MC LC TRANG CHNG 1 DN NHP ............................................................................................... 9 1.1 T VN ....................................................................................................... 9 1.2 TM QUAN TRNG CA TI .................................................................. 10 1.3 GII HN TI NGHIN CU ................................................................... 10 1.

1.4 MC TIU NGHIN CU ................................................................................ 10 1.5 PHNG PHP NGHIN CU ....................................................................... 11 1.6 K HOCH NGHIN CU ............................................................................... 11 1.7 KT QU NGHIN CU CA TI ........................................................... 12 CHNG 2 S LC H THNG GSM .................................................................14 2.1 CC THNH PHN MNG GSM.................................................................... 14 2.1.1 CU HNH C BN CA H THNG THNG TIN DI NG GSM ...14 2.1.2 CHC NNG CA CC KHI ..................................................................15 2.2 BNG TN S DNG TRONG GSM .............................................................. 19 2.2.1 GSM 900 ........................................................................................................19 2.2.2 GSM 1800 ......................................................................................................20 2.2.3 GSM 1900 ......................................................................................................21 2.3 CC TH TC TRONG GSM ........................................................................... 21 2.3.1 CP NHT V TR ....................................................................................... 21 2.3.2 TH TC TM GI ...................................................................................... 25 2.3.3 TH TC KHI XNG CUC GI ....................................................... 25 2.3.4 TH TC NHN CUC GI .....................................................................26 2.3.5 CHUYN GIAO (HANDOVER)..................................................................27 2.4 M T QU TRNH THIT LP CUC GI TRONG MNG GSM ........... 28 2.4.1 TRM DI DNG MS THC HIN CUC GI ........................................28 2.4.2 MS NHN CUC GI .................................................................................30 CHNG 3 TNG QUAN V TIN NHN SMS ...................................................... 33 3.1 GII THIU V SMS ......................................................................................... 33 3.2 TIN NHN SMS CHUI/ TIN NHN SMS DI ............................................. 33 3.3 IU G LM CHO TIN NHN SMS TR LN RNG KHP .................... 34 3.4 SMS CENTRE/SMSC ......................................................................................... 35

3.5 NHN TIN SMS QUC T ............................................................................... 35 3.6 SMS GATEWAY ................................................................................................ 36 3.7 M NGUN M V PHN MM SMS GATEWAY ..................................... 38 CHNG 4 B GIAO THC TCP/IP ........................................................................39 4.1 GII THIU ........................................................................................................ 39 4.2 TNG QUT V TCP/IP ................................................................................... 39 4.2.1.TNG GIAO DIN MNG (NETWORK INTERFACE LAYER) ............39 4.2.2 TNG LIN MNG (INTERNET LAYER) ...............................................40 4.2.3 TNG GIAO VN (TRANSPORT LAYER) ..............................................40 4.2.4 TNG NG DNG (APPLICATION LAYER) .........................................40 4.3 A CH IP .......................................................................................................... 41 4.4 A CH IP PUBLIC V A CH IP PRIVATE.............................................. 43 4.4.1 A CH IP PUBLIC.....................................................................................43 4.4.2 A CH IP PRIVATE ..................................................................................43 4.5 LP A CH ...................................................................................................... 44 4.6 SUBNET MASK.................................................................................................. 46 4.7 DEFAULT GATEWAY ...................................................................................... 47 4.8 CHIA SUBNET ................................................................................................... 47 4.9 SUPERNETTING ................................................................................................ 49 4.10 CIDR (CLASSLES INTER-DOMAIN ROUTING) NH TUYN LIN VNG KHNG PHN LP .................................................................................... 50 4.11 VARIABLE LENGTH SUNET MASKS (SUBNET MASKS C CHIU DI THAY I) ............................................................................................................... 51 4.12 NGUYN L HOT NG CA GIAO THC TCP/IP V INTERNET ... 55 4.12.1 A CH VT L HAY CN GI L A CH MAC ........................... 59 4.12.2 SAP ..............................................................................................................60 4.12.3 A CH MNG( NETWORK ADDRESS) ..............................................60 4.12.4 PROTOCOL ID ........................................................................................... 62 4.12.5 PORT ...........................................................................................................62 4.12.6 USERNAME ............................................................................................... 62 4.13 CCH M PORT CHO MODEM .................................................................... 66 CHNG 5 THIT K PHN CNG .......................................................................70

5.1 TNG QUAN V H THNG .......................................................................... 70 5.2 S KHI CA GSM MODULE ................................................................. 71 5.3 KHI IU KHIN V GIAO TIP ................................................................ 72 5.3.1 S KHI ................................................................................................ 72 5.3.2 CHIP ARM STM32F103 ...............................................................................72 5.3.3 KHI MAX232 ............................................................................................. 85 5.3.4 KHI NGUN 5V S DNG IC 7805 ....................................................... 86 5.3.5 KHI NGUN 3.3V S DNG IC 1117 ....................................................87 5.4 KHI GSM MODULE SIM300CZ..................................................................... 88 5.4.1 S KHI ................................................................................................ 88 5.4.2 KHI MODULE SIM300CZ ........................................................................88 CHNG 6 KT LUN ............................................................................................118 6.1 SN PHM ....................................................................................................... 118 6.2 KT NI V S DNG H THNG ............................................................. 122 6.2.1 S DNG H THNG IU KHIN THIT B ..............................122 6.2.2 S DNG H THNG NH V I TNG ................................125 TI LIU THAM KHO ...........................................................................................127

LIT K HNH Hnh 1.M hnh h thng GSM .....................................................................................14 Hnh 2.H thng trm gc ............................................................................................. 15 Hnh 3.Chc nng ca MS ............................................................................................ 16 Hnh 4.SIM CARD .....................................................................................................17 Hnh 5.Giao tip gia SSS v cc h thng khc .......................................................... 18 Hnh 6.Bng tn GSM D900 ........................................................................................ 20 Hnh 7.Bng tn h thng DSC 1800 ............................................................................20 Hnh 8.Bng tn GSM 1900 .......................................................................................... 21 Hnh 9.Cp nht v tr kiu bnh thng ........................................................................22 Hnh 10.Qu trnh ri khi mng ..................................................................................23 Hnh 11.ng k nh k .............................................................................................. 24 Hnh 12.Cuc gi t mng c nh kt cui MS (MTC) ...........................................27 Hnh 13.Mt SMS gateway hot ng nh mt relay gia hai SMSC ......................... 36 Hnh 14.Mt ng dng tin nhn SMS dng text kt ni cc SMSC khng cn SMS gateway .......................................................................................................................... 37 Hnh 15.Mt ng dng tin nhn SMS dng text kt ni cc SMSC thng qua mt SMS gateway .......................................................................................................................... 37 Hnh 16.Mt ng dng tin nhn SMS dng text kt ni mt nhm cc in thoi (hay cc modem thng qua SMS gateway) ...........................................................................38 Hnh 17.M t khi qut v B giao thc TCP/IP ........................................................ 41 Hnh 18.Cu trc bit ca mt a ch IP(V4) ................................................................ 42 Hnh 19.Cch i s nh phn sang thp phn .............................................................. 43 Hnh 20.S khc bit gia cc lp IP ............................................................................45 Hnh 21.Minh ha u im ca chia Subnet .................................................................48 Hnh 22.Supernetting .....................................................................................................50 Hnh 23.nh tuyn lin vng khng phn lp ............................................................. 50 Hnh 24.Subnet mask chiu di thay i .......................................................................51 Hnh 25.Kt cu vt l ca mng ..................................................................................56 Hnh 26.ng i ca mng ......................................................................................... 57 Hnh 27.H thng tn v a ch ca mng Internet ...................................................... 59 Hnh 28.a ch IP vt l ............................................................................................... 60 Hnh 29.S DNS .......................................................................................................61 Hnh 30.Gi 13 byte d liu theo chun TCP ............................................................... 64 Hnh 31.D liu thng bo tha nhn ACK ..................................................................64 Hnh 32.Qu trnh kt ni gia 2 my trong mng........................................................ 65 Hnh 33.ng nhp modem ........................................................................................... 66 Hnh 34.Giao din Port NAT......................................................................................... 67 Hnh 35.Thay i thng s Port NAT ...........................................................................67 Hnh 36.B chn Active Firewall ..................................................................................68 Hnh 37.S hot ng tng quan ca h thng ........................................................ 70

Hnh 38.S khi GSM module .................................................................................71 Hnh 39.S khi ca mch iu khin v giao tip ..................................................72 Hnh 40.Chip ARM Cortex M3 .....................................................................................72 Hnh 41.So snh b nh ARM thng v ARM Cortex ...............................................74 Hnh 42.S chn chip STM32F103 ..........................................................................75 Hnh 43.S khi ca thit b ngoi vi USB .............................................................. 76 Hnh 44. di Word lp trnh ...................................................................................... 82 Hnh 45.Cu hnh cc bit Stop ....................................................................................... 83 Hnh 46.Pht hin bit Start ............................................................................................ 84 Hnh 47.S mch nguyn l khi MAX232 ............................................................. 85 Hnh 48.S chn ca IC MAX232 ...........................................................................86 Hnh 49.S mch nguyn l ngun 5V ....................................................................86 Hnh 50.S chn IC 7805 ......................................................................................... 87 Hnh 51.Khi ngun 3.3V s dng IC 1117 .................................................................87 Hnh 52.S khi tng quan ca module GSM ......................................................... 88 Hnh 53.Kch thc k thut ca module SIM300CZ ..................................................91 Hnh 54.V tr chn kt ni DIP ca module SIM300CZ ..............................................91 Hnh 55.Ni chn VBAT cho module Sim300CZ ........................................................ 96 Hnh 56.in p VBAT trong qu trnh truyn............................................................. 96 Hnh 57.Thi gian m SIM300CZ ................................................................................96 Hnh 58.Kt ni giao tip ni tip .................................................................................97 Hnh 59.Giao tip nng cp phn mm v giao tip .....................................................98 Hnh 60.Cu hnh giao tip Speaker ..............................................................................99 Hnh 61.Cu hnh giao tip Speaker vi b khuch i ................................................99 Hnh 62.Cu hnh giao tip Microphone .....................................................................100 Hnh 63.Cu hnh Buzzer ............................................................................................100 Hnh 64.Giao tip th SIM ..........................................................................................101 Hnh 65.Mch kt ni LED bo NETLIGHT ..............................................................101 Hnh 66.Thit lp cu hnh mc nh ..........................................................................102 Hnh 67.Khi to vng nh .........................................................................................105 Hnh 68.Nhn v c tin nhn .....................................................................................106 Hnh 69.Gi tin nhn ...................................................................................................107 Hnh 70.Thc hin cuc gi ........................................................................................109 Hnh 71.Nhn cuc gi n .........................................................................................111 Hnh 72.Khi to vng nh .........................................................................................112 Hnh 73.Thit lp kt ni GPRS ..................................................................................113 Hnh 74.Truyn nhn gi d liu TCP ........................................................................114 Hnh 75.Hy b kt ni ...............................................................................................115 Hnh 76.S mch nguyn l mch ngun ..............................................................116 Hnh 77.IC LM2576 ....................................................................................................117 Hnh 78.Layout Kit ARM............................................................................................118

Hnh 79.Kit iu khin - ARM Kit ..............................................................................119 Hnh 80.Layout Kit GSM Sim300CZ .........................................................................120 Hnh 81.Module Sim300CZ ........................................................................................121 Hnh 82.Giao din iu khin ca phn mm SMSCK ...............................................122 Hnh 83.Giao tip iu khin ngoi vi qua cng USB ................................................122 Hnh 84.M hnh iu khin qua Socket .....................................................................123 Hnh 85.M hnh iu khin qua tin nhn SMS ..........................................................123 Hnh 86.M hnh h thng y ...............................................................................124 Hnh 87.M hnh h thng nh v i tng ..............................................................125

LIT K BNG Bng 1.K hoch thc hin ti ..................................................................................11 Bng 2.M t s kt hp gia k hiu thp phn v k hiu khoa hc .......................... 42 Bng 3.Cc vng IP cung cp cho host .........................................................................44 Bng 4.M t khi qut v cc lp a ch IP ................................................................ 45 Bng 5.Nhng Subnet Mask mc nh cho cc Lp mng ...........................................46 Bng 6.Chia Subnet Mask ............................................................................................. 53 Bng 7.Chia Subnet Mask ............................................................................................. 54 Bng 8.Chia Subnet Mask ............................................................................................. 54 Bng 9.Chia Subnet Mask cho cc lp ..........................................................................55 Bng 10.Tnh nng ch cht SIM300CZ ......................................................................89 Bng 11.Chc nng chn ca module SIM300CZ ........................................................ 92 Bng 12.M t chn kt ni DIP ...................................................................................93 Bng 13.Trng thi bo hiu n .................................................................................101

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CHNG 1 DN NHP
1.1 T VN Ngy nay, vi s pht trin nh v bo ca khoa hc cng ngh, c bit l s bng n trong lnh vc Cng ngh thng tin v Vin thng to ra bc ngoc quan trng p ng nhu cu ca con ngi, bin nhng i hi tng chng nh khng tng trc y thnh hin thc. Vi nhu cu thng tin ngy cng tng ca con ngi, mng vin thng ra i p ng nhu cu . Hin nay, mng vin thng tr nn ph bin trn ton cu v gn gi vi con ngi, khng ch p ng nhu cu trao i thng tin n thun (nghe gi, nhn tin) m chng cng ngy cng c ng dng rng ri vo nhiu lnh vc. Vi s pht trin nhanh chng cc dch v v ng dng vic thng tin qua mng vin thng ngy tin li, tit kim thi gian, m bo an ton v tit kim c chi ph s dng. Vi cht lng mng vin thng nh hin nay to iu kin cho cc ng dng v iu khin t xa ra i v cng ngy cng c ng dng rng ri. X hi loi ngi pht trin i hi con ngi phi hot ng trong cc mi trng phc tp v nguy him hn, khi iu khin t xa tr nn mt yu cu tt yu. T nhng robot lm vic trong cc hm m, nh my in ht nhn, di y i dng, robot chin trng hay cc robot khm ph cc hnh tinh xa xi u l cc thnh tu cng ngh v iu khin t xa. Vi s pht trin ca mng Internet v cng ngh robot, ngnh y khoa thc hin c mt vic khng tng l phu thut tim t xa qua mng Internet. Bc s chuyn gia tim mch ngi M Andre Ng thc hin thnh cng ca phu thut tim t xa u tin ca th gii ti Bnh vin Glenfield Leicester thuc Vng quc Anh. Bng cch s dng thao tc trn b iu khin Remote Catheter c ch to bi cng ty Catheter Robotics New Jersey, United States. Vi iu kin c s vt cht hin c nc ta v nhu cu thc t. Th ng dng iu khin cc thit b t xa qua mng Internet v mng in thoi di ng GSM l rt kh thi. ng dng ny s gip ngi iu khin cc th qun l v iu khin cc thit b mt cch nhanh chng, chnh xc, hiu qu m khng b gii hn v khong cch ch cn ni c mng Internet hoc mng di ng ph sng. Xut pht t thc tin , nhm thc hin ti quyt nh nghin cu v thc hin ti THIT K H THNG GIM ST V IU KHIN T XA QUA MNG INTERNET V GSM Vi ti trn nhm ti thc hin vic iu khin t xa theo ba hng hng chnh: iu khin trc tip qua cp USB kt ni gia my tnh c ci phn mm ng dng SMS Controller Kit v KIT iu khin. Cho php iu khin thit b qua phn mm vi khon cch ngn.

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iu khin Kit iu khin thng qua Socket mng Internet/LAN gia cc my tnh c ci phn mm SMS Controller Kit. iu khin thit b qua tin nhn SMS t bt k thu bao di ng no. KIT iu khin s nhn tin nhn SMS theo cu trc cho trc. Phn tch yu cu iu khin v thc hin iu khin thit b. Ngoi ra h thng cn c cc chc nng ph ging nh mt chic di ng nh nhn v thc hin cuc gi v nhn tin. 1.2 TM QUAN TRNG CA TI Hin nay, t nc ta ang tin hnh cng nghip ha hin i ha t nc. ng trc bi cnh bng n khoa hc cng ngh hin nay. Vit Nam thc hin ch trng i tc n u v khoa hc cng ngh, to tin cho cc lnh vc khc pht trin. V Vit Nam ang tr thnh ni y tim nng v pht trin khoa hc cng ngh v in t. c bit l ni pht trin nhanh chng trong cc lnh vc Cng ngh thng tin, in t vin thng v t ng ha. Trong lnh vc in t th ng dng iu khin t xa kh ph bin, chng hn nh: iu khin bng tia hng ngoi, sng v tuyn, sng siu m ... tuy nhin nhng phng php ny hn ch v iu kin mi trng, a hnh v phm vi iu khin hp. Do , ti ny khng nhng l mt yu cu t thc t khch quan m c vai tr c bit quan trng trong hin ti v tng lai. u im rt d nhn thy ca ti l khc phc cc hn ch v khong cch, rt thng dng d dng thc hin vi cc thit b gn gi vi con ngi, s gp phn tng hiu sut thit b, gim tn hao v thi gian v chi ph. t bit l n rt ph hp vi phong cch lm vic ngy cng hin i v nng ng trong thi k khoa hc cng ngh hin nay. V vy, vic thc hin ti l mt nhu cu ht sc cn thit v cng l l do nhm thc hin quyt nh chn ti ny. 1.3 GII HN TI NGHIN CU Do iu kin thi gian v kinh ph c hn, kinh nghim v kin thc cn hn ch nn phm vi ti ca nhm thc hin gm cc ni dung nh sau: - S dng module SIM300CZ thit lp giao tip vi mng di ng GSM v GPRS. - Dng chip ARM STM32F103x lm chip iu khin thit b v giao tip vi phn mm qun l . - S dng Socket mng v tin nhn phc v cho vic iu khin t xa. 1.4 MC TIU NGHIN CU - n c nghin cu v thc hin vi mc ch p dng nhng kin thc c hc trong nh trng thit k, to ra mt h thng iu khin t ng t xa bng tin nhn SMS v qua mng Internet hon chnh.

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- Tm hiu v h thng in thoi di ng GSM hin nay. Nghin cu v s dng cc module GSM/GPRS ph bin hin nay (V d nh cc module SIMxxx). Module nhm thc hin nghin cu v s dng l module SIM300CZ ca hng SIMCom. - Nghin cu v s dng chip vi iu khin ARM Cortex M3. Chip m nhm tin hnh nghin cu v s dng l chip STM32F103 ca hng STMicroelectronics. - Nghin cu v lp trnh socket trn Java. Sn phm ca nhm l phn mm giao tip iu khin SMS Controller Kit. C kh nng giao tip vi KIT iu khin qua cng USB v giao tip Socket vi my tnh khc qua mng Internet vi chun giao tip TCP/IP. - Nghin cu lp trnh Driver cho h thng. M c th y l lp trnh driver cho cng USB. 1.5 PHNG PHP NGHIN CU Phng php c v nghin cu ti liu: Ch yu l cc ti liu c kin thc lin h n k thut in t, ngoi vi v vi x l, cc phng thc giao tip. Phn tch cng trnh lin quan. Phng php thc nghim: Kt ni phn cng (board) giao tip USB, Cng COM, socket. Dng module kho st o t v tr sau gi v server qua kt ni Internet v GPRS 1.6 K HOCH NGHIN CU Bng 1: K hoch thc hin ti

Thi gian STT Ni dung Tun 1,2 Tun 3,4 Tun 5,6 Tun 7,8 Tun 9,10 Tun 11,12

1 2 3

Xc nh ti Thu thp ti liu c phn tch ti liu Thit k v thi cng phn cng Thit k phn mm

X X X X X X X X

4 5

X X

X X X

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Vit cng v in n

1.7 KT QU NGHIN CU CA TI Vi nhng mc tiu v k hoch ra, cng vi s n lc nghin cu, tm ti ca cc thnh vin trong nhm thc hin ti, nhm thc hin t c nhng kt qu nht nh sau: Thit k thnh cng kit giao tip module sim300CZ vi cc tnh nng: + Nhn v gi in thoi thng qua phn mm iu khin SMS Controller Kit giao tip vi kit iu khin. + Nhn v gi tin nhn thng qua phn mm iu khin SMS Controller Kit giao tip vi kit iu khin. Thit k thnh cng kit iu khin giao tip s dng chip ARM Cortex M3 vi cc tnh nng sau: + Giao tip vi phn mm iu khin qua cng USB gi nhn v x l cc yu cu t phn mm iu khin SMS Controller Kit nh : iu khin bt tt thit b, gi in, nhn cuc gi, nhn tin nhn v gi tin nhn. + Giao tip thnh cng vi kit SIM300CZ nhn cuc gi, gi in, nhn tin nhn v gi tin nhn + C kh nng nhn cuc gi c lp m khng cn kt ni n my tnh v phn mm iu khin + C kh nng iu khin thit b thng qua tin nhn mt cch c lp m khng cn kt ni n my tnh v phn mm iu khin Thit k thnh cng phn mm iu khin SMS Controller Kit vi cc tnh nng: + L mt phn mm ci t hon chnh c th hot ng trn cc phin bn Windows XP,Windows Vista v Windows 7. + Giao tip vi kit iu khin gi cc yu cu iu khin thit b. + C th gi in, nhn tin, nhn cuc gi v nhn tin nhn thng qua kt ni vi ngoi vi l kit iu khin v kit SIM300CZ. + Gi nhn cc yu cu iu khin bt tt thit b trn socket mng cng nh thng qua tin nhn SMS. + C kh nng nh v, gim st ton cu cc i tng v hin th ln bn Google Earth cng nh bn c nhn. Mt h thng qun l xe bus hon chnh c chn minh ha cho kh nng ca phn mm. + Cho php kim tra thng tin ti khon cng nh kim sot thng tin mng di ng ca kit iu khin. Ngoi ra, kit iu khin c thit k sn sng cho vic pht trin cc ng dng di ng cc ti lin quan n lp trnh di ng trong tng lai.

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CHNG 2 S LC H THNG GSM

2.1 CC THNH PHN MNG GSM 2.1.1 CU HNH C BN CA H THNG THNG TIN DI NG GSM
SS

ISDN

AUC

PSPDN

VLR

HLR

EIR

H thng chuyn mch

PSTN

MSC

OMS

PLMN BSS BSC BTS H thng trm gc Truyn dn tin tc Kt ni cuc gi v truyn dn tin tc

MS

Hnh 1.M hnh h thng GSM Cc k hiu: SS (Switching Subsystem ): H thng chuyn mch AUC (Authentication Center ): Trung tm nhn thc VLR (Visitor Location Register ): Thanh ghi nh v tm tr HLR (Home Location Register ): Thanh ghi nh v thng tr EIR (Equipment Indentity Register ): Thanh ghi nhn dng thit b MSC (Mobile services Switching Center) Trung tm chuyn mch cc dch v di ng gi tt l: Tng i v tuyn BSS ( Base Station System ): H thng con trm gc BTS ( Base Transceiver Station ): Trm thu pht gc BSC (Base Station Controller ): B iu khin trm gc
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MS ( Mobile Station ): Trm di ng OMC ( Operation and Maintenance Center ): Trung tm khai thc v bo dng ISDN ( Integrated Services Digital Network): Mng s lin kt a dch v PSPISDN ( Packet Switch Public Data Network ): Mng s liu cng cng chuyn mch gi CSPDN ( Circuit Switch Public Data Network ): Mng s liu cng cng chuyn mch mch PSTN ( Public Switched Telephone Network ): Mng in thoi chuyn mch cng cng PLMN ( Public Land Mobile Network ): Mng di ng cng cng mt t 2.1.2 CHC NNG CA CC KHI Cu trc tng qut ca h thng GSM c th chia lm 3 h thng con: - H thng con trm gc BSS - H thng con chuyn mch SS - H thng con khai thc v bo dng OMS 2.1.2.1 H thng con BSS Chc nng ca BSS l to ra vng hot ng cho thu bao di ng v thc hin truyn dn thng sut tn hiu.

Hnh 2.H thng trm gc

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BSS gm c 4 thnh phn nh sau: MS: Trm di ng l thit b thu pht c nhn do ngi ng k thu bao trc tip s dng. MS c th l mt may in thoi di ng cm tay, my in thoi di ng xch tay hoc gn trn xe hi. i vi h thng GSM, mt MS gm 2 thnh phn ME v SIM. ME: L thit b phn cng thc hin chc nng thu pht tn hiu. ME tr thnh MS ch khi no SIM card c chn vo trong ME. Nu khng c SIM, ME khng th thc hin c bt c dch v no tr trng hp gi khn cp 112. Mi ME c nhn dng ring bang s nh ngha thit b duy nht (S IMEI) c lu tr bn trong. Mt ME c chia lm 3 khi chc nng: - Thit b u cui TE (Terminal Equipment): cung cp cho thu bao 1 dch v c th (v d my fax). TE khng thc hin bt c chc nng no ca h thng GSM. - MT (Mobile Termination): l thit b chu trch nhim v vic truyn dn thng tin qua giao din v tuyn. - Thit b thch ng TA (Terminal Adaptor): l thit b c s dng to ra s tng hp gia TE v MT.

Hnh 3.Chc nng ca MS SIM : L th chip m bn trong c cc b nh lu tr thng tin c nhn ca thu bao di ng v mt s thng tin ca mng.

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Hnh 4.SIM CARD SIM-card c mt vng nh c nh lu tr cc thng tin ca 1 thu bao c th no , bao gm: - IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity): y l ch s phn bit cc thu bao khc nhau trong mng GSM. IMSI c ti a 15 ch s: - MCC (Mobile Country Code): c 3 ch s, xc nh quc gia m thu bao ng k. - MNC (Mobile Network Code): c 2 ch s, xc nh mng di ng m thu bao ng k. - MSIN (Mobile Subscriber Identification Number): mi gi tr MSIN s xc nh mt thu bao trong mng di ng. T s IMSI ta c th xc nh c mng thng tr (home network) ca thu bao. Kha nhn thc thu bao Ki. Thut ton bo mt A8. Ngoi cc thng tin trn bt buc phi c, trong mi SIM-card cn c mt s thng tin ty chn nh cc mu tin nhn, danh sch cc s in thoi vit tt (gm cc k t hay k hiu i din cho mt s in thoi no ), nhng s in thoi m thu bao va mi gi SIM-card c bo v bng 1 password, gi l m PIN (Personal Identity Number) gm t 4 n 8 ch s, do thu bao ty chn. Nu nhp sai gi tr ca PIN trong 3 ln lin tip (cho d gia cc ln SIM c rt ra hoc tt my) th SIM s b kha. m kha ngi s dng phi nhp vo 1 m s khc b kha, l PUK (PIN Unblocking Key) gm 8 ch s. Trong trng hp sau 10 ln m vn khng nhp c gi tr ng ca PUK th SIM b kha hon ton. Khi thu bao mun s dng thit b di ng thc hin mt dch v no th phi gn SIM-card vo. Nu khng c SIM, MS s khng hot ng c (ngoi tr cc cuc gi khn cp). Mt SIM-card c th c s dng cho nhiu loi ME khc nhau, do rt thun tin cho ngi s dng. Chng hn khi my in thoi ca thu bao b hng, h c th mn my ca ngi khc v gn SIM ca mnh vo dng tm trong thi gian sa cha. Nh vy c th ni SIM-card chnh l nn tng ca h thng lin lc c nhn. BTS: Trm thu pht gc, chc nng ca BTS l to ra vng hot ng cho MS. Vng ph sng nh nht ca mt BTS gi l mt t bo ( cell ). BTS giao tip vi MS qua ng v tuyn. BTS hot ng di s iu khin ca BSC.
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BSC: B iu khin trm gc, chc nng chnh ca BSC l iu khin cc hot ng ca BTS nh: qun l ti nguyn v tuyn, iu khin nhy tn, iu khin chuyn giao Mt BSC c th iu khin nhiu BTS. Vi chc nng ngy, mt BSC c th c xem nh l mt b chuyn mch-bo hiu. TRAU ( Transcoding and Rate Adaption Unit ): B tng thch tc v chuyn m. Nhim v ca TRAU l bin i tc ca lung d liu cho ph hp vi ng truyn ng thi cn thc hin chc nng chuyn m. Tu theo cu hnh tng mng khc nhau m TRAU c th lp t BSC hoc MSC. 2.1.2.2 H thng con chuyn mch SS Chc nng chnh ca SS l x l cuc gi v qun l thu bao di ng.

Hnh 5.Giao tip gia SSS v cc h thng khc Cc thnh phn trong SS gm 5 thnh phn: MSC: Trung tm chuyn mch cc dch v di ng l thnh phn trung tm ca SS, MSC thc hin tm ng v kt ni cuc gi, giao tip vi mng bn ngoi PSTN, ISDN, PLMN khc y l ni duy nht thc hin chc nng chuyn mch cuc gi trong h thng. Ngoi ra MSC cn tng hp s liu ca cc cuc gi tham gia qun l cc ph thu bao. HLR: Thanh ghi nh v thng tr n lu tr tt c cc thng tin ca thu bao di ng, thng tin lu tr trong HLR do ngi khai thc mng cp nht vo. Thng tin ngy khng cho bit v tr hin ti c th ca thu bao di ng m ch cho bit VLR m thu bao ang hin din. Cc trng thng tin lu tr trong HLR gm:
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IMSI : S nh ngha thu bao di ng quc t. Ki : Kho nhn thc thu bao. VLR : Hin ti ca thu bao. Cc dch v ca thu bao di ng. MSRN : S chuyn vng ca thu bao di ng

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VLR: Thanh ghi nh v tm tr l c s d liu cha thng tin ca MS. Thng tin ny cho bit v tr hin ti ca MS, trng thi ca MS Thng tin cp nht trong VLR mt cch t ng thng qua th tc cp nhp v tr ca thu bao. Thng tin trong VLR c tnh cch tm thi, n thay i kh thng xuyn. Ngoi ra VLR tham gia vic kim tra nhn thc mt thu bao c quyn truy xut vo mng hay khng. Cc trng thng tin lu tr trong VLR gm: Trng thi ca thu bao ( tt, m, bn, ri). S LAI hin ti ca thu bao. S thu bao tm thi ( TMSI ). MSRN : S chuyn vng ca thu bao di ng EIR: Thanh ghi nhn dng thit b dng qun l thit b di ng ME. Thng tin lu tr trong EIR chnh l cc s nh ngha thit b di ng. EIR c ni n MSC qua ng bo hiu, n cho php MSC kim tra s hp l ca thit b. Bang cch ngy mt MS c th c hoc khng c cho php truy xut vo mng AC: Trung tm nhn thc, chc nng ca AC l kt hp vi HLR cung cp cho VLR cc thng s nhn thc mt MS c quyn truy nhp vo mng hay thng 2.1.2.3 H thng con OMS OMS: Thc cht l mt mng my tnh c kt ni vi cc thnh phn trong h thng thc hin chc nng iu hnh v bo dng h thng. y cng l ni duy nht m ngi khai thc giao tip c vi mng di ng. Mt OMS gm c 2 thnh phn nh sau: OMC: Trung tm iu hnh v bo dng mng. OMC thc hin cc chc nng c tnh cch cc b. Trung tm ngy h tr mt s chc nng sau: Qun l cu hnh ca mng. Qun l qu trnh lm vic ca mng. Qun l bo mt NMC: Trung tm qun l mng, n gim st cc OMC trong mng. Chc nng gim st gm: Gim st cc s c v cnh bo. X l mt s s c trong mng 2.2 BNG TN S DNG TRONG GSM 2.2.1 GSM 900 GSM 900 lm vic trong khong tn 890 MHz 960 MHz c phn b nh sau:

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25 MHz Hng ln Hng xung

890 MHz

915 MHz

935 MHz

960 MHz

Hnh 6.Bng tn GSM D900 Bng tn hng ln ( MS pht, BTS thu )nm trong khong tn s : 890 MHz 915 MHz ( rng l 25 MHz ) Bng tn hng xung ( MS pht, BTS thu ) nm trong khong tn s : 935 MHz 960 MHz Trong D900 c chia lm 124 knh tn s ( RFC ). Mi knh c hai tn s: Mt cho hng ln v mt cho hng xung, khong cch gia hai tn s hng ln v hng xung trong cng mt knh l 45 MHz. rng bng mi knh l 200 KHz Cc mng di ng GSM Vit Nam hin nay ang s dng bng tn ny 2.2.2 GSM 1800 DSC1800 lm vic trong khong tn 1710 MHz 1880 MHz, phn b nh sau:
90 MHz

Hng ln

Hng xung

1710 MHz

1785 MHz

1805 MHz

1880 MHz

Hnh 7.Bng tn h thng DSC 1800 Bng tn hng ln ( MS pht, BTS thu ) nm trong khong tn s: 1710 MHz 1785 MHz ( rng l 75 MHz ) Bng tn hng xung ( MS pht, BTS thu ) nm trong khong tn s: 1805 MHz 1880 MHz Trong DSC1800 c chia lm 374 knh tn s ( RFC ). Mi knh c hai tn s: Mt cho hng ln v mt cho hng xung, khong cch gia hai tn s hng ln v hng xung trong cng mt knh l 95 MHz. rng bng mi knh l 200 KHz,

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2.2.3 GSM 1900 DSC1900 lm vic trong khong tn 1850MHz 1990 MHz, phn b nh sau:

60 MHz

Hng ln

Hng xung

1850 MHz

1910 MHz

1930 MHz

1990 MHz

Hnh 8.Bng tn GSM 1900 Bng tn hng ln ( MS pht, BTS thu ) nm trong khong tn s: 1850MHz 1910 MHz ( rng l 60 MHz ) Bng tn hng xung ( MS pht, BTS thu ) nm trong khong tn s: 1930 MHz 1990 MHz Trong D1900 c chia lm 299 knh tn s ( RFC ). Mi knh c hai tn s: Mt cho hng ln v mt cho hng xung, khong cch gia hai tn s hng ln v hng xung trong cng mt knh l 80 MHz. rng bng mi knh l 200 KHz.

2.3 CC TH TC TRONG GSM 2.3.1 CP NHT V TR Cp nht v tr l mt th tc m MS bo cho h thng bit c trng thi v v tr hin ti ca n. Mc ch ca th tc ny l gip cho h thng d dng trong vic qun l thu bao di ng v thc hin tm kim thu bao nhanh hn khi thu bao b gi. Th tc ny c thc hin mt cch t ng khi xy ra mt trong cc iu kin sau y : MS thay i trng thi. MS di chuyn t vng LAI ny sang vng LAI khc. Theo chu k thi gian.

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Hnh 9.Cp nht v tr kiu bnh thng K hiu : ( 1 ): Thng tin h thng. ( 2 ): Thit lp kt ni RR: (2a)=yu cu knh bo hiu; (2b)= n nh knh bo hiu (SDCCH). ( 3 ): Yu cu dch v. ( 4 ): Nhn thc: (4a)= Nu VLR khng c thng bo nhn thc. MSC ly thng s ny t HLR. (4b)= Thng s nhn thc c gi n MS, sau MS tr li nhn thc cho MSC. 2.3.1.1 Cp nht v tr khi MS chuyn trng thi : Khi MS chuyn t trng thi tt my sang m may th cng vic u tin l phi thc hin ng k v tr. y l ln u n thc hin ng k nhp mng. Nguyn tc ca th tc ng k ln u nh sau: Trc ht trm MS qut tt c cc knh tn s trong h thng tm c tn s ng ( FCCH ). Sau MS s c c cc thng tin v mng v thng tin ca BTS m n ang nh v thng qua knh BCCH. Tip theo MS yu cu cho php cp nht v tr thng bo cho VLR ph trch v HLR v v tr ca mnh. Khi MS s s dng mt s thng tin c nhn c lu tr trong SIM v cc thng tin t knh BCCH tr li cho h thng. Cc c s d liu ny s ghi LAI hin thi ca MS. Khi th tc cp nht thnh cng th MSC/ HLR cng nhn l MS tch cc v nh du c thm nhp v tr tch cc vo trng d liu ca mnh. Khi tt ngun MS hay ly SIM card ra khi MS th s xy ra qu trnh trao i bo hiu trong. Trng hp ny c thc hin nh sau:
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MS yu cu mt knh bo hiu pht i bn tin thng bo cho mng rng MS chun b vo trng thi khng tch cc. iu ny c ngha rng mng khng th qun l c MS na. Thng tin chuyn trng thi c th c lu gi ti VLR. Tu chn c ri mng c th cng c thit lp HLR v cng nhn c gi tr li VLR.

Hnh 10.Qu trnh ri khi mng Khi trm MS c bt li ngun ti vng nh v khi n vo trng thi khng tch cc th gi l ti nhp mng. Thng tin pht qung b ca s ni cho MS cn nhp li IMSI hay thng. Qu trnh nhp IMSI trong trng hp ny xy ra nh sau: MS yu cu mt knh bo hiu MSC nhn c nhp li mng t MS MSC gi bn tin nhp li IMSI n VLR VLR xo c ri b IMSI v gi bn tin cng nhn nhp li IMSI n MSC v tr li qu trnh x l cuc gi nh thng l cho MS. MS chp nhn bn tin ni trn. Nu sau khi tt (ri b IMSI) trm MS thay i vng nh v, th khi bt li ngun n phi tin hnh qu trnh cp nht v tr bnh thng vo li trng thi tch cc. Bo hiu cho trng hp cp nht v tr khi nhp li IMSI cng ging nh cp nht v tr bnh thng ch khc 3 bit yu cu cp nht v tr ch ra kiu cp nht v khng cn. 2.3.1.2 Cp nht v tr khi MS thay i LAI Do tnh nng ca thu bao di ng l thay i v tr thng xuyn nn mi khi MS chuyn t LAI ny sang LAI khc th th tc cp nht v tr cng xy ra. Tn ti hai dng cp nht v tr khi thay i LAI:

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MS chuyn t LAI ny sang LAI khc nhng c hai LAI ny u trc thuc cng mt tng i MSC. Trong trng hp ny cp nht v tr khng cn thng bo n HLR v HLR ch qun l v tr ca MS n tng i MSC ph trch MS. MS chuyn t LAI ny sang LAI khc nhng mi LAI ny trc thuc mt tng i MSC khc nhau. V th cp nht v tr c thng bo HLR n ghi li v tr mi ca tng i qun l MSC. MS nhn bit c vic thay i LAI ca mnh nh vo thng tin c c trn knh BCCH. Knh ny c cc BTS pht thng trc cung cp cho cc MS ang nh v ti vng ph sng ca n. Khi MS nhn c thng tin v LAI mi knh BCCH th n s yu cu dch v cp nht v tr. 2.3.1.3 Cp nht v tr nh k trnh vic tm gi khng cn thit khi MSC khng nhn c bn tin ri b IMSI MS khng tch cc, tn ti cp nht mt dng v tr khc c gi l ng k nh k. Qu trnh ny c cho hnh sau:

Hnh 11.ng k nh k Thng tin h thng c pht qung b (1) s thng bo cho MS v ng k nh k c c s dng hay thng . Nu c mng s thng bo cho MS chu k cn thng bo cho mng rng n ang nhp mng. Thng s ny c thit lp bi nh khai thc (0 n 255 ca 6 pht). Nu thng s ny c t bng 1 (6 pht) th MS phi ng k vi chu k 6 pht. Th tc ny c iu khin bi c b nh thi MS (2a) v MSC (2b), MSC c chc nng theo di thi gian ny. Khi ht thi gian ni trn MS phi thc hin cp nht v tr (3a). Cc b nh thi MS v MSC c khi ng li. Nu MS khng ng k trong khong thi gian ni trn b phn theo di ca MSC s nh du MS ny vo trng thi ri mng (3b).

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2.3.2 TH TC TM GI Khi c mt cuc gi ti cho thu bao di ng MS, u tin s thu bao b gi s c gi ti MSC/VLR. Trc khi thc hin chuyn mch, MSC s truy xut vo VLR xc nh v tr hin ti ca thu bao b gi v sau gi bn tin tm gi n cc BTS thng qua BSC. Cc bn tin ny s c thng bo n tt c cc BTS thuc cng mt LAI. Tt c cc MS ang trong LAI ny s nhn c thng bo tm gi nhng ch c MS b gi mi phc p thng bo ny. u tin MS s pht mt bn tin yu cu cp pht knh tip nhn cuc gi n. Trc khi ch nh cho MS mt knh vt l c th th h thng thc hin kim tra qu trnh nhn thc ca thu bao, ng thi bt buc gia BTS v MS phi tho thun mt mt m bo mt thng tin. Khi cc yu cu ca h thng c p ng sn sng th lc ny thu bao mi c quyn tip nhn cuc gi ti. 2.3.3 TH TC KHI XNG CUC GI Khi trm MS trng thi tch cc v ng k v tr, MS c th thc hin cuc gi. Qu trnh thc hin cuc gi c m t nh sau: u tin MS gi yu cu xin cp pht knh n BTS thng qua knh truy xut ngu nhin. MS thng bo rng n mun thit lp cuc gi. S nhn dng trm di ng c phn tch v MS c nh du bn VLR. Trc khi cp knh h thng yu cu thc hin cc cng vic sau: Nhn thc thu bao. Tho thun mt kho mt m trn ng truyn v tuyn. MSC nhn c bn tin thit lp t MS c cha thng tin v loi dch v m MS yu cu, s thoi b gi. MSC kim tra l MS khng c cc dch v cm gi ra (dch v ny c th kch hot hoc bi thu bao hoc bi nh khai thc). Nu khng b cm gi ra qu trnh thit lp cuc gi c tin hnh. Gia MSC v BSC ng truyn c thit lp v knh lu lng c chim. MSC gi yu cu n BSC n nh mt knh lu lng cho ng v tuyn. BSC kim tra nu c knh lu lng ri n n nh knh ny cho cuc gi v yu cu BTS kch hot knh ny. BTS gi tr li cng nhn khi vic kch hot knh lu lng hon thnh. BSC thng bo cho MSC v s hon thnh ny. H thng con iu khin lu lng s phn tch cc ch s ca s thoi B v thit lp kt ni n thu bao b gi. Cuc gi c ni thng qua chuyn mch nhm. Bo chung s c gi n trm MS cho thy rng pha b gi ang chung. Tng chung c to ra tng i pha thu bao B v c gi qua chuyn mch nhm n MS. Nh vy tng chung c gi qua ng v tuyn ch khng to ra MS. Khi thu bao B tr li mng gi bn tin kt ni n MS thng bo rng cuc thoi c chp nhn. MS tr li bng cng nhn kt ni, nh vy thit lp cuc gi hon tt.
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Qu trnh thit lp cuc gi khi xng t trm di ng c trnh by trn l cho cuc gi MOC khng c OACSU (Without off Air Call set up: thit lp sm). Thit lp sm c ngha l mng cp pht knh lu lng cho MS trc khi n khi u thit lp cuc gi mng c nh. Cng c th c tu chn vi OACSU giai on sau ca GSM. Lc ny mng s quyt nh khi no th cp pht knh lu lng. Cp pht c thc hin thi im bt k sau khi khi u thit lp cuc gi mng c nh. Cc im nht l mng c th cp knh lu lng sau khi thu bao B tr li cuc gi. Bn tin bo chung s c gi n MS khi chung pha b gi. S khc nhau y so vi trng hp thit lp sm (Without OACSU) l tng bo hiu chung c to ra ngay MS v knh lu lng vn cha c cp pht. Khi thu bao tr li, mng khi xng th tc n nh cp pht knh lu lng. 2.3.4 TH TC NHN CUC GI MTC phc tp hn MOC v pha gi khng bit hin thi MS ang u. Qu trnh bo hiu cho cuc gi ny c cho hnh v sau: Pha ch gi quay s thu bao di ng b gi: s mng dch v, s lin kt ca thu bao di ng ( MS ISDN) (1). Nu cuc gi khi u t mng c nh PSTN th tng i sau khi phn tch s thoi s bit rng y l cuc gi cho mt thu bao GSM. Cuc gi c nh tuyn n tng i GMSC gn nht (2), y l mt tng i c kh nng hi v nh li tuyn. Bng phn tch MSISDN tng i GMSC tm ra HLR ni MS ng k. GMSC hi HLR (3) thng tin c th quyt nh tuyn n MSC/ VLR ang qun l MS. Bng MSISDN tm ra IMSI v bn ghi ca thu bao. IMSI l s thu bao ch s dng trong mng bo hiu, a ch ca VLR ni MS ang ng k tm thi c lu gi cng vi IMSI trong VLR. HLR giao tip vi VLR nhn c s lu ng thu bao (MSRN: Mobile Subscriber Roaming Number) (4), y l mt s thoi thng thng thuc tng i MSC. VLR gi MSRN n HLR, sau HLR chuyn s ny n GMSC (5). Bng MSRN GMSC c th nh tuyn li cuc gi n MSC tng ng (6), GMSC gi bn tin nhn c t PSTN n MSC.

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Tng i ni ht

Hnh 12.Cuc gi t mng c nh kt cui MS (MTC) gim ti thiu gi thnh, c th s dng PSTN nh tuyn li cuc gi, cc nc c mng PSTN t hoc hot ng khng tt th tt nht l xy dng mt mng kt ni ring gia cc MSC v GMSC. MSC bit c v tr ca MS v n gi bn tin tm gi n tt c cc BSC ang qun l vng nh v ny (7). mng GSM tn ti hai kh nng hoc thng tin v cc trc thuc mt vng nh v c lu gi MSC, hoc thng tin ny c lu gi BSC. mng CME 20 chng hn thng tin ny c lu gi BSC. MSC gi LAI (nhn dng vng nh v) xung cc BSC v BSC phn pht bn tin tm gi n cc BTS(8). tm gi MS, IMSI c s dng (9). C th s dng s nht dng tm thi TMSI m bo b mt. Ngay sau khi nhn c bn tin tm gi MS gi yu cu knh bo hiu. MSC c th thc hin nhn thc v khi u mt m ho nh xt phn trn. MSC c th gi n MS thng tin v cc dch v c yu cu: ting, s liu, fax By gi BSC s lnh cho BTS kch hot knh TCH v gii phng knh bo hiu, bo chung c gi i t MS cho thy rng tng chung c to ra MS. Tng chung cho thu bao ch gi c to ra MSC. Khi thu bao di ng nhc my MS gi bn tin kt ni. Mng hon thnh ng ni thng v gi bn tin cng nhn kt ni n MS. 2.3.5 CHUYN GIAO (HANDOVER) Chuyn giao l qu trnh chuyn i BTS phc v ca MS khi MS ny ang trong ch m thoi. Khi chuyn giao MS c chuyn t mt knh TCH ny sang mt knh TCH khc.
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Cc loi chuyn giao: Chuyn giao gia cc thuc cng mt BSC: Chuyn giao ny do BSC iu hnh. Chuyn giao gia cc thuc hai BSC khc nhau: Chuyn giao ny lin quan n c hai tng i MSC qun l hai BSC.. Chuyn giao gia hai thuc hai tng i MSC khc nhau: Chuyn giao ny lin quan n c hai tng i ph trch cc ni trn. Trong trng hp chuyn giao nhiu ln gia hai thuc hai MSC khc nhau, tng i MSC u tin ph trch MS c gi l tng i qu giang v cuc gi lun lun c chuyn mch qua tng i ny. Ln chuyn giao gia hai thuc hai tng i khc nhau th nht c gi l chuyn giao gia cc thuc hai tng i ln u, cn cc ln sau c gi l chuyn giao gia cc thuc hai tng i tip theo. Cc iu kin xy ra chuyn giao : Khi MS ang m thoi nhng di chuyn t vng ph sng ca BTS ny sang vng ph sng ca BTS khc. Khi cng trng ca BTS phc v gim dn, cng trng ca BTS k can tng dn. Nu MS tip tc di chuyn theo hng ngy th n mt thi im no th cng ca BTS phc v khng hot ng. Do mun tip tc m thoi th phi chuyn giao sang BTS k cn. Khi MS di chuyn nhng n ang trong vng ph sng l giao ca 2 BTS. Lc , nu v mt nguyn nhn no lm cho ch s bit li trn BTS ang phc v tng ln th h thng cng thc hin chuyn giao sang BTS mi ci thin cht lng. Chuyn giao ny gi l chuyn giao cht lng. Khi MS khng di chuyn nhng n ang trong vng ph sng l giao ca hai BTS. Lc nu lu lng trn BTS ang phc v bo ho hoc sp bo ho th h thng cng thc hin chuyn giao mt s MS sang BTS mi cho BTS ny c th phc v c cho cc MS mi. Chuyn giao ny gi l chuyn giao lu lng. 2.4 M T QU TRNH THIT LP CUC GI TRONG MNG GSM 2.4.1 TRM DI DNG MS THC HIN CUC GI MS yu cu n nh knh: Sau khi thc hin vic quay s, MS yu cu c n nh knh trn knh truy nhp ngu nhin RACH. Nht c yu cu ny trm thu pht gc BTS s gii m bn tin. Phn mm ca trm gc BSS n nh knh SDCCH vi bn tin n nh knh tc thi gi trn knh cho php truy nhp AGCH.

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MS tr li: MS tr li bn tin n nh knh tc thi v chuyn ti n nh knh SDCCH. Trn knh SDCCH, MS s truyn i cc bn tin SABM ( Set Asynchronous Balance Mode Kiu cn bng khng ng b t hp ). Bn trong bn tin SABM bao gm cc ch th yu cu cc dch v khc nhau nh bn tin yu cu thc hin cuc gi hay cp nht v tr. Cc bn tin ny s c x l ti trm gc BSS v c chuyn ti trung tm chuyn mch MSC thng qua giao din A. Yu cu nhn thc: Sau khi nhn c cc yu cu v dch v, trung tm chuyn mch MSC s gi i mt yu cu nhn thc i vi trm di ng MS. Cc yu cu dch v s c gi ti trm gc BSS thng qua ng bo hiu. Trm thu pht gc BTS s lm nhim v truyn cc yu cu ny ti MS trn knh iu khin chuyn dng c lp SDCCH. MS tr li nhn thc: Trm di ng MS tr li yu cu nhn thc bng mt p ng nhn thc. p ng tr li nhn thc ca MS s c trm thu pht gc BTS chuyn ti trung tm chuyn mch BSC trn ng bo hiu v tuyn. Yu cu m ha: Sau qu trnh nhn thc c hon thnh (qu trnh nhn thc c thc hin vi cc thut ton v kho bo mt dng trong GSM l A3, A4, A8 v Ki), MSC s gi n BSC mt lnh yu cu m ho qu trnh trao i thng tin gia MS v MSC ( Ciphering Mode Ch m ho ). Qu trnh ny c thit lp hay thng l ph thuc vo BSC v MSC thit lp ch m ho Ciphering Mode l ON hay OFF. Nu ch m ho l ON th thut ton A5.2 v Kc c s dng. Hon thnh qu trnh m ho: MS tr li hon thnh qu trnh m ho bng cch gi bn tin thc hin xong qu trnh m ho ( Ciphering Mode Complete). MS thit lp cuc gi: Trm di ng MS gi bn tin thit lp cuc gi trn knh iu khin chuyn dng c lp SDCCH, n gi ti tng i di ng MSC dch v yu cu thit lp cuc gi. Yu cu n nh knh lu lng: Sau khi tng i MSC nhn c bn tin yu cu thit lp cuc gi, MSC s gi li h thng BSS bn tin n nh knh lu lng. Bn tin ny ch th loi knh lu
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lng s c yu cu l knh bn tc ( half rate ) hay ton tc ( full rate ) hoc truyn s liu (data). Trm thu pht gc BTS s ch nh v n nh cho MS mt knh lu lng TCH bng cch gi mt lnh n nh trn knh SDCCH. MS hon thnh vic n nh knh lu lng TCH: p ng lnh n nh knh, MS chim ly knh TCH v ng thi gi bn tin hon thnh vic n nh knh trn knh iu khin lin kt nhanh FACCH. Bn tin chung: Tng i di ng MSC gi bn tin chung ti my di ng MS. Bn tin ny thng bo MS hon thnh vic gi v c tn hiu hi m chung c nghe thy t MS. Bn tin ny l trong sut i vi h thng trm gc BSS. Bn tin kt ni: Khi bn b gi nhc my tr li th mt bn tin kt ni c gi n trm di ng MS. Tn hiu ny l trong sut i vi trm BSS. Bn tin kt ni c truyn thng qua knh iu khin lin kt nhanh FACCH. tr li tn hiu kt ni, MS m mt ng ting v truyn i thng qua knh FACCH, bn tin kt ni ti tng i di ng MSC v cuc gi c thc hin. 2.4.2 MS NHN CUC GI Nhn tin tm gi: Khi thu bao c tm gi th tng i di ng MSC s gi mt bn tin yu cu nhn tin ( Paging Request ) n h thng iu khin trm gc BSC. BSC s x l bn tin ny v truyn chng trn knh nhn tin PCH. Thu bao tr li: Sau khi thu c bn tin Paging Request, trm di ng MS tr li bng cch gi bn tin yu cu knh trn knh truy nhp ngu nhin RACCH. An nh knh iu khin chuyn dng c lp SDCCH: Nhn c bn tin n nh knh, BSS s x l bn tin v ngay lp tc n nh mt knh SDCCH. Vic n nh ny s c m ho v truyn trn knh cho php truy nhp AGCH. Trm di ng MS c n nh mt knh SDCCH v truyn mt bn tin kiu cn bng khng ng b t hp SABM tr li nhn tin. Mng s tr li trn ng ln (Uplink ) thit lp kt ni v tuyn lp th hai. Sau khi c x l ti phn BSS, bn tin tr li tm gi s c gi ti MSC.

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Yu cu nhn thc: Sau khi nhn c bn tin tr li tm gi, tng i di ng MSC s gi ti mt yu cu nhn thc i vi trm di ng MS. Yu cu nhn thc c gi ti trm gc BSS thng qua ng bo hiu. Trm thu pht gc BTS s lm nhim v truyn cc yu cu ny ti trm di ng MS trn knh iu khin chuyn dng c lp SDCCH. MS tr li nhn thc: MS tr li yu cu nhn thc bng mt p ng nhn thc. p ng tr li nhn thc ca MS s c BTS chuyn ti BSC trn ng bo hiu v tuyn. Yu cu m ho: Qu trnh nhn thc c hon thnh ( c thc hin vi thut ton v m kho dng trong GSM l A3, A4, A8 v Ki ), MSC s gi n BSC mt lnh yu cu m ho ( Ciphering Mode ) qu trnh trao i thng tin gia MS v MSC. Qu trnh ny c thit lp hay khng l ph thuc vo ch m ho do BSC v MSC thit lp ON hay OFF. Nu ch m ho l ON th thut ton A5.2 v Kc c s dng. Hon thnh qu trnh m ho: MS tr li hon thnh qu trnh m ho bng cch gi bn tin Hon thnh ch m ho ( Ciphering Mode Complete ). Bn tin thit lp: MSC gi bn tin thit lp ti MS yu cu cc dch v. BSS gi bn tin thit lp trn knh iu khin chuyn dng c lp SDCCH. MS xc nhn cuc gi: Khi nhn c thng tin v vic thit lp cuc gi, trm di ng MS gi i mt bn tin xc nhn cuc gi. Bn tin ny thng bo rng trm di ng MS nhn c bn tin thit lp cuc gi v cho bit MS c th nht cuc gi. An nh knh: Khi nhn c bn tin xc nhn, tng i di ng MSC gi mt bn tin n nh knh. H thng trm gc BSS nhn c bn tin ny n nh knh lu lng TCH v gi bn tin n nh knh ti trm di ng MS trn knh iu khin chuyn dng c lp SDCCH.

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Hon thnh n nh knh: Trm di ng MS chim ly knh TCH v gi bn tin hon thnh vic n nh knh iu khin lin kt nhanh FACCH ( y l mt knh logic trn knh TCH ). H thng trm gc BSS nhn bn tin ny v gi n n tng i di ng MSC. Bn tin chung: MS gi bn tin chung ti tng i di ng MSC trn knh iu khin lin kt nhanh FACCH. Bn tin ny thng bo tng i di ng MSC tm gi c trm di ng MS v MS ang chung. Tng i di ng MSC gi hi m chung ny cho my ch gi. MS thc hin kt ni: Khi trm di ng MS tr li, MS gi bn tin kt ni trn mt knh diu khin lin kt nhanh FACCH v thit lp mt ng thoi n ngi s dng. Bn tin kt ni c truyn qua BSS ti tng i di ng MSC trn ng bo hiu. Bn tin xc nhn kt ni c gi tr li tng i di ng MSC i n tng i ca my ch gi. Thit lp cuc gi thnh cng: Kt ni cuc gi c thit lp v cuc thoi c tin hnh.

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CHNG 3 TNG QUAN V TIN NHN SMS

3.1 GII THIU V SMS SMS l t vit tt ca Short Message Service. l mt cng ngh cho php gi v nhn cc tn nhn gia cc in thoi vi nhau. SMS xut hin u tin Chu u vo nm 1992. thi im , n bao gm c cc chun v GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications). Mt thi gian sau , n pht trin sang cng ngh wireless nh CDMA v TDMA. Cc chun GSM v SMS c ngun gc pht trin bi ETSI. ETSI l ch vit tt ca European Telecommunications Standards Institute. Ngy nay th 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) ang gi vai tr kim sot v s pht trin v duy tr cc chun GSM v SMS. Nh ni trn v tn y ca SMS l Short Message Service, t cm t , c th thy c l d liu c th c lu gi bi mt tin nhn SMS l rt gii hn. Mt tin nhn SMS c th cha ti a l 140 byte (1120 bit) d liu. V vy, mt tin nhn SMS ch c th cha : + 160 k t nu nh m ha k t 7 bit c s dng (m ha k t 7 bit th ph hp vi m ha cc l t latin chng hn nh cc l t alphabet ca ting Anh). + 70 k t nu nh m ha k t 16 bit Unicode UCS2 c s dng (cc tin nhn SMS khng cha cc k t latin nh k t ch Trung Quc phi s dng m ha k t 16 bit). Tin nhn SMS dng text h tr nhiu ngn ng khc nhau. N c th hot ng tt vi nhiu ngn ng m c h tr m Unicode , bao gm c Arabic, Trung Quc, Nht bn v Hn Quc. Bn cnh gi tin nhn dng text th tin nhn SMS cn c th mang cc d liu dng binary. N cn cho php gi nhc chung, hnh nh cng nhiu tin ch khc ti mt in thoi khc. Mt trong nhng u im ni tri ca SMS l n c h tr bi cc in thoi c s dng GSM hon ton. Hu ht tt c cc tin ch cng thm gm c dch v gi tin nhn gi r c cung cp, s dng thng qua sng mang wireless. Khng ging nh SMS, cc cng ngh mobile nh WAP v mobile Java th khng c h tr trn nhiu model in thoi. 3.2 TIN NHN SMS CHUI/ TIN NHN SMS DI Mt trong nhng tr ngi ca cng ngh SMS l tin nhn SMS ch c th mang mt lng gii hn cc d liu. khc phc tr ngi ny, mt m rng ca n gi l SMS chui (hay SMS di) ra i. Mt tin nhn SMS dng text di c th cha nhiu hn 160 k t theo chun dng trong ting Anh. C cu hot ng c bn SMS chui lm vic nh sau: in thoi di ng ca ngi gi s chia tin nhn di ra thnh nhiu phn nh v sau gi cc phn nh ny nh mt tin nhn SMS n. Khi cc tin nhn SMS ny c gi ti ch hon ton th n s c kt hp li vi nhau trn my di ng ca ngi nhn.
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Kh khn ca SMS chui l n t c h tr nhiu so vi SMS cc thit b c s dng sng wireless. 3.3 IU G LM CHO TIN NHN SMS TR LN RNG KHP Cc tin nhn SMS c th c gi v c ti bt k thi im no. Ngy nay, hu ht mi ngi u c in thoi di ng ca ring mnh v mang n theo ngi hu nh c ngy. Vi mt in thoi di ng , bn c th gi v c cc tin nhn SMS bt c lc no bn mun, s khng gp kh khn g khi bn ang trong vn phng hay trn xe bus hay nh Tin nhn SMS c th c gi ti cc in thoi m tt ngun. Nu nh khng chc cho mt cuc gi no th bn c th gi mt tin nhn SMS n bn ca bn thm ch khi ngi tt ngun my in thoi trong lc bn gi tin nhn . H thng SMS ca mng in thoi s lu tr tin nhn ri sau gi n ti ngi bn khi in thoi ca ngi bn ny m ngun. Cc tin nhn SMS t gy phin phc trong khi bn vn c th gi lin lc vi ngi khc Vic c v vit cc tin nhn SMS khng gy ra n o. Trong khi , bn phi chy ra ngoi khi rp ht, th vin hay mt ni no thc hin mt cuc in thoi hay tr li mt cuc gi. Bn khng cn phi lm nh vy nu nh tin nhn SMS c s dng. Cc in thoi di ng v chng c th c thay i gia cc sng mang Wireless khc nhau. Tin nhn SMS l mt cng ngh rt thnh cng v trng thnh. Tt c cc in thoi mobile ngy nay u c h tr n. Bn khng ch c th trao i cc tin nhn SMS i vi ngi s dng mobile cng mt nh cung cp dch v mng sng mang wireless, m ng thi bn cng c th trao i n vi ngi s dng khc cc nh cung cp dch v khc. SMS l mt cng ngh ph hp vi cc ng dng Wireless s dng cng vi n. Ni nh vy l do: Th nht, tin nhn SMS c h tr 100% bi cc in thoi c s dng cng ngh GSM. Xy dng cc ng dng wireless trn nn cng ngh SMS c th pht huy ti a nhng ng dng c th dnh cho ngi s dng. Th hai, cc tin nhn SMS cn tng thch vi vic mang cc d liu binary bn cnh gi cc text. N c th c s dng gi nhc chung, hnh nh, hot ha Th ba, tin nhn SMS h tr vic tri tr cc dch v trc tuyn. Ngha l n cho php thc hin vic chi tr cc dch v trc tuyn mt cch thun li. V d nh, bn mun pht trin mt ng dng download nhc chung mang tnh thng mi v thu ph s dng t ngi s dng cho mi ln download nhc chung . Mt cch rt thun li thc thi ng dng ny l s dng mt s in thoi t nh cung cp mng c kh nng tri tr ngc li ti tin ch ny thng qua vic s dng mt sng
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mang wireless. V c th ti nhc chung ny ngi s dng phi son mt tin nhn c ni dng cng nh cu trc tin nhn c qui nh bi nh cung cp dch v v gi tin nhn ny ti mt s in thoi c tch hp sn chc nng tri tr trc tuyn m ngi pht trin ng dng xy dng. ng dng SMS m bn s dng sau s gi tr li cho bn mt hay nhiu tin nhn SMS c km theo c nhch chung (chng hn ) v thng bo chi ph phi tr cho vic s dng ng dng . Chi ph ny s gm c chi ph s dng dch v hng thng ca in thoi di ng ny hay l c khu tr t th card dng di ng ca bn. N ty thuc vo tha thun gia bn v ngi pht trin ng dng . 3.4 SMS CENTRE/SMSC Mt SMS Center (SMSC) l ni chu trch nhim lun chuyn cc hot ng lin quan ti SMS ca mt mng wireless. Khi mt tin nhn SMS c gi i t mt in thoi di ng th trc tin n s c gi ti mt trung tm SMS. Sau , trung tm SMS ny s chuyn tin nhn ny ti ch (ngi nhn). Mt tin nhn SMS c th phi i qua nhiu hn mt thc th mng (netwok) (chng hn nh SMSC v SMS gateway) trc khi i ti ch thc s ca n. Nhim v duy nht ca mt SMSC l lun chuyn cc tin nhn SMS v iu chnh qu trnh ny cho ng vi chu trnh ca n. Nu nh my in thoi ca ngi nhn khng trng thi nhn (bt ngun) trong lc gi th SMSC s lu tr tin nhn ny. V khi my in thoi ca ngi nhn m ngun th n s gi tin nhn ny ti ngi nhn. Thng th mt SMSC s hat ng mt cch chuyn dng chuyn lu thng SMS ca mt mng wireless. H thng vn hnh mng lun lun qun l SMSC ca ring n v v tr ca chng bn trong h thng mng wireless. Tuy nhin h thng vn hnh mng s s dng mt SMSC th ba c v tr bn ngoi ca h thng mng wireless. Bn phi bit a ch SMSC ca h thng vn hnh mng wireless s dng, tinh chnh chc nng tin nhn SMS trn in thoi ca bn. in hnh mt a ch SMSC l mt s in thoi thng thng hnh thc, khun mu quc t. Mt in thoi nn c mt thc n chn la cu hnh a ch SMSC. Thng thng th a ch c iu chnh li trong th SIM bi h thng mng wireless. iu ny c ngha l bn khng cn phi lm bt c thay i no vi c. 3.5 NHN TIN SMS QUC T Cc tin nhn SMS gia cc nh iu hnh c chia ra lm hai hng mc gm tin nhn SMS gia cc nh iu hnh cc b v tin nhn SMS gia cc nh iu hnh quc t vi nhau. Tin nhn SMS gia cc nh iu hnh cc b l tin nhn m c gi gia cc nh iu hnh trog cng mt quc gia cn tin nhn SMS gia cc nh iu hnh quc t l tin nhn SMS c gi gia cc nh iu hnh mng wireless nhng quc gia khc nhau.

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Thng th chi ph gi mt tin nhn SMS quc t th cao hn so vi gi trong nc. V chi ph gi tin nhn trong ni mng th t hn so vi gi cho mng khc trong cng mt quc gia <= chi ph cho vic gi tin nhn SMS quc t. Kh nng kt hp ca tin nhn SMS gia hai mng wireless cc b hay thm ch l quc t l mt nhn t chnh gp phn ti s pht trin mnh m ca h thng SMS ton cu. 3.6 SMS GATEWAY Mt kh khn ca tin nhn SMS l cc SMSC c pht trin, xy dng bi cc cng ty s dng giao thc truyn thng ring ca h v hu ht cc giao thc ny u thuc quyn s hu. Chng hn nh Nokia c mt SMSC protocol c gi l CIMD nhng mt nh iu hnh nh CMG li c SMSC protocol c gi l EMI. Chng ta khng th kt ni hai SMSC nu nh chng khng c h tr giao thc SMSC chung. gii quyt kh khn ny, mt SMS gateway c t gia hai SMSC ra i. Gateway ny s c minh ha hnh di. SMS gateway hot ng nh mt relay gia hai SMSC. N chuyn i thng tin d liu t mt SMSC protocol SMS sang mt SMSC protocol khc. Gii php ny c s dng cho hai sng mang wireless khc nhau kt ni lin thng gia cc SMSC, Nh th cc tin nhn SMS t cc nh cung cp mng khc nhau c th gi cho nhau m khng gp tr ngi no.
SMSC Protocol 1 SMSC Protocol 2

SMSC-1

SMS Gateway

SMSC-2

Hnh 13.Mt SMS gateway hot ng nh mt relay gia hai SMSC Bn cnh cc sng mang wireless, cc nh cung cp v nhng ngi pht trin cc ng dng SMS cn c th pht trin mt SMS gateway hu ch. Chng ta s xem xt tnh hung sau. Gi s bn l nh pht trin mt ng dng tin nhn SMS dng text. gi v nhn cc tin nhn SMS trn sever ca bn, mt gii php l kt ni cc SMSC ca cc sng mang wireless. Cc sng mang wireless khc nhau c th c s dng SMSC t cc nh cung cp dch v khc nhau. iu c ngha l ng dng tin nhn SMS dng text ca bn cn c h tr SMSC a dng- cc protocol chuyn dng. (iu ny c m t trong hnh di). V kt qu l thi gian pht trin v phc tp ca cc ng dng tin nhn SMS dng text tng.

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SMSC 1

SMSC Protocol 2

SMSC 2

Text Messaging Application

SMSC Protocol 3

SMSC 3

SMSC Protocol 4

SMSC 4

Hnh 14.Mt ng dng tin nhn SMS dng text kt ni cc SMSC khng cn SMS gateway . gii quyt kh khn trn mt SMS gateway c thit lp thc thi cc kt ni SMSC vi nhau. Ngy nay, cc ng dng tin nhn SMS dng text ch cn bit lm nh th no kt ni vi SMS gateway. h tr cho cc SMSC nhiu hn na, bn ch cn tinh chnh cc thit lp ci t cho SMS gateway v khng cn phi thay i m ngun ca ng dng tin nhn SMS dng text . Nh th vic s dng SMS gateway c th rt ngn thi gian ca s pht trin cc ng dng tin nhn SMS dng text. kt ni mt SMS gateway, chng ta phi s dng mt SMSC protocol chng hn nh SMPP v CIMD. Mt vi SMS gateway cn h tr giao din HTTP/HTPS. HTTP/HTPS th s dng d hn so vi SMSC protocol. V kh khn y l n khng c nhiu chc nng h tr SMS. Chng hn nh mt SMS gateway th khng h tr vic gi cc tin nhn c ni dung cha bc nh thng qua giao din HTTP/HTTPS.
SMSC Protocol 1

SMSC 1

Text Messaging Application

HTTP/ HTTPS

SMSC Gateway

SMSC Protocol 2 SMSC Protocol 3

SMSC 2

SMSC 3

SMSC Protocol 4

SMSC 4

Hnh 15.Mt ng dng tin nhn SMS dng text kt ni cc SMSC thng qua mt SMS gateway
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Bn cnh vic s dng kt ni trc tip ti SMSC ca mt sng mang wireless. C mt cch khc gi v nhn tin nhn SMS dng text trn my tnh l s dng mt in thoi di ng hay mt modem GSM/GPRS. lm c chc nng ny th ng dng tin nhn SMS dng text phi kt ni, giao tip c vi in thoi di ng hay modem GSM/GPRS bng cch s dng cc lnh AT command. Mt vi SMS gateway c tng thch vi giao tip kt ni ca in thoi di ng hay modem GSM/GPRS. gi v nhn cc tin nhn SMS dng text t mt in thoi di ng hay mt GSM/GPRS modem th ng dng tin nhn SMS dng text th ng dng tin nhn SMS ch cn bit cch giao tip vi SMS gateway v khng cn phi bit v lnh AT command.
AT Commands

GSM Module 1

Text Messaging Application

HTTP/ HTTPS

SMSC Gateway

AT Commands AT Commands

GSM Module 2

GSM Module 3

AT Commands

GSM Module 4

Hnh 16.Mt ng dng tin nhn SMS dng text kt ni mt nhm cc in thoi (hay cc modem thng qua SMS gateway) . 3.7 M NGUN M V PHN MM SMS GATEWAY Nh ni trn th mt SMS gateway c nhiu chc nng rt trong h thng tin nhn SMS. V vy, phn mm dnh cho SMS gateway c th rt phc tp v phn mm kh phc tp ny th thng rt t. May mn l c mt gi phn mm SMS gateway m ngun m c th c dowload min ph t web. Gi phn mm SMS gateway min ph cht lng cao ny chnh l Kannel, n c vit bng ngn ng C. Kannel c th giao tip kt ni vi cc SMSC, in thoi di ng v cc GSM/GPRS modem. N c giao din HTTP/HTTPS dnh cho vic gi v nhn cc tin nhn SMS.

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CHNG 4 B GIAO THC TCP/IP

4.1 GII THIU cc my my tnh c th lin lc vi nhau qua mng, chng phi s dng cng 1 ngn ng hay cn gi l 1 giao thc (Protocol). Giao thc l 1 h lut v chun cho php cc my tnh trong mng lin lc vi nhau. TCP/IP l vit tt ca Transmission Control Protocol (Giao thc iu khin truyn thng) / Internet Protocol (Giao thc Internet). TCP/IP khng ch gm 2 giao thc m thc t n l tp hp ca nhiu giao thc. Chng ta gi l 1 H giao thc hay B giao thc (Suite Of Protocols). Bi vit chng ta s tp trung vo B giao thc ny. 4.2 TNG QUT V TCP/IP cho cc my tnh trao i d liu vi nhau TCP/IP s dng m hnh truyn thng 4 tng hay cn gi l M hnh DoD (M hnh ca B Quc Phng M). Cc tng trong m hnh ny l (Theo th t t trn xung): + Tng ng Dng (Application Layer) + Tng Giao Vn (Transport Layer) + Tng Lin Mng (Internet Layer) + Tng Giao Din Mng (Network Interface Layer)- Mi giao thc ca h TCP/IP u thuc 1 trong cc tng ny. Ta s cng tm hiu tng tng . 4.2.1.TNG GIAO DIN MNG (NETWORK INTERFACE LAYER) Tng Giao Din Mng c trch nhim a d liu ti v nhn d liu t phng tin truyn dn. Tng ny gm cc thit b phn cng vt l chng hn nh Card Mng v Cp Mng. Card Mng chng hn card Ethernet cha 1 s HEX 12 k t (00-18-37-03-C0F4) c gi l a ch MAC (Media Access Control) hay a ch truy nhp phng tin . MAC ng vai tr quan trng trong vic gn a ch v truyn d liu. Mt s giao thc tiu biu thuc tng ny gm : + ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) + Ethernet + Token Ring + FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) + Frame Relay
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4.2.2 TNG LIN MNG (INTERNET LAYER) Nm bn trn tng giao din mng. Tng ny c chc nng gn a ch, ng gi v nh tuyn (Route) d liu. 4 giao thc quan trng nht trong tng ny gm: + IP (Internet Protocol): C chc nng gn a ch cho d liu trc khi truyn v nh tuyn chng ti ch. + ARP (Address Resolution Protocol): C chc nng bin dch a ch IP ca my ch thnh a ch MAC. + ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol): C chc nng thng bo li trong trng hp truyn d liu b hng. + IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol): C chc nng iu khin truyn a hng (Multicast) 4.2.3 TNG GIAO VN (TRANSPORT LAYER) Tng ny c nhim v thit lp phin truyn thng gia cc my tnh v quy nh cch truyn d liu. 2 giao thc chnh trong tng ny gm: + UDP (User Datagram Protocol): Cn gi l Giao Thc Gi Ngi Dng. UDP cung cp cc knh truyn thng phi kt ni nn n khng m bo truyn d liu 1 cch tin cy. Cc ng dng dng UDP thng ch truyn nhng gi c kch thc nh, tin cy d liu ph thuc vo tng ng dng + TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): Ngc li vi UDP, TCP cung cp cc knh truyn thng hng kt ni v m bo truyn d liu 1 cch tin cy. TCP thng truyn cc gi tin c kch thc ln v yu cu pha nhn xc nhn v cc gi tin nhn. 4.2.4 TNG NG DNG (APPLICATION LAYER) Gm nhiu giao thc cung cp cho cc ng dng ngi dng. c s dng nh dng v trao i thng tin ngi dng. 1 s giao thc thng dng trong tng ny l: + DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): Giao Thc Cu Hnh Trm ng + DNS (Domain Name System): H Thng Tn Min + SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol ): Giao Thc Qun L Mng n Gin + FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Giao Thc Truyn Tp Tin
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+ TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol): Giao Thc Truyn Tp Tin Bnh Thng. + SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): Giao Thc Truyn Th n Gin + TELNET

Hnh 17.M t khi qut v B giao thc TCP/IP 4.3 A CH IP Mi my trn mng TCP/IP hay cn gi l trm TCP/IP c nhn dng bng 1 a ch IP logic. Mi trm hay mi thit b mng s dng TCP/IP truyn thng cn c 1 a ch IP duy nht. a ch IP cho bit v tr ca 1 h thng trong 1 mng ging nh a ch xc nh ngi nh trn 1 con ng no . Tng t nh 1 khu dn c. a ch IP phi l duy nht trn ton cu v phi c vit di 1 nh dng chun. Mi a ch IP c chia thnh 2 phn : Phn a ch mng (Net ID) v Phn a ch trm (Host ID). Net ID: Dng nhn dng nhng h thng trong cng 1 khu vc vt l cn c gi l Phn on (Segment). Mi h thng trong cng 1 Phn on phi c cng a Ch Mng v Phn a ch ny phi l duy nht trong s cc mng hin c. Host ID: Dng nhn dng 1 trm lm vic, 1 my ch, 1 Router hoc 1 trm TCP/IP trong 1 phn on. Phn a ch trm cng phi l duy nht trong 1 mng Ging a ch bu in gm 2 phn: M BU IN S NH,TN NG. a ch IP cng gm 2 phn: NET ID HOST ID. Phn u tin, NET ID nhn dng mng m my tnh ni ti, tt c my tnh trong cng mng phi c cng NET ID ging nh mi nh trong cng qun phi c cng M BU IN.
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Phn th hai, HOST ID xc nh my tnh, router hoc thit b mng khc trong mng. HOST ID phi l duy nht trong 1 mng ging nh S NH,TN NG phi l duy nht trong 1 qun. Hai my tnh c th c cng HOST ID nu NET ID ca chng khc nhau, ging nh hai NG c th cng tn nu nh chng thuc 2 qun khc nhau. S kt hp gia NET ID v HOST ID phi cho php nhn dng duy nht mi my tnh ring bit. Cc a ch IP c chiu di 32bit c chia thnh 4 dy. Mi dy gm 8bit (1Byte), mi Byte c phn cch = 1 du ., 1 Byte l 1 gi tr nm trong khong t 0-255. Cch biu din nh vy gi l K hiu thp phn du chm (Dotted-Decimal Notation) cho mi ngi s dng nh a ch 1 cch d dng.

Hnh 18.Cu trc bit ca mt a ch IP(V4) Tuy nhin khi x l thng tin my tnh li s dng H Nh Phn (Binary) v tn hiu chng s dng truyn thng ch c 2 trng thi l Bt (1) v Tt (0) Bng 2: M t s kt hp gia k hiu thp phn v k hiu khoa hc

Trong 1 Byte, mi bit c gn mt gi tr. Nu Bit c t l 0 th n c gn gi tr 0, nu Bit c t l 1 th c th chuyn i thnh 1 gi tr thp phn. Bit thp nht trong Byte tng ng vi 1, Bit cao nht tng ng vi 128. Vy gi tr ln nht ca 1 Byte l 255 tng ng vi trng hp c 8 Bit u c t l 1.

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Hnh 19.Cch i s nh phn sang thp phn V d: Ta s i a ch sau: 10101100 00010000 00000101 01111101 sang dng K Hiu Thp Phn Du Chm.

4.4 A CH IP PUBLIC V A CH IP PRIVATE 4.4.1 A CH IP PUBLIC Mi 1 a ch IP ngoi Internet l duy nht. cc Network c nhng a ch duy nht ngoi Internet, th Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) s chia nhng khong a ch khng d tr thnh nhng phn nh v y thc trch nhim phn phi a ch cho cc t chc ng K Min khp th gii. Nhng t chc l AsiaPacific Network Information Center (APNIC), American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN), and Rseaux IP Europens (RIPE NCC). Nhng t chc ny s phn phi nhng khi a ch n 1 s nh cc Internet Service Provider (ISP) ln v cc ISP ln ny sau s gn nhng khi nh hn cho cc i l v cc ISP nh hn. ISP s cp 1 IP Public cho mi my tnh ca bn cc my tnh ny c th kt ni trc tip n ISP. Cc a ch ny c cp 1 cch t ng dn mi my tnh khi my tnh kt ni v c th l a ch tnh nu ng line ca bn thu ring hay cc ti khon Dial-up 4.4.2 A CH IP PRIVATE IANA d tr mt t a ch IP m cc a ch ny khng bao gi c s dng trn Internet. Nhng a ch IP Private ny c s dng cho nhng Host yu cu c IP kt ni nhng khng cn c thy trn cc mng Public. V d, 1 user
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kt ni nhng my tnh trong mng TCP/IP nh th ko cn cp 1 a ch IP Public cho mi host. User c th ly nhng khong IP bng di y cung cp a ch cho cc host trong mng. Bng 3: Cc vng IP cung cp cho host

Nhng host c a ch IP Private c th kt ni n Internet bng cch s dng 1 Proxy Server hay 1 my tnh chy Windows Server 2003 cu hnh nh l 1 Network Address Translation (NAT) Server. Windows Server 2003 cng tch hp chc nng Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) cung cp dch v NAT n gin cho cc Client trong mng Private. 4.5 LP A CH C 5 lp a ch IP to cc mng c kch thc khc nhau gm: Lp A, Lp B, Lp C, Lp D, Lp E. TCP/IP h tr gn a ch lp A, lp B, lp C cho cc trm.Cc lp ny c chiu di phn NET ID v HOST ID khc nhau nn s lng Mng v s lng Trm trn mi mng cng khc nhau: + Lp A: c gn cho cc Mng c kch thc cc ln. Trong lp a ch ny Byte u tin xc nh NET ID, Bit cao nht ca Byte ny lun c t l 0. 3 Byte cn li xc nh Host ID. Do lp A c th cp cho 126 Mng vi 16.777.214 Trm trn mi Mng. + Lp B: c gn cho cc Mng c kch thc va v ln. Trong lp a ch ny 2 Byte u tin xc nh NET ID, 2 Bit cao nht ca Byte u tin lun c t l 1 0. 2 Byte cn li xc nh Host ID. Do lp B c th cp cho 16.384 Mng vi 65.534 Trm trn mi Mng. + Lp C: c gn cho cc Mng c kch thc nh. Trong lp a ch ny 3 Byte u tin xc nh NET ID, 3 Bit cao nht ca Byte u tin lun c t l 1 1 0. Byte cui cng xc nh Host ID. Do lp C c th cp cho 2.097.152 Mng vi 254 Trm trn mi Mng. + Lp D: Cc a ch lp ny s dng cho Truyn a Hng (Multicast). 1 nhm Multicast c th cha 1 hoc nhiu Trm. Trong lp ny 4 Bit cao nht ca Byte u tin lun c t l 1 1 1 0, cc Bit cn li nh ngha nhm Multicast. a ch lp D
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khng c chia thnh Net ID v Host ID. Cc gi(Packets) Multicast c truyn ti 1 nhm Trm c th v ch c cc Trm ng k vo nhm ny mi nhn c gi. + Lp E: L lp a ch thc nghim, n khng c thit k cho mc ch s dng chung. Lp E c d phng cho cc ng dng tng lai. Cc Bit cao nht ca Byte u tin lun c t l 1 1 1 1. Tng s IP c th s dng l : 3.720.314.628 Bng 4: M t khi qut v cc lp a ch IP

Hnh 20.S khc bit gia cc lp IP

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4.6 SUBNET MASK bit Trm ch thuc mng cc b hay xa. Trm ngun cn 1 thng tin khc. Thng tin ny chnh l Subnet Mask. Subnet Mask l 1 a ch 32 bit c s dng che 1 phn ca a ch IP. Bng cch ny cc my tnh c th xc nh u l Net ID v u l Host ID trong 1 a ch IP. Mi trm trong mng TCP/IP yu cu c 1 Subnet Mask.N c gi l Subnet Mask mc nh, nu n cha c chia Subnet (v v vy n ch c 1 Subnet n), v c gi l Subnet Mask ty nu n c chia thnh nhiu Subnet. V d: 1 s 32bit tiu biu cho 1 Subnet Mask mc nh c dng bi nhng trm cu hnh vi 1 a ch lp C. V d: 192.168.20.50 l :11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 (255.255.255.0) Khi 1 trm c a ch 192.168.20.50 gi gi tin n a ch 192.168.50.20. u tin, Trm s thc hin php tnh AND gia a Ch cc b vi Subnet Mask mc nh cc b. Bi v khi thc hin php tnh AND 2 s, bt k s no AND vi 0 s l 0, v AND vi 1 s l chnh n => khi AND 192.168.20.50 vi 255.255.255.0 kt qu l 192.168.20.0. My trm sau s thc hin php tnh AND gia a ch ch vi Subnet Mask ging trn. TCP/IP sau s so snh kt qu nhng gi tr t 2 php tnh AND. Nu 2 gi tr ng nht th Trm TCP/IP kt lun ch kia l trn Subnet cc b. Nu 2 gi tr khc nhau th trm xc nh ch kia l xa. Ta cng c 1 cch vit khc xc nh Subnet Mask l: a ch IP/Tin t mng Tin t mng c xc nh bng cch cng tt c cc bit 1 trong dy 32bit ca Subnet Mask. V d: 192.168.5.10 c Subnet Mask mc nh l 255.255.255.0. i qua s nh phn s l 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000. => Tng cng c 24 bit 1. Vy ta c th vit di dng:192.168.5.10 / 24 Bng 5: Nhng Subnet Mask mc nh cho cc Lp mng

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4.7 DEFAULT GATEWAY Khi 1 trm trong TCP/IP cn truyn thng tin vi 1 Trm trn mng khc th n phi thng qua 1 Router. Router c gn nhiu Interface (vd Card Mng) kt ni n cc Mng ring bit, Routing l qu trnh nhn nhng gi IP ti 1 Interface v gi nhng gi ny ra 1 Interface khc hng v 1 ch cui cng. Vi 1 host c cp trn mng TCP/IP th Default Gateway l a ch ca Router, nm trong 1 phm vi Broadcast, n c cu hnh a nhng lung IP n Mng khc. Khi 1 my tnh c gng truyn t thng tin n 1 trm khc trn Mng IP, my tnh s dng SUBNET MASK xc nh trm ch l Cc B (Local) hay Xa (Remote). Nu ch l 1 trm trn 1 phn on Mng Cc B, my tnh s n gin gi 1 gi tin n Mng Cc B bng cch truyn cho tt c (Broadcast). Nu ch l 1 Trm xa, my tnh s a gi tin n Default Gateway c xc nh trong TCP/IP Properties. Router c ghi r ti a ch Default Gateway sau s chu trch nhim a gi tin n mng 1 cch chnh xc. 4.8 CHIA SUBNET Nhng Subnet Mask c s dng bi nhiu host xc nh u l phn chia ca 1 a ch IP c xem nh l Net ID ca a ch .Lp A, B v C s dng Subnet Mask mc nh c che ln lt l 8, 16, 24bit tng ng vi nhng a ch 32bit. Mt mng cc b c nh r bi 1 Subnet Mask hay cn gi l 1 Subnet. Chia subnet l phng php logic chia 1 a ch mng bng cch tng bit 1 s dng trong Subnet Mask ca 1 mng. Phn m rng ny cho php bn chia nhiu Subnet bn trong mng ban u +255.255.0.0 l Subnet Mask mc nh c s dng cho nhng host bn trong lp B , v d nh 131.107.0.0, th 2 a ch 131.107.1.11 v 131.107.2.11 l ging Subnet. V nhng host trong Net ny lin lc vi nhau bng cch gi gi tin Broadcast. Nhng khi Subnet Mask c tng thm thnh 255.255.255.0 th r rng 2 a ch 131.107.1.11 v 131.107.2.11 l khc Net. Th nhng host ny mun lin lc vi nhau th phi gi 1 gi tin IP n Default Gateway, ci m n chu trch nhim routing nhng gi d liu n Subnet ch. + Trong khi ban u a ch lp B khi cha chia Subnet c 65.534 host th Subnet Mask mi c cu hnh nh hnh bn di cho php bn chia thnh 256 Subnet vi 254 host trn 1 subnet.

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Hnh 21.Minh ha u im ca chia Subnet + u im ca vic chia Subnet l khi chia xong nhng phn on con c th tri rng trn nhiu phn on vt l (vd mng c th gm 2 phn on l Ethernet v Token Ring). Tuy nhin u im chnh l gim lu lng mng v khi chia Subnet th lu lng cc gi tin Broadcast khng lm nh hng n ton mng do Router gia cc mng s chn cc gi tin Broadcast. Xc nh Tng s Host trn 1 Mng bng cch ta ly 2 ly tha s bit lm Host ID sau tr cho 2. V d: 192.168.1.0 thuc lp C nn mc nh s c 24bit lm Net ID (192.168.1.0/24) v 8bit lm Host ID. Vy Tng s Host : 2 ly tha 8 2 = 254 Host Xc nh Tng s Subnet bng cch ta ly 2 ly tha s bit m rng thm vo Net ID V d: 172.16.0.0. Thuc lp B nn c 16bit lm Net ID(172.16.0.0/16) v 16bit lm Host ID. Do Net ID cha m rng bit no nn s bit m rng = 0 , vy Tng s Subnet = 2 ly tha 0 = 1 Subnet Vy nu 172.16.0.0 vit di dng 172.16.0.0/20. Vy c ngha s bit lm Host ID l 12 v s bit m rng thm vo Net ID l 4. => Tng S Host : 2 ly tha 12 2 = 4094 Hosts => Tng S Subnet : 2 ly tha 4 = 16 Subnets Xc nh s Host trn mi Subnet: Tnh tng s Host trn 1 Subnet ging nh tnh tng s Host trn 1 Mng. Khi 1 a ch Mng c chia Subnet. Th tng s Host trn mi Subnet s l 2 ly tha x -2 vi x l s bit lm Host ID.

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c lng phm vi a ch Subnet: Bng cch s dng K Hiu Thp Phn Du Chm , ta c th c lng c phm vi ca nhng a ch IP trn mi Subnet n gin bng cch ta ly 256 tr cho gi tr b 8 thch hp trong Subnet Mask. V d 1: 1 Net thuc lp C c a ch 192.168.5.0 vi Subnet Mask l 255.255.255.192. Ta ly 256-192 = 64, Vy kt qu mi phm v a ch Subnet ca Mng c nhm trong khong 64: 192.168.5.0 192.168.5.63, 192.168.5.64 192.167.5.127, .v.v V d 2: 1 Net thuc lp B c a ch 172.16.0.0 vi Subnet Mask l 255.255.255.240. Ta ly 256-240 = 16. Bi vy, mi phm vi a ch Subnet c nhm 16 v tr th 3 v thch hp b 8. Nhng tri li v tr th 4 ca b 8 c phm vi t 0-255: 172.16.0.0 172.16.15.255, 172.16.16.0 172.16.31.255, - Lu rng c 2 a ch khng c dng cp cho Host l a ch mng (tt c cc bit trong phn Host ID u l 0) v a ch Broadcast (tt c cc bit trong phn Host ID u l 1) 4.9 SUPERNETTING ngn s cn dn cc Net ID ca lp A,B. Cc nh iu hnh Internet sp t 1 s gi l Supernetting. Supernetting s cho php nhiu Net gp thnh 1 Net. Supernetting a ra nhiu thun li hiu qu cho vic t a ch cho cc Net. V d: gi s 1 t chc cn cung cp khong 2000 Trm. Con s ny l qu ln i vi 1 lp C (ch c th cp cho 254 trm). Tuy nhin 1 Net thuc lp B c th cp ti 16384 Net vi 65534 trm trn mi Net v con s ny cng s nhanh chng gim bt. Bi vy n khng thit thc 1 ISP (Internet Service Provider) cp 1 Net lp B v nhu cu t chc kia ch chim 3% trong tng s IP ca 1 Net trong lp B , c ngha l lng ph mt 63534 a ch. Bng cch s dng Supernetting, 1 ISP c th cp 1 khi nhng a ch lp C (1 Net c 254 Hosts) m n c xem nh 1 mng c lp u gia lp B v lp C. Trong v d ny, 1 khi gm 8 Net thuc lp C c th p ng nhu cu t chc kia bng cch cp 2032 host. Supernetting khc vi chia Subnet ch l Supernetting mn nhng Bit Net ID em qua lm Host ID. V d: gi s 1 ISP cp cho bn 1 khi gm 8 Net lp C t 207.46.168.0 dn 207.46.175.0. Gn 1 Subnet Mask l /21 (mc nh l /24) n cc Router ti ISP v n tt c cc host nm trong t chc ca bn, kt qu l tt c cc my u thy nhau nh l 1 Net bi v nh vo Net ID b rt ngn pht sinh t subnet mask l /24, phn Net ID ca ton b 8 a ch ny by gi c nhn thy nh l duy nht.

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Hnh 22.Supernetting 4.10 CIDR (CLASSLES INTER-DOMAIN ROUTING) NH TUYN LIN VNG KHNG PHN LP CIDR l 1 phng php hiu qu tnh ton cc supernet bn trong nhng bng nh Tuyn. Nu khng dng CIDR, nhng bng nh Tuyn s ghi vo 1 mc ring x l mng nguyn bn trong supernet. CIDR cho php ton b supernet c x l ch bng 1 mc duy nht.

Hnh 23.nh tuyn lin vng khng phn lp Tri vi phng php phn lp. CIDR s dng K hiu nh phn ngha l tt c a ch IP v Subnet Mask c chuyn i thnh 0 v 1 to nn 32 gi tr thay v 4 gi tr nh ban u (v d: 172.16.2.2->10101100 00010000 00000100 00000010). Cu trc ny cho kch thc mng linh hot hn v ti u vic gn a ch IP

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VD: 10.217.123.7 chuyn sang nh phn ta c 00001010 11011001 01111011 00000111. Lm tng t vi Subnet Mask chng hn l 255.255.240.0 ta c 11111111 11111111 11110000 00000000. Sau ta s AND 2 gi tr thp phn va chuyn tnh phn Net ID. Vy ta c 00001010 11011001 01110000 00000000. Sau chuyn sang h Thp phn ta c 10.217.112.0. Ta cng tt c cc bit1 li , cui cng ta c 10.217.112.0/20 Phng php CIDR lun cn c a ch IP v Subnet Mask xc nh c 1 a ch bt k cng Net hay khc Net. 4.11 VARIABLE LENGTH SUNET MASKS (SUBNET MASKS C CHIU DI THAY I) Theo cch truyn thng th 1 Subnet Mask n c chia s qua mi host v router trong 1 t chc. Khi 1 Subnet Mask n c s dng khp ton b mng, mng c th b hng bn trong nhng subnet, v nhng subnet ny c cng s host bi v n dng Subnet Mask ging nhau. iu ny l ko hiu qu. Tuy nhin, vi Variable-Length Subnet Masks (VLSMs) th cc router trong 1 t chc c th qun l nhng Subnet Mask khc nhau. Thng thng nht, VLSMs c dng cho php t cc subnets chia thnh subnet nh hn, hay ni cch khc, VLSMs cn c gi l Chia subnet trong 1 subnet ln hn tn dng ti a a ch. hiu r vn ny, ta s lm 1 v d: Gi s 1 cng ty c 3 vn phng A(50 host), B(27 host), C(12 host) v D(12 host) nh hnh bn di. Lm th no tn dng ti a khng gian a ch

Hnh 24.Subnet mask chiu di thay i Theo bi th 1 a ch mng lp C 192.168.100.0/24 ph hp c cp. Ta s tin hnh m rng Net ID bng cch ly s bit Host ID a qua Net ID. Cc bc lm nh sau:
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B1: Xc nh bao nhiu bit Host ID s cn p ng Net ln nht B2: Ly 1 subnet cp cho Net ln nht B3: Chn Net ln k tip lm vic B4: Chn Net ln th 3 lm vic Ta bt u tin hnh lm B1: + Ta nhn thy vn phng A l Net ln nht vi 50 host. Do , bn cn bit bao nhiu bit Host ID s cn: Nu 2 ly tha H 2 = S host hp l trn mi subnet Sau , 2 ly tha H 2 >= 50 Do H = 6 (6 l gi tr nh nht hp l): + Bn cn 6 bit lm Host p ng yu cu ca vn phng A + Nu bn cn 6 bit Host v bn bt u vi 8 bit Net, th 8-6 = 2 bit Net to ra cc subnet Bt u vi: NNNNNNNN (y l 8 bit trong b 8 th 4) V by gi : NNHHHHHH Ta tin hnh B2: + Ta c 2 bit Net lm vic vy ta c 2 ly tha 2 = 4 Subnets : NN = 00HHHHHH (6 bit H bn cn cho vn phng A) 01HHHHHH 10HHHHHH 11HHHHHH + Nu bn cng tt c cc s 0 vo bit H bn s c s Mng cho 4 subnet: 00000000 = .0 01000000 = .64 10000000 = .128 11000000 = .192 + y l tt c cc subnet m bn c ging Subnet Mask + 2 bit ly t Host ID sang Net ID. Vy Subnet Mask l:
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11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 hay 255.255.255.192 hay /26 + Ly 1 subnet cho vn phng A. Ta cn li 3 Subnet Bng 6: Chia Subnet Mask

Ta tin hnh B3: Chn Net ln k tip lm vic + Ta thy vn phng B ph hp yu cu vi 27 host + Xc nh s bit Host ID cn cho Net ny: 2 ly tha H 2 >= 27 ; H = 5 + Bn cn 5 bit Host p ng yu cu vn phng B + Bn bt u vi m hnh 2 bit Net v 6 bit Host cho Vn Phng A. + Bn ly 1 trong cc Net /26 cn li chia cho Vn Phng B + Vi mc ch ca bi, ta chn mng .128/26: 10000000 + Nhng bn cn 5 bit , khng phi 6 bit. Do bn cn thm 1 bit N bn tri: 10N00000 Khi : * 10 i din m ta cho phn nguyn thy ca chia Subnet * N i din cho bit m rng * 00000 i din cho 5 bit Host bn cn cho vn phng B + Bi v bn c bit m rng ny, bn phi to ra 2 subnet nh hn t subnet nguyn thy: 10000000 10100000 + Chuyn qua h thp phn, nhng subnet ny l: 10000000 = .128 10100000 = .160 Bn c subnet c chia trong subnet. y l dng c bn ca VLSMs Mi subnet c chia trong subnet s c 1 Subnet Mask mi. Nguyn thy ban u Subnet Mask l /24 c thay i thnh /24 bn trong Net A. Sau bn ly 1 trong nhng mng Subnet /26 v tch n ra thnh 2 mng subnet /27: 10000000 v 10000000 vi 3 bit Net v 5 bit Host
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V Mask by gi s bng: 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000 Hay 255.255.255.224 Hay /27 Ly 1 trong nhng subnet c chia trong subnet cho vn phng B: 10000000/27 = Network B S dng 1 subnet c chia trong subnet cn li s dng v sau hay bn c th chia nh ra tip nu bn cn. Bn mun bo m nhng a ch s khng b trng lp. Bn tr li vi Bng nguyn thy trn: Bng 7: Chia Subnet Mask

By gi bn c th chia mng .128/26 thnh 2 mng /27 nh hn v cp cho vn phng B Bng 8: Chia Subnet Mask

Nhng mng cn li th vn c sn cp cho nhng mng hay subnet thm na kt qu tt hn. Ta tin hnh B4: Chn Net ln th 3 lm vic + Vn phng C v D mi vn phng 12 host + Xc nh bit Host cn cho cc mng ny: 2 ly tha H 2 >= 12 ;H = 4 + Bn cn 4 bit p ng yu cu ca Vn Phng C v D + Bn bt u vi m hnh 2 bit Net v 6 bit Host cho Vn Phng A + By gi bn phi la chn ly Mng no. Bn c th ly 1 mng /26 khc hoc cng c th ly 1 mng /27 v th xem n c va vi yu cu ko.

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+ Vi mc ch ca Bi, ta chn 1 mng /27 .160/27: 10100000 (bit 1 v tr th 3 khng cn c t m nh trn v by gi n l phn ca bit Net) + Nhng bn ch cn 4 bit Host, khng phi 5. Do bn cn thm 1 bit N bn tri: 101N0000 Khi * 101 i din m ta cho phn nguyn thy ca Subnet * N i din cho bit m rng * 0000 i din cho 4 bit Host bn cn cho vn phng C, D + Bi v bn c bit m rng ny, bn phi to ra 2 subnet nh hn t subnet nguyn thy: 10100000 10110000 + Chuyn qua h thp phn, nhng subnet ny l: 10100000 = .160 10110000 = .176 Mi subnet c chia trong subnet s c 1 Subnet Mask mi. Mi subnet c chia trong subnet by gi c 4 bit Net v 4 bit Host v Mask mi ca chng l: 11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000 hay 255.255.255.240 hay /28 Ly 1 trong nhng subnet c chia trong subnet mi to ra cho vn phng C v D Bng 9: Chia Subnet Mask cho cc lp

4.12 NGUYN L HOT NG CA GIAO THC TCP/IP V INTERNET Mng my tnh ngy nay tr thnh mt thnh phn quan trng trong ngnh truyn thng. Trn th gii, ban u ch c vi mng my tnh c a vo s dng cc
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vin nghin cu v phc v cho quc phng. Cng vi thi gian, khoa hc pht trin, gi my gim, mng my tnh c mt khp ni, t trng hc, nh my n cc hc vin. c bit s bng n ca mng thng tin ton cu Internet a kh nng s dng mng n tng ngi dn. Hng ngy bn do chi trn Internet, lt trn cc trang Web, c bao gi bn t hi lm th no m con ngi c c kh nng truy cp thng tin mnh m v tin li n nh vy? Tr li y cu hi ny qu l khng n gin v l thnh qu ca hng ngn con ngi, lao ng trong hng chc nm, khng th trnh by gi gn ch trong vi trang vit. M hnh tng qut ca mng Internet Nh trong hnh 1, kt cu vt l ca mng Internet gm c mng chnh cha cc server cung cp dch v cho mng, mng nhnh bao gm cc trm lm vic s dng dch v do Internet cung cp. "m my Internet" hm cha v vn mng chnh, mng nhnh v bao ph ton th gii. mt h thng phc tp nh vy hot ng trn tru v hiu qu th iu kin tin quyt l mi my tnh trong mng, d khc nhau v kin trc, u phi giao tip vi mng theo cng mt quy lut. l giao thc TCP/IP:

Hnh 25.Kt cu vt l ca mng Qu trnh truyn d liu qua mng Internet

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Nu tng lp trnh, bn hn bit rng mt chng trnh hon chnh c to nn t nhiu module vi cc chc nng v nhim v khc nhau nhng li lin kt cht ch vi nhau. Qu trnh truyn d liu cng nh vy. c th truyn qua mng Internet, d liu phi c x l qua nhiu tng. Mt mng intranet theo chun OSI thng c by tng nhng Internet ch c bn tng x l d liu l: * Tng application * Tng transport cn gi l tng TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) * Tng network cn gi l tng IP (Internet Protocol) * Tng Datalink/Physical Gi s bn ang my A v mun gi mt thng ip ti my B. Bn dng mt trnh son tho vn bn son th, sau nhn nt Send. Tnh t thi im d liu c x l ln lt nh trong hnh 2.

Hnh 26.ng i ca mng u tin, d liu c x l bi tng application. Tng ny c nhim v t chc d liu theo khun dng v trt t nht nh tng application my B c th hiu c. iu ny ging nh khi bn vit mt chng trnh th cc cu lnh phi tun theo th t v c php nht nh th chng trnh mi chy c. Tng application gi d liu xung tng di theo dng byte ni byte. Cng vi d liu, tng application cng gi xung cc thng tin iu khin khc gip xc nh a ch n, i ca d liu. Khi xung ti tng TCP, dng d liu s c ng thnh cc gi c kch thc khng nht thit bng nhau nhng phi nh hn 64 KB. Cu trc ca gi d liu TCP gm mt phn header cha thng tin iu khin v sau l d liu. Sau khi ng gi xong tng TCP, d liu c chuyn xung cho tng IP.
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Gi d liu xung ti tng IP s tip tc b ng gi li thnh cc gi d liu IP nh hn sao cho c kch thc ph hp vi mng chuyn mch gi m n dng truyn d liu. Trong khi ng gi, IP cng chn thm phn header ca n vo gi d liu ri chuyn xung cho tng Datalink/Physical. Khi cc gi d liu IP ti tng Datalink s c gn thm mt header khc v chuyn ti tng physical i vo mng. Gi d liu lc ny gi l frame. Kch thc ca mt frame hon ton ph thuc vo mng m my A kt ni. Trong khi chu du trn mng Internet, frame c cc router ch dn c th ti ng ch cn ti. Router thc ra l mt module ch c hai tng l Network v Datalink/Physical. Cc frame ti router s c tng Datalink/Physical lc b header m tng ny thm vo v chuyn ln tng Network (IP). Tng IP da vo cc thng tin iu khin trong header m n thm vo quyt nh ng i tip theo cho gi IP. Sau gi IP ny li c chuyn xung tng Datalink/Physical i vo mng. Qu trnh c th tip tc cho n khi d liu ti ch l my B. Khi ti my B cc gi d liu c x l theo quy trnh ngc li vi my A. Theo chiu mi tn, u tin d liu qua tng datalink/physical. Ti y frame b b i phn header v chuyn ln tng IP. Ti tng IP, d liu c bung gi IP, sau ln tng TCP v cui cng ln tng application hin th ra mn hnh. H thng a ch v c ch truyn d liu trong mng Internet mt gi d liu c th i t ngun ti ch, mng Internet dng mt h thng nh a ch tt c cc my tnh ni vo mng nh hnh 3.

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Hnh 27.H thng tn v a ch ca mng Internet Nhng tn v a ch ny c gi cho my tnh nhn d liu. phn tch h thng tn/a ch, hy bt u t thp ln cao: 4.12.1 A CH VT L HAY CN GI L A CH MAC S d c tn gi nh vy l v a ch ny gn lin vi phn cng v i din cho mt thit b. Thng thng a ch vt l c t ngay trn bng mch my tnh hay trn thit b kt ni trc tip vi my (modem, card mng...)

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Hnh 28.a ch IP vt l a ch vt l c s dng nh sau: Thit b nhn d liu kim tra a ch vt l ch ca gi d liu tng vt l. Nu a ch ch ny ph hp a ch vt l ca thit b th gi d liu s c chuyn ln tng trn, nu khng n s b b qua. 4.12.2 SAP Dng i din cho giao thc bn trn tng MAC, y l IP. 4.12.3 A CH MNG( NETWORK ADDRESS) Mt thc th trong mng c xc nh ch qua a ch mng m khng cn a ch vt l. D liu c truyn qua mng ch da vo a ch mng. Khi no d liu ti mng LAN th a ch vt l mi cn thit a d liu ti ch. V d: My gi c a ch 128.1.6.7 ->a ch mng l 128.1 My nhn c a ch 132.5.8.12 ->a ch mng l 132.5 Mng Internet c trch nhim da vo 2 a ch mng trn a d liu ti mng 132.5. Khi ti mng 132.5 th da vo a ch 8.12 s tm ra a ch vt l thc truyn d liu ti ch. Nh vy c mt thc mc l: c a ch vt l ri, ti sao li cn thm a ch mng? Vic tn ti 2 loi a ch l do cc nguyn nhn: * 2 h thng a ch c pht trin mt cch c lp bi cc t chc khc nhau.

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* a ch mng ch c 32 bit s tit kim ng truyn hn so vi a ch vt l 48 bit. * Khi mch my hng th a ch vt l cng mt. * Trn quan im ngi thit k mng th s rt hiu qu khi tng IP khng lin quan g vi cc tng di. Nh trn ni, t a ch mng c th tm c a ch vt l. Cng vic tm kim ny c thc hin bi giao thc ARP (Address Resolution Protocol). Nguyn tc lm vic ca ARP l duy tr mt bng ghi tng ng a ch IP - a ch vt l. Khi nhn c a ch IP, ARP s dng bng ny tm ra a ch vt l. Nu khng thy, n s gi mt gi d liu, gi l ARP request, cha a ch IP vo mng LAN. Nu my no nhn ARP request v nhn ra a ch IP ca mnh th s gi li mt gi d liu cha a ch vt l ca n. Vy t a ch vt l, mt my tnh trong mng c th bit a ch IP ca mnh hay khng? Cu tr li l c. Giao thc gi l RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol) thc hin cng vic ny. Gi s trong mng c mt my cn bit a ch IP ca mnh, n gi mt gi d liu cho tt c cc my trong mng LAN. Mi my trong mng u c th nhn gi d liu ny, nhng ch c RARP server mi tr li thng bo cha a ch mng ca my . Trn thc t, khi mun nhp vo mt a ch Internet no , bn hay nh vo dng ch nh "WWW.hotmail.com" m t thy nhng dng a ch s kh khc. Vy c iu g mu thun? Chng sao c, Internet dng mt h thng gi l DNS (Domain Name System) t tn cho mt host v cung cp mt s giao thc chuyn i t a ch ch ra a ch s v ngc li. Cch t chc tn ca DNS tun theo dng hnh cy nh hnh di.

Hnh 29.S DNS Mt my tnh trong mng s ng vi mt nt ca cy. Nh cy trn, my l FPT s c a ch hon chnh l fpt.com.vn. Mi nt trn cy biu din mt min
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(domain) trong h thng DNS; mi min li c mt hay nhiu min com. Ti mi min ny u phi c my ch DNS tng ng qun l h thng tn trong min . hiu r hn hot ng ca DNS, ly mt v d sau: Mt my trm c tn l test.fpt.com.vn mun bit a ch IP ca my www.microsoft.com, qu trnh hi ca n nh sau: Khi my test.fpt.com.vn gi yu cu hi v my www. microsoft.com ti DNS ca min fpt.com.vn, DNS xc nh l tn khng nm trong min m n qun l v gi ngc ln cho min mc cao hn l com.vn. Ti y, DNS cng khng tm c thng tin tho mn nn phi hi ngc ln DNS ca min vn. Qu trnh c th tip din n khi cu hi c gi ti DNS ca min microsoft.com v ti y cu hi c gii p. hot ng hiu qu nh trn, mi my ch DNS lu tr mt c s d liu gm cc bn ghi cha thng tin: + Tn ca DNS cp cao hn + a ch IP + a ch dng ch tng ng Ch s ca bn ghi c ly t a ch IP tng ng, nh t a ch IP c th d dng tm ra a ch ch 4.12.4 PROTOCOL ID Ch ra giao thc ca tng giao vn. Trn Internet trng ny l TCP hoc UDP. 4.12.5 PORT L mt s c trng cho mt chng trnh chy trn Internet. V d, chng trnh ly th in t qua giao thc IMAP c port=143, truyn file c port =21, v.v... 4.12.6 USERNAME L tn ngi ng k s dng chng trnh. phn II c ni ti router, n s dng cc thng tin iu khin trong header ca gi d liu IP quyt nh ng i tip theo ca gi ny. C rt nhiu thng tin iu khin nhng y ch xin phn tch cc thng tin quan trng. u tin l a ch ch. Nu a ch ch trng vi a ch ca router th gi d liu c truyn trc tip cho host B. Nu khng trng th d liu s c truyn n router tip theo trn ng i. Vn l router no c chn. C 2 kh nng la chn router, tc l 2 kh nng dn ng:

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+ Th nht l tun theo mt cch nghim ngt source routing. D liu s c truyn cho router tip theo trong source routing. Nhng d liu ch c truyn i khi router c chn c trong bng cc router c th n c ca router hin ti, bng khng s sinh ra li. + Th hai l "qun i" source routing v tm ng mi ti ch. Router tip theo c chn da trn s tm ng ny. Thng thng s tm ng da trn thut ton Dijstra tm kim theo chiu rng. Trn thc t, cch ny ang c s dng rng ri v c th tr thnh chun trong tng lai. Cc gi d liu IP thng c kch thc ph thuc vo mng con. Cc mng con khc nhau th kch thc gi IP ca chng cng khc nhau. Vy gi s mng A truyn c gi d liu c kch thc ln nht l 1024 byte, mng B truyn c gi d liu c kch thc ln nht l 256 byte th gi d liu t mng A c kch thc 1024 byte qua mng B nh th no? gii quyt vn ny, IP cung cp kh nng phn v gom mnh gi d liu. y chnh l lc IP s dng trng flags v offset trong gi d liu IP. Trng flags thc cht l cc c thng bo gi d liu ny c b phn mnh hay khng, trng offset cha gi tr tng i ca gi con trong gi to ban u. Khi phn mnh cc c c bt ln, ng thi trng offset c thit lp gi tr. Da vo cc d liu trn, IP c th d dng gom mnh gi d liu, hi phc khi d liu to ban u. Kim sot li Qua cc phn trn ta thy qu trnh d liu i trn mng kh r rng nhng trn mt mng rng ln nh Internet th c g m bo d liu s ti ch mt cch an ton? iu g xy ra nu trn ng i cc gi d liu b mt, tc nghn, lc ng...? y ch n thun l cc s c, nhng tht ng tic l n li rt hay xy ra trn thc t, do mt yu cu t ra l phi c c ch thng bo v sa li trn mng. Khi c li, tng IP n thun hu b d liu v thng bo li. Thng bo li c thc hin qua mt giao thc gi l ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol). ICMP c th coi l bn ng hnh vi IP v c mt s c im sau: - Dng IP truyn thng bo qua mng - Khng c chc nng sa li m ch n thun l my thng bo li. Chc nng sa li l ca tng trn (tng TCP) - Thng bo li v gi d liu IP nhng li khng th thng bo li v gi d liu ca chnh mnh - Nu gi d liu IP b phn mnh th khi xy ra li, ICMP ch thng bo li ca mnh u tin

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Ni rng vic sa li l ca TCP nhng tht ra TCP chng sa li g c, khi c li xy ra n ch lm mi mt vic l truyn li. Hy xem n lm vic nh th no. TCP truyn d liu theo c ch "flow window". Tt c cc byte truyn u c nh s th t v TCP qun l vic truyn d liu da vo s th t . Gi s c 13 byte d liu gi cho my B.

Hnh 30.Gi 13 byte d liu theo chun TCP Byte 0 gi i v c xc nhn l ti ni. S xc nhn ny c thc hin bng cch khi nhn c d liu gi n, my B s gi mt thng bo v cho my gi. Thng bo c cha s th t ca byte c chp nhn cha trong trng ACK. Byte 1, 2 c gi nhng cha c xc nhn, cc byte 3, 4, 5 trong khung s c truyn i, cc byte t 6 tr i khng th c truyn. Gi tr window limit c tnh bng cng thc sau: Window limit=SND UNA + SND WND SND UNA = s byte gi i nhng cha c xc nhn SND WND= s byte trong , gi tr ny c ly t trng window trong gi d liu TCP dng xc nhn cc byte ti ni. Gi tr ny chnh l s d liu m my B c th chp nhn. My B by gi li gi mt thng bo tha nhn c ACK=3, Window=6. Lc ny d liu c dng nh di.

Hnh 31.D liu thng bo tha nhn ACK Cc byte 0, 1, 2 c xc nhn, ca s m rng ra, window limit nhn gi tr 3+6 =9. Nh vy s byte c th truyn i c iu khin bi my B, iu ny gip

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gim i s tc nghn giao thng trn mng v lm cho my B c th ch ng x l d liu n mt cch tri chy. Khi c li xy ra trn ng truyn v phi truyn li d liu th TCP khng ch i thng bo xc nhn t pha my B m n lm theo cch sau: khi truyn mt gi d liu, TCP bm gi v nu thi gian ht m khng thy thng bo xc nhn th n tin hnh truyn li. Nh vy thi gian bm gi ht sc quan trng. Ban u thi gian ny c thit lp xung quanh khong thi gian k t khi TCP A gi d liu i n khi nhn c thng bo xc nhn. Nhng v sau do cch tnh ny khng hp l nn ngi ta a ra nhiu cch thit lp khc nhau. Mt trong cc cch tnh c dng ph bin hin nay l thut ton ca Phil Karn. Ni dung cn bn ca thut ton l mi khi ht thi gian th khong thi gian bm ng h tng ln gp mt s ln cho trc. NVT=A x VT NVT: gi tr thi gian mi bm ng h A : hng s, thng ly bng 2 VT: gi tr thi gian ca 1 ln gi v xc nhn C ch kt ni gia hai my trong mng Internet Chng cui cng trong hot ng ca mng Internet l c ch kt ni gia hai my. ton b cc hot ng truyn tin gia hai my trong mng c th din ra th phi hnh thnh knh lin lc hay mt kt ni gia chng. Qu trnh din ra nh sau:

Hnh 32.Qu trnh kt ni gia 2 my trong mng 1: ULP B gi s l mt chng trnh mail server M. Do l server nn lc no n cng ch i s kt ni.
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2: ULP A l chng trnh nhn th in t ca bn. kt ni, bn gi yu cu kt ni xung cho tng TCP. 3: TCP chun b mt gi d liu TCP vi c SYN=1 yu cu c s ng b ho, SEQ c th ly bt k gi tr no, y l =100 v gi cho TCP B. 4: Sau khi nhn gi d liu c SYN=1, TCP B gi tr li mt thng bo c SYN=1, ACK=101, SEQ c th ly bt k gi tr no, y l =177. 5: TCP A nhn c gi d liu t TCP B s gi tip mt gi d liu c ACK=178. 6: TCP A chuyn chp nhn kt ni ln chng trnh A. 7: Sau khi nhn nt gi d liu c ACK=178, TCP B chuyn chp nhn kt ni ln chng trnh B. S kt ni gia 2 module TCP cc bc 3, 4, 5 gi l c ch bt tay 3 bc (three way handshake). Qu trnh ng mt kt ni cng thc hin tng t. 4.13 CCH M PORT CHO MODEM Thit lp NAT cho modem Internet (Thit lp ny dng cho mng FPT). u tin m trnh duyt Internet Explorer g vo Command Bar a ch : http://192.168.1.1. vo giao din qun l modem nh hnh bn di:

Hnh 33.ng nhp modem H thng s yu cu bn nhp Password. Nhp vo password l 12345 hoc 1234 (nhp 2 ln lin tip h thng s t lu password mi cho bn). Nhn chn Login

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vo giao din qun l modem nh hnh bn di. Gm cc mc bn thit lp cc thng s cho modem. Nh Network, Security, Advanced, Maintenamce.

Hnh 34.Giao din Port NAT thit lp NAT, chn th NAT ti Network > NAT > Port Forwarding. m NAT mi: Service Name: ta chon bt k ri sa li sau. Server IP Address: s IP ca my bn do moderm cp v d IP ca my ti lc ny l 192.168.1.36. Chn Add. Khi s c NAT mi trong danh sch vi tn mc nh. Ta chn edit NAT s c giao din sau:

Hnh 35.Thay i thng s Port NAT

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Lc ny ta c th chnh sa li cc thng s ca NAT. Nh Service Name, Start Port (Port m u) v End Port (Port kt thc), Server IP Address. Ch l cc Port nm trong khong gia Start Port v End Port l cc Port c php s dng. Kt thc ta chn Apply. cc thit lp NAT hot ng ta phi tin hnh tt h thng Firewall ca moderm. Bng cch tin hnh nh sau: Vo Firewall theo ng dn Security > Firewall > General nh hnh di:

Hnh 36.B chn Active Firewall B chn Active Firewall Nhc im: Mi ln reset modem th IP s i khc. Do phi vo iu chnh li. khc phc nhc im ny, ngi dng vi mc ch kinh doanh c th mua tn min c nh, kt ni socket s thng qua tn min v s khng b thay i.

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CHNG 5 THIT K PHN CNG

5.1 TNG QUAN V H THNG

Hnh 37.S hot ng tng quan ca h thng Tng quan H thng gim st v iu khin t xa quan mng Internet v GSM bao gm cc thnh phn: My tnh kt ni GSM module: My tnh c ci phn mm SMSCK v kt ni vi kit iu khin v GSM module c nhim v qun l iu khin thc hin cc chc nng iu khin thit b, thc hin nhn tin v cuc gi. ng thi nhn v x l tn hiu iu khin t my tnh khc qua Socket hoc t in thoi qua tin nhn SMS thc hin cc chc nng theo yu cu. My tnh c ci phn mm SMSCK: Thng qua mng Internet (LAN) ta c th kt ni t bt k my tnh no c ci phn mm SMSCK vi my tnh ch c kt ni vi kit iu khin v GSM module v thc hin vic iu khin gin tip qua Socket. in thoi: L bt k chic in thoi no c chc nng nhn tin SMS. Bng vic gi tin nhn theo cu trc nh sn do module qui nh. Ngi iu khin c th qun l v iu khin cc thit b t bt c u trong vng ph sng ca mng in thoi h tr.

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5.2 S KHI CA GSM MODULE

BTS KHI IU KHIN V GIAO TIP KHI GSM Modem SIM300CZ

USB

USART

PC

Hnh 38.S khi GSM module KHI IU KHIN V GIAO TIP S dng chp iu khin ARM STM32F103 ca hng STMicroelectronic. Thc hin vic iu khin cc thit b v m nhn vic giao tip gia Module GSM v my tnh. Khi ny s nhn d liu t my tnh thng qua giao tip USB sau x l d liu thc hin yu cu, nu l tn hiu iu khin thit b khi ny s thc hin vic iu khin thit b qua cc cng I/O. Nu l tn hiu iu khin t Module GSM th khi s x l v a ra lnh AT tng ng iu khin Module GSM qua cng USART, v nhn phn hi t Module GSM thc hin yu cu iu khin thit b hoc gi ln my tnh. KHI GSM Modem SIM300CZ Khi s dng module SIM300CZ ca hng SIMCom. Khi thc hin chc nng giao tip vi mng in thoi di ng v mng di ng nhm thc hin s dng l mng Viettel. Module GSM ny s thc hin vic nhn v gi tin nhn SMS, nhn cuc gi n v pht sinh cuc gi i. V chc nng kt ni GPRS giao tip vi mng Internet qua giao thc TCP/IP vi ti ca nhm chc nng ny ca module cha c s dng. V Module GSM c lnh AT t KHI IU KHIN v GIAO TIP qua giao tip USART hot ng.

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5.3 KHI IU KHIN V GIAO TIP 5.3.1 S KHI

Module GSM PC
MAX 232
USART

Thit b
I/O

CHIP ARM STM32F103

USB

PC

NGUN 5V IC7805

NGUN 3.3V IC1117

Hnh 39.S khi ca mch iu khin v giao tip 5.3.2 CHIP ARM STM32F103

Hnh 40.Chip ARM Cortex M3 Ngy nay cc nh sn xut IC a ra th trng hn 240 dong chip vi iu khin s dng li ARM. Th tp on ST Microelectronic th cho ra mt dng chip STM32, vi iu khin u tin da trn nn li ARM Cortex M3 th h mi do hng ARM thit k, c ci tin t li ARM7 truyn thng, tng mang li thnh cng vang di cho cng ty ARM. Dng STM32 thit lp cc tiu chun mi v hiu sut, chi ph, cng nh kh nng p ng cc ng dng tiu th nng lng thp v tnh iu khin thi gian thc khc khe. Khng gian a ch 4Gbyte ca Cortex M3 c chia l cc vng cho b nh chng trnh, SRAM, ngoi vi v ngoi vi h thng. Cortex M3 c thit k da theo cu trc Harvard (b nh chng trnh v b nh d liu tch bit nhau). C nhiu bus c th thc hin nhiu cng vic song song vi nhau, do l tng hiu sut chip. Khng ging nh cc dng ARM trc y, dng Cortex cho php truy cp b nh khng xp hng (v dng ARM c kin trc 32 bit, do tt c d liu v m chng trnh sp xp theo bi s ca 4byte) nn c im ny cho php s dng hiu qu
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SRAM ni. Dng Cortex cn h tr vic t v xa cc bit bn trong hai vng 1Mbyte ca b nh bng phng php gi l bit banding. c im ny cho php truy cp hiu qu n cc thanh ghi ngoi vi v cc c c dng trn b nh SRAM m khng cn mt b x l lun l. Mt trong nhng thnh phn chnh ca li Cortex M3 l NVIC (Nested Vector Interrupt Controller). NVIC cung cp mt cu trc ngt chun cho tc c cc vi iu khin c thit k trn li Cortex v cch x l ngt c bit (exceptional interrupt). NVIC cung cp cc vector ngt chuyn dng ln n 240 ngun ngt t ngoi vi, mi ngun ngt c th c u tin vi cc mc khc nhau. NVIC c thit k x l cc ngt i hi thi gian p ng cc k nhanh. Thi gian t lc nhn tn hiu ngt cho ti khi thc hin dng lnh u tin trong trnh phc ngt ch khong 12 chu k xung nhp. Cng vic ny c thc hin t ng bi mt vi chng trnh ci sn trong CPU. Trng hp cc ngt lng nhau NVIC s dng phng thc gi l tail chain cho php ngt lin tip c phc v vi tr ch c 6 chu k xung nhp. Trong qu trnh thc thi chng trnh phc v ngt, mt ngt c mc u tin cao hn ngt hin ti c th cnh tranh vi ngt hin ti m khng chu bt k s tr hon no. c im ni bt ca STM32 so vi cc dng ARM khc chnh l kh nng truy cp b nh khng xp hng (Unaligned Memory Accesses). Tp lnh ARM7 v ARM9 c kh nng truy cp cc bin c du v khng du c kch thc byte, half word (thng l 2 byte) v word (4byte) . iu ny cho php CPU h tr cc bin s nguyn m khng cn n th vin phn mm h tr, thng c yu cu vi vi iu khin 8bit v 16bit. Tuy nhin, cc phin bn CPU ARM trc gp bt li ch, n ch c th truy cp d liu c kch thc l word hay half word. iu ny hn ch kh nng ca lin kt ca trnh bin dch (compiler linker) trong vic ng gi d liu vo SRAM, nh vy mt s SRAM s b lng ph. Vic lng ph ny c th ln n 25% ty thuc vo s kt hp ca cc bin c s dng. B x l Cortex M3 c th truy cp b nh khng xp hng vic m bo rng SRAM c s dng mt cch hiu qu.

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Hnh 41.So snh b nh ARM thng v ARM Cortex Tnh nng chnh ca Chip STM32F103: Li: ARM 32-bit Cortex-M3 CPU + Tn s hot ng ti a 72MHz, hiu sut mc 0 trng thi ch truy cp b nh. + C b nhn v chia tn s bng phn cng. B nh: + 256 n 512 Kbyte b nh Flash ROM + 64 Kbyte SRAM + B iu khin b nh tnh linh hot vi 4 chip Select. H tr c cc loi b nh Compact Flash, SRAM, PSRAM, NOR, NAND. + Giao tip song song LCD Clock, Reset v qun l ngun: + 2 n 3.6V cho gun cung cp v cc cng xut nhp I/O. + Dao ng thch anh 4 n 16 MHz. + Dao ng ni chun cng nghip 8 MHz. + Dao ng RTC chun 32 KHz. Tiu th nng lng thp: + 3 ch hot ng : SLEEP, STOP v STANDBY. + VBAT cung cp cho RTC v thanh ghi d phng. 3 x B chuyn i A/D 12bit 1us (21 knh chuyn i) + Phm vi chuyn i: 0 - 3.6V + B gi mu
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+ Cm bin nhit 2 x B chuyn i D/A12bit, 1us 12 knh iu khin DMA + H tr cc giao tip ngoi vi: Timer, ADC, DAC, SDIO, I2S, I2C, SPI v USART. Vi 13 giao tip truyn d liu + 2 Giao tip I2C + 5 Giao tip USART + 3 Giao tip SPI (18Mbit/s), 2 giao tip a nng I2S + Giao tip CAN + Giao tip USB 2.0 full-speed + Giao tip SDIO

Hnh 42.S chn chip STM32F103 5.3.2.1 Giao tip USB ca chip STM32 5.3.2.1.1 Tnh nng chnh ca USB c tnh k thut USB 2.0 full-speed tng thch. Cu hnh s lng cc thit b u cui l 1-8. Kim tra d vng (CRC) pht sinh, m ha v gii m Non- Return-to-Zero ngc (NRZI) v bit-nhi. H tr truyn ng thi. B m kp. H tr thit b u cui ng thi.
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Treo USB v phc hi hot ng. Khung d liu kha xung clock pht sinh. Lu :USB v CAN chia s mt 512-byte b nh SRAM ring chuyn dng truyn v tip nhn d liu, v v th chng khng th s dng ng thi (SRAM chia s c truy xut thng qua CAN v USB c quyn). USB v CAN c th c s dng trong cng mt ng dng nhng khng ng thi. 5.3.2.1.2 M t chc nng ca USB

Hnh 43.S khi ca thit b ngoi vi USB . Cc thit b ngoi vi USB cung cp mt kt ni USB tng thch gia my tnh v thit b chc nng thc hin bi vi iu khin. Truyn d liu gia cc my tnh ch v b nh h thng xy ra thng qua mt gi b nh m chuyn dng truy cp trc tip bi thit b USB ngoi vi. Kch thc ca b nh m chuyn dng ny phi ph hp s thit b u cui s dng v gi kch thc ti a b nh chuyn dng ny l n 512 byte v ln n 16 thit b u cui n hng hoc 8 u cui hai chiu c th c s dng. Giao tip USB ngoi vi vi USB ch, pht hin cc gi m thng bo, iu khin truyn/nhn d liu, v x l cc gi d liu bt tay theo yu cu ca USB

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chun. nh dng giao tc c thc hin bi phn cng, bao gm c CRC pht sinh v kim tra. Mi u cui c lin kt vi mt b m, m t khi cho thy ni m cc thit b u cui lin kt n vng nh c nh tuyn, n ln nh th no hoc c bao nhiu byte phi c truyn i. Khi mt m thng bo cho mt chc nng hp l/cp u cui c nhn dng bi cc USB ngoi vi, cc chuyn giao d liu lin quan (nu cn v nu im cui c cu hnh) din ra. Cc d liu m ca USB ngoi vi c ti trong mt thanh ghi ni 16 bit v truy cp b nh b m chuyn dng c thc hin khi tt c cc d liu c chuyn giao, nu cn thit, bn thn gi gi d liu bt tay trong USB c to ra hoc d kin ph hp nh hng truyn pht. Khi kt thc giao dch, mt ngt im cui c trng c to ra, c trng thi thanh ghi v/hoc s dng cc ngt khc nhau p ng ng nh tuyn. Cc vi iu khin c th xc nh: Nhng im cui phi c phc v. Cc loi hnh giao dch din ra, nu li xy ra (bit nhi, nh dng, CRC, giao thc, thiu ACK, vt qu/ngm, vv). H tr c bit c cung cp cho truyn pht ng thi v truyn pht lu lng ln cao, thc thi bng cch s dng b m kp, cho php lun c mt vng m c sn cho cc USB ngoi vi, trong khi vi iu khin s dng mt ci khc. B phn ny c th c t ch cng sut thp (ch TM NGNG), bng cch ghi vo trong thanh ghi iu khin, bt c khi no cn thit. Vo lc ny, tt c cc tiu tn cng sut tnh l trnh c, v cc b nh thi USB c th c lm chm li hoc ngng. Pht hin cc hot ng ti cc u vo USB,. trong khi ch cng sut thp, nh thc cc thit b khng ng b. Mt ngun ngt c bit c th c kt ni trc tip vi mt ng dy nh thc cho php h thng ngay lp tc khi ng li bnh thng b xung nhp v/hoc h tr trc tip b xung nhp khi ng/dng. 5.3.2.1.3 M t ca cc khi USB Cc thit b ngoi vi USB thc hin tt c cc tnh nng lin quan n giao tip USB, trong bao gm cc khi nh sau: C cu giao tip ni tip (SIE): Cc chc nng ca khi ny bao gm: kt cu nhn dng ng b , bit-nhi, pht sinh v kim tra CRC, xc nhn/pht sinh PID, v nh gi bt tay. N phi giao tip vi cc thu pht USB v s dng cc b m o
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c cung cp bi cc gi b m giao tip cho d liu lu tr lu,..n v ny cng to ra cc tn hiu theo cc s kin USB ngoi vi, chng hn nh bt u ca Frame (SOF), USB_Reset, d liu li, vv v im cui lin quan cc s kin nh kt thc truyn hoc tip nhn chnh xc ca mt gi tin; cc tn hiu ny sau c s dng to ngt. Timer: Khi ny to ra kha xung nhp (clock) bt u mt khung (frame) d liu v pht hin ton b cc tr hon (t my ch) khi khng c lu lng c nhn trong 3ms. Gi m giao tip: khi ny qun l b nh ni thc hin mt thit lp b m mt cch linh hot, cho c truyn v nhn. N c th la chn b m thch hp theo yu cu n t cc SIE v xc nh v tr chng trong b nh a ch bng cc thanh ghi Endpoint. N gia tng cc a ch sau mi ln trao i cc t(word) cho n khi kt thc gi tin, theo di s lng byte cc trao i v ngn chn vic trn b m cho cng sut ti a. Thanh ghi Endpoint-Related: Mi u cui c lin kt vi mt thanh ghi cha loi im cui v trng thi hin ti ca n. i vi thit b u cui n hng (mono-directional) /b m n(single-buffer), mt thanh ghi duy nht c th c s dng thc hin cho hai thit b u cui ring bit. S thanh ghi l 8, cho php ln n 16 mono-directional/single-buffer hoc ln n 7 b m kp u cui trong vi b kt hp V d nh USB ngoi vi. c th c lp trnh c 4 b m kp im cui v 8 thit b u cui b m n/n hng (single-buffer/mono-directional). Thanh ghi iu khin: y l nhng ghi c cha thng tin v trng thi ca ton b USB ngoi vi v s dng khng ch mt s s kin USB, chng hn nh tip tc v ngt ngun in. Thanh ghi ngt: Bao gm mt n ngt(Interrupt Mask) v mt bn ghi li cc s kin . Chng c th c s dng yu cu mt l do ngt, trng thi ngt hoc xa trng thi ca mt ch ngt. Lu : * Endpoint 0 lun lun c s dng iu khin truyn pht trong ch b m n. Cc thit b ngoi vi USB c kt ni vi cc bus APB1 thng qua mt giao tip APB1, c cha cc khi nh sau: Gi b nh: y l b nh ni vt l cha cc Gi b m. N c th c s dng bi cc giao tip gi b m, to cu trc d liu v c th c truy cp trc
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tip bi cc phn mm ng dng. Cc kch thc ca b nh gi l 512 byte, cu trc thnh 256 word c 16 bit. B phn x: khi ny truy cp b nh yu cu n t cc bus APB1 v t giao tip USB. N gii quyt cc xung t bng cch a ra u tin cho APB1 truy cp, trong khi lun dnh mt na s bng thng b nh hon thnh tt c cc truyn pht USB. H thng thi gian song cng thc hin mt dual-port SRAM o cho php truy cp b nh, trong khi mt giao dch USB ang xy ra. Nhiu t (word) APB1 truyn pht c di bt k cng c php bi h thng ny. Thang ghi Mapper: khi ny thu thp cc thanh ghi rng byte v rng bit khc nhau ca USB ngoi vi, trong mt word c cu trc rng 16-bit, thit lp a ch bng cc APB1. APB1 Wrapper: Khi ny cung cp cc giao tip n APB1 cho b nh v thanh ghi. N cng l cc bn tng th ca USB ngoi vi trong khng gian a ch APB1. Ngt Mapper: Khi ny c s dng la chn lm th no s kin USB c th to ra cc ngt v bn ca chng cho ba ng khc nhau ca NVIC: - USB-ngt u tin thp (Channel 20): c kch hot bi tt c cc s kin USB (iu chnh truyn pht, thit lp li USB, vv). Firmware phi kim tra ngun ngt trc khi phc v ngt. - USB-ngt u tin cao (Channel 19): Ch c kch hot bi s kin iu chnh truyn pht ng thi v truyn pht lu lng ln b m kp t c tc truyn cao nht c th. - USB ngt wakeup(Channel 42): c kch hot bi cc s kin wakeup t ch tr hon USB. 5.3.2.2 Giao tip USART ca chip STM32 B thu pht ni tip ng b v khng ng b (USART) cung cp linh hot phng thc trao i d liu full-duplex vi thit b bn ngoi theo chun cng nghip, nh dng d liu NRZ ni tip khng ng b. USART cung cp mt phm vi rt rng tc Baud s dng mt b pht tc Baud. N h tr mt phng thc giao tip ng b v mt phng thc giao tip half-duplex one-wire . N cng h tr cc LIN (mng lin kt ni b),SmartCard

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Protocol v IrDA (kt ni d liu hng ngoi) SIR ENDEC chi tit k thut, v cc hot ng modem (CTS/RTS). N cho php truyn thng a x l. Truyn d liu tc cao bng cch s dng DMA cho cu hnh multibuffer. 5.3.2.2.1 Tnh nng chnh USART Song cng, truyn thng khng ng b. nh dng chun NRZ (Mark / Space). H thng b phn pht tc baud. - Thng thng tc Baud lp trnh truyn v nhn ln n 4,5 Mbits/s. Chiu di word ca d liu lp trnh (8 hoc 9 bit). Cu hnh bit Stop - h tr cho 1 hoc 2 bit Stop. Pht ra xung clock ng ra truyn ng b. IrDA SIR Decoder Encoder - H tr cho 3/16 bit thi gian cho ch bnh thng. Smartcard Emulation Capability - Giao din thng minh h tr giao thc Smartcards khng ng b nh quy nh ti tiu chun ISO 7816-3. - 0.5, 1.5: Stop Bits cho hot ng Smartcard. Truyn thng mt dy Half-Duplex Cu hnh truyn thng multibuffer bng cch s dng DMA (truy cp b nh trc tip) - Buffering ca nhn / byte truyn trong SRAM dnh ring bng cch s dng tp trung DMA ring bit cho php pht v nhn Cc c pht hin chuyn d liu: - B m nhn y - B m pht trng - Cc c kt thc vic truyn iu khin Parity: - Truyn bit chn l. - Kim tra tnh chn l ca byte d liu nhn c. Bn c pht hin li: - Li trn - Li nhiu - Li khung - Li parity Mi ngun ngt vi cc c:
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- Thay i CTS - Pht hin LIN ngng - Thanh ghi truyn d liu trng - Truyn ti hon thnh - Thanh ghi nhn d liu y - Ri ng nhn - Li trn - Li khung - Li nhiu - Li parity Truyn thng a x l - nhp vo ch tt nu a ch ph hp khng xut hin. nh thc t ch im lng (pht hin ng dy ri hoc pht hin a ch mask). nh thc hai ch thu: bit a ch (MSB, 9 bit), ng dy ri. 5.3.2.2.2 M t chc nng USART Giao tip kt ni bn ngoi vi mt thit b khc bng ba chn. Bt k giao tip USART hai chiu i hi phi c ti thiu hai chn: Nhn d liu vo (RX) v Truyn d liu ra (TX): RX: Tip nhn d liu ng vo l d liu ni tip. K thut ly mu c s dng cho d liu thu hi chn lc gia cc d liu n hp l n v nhiu. TX: Truyn d liu ng ra. Khi b pht b v hiu ha, cc chn ng ra tr v cu hnh cng I/O. Khi b pht c kch hot v khng c g c truyn i, cc TX pin mc cao. Trong ch single-wire v Smartcard, Cc I/O ny c s dng truyn v nhn c d liu (ti USART, d liu ny sau nhn c trn SW_RX). M t k t USART Chiu di Word c th c la chn l 8 hoc 9 bit bng cch lp trnh cc bit M trong thanh ghi USART_CR1. Cc chn TX trng thi thp trong khi bit Start. N trng thi cao trong khi bit Stop. Mt K t ri c hiu nh l mt b khung ton cc s "1" tip theo sau bit Start tip theo bit Start l khung d liu - (Cc s "1" s bao gm c bit Stop). Mt K t ngng c hiu v vic tip nhn cc s "0 " trong mt thi gian ca khung d liu. Vo cui khung ngng c truyn chn 1 hoc 2 bit Stop (bit "1") xc nhn bit Start.
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Truyn v nhn c iu khin bi mt b pht tc baud, xung clock cho mi c to ra khi bit cho php c thit lp tng ng cho truyn pht v nhn.

Hnh 44. di Word lp trnh Transmitter B pht c th gi word d liu 8 hay 9 bit ty thuc vo trng thi bit M. Khi truyn ti bit cho php (TE) c thit lp, cc d liu trong cc thanh ghi dch truyn ti a ra trn chn TX v xung ng h tng ng c a ra trn chn SCLK. K t truyn Trong mt b truyn USART, d liu dch ra t nht l bit c ngha u tin trn chn TX. Trong ch ny, cc thanh ghi USART_DR bao gm mt b m (TDR) gia bus ni b v thanh ghi truyn. Mi k t c u tin bi mt bit Start c mc logic thp trong chu k bit. Cc k t c kt thc bng cu hnh ca cc bit Stop. Lu : 1: Cc bit TE khng nn c reset trong qu trnh truyn d liu. Reset cc bit TE trong khi truyn dn s b hng d liu trn cc chn TX cng nh cc nh b m tc baud. Cc d liu hin ti ang c truyn i s b mt. 2: Mt khung ri s c gi sau khi bit TE c kch hot. Cu hnh bit Stop
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S bit Stop c truyn i vi mi k t c th c lp trnh trong thanh ghi iu khin 2, bit 13,12. 1. 1 bit Stop: y l gi tr mc nh ca s bit Stop. 2. 2 bit Stop: H tr cho USART thng thng, ch single-wire v modem. 3. 0.5 bit Stop: c s dng khi nhn c d liu trong ch SmartCard. 4. 1.5 bit Stop: c s dng khi truyn d liu trong ch SmartCard.

Hnh 45.Cu hnh cc bit Stop Cc th tc pht ca USART: 1. Bt USART bng cch ghi bit UE trong thanh ghi USART_CR1 ln 1. 2. Lp trnh bit M trong USART_CR1 xc nh di t. 3. Lp trnh s bit Stop thanh ghi USART_CR2. 4. Chn DMA cho php (DMAT) trong USART_CR3 nu b m a truyn thng cn trng. Cu hnh thanh ghi DMA nh c gii thch trong giao tip multibuffer. 5. Thit lp cc bit TE USART_CR1 gi mt khung ri vi ln truyn u tin. 6. Chn tc truyn mong mun bng cch s dng thanh ghi USART_BRR. 7. Ghi d liu gi vo thanh ghi USART_DR (iu ny s xa sch cc bit TXE). Lp li cho mi d liu c truyn i trong trng hp c mt b m duy nht. Receiver
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Cc USART c th nhn c word d liu 8 hay 9 bit ty thuc vo cc bit M trong thanh ghi USART_CR1. Pht hin bit Start Trong USART, cc bit Start c pht hin khi mt trnh t c th ca mu c cng nhn. Trnh t ny l: 1 1 1 0 X 0 X 0X 0X 0 X 0X 0

Hnh 46.Pht hin bit Start Lu : Nu trnh t ny khng hon chnh, cc bit Start pht hin hy b v b nhn tr v trng thi ri (c khng c set) ch cnh xung. Nu ch c 2 trong 3 bit mc 0 (ly mu bit th 3, 5 v 7 hoc ly mu vo bit th 8, 9 v 10), cc bit Start c xc nhn nhng bit c nhiu NE c set. Cc bit Start c xc nhn nu 3 mu cui cng l mc 0 (ly mu bit th 8, 9, v 10 bit). K t tip nhn Trong mt b nhn USART, d liu dch t nht l bit u tin c ngha qua chn RX. Trong ch ny, thanh ghi USART_DR bao gm mt b m (RDR) gia bus ni b v thanh ghi dch nhn. Cc th tc nhn ca USART: 1. Bt USART bng cch ghi bit UE trong thanh ghi USART_CR1ln 1. 2. Lp trnh bit M trong USART_CR1 xc nh di t. 3. Lp trnh s bit Stop USART_CR2. 4. Chn DMA cho php (DMAR) trong USART_CR3 nu b m a truyn thng cn trng. Cu hnh thanh ghi DMA nh c gii thch trong giao tip multibuffer.
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5. Chn tc truyn mong mun bng cch s dng thanh ghi tc baud USART_BRR. 6. Thit lp bit RE trong thanh ghi USART_CR1. Cho php b nhn bt u tm kim mt bit Start. 5.3.3 KHI MAX232 Chc nng ca khi l khi m h tr giao tip gia my tnh v kit. Lm tng thch tn hiu t my tnh gi xung vi iu khin v ngc li. S mch nguyn l khi MAX232:

Hnh 47.S mch nguyn l khi MAX232 Thng s ca IC MAX232: + Hot ng vi ngun n 5V v t ha c in dung 1.0-F. + Tc truyn d liu ti a 120kbit/s + C hai trnh iu khin v nhn d liu + p ng vo ti a 30V + Dng ngun thp loi 8mA

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Hnh 48.S chn ca IC MAX232 MAX232 l mt trnh iu khin/thu kp bao gm mt ngun p kiu in dung cung cp TIA/EIA-232-F mc in p t mt ngun cung cp 5V duy nht. Mi b nhn chuyn i TIA/EIA-232-F ng vo thnh mc in p 5V theo TTL/CMOS. Nhng b nhn c mt p gii hn in hnh l 1.3 V, mt tr in hnh l 0.5 V, v c th chp nhn 30V u vo. Mi trnh iu khin chuyn i mc in p TTL/ CMOS u vo thnh mc in p TIA/EIA-232-F. 5.3.4 KHI NGUN 5V S DNG IC 7805 Chc nng ca khi l to ra ngun p DC n nh, cung cp in p 5VDC cho KIT, c th l cung cp p 5V cho khi MAX232 v cho khi to ngun 3.3V s dng IC1117.

Hnh 49.S mch nguyn l ngun 5V Thng s ca IC 7805: +p ng ra vt qu 1A. +Khng cn linh kin h tr bn ngoi. +Dng ngn mch ni gii hn. +Bo v nhit ni qu ti. +in p ng ra cung cp dung sai khon 4%.

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Hnh 50.S chn IC 7805 . 5.3.5 KHI NGUN 3.3V S DNG IC 1117 Chc nng ca khi l ngun cung cp in p 3.3V cho chip ARM. Khi c th ly in p ng vo t khi ngun 5V hoc c th ly ngun trc tip t cng USB kt ni vi my tnh.

Hnh 51.Khi ngun 3.3V s dng IC 1117 Thng s ca IC 1117: M t: Dng LM1117 iu chnh c p dng v b iu chnh c nh c thit k cung cp ngun 1A vi hiu qu cao. Tt c cc mch ni b c thit k tc ng gim xung 1.3V sai lch u vo so vi u ra. B tinh chnh in p tham chiu n 1%. Tnh nng: + Ng ra c th iu chnh hoc c nh. + Dng in ng ra 1A. + st thp, ti a 1.3V vi dng ng ra 1A. + n nh mch 0.04%. + n nh ti 0.2%. + Gii hn nhit 100%. + in p p ng nhanh.
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ng dng: + n nh tuyn tnh hiu qu cao. + n nh cho b chuyn mch cung cp + iu chnh ngun. 5.4 KHI GSM MODULE SIM300CZ 5.4.1 S KHI
Thit b KIT ARM PC
MAX 232
USART 5V I/O

MODEM SIM300CZ
3.7V

SIM CARD

NGUN P

Hnh 52.S khi tng quan ca module GSM 5.4.2 KHI MODULE SIM300CZ 5.4.2.1 Tng qut v sn phm Thit k cho th trng ton cu, SIM300C l mt c cu 3 bng tn GSM/GPRS hot ng trn tn s ca EGSM 900 MHz, 1800 MHz v DCS PCS 1900 MHz. SIM300C c tnh nng GPRS multi-slot class10/class8 (ty chn) kh nng v h tr khi m ha GPRS CS-1, CS-2, CS-3 v CS-4. Vi mt kch thc rt nh 50mm x 33mm x 6.2mm, SIM300C c th ph hp vi hu nh tt c cc yu cu v khng gian trong cc ng dng cng nghip, chng hn nh M2M, v d liu h thng thng tin lin lc in thoi di ng .v.v. Vi cc mch tch hp np bn trong SIM300C, rt thch hp cho cc ng dng nng lng pin. Cc giao tip vt l cho cc ng dng di ng c thc hin thng qua mt u ni 60 chn DIP, cung cp tt c cc giao tip phn cng gia cc module v board mch ca khch hng tr giao din ng-ten RF. Bn phm v giao din hin th SPI s cung cp cho bn s linh hot pht trin cc ng dng ty bin. Cng Serial v cng Debug c th gip bn d dng pht trin ng dng ca bn.
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Hai knh m thanh bao gm hai u vo micro v hai u ra loa. iu ny c th d dng cu hnh bng lnh AT. Giao din np. SIM300C cung cp giao tip ng-ten RF vi hai la chn: u ni ng ten v pad ng-ten. u ni ng ten l Murata MM9329-2700. V ng-ten ca khch hng c th c hn vo cc pad ng-ten. Cc SIM300C c thit k vi k thut tit kim nng lng: dng in tiu th thp nht l 2.5mA trong ch SLEEP. Cc SIM300C c tch hp vi giao thc TCP/IP, m rng lnh AT qua cho thc TCP/IP c pht trin cho khch hng s dng giao thc TCP / IP d dng, rt hu ch cho nhng ng dng truyn d liu. 5.4.2.2Tnh nng ch cht SIM300C Bng 10: Tnh nng ch cht SIM300CZ Tnh nng Ngun cung cp Tit kim in Thc hin Single cung cp in p 3.4V - 4.5V in hnh tiu th in nng ch SLEEP 2.5mA(BSPA-MFRMS = 5) SIM300C Vi 3 bng tn: 900 EGSM, 1800 DCS, PCS 1900. Cc SIM300C c th t ng tm kim cc bng tn. Cc bng tn cng c th c thit lp bng lnh AT. D tng thch vi GSM Phase 2/2+ Smal MS Class 4 (2W) cho EGSM900 Class 1 (1W) cho DCS1800 v PCS 1900 GPRS multi-slot class 10 (mc nh) GPRS multi-slot class 8 (ty chn) GPRS trm di ng Class B Hot ng bnh thng: -30 C n 70 C Hot ng hn ch: -35 C n -30 C v 70 C n 80 C Nhit bo qun -45 C n 85 C GPRS chuyn d liu hng xung: ti a 85,6 kbps GPRS chuyn d liu hng ln: ti a 42,8 kbps M chng trnh: CS-1, CS-2, CS-3 v CS-4 SIM300C h tr cc giao thc PAP (Password

Di tn s

GSM Class Truyn ti in nng

Kt ni GPRS

Nhit

D LIU GPRS:

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Authentication Protocol) thng c s dng cho cc kt ni PPP. SIM300C tch hp giao thc TCP / IP. H tr chuyn mch gi Broadcast Channel Control (PBCCH) CSD truyn t l: 2,4, 4,8, 9,6, 14,4 kbps, khng minh bch Khng c cu trc b sung cc dch v d liu (USSD) h tr

SMS FAX SIM giao din ng-ten bn ngoi

MT, MO, CB, vn bn v ch PDU SMS lu tr: th SIM Group 3 class 1 H tr th SIM: 1.8V, 3V Kt ni thng qua tr 50 Ohm ni ng ten hoc ng-ten pad Bi pht biu codec ch : Tc mt na (ETS 06.20) Tc y (ETS 06.10) Tc y tng cng(ETS 06,50/06,60/06,80) Trit ch phn hi (Echo).

Tnh nng m thanh

Serial Port: By ng trn giao tip Serial Port. Serial Port c th c s dng cho CSD FAX, dch v GPRS v gi lnh AT iu khin m-un. Serial Port c th s dng chc nng ghp knh Giao tip Serial v Autobauding h tr tc baud t 1200 bps n giao tip Debug 115200bps. Debug Port: Hai ng trn giao tip Serial Port l TXD v RXD Debug Port ch c s dng g ri Qun l danh b H tr danh b in thoi cc loi: SM, FD, LD, RC, ON, MC.

B cng c ng dng H tr SAT lp 3, GSM Release 99 11,14 SIM ng h thi gian thc Thc thi Chc nng hn gi c im vt l Lp trnh thng qua AT lnh Kch thc: 50 0,15 x 33 0,15 x7.7 0.3mm (bao gm c kt ni ng dng); 50 0,15 x 33 0,15 x 6,2 0.3mm (khng bao gm ng dng kt ni)

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Trng lng: 13.8g 5.4.2.3 Giao din ng dng SIM 300C c trang b vi mt kt ni 60-pin DIP; 1.27mm kt ni n cc nn tng ng dng di ng. Giao din DIP trong kt ni ny s c m t chi tit sau y.

Hnh 53.Kch thc k thut ca module SIM300CZ (n v o: mm)

Hnh 54.V tr chn kt ni DIP ca module SIM300CZ

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Bng 11: Chc nng chn ca module SIM300CZ STT Tn Chn Chn 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 VBAT VBAT VBAT VBAT VBAT VCHG TEMP_BAT VDD_EXT PWRKEY STATUS GPIO0 BUZZER SIM_VDD SIM_RST SIM_DATA I/O PWR PWR PWR PWR PWR Vin I O I O I/O O O O I/O STT Chn 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 Tn Chn GND GND GND GND GND ADC0 VRTC NETLIGHT KBC0 KBC1 KBC2 KBC3 KBC4 KBR0 KBR1 KBR2 KBR3 KBR4 DISP_CS I I/O O O O O O O I I I I I O I/O

SIM_CLK O SIM_PRESENSE I GPIO1 DCD DTR RXD TXD RTS CTS RI AGND SPK1P SPK1N SPK2P SPK2N I/O O I I O I O O O O O O

DISP_CLK O DISP_DATA I/O DISP_D/C O DISP_RST DGB_RXD DGB_TXD AGND MIC1P MIC2N MIC2P MIC2N O I O I I I I

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5.4.2.4 M t chn kt ni Bng 12: M t chn kt ni DIP Tn chn Power Supply VBAT I/O M t c im DC

5 chn VBAT ca kt ni DIP Vmin = 3.4V c dnh ring kt ni ngun Vmax=4.5V Vnorm= 4.0V p. Ngun p cung cp cho SIM300CZ phi l mt ngun n VBAT = 3.4V ... 4.5V. N phi c kh nng cung cp y dng trong mt truyn d liu m thng tng ln n 2A. C th trong 0.1ms ln n 3A trong mt s ln, hin 5 chn l in p u vo. Dng in ng vo cho RTC khi Vmax=2.0V pin khng c cung cp cho h Vmin=1.2V Vnorm=1.8V thng. Inorm= 20uA Dng in ng ra cho pin d phng khi pin chnh l hin hnh v pin d phng trng thi in p thp. Cung cp in p 2.93V cho Vmax=3.0V mch bn ngoi. Bng cch o Vmin=2.75V pin ny, ngi dng c th nh Vnorm=2.93V gi liu h thng in ON hoc Imax=60mA OFF. Khi in p thp, h thng tt ngun. Nu khng, h thng m ngun. in p ng vo cho cc mch Vmax=5.25V sc; lm cho h thng pht hin Vmin=1.1 * VBAT

VRTC

I/O

VDD_EXT

VCHG

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cc b sc. GND Power on or power off PWRKEY I Ni t

Vnorm=5.1V

in p ng vo cho cc phm VILmax=0.2*VBAT m ngun. PWRKEY mc in VIHmin=0.6*VBAT p thp cho ngi s dng m VImax=VBAT hoc tt ngun h thng. Ngi s dng nn gi cch nhn phm cho mt thi im khi in m hoc tt ngun h thng. Bi v h thng cn thi gian x l phn mm. Ng vo dng v m ca bng tn m thoi Ng vo ph tr dng v m ca bng tn m

Giao tip Audio MIC1P MIC1N MIC2P MIC2N I I

SPK1P SPK1N SPK1P SPK1N BUZZER AGND

O O O

Ng ra dng v m ca bng tn m thoi Ng ra ph tr dng v m ca bng tn m thoi Ng ra ca Buzzer Ni t

Cc ng ra v ng vo ni chung KBC0~KBC4 KBR0~KBR4 DISP_DATA DISP_CLK DISP_CS DISP_D/C DISP_RST NETLIGHT STATUS GPIO0
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O I I/O O O O O O O I/O

Bn phm ma trn

VILmin=0V VILmax=0.3 *VDD_EXT

Giao tip mn hnh

VIHmin=0.7*VDD_EXT VIHmax= VDD_EXT+0.3

n bo mng Bo trng thi lm vic Port ng ra ng vo chun

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GPIO1

I/O

VOHmin= VDD_EXT0.2 VOHmax= VDD_EXT

Giao tip ni tip DTR RXD TXD RTS CTS RI DCD I I O I O O O D liu u cui sn sng D liu nhn D liu pht Yu cu gi Xa gi Bo gi nhn Pht hin d liu truyn VILmin=0V VILmax=0.3*VDD_EXT VIHmin=0.7*VDD_EXT VIHmax= VDD_EXT+0.3 VOLmin=GND VOLmax=0.2V VOHmin= VDD_EXT0.2 VOHmax= VDD_EXT Giao tip th SIM SIM_VDD O in p cp cho SIM Cc in p c th c chn bng phn mm hoc 1.8V hoc 3V VILmin=0V VILmax=0.3*SIM_VDD VIHmin=0.7*SIM_VDD VIHmax= SIM_VDD+0.3 VOLmin=GND VOLmax=0.2V VOHmin= SIM_VDD0.2 VOHmax= SIM_VDD 5.4.2.5 Ngun cung cp Ngun cung cp in p ca SIM300CZ l t mt ngun in p duy nht VBAT = 3.4V ... 4.5V. Trong mt s trng hp, cc t sng bng n trong lc truyn d liu c th gy gim p khi dng tiu th tng ln n nh im in hnh
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SIM_DATA

I/O

Ng ra d liu SIM Xung clock SIM Nhn dng SIM Reset SIM

SIM_CLK O SIM_PRESENCE I SIM_RST O

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ca 2A c khi 3A. V vy, ngun cung cp in phi c kh nng cung cp dng ln n 2A. i vi cc u vo VBAT, khuyn co nn cho qua mt t in. ngh t in khong 100F. Mt s la chn chi ph thp hn l mt t in tantalum 100F ni song song vi mt t gm nh (0.1F n 1F). V cc t in nn t cng gn chn VBAT cng tt.

Hnh 55.Ni chn VBAT cho module Sim300CZ Hnh di y l in p VBAT gn sng giai on cng sut truyn ti ti a, cc iu kin kim tra l VBAT = 4.0V, VBAT ti a sn lng hin ti = 2A, CA = 100F tantali t (ESR = 0.7) v CB = 1F.

Hnh 56.in p VBAT trong qu trnh truyn 5.4.2.6 Tt / M SIM300CZ bt SIM300CZ bng iu khin chn PWRKEY xung mt mc in p thp trong khong thi gian.

Hnh 57.Thi gian m SIM300CZ

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Khi m ngun hon tt, SIM300C s gi m sau kt qu cho thy m-un sn sng hot ng, v chn STATUS s iu khin ln 2.8V v gi mc ny khi trong ch lm vic. Nu SIM300C c cu hnh mt t c nh tc truyn, n s gi mt m kt qu khng c yu cu (URC): RDY tt SIM300CZ ta tin hnh tng t nh lc m. Chn STATUS s gim p xung mc 0V. Vo m kt qu tr v l: NORMAL POWER DOWN 5.4.2.7 Giao tip ni tip SIM300C cung cp hai cng ni tip khng ng b khc nhau. Mt l cng ni tip v mt l cng g li. Cc module GSM c thit k nh mt DCE (Data Thit b truyn thng), theo kt ni DCE-DTE truyn thng (Data Terminal Equipment), module v khch hng (DTE) c kt ni thng qua cc tn hiu sau y. Autobauding h tr tc baud t 1200 bps cho 115200bps. Cng ni tip Port / TXD @ Khch hng s gi d liu n cc ng tn hiu RXD ca module Port / RXD @ Khch hng nhn d liu t cc ng tn hiu TXD ca module Cng sa li Port / TXD @ Khch hng s gi d liu n cc ng tn hiu DBG_RXD ca module Port / RXD @ Khch hng nhn d liu t cc ng tn hiu DBG_TXD ca module

Hnh 58.Kt ni giao tip ni tip

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Tnh nng cng giao tip ni tip h tr: By ng trn giao din Serial Port. Bao gm: ng d liu TXD v RXD, ng trng thi RTS v CTS, ng kim sot DTR, DCD v RI. Serial Port c th c s dng cho CSD FAX, dch v GPRS v gi lnh AT iu khin module. Ngoi ra Serial Port c th c s dng cho cc chc nng ghp knh. Serial Port h tr tc truyn thng nh sau: 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200 Default l 115200bps. Autobauding h tr t l truyn thng nh sau:1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600 v 115200bps. Autobauding GSM cho php ng c t ng pht hin tc truyn cu hnh trong ng dng my ch. Giao din ni tip ca c cu GSM Autobauding h tr cho cc mc truyn sau: 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200bps. iu ny cho php ta linh ng a c cu GSM vo hot ng m khng c vn g v tc baud ca ng dng my ch. Nng cp phn mm v giao tip ni tip Cc TXD, RXD v GND phi c kt ni vi cng IO khi ngi dng cn phi nng cp phn mm. Cc chn TXD, RXD nn c s dng nng cp phn mm. Chn PWRKEY c khuyn co kt ni vi u ni I/O. Ngi s dng cng c th thm mt cng tt gia PWRKEY v GND. PWRKEY nn c kt ni vi GND khi SIM300C l nng cp phn mm.

Hnh 59.Giao tip nng cp phn mm v giao tip

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5.4.2.8 Giao tip Audio Module ny cung cp hai knh u vo tng t, AIN1 v AIN2, c th s dng cho c micro v ng ng vo. Khuyn co nn s dng microphone giao tip ny. Mt trong hai knh thng c s dng vi mt microphone tch hp trong chic mt in thoi. Cc knh khc thng c s dng vi mt micro bn ngoi hoc nhp vo t ng dy bn ngoi. Cc module cu hnh tng t ng vo c xc nh theo thanh ghi thit lp kim sot v thnh lp bng cch s dng nhiu thnh tng t. i vi mi knh, c th s dng lnh AT + CMIC thit lp mc tng u vo ca microphone, s dng AT + ECHO thit lp cc thng s cho trit tiu phn hi. Ngoi ra, bn c th s dng lnh AT + SIDET thit lp mc ph m. Cu hnh giao tip Speaker

Hnh 60.Cu hnh giao tip Speaker

Hnh 61.Cu hnh giao tip Speaker vi b khuch i

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Cu hnh giao tip Microphone

Hnh 62.Cu hnh giao tip Microphone 5.4.2.9 Buzzer Chn s 23 trn kt ni DIP c th c s dng m ci bo cuc gi n. m lng ng ra ca chung c th c thit lp bi lnh "AT + CRSL". Mch tham kho cho buzzer c hin th nh hnh sau:

Hnh 63.Cu hnh Buzzer

5.4.2.10 Giao tip th SIM Bn c th s dng lnh AT c c thng tin trong th SIM. Giao din SIM h tr cc chc nng c im k thut GSM Phase 1 v cng h tr cc chc nng c im k thut ca GSM Phase 2 + mi cho SIM FAST 64 kbps (s dng cng vi mt b cng c ng dng SIM).
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C hai Th SIM 1.8V v 3.0V u c h tr. Giao din SIM c cung cp t mt b iu chnh ni b trong cc m-un c in p thng thng 3V. Tt c cc chn reset ng ra iu khin xung mc thp.

Hnh 64.Giao tip th SIM 5.4.2.11 n LED ch th tnh trng Mng Chn 16 trn kt ni DIP c th c s dng iu khin n LED bo tnh trng Mng. Trng thi n ca b KIT c th c m t nh sau: Bng 13: Trng thi n bo hiu Trng thi OFF 64ms On/ 800ms +50%Off 64ms On/ 3000ms +50%Off 64ms On/ 300ms +50% Off Tnh nng lm vic SIM300CZ SIM300CZ khng lm vic SIM300CZ khng tm thy mng SIM300CZ tm thy mng Truyn thng GPRS

Hnh 65.Mch kt ni LED bo NETLIGHT

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5.4.2.12 Cch thit lp lnh AT cho MODULE SIM300CZ 5.4.2.12.1 Thit lp cu hnh mc nh

Hnh 66.Thit lp cu hnh mc nh (1) ATZ<CR> Reset modem, kim tra modem hot ng bnh thng cha. Gi nhiu ln cho chc n, cho n khi nhn c chui ATZ<CR><CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> (2) ATE0<CR>
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Tt ch echo lnh. Chui tr v: ATE0<CR><CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> (3) AT+CLIP=1<CR> nh dng chui tr v khi nhn cuc gi. Thng thng, ch mc nh, khi c cuc gi n, chui tr v s c dng: <CR><LF>RING<CR><LF> Sau khi lnh AT+CLIP=1<CR> c thc thi, chui tr v s c dng: <CR><LF>RING<CR><LF> <CR><LF>+CLIP: "0975800171",129,"",,"",0<CR><LF> Chui tr v c cha thng tin v s in thoi gi n. Thng tin ny cho php xc nh vic c nn nhn cuc gi hay t chi cuc gi. Kt thc cc thao tc khi to cho qu trnh nhn cuc gi. Cc bc khi to tip theo lin quan n cc thao tc truyn nhn tin nhn. (4) AT&W<CR> Lu cu hnh ci t c thit lp bi cc lnh ATE0 v AT+CLIP vo b nh. (5) AT+CMGF=1<CR> Thit lp qu trnh truyn nhn tin nhn c thc hin ch text (mc nh l ch PDU). Chui tr v s c dng: <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> (6) AT+CNMI=0,2,0,0,0<CR> Thit lp ch thng bo cho TE khi MT nhn c tin nhn mi. Chui tr v s c dng: <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> Sau khi lnh trn c thit lp, tin nhn mi nhn c s c lu trong SIM, v MT khng truyn tr v TE bt c thng bo no. TE s c tin nhn c lu trong SIM trong trng hp cn thit. (7) AT+CSAS<CR> Lu cu hnh ci t c thit lp bi cc lnh AT+CMGF v AT+CNMI. Cc lnh trn l thit lp cu hnh cn thit nhn, gi tin nhn v cuc gi. Nu thit lp nhn d liu qua GPRS th ta thit lp tip cc lnh sau. Sau khi lu li th cc thng s trn tr thnh cu hnh mc nh. (Ko b mt d mt in) (8) AT+CIPMODE=0<CR> La chn phng thc giao tip vi modem iu khin qu trnh truyn nhn d liu bng GPRS. C hai phng thc: AT+CIPMODE=0: dng lnh AT.

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AT+CIPMODE=1: TE truyn nhn d liu trc tip vi mng GSM, modem ch ng vai tr l thit b trung chuyn d liu, m khng thc hin thm bt c thao tc no khc. Phng php dng lnh AT c la chn v tnh n gin, d iu khin, v cc thao tc vi d liu cc lp trn s c modem thc hin thay cho TE. (9) AT+CDNSORIP=0<CR> La chn phng thc nh a ch cho GPRS server. C hai phng thc: AT+CDNSORIP=0: nh da ch trc tip bng a ch IP ca GPRS server. AT+CDNSORIP=1: nh a ch gin tip thng qua tn min ca GPRS server. a ch IP ca GPRS server s c truy vn thng qua h thng tn min DNS (Domain Name Server). n gin v tng tc kt ni v gim ri ro, phng thc nh a ch trc tip bng a ch IP c la chn. (10) AT+CIPCSGP=1,m-wap,mms,mms<CR> Thit lp phng thc thc hin kt ni GPRS. C hai phng thc kt ni d liu: l kt ni thng qua h thng chuyn mch mch CSD (Circuit Switch Data) da trn ng truyn v tuyn ca mng GSM (tng t nh vic thc hin mt cuc gi data call) v phng php chuyn mch gi GPRS. CSD c li th v vng ph sng, nhng gi cc t (gi cc c tnh theo thi gian kt ni), tn bng thng v tuyn (chim trn knh truyn v tuyn). Phng thc kt ni bng GPRS tuy gp phi s hn ch v vng ph sng nhng li c c mi u th khc so vi CSD. cng l nguyn nhn GPRS c la chn trong phm vi ng dng ca h thng. Phng thc kt ni GPRS v cc tham s c thit lp tng ng vi cc tham s ca dch v GPRS ca nh cung cp dch v mng di ng GSM Mobi Fone ti Vit Nam. Cn thay i cc tham s ph hp, tng ng vi mng di ng c la chn: Mng GPRS ca Mobi Fone: AT+CIPCSGP=1,m-wap,mms,mms<CR> Mng GPRS ca Viettel Mobile: AT+CIPCSGP=1,v-internet,,<CR> (11) AT+CIPHEAD=1<CR> Thm phn header +IPDx: (x l s byte d liu nhn c) vo pha trc phn d liu nhn c. (12) AT+CIPSPRT=1<CR> Thit lp nh dng cho qu tr.nh truyn d liu bng lnh AT+CIPSEND. (13) AT+CIPSRIP=1<CR> Thit lp nh dng phn header ca d liu nhn c. (14) AT+CIPSCONT<CR>
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Lu li cu h.nh thit lp dng cho qu tr.nh kt ni v truyn nhn d liu bng GPRS. Cc lnh trn ch cn c thc thi 1 ln, sau lu li v tr thnh cu hnh mc nh ca modem. Cu hnh mc nh ny khng thay i, k c khi mt ngun. Phn khi to ny khng lin quan n qu trnh hot ng sau ny ca modem. Do c th khi to ring trc khi a vo vn hnh trong h thng. 5.4.2.12.2 Gi tin nhn SMS 5.4.2.12.2.1 Khi to vng nh

Hnh 67.Khi to vng nh (1) AT+CMGD=1 Xa tin nhn vng nh 1 trong SIM. Chui tr v s c dng: <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> (2) AT+CMGD=2 Tc dng tng t nh lnh s 1. Lnh ny c dng xa tin nhn c lu trong ngn s 2. C th hnh dung b nh lu tin nhn trong SIM bao gm nhiu ngn (loi Super SIM ca Mobi phone c 50 ngn), mi ngn cho php lu ni dung ca 1 tin nhn (bao gm tt c cc loi tin nhn: tin nhn t tng i, tin nhn thng bo kt qu qu trnh gi tin nhn trc , tin nhn t thu bao khc, ). Mi ngn c i din bng mt s th t. Khi nhn c tin nhn mi, ni dung tin nhn s c lu trong mt ngn trng c s th t nh nht c th. Vic xa ni dung tin nhn hai ngn 1 v 2 cho php tin nhn nhn lun c lu vo trong hai nh ny, gip d dng xc nh v tr lu tin nhn va nhn c, v gip cho vic thao tc vi tin nhn mi nhn c tr nn d dng v n gin hn,
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gim kh nng vic tin nhn mi nhn c b tht lc mt vng nh no m ta khng kim sot c. Ngoi ra, khi b nh cha tin nhn y, MT s khng c php nhn thm tin nhn mi no na. Nhng tin nhn c gi n MT trong trng hp b nh cha tin nhn ca MT b y s c lu li trn tng i, v s c gi n MT sau khi b nh cha tin nhn ca MT c xut hin nhng ngn trng dng cha tin nhn. Vic xa ni dung tin nhn trong cc ngn 1 v 2 s gip m bo kh nng nhn thm tin nhn mi ca MT. 5.4.2.12.2.2 Nhn v c tin nhn

Hnh 68.Nhn v c tin nhn Mi thao tc lin quan n qu trnh nhn tin nhn u c thc hin trn 2 ngn 1 v 2 ca b nh nm trong SIM. (1) c tin nhn trong ngn 1 bng lnh AT+CMGR=1.
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(2A) Nu ngn 1 khng cha tin nhn, ch c chui sau c tr v: <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> (2B) Nu ngn 1 c cha tin nhn, ni dung tin nhn s c gi tr v TE vi nh dng nh sau: <CR><LF>+CMGR: "REC UNREAD","+84929047589",,"07/05/15,09:32:05+28" <CR><LF>NI DUNG<CR><LF> <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> Cc tham s trong chui tr v bao gm trng thi ca tin nhn (REC UNREAD), s in thoi gi tin nhn (+84929047589), thi gian gi tin nhn (07/05/15,09:32:05+28) v ni dung tin nhn. y l nh dng mc nh ca module SIM300 lc khi ng. dng m rng c th c thit lp bng cch s dng lnh AT+CSDH=1 trc khi thc hin c tin nhn. (3) Sau khi c, tin nhn c xa i bng lnh AT+CMGD=1. Thao tc tng t i vi tin nhn cha trong ngn th 2 trong cc bc 4, 5A (5B) v 6. 5.4.2.12.3 Gi tin nhn

Hnh 69.Gi tin nhn

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(1) Gi tin nhn n thu bao bng cch s dng lnh AT+CMGS=s in thoi. (2) Nu lnh (1) c thc hin thnh cng, chui tr v s c dng: <CR><LF>> (k t > v 1 khong trng). (3) Gi ni dung tin nhn v kt thc bng k t c m ASCII: <0x1A> (3A) Gi k t ESC (m ASCII l 27) nu khng mun tip tc gi tin nhn na. Khi TE s gi tr v chui <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF>. (4) Chui tr v thng bo kt qu qu trnh gi tin nhn. Chui tr v c nh dng nh sau: <CR><LF>+CMGS: 62<CR><LF> <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> Trong 62 l mt s tham chiu cho tin nhn c gi. Sau mi tin nhn c gi i, gi tr ca s tham chiu ny s tng ln 1 n v. S tham chiu ny c gi tr nm trong khong t 0 n 255. Thi gian gi mt tin nhn vo khong 2-3 giay (kim tra vi mng Viettel). (4A) Nu tnh trng sng khng cho php thc hin vic gi tin nhn (th bng cch tho antenna), hoc chc nng RF ca modem khng c cho php hot ng (do s dng cc lnh AT+CFUN=0 hoc AT+CFUN=4), hoc s tin nhn trong hng i pha tng i vt qua gii hn cho php, hoc b nh cha tin nhn ca MT nhn c tin nhn b trn, MT s gi thng bo li tr v v c nh dng nh sau: <CR><LF>+CMS ERROR: 193<CR><LF> <CR><LF>+CMS ERROR: 515<CR><LF>

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5.4.2.12.4 Thc hin cuc gi

Hnh 70.Thc hin cuc gi (1) ATDxxxxxxxxxx;<CR> Quay s cn gi. (2) Chui tr v c dng: <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF>. Chui ny thng bo lnh trn c nhn v ang c thc thi. Sau l nhng chui thng bo kt qu qu trnh kt ni (nu nh kt ni khng c thc hin thnh cng). (2A) Nu MT khng thc hin c kt ni do sng yu, hoc khng c sng (th bng cch tho antenna ca modem GSM), chui tr v s c dng: <CR><LF>NO DIAL TONE<CR><LF> (2B) Nu cuc gi b t chi bi ngi nhn cuc gi, hoc s my ang gi tm thi khng hot ng (chng hn nh b tt my) chui tr v c dng: <CR><LF>NO CARRIER<CR><LF> (2C) Nu cuc gi khng th thit lp c do my nhn cuc gi ang bn (v d nh ang thng thoi vi mt thu bao khc), chui tr v s c dng: <CR><LF>BUSY<CR><LF> (4s)

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Tng thi gian t lc modem nhn lnh cho n lc nhn c chui trn thng thng l 4 giy. (2D) Nu sau 1 pht m thu bao nhn cuc gi khng bt my, chui tr v s c dng: <CR><LF>NO ANSWER<CR><LF> (60s) (3) Trong trng hp qu trnh thit lp cuc gi din ra bnh thng, khng c chui thng bo no (2A, 2B, 2C hay 2D) c tr v, v chuyn sang giai on thng thoi. Qu trnh kt thc cuc gi c din ra trong hai trng hp: (4A) u nhn cuc gi gc my trc: chui tr v s c dng: <CR><LF>NO CARRIER<CR><LF> (4B) u thit lp cuc gi gc my trc: phi tin hnh gi lnh ATH<CR>, v chui tr v s c dng: <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> Ngoi cch quay s trc tip cn c th quay s in thoi lu sn trong b nh: ATDMEMXX;<CR> Vi MEM l tn b nh: "DC" ME danh sch cc cuc gi "FD" SIM quay s c nh, danh b "LD" SIM danh sch cc cuc gi "MC" ME danh sch cc cuc gi nh (cha tr li ) "ME" ME danh b "ON" SIM (hoc ME) danh sch s ring (MSISDNs) "RC" ME danh sch cc cuc gi nhn c "SM" SIM danh b XX: Gi tr nguyn ch v tr s in thoi c lu trong b nh MEM ATD<str><CR>; Vi str l chui k t trng vi mt chui l tn lu tng ng trong b nh. MT s tin hnh tm kim tt c cc b nh c tn trng vi str ATDL<CR> // Gi li s in thoi lin lc gn nht

Nu thnh cng th cuc gi c thc hin nh mc (1). Nu khng c s in thoi tng ng tr v: + CME ERROR: <err>

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5.4.2.12.5 Nhn cuc gi n

Hnh 71.Nhn cuc gi n (1) Sau khi c khi to bng lnh AT+CLIP=1, khi c cuc gi n, chui tr v s c dng: <CR><LF>RING<CR><LF> <CR><LF>+CLIP: "0929047589",129,"",,"",0<CR><LF> Chui tr v c hin th s in thoi yu cu c kt ni, da trn thng tin ny c th ra quyt nh nhn cuc gi hay t chi cuc gi. (2A) Nu s in thoi gi n khng hp l, t chi nhn cuc gi bng lnh ATH<CR>, v chui tr v s c dng: <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> Cuc gi kt thc. (2B) Nu s in thoi gi n l hp l, nhn cuc gi bng cch gi lnh ATA<CR>, v chui tr v s c dng: <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> (3) Giai on thng thoi. (4A) Kt thc cuc gi. u cn li gc my trc. (4B) Kt thc cuc gi, ch ng gc my bng cch gi lnh ATH<CR> m thi gian tr li cuc gi:
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AT+COLP=1<CR> Chc nng truyn nhn tin nhn v chc nng thoi c tch bit. Khi ang thng thoi vn c th truyn nhn c tin nhn. Khi truyn nhn tin nhn vn c th tin hnh thit lp v kt thc cuc gi. 5.4.2.12.6 Thit lp kt ni GPRS 5.4.2.12.6.1 Khi to vng nh Cc lnh sau khng c php lu vo b nh ca module nh mt cu hnh mc nh, v khng c gi nguyn cc thit lp khi module b mt ngun hoc b reset. Do cc lnh ny cn c thc thi mi khi module b reset.

Hnh 72.Khi to vng nh (1) AT+CMGD=1 Xa tin nhn vng nh 1 trong SIM. Chui tr v s c dng: <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> (2) AT+CMGD=2 Tc dng tng t nh lnh s 7. Lnh ny c dng xa tin nhn c lu trong ngn s 2. 3) AT+CGREG=1<CR> Lnh ny cho php modem gi cc thng bo trng thi kt ni GPRS v TE. Khi v tr ca modem thay i t vng ph sng GPRS sang vng cha ph sng GPRS, modem s gi v chui <CR><LF>+CGREG: 0<CR><LF> Trong trng hp modem ngoi vng ph sng GPRS mt thi gian lu, kt ni GPRS s b ngt, v modem gi v chui: <CR><LF>+PDP: DEACT<CR><LF>
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Ngc li, khi modem tr v vng ph sng GPRS, modem s gi v chui: <CR><LF>+CGREG: 1<CR><LF> Vic xc nh trng thi kt ni GPRS ti v tr hin ti ca modem cho php chuyn i linh hot hn phng thc truyn nhn d liu (v d nh chuyn sang truyn nhn bng SMS) gip bo m kt ni c lin tc. Trong trng hp cn kho st vng ph sng GPRS, c th khi to bng lnh: AT+CGREG=2<CR> Ngoi thng tin v trng thi sng GPRS, khi lnh trn c khi to, khi modem chuyn t cell ny sang cell khc, hoc t vng ph sng ny sang vng ph sng khc, chui tr v s c dng: <CR><LF>+CGREG:<stat>,<lac>,<ci><CR><LF> Ngoi thng tin v trng thi vng ph sng GPRS, cc thng tin khc nh Cell ID (<ci>) v vng ph sng (<lac>) cng c modem gi v, cho kt qu kho st chi tit hn. 5.4.2.12.6.2 Thit lp kt ni GPRS gia m un v GPRS TCP server

Hnh 73.Thit lp kt ni GPRS (1) AT+CIPSHUT<CR> Hy b kt cc ni trc , a trng thi kt ni ca module SIM300 v trng thi ban u (IP INITIAL). Nu lnh trn c thc hin thnh cng, chui tr v s c dng: <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> Trong trng hp module trc o trng thi IP INITIAL, chui tr v s c dng: <CR><LF>ERROR<CR><LF> (2) AT+CIPSTART=TCP,222.252.96.179,2505<CR> Thit lp kt ni vi GPRS server c a ch IP l222.252.96.179, port 2505 vi phng thc truyn nhn l TCP. Chui tr v s c dng:
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<CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> Nu kt ni c thc hin thnh cng, trong khong t 3 n 4 giy, module s gi v mt chui thng bo kt ni c thc hin thnh cng: <CR><LF>CONNECT OK<CR><LF> Nu sau khong thi gian trn m khng nhn c chui thng bo kt ni thnh cng, kt ni chc chn s khng thc hin c, cn xem li cc trng hp sau trc khi bt u khi to li kt ni t bc 1: Module ang trng thi PDP Deactiviated: do khng c d liu truyn i trn mt ng truyn c thit lp trong mt thi gian di (khong vi gi ng h), h thng mng s t ng hy kt ni v a module tr v trng thi PDP Deactiviated. Trong trng hp ny cn reset li module. (dng lnh AT+CFUN=0 v AT+CFUN=1) trc khi bt u thit lp kt ni. Chng trnh ng dng GPRS server cha c kch hot. Cc chng trnh bo mt chy trn my tnh ang chy ng dng GPRS server cha c tt i. 5.4.2.12.6.3 Truyn nhn gi d liu TCP gia m un v Server

Hnh 74.Truyn nhn gi d liu TCP (1) AT+CIPSEND=18<CR> Truyn mt gi d liu c s k t cn truyn i l 18. S k t ti a c th truyn trong mt gi l 160 k t. Nu s k t cn truyn ln hn 160 k t, module s t ng tch thnh hai hay nhiu gi d liu v truyn i. Khi nhn c lnh trn, module s tr v chui: <CR><LF>> nh dng ca chui tr v l > , nh dng ny c th thay i bng lnh khi to AT+CIPSPRT.

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Sau khi nhn c chui trn, d liu truyn i cn c a vo, module s t ng truyn gi d liu i sau khi nhn s k t cn truyn (khng cn k t kt thc chui). Thi gian truyn d liu khong 1 n 2 giy, ty theo s byte cn truyn. Nu qu trnh truyn d liu c thc hin thnh cng, chui tr v s c dng: <CR><LF>SEND OK<CR><LF> (2) <CR><LF>RECV FROM:222.252.96.179:2505<CR><LF> +IPD32:Socket 1 Already login 29N7890<CR> Cu trc mt chui d liu nhn c. nh dng ny c th thay i bng cc lnh khi to AT+CIPHEAD v AT+CIPSRIP. Chui d liu c gi n t a ch IP 222.252.96.179, port 2505 v c tng s byte d liu l 32(+IPD32) v cha ni dung: Socket 1 Already login 29N7890<CR><LF>. Lu l c thm 2 k t <CR> v <LF> c thm vo chui pha GPRS server trc khi GPRS server gi i. 5.4.2.12.6.4 Hy kt ni GPRS gia m un v server: Kt ni GPRS gia module SIM300 v GPRS server c th b ngt do: Module SIM300 ch ng hy kt ni. GPRS server ch ng hy kt ni. H thng mng GPRS ch ng ngt kt ni tip kim ti nguyn ca mng. Kt ni TCP yu cu s cht ch trong qu trnh lin kt v truyn nhn d liu, ng thi cc u cui phi nhn bit c trng thi kt ni. Khi kt ni b hy, trng thi ng truyn c th hin trn module SIM300 qua cc hiu ng sau:

Hnh 75.Hy b kt ni (1) v (2): module GPRS ch ng hy kt ni (nn dng lnh AT+CIPSHUT). Trong thc t ng dng, hai lnh ny c th xem l tng ng nhau. Lnh
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AT+CIPCLOSE a kt ni GPRS tr v trng thi STATE: IP CLOSE. Lnh AT+CIPSHUT a kt ni GPRS tr v trng thi STATE: IP INITIAL (tham kho lnh AT+CIPSTART bit thm chi tit. Khi mt trong hai lnh trn c thc thi, GPRS server cng s nhn bit c trng thi kt ni, v hy kt ni trn nhm tit kim ti nguyn ng truyn. (3) <CR><LF>CLOSED<CR><LF> Trng hp ny xy ra khi GPRS server hoc h thng mng GPRS ch ng hy kt ni. Module SIM300 s nhn bit c trng thi kt ni v gi thng bo trn v pha TE. C ba trng hp trn u c th s dng lnh AT+CIPSTART khi to li mt kt ni GPRS mi. 5.4.3 KHI NGUN Chc nng ca khi to ngun p 5V cho mch MAX232 v ngun p 3.7V cho mudule SIM300CZ. Mch s dng hai IC 7805 v IC 2576. Nh hnh bn di:

Hnh 76.S mch nguyn l mch ngun

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Thng s hot ng IC 2576

Hnh 77.IC LM2576 Tnh nng: + m bo dng ng ra nh im l 7A. + m bo dng ng ra n nh l 5A. + Ng ra iu chnh xung 1.2V. + m bo iu tit nhit . + Dng in gii hn khng i theo nhit . + P + Nng cao kim tra sn phm. + Ng ra c bo v ngn mch. ng dng + Ngun in iu chnh c. + iu chnh h s dng in. + Sc pin

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CHNG 6 KT LUN
6.1 SN PHM Kit iu khin c nhm thc hin ti thit k da trn chip ARM Cortex M3

Hnh 78.Layout Kit ARM

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Hnh 79.Kit iu khin - ARM Kit

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Kit giao tip mng GSM da trn module sim300CZ

Hnh 80.Layout Kit GSM Sim300CZ

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Hnh 81.Module Sim300CZ

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Phn mm giao tip iu khin c ci t trn cc h iu hnh windows mi nht ca Microsoft (Xem file nh km bit chi tit)

Hnh 82.Giao din iu khin ca phn mm SMSCK

6.2 KT NI V S DNG H THNG 6.2.1 S DNG H THNG IU KHIN THIT B a. iu khin bt tt thit b trc tip bng phn mm iu khin qua kt ni USB

Hnh 83.Giao tip iu khin ngoi vi qua cng USB

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M hnh ny cung cp gii php iu khin thit b trong phm vi nh xng. Cc thit b iu khin c kt ni n kit iu khin (ARM Kit). Kit iu khin phi c kt ni n my tnh chy phn mm iu khin SMS Controller Kit (SMSCK) thng qua kt ni USB. M hnh ny khng cn kt ni n module GSM Sim300CZ b. iu khin bt tt thit b gin tip bng phn mm iu khin qua kt ni Internet

Hnh 84.M hnh iu khin qua Socket M hnh ny tng t nh m hnh trn, tuy nhin cung cp kh nng iu thit b t xa qua kt ni internet. Ngi iu khin s dng my tnh c kt ni mng Internet v s dng phn mm iu khin iu khin thit b. M hnh u tin c s dng ng vai tr l mt server nhn cc lnh iu khin t xa gi n t ngi iu khin. Gii php cung cp kh nng iu khin khng gii hn v khong cch. Cc my tnh phi c cu hnh port Internet thng nht (Xem trong phn TCP/IP v cch NAT port). Vic iu khin c m bo tnh bo mt bng mt khu truy cp, gip cho vic iu khin tr nn an ton vi tin cy cao. c. iu khin bt tt thit b gin tip qua tin nhn SMS

Hnh 85.M hnh iu khin qua tin nhn SMS M hnh ny c s dng cho cc yu cu iu khin nh, dn dng. u im ca m hnh l tit kim nng lng do khng cn hot ng ca my tnh. Ph hp vi yu cu iu khin khng i hi tc cao.

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Yu cu iu khin c bo mt vi m truy cp, do trnh c kh nng truy cp tri php t bn ngoi, m bo cho vic iu khin c thc thi an ton v tin cy.

d. Cu hnh hot ng y s dng tt c cc chc nng ca h thng, nhm thc hin ti xin ngh cu hnh nh sau

Hnh 86.M hnh h thng y M hnh ny cung cp gii php iu khin ton din. Ngi iu khin c th s dng nhiu phng thc iu khin mt cch linh ng. M hnh cn cung cp kh nng lin lc di ng ph hp vi iu khin a ngi dng v lm tng kh nng gim st hot ng ca h thng.

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6.2.2 S DNG H THNG NH V I TNG

Hnh 87.M hnh h thng nh v i tng Cc ARM kit with GSM module hot ng kt ni n ng IP Packet Server ca phn mm iu khin SMSCK SERVER PC thng qua kt ni GPRS ca mng di ng. bit cc khai bo kt ni v hot ng gi ta nh v n server, xin xem file tr gip ca ng dng nh v ton cu IP Packet Server. Phn mm c kim tra v chy thc t vi chnh xc cao, sai s ta ph thuc vo thit b nh v ton cu GPS. Nhm thc hin ti ch xy dng phn mm nh v, vic thc hin gi thc t ta c tin hnh vi s h tr thit b nhm thc hin ti nh v qun l xe but ngnh C in T kha 06 Trng H S Phm K Thut TP.HCM.

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TI LIU THAM KHO

1. n iu khin thit b trong nh t xa bng tin nhn SMS. Trang 10-16 Phm Vn Nam 04101101 Nguyn Trng Kin 04101081 2. Tp lnh AT ca SIM508 dng cho SMS v Thu thp d liu qua GPRS. Nguyn Trung Chnh (File nh km) 3. Lp trnh giao tip COM t trang web: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/index-jsp-141752.html 4. Ti liu hng dn s dng datasheet ARM STM32F103 ti trang ch ca nh sn xut ST Electronics 5. Lp trnh Virtual Comport STM32F10x . Keil Example Keil uv4 cho ARM 6. Ti liu hng dn thit k phn cng Module Sim300CZ (file nh km) 7. Lp trnh KML nh v Google Earth ti trang web http://code.google.com/apis/maps/documentation/javascript/v2/reference.html 8. Lp trnh JAVA t nhiu ngun (File nh km)