thi v bi, gy mi
hi thi, cc cht nhim ny s nh hng n ngi dn trong khu vc. Tuy nhin,
do nh my nm v tr xa dn c nn khng nh hng n ngi dn trong vng.
Tc ng n cng nhn lm vic trong nh my do thng xuyn tip xc vi ting
n v cc cht nhim c trong khng kh.
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38
3.2.2 Phm vi tc ng
* i vi mi trng nc: nc thi t hot ng ca nh my khng thi ra mi trng
nn khng nh hng n ngun nc mt khu vc. Ch c ngun nc ma chy trn
t mt bng nh my s thi ra khe Vc. Tuy nhin, ngun thi ny nh hng khng
ln v khng lin tc, ch xy ra khi c ma, nhiu khi li c tc dng pha long nc
khe vn b nhim rt nng do nc r rc t bi rc thnh ph.
* i vi mi trng khng kh: cc cht thi gy nhim mi trng trong qu trnh
hot ng ca nh my pht tn v lan truyn trong khng kh s gy nh hng n
mi trng xung quanh. Tuy nhin, vi vic thc hin cc bin php gim thiu nhim
mt cch trit nn cc tc nhn ny ch tc ng mc nh n khng gian vng
lm vic v khu vc ln cn. i vi cc khu dn c do khong cch kh xa nn s
khng chu nh hng.
* Thi gian b tc ng: do tnh cht c th ca loi hnh sn xut nn thi gian tc ng
ca cc tc nhn nhim n mi trng l lin tc trong ngy.
3.3. NH GI TC NG MI TRNG
3.3.1 Tc ng n mi trng nc
Nc thi pht sinh trong qu trnh hot ng ca nh my c thu gom, x l v
tun hon ti s dng, khng thi ra mi trng. Ngun gy nhim nc c th l do nc
ma chy trn cun theo cc cht bn ri vi. Cc cht nhim c trong nc ma s nh
hng n nc mt ti khe Vc (nm pha ng Nh my) vn b nhim nng do
nc r rc t bi rc thnh ph.
Tc ng ca cc cht gy nhim nc c tm tt nh sau:
Cc cht dinh dng (N, P): Cc cht dinh dng nng ln c kh nng gy ra
hin tng ph dng lm nh hng xu n cht lng ngun nc tip nhn.
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39
Mc n (dBA)
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
Trung tm Cng ngh mi trng Nng, 25 Hong Diu, Tp. Nng. Tel: 0511.3824402, Fax: 0511.3824120
40
Ld = 10 lg(R2/R1)1+a.(dB)
: a = -0,1
: a = 0,1
V d:
Theo s liu o c, mc n ln nht do hot ng ca nh my gy ra l 84 dBA ti
khu vc dy chuyn sn xut ph thi do. Khi lan truyn trong khng kh, cng n s
gim dn theo khong cch. Do b mt a hnh l mt t trng cy, c (a = 0,1), khi ti
v tr cch xa ngun gy n 100m (R2 = 100m) th mc suy gim ca ting n l:
L = 20 lg(100/1)1+0,1 = 44 (dB)
Nh vy, khong cch 100m, cng n cn li l: 84 44 = 40 dBA.
Gi tr ny nh hn so vi mc quy nh trong TCVN 5949-1998 - Mc n ti a cho
php khu vc cng cng v dn c. Vi mc n tnh c nh trn, c th khng nh hot
ng ca nh my khng nh hng v ting n i vi ngi dn sng xung quanh.
3.3.4 Tc ng n mi trng t
Khu vc xy dng nh my l vng t i vi cc loi cy trng c gi tr kinh t
thp hoc cy bi mc t nhin. Vic hnh thnh nh my x l rc s lm tng gi tr
s dng t, bin t i, t hoang thnh t phc v cho cng nghip.
Trong qu trnh hot ng ca nh my, cc loi cht thi pht sinh u c thu gom
v x l trit , hn na ton b mt bng ca nh my c b tng ho nn cc
cht nhim khng c kh nng thm vo t gy nhim t, nc ngm. Nh vy,
hot ng ca nh my m bo khng nh hng n mi trng t.
3.3.5 Tc ng do nhim nhit
Qu trnh hot ng ca nh my c bit l nhng khu vc nh sn xut sn phm
nha, l t... thng to ra nhit cao. Tng cc nhit lng ny to vo khng gian nh
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41
Tc hi ca bi:
- Gy bnh ng h hp: Bi vo phi gy kch thch c hc v pht sinh phn ng
x ho phi gy nn nhng bnh v ng h hp, gy ra vim mi ph i lm cho
nim mc dy ln, tit nhiu nim dch lm cho th ht kh khn. Sau vi nm tr
thnh vim mi teo, gim kh nng lc gi bi, lm cho bnh phi nhim bi d pht
sinh. Bi vo phi thng gy kch thch c hc v pht sinh phn ng x ho phi.
- Gy bnh ngoi da: Bi tc ng n cc tuyn nhn lm cho da kh, d sinh mn
nht,
- Gy tn hi mt trong trng hp khng mang knh phng h
Trung tm Cng ngh mi trng Nng, 25 Hong Diu, Tp. Nng. Tel: 0511.3824402, Fax: 0511.3824120
42
Tc hi
>500
48 gi
300-400
2-10 ngy
150-200
3-5 tun
50-100
6-8 tun
Cht ngi
Gy vim phi v cht
Trung tm Cng ngh mi trng Nng, 25 Hong Diu, Tp. Nng. Tel: 0511.3824402, Fax: 0511.3824120
43
Kinh t - x hi
Hot ng sn xut
Qu trnh
Cung cp nguyn
sn xut
liu
++
im
tng cng
+
Nc ngm
Nc mt
t
++
Ti nguyn sinh vt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+++
Trung tm Cng ngh mi trng Nng, 25 Hong Diu, Tp. Nng. Tel: 0511.3824402, Fax: 0511.3824120
44
Trung tm Cng ngh mi trng Nng, 25 Hong Diu, Tp. Nng. Tel: 0511.3824402, Fax: 0511.3824120
45
CHNG 4
CC BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG XU,
PHNG NGA V NG PH S C MI TRNG
4.1. I VI CC TC NG XU
4.1.1 Bin php gim thiu nhim khng kh
Bin php kh mi hi
Mi hi pht sinh trong qu trnh hot ng ca nh my ch yu t cng on tip
nhn, phn loi v rc c sc kh. khng ch ngun nhim ny, chng ti thc hin cc
bin php sau:
Nghin cu hon thin cc chng vi sinh kh mi hi v quy trnh cng ngh phun
phi trn cc chng vi sinh vi nhau tng hiu qu kh mi
Dng x cellulo si ngn ht kh cc vng nc r rc nu c v ph chng ln b
mt cc hm nhm lm tng m.
Thng xuyn v sinh thit b v nh xng vo cui mi ca sn xut.
Phi trn phun b sung vi sinh c chng kh mi hi trong qu trnh hoai hn hp
hu c.
Phun vi sinh kh mi vo cc hc my, nhng v tr kh lm v sinh kh mi trit
vo cui mi ca lm vic.
Thng gi nh xng pht tn mi hi
Gio dc thc v sinh, k lut lao ng cho mi cn b cng nhn trong nh my
nhm gi cho mi trng lm vic lun c sch s, khng c mi hi kh chu.
Tng cng trng cy xanh trong nh my
X l bi pht sinh trong qu trnh sn xut:
Trong qu trnh sn xut ca nh my, bi pht sinh ch yu khu vc trn ph gia v
ng bao sn phm phn hu c. Tuy nhin, hm lng bi khng ln nn khng nh hng
n mi trng xung quanh, ch yu tc ng n cng nhn lm vic trong nh my.
hn ch cc tc ng do bi gy ra, chng ti thc hin cc bin php sau:
-
46
sn phm nha, nhit bung gia nhit ln ti 1500C. nhit ny, nha c kh nng
phn hu to ra kh HCl. khng ch ngun nhim ny, chng ti lp t h thng ht
v lc kh thi ti cc ming n nha do ti ch.
S b tr h thng nh sau:
Kh sch thot ra
(3)
(2)
(4)
(1)
Ghi ch:
(3): Qut ht
X l kh thi l t rc
Mt s thnh phn ca rc thi khng ti ch c nh g ci, gi,... tch ra t qu trnh
phn loi rc c s dng cho l t cung cp nhit phc v cho qu trnh sn xut. Khi
Trung tm Cng ngh mi trng Nng, 25 Hong Diu, Tp. Nng. Tel: 0511.3824402, Fax: 0511.3824120
47
Ch tiu
Bi
SO2
NOx
CO
HCl
HF
Cd
Hg
Tng kim loi nng
(As, Pb, Mn, Cu, Ni)
VT
mg/m3
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
K1
92
288
172
88
26
< 0,5
< 0,01
< 0,01
1,4
K2
86
243
71
64
4
< 0,5
< 0,01
< 0,01
0,8
TCVN 5939-05
200
500
850
1000
50
20
5
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48
TT
1
2
3
4
5
Ch tiu
Nhit khi thi
Bi
SO2
NOx
CO
VT
0
C
mg/m3
,,
,,
mg/m3
K3
218
222,4
195,4
52,5
1322,7
K4
65
69,5
1,6
31,0
30,0
TCVN 5939-05
200
500
850
1000
Din tch t dnh cho trng cy xanh trong nh my l 6000m2, chim 14,28% tng din
tch t, t l trng cy xanh nh trn t yu cu so vi Quy chun xy dng Vit Nam l
10 15%.
4.1.2 Bin php gim thiu nhim nc
a. Nc r rc:
49
B gom
Bm
Ho cht keo
t (PAC)
B keo t
B lng
B lc
Bn cn
Phi kh
Chn lp
Ti s dng
* Thuyt minh: Nc thi t cng on ra ph thi do t chy theo mng thu gom v b
gom, sau c bm vo b keo t. Sau khi cho ho cht keo t (PAC), tin hnh khuy
trn trong thi gian khong 15 pht ri bm nc sang b lng. Sau thi gian lng, phn nc
trong pha trn t chy sang b lc, phn bn cn pha di y b c bm ln sn phi
kh v chn lp. Sn phi c thit k c mi che trnh nh hng ca nc ma. Nc
thi sau khi qua cc b lng, lc s c tun hon ti s dng vo cng on ra ph thi
do, phn nc d tha (nu c) s c dng phun vo cc hm rc hu c lm tng
m. Vic ti s dng nc va gip gim chi ph nc cp u vo, va m bo khng
nh hng n ngun nc mt khu vc.
Trung tm Cng ngh mi trng Nng, 25 Hong Diu, Tp. Nng. Tel: 0511.3824402, Fax: 0511.3824120
50
: 4 5 1 = 20 m3.
B keo t
: 4 5 4 = 80 m3
B lng
: 4 5 4 = 80 m3.
B lc
: 4 5 4 = 80 m3.
aNT
(m3) = 13,3 m3
1000
bN
(m3) = 9,5 m3
1000
d. Nc ma chy trn
Nc ma chy trn trn mt bng nh my s cun theo t ct, cht cn b xung
h thng thot nc. Lng nc ma chy trn ny c th gy tc hi xu ti mi trng v
h sinh thi trong khu vc nu nh khng c h thng thu gom v x l thch hp.
khng ch ngun nhim ny, chng ti xy dng hon chnh h thng mng thu
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51
gom v b lng cn. Nc ma sau khi lng cn s c thi ra khe Vc pha ng nh my.
4.1.3 Gim thiu nhim do cht thi rn
4.1.3.1 Cht thi rn sn xut:
a. Thnh phn: sau qu trnh phn loi rc, cc loi cht thi rn khng s dng c ti
b.
nh my bao gm:
+ V kh v cht n
+ Xc gia sc v ph thi y t, cc cht thi nguy hi khc.
+ Gch,
+ Ph liu
Bin php x l
i vi v kh v cht n: chng ti s bo co v lp h s chuyn giao cho c quan
qun s a phng c bin php x l an ton.
Gch, : chn lp ti bi rc
i vi ph liu: thu gom bn cho cc c s ti ch.
cht, bnh in, cquy, ng kim tim,... c thu gom v chn lp ti bi rc thnh
ph. Vic thu gom v x l loi rc thi ny c chng ti thc hin theo ng cc
quy nh trong Quy ch qun l cht thi rn nguy hi (Ban hnh km theo Quyt
nh s 155/1999/Q-TTg ngy 16/07/1999 ca Th tng chnh ph). Trong thi
gian ti, chng ti s hp tc vi Vin cng ngh mi trng thit k, lp t 01 l
t cht thi nguy hi. Qu trnh lp t v vn hnh l t ny s c chng ti
nh gi sau.
4.1.3.2 Cht thi rn sinh hot:
Nh my b tr cc gi rc thu gom v a n khu vc tip nhn rc x l.
4.1.4 Cc bin php nhm hn ch ting n
Kim tra mn chi tit v nh k cho du bi trn
C ch bo tr, bo dng my mc thit b theo nh k.
Trang b y dng c bo h cho cng nhn.
4.1.5 Bin php phng chng bnh ngh nghip
Chng ti cam kt chp hnh nghim chnh Ngh nh 06/CP ca Chnh ph ngy
20/1/95 quy nh chi tit mt s iu ca B lut lao ng v an ton lao ng, v sinh lao
ng. Chng ti cng s p dng mt s bin php phng chng bnh ngh nghip nh sau:
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52
cch in ca cc ph ti
Trung tm Cng ngh mi trng Nng, 25 Hong Diu, Tp. Nng. Tel: 0511.3824402, Fax: 0511.3824120
53
Trung tm Cng ngh mi trng Nng, 25 Hong Diu, Tp. Nng. Tel: 0511.3824402, Fax: 0511.3824120
54
CHNG 5
CAM KT THC HIN BIN PHP BO V MI TRNG
Chng ti cam kt thc hin cc bin php bo v mi trng cng nh cc quy nh
chung v bo v mi trng c lin quan n qu trnh hot ng ca nh my. C th nh
sau:
gim thiu cc tc ng c hi n mi trng, chng ti s thc hin nhng bin
php bo v mi trng (nh trnh by trong chng IV) trong sut qu trnh hot
ng ca nh my. Cc hng mc cng trnh x l nhim c xy dng hon chnh.
Chng ti s phi hp vi S Ti nguyn & Mi trng Tha Thin - Hu thc hin ng
chng trnh gim st mi trng nh xut trong bo co trong sut qu trnh hot
ng ca nh my.
Chng ti s thc hin ng, y cc ni dung quy nh ti Khon 1, iu 23 ca Lut
bo v mi trng Vit Nam ngy 29/11/ 2005, c th nh sau:
Nim yt cng khai ti nh my v cc loi cht thi, cng ngh x l, cc gii php
bo v mi trng cng ng dn c bit, kim tra, gim st.
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55
CHNG 6
CC CNG TRNH X L MI TRNG,
CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG
6.1. DANH MC CC CNG TRNH X L MI TRNG
Cc cng trnh x l mi trng ca nh my gm c:
H thng thot nc ma
H thng thu gom nc r rc.
H thng x l nc thi ra ph thi do
L t rc hu c kh phn hu
H thng ht v lc kh thi ti cc my n to ht nha v sn xut sn phm nha.
H thng cy xanh trong nh my
Cc cng trnh x l mi trng trn c trin khai xy dng hon chnh.
6.2. CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG
6.2.1 Chng trnh qun l mi trng
Chng ti s b tr cn b chuyn trch v vn bo v mi trng cho nh my, vi
nhim v chnh l:
+
Thng xuyn theo di pht hin kp thi v c bin php ngn chn cc s c mi
trng c th xy ra.
Theo di tnh hnh pht thi nhim ti cc cng on trong dy chuyn sn xut.
Phi hp vi cc c quan chc nng gii quyt cc tranh chp, khiu ni, t co v bo v
mi trng do hot ng ca nh my gy ra.
Chng ti s phi hp vi S Ti nguyn v mi trng tnh Tha Thin - Hu nh k
thc hin vic gim st mi trng theo ng chng trnh c ph duyt.
6.2.2 Chng trnh gim st mi trng
m bo hot ng ca nh my khng gy tc ng tiu cc n mi trng xung
quanh v nh gi hiu qu ca cc bin php gim thiu nhim mi trng c p
dng. Chng trnh gim st cht lng mi trng c xut sau y s c p dng
trong sut thi gian hot ng ca nh my
Chng ti s phi hp vi C quan chuyn mn v bo v mi trng thc hin vic
quan trc, gim st mi trng. Tnh trng mi trng s c thng xuyn theo di, cc s
Trung tm Cng ngh mi trng Nng, 25 Hong Diu, Tp. Nng. Tel: 0511.3824402, Fax: 0511.3824120
56
57
quanh.
+ TCVN 5949 1998: Ting n khu vc cng cng v dn c - Mc n ti a cho php.
- Tn sut gim st: 06 thng/ln
Gim st nc mt
- Thng s chn lc: pH, BOD, COD, SS, kim loi nng, NH3, du m.
- V tr gim st: 02 im
+ im M1: Nc khe Vc, pha trn im tip nhn nc ma t nh my
+ im M2: Nc khe Vc, pha di im tip nhn nc ma t nh my 100m
- Tiu chun so snh: TCVN 5942-1995: Tiu chun cht lng nc mt.
- Tn sut gim st: 06 thng/ln
c. Kinh ph thc hin gim st mi trng
-
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58
CHNG 7
THAM VN KIN CNG NG
Trn c s Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng Nh my x l rc Thu Phng,
tnh Tha Thin Hu, U ban nhn nhn v U ban mt trn t quc x Thu Phng u
c chung kin nh sau:
Chnh quyn v nhn dn x Thu Phng rt hoan nghnh vi vic Cng ty Tm
Sinh Ngha trin khai nhanh chng d n.
Hin nay nh my ht sc khang trang sch p, m bo v sinh mi trng v
cnh quan khu vc. T ngy nh my hot ng n nay cha c bt k mt khiu
ni no v v sinh mi trng v cnh quan khu vc.
Hot ng ca nh my gp phn ang k trong vic gim thiu nhim mi
trng cho a phng do tn ti bi chn lp t nhin vi khi lng rt ln rc
thi sinh hot ca thnh ph Hu gy ra. Bn cnh nh my gii quyt mt
khi lng ng k cng n vic lm cho nhn dn a phng.
ngh nh my duy tr v pht trin hn na kt qu t c trong vic m bo
v sinh mi trng, thc hin tt nhng ni dung nu trong bo co nh gi tc
ng mi trng, c bit l nhng bin php gim thiu nhim mi trng cho
nh my x l rc v a phng.
(Xem vn bn phn ph lc)
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59
CHNG 8
NGUN CUNG CP S LIU, D LIU
V PHNG PHP NH GI
8.1. NGUN CUNG CP S LIU, D LIU
8.1.1 Ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho
1. World bank, Guidelines for EIA, 1989.
2. Tuyn tp cc tiu chun Vit Nam v mi trng nm 2002, 2005.
3. Nguyn c Khin: Qun l cht thi rn nguy hi, NXB Xy dng, H Ni - 2003
4. Phm Ngc ng: Mi trng khng kh, NXB KHKT, H Ni -1997.
5. Trn Hiu Nhu, ng Quc Dng, Nguyn Th Kim Thi: Qun l cht thi rn, NXB
Xy dng, H Ni 2001.
6. Trn Ngc Chn: nhim khng kh v x l kh thi, NXBKHKT, H Ni - 2001
7. L Thc Cn v tp th tc gi: nh gi tc ng mi trng phng php lun v kinh
nghim thc tin, Nxb KH-KT, H Ni 1994.
8. L Trnh: nh gi tc ng mi trng Phng php v ng dng, Nxb KH-KT, H
Ni 2000
9. Chng trnh mi trng Lin hp quc (UNEP): nh gi tc ng mi trng - Nhng
quy trnh c bn i vi cc nc ang pht trin - Cc mi trng, 1988
10. Cc mi trng: Hng dn v quan trc mi trng, 1998.
11. Hong Xun C, Phm Ngc H: Gio trnh nh gi tc ng mi trng, i hc
QGHN, 1998
Cc ti liu trn u l nhng ti liu tham kho, gio trnh ging dy c gi tr, c s
dng ph bin hin nay nn c mc chi tit v tin cy cao.
8.1.2 Ngun ti liu, d liu do ch d n t to lp
D n Hon thin dy chuyn cng ngh thit b An Sinh ASC x l rc thi sinh
hot cha qua phn loi u ngun v m rng nh my x l rc Thu Phng
Hu.
8.2. PHNG PHP P DNG TRONG QU TRNH TM
-
Phng php thng k: ng dng trong vic thu thp v x l cc s liu kh tng, thy
vn, kinh t x hi ti khu vc nh my.
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60
Phng php kho st, ly mu ngoi hin trng v phn tch trong phng th nghim
nhm xc nh cc thng s v hin trng cht lng mi trng khng kh, mi trng
nc ti khu vc nh my. Phng php thu mu, phn tch mu c thc hin theo cc
Tiu chun Vit Nam.
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61
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62
MC LC
M U
1. TM TT V XUT X CA D N...................................................................................1
2. CN C PHP LUT V K THUT CA VIC THC HIN TM...............................1
3. MC CH CA VIC LP BO CO...................................................................................2
4. T CHC THC HIN TM....................................................................................................2
CHNG 1
M
T TM TT V NH MY...................................................................... 3
1.1. TN NH MY.......................................................................................................................3
1.2. CH U T..........................................................................................................................3
1.3. V TR A L CA NH MY...........................................................................................3
1.3.1 V tr a l..............................................................................................................3
1.3.2 Gii hn khu t......................................................................................................3
1.3.3 Mi tng quan ca a im xy dng nh my vi cc i tng t nhin, kinh
t - x hi..........................................................................................................................3
1.4. NI DUNG CH YU CA D N.....................................................................................4
IU KIN
T NHIN, MI TRNG
V KINH T X HI TI KHU VC XY DNG NH MY..................21
2.1.1 Cc yu t kh hu.................................................................................................21
THNG
22
THNG
23
THNG
23
THNG
24
63
2.2.1 V tr a l............................................................................................................30
2.2.2 Hin trng s dng t..........................................................................................30
2.2.3 Dn s v lao ng................................................................................................31
2.2.4 Gio dc v Y t cng ng..................................................................................31
2.2.5 C s h tng v thng tin lin lc........................................................................31
2.2.6 Hin trng kinh t v nh hng pht trin kinh t ti a phng.....................32
CHNG 3
NH GI CC
TC NG MI TRNG
DO QU
TRNH HOT NG CA NH MY.....................................................33
CC
BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG XU,..........................................46
64
CHNG 5
CAM KT
THC HIN BIN PHP BO V MI TRNG.................................55
CHNG TI CAM KT THC HIN CC BIN PHP BO V MI TRNG CNG NH CC QUY NH CHUNG V BO
V MI TRNG C LIN QUAN N QU TRNH HOT NG CA NH MY. C TH NH SAU:..............55
CHNG 6
CC CNG
TRNH X L MI TRNG,
CHNG TRNH
QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG................................................56
NGUN CUNG
CP S LIU, D LIU
V PHNG
PHP NH GI....................................................................................60
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65