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LI M U.
C s d liu l mt trong nhng ngnh c quan tm nhiu trong khoa hc my tnh, trong cng ngh thng tin. T khi c m hnh c s d liu u tin vo nhng nm 60 n nay tuy khng l chng ng di i vi cc ngnh khoa hc khc, nhng vi khoa hc my tnh v c bit vi c s d liu th l thi gian ng k. C s d liu tri qua nhiu th h ca h qun tr c s d liu, v c nhiu ng dng trong khoa hc v trong cc nghnh kinh t quc dn. Thi i thng tin ngy nay, bi ton c bn v ct yu l :Lm th no lu tr thng tin an ton v chc chn ng thi li truy cp chnh xc v d dng. Theo thi gian, yu cu ca bi ton ngy cng cao vi lng thng tin cn lu tr, x l ngy cng nhiu v a dng. H qun tr c s d liu Oracle l mt trong nhng gii php tt nht, c cng nhn trn th trng tin hc th gii hin nay. Oracle c nghin cu v pht trin, cho php ngi s dng khai thc trit tim nng ca h thng qun l c s d liu quan h mt cch u vit v mnh nht hin nay. Nhu cu tch ly v x l cc d liu ny sinh trong mi cng vic, trong mi hot ng ca con ngi. Mt c nhn hay mt t chc c th nhm c mt h thng x l d liu, d c ch hot ng ca n l th cng v cha t ng ho. Mt bi ton nh cng cn n d liu, nhng khng nht thit phi qun l cc d liu theo cc phng php khoa hc. Do kh nng tng hp ca ngi x l, cc d liu y c ly ra, c x l m khng vp phi kh khn no. Tuy nhin khi bi ton c kch thc ln hn v s lng d liu cn phi x l tng ln nhanh th e rng tm bao qut ca con ngi bnh thng kh c th qun l ht c! y l khng k n mt s loi d liu c bit; chng i hi c qun l tt khng phi v kch thc m v s phc tp ca bn thn chng t chc x l d liu mt cch khoa hc i hi con ngi s dng c s d liu. Chnh v th em chn h qun tr c s d liu Oracle xy dng h thng bn hng ti cng ty VINDA lm n tt nghip. Em xin chn thnh cm n n Tin s Nguyn Ngc Bnh ngi trc tip hng dn, ng vin em hon thnh n, to iu kin em thc hin n ng thi gian. Cm n cc anh ch trong cng ty VINDA tn tnh gip to iu kin n c hon thnh. V thi gian c hn n chc cn nhiu thiu xt, knh mong qu thy c, cc bn ng gp kin n hon thin hn. Thnh ph H Ch Minh, 21-5-2003 SVTH: Hu B

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PHN MT
Chng I. C S L THUYT ............................................................ 2 I. Lch s ORACLE ..................................................................................... 2 II. C s d liu ORACLE trong kin trc CLIENT/SERVER .................... 4 III. H qun tr C s d liu Quan h ORACLE8 SERVER ....................... 4 IV. Cc sn phm kt ni mng ....................................................................5 V. Cc cng c pht trin CLIENT/SERVER............................................... 5 Chng II: CU TRC ORACLE ........................................................ 7 II.1 Lp vt l ca ORACLE .......................................................................7 II.2 Cu trc b nh v cc qu trnh ........................................................... 11 II.3 Transaction, Commit, Rollback ............................................................ 13 II.4 Cc tc v khi to v chm dt ........................................................... 13 II.5 Bo mt c s d liu ........................................................................... 14 Chng III. ORACLE V M HNH MNG. I. Tng quan v Net8 ................................................................................... 20 II. Cc khi nim v kin trc mng ca Oracle .......................................... 21 III. Kin trc ca Net8................................................................................. 21 IV. Mi trng mng .................................................................................. 21 Chng IV. ORACLE V CU HNH MNG I. Service v nhng chc nng phc v ca Oracle......................................24 II. Tng quan v cc cu hnh kt ni ca Oracle ........................................ 24 III. Net8 v nn giao tip mng trong sut................................................... 25 IV. Cc tng giao tip.................................................................................. 25 Chng V. NGN NG PL/SQL I. Tng quan v PL/QL ............................................................................... 31 II. Cu trc chng trnh PL/SQL ............................................................... 31 Chng VI. PHNG PHP LUN PHN TCH THIT K H THNG I. Phng php phn tch h thng v chc nng ......................................... 34 II. Phng php phn tch h thng v d liu............................................. 36 III. Phng php thit k h thng .............................................................. 37 CHNG VII. GII THIU ORACLE DEVELOPER 6.0 I. FORM BUIDER ..................................................................................... 37 II. REPORT BUIDER ................................................................................. 39 III. GRAPHICS BUIDER ........................................................................... 39 IV. QUERY BUIDER ................................................................................. 40 V. SCHEMA BUIDER ............................................................................... 41

PHN HAI
I. Kho st hin trng .................................................................................. 42 II. Phn tch h thng .................................................................................. 44 II.1 Phn tch h thng v chc nng ........................................................... 44 II.2 Phn tch h thng v d liu ................................................................ 61 II.3 Thit k h thng .................................................................................. 67 III. Kt lun hng pht trin n............................................................. 83 Ti liu tham kho SVTH: Hu B Trang 2

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PHN MT
Chng I:C S L THUYT I. LCH S ORACLE. Vo nm 1977, Larry Ellison, Bob Miner, v Ed Oates thnh lp mt cng ty v t tn l Relation Software Incorporated(RSI). Cng ty ny xy dng mt h qun tr c s d liu gi l Oracle. Ellison, Miner v Oates quyt nh pht trin h ny bng C v giao tip SQL. Ngay sau mt thi gian ngn, h a ra phin bn mt nh mt nguyn mu. Nm 1979, RSI phn phi sn phm u tin cho khch hng: h qun tr c s d liu Oracle phin bn 2, lm vic trn Digital PDP-11 chy h iu hnh RSX-11 v ngay sau chuyn sang h thng DEC VAX. Nm 1983 phin bn 3 c gii thiu vi nhng thay i trong ngn ng SQL. Khng nh cc phin bn trc y , phin bn 3 c vit ton b bng C. Vo thi im ny , RSI c i tn thnh Oracle Corporation. Phin bn 4 c pht hnh vo nm 1984. Phin bn 5 c gii thiu vo nm 1985, l mc lch s v n a cng ngh Client/ Server vo th trng vi vic s dng SQL*Net. Nm 1988, Oracle a ra phin bn 6, gii thiu vic kho mc thp. Oracle 7 c pht hnh nm 1992 bao gm nhiu thay i kin trc v b nh, CPU v tin ch xut /nhp. Nm 1997 Oracle gii thiu Oracle8, thm phn m rng i tng cng nh nhiu tnh nng v cng c qun tr mi c bit Oracle 8i phin bn h tr nhiu tnh nng mi v c bit l cc ng dng c s d liu Internet. I.1. ORACLE V CNG NGH CLIENT/ SERVER. Oracle Corporation tr thnh mt cng ty c s d liu ni ting nh to ra mt h thng qun tr c s d liu quan h kiu Server vi hiu sut cao v y chc nng .Oracle vt qua tm vc ca mt cng ty c s d liu khi b sung h qun tr c s d liu quan h kiu Server ca n nhng sn phm tch hp cao c thit k c bit cho cc ng dng x l d liu phn tn v cng ngh Client/ Server. II.C S D LIU ORACLE TRONG KIN TRC CLIENT/SERVER. Oracle Corporation tr thnh ngi dn u khi a ra cng ngh Client/Server tin tin, nh hng pht trin sn phm c trng theo hng h tr thit k, ci t v qun l cc h thng c s d liu Client/Server. Orcale thit k cc sn phm theo mt trong ba thnh phn ch yu ca kin trc Client/Server: Mt h c s d liu quan h server hiu sut cao, tnh nng, thch ng cho cc chng loi, t cc my tnh xch tay( laptop, notebook) cho n cc my mainframe. S pht trin client v cc sn phm run-time h tr nhiu mi trng GUI Cc phn trung gian kt ni c s d liu cung cp s giao tip bo mt v hiu qu trn nhiu lai hnh giao thc mng. Cc sn phm Oracle c tnh thch ng cao, cung cp cc gii php Client/Server trn vn cho cho cc mi trng ng dng t cc nhm lm vic nh n cc mi trng cng ty SVTH: Hu B Trang 3

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III. H QUN TR C S D LIU QUAN H ORACLE 8 SERVER. Ngn ng PL/SQL: Mt thnh phn chnh ca Oracle8 Server l engine x l PL/SQL. PL/SQL l ngn ng th h th t ca Oracle, kt hp cc nguyn t ngn ng th tc c cu trc vi SQL. PL/SQL c thit k c th x l client/server, trong n cho php mt khi chng trnh PL/SQL cha logic ng dng nh cc lnh SQL trnh n Server vi mt yu cu n. Khi s dng PL/SQL c th gim mt cch ng k khi lng x l yu cu bi phn Client ca ng dng v s lu chuyn trn mng thc hin phn logic. Cc Stored procedure: Vic x dng cc stored procedure tng ng k hiu qu ca h thng Client/Server v cc l do sau: Gi mt stored procedure t mt ng dng Client gim ng k mt lu thng trn mng. Cc stored procedure cung cp mt c ch bo mt hiu qu v tin li. C hai dng text v bin dch ca cc stored procedure u nm trong c s d liu. Do dng bin dch ca th tc c sn v sn sng thc hin, nhu cu phn tch c php v bin dch PL/SQL lc thi hnh c gim nh. Database trigger: Cc trigger c s d liu ging nh cc stored procedure ch chng l cc khi PL/SQL thng tr trong c s d liu. Tnh ton vn c th khai bo Khi ta nh ngha mt bng trong Oracle, cc rng buc ton vn nh l mt phn ca nh ngha bng. Cc rng buc c h tr bi Server khi mt bn ghi c chn, sa i hay xo. Tnh ton vn c h tr bi Server lm s m yu cu kim tra bn client v cng tng sc mnh ca m hnh giao dch c nh ngha bn trong c s d liu. Cc User-defined function: Cc user- defined function cng tng t cc stored procedure. IV. CC SN PHM KT NI MNG. Net8: L mt phn mm kt ni c s d liu dng cung cp cc thng tin c s d liu xc thc, ti u trn mi th tc mng thng dng. Oracle Names: To cc lin kt c s d liu cha cc thng tin nt mng trn mt mng bng cch s dng t in ton cc chung Oracle Names. Multi- protocol Interchange: cung cp mt nhu cu giao tip trn cc th tc khc bit bng cch gi thng ip SQL* Net t th tc ny sang th tc khc. Oracle Network Manager: Qun l cu hnh v qun l mng c s d liu phn tn c thc hin d dng vi Network Manager. Network Manager c s dng khng ch qun l t in Oracle Names m cn to ra cc file cu hnh cho cc thnh phn Client/Server ca SQL*Net v nh ngha cho cc ng kt ni cho cc nt Multi-Protocol Interchange.

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V. CC CNG C PHT TRIN CLIENT/SERVER. 1. Cc h Server: Oracle Unisersal Server c cc thnh phn ty chn: Distributed Option:(Ty chn phn tn) cho php mt s c s d liu Oracle trn cc my tnh khc nhau hot ng nh mt c s d liu logic n. Replication Option(Ty chn sao lu): cho php mt c s d liu Oracle sao chp s thay i ln mt c s d liu khc. Context Option(Ty chn ng cnh): m rng kh nng cho php ngi dng tm ni dung ca mt c s d liu Oracle theo cc t kha v cc ch nht nh. Spatial Data Option(Ty chn khng gian d liu) cho php mt nh thit k la chn to ra cc ch mc c bit h tr cc query tm thi, khng gian tinh vi v cc query khc. Oracle Workgroup Server: c thit k cho cc nhm lm vic, c cc bn cho Netware, Window NT, SCO UNIX v Unix Ware. Oracle Workgroup Server l mt gii php c tnh bo tr nh c kinh t h tr cc nhm nh ngi dng. Persernal Oracle: L phin bn chy trn Windows engine ca c s d liu Oracle c cc chc nng nh Oracle Universal Oracle v Oracle Workgroup Server. Designer 2000: pht trin cc ng dng Oracle. Developer/2000, Develper 6.0, Jdeveloper for Oracle 8i: Cc b Developer ny gm Oracle form, Report, Graphics, v Oracle Procedure Builder c tch hp vo mi trng pht trin Power Object: cung cp mi trng pht trin ng dng nhanh vi cc c trng ko th v qun l cc ton tc c s d liu t ng. 2.CC NG DNG 2.1 Cc ng dng Oracle truyn thng Ti chnh. Nhn s. Qun l d n. Bn hng. SVTH: Hu B Trang 5

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Sn xut. Cc ng dng OnLine Analytical Processing( OLAP). Cc ng dng OLAP cung cp mt giao din ho cho cc ng dng kho d liu nh. Nhng cng c ny a ra m hnh a chiu cho c s d liu, cung cp cc tc v thit k, d bo v thng k. 3. CC HNG PHT TRIN CA ORACLE. Khch/ch khng dy:Cng ngh ny lm vic trn cc mng nh, c bit thch hp vi ngi s dng laptop v palmtop. Mt dng hi tin tin khc ca cng ngh khch /ch l Oracle Mobile Agents, s dng kin trc clien-agent-server cho php mt client lm vic offline v kt ni nh k vi mng gi yu cu v nhn kt qu t server. Thnh phn agent ca kin trc ny hot ng thay cho client khi n vng mt trn mng.

Giao din Internet/ World Wide Web: Web interface Kit ca Oracle c dng tch hp cc server World Wide Web vi c s d liu Oracle8. Multimedia Server: Khi cc ng dng s dng nhiu kiu d liu khc nhau, c bit l d liu multimedia, cng ngh server c s d liu cng ci thin qun l chng.

CHNG II.

CU TRC CA ORACLE.

II.1 LP VT L CA ORACLE. 1. Lp vt l ca Oracle bao gm: cc tp tin d liu(data file), cc tp tin iu khin( control file) v cc tp tin phc hi( redo log file). Tp tin d liu: lu tr thng tin cha trong c s d liu. Ph thuc vo kch thc, cc bng v cc i tng khc c th nm trn mt hay nhiu

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tp tin. Cc tp tin d liu c kch thc c nh v khng bao gi t pht trin ln hn kch thc ban u to ra. Mi c s d liu cn c t nht mt tp tin iu khin cc tp tin ny ghi tn ca c s d liu,v tr ca tp tin d liu, tp tin iu khin v thng tin ng b m bo rng chng lun hot ng n khp vi nhau. Cc tp tin iu khin cn c bo v. Cc tp tin phc hi lu gi thng tin phc hi trong trng hp h thng c s c. Cc tp tin ny ghi li ton b thay i ca c s d liu, cc tp tin phc hi c kch thc c nh. 2. Lp Logic ca Oracle gm: Mt hay nhiu khng gian bng(tablespace). Cc khung c s d liu (database schema) bao gm nhiu i tng Oracle nh:table, cluster, index, view, stored procedure, database trigger, sequence, Mi khung thuc v ti khon ngi dng gi tt l user, c xc nh bi mt tn ngi dng v mt mt khu(password) duy nht i vi c s d liu. Sau khi ng nhp vo c s d liu bng username v password hp l, ta c th truy xut cc bng cng nh cc i tng ca Oracle trong mt khung thuc ti khon ngi dng va ng nhp. Cc bng c cng tn ti trn hai ti khon ngi dng khc nhau ca Oracle trong cng mt c s d liu vt l. i lc, trn mt c s d liu c th tn ti nhiu phin bn khc nhau ca cc bng trong cc ti khon khc nhau ngi pht trin c th th nghim h thng. Thng thng, ngi ta hay xem ti khon ngi dng Oracle nh mt c s d liu, nhng iu ny khng ng hon ton. Ta c th s dng hai ti khon ngi dng gi d liu cho hai h ng dng khc nhau; ta s c hai c s d liu logic c ci t trn cng c s d liu vt l s dng hai ti khon ngi dng Oracle. 3. SCHEMA c s d liu. Tng quan v cc i tng ca Schema: Mt schema kt hp vi mt user c s d liu. Mt schema l mt tp cc i tng schema sau:table,view,sequence,synonym,index,cluster,database link,snapshot ,store procedure, function, triger, package. Cc i tng schema l cu trc lu tr d liu logic. Cc i tng schema khng c mi tng ng mt-mt vi cc tp tin trn a lu tr thng tin ca n.Tuy nhin, Oracle lu mt i tng schema trong mt khng gian bng ca c s d liu v mt logic. D liu ca mi i tng c lu tr vt l bn trong mt hay nhiu tp tin ca khng gian bng. i vi mt i tng nh: table, index, v cluster ta c th ch nh lng khng gian a Oracle nh v cho i tng bn trong tp tin d liu ca khng gian bng. 3.1 Table Table l n v lu tr d liu trong Oracle. D liu c lu trong cc hng v cc ct. Ta nh ngha mt table vi mt tn bng v mt tp cc ct. Ta gn cho mi ct mt tn ct, mt kiu d liu mt chiu di hay chnh xc v scale. Mt hng l mt tp cc thng tin ct tng ng vi mt bn ghi n.

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Ta c th nh ngha tu cc quy tc c th cho mi ct trong bng. Nhng quy tc ny gi l cc rng buc ton vn. 3.2 View Mt view l s hin th d liu cha trong mt hay nhiu bng. Mt view ly kt xut ca mt query v x l n nh mt bng. V vy mt view c th xem nh l bng o. Ta c th s dng view hu nh mi ch c th s dng bng. 3.3. B sinh m tun t. B sinh m tun t cung cp mt chui s tun t. B sinh m tun t c bit hu ch trong mi trng nhiu ngi dng to ra nhng s tun t duy nht m khng phi tn cng truy xut I/O a hay kho chuyn tc.V vy, s gim s chui ho m cc lnh ca hai chuyn tc cn phi thc hin to ra cc s tun t ng thi. Nh , b sinh m tun t ci thin nng sut chuyn tc v gim ng k thi gian ch i ca mt user. Cc sequence l cc s nguyn Oracle c 38 ch s c nh ngha trong c s d liu. Mt nh ngha sequence s nh hng thng tin tng qut: tn sequence, tng ln hay gim xung, bc nhy gia cc s, v cc thng tin khc. Mt phn quan trng trong ca mt nh ngha sequence l Oracle c tr trong b nh mt tp cc sequence to ra hay khng. Oracle lu tr nh ngha tt c cc sequence ca mt c s d liu ring bit nh l cc hng ca mt bng t in d liu trong khng gian bng System. V vy tt c cc nh ngha sequence lun c sn v khng gian bng System lun m sn. Cc s sequence c s dng bi cc lnh SQL tham chiu sequence. Ta c th pht ra mt lnh to mt s sequence mi hay s dng mt s sequence hin hnh. Khi mt lnh trong mt phin lm vic ca user to ra mt s sequence c th ch c sn cho session ; mi user tham chiu m mt sequence hin hnh ca mnh. Cc s sequence c to ra c lp vi cc bng.V vy cng mt b sinh m tun t c th s dng cho mt hay nhiu bng. S to ra cc s sequence hu dng to cc kho chnh duy nht cho d liu mt cch t ng v nh v cc kho qua nhiu hng ca bng. Cc sequence ring bit c th b qua nu chng c to ra v s dng trong mt chuyn tc roll back xong. Cc ng dng c th cung cp v s dng li nhng sequence ny, nu cn. 3.4 Synonym Mt synonym l mt b danh ca bt k mt table,view,snapshot ,sequence,function hay packagesequence. Do mt synonym ch n gin l mt b danh, n khng chim nhiu b nh m ch l mt nh ngha trong t in d liu. Cc synonym thng c s dng do tnh bo mt v tin li. V d, chng ta c th lm nhng vic sau: che tn v ch ca mt i tng cung cp v tr trong sut cc i tng t xa ca c s d liu phn tn n gin ho cc lnh SQL cho ngi dng c s d liu

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Ta c th to ra c synonym ton cc ln ring bit. Mt synonym ton cc thuc quyn mt nhm user c bit tn PUBLIC v mi USER trong mt c s d liu c th truy xut n. Mt synonym ring nm trong schema ca mt user c th m kim sot tnh sn dng ca n cho user khc. Cc synonym rt hu ch cho c mi trng c s d liu phn tn v khng phn tn do chng du ch danh ca i tng ang c ch nh, bao gm c v tr trong mt h phn tn. y l mt u im v nu i tng ang ch nh cn phi i tn hay di chuyn, ch cn nh ngha li cc synonym v cc ng dng da trn cc synonym vn tip tc hot ng m khng cn bin i. 3.5 Index. Index l cu trc tu chn kt hp vi cc table v cc cluster. Ta c th to ra cc index tng minh tng tc thc hin SQL trn mt bng. Cng nh cc Index trong mt cun sch gip ta nh v thng tin nhanh hn so vi khi khng c index, mt index Oracle cung cp mt ng truy xut d liu ca bng nhanh hn. Cc index l cc phng thc ch yu gim xut/nhp a khi s dng thch hp. S vng mt hay hin din ca mt Index khng yu cu thay i bt k mt lnh SQL no. Mt index n thun ch l mt ng truy xut nhanh n d liu, n ch nh hng n tc thc hin. Cho mt gi tr d liu c Index, index tr trc tip vo v tr ca hng cha gi tr . Cc index c lp v mt vt l v logic vi d liu trong bng kt hp. Ta c th to ra hay xo mt index bt c lc no m khng nh hng n bng gc hay cc index khc. Nu ta b mt index, tt c cc ng dng vn tip tc lm vic; tuy nhin, s truy xut n d liu c truy xut trc y c th chm hn. Cc index l mt cu trc c lp yu cu khng gian lu tr . Oracle t ng duy tr v s dng cc Index mt khi chng c to ra. Oracle t ng phn nh s thay i n d liu trong cc index, tng ng khi thm cc hng mi, cp nht hay xo cc hng m khng cn thm yu cu no ca user. Hiu nng truy xut d liu index lun l hng s, thm ch khi thm cc hng mi vo. Tuy nhin, s hin din ca nhiu index trn mt bng gim hiu nng sa i, xo, v chn v Oracle cng cn cp nht cc index kt hp vi bng. Cc index Unique v Non-Unique Cc Index c th duy nht hay khng duy nht Cc index duy nht trn cc bng tnh duy nht l mt khi nim logic nghim ngt v ch nn kt hp vi nh ngha mt bng. Ta nn thay vo bng cch nh ngha cc rng buc ton vn UNIQUE trn ct mong mun. Oracle h tr rng buc ton vn UNIQUE bng cch t ng nh ngha mt index unique trn kho unique. Mt index composite l mt index to ra trn nhiu ct ca mt bng. Cc ct trong mt index composite c th xut hin theo mt th t bt k khng cn nm k nhau trong mt bng. Cc index composite c th tng tc ly d liu cho cc lnh SELECT m mnh WHERE tham tr n tt c hay nhng ct u trong index

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composite, V vy, th t cc ct xut hin trong nh ngha rt quan trng; thng thng, cc ct c truy xut nhiu nht nn u tin trong index. Index v key Mc d hai thut ng index v key thng dng nh nhau, ta nn hiu s khc nhau gia chng. Index l cc cu trc tht s c lu trong c s d liu, m user to ra, thay th hay xo bng cc lnh SQL. Ta c th to ra mt index tng nhanh s truy xut n bng d liu. Key l mt khi nim hon ton logic. Cc key tng ng vi mt c trng khc ca Oracle gi l rng buc ton vn. Cc rng buc ton vn h tr cc quy lut hot ng. Do Oracle s dng Index h tr mt s rng buc ton vn, thut ng index v key thng dng thay th cho nhau. 3.6 Cluster. Cluster l mt phng php ty chn lu tr d liu bng. Mt cluster l mt nhm cc bng c cng cc khi d liu do chng c cc ct chung v thng s dng chung vi nhau. Do cc cluster lu tr cc hng lin quan ca hai bng khc nhau trong cng mt khi d liu, s dng cluster mt cch thch hp s c hai li im sau: Vic xut nhp a gim v ci thin thi gian truy cp nh ni cc bng cluster Trong mt cluster, mt gi tr key cluster i vi mi hng. Mi gi tr key cluster c lu tr ch mt ln trong cluster v trong index cluster, khng cn bit c bao nhiu hng ca cc bng khc nhau cha gi tr . V vy, khng gian lu tr cc bng lin h v d liu index trong mt cluster lun hn khi khng cluster. Cluster c th lm gim hiu nng ca lnh INSERT so vi vic lu tr cc bng tch ring vi index ca n. Khuyt im ny lin quan n vic s dng khng gian v s khi d liu cn phi xem qut mt bng. Do nhiu bng c d liu trong mi khi, lu tr mt bng c cluster cn s dng nhiu khi hn l bng khng cluster. cc nh d liu thch hp lu tr dng cluster hay l khng cluster, hy tm cc bng lin quan n cc rng buc ton vn tham chiu v cc bng thng c truy xut vi nhau thng qua vic s dng mt kt ni. Nu ta thc hin cluster cc bng trn cc ct s dng ni d liu bng, ta gim s khi d liu cn truy xut x l query; tt c cc hng cn thit ni trn mt cluster key nm trong cng mt khi. V vy, hiu nng i vi kt ni c ci thin. Cng nh index, cc cluster khng nh hng n thit k ng dng. S tn ti ca mt cluster trong sut i vi user v ng dng. Ta truy xut d liu lu tr trong mt bng c cluster bng lnh SQL nh bng khng cluster. II.2. CU TRC B NH V CC QU TRNH. 1. Cu trc b nh: Oracle to ra v s dng cu trc b nh hon thnh mt s cng vic. V d, b nh lu tr m chng trnh ang c thc hin v d liu dng chung ca cc user. Cc cu trc b nh c bn kt hp vi Oracle: Vng ton cc h thng( system global area- bao gm cc buffer c s

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d liu, cc buffer redolog, v shared pool) v vng ton cc chng trnh( program global areas). Mt th hin ca Oracle(Oracle Instance): Mi lc mt c s d liu c to ra, mt SGA c nh v v cc qu trnh chy ngm (background) ca Oracle c khi to. S kt hp gia cc qu trnh background v cc b nh m gi l mt th hin ca Oracle. Mt th hin ca Oracle gm hai loi: cc qu trnh User v cc qu trnh Oracle. Mt qu trnh user thc hin m ca mt chng trnh ng dng hay mt cng c Oracle. Cc qu trnh Oracle gm: cc qu trnh Server thc hin cc qu trnh ca user v cc qu trnh chy ngm duy tr cng vic ca Oracle Server. 1. System Global Area(SGA). L mt vng nh dng chung cha d liu v cc thng tin iu khin ca mt th hin Oracle. Mt SGA v cc qu trnh chy ngm ca Oracle to nn mt th hin ca Oracle. Oracle nh v SGA khi mt th hin khi ng v gii phng n khi th hin chm dt. Mi th hin c vng SGA ring ca n. Cc user ang ni vo mt Oracle server chia s d liu trong SGA. t hiu nng ti u , ton b SGA cng ln cng tt tr d liu trong b nh cng nhiu cng tt gim truy xut a. Thng tin lu tr trong SGA c chia thnh vi loi cu trc b nh: cc b m buffer c s d liu, cc b m redo log, cc vng chia s. Nhng vng ny c kch thc c nh v c to ra khi th hin setup. B m c s d liu B m c s d liu ca SGA lu tr nhng khi d liu thng c s dng nht; tp hp cc b m c s d liu trong mt th hin gi l database buffer cache. Buffer cache cha cc khi bin i. Do nhng d liu thng c dng nht lu trong b nh, vic xut nhp a gim i v hiu nng c ci thin. B m redo log Redo log buffer ca SGA lu tr cc mc redo-qu trnh cc thay i ca c s d liu. Cc mc redo log lu trong cc redo log buffer c ghi vo trong mt tp tin redo log online, s c s dng khi cn khi phc c s d liu. Kch thc ca n khng i. Vng chia s Share pool l mt phn ca SGA cha cc cu trc b nh dng chung nh cc vng SQL dng chung. Mt vng SQL dng chung c dng x l mi lnh SQL xc nh a ti c s d lu. Mt vng SQL dng chung cha thng tin nh cy c php v k hoch thc hin tng ng. Mt vng SQL dng chung c s dng bi nhiu ng dng pht cng lnh, nhiu vng nh chia s hn cho cc user khc. Cc cn lnh Mt currsor l mt cn b nh kt hp vi mt lnh xc nh. Mc d hu ht cc user Oracle da vo s qun l t ng cc currsor ca cc tin ch

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Oracle, cc yu cu v lp trnh giao din(GUI) ngh cc nh thit k ng dng iu khin cc currsor nhiu hn. Program Global Area(PGA) PGA l mt b nh m cha d liu v kim sot thng tin ca mt qu trnh server. Mt PGA c to ra bi Oracle khi mt qu trnh Server khi to. Thng tin trong mt PGA ph thuc vo cu hnh ca Oracle. 2. Cu trc cc qu trnh. Mt qu trnh l mt tuyn on iu khin hay mt c ch trong h iu hnh m c th thc hin mt chui cc bc. Mt s h iu hnh s dng thut ng cng vic hay tc v. Mt tin trnh thng c mt vng nh ring chy. Mt Oracle server c hai loi qu trnh chnh: qu trnh user v qu trnh Oracle. Qu trnh user: Mt qu trnh user c to ra v duy tr thc hin m phn mm ca mt chng trnh ng dng (nh chng trnh Pro*C/C++) hay mt cng c ca Oracle(nh Oracle Enterprise Manager). Qu trnh user cng qun l s giao tip vi cc qu trnh Server. Cc qu trnh user giao tip vi cc qu trnh server qua giao din chng trnh. Cu trc qu trnh ca Oracle. Cc qu trnh ca Oracle c gi bi cc qu trnh khc thc hin cc chc nng ca qu trnh gi.Chng bao gm cc qu trnh server v cc qu trnh chy ngm. Cc qu trnh Server: Oracle to ra cc qu trnh server qun l cc yu cu t cc qu trnh kt ni ca user. Mt qu trnh Server c nhim v giao tip vi qu trnh user v tng tc vi Oracle thc hin cc yu cu ca qu trnh user kt hp. Oracle c th cu hnh thch nghi vi mt s cc qu trnh user trn mt qu trnh server. Trong mt cu hnh server chuyn dng, mt qu trnh server qun l cc yu cu cho mt qu trnh user n l. Cu hnh server a lung cho php nhiu qu trnh user chia s mt s nh cc qu trnh server, gim thiu s qu trnh server v ti u ho gim thiu ti nguyn h thng c sn. Trong mt s h thng, cc qu trnh user v server c tch bit ring, trong khi cc h thng khc chng c kt hp thnh mt tuyn trnh n. Nu mt h thng s dng Server a lung hay nu cc qu trnh user v server chy trn cc my khc nhau, chng cn phi tch ring. Cc h thng client/server tch ring cc qu trnh user v server v thc hin chng trn cc my khc nhau. Cc qu trnh Background. Oracle to ra mt tp cc qu trnh background cho mi th hin. Chng hp nht cc chc nng m l ra s c qun l bi nhiu chng trnh Oracle chy cho mi qu trnh user. Cc qu trnh background ng b ho vic thc hin xut nhp v gim st cc qu trnh Oracle khc cung cp c ch song hnh nhm ci thin hiu nng v tin cy.

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Mt SGA v mt tp cc qu trnh background to nn mt th hin Oracle. Mi th hin Oracle c th s dng mt vi qu trnh background. Giao din chng trnh. Giao din chng trnh l c ch giao tip ca mt qu trnh server v user. N cung cp mt phng thc giao tip chun gia mt cng c hay mt ng dng client bt k (nh Oracle forms) v phn mm Oracle. N c chc nng: hot ng nh mt c ch giao tip bng cch nh dng yu cu d liu, truyn d liu, by v tr v li. Thc hin vic chuyn i v dch d liu, c bit gia cc loi my tnh khc nhau hay dch sang kiu d liu chng trnh user. II.3 TRANSACTION, COMMIT, ROLLBACK. Mt Transaction l mt n v lm vic nguyn t bao gm mt hay nhiu lnh SQL; n bt u khi user kt ni vo c s d liu v kt thc khi mt lnh COMMIT hay ROLLBACK c pht ra. Sau lnh COMMIT hay ROLLBACK, mt chuyn tc mi t ng bt u. Tt c cc lnh trong mt chuyn tc hoc l c lu ht hay u hi phc li ht. Vic COMMIT mt chuyn tc to s thay i thng trc t ton chuyn tc vo c s d liu, v khi COMMIT, s thay i khng th thay o li. S rollback o li s thm, sa i, xo trong chuyn tc; v khi roll back, nhng thay i ny khng th COMMIT. bn trong, qu trnh COMMIT c ngha l ghi nhng thay i ghi b m chng redo log ca SGA vo cc tp tin redo log on line ln a. Nu thao tc xut nhp a ny thnh cng, ng dng nhn mt thng bo ch nh mt commit thnh cng II.4. CC TC V KHI TO V CHM DT. Mt c s d liu Oracle c ch c sn cho user khi Oracle server c startup v c s d liu c m. Nhng tc v ny cn c thc hin bi ngi qun tr mng. Vic khi ng mt c s d liu v a ra nhng bc sau: Khi ng mt th hin ca Oracle server. Mount c s d liu. M c s d liu. Vic chm dt mt c s d liu m n kt ni gm: ng c s d liu. Dismount c s d liu. Shutdown th hin ca Oracle server. II.5 BO MT C S D LIU. Cc h thng c s d liu nhiu user nh Oracle lun bao gm cc c trng bo mt kim sot c truy xut v s dng c s d liu. Cc c ch bo mt gm: Ngn cn s truy xut d liu tri php. Ngn cn s truy xut tri php cc i tng schema. iu khin vic s dng a. iu khin vic s dng cc ti nguyn h thng. Gim st cc hnh ng ca user. SVTH: Hu B Trang 13

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Theo mc nh,mi user to ra v c quyn i vi tt c cc i tng trong schema tng ng. Tnh bo mt c s d liu c th phn lm hai loi ring bit: bo mt h thng v bo mt d liu. Bo mt h thng gm cc c ch iu khin vic truy xut v s dng c s d liu mc h thng. V d bo mt h thng bao gm: S kt hp hp l username/password. Lng khng gian a sn c cho mi i tng schema ca user. Gii hn v ti nguyn cp cho user. C ch bo mt h thng kim tra: User c quyn truy xut vo c s d liu hay khng? S gim st d liu c hot ng hay khng? Cc tc v h thng no user c th thc hin? Bo mt d liu bao gm cc c ch iu khin s truy xut v s dng c s d liu mc i tng schema. V d bo mt d liu bao gm: Xc nh quyn ca user vi mt i tng schema xc nh v nhng tc v nht nh m user c th thc hin trn i tng ca schema ( v d, user SCOTT c th pht sinh lnh SELECT v INSERT nhng khng th dng lnh DELETE i vi bng EMP). Cc tc v, nu c, c gim st vi mi i tng h thng. CC C CH BO MT. Oracle Sever cung cp s iu khin truy xut theo nhim , tc l mt cch gii hn s truy xut thng tin da trn c quyn(privilege). Mt c quyn thch hp cn gn cho mt user user c quyn tc ng/ x l mt i tng schema. Cc user c c quyn thch hp c th gn cho cc user khc c quyn tu ; do , loi bo mt ny c gi l nhim (discretionary). Oracle qun l s bo mt bng cc phng tin sau: User

PAY_CLERK Role

MANAGER Role

REC_CLERK Role

Role User

ACCTS_PAY Role

ACCTS_REC Role

Role ng dng

c quyn thc hin ng dng ACCTS_PAY

c quyn thc hin ng dng ACCTS_REC

c quyn ng dng

Hnh 1: Cc c trng bo mt ca Oracle

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Cc User v cc schema c s d liu Cc c quyn(privilege) Cc vai tr(role) Ch nh b nh v quota. Gii hn ti nguyn. Kim tra. II.6. USER C S D LIU V SCHEMA. Mi c s d liu Oracle c mt danh sch username. truy xut mt c s d liu, mt user cn s dng ng dng c s d liu v gn vi mt username hp l ca c s d liu. Mi username c mt password kt hp ngn nga s truy xut tri php. DOMAIN SECURIY(bo mt vng). Mi user c mt domain security- l mt tp cc tnh cht xc nh nhng iu nh: Cc hot ng(privilege v role) sn c cho user. Cc quote tables( khng gian a c sn) cho user. Gii hn ti nguyn h thng( v d, thi gian x l cho CPU) cho user. PRIVILEGE (c quyn) Mt privilege l quyn thc hin mt lai lnh SQL c bit. Mt s privilege nh: Quyn kt ni vo c s d liu( to ra mt session) Quyn to bng trong schema ca mnh. Quyn chn cc hng t bng ca User khc. Quyn thc hin cc store procedure ca user khc. Cc privilege ca mt c s d liu Oracle c th chia thnh hai lai ring bit: privilege h thng v privilege ca cc i tng schema. PRIVILEGE h thng. Privilege h thng cho php user thc hin mt hnh ng mc h thng c bit hay mt hnh ng c bit trn mt loi i tng schema c bit. V d., c quyn to mt tablespace hay xa cc hng trong c s d liu l cc c quyn mc h thng. Nhiu c quyn h thng ch dnh cho ngi qun tr v cc nh pht trin ng dng do cc c quyn ny rt mnh. PRIVILEGE i tng schema. Privilege i tng schema cho php cc user thc hin mt hnh ng c bit trn mt i tng schema c bit. V d, c quyn xo mt s hng ca mt bng, c bit l mt privilege i tng. Privilege i tng c gn cho cc ngi dng cui h c th thc hin mt ng dng c s d liu nhm thc hin mt tc v xc nh. CP PRIVILEGE. Privilege c cp cho cc user h c th truy xut v bin i d liu trong mt c s d liu. Mt user c th nhn mt privilege theo hai cch khc nhau: Cc privilege c th cp cho user mt cch tng minh. V d, privilege chn cc record vo bng EMP c th gn tng minh cho user scott. Cc privilege c th gn cho cc role( l mt nhm cc privilege c t tn), v sau role c th gn cho mt hay nhiu user. V d, privilege chn

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cc record vo bng EMP c th gn cho mt role tn CLERK, v sau role ny s c cp cho cc user SCOTT v BRIAN. Do cc role cho php qun l cc privilege d dng v tt hn , cc privilege thng c gn cho cc role ch khng cho mt user xc nh. ROLE Cung cp vic qun l privilege mt cch d dng qua cc role. Cc role l mt nhm cc privilege c lin quan c t tn cp cho cc user hay cc role khc. Cc tnh cht sau cho php qun l cc role d dng hn: Gim vic cp privilege-Thay v cp tng minh cng mt tp privilege cho nhiu user, ngi qun tr c s d liu c th gn cc privilege cho mt role, sau ngi qun tr c s d liu c th gn role cho cc thnh vin ca nhm. Qun l privilege ng- Khi cc privilege ca mt nhm cn thay i, ch cn bin i privilege ca role cn bin i. Domain bo mt ca tt c cc user c cp role ca mt nhm t ng phn nh thay i c thc hin trong role. Tnh sn c chn lc ca privilege- Cc role c cp cho mt user c th cho php, sn dng, hay khng cho php, khng sn dng, mt cch chn lc. iu ny cho php iu khin c quyn ca mt user trong tnh hung cho. H tr ng dng- mt ng dng c s d liu c th thit k cho php hay khng cho php mt cch chn lc cc role mt cch t ng khi cc user s dng ng dng. Ngi qun tr mng thng to ra cc role cho mt ng dng c s d liu. Data Base Aministrator(DBA) cp cho role ca mt ng dng tt c cc privilege cn thit chy ng dng. DBA sau cp role ng dng cho cc role khc hay user. Mt ng dng c th c mt s role khc nhau, mi ci c cp mt tp cc privilege m cho php truy xut s dng ng dng c s d liu. DBA c th to ra mt role c password ngn cn s s dng tri php cc privilege cp cho role. Thng thng, mt ng dng c thit k sao cho khi khi ng n cho php mt role thch hp. Do , user s dng ng dng khng cn bit password ca mt role ca ng dng. CC XC LP LU TR QUOTA. Oracle cung cp cc bin php nh hng v gii hn vic s dng khng gian ca c s d liu trn tng User, bao gm cc tablespace, tablespace mc nh, tablespace tm thi v cc quota tablespace. Tablespace tm thi. Mi user c mt tablespace mc nh. Khi user to ra mt bng index hay cluster m khng ch nh c th mt tablespace, tablespace mc nh s c s dng nu user c privilege to ra cc i tng schema v c quota trong tablespace mc nh. c trng tablespace mc nh gip Oracle ch nh ni lu tr trong trng hp v tr ca i tng schema khng c ch nh. Tablespace tm thi. Mi user c mt tablespace tm thi. Khi mt user thc hin mt lnh SQL, m yu cu to ra mt segment tm thi( nh to mt index), tablespace tm

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thi ca cc user vo mt tablespace ring, c trng tablespace tm thi c th gim s tranh chp xut hin gia cc segment tm v cc loi segment khc. Cc quota tablespace. Oracle c th gii hn lng khng gian a sn cung cp cho cc i tng trong mt schema. Cc quota c th xc lp cho tng tablespace c sn ca user. c trng bo mt quota tablespace iu khin chn lc lng khng gian a tiu tn bi cc i tng ca cc schema xc nh. CC PROFILE V GII HN TI NGUYN. Mi user c gn mt profile ch nh cc gii hn ti nguyn trn mt s ti nguyn h thng c sn cho user, bao gm. S session c th c thit lp ng thi bi user. Thi gian truy xut CPU. Sn c cho session ca user. Sn c cho ln gi Oracle ca mt lnh SQL. Lng xut nhp logic: Sn c cho session ca user. Sn c cho mt ln gi Oracle ca mt lnh SQL. Lng thi gian ri cho php ca mt session ca user. Lng thi gian kt ni cho php ca mt session ca user. Cc gii hn password: Kha account sau nhiu ln c gng login tht bi. S ht hn ca password v chu k gia hn S s dng li password v cc hn ch phc tp. S KIM TRA Oracle cho php kim tra chn lc( gim st c ng k) cc hnh ng ca user nhm iu tra cc s dng c s d liu khng r rng. S gim st c th c thc hin ba mc: kim tra lnh, kim tra c quyn, kim tra cc i tng schema. Kim tra lnh: s kim tra cc lnh SQL xc nh m khng quan tm n tn cc i tng schema. S kim tra lnh c th m rng v kim tra tt c cc user ca h thng hay ch tp trung kim tra cc user c la chn h thng Kim tra c quyn: s kim tra cc c quyn h thng quan trng m khng quan tm n tn cc i tng schema. S kim tra lnh c th m rng v kim tra tt c cc user ca h thng hay ch tp trung kim tra cc user c la chn h thng. Kim tra cc i tng schema: Kim tra s truy xut n mt i tng schema nht nh m khng quan tm n user. S kim tra i tng gim st cc lnh c cho php theo c quyn i tng, nh cc lnh SELECT hay DELETE trn mt bng cho. i vi tt c cc loi kim tra, Oracle cho php kim tra chn lc s thc hin lnh thnh cng, s thc hin lnh khng thnh cng, hay c hai. iu ny cho php gim st cc lnh kh nghi, khng k user c pht lnh c c quyn thch hp hay khng. TRUSTED ORACLE.

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Trusted Oracle l mt sn phm qun l bo mt c s d liu nhiu mc ca cng ty Oracle. N c thit k cung cp kh nng bo mt c s d liu cao nhm phc v yu cu cc t chc x l nhng d liu t nh hay bo mt. Trusted Oracle tng thch vi cc sn phm c bn ca Oracle, v n h tr tt c cc chc nng ca Oracle. II.7 BO MT NG DNG. 1. Tng quan. Ch bo mt ng dng gii hn vic truy cp c s d liu t pha Client ca h thng. Bo mt c s d liu gii hn n vic truy xut n cc i tng c s d liu c bit trong khi bo mt ng ca ng dng gii hn vic truy xut cc i tng giao din c bit. Ni rng ra, bo mt ng dng bao gm c vic s dng bt k i tng c s d liu no ca ng dng c dng nng cao ch bo mt. Bo mt ca ng dng c s dng tng cng v b sung ch bo mt ca c s d liu. Tuy th, khng nn ch tin vo ch bo mt ca ng dng, v khng ai tin rng user ch truy cp n d liu thng qua d liu vit. Bo mt ca ng dng c th nng cao mc bo mt c s d liu bng cch gii hn hn na vic truy xut i tng c s d liu bng cch gii hn hn na vic truy xut i tng c s d liu v bng cch cung cp mt lp tru tng b sung. Nu gii hn c vic truy cp cc stored procedure, function ca ng dng v to thm cc role c bit cho ng dng, ta c th du cc i tng ng vi cc user c bit hay cc role c bit khi truy xut h thng. Tng t nh ch bo mt c bn, ng dng c th gii hn vic truy xut n cc ct hay ch nh ct no l ch c bng cch s dng cc view khc nhau ng vi cc role khc nhau ca user. Trong cc ng dng thng thng, giao din cho php user lm vic vi c s d liu thng qua cc trnh n, cc forms tng ng vi cc tin trnh v cc i tng hot ng. l mt lp thun li cho vic ngn nga user hiu bit tn cc bng v cc ct c truy xut. Trong nhiu trng hp, thng tin ca c s d liu s dng qun l cc hot ng ca giao din, da trn cc role ca user. Cc bng ca h thng cha cc thng tin bo mt cho ng dng s iu khin cc kh nng ca giao din l sn dng. Cc tu chn trnh n v cc forms s c hin ra cho cc user c c quyn v s n i nu user khng c php. Mt l do na cn phi s dng bo mt ng dng l ta c th truy xut c s d liu t nhiu ng dng khc nhau. Lc ny user c th c cc role khc nhau ng vi cc ng dng khc nhau. S DNG I TNG C S D LIU CA NG DNG. S phn bit gia bo mt ng dng v bo mt c s d liu i lc mp m nh khi ta dng cc i tng c s d liu ca ng dng. Khi cc ng dng khc nhau cng truy cp n n mt c s d liu chung . Khi to ra cc i tng dng cho mt ng dng c th th bo mt ng dng l dng chung. D cho i tng tn ti trong c s d liu, v bo mt c s d liu c p dng, nhng nu i tng ch dng cho mt ng dng c th no , th ta c th coi l ng dng ch Owner ca n.

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Theo nh ngha chung v bo mt ng dng h thng, cc i tng c bn( cluster, tables, indexes, sequence) v cc quyn cp cho cc i tng ny thuc loi bo mt c s d liu. Cc i tng khc nh view, procedures v function c coi l cc i tng c s d liu ng dng v cc quyn cp v chng thuc loi bo mt ng dng. Thng thng, trong mi trng c s d liu ln, nh qun tr c s d liu chnh s khng chu trch nhim v vic to v bo tr cc i tng c s d liu ng dng. Mt cch c th p dng to bo mt cho mt c s d liu ln c truy xut t nhiu ng dng l cung cp quyn to sequence v views ca cc bng cho cc nh pht trin hay qun tr h ng vai tr l nhng nh qun tr c s d liu cho cc ng dng ring bit ca mnh. Hnh 2. Vai tr ca cc i tng c s d liu trong bo mt ng dng.

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i tng CSDL

SEQUENCES TABLES VIEWS

PUBLIC SYNONYMS

i tng ng dng

Tables

PROCEDURE& FUNCTION

PUBLIC SYNONYMS

VIEWS Sequences

PROCEDURE V FUNCTION BN TRONG LP I TNG NG DNG CLIENT

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CHNG III: ORACLE V M HNH MNG. I. Tng quan v NET8. Net8 l nn tng cho cc h sn phm m Oracle xy dng nn. Nh vo Net8 tt c mi dch v v ng dng ca Oracle nm trn cc my tnh khc nhau u c th d dng truy cp v trao i d liu vi nhau nh ang lm vic trn cng mt my. Chc nng ch yu l thit lp cc phin chuyn tc mng v trao i gia cc my client/server hay gia cc server-server vi nhau. Mi my tnh c ng dng Oracle mun tham gia vo h thng mng u phi c ci Net8 trn . Cc phin kt ni mng c thit lp thng qua c ch lng nghe v phn hi. Mt chng trnh trn my ch c gi l listener s chy thng xuyn nh l mt dch v, tip nhn tt c cc kt ni t cc my khc( my client) n c s d liu( my server, ni cha c s d liu v cng l ni Listener ang hot ng ). B tip nhn ng vai tr nh mt mi gii hng dn cc yu cu kt ni xut pht t my client n my server. Mi khi c mt my client yu cu mt phin kt ni mng n my m Listener ang hot ng, Listener s tip nhn nhng thng tin kt ni do my client a n. Nu nhng thng tin ny ph hp vi nhng thng tin m m Listener nm gi th my client s c listener cp cho quyn kt ni vo my server. Nh vy mun kt ni vi c s d liu ca Oracle mt ng dng trn my client cn phi thit lp ng nhng thng s kt ni m chng trnh listener trn my server quy nh. Trn mt mi trng mng rng ln i hi nhiu kt ni n c s d liu truy xut cng mt dch v, thay v s dng c ch listener Net8 cho php ci t b tip nhn listener v qun l cc kt ni trn mt my tnh ring bit bng chng trnh Oracle Connection Manager. Khi thao tc kt ni vi listener nm trn mt my tnh trung gian khng cn hot ng chung vi cc dch v trn my server na. II. CC KHI NIM V KIN TRC MNG CA ORACLE. Net8 s dng khi nim Nn giao tip mng trong sut(Trasparent Net Work Subtrate) gi tt l TNS, cng vi cc chun cng nghip v giao tip mng thc hin nhng kt ni gia my client-server cng nh thit lp cc phin lm vic trn mng cho ng dng Oracle. Net8 m nhim kh nng giao tip gia nhiu my trong h mt h thng mng thc hin nhng chuyn tc phn tn ca Oracle bt chp cc kt ni c thc hin di hnh thc client-server hay gia cc server-server vi nhau. Hot ng ca cc dch v m Net8 cung cp ch yu l ba thao tc: Thao tc thc hin kt ni gia cc my. Thao tc trn d liu Cc tho tc x l ngai l III. KIN TRC CA NET8 Kin trc ca Net8 gm:

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Mi trng mng Net8 v nn giao tip mng trong sut Cc tng giao tip mng. Cc tng giao tip mng bn trong mi trng mng in hnh ca Oracle. Cc tng giao tip mng trong mi trng IIOP. Tng tc gia Server v Server. Cc tng giao tip mng trong mi trng JDBC. IV. MI TRNG MNG. Mi trng mng ca Oracle c xy dng trn hai khi nim: Tin trnh x l phn tn C s d liu phn tn.

Client

Server *Tin trnh x l phn tn C s d liu ca Oracle v cc ng dng pha client hot ng theo cch ca mt mi trng x l phn tn. Tin trnh x l phn tn l s tng tc gia hai hay nhiu my cng truy xut vo c s d liu khc nhau hon tt mt thao tc chuyn tc v x l v truy xut d liu. Cc ng dng bao gm nhng cng c ca Oracle nh SQL*Plus, Schema Manager chng hn u c kh nng yu cu nhiu Server cha c s d liu ng thi thc hin cc thao tc khc nhau tr v mt kt qu truy vn duy nht. Trong mt cu hnh mng in hnh, my client v server c ci t nh l nhng thc th tch bit nhau v mt vt l cng nh logic. Cu hnh mng tch bit ny cho php th hin s phn cng lao ng gia cc v phn b ti nguyn mt cch hiu qu. Nhng ,my ny khng i hi cu hnh mnh nn ch l nhng my cn tc x l v b nh mc bnh thng l . Ngc li server c xem nh l nhng my chuyn bit, lu tr ti nguyn v d

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liu phn b cho cc client. My server thng trang b cu hnh ti a v dung lng a, tc x l, b nh, c ch bo mt v sao lu d liu V nh vy gia client v Server c s phn cng v cng hp tc phc v cho mc ch x l d liu ca cc chng trnh. C s d liu phn tn: L mt c s d liu gm nhiu c s d liu a phng c quan h logic vi nhau m c phn tn trn nhiu trm lm vic ca mt mng my tnh. i vi ngi dng tp hp c s d liu nm ri rc trn mng c lin quan n nhau khi truy xut s c xem nh l mt c s d liu duy nht. Cc server cha c s d liu phn tn thng c lin kt vi nhau bng data link hoc bng ng dn t mt c s d liu ny n mt c s d liu khc. Xu th pht trin ca c s d liu phn tn: C cu t chc kinh t phi tp trung S tng trng Gim chi ph truyn thng Kin trc ca c s d liu phn tn.
S TNG TH S PHN ON

S SP CH

S NH X A PHNG 1

S NH X A PHNG n

DBMS1

DBMSn

CSDL1

CSDLn

S tng th Bao gm tp ton b d liu ca x nghip c biu din bi m hnh quan h Tp cc quan h tng th Mi quan h l mt i tng ca c s d liu phn tn v qua h c tch thnh cc b phn khng bao trm ln nhau. Mi b phn l mt on.

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S sp ch Mi on l mt n v logic ca c s d liu phn tn m n c nh v ti mt hoc nhiu trm lm vic. CC MC TRONG SUT KHC NHAU * Mc trong sut phn on: Ngi s dng biu din ng dng trn cc quan h tng th m khng h bit v s phn on cng nh s sp ch ca quan h tng th. S phn on l hon ton trong sut i vi ngi s dng. Mc trong sut nh x nh v Ngi s dng biu din trn cc on do vy ngi s dng bit s phn on ca quan h tng th. Tuy nhin s nh v ca cc an l trong sut i vi ngi s dng. Mc trong sut nh x a phng Ngi s dng biu din ng dng trn cc an m cn phi ch r lm vic trn bn sao no ca on.

CHNG IV: ORACLE V CU HNH MNG

I. SERVICE V NHNG CHC NNG PHC V CA ORACLE. Oracle xy dng rt nhiu loi service h tr v phc v cho cc thao tc kt ni cng nh truy xut c s d liu. Mt Service thng c hai thao tc chnh m bn cn quan tm l START v STOP. Khi mt Service c START n s trng thi sn sng phc v cho mi yu cu gi n theo cch thc m ng dng quy nh. Khi STOP mt Service cng ng ngha vi cc dch v hay ng dng m bn yu cu phc v khng cn c sn na. Chng trnh listener ca Oracle l mt Service d hnh dung nht. II. TNG QUAN V CC CU HNH V KT NI CA ORACLE. Do c s d liu v cc ng dng ca Oracle hot ng theo m hnh mng client/server nn hu ht cc cu hnh cn thit lp cn phi n khp nhau gia client vi server. Mun c s d liu trn my Server chp nhn kt ni my client cn phi c cu hnh thit lp cc thng s cho Net Service Name cc thng s m Net Service Name nm gi phi ph hp vi nhng thng s thit lp trong tp tin LISTENER.ORA do chng trnh kim sot. Cc thng s ny ch yu bao gm a ch mng ca my Server v cc giao thc dng kt ni. Trong qu trnh kt ni my client s gi thm thng tin v nh danh ca c s d liu trn my ch LISTENER bit cch gi nhng yu cu ca bn n ng Service ca c s d liu m bn cn truy xut. Tp tin LISTENER.ORA dng lu nhng thng tin quy nh cch ng x v kim sot kt ni ca Services listener, cc thng tin ny bao gm a ch mng ni listener mun tip nhn kt ni( thng l a ch my Server), giao thc m Listener dng lin lc v hiu c my Client, cng giao tip( dnh cho giao thc TCP/IP), nh danh SID ca c s d liu cn LISTENER phc v ( hay chuyn giao cc yu cu truy xut t pha client a n). Tp tin ny thng c ORACLE t ti th mc ORACL_HOME\Net80\Admin \ trn my server. kt ni vi Server my Client dng Net Service Name l mt chui thng tin c ly t tp tin TNSNAMES.ORA( trn my client cc b tp tin ny SVTH: Hu B Trang 24

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thng c ORACLE lu trong th mc ORACLE_HOME\Net80\Admin) hoc trn mt my Server khc(Oracle Names Server) trong trng hp bn c nhiu c s d liu v cn truy xut trn mng din rng vi quy m c s d liu phn tn ln. Khi cu hnh my client ( hay Server ng vai tr client) chng ta cn phi quan tm n nhng thng s my kt ni ny. Tng qut ta c hai cch thit lp cu hnh cho Net Services Name my Client l: Cu hnh qun l cc b. a ch mng v giao thc quy nh kt ni c t trong tp tin TNSNAMES. ORA hoc ch dng tp tin WINNT\SYSTEM32\DRIVER\ETC\HOST duy nht ca Window NT. Cng c ca Oracle gip bn thc hin cng vic ny l Oracle Net8 Easy Config hay Net 8 Assistance. Cu hnh qun l tp trung. Tt c tn Net Service Name v a ch kt ni vi Server c t trn mt my ch khc(ONS- Oracle Name Server). My client ch cn quan tm n a ch my ONS cc thng tin khc v Server cha c s d liu s c ONS cho bit. Cng c h tr cu hnh ny ca Oracle l Oracle Net8 Assistance. III. NET8 V NN GIAO TIP MNG TRONG SUT. Khi nim trong sut thng ch nhng phn mm trung gian gip ta thc hin mt thao tc no m khng cn bit n c ch hot ng hay s hin din ca thnh phn trung gian. Oracle cung cp m hnh hot ng v giao tip mng tng t nh vy. Tt c cc li gi kt ni u vi mng u do TNS( Transaparent Network Subtrate) hay Nn giao tip mng trong sut qun l v chuyn ti. K thut v nn tng ca TNS c xy dng bn trong Net8 cung cp mt cch giao tip duy nht cho tt c cc giao thc mng hin nay ang c s dng rng ri nh: TCP/IP, IPX, Pies Vi TNS mi ng dng ngang hng u c th kt ni c vi nhau mt cch t nhin. Trong kin trc mng ngang hng gm hai hay nhiu my tnh ( mi my tnh c xem nh l mt node hay l mt nt mng) c th giao tip trc tip vi nhau khng cn thng qua mt thit b trung gian no khc. Vi h thng ngang hng mi node u c th ng vai tr l mt client hoc mt server. IV. CC TNG GIAO TIP. Khi nim x l cc tin trnh phn tn m ta nu trc y da vo kh nng ca nhiu my tnh tch bit nhau c th giao tip v tng tc vi nhau thng qua nhng tng giao tip c thit k khc nhau v mt vt l. Cc tng giao tip ny c thit k theo m hnh h thng m (Open System Interconnection gi tt l OSI). Trong m hnh OSI, giao tip gia cc my tnh khc bit nhau c thc hin thng qua vic phn chia trch nhim trong vic chuyn v x l mt gi thng tin xuyn qua nhiu tng tch ri. Pha my client thng tin t tng cao nht s c phn tch v chuyn dn xung cc tng di. Tng vt l cui cng s chuyn thng tin qua mng n my server. Ti my server gi thng tin s c phn tch v chuyn xung thng qua cc tng giao tip theo hng ngc li.

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iu hp dn ca tip cn OSI chnh l ch n ha hn gii php cho vn truyn thng gia cc my tnh khng ging nhau. Hai h thng d khc nhau nh th no i na, iu c th truyn thng vi nhau mt cch hiu qu nu chng m bo nhng iu kin sau y: Chng ci t mt tp cc chc nng truyn thng Cc chc nng c t chc thnh mt tp cc tng. Cc tng ng mc phi cung cp cc chc nng nh nhau Cc tng ng mc phi s dng mt giao thc chung. m bo nhng iu trn cn phi c cc chun. Cc chun phi xc nh cc chc nng v dch v c cung cp bi mt tng. Theo cch tip cn OSI, trong mi tng ca mt h thng c mt hoc nhiu thc th(entity) hot ng. Mt(N) entity (thc th ca tng N) ci t cc chc nng ca tng N v giao thc truyn thng vi cc(N) entity trong cc h thng khc. Mt tin trnh trong mt h a x l l mt v d ca thc th. Hay n gin hn, mt thc th c th l mt trnh con(subroutine). Mi thc th truyn thng vi cc thc th cc tng trn v di n thng qua mt giao din. Giao din ny gm mt hoc nhiu im truy cp dch v(Service Access Point-vit tt l SAP). (N-1) entity cung cp dch v cho mt (N) entity thng qua vic gi cc hm nguyn thu( primitive). Hm nguyn thu ch r cc chc nng thc hin v c dng chuyn d liu v thng tin iu khin. Li gi trnh con chnh l mt dng ci t c th ca mt hm nguyn thu. Bn hm nguyn thu c dng nh ngha tng tc gia cc tng k nhau, l: Request(yu cu): L hm nguyn thu m Service User( ngi s dng dch v) dng gi mt chc nng. Indication(ch bo): l hm nguyn thu m Service Provider( ngi cung cp dch v) dng : Gi mt chc nng hoc ch bo mt chc nng c gi mt im truy cp dch v(SAP) Respone( tr li): L hm nguyn thy m Service User dng hon tt mt chc nng c gi t trc bi mt hm nguyn thy Indication SAP . Confirm(xc nhn): L hm nguyn thy m Service Provider dng hon tt mt chc nng c gi t trc bi mt hm nguyn thy Request ti SAP . M hnh tham chiu OSI 7 tng: Tng vt l. Theo nh ngha ca ISO, tng vt l cung cp cc phng tin in, c,chc nng th tc kch hot, duy tr v nh ch lin kt vt l gia cc h thng. y thuc tnh in lin quan n s biu din cc bit v tc truyn cc bit, thuc tnh c lin quan n cc tnh cht vt l ca giao din vi mt ng truyn( kch thc, cu hnh). Thuc tnh chc nng ch ra cc chc nng c thc hin bi cc phn t ca giao din vt l, gia mt h thng v ng truyn v thuc tnh th tc lin quan n giao thc iu khin vic truyn cc xu bit qua ng truyn vt l.

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Khc vi cc tng khc, tng vt l l tng thp nht giao din vi ng truyn khng c PDU cho tng vt l, khng c phn header cha thng tin iu khin(PCI), d liu c truyn i theo dng bit. bi giao thc cho tng vt l khng xut hin vi ngha ging nh i vi cc tng khc. Tng lin kt d liu. Tng lin kt d liu cung cp cc phng tin truyn thng qua lin kt vt l m bo tin cy thng qua lin kt vt l m bo tin cy thng qua cc c ch ng b ho, kim sot li v kim sot lung d liu. Tng mng. Cu trc tng mng c nhiu chuyn gia nh gi l phc tp nht trong cc tng ca m hnh OSI. Tng mng cung cp cc phng tin truyn cc n v d liu qua mng, thm ch qua mt mng ca cc mng. Bi vy n cn phi p ng nhiu kiu mng v nhiu kiu dch v cung cp bi cc mng khc nhau. Cc dch v v giao thc cho tng mng l phi phn nh c tnh phc tp . Hai chc nng chnh ca tng mng l chn ng v chuyn tip. Tng giao vn. Trong m hnh OSI ngi ta phn bit 4 tng thp v ba tng cao. Cc tng thp quan tm n vic truyn d liu gia cc h thng cui qua phng tin truyn thng, cn cc tng cao tp trung p ng cc yu cu v cc ng dng ca ngi s dng. Tng giao vn l tng cao nht ca nhm cc tng thp , mc ch ca n l cung cp cc dch v truyn d liu sao cho cc chi tit c th ca phng tin truyn thng c s dng bn di tr nn trong sut i vi cc tng cao. Ni cch khc, c th hnh dung tng giao vn nh l mt bc mn che ph ton b cc hot ng cc tng thp bn di n. T , nhim v ca tng giao vn rt phc tp. N phi c tnh n kh nng mt phm vi rt rng cc c trng ca mng . Chng hn, mt mng c th l c lin kt hoc khng lin kt, c th l tin cy hoc cha m bo tin cy, N phi bit c yu cu v cht lng dch v ca ngi s dng ng thi cng phi bit c kh nng cung cp cc dch v ca mng bn di. Cht lng ca cc dch v mng tu thuc vo loi mng kh dng cho tng giao vn v cho ngi s dng cui. Tng phin. Tng phin l tng thp nht trong nhm cc tng cao v nm ranh gii gia hai nhm tng ni trn. Mc tiu ca n l cung cp cho ngi s dng cui cc chc nng cn thit qun tr cc phin ng dng ca h, c th l: iu phi vic trao i d liu gia cc ng dng bng cch thit lp v gii phng mt cch logic cc phin hay cn gi l cc hi thoi. Cung cp cc im ng b ho kim sot vic trao i d liu. p t cc quy tc cho cc tng tc gia cc ng dng ca ngi s dng. Cung cp c ch ly lt trong qu trnh trao i d liu. Vic trao i d liu c th thc hin theo mt trong 3 phng thc: Hai chiu ng thi. Hai chiu lun phin. Mt chiu.

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Vi phng thc hai chiu ng thi, c hai bn u c th ng thi gi d liu i. Mt khi phng thc ny c tha thun th khng i hi phi c nhim v qun tr tng tc c bit no . C l y l phng thc hi thoi ph bin nht. Trong trng hp hai chiu lun phin th ny sinh vn : hai ngi s dng phin ly lt truyn d liu. Mt v d in hnh ca phng thc ny l dng cho cc ng dng hi /p. Thc th tng phin duy tr tng tc lun phin bng cch bo cho ngi s dng khi n lt h c truyn d liu. Trng hp mt chiu ni chung t xy ra, v d in hnh l d liu c gi ti mt ngi s dng tm thi khng lm vic, ch c mt chng trnh nhn vi nhim v duy nht l tip nhn d liu n v lu gi li. Chun ca ISO khng xt n phng thc ny. Vn ng b ho trong tng phin c thc hin tng t nh c ch im kim tra/ phc hi trong mt h qun tr tp. Dch v ny cho php ngi s dng xc nh cc im ng b ho trong dng d liu v c th khi phc vic hi thoi bt u t mt trong cc im . Mt trong nhng chc nng quan trng nht ca tng Phin l t tng ng cc lin kt phin vi cc lin kt giao vn. mt thi im cho trc , tn ti mt nh x gia cc lin kt phin v cc lin kt giao vn. Tuy nhin vng i ca cc lin kt phin v giao vn c th khc nhau. Tng trnh din. Mc ch ca tng trnh din l m bo cho cc h thng cui c th truyn thng c kt qu ngay c khi chng s dng cc biu din d liu khc nhau. t c iu n cung cp mt biu din chung dng trong truyn thng v cho php chuyn i t biu din cc b sang biu din chung . Tn ti 3 dng c php thng tin c trao i gia cc thc th ng dng , l : c php dng ng dng thc th ngun, c php dng bi thc th ng dng ch v c php c dng gia cc thc th tng trnh din . Loi c php sau gi l c php truyn. C th c 3 hoc mt cp no trong cc c php trn l ging nhau. Tng trnh din m nhim vic chuyn i biu din ca thng tin gia c php truyn v mi mt c php kia khi c yu cu. Lu rng khng tn ti mt c php truyn xc nh trc duy nht cho mi hot ng trao i d liu. C php truyn c s dng trn mt lin kt c th ca tng trnh din phi c thng lng gia cc thc th trnh din tng ng. Mi bn la chn mt c php truyn sao cho c th sn sng c chuyn i sang c php ngi s dng v ngc li. Ngoi ra, c php truyn c chn phn nh cc yu cu dch v khc, chng hn nh nhu cu nn d liu. Vic thng lng c php truyn c tin hnh trong giai on thit lp mt lin kt v c php truyn s dng c th c thay i trong vng i ca lin kt . Tng trnh din ch lin quan n c php truyn v th trong giao thc s khng quan tm n cc c php s dng bi cc thc th ng dng. Tuy nhin, mi thc th trnh din phi chu trch nhim chuyn i gia c php ca ngi s dng v c php truyn.

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Trc khi i vo cc chun ISO v dch v v giao thc ca tng trnh din, chng ta xt k khi nim lin quan n bi cnh ca tng trnh din c ch ra trong hnh Hnh A. Bi cnh tng trnh din

Application Entity

Application protocol

Application Entity

(Abstract Syntax)
Presentation Data request Presentation Data indication

(Abs Syntax)

(Abs Syntax)

Presentation Entity

Presentation protocol

Presentation Entity

(Negotiation of Tranfer Syntax Data tranfer)

Session Data request (Bytes)

Session Data indication (Bytes)

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Khi qua ranh gii gia hai tng trnh din, tng Phin c mt s thay i quan trng trong cch nhn d liu. i vi tng phin tr xung, tham s User data trong cc service primitive c c t di dng nh phn. Gi tr ny c th c a trc tip trong cc SDU( Service Data Unit) chuyn i gia cc tng trong mt h thng v trong cc PDU (Protocol data Unit) chuyn gia cc tng ng mc hai h thng kt ni vi nhau. Tuy nhin tng ng dng li lin quan cht ch vi cch nhn d liu ca ngi s dng. Ni chung, cch nhn l mt tp thng tin c cu trc no , nh l vn bn trong mt ti liu, mt tp v nhn s, mt c s d liu tch hp hoc mt hin th ca thng tin videotext. Ngi s dng ch lin quan n ng ngha ca d liu. Do tng trnh din gia c nhim v phi cung cp cc phng thc biu din d liu v chuyn i thnh cc gi tr nh phn dng cho cc tng di- ngha l tt c nhng g lin quan n c php ca d liu. Tuy nhin trong thc t khng th tch bch hon ton gia c php v ng ngha ca d liu. Nu tng ng dng khng bit g v c php cn tng trnh din khng bit g v ng ngha th khng th no hon tt c vic kt hp ng ngha vi c php dng to ra mt biu din c th cc gi tr d liu cho mt dch v phin. Cch tip cn ca ISO v vic kt hp gia ng ngha v c php d liu l nh sau. tng ng dng thng tin c biu din di dng mt c php tru tng lin quan n cc kiu d liu v gi tr d liu. C php tru tng ny c t mt cch hnh thc d liu, c lp vi mi biu din c th. Do vy, mt c php tru tng c nhiu im ging vi cc kha cnh nh ngha kiu d liu trong cc ngn ng lp trnh qui c nh: Pascal, C.Ada, v cc ng php nh:BNF(Backus-Naur-Form). Cc giao thc tng ng dng m t cc PDU ca chng bng mt c php tru tng. Tng trnh din tng tc vi tng ng dng cng da trn c php tru tng ny. Tng trnh din c nhim v dch thut gia c php tru tng ca tng ng dng v mt c php truyn m t cc gi tr d liu di dng nh phn- thch hp cho vic tng tc dch v phin. Vic dch thut ny c thc hin nh cc quy tc m ha ch r biu din ca mi gi tr d liu thuc mt kiu d liu no . Trc khi s dng mt lin kt tng trnh din trao i d liu th hai thc th trnh din hai u phi tho thun v c php truyn. Sau khi c php truyn c chn th t hp c php tru tng v c php truyn c xem l bi cnh trnh din c dng trao i d liu. Hai yu cu c bn la chn mt c php truyn l n phi ym tr c php tru tng tng ng. Ngoi ra ,c php truyn c th c cc thuc tnh khc khng lin quan g n c php tru tng m n ym tr. Tng ng dng Tng ng dng l ranh gii gia mi trng kt ni cc h thng m v cc tin trnh ng dng .Cc tin trnh ng dng s dng mi trng OSI trao i d liu trong qu trnh thc hin ca chng. L tng cao nht trong m hnh OSI 7 tng, tng ng dng c mt s c im khc vi tng di n. Trc ht, n khng cung cp cc dch v cho mt tng trn nh trong trng hp ca cc tng khc. Theo , tng ng dng khng c khi nim im truy cp dch v tng ng dng.

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ISO nh ngha mt tin trnh ng dng l mt phn t trong mt h thng m thc hin vic x l thng tin cho mt ng dng c th.Cc tin trnh ng dng thuc cc h thng m khc nhau mun trao i thng tin phi thng qua tng ng dng. Tng ng dng bao gm cc thc th ng dng, cc thc th ny dng cc giao thc ng dng v cc dch v trnh din trao i thng tin. Nh vy cc thc th ng dng cung cp cc tin trnh ng dng cc phng tin cn thit truy cp mi trng OSI. Tuy nhin, tng ng dng ch yu ch gii quyt vn ng ngha ch khng gii quyt vn c php nh tng trnh din.

CHNG V. NGN NG PL/SQL.

I. Tng quan v Procedure Language/Structured Query Language(PL/SQL). PL/SQL c nhiu u im so vi ngn ng lp trnh khc v mt qun l logic v h tr cc quy lut hot ng ca cc ng dng c s d liu. l mt ngn ng d hiu vi cc cu trc logic chung kt hp vi mt ngn ng lp trnh v nhiu mt khc m cc ngn ng khc khng c nh trnh qun l li rt mnh v s module ho cc khi m lnh. M PL/SQL c s dng giao tip vi c s d liu cng c lu tr trc tip trong c s d liu Oracle, v l ngn ng lp trnh duy nht giao tip vi Oracle mt cch t nhin bn trong mi trng c s d liu.

II. CU TRC CHNG TRNH PL/SQL. II.1. S module ho:

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Declare begin exec get_it; A:=fcnt(5) End;

Cc khi PL/SQL II.2 CC THNH PHN CA MT KHI PL/SQL. Bt k mt khi PL/SQL no cng c ba thnh phn: Phn Khai bo bin. Phn thc thi . Phn x l exception. VD: Declare So NUMBER;/* Khai bo bin*/ Begin /*Phn thc thi*/ If (so> 3) Then DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(Hello, World); Else RAISE bad_data; End If; Exceptions /*X l exception*/ When bad_data Then DBMS_PUTLINE(Error condition); End; II.3 CC KIU D LIU NUMBER: cha bt k s no. CHAR( size), VARCHAR2(size): dng lu tr cc chui k t s. kiu CHAR thm cc khong trng vo lu tr chiu di. DATE: dng lu tr ngy. LONG: Lu tr cc Text ln, n 2 gigabyte chiu di. LONG RAW: dng lu tr nhng khi d liu ln khun dng nh phn. RAW: Lu tr nhng khi d liu nh hn khun dng nh phn. MLSLABEL: S dng trong Oracle Trusted. ROWID: s dng lu tr khun dng c bit ca ROWID trong c s d liu. BOOLEAN: Lu tr gi tr True/false. TABLE/RECORD: Cc bng c th s dng lu cc gi tr tng ng vi mt dy, cc record lu cc bin c kiu d liu composite. II.4. IU KHIN LUNG X L PL/SQL. 1. Cc vng lp:

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Loop-exit: L vng lp n gin nht trong PL/SQL. T kho loop nh ngha bt u ca khi m lnh s c lp li, end loop ch nh kt thc vng lp.T kho exit ch nh thot khi vng lp. VD: Declare My_leg NUMBER:=0; My_hypotenuse NUMBER:=0; BEGIN LOOP My_leg:=my_leg+1; Execute find_hypotenuse(my_leg,my_leg,my_hypotenuse); If my_leg=25 Then EXIT; END IF; END LOOP; END; Vng lp While-Loop:tng ng loop-exit. Vd: Decclare So1 NUMBER:=0; So 2 NUMBER:=0; Kq NUMBER:=0; BEGIN While ( So1<10) and (So 2<20) Loop Kq:=So1+So2; End Loop; END; Vng lp For-loop VD: Declare So1 NUMBER:=0; BEGIN For So1 IN 1..25 Loop Execute Tinh(So1,So1); End Loop; END; 2. LP TRNH VI CON TR( CURSOR). C hai loi : Cursor ngm v Cursor tng minh. Cursor tng minh c t tn bi nh pht trin ng dng. N chnh l mt lnh select c t tn. Bt k lnh no cng c th s dng trong mt cursor tng minh bng cch s dng c php. Cursor cursor_name is. 1) X L EXCEPTION. Ba loi Exception trong PL/SQL l: Predefined Exceptions: tin ch vic x l li trong PL/SQL, Oracle thit k mt s Exception xy dng sn tc l cc predefined exception.

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Nhng exception ny c s dng x l nhng tnh hung chung c th xy ra trong c s d liu. User- defined Exceptions:Ngoi cc Predefined Exception c th to ra cc User defined Exception qun l cc tnh hung xut hin trong m lnh. Khng nh cc predefined exception xy ra ngm khi iu kin li tng ng pht sinh, mt user defined exception cn c m lnh tng minh trong PL/SQL. sinh ra. Cn c m lnh trong ba phn ca mt khi PL/SQL . Cc phn m lnh yu cu c m t nh sau: Khai bo exception: Trong phn khai bo ca khi PL/SQL, tn exception cn phi khai bo. Tn ny s s dng yu cu exception trong phn thc thi nu cc iu kin ca exception xy ra. Kim tra exception: Trong phn thc thi ca mt khi PL/SQL, cn c m lnh kim tra tng minh cc iu kin li user-defined gi exception nu iu kin c tha. X l Exception: Trong phn exception handler ca khi PL/SQL, cn c mt mnh c bit when gi tn exception v m lnh cn thc hin nu exception xy ra. 2) EXCEPTION_INIT PRAGMA. Lnh pragma cho php nh pht trin ng dng khai bo mt li c nh s kt hp vi mt exception c t tn trong khi. Vic dng ny cho php dng m lnh x l cc li cha c x l r rng. 4. CH NH CC EXCEPTION CHUNG(COMMON EXCEPTION). Mt s predefined exception: invalid_cursor: Xy ra khi ng mt cursor khng m. cursor_already_open: Xy ra khi m mt cursor cha ng. dup_val_on_index:Xm phm rng buc unique hay primary key. no_data_found: Khng c hng no c chn hay thay i bi tc v SQL. too_many_rows: Nhn c hn mt hng bi mt subquery mt hng hay trong mt lnh SQL m Oracle mong i mt hng. zero_divide: Chia cho khng. rowtype_mismatch: Cc kiu d liu ca record m d liu t cursor c gn khng tng thch. invalid_number: Mt chui cc k s c tham tr nh mt s. 5. M HO TRNH X L LI. Mi user-defined exception trong phn khai bo v thc thi ca mt khi PL/SQL nn c mt exception handler kt hp vit cho n. Cch tt nht x l mt exception l gi tn n r rng khi s dng mnh when trong khi exception ca chng trnh PL/SQL. Exception handler c l l mt thnh tu ln nht t c bng cch s dng PL/SQL vit cc store procedure trong Oracle. Tnh linh hot v d dng gip n gin ho vic pht trin nhng chng trnh ln CHNG IV: PHNG PHP LUN PHN TCH THIT K H THNG. I. Phng php phn tch c cu trc.

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Phng php phn tch c cu trc,tri qua thi gian chng t c tnh kinh in ca n. N l phng php dung d, khng cu k nh mt s phng php khc, d p dng, nhng li rt hu hiu. Ngy nay n cha lc hu, m vn cn pht huy tc dng tt. Bng chng l mt h thng ln v hin i nh ORACLE vn tip s dng n. I.1 Phng php phn tch h thng v chc nng. l phng php SA(Structured Analysis) do De Macro v nhng nhng ngi khc nh (Yourdon, Constatine) a ra nm 70 nhng vn cn pht huy tc dng cho n ngy nay. N vn l nn tng ca nhng phn mm tr gip phn tch , thit k ni ting nh Designer 2000 ca ORACLE. Cng c chnh l biu lung d liu. I.1.1 Biu phn cp chc nng. L mt loi biu din t s phn r dn dn cc chc nng t i th n chi tit. Mi nt trong biu l mt chc nng, v quan h duy nht gia cc chc nng, din t bi cc cung ni lin cc nt, l quan h bao hm. Nh vy biu phn cp chc nng l mt cu trc cy. c im ca biu phn cp chc nng l: Cho mt cch nhn khi qut ,d hiu, t i th n chi tit v cc chc nng, nhim v cn thc hin. D thnh lp, bng cch phn r dn cc chc nng t trn xung. C tnh cht tnh, bi chng ch cho thy cc chc nng m khng cho thy trnh t x l. Thiu vng s trao i thng tin gia cc chc nng. V nhng c im k trn m biu phn cp chc nng thng c s dng lm m hnh chc nng trong bc u phn tch, hoc cho cc h thng n gin. Nu h thng l phc tp th m hnh chc nng di dng biu phn cp chc nng l qu s lc v cc thiu st nu trn trong hai c im cui trn l khng th chm chc c. Lc ngi dng biu lung d liu thay cho biu phn cp chc nng. I.1.2 Biu lung d liu. Biu lung d liu(BLD) l mt loi biu nhm mc ch din t mt qu trnh x l thng tin vi cc yu cu sau: S din t l mc logic, ngha l nhm tr li cu hi Lm g, m b qua cu hi Lm th no?. Ch r cc chc nng con phi thc hin hon tt qu trnh x l cn m t. Ch r cc thng tin c chuyn giao gia cc chc nng , v qua phn no thy c trnh t thc hin ca chng. (1) Chc nng: L mt qu trnh bin i d liu( thay i gi tr, cu trc, v tr ca mt d liu, hoc t mt s d liu cho, to ra mt d liu mi). Biu din: Bi hnh trn hoc ovan bn trong c tn chc nng.
Tn chc nng.

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Tn chc nng phi l ng t, c thm b ng nu cn, cho php hiu vn tt chc nng lm g. (2) Cc lung d liu. Lung d liu l mt tuyn truyn dn thng tin vo hay ra mt chc nng no . Biu din: Mt lung d liu c v trong mt BLD di dng mt mi tn, trn c vit tn ca lung d liu.
Tn lung d liu

Tn lung d liu l danh t, km theo tnh ng nu cn, cho php hiu vn tt ni dung d liu c chuyn giao. (3) Kho d liu. Mt kho d liu l mt d liu n hay c cu trc c lu li, c th truy cp nhiu ln v sau. Biu din: Mt kho d liu c v trong BLD di dng hai on thng nm ngang, kp gia tn ca kho d liu. Kho d liu (4) Cc i tc. Mt i tc ( hay tc nhn ngoi, hay im nt) l mt thc th ngoi h thng, c trao i thng tin vi h thng. Biu din: i tc trong biu lung d liu v bng hnh ch nht, bn trong c tn i tc. Tn i tc (5) Tc nhn trong Mt tc nhn trong l mt chc nng hay 1 h con ca h thng, c m t mt trang khc ca m hnh, nhng c trao i thng tin vi cc phn t thuc trang hin ti ca m hnh. Nh vy tc nhn trong xut hin trong biu ch lm nhim v tham chiu. Biu din: Tc nhn trong biu lung d liu c v di dng mt hnh ch nht thiu cnh trn, trong vit tn tc nhn trong ( chc nng hay h thng con).

Tn tc nhn trong Tn tc nhn trong phi l ng t, km theo b ng nu cn. II. Phng php phn tch h thng v d liu.

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M hnh thc /th lin kt E/A(Entity/Association Model) l m hnh d liu do P.P Chen a ra nm 1976 v sau c dng kh ph bin trn th gii. N c u im l kh n gin v gn vi t duy trc quan. M hnh thc th lin kt kinh in. Xut pht t ba khi nim c bn.: Thc th, lin kt, v thuc tnh. Cc gi tr ng s thng dng: : Mt v ch mt. 0..1: khng hay mt. m..n: T m ti n. 0..*: t khng ti nhiu. 1..*: T mt ti nhiu. n hng Biu din ho: -SH-n hng Thc th: -Ngy H

Lin kt:

Giao np

M hnh thc th lin kt m rng. M hnh thc th lin kt hn ch. Tuy b hn ch nhiu v hnh thc din t, nhng li rt gn vi m hnh quan h v do d dng chuyn sang ci t vi h qun tr c s d liu quan h. y l m hnh c dng trong mt s h tr gip thit k CASE, chn hn trong ORACLE. a) Cc hn ch. + i vi kiu lin kt hai ngi dng: m..n p..q

Th ch cn lin kt mt -nhiu, tc l trng hp n=1 v q>1 hoc q=* v c biu din di dng mi sau: A B

III. Phng php thit k h thng. n thc hin theo phng php SD(Structured design) do E. Yourdon v L.Constanie xut. CHNG VI: GII THIU ORACLE DEVELOPER 6.O B Oracle Developer 6.0 bao gm:Form buider, Report buider , Schema buider v Project buider

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I. Form Buider. L cc mu ni vi bng c s d liu nh. Nhng ngi dng s dng Form Buider to cc ng dng cung cp cho ngi s dng u cui truy xut thng tin c lu trong c s d liu. Cc thnh phn ca Form Buider.

Qu trnh nh x d liu t bng vo Form.

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II. Report Buider. Report buider l chng trnh ng dng Oracle Developer, c cng dng to bo biu da trn d liu trong c s d liu, vn c th xem trn mn hnh, in ra tp tin hoc in ln giy. Bo biu c th truy xut d liu bng SQL, thc hin cc php ton trn d liu truy xut, v nh dng kt qu cho ging vi ho n, th mu hoc ti liu thng mi khc. Report buider l khung nhn d liu tnh vo thi im c th xem hoc in c.

III. Graphics buider.

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Graphics buider l chng trnh ng dng Oracle Developer dnh to ha trong c s d liu Oracle chng hn nh: biu trn, biu thanh, biu vch. Oracle graphics buider c th chy nh mt chng trnh ng dng c lp, hoc lng trong form, report.

IV. Query Buider. Query buider l mi trng ha gip vn tin cu lnh SELECT c d dng hn. Thay v phi vit vn tin bng tay, Query buider cho php bn chn bng mun truy vn ri hin th bng v ct lin quan trn mn hnh. Cc lin kt kha ngoi hin th gia cc ct trong bng lin quan. Hin th d liu thng qua truy vn.

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V. Schema buider. L cng c th hin cc relationship gia cc table trong Oracle Developer.

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GVHD:TS Nguyn Ngc Bnh PHN HAI

I. t Vn Hin nay trn th trng tin hc Vit Nam vic p dng tin hc vo cng tc qun l v ang p dng v thu uc nhiu thnh cng bc u. Tuy nhin hu ht l s dng cc chng trnh qun l vit bng h qun tr c s d liu Foxpro, Access,do vi tnh hnh pht trin ca nn kinh t hin nay v vi v tr quan trng ca vic p dng tin hc ho v cng tc qun l th cc chng trnh trn ang ng trc mt s vn kh khn cn c gii quyt. Cc vn l: Kh nng m bo an ton d liu ca Foxpro cn tng i yu. y l tr ngi cn c khc phc v c s d liu ca h qun tr c s d liu Foxpro khng ln nn khng p ng c nhu cu cn lu tr thng tin ln, kh nng bo mt d liu, chnh xc cao p ng uy tn cho cng ty. T nhng kh khn trn yu cu t ra l xy dng chng trnh qun l bn hng ti cng ty VINDA phi tha mn c cc yu cu sau: T ng ho nghip v. Kh nng lu tr ln. T truy xut nhanh. Bo mt Gii quyt vn T nhng phn tch nu trn r rng cc vn pht sinh ch yu l do h qun tr c s d liu Foxpro yu, khng p ng c cc nhu cu mi. Nh vy ch cn thay i h qun tr c s d liu cng vi vic xy dng phn mm trn h qun tr v la chn m h iu hnh cho ph hp l c th gii quyt c cc vn nu trn. S la chn mt h qun tr c s d liu v mt h iu hnh tng thch cn phi c thc hin mt cch k cng sao cho c li nht. Phn cng Loi my: do yu cu v tc v kh nng lu tr ln nn i hi cu hnh my phi tt. Nh vy ti thiu l loi my Pentium tr ln, ring server th i hi cao hn. Cc my phi c ni mng vi nhau m bo thng nht v thng tin. Phn mm H iu hnh: c ba loi h iu hnh ch yu nh: Novell Netware, NT, UNIX. H iu hnh NT ch chy c trn hai plafform l X86 v Alpha. H iu hnh NT ch h tr cho h thng a x l n 8 CPU, ch qun l b nh ln ti Gb. H iu hnh UNIX c th chy trn ba plaform l X86, SPARTC, PPC. UNIX c th h tr cho h thng x l ln n 128 CPU v c kh nng qun l b nh ln n TGb. UNIX cn h tr unlimited uer ngha l ch cn mt bn UNIX/Solaris l c th ci t cho c h thng. Ngoi ra UNIX cn c LINUX l h iu hnh m ngun m rt tin dng. H qun tr c s d liu: hin nay th trng tin hc c cc h qun tr c s d liu quan h nh:FOXPRO, ACCESS, SQL Server,

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OracleTuy nhin ch c hai loi l SQL Server v Oracle c th gii quyt vn trn. i vi SQL server : im hn ch ca SQL Server l ch chy c trn mt h iu hnh duy nht l NT do khi la chn SQL Server th phi chn h iu hnh NT. Trong khi NT ch chy c trn hai plafform l X86 v Alpha v ch qun l ti a ln n Gb, y chnh l im yu ca h iu hnh NT. i vi ORACLE: y l h qun tr c s d liu rt mnh v tin li, n c th chy trn 80 h iu hnh khc nhau t Laptop n Mainframe. Tuy nhin trong s cc h iu hnh ny th h UNIX dng Solaris c u th hn c v n c th chy trn ba plafform l X86, SPARTC, PC v hn na n rt ph hp cho mng WAN. Ring Oracle cn c mt s u im: Cho php chia s dng d liu Refesh trc khi update Qui nh timeout khi ngi s dng qu lu hay trong tnh trng dealock th t ng relase X l d liu ln n 5 TGb Cho php x l d liu song song Cung cp nhiu cung c h tr( Design Development tools, Design 2000) Cho php c ch phn tn d liu hay tp trung d liu Qua cc hng gii quyt trn th ti ngh nn chn h iu hnh UNIX v h qun tr c s d liu l Oracle. Tuy nhin do Oracle c c ch phn tn d liu nn chng ta c mt s cch ci t chng trnh nh sau: Ci t d liu trn nhiu Server, y chnh l hnh thc phn tn d liu thc s. Vi cch ci t nh th ny th i hi ng truyn phi tht tt, tt nht l s dng cp quang. Tuy nhin vi ng truyn bng cp quang th chi ph lp t v bo tr rt t. iu ny lm cho chi ph ca d n tng ln rt cao do cch gii quyt ny khng kh thi. Ci t d liu trn nhiu Server. Mi server c d liu ring cho mnh v bn sao d liu( s nh x d liu) ca tt c cc server khc. Nh vy sau mt khon thi gian quy nh th phi tin hnh cp nht (refresh) li thng tin ton b thng tin c thng nht .Vi cch gii quyt ny th thng tin lu tr khng c thng nht ti mt thi im,c nhiu khi mu thun c th gy thit hi cho cng ty. Ci t d liu trn mt Server duy nht, y c th coi l d liu tp trung. Khi cc trm khc mun trao i trn d liu th phi thng qua mt user no do ngi qun tr c s d liu to ra. Vi mi mt user s c mt s quyn nht nh, cc quyn ny do ngi qun tr c s d liu quy nh. Vi cch gii quyt ny c th ni thng tin s c thng nht mt cch tuyt i. Kt hp gia tp trung v phn tn d liu, d liu s tp trung ti mi trung tm, cc server ph thao tc d liu ti trung tm m c quyn s dng. Ti trung tm va cha d liu ca mnh v bn sao ca trung tm khc. Tm li gii php chn l:

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H iu hnh UNIX dng Solaris H qun tr c s d liu Oracle vi c ch d liu tp trung kt hp vi phn tn d liu Mng s ci t l WAN. Kho st hin trng. Cng ty thp VinDa (A4-E23-F2-Qun Tn Bnh-TPHCM) l cng ty kinh doanh tng i ln. Gn y b phn k ton bn hng ti cng ty t ra bt cp. V vy c yu cu ci tin qun l b phn ny. Nhim v c bn. Khi b phn nghip v c yu cu mua hng, b phn k ton bn hng ti cng ty phi thc hin mua hng t nh cung cp p ng kp thi bn hng cho khch hng. C cu t chc. B phn k ton bn hng ti cng ty gm: B phn bn hng v b phn mua hng B phn mua hng m nhn vic t hng da trn d tr ca b phn nghip v a ra. B phn ny c dng mt my tnh trong c dng mt chng trnh lu tr nhng thng tin ca ngi cung cp (bao gm tn ngi cung cp, a ch ngi cung cp v nhng thng tin lin quan) gip chn ngi cung cp, lm n hng v theo di s hon tt ca n hng mt cch d dng hn . Ngoi ra cn c t kim tra.,v hai my tnh hai b phn trn l khng tng thch vi nhau nn khng ni ghp vi nhau c. T ny c nhim v kim tra cc sai xt v hng v tin khiu ni vi nh cung cp nhm chnh li cho ng. B phn bn hng c trch nhim lm ho n, phiu xut hng, giao hng cho khch hng v tin hng thanh ton vi khch hng. B phn ny c mt my tnh (my n) trong dng chng trnh qun l tt c cc mt hng ca cng ty gip vic qun l tt hn. Quy trnh x l v cc loi d liu x l: Qua kho st ta thy quy trnh lm vic cng cc loi chng t giao dch s dng trong quy trnh nh sau: Khi c nhu cu v hng, b phn nghip v s lp mt bn d tr gi cho b phn mua hng, trong c cc mt hng c yu cu, vi cc s lng yu cu tng ng. B phn mua hng trc ht chn nh cung cp t mua cc mt hng ni trn. Mun vy, n dng my tnh tm cc thng tin v cc ngi cung cp c lu trong tp tin ngi cung cp. Sau thng lng vi nh cung cp (trc tip hoc gin tip). Khi tha thun xong dng h chng trnh n hng in mt n hng. Cc thng tin trn n hng c lu li theo di trong tp tin n hng, cn n hng in ra th gi ti ngi cung cp. tin theo di ngi ta p dng nguyn tc: mi khon t hng trn mt n hng gii quyt trn vn mt khon yu cu v mt mt hng trn mt bn d tr. Tuy nhin mt n hng ,gm nhiu khon, c th p ng yu cu ca nhiu bn d tr khc nhau. Ngc li cc khon yu cu trn mt bn d tr li c th phn b ln nhiu n hng khc nhau, gi n cc nh cung cp khc nhau. Nh cung cp, cn c trn n hng, s chuyn n cc kho, km

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phiu giao hng. Hng a vo kho, cn thng tin trn phiu giao hng cng a im ct hng c lu vo my tnh, trong tp tin Phiu NHN HNG. Trn phiu giao hng, mi mt hng c giao u c ghi r s hiu n hng t mt hng . gii quyt vn ny, hng tun t nhn hng s dng h chng trnh NHN HNG, in mt danh sch nhn hng trong tun, gi cho t kim tra, vi ni dung :S Hiu(SH) giao hng- Tn Nh Cung Cp(NCC)- S Hiu(SH) mt hng- S Lng (SL) nhn- S Hiu(SH) n hng. Mt khc, hng tun, t t hng s dng h chng trnh t hng(H), in ra mt danh sch t hng trong tun, gi cho t kim tra vi ni dung sau: M S(MS) n hng- Tn NCC- S Hiu(SH) mt hng- S lng t- S Hiu(SH) d tr- Tn Kho. B phn kim tra khp hai danh sch ny, tm ra m S n hng v S Hiu mt hng chung v t xc nh lng hng no l cn pht v cho cc kho no. T kim tra cn tip nhn ho n t nh cung cp gi n, i chiu vi hng nhn, nu chnh xc th chi ln ho n v gi i thanh ton thuc phng ti chnh. Nu pht hin c s khng n khp gia hng t- hng nhn v tin phi tr th t kim tra khiu ni vi nh cung cp chnh sa li. i vi khch hng khi mua hng t cng ty phi c n hng chuyn n theo mu in sn bao gm: phn u l nhng thng tin y v mt khch hng , phn th hai l danh sch mt hng t mua ,s lng ,n gi tng loi,v ngy nhn hng . n t hng c a n b phn nghip v xem xt. Nu khch hng cn n tr hn qu 1 s tin quy nh th b phn nghip v t chi bn hng. Khi t hng c th khch hng t mt s tin no .Ngi ta tin hnh kim tra n hng ca khch xem c hp l hay khng. Nu hp l th n c p ng ngay v chuyn cho khch giy bo ch hng ngc li bo cho khch bit chnh sa li. Sau ngi ta lp ho n v phiu xut bn hng cho khch. Mt phiu xut giao hng v mt ho n chuyn cho khch. Khch hng nhn phiu giao hng s n thanh ton ti phng ti chnh ca cng ty. Khi khch hng tr tin, b phn k ton xut 1 phiu nhn tin trn ghi y thng tin v khch hng, s tin v ngy tr. Hng ngy b phn Nghip V xem xt cc n t hng so snh hng tn kho lm giy bo nhn hng cho khch v t hng t nh cung cp khi lng hng tn vt mc tn ti thiu. ng thi b phn nghip v cng xem xt tnh hnh cng n lm giy bo n cho khch hng Nhng kh khn hin ti ca cng ty. Thiu: Thiu mt kho hng d tr cc mt hng thng dng v r tin. u t cho mt kho nh th khng tn km my. Km: Chu trnh qu lu, do khu ch i a ch pht hng . Kim tra khng cht, sai st hng-tin. Tn: Tn nhn lc khu i chiu v kim tra bng tay.

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II.

PHN TCH H THNG.

II.1. Phn tch h thng v chc nng II.1.1. Biu phn cp chc nng.

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QN L BN HNGMUA HNG

BN HNG

MUA HNG

Lm Ho n v phiu xut

Kim tra n hng

Giao hng

Thanh ton

t hng

Lm sc

Kim tra

Nhn hng

In n hng

Chn ngi CC

Theo di thc hin n hng

In danh sch n hng

Khp n hng vi hng v

Lm danh sch a ch pht hng

Ghi nhn hng v theo n hng

Khp n hng c hng v v ho n

In phiu pht hng

In danh sch hng v

Ghi nhn hng v

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II.1.2. Biu lung d liu: II.1.3. Biu lung d liu mc bi cnh.

n khng hp l tin

Giy bo ch hng

Hng hay ho n sai

KHCH HNG
n hng

NH CUNG CP

n hng Khch

Thng lng

Giy bo ch hng

Phiu giao hng

QUN L BN HNGMUA HNG

phiu giao hng

Ho n thanh ton

Tin

D tr

NGHIP V

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c t chc nng:QUN L BN HNG-MUA HNG. u : Tn chc nng: QUN L BN HNG-MUA HNG. u vo: Thng lng, phiu giao hng, ho n, d tr, n hng khch hng, tin khch hng. u ra: Tin , n khng hp l, phiu giao hng, giy bo ch hng, ho n khch hng, hng hay ho n sai, n hng. Thn: Khi nhn c d tr t b phn nghip v, b phn qun l bn hng- mua hng s thng lng vi nh cung cp thc hin mua hng thng qua n hng. Nu n hng l hp l th nh cung cp s chuyn phiu giao hng v ho n thanh ton ngc li bo nh cung cp bit l hng hay ho n sai. B phn qun l bn hng-mua hng s chuyn tin ti nh cung cp i vi khch hng khi mua hng phi c n hng chuyn ti. Nu n hng khch l hp l th chuyn phiu giao hng cho khch v giy bo ch hng cng vi ho n chuyn hng cho khch ngc li n hng l khng hp l phi bo cho khch bit chnh sa kp thi.

SVTH: Hu B

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II.1.4 Biu lung d liu mc nh.

n hng khch khng hp l Phiu giao hng Khch hng Phiu giao hng nh cung cp

KHCH HNG

NH CUNG CP

Tin Ho n khch

n hng Thng lng

Hng hay ho n sai

n hng khch

tin

Giy bo ch hng

BN HNG 1 Kho hng

MUA HNG 2

Ho n thanh ton

d tr

NGHIP V

SVTH: Hu B

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u : Tn chc nng: BN HNG. u vo: Kho hng, n hng khch. u ra: Phiu giao hng, Giy bo ch hng, n hng khch khng hp l, Ho n khch. Thn : Khi khch hng cn mua hng vic u tin l chun b ho n mua hng chuyn n b phn bn hng. Nu trong kho cn hng th bo cho khch giy bo ch hng v ho n v km phiu giao hng ngc li bo n hng khng hp l cho khch kp thi chnh sa. c t chc nng 2. u : Tn chc nng: MUA HNG. u vo: D tr, thng lng, phiu giao hng. u ra: Tin , n hng, hng hay ho n sai, thng lng, kho hng. Thn: B phn nghip v khi thy hng trong kho ht s xut mt bn d tr gi ti b phn mua hng. B phn ny thng lng vi nh cung cp c chn mua hng. Nu thng lng mua hng thnh cng th chun b n hng gi ti nh cung cp,Nh cung cp cn c trn n hng s chuyn n cng ty km phiu giao hng. Khi mua hng hon tt b phn mua hng s chuyn tin ti nh cung cp . Ngc li bo hng hay ho n sai nh cung cp kp thi chnh sa.

SVTH: Hu B

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II.1.5 Biu lung d liu mc di nh.

Phn r chc nng 1.
Phiu giao hng xc nhn n hng khch khng hp l

Tin

KHCH HNG

n hng khch

Km tra n hng 1.4

Giy bo ch hng

Hng+ phiu giao hng Kho hng

n hp l

Lm ho n v phiu xut 1.2

Ho n Giao hng 1.1 Phiu giao hng Thanh ton 1.3

c t chc nng 1.1 u : Tn chc nng: GIAO HNG. u vo: Hng ho , phiu giao hng xc nhn. u ra: Hng, phiu giao hng. Thn: Nu nhn c phiu giao hng xc nhn v hng ho th chuyn hng v phiu giao hng cho khch hng.

SVTH: Hu B

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c t chc nng 1.2. u : Tn chc nng: LM HO N V PHIU XUT. u vo: n hp l. u ra: Phiu giao hng. Thn: Nu n l hp l th lm phiu xut hng.

c t chc nng 1.3. u : Tn chc nng: THANH TON. u vo: Tin, ho n , phiu giao hng. u ra: Phiu xc nhn thanh ton trong ho n khch. Thn: Thc hin thanh ton tin, ho n , phiu giao hng. c t chc nng 1.4. u : Tn chc nng: Kim tra n hng. u vo: n hng khch. u ra: n hng khch sai, giy bo ch hng, n hp l. Thn: Khi tip nhn n hng khch nu n hp l th bo cho khch ch v lm ho n , phiu xut hng ngc li bo cho khch bit l n hng sai. Phn r chc nng 2.

SVTH: Hu B

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Thng lng mua hng n hng NCC

t Hng 2.1

NGI CUNG CP

sc

d tr Danh sch n hng

Nghip v

Xc nhn chi

Kim tra 2.3

Lm sc 2. 4

Ho n

Hng hay ho n sai Phiu giao hng

Danh sch hng v

a ch pht hng

Nhn hng 2.2

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c t chc nng 2.1. u : Tn chc nng: H u vo: Thng lng mua hng, d tr. u ra: n hng, danh sch n hng, thng lng mua hng, xc nhn chi. Thn: chc nng ny thc hin vic t hng t nh cung cp. Nu thng lng mua hng t nh cung cp thnh cng v nhn nhn c d tr t nh cung cp th chuyn n hng ti nh cung cp v danh sch n hng kim tra.

c t chc nng 2.2 u : Tn chc nng: NHN HNG. u vo: Phiu giao hng, a ch pht hng. u ra:Danh sch hng v, phiu pht hng. Thn: Nu nhn c phiu giao hng t nh cung cp, v a ch pht hng t b phn kim tra th chuyn phiu pht hng n b phn nghip v v danh sch hng v kim tra. c t chc nng 2.3. u : Tn chc nng: KIM TRA. u vo :Ho n, danh sch hng v, danh sch n hng. u ra: Hng hay ho n sai, a ch pht hng, xc nhn chi. Thn: Nu nhn c ho n ,danh sch hng v, v danh sch n hng th pht a ch pht hng n b phn nhn hng lm phiu xc nhn chi thng bo cho nh cung cp bit hng hay ha n sai.

SVTH: Hu B

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c t chc nng 2.4. u : Tn chc nng: LM SC. u vo: Xc nhn chi. u ra: Sc. Thn: Nu nhn c phiu xc nhn chi th lm sc a ti nh cung cp. Phn r chc nng 2.1.
Thng lng mua hng

Chn ngi cung cp

DT/H

Nh cung cp n hng

2.1.1

Nh CC

d tr + ngi cung cp + SH n

In n hng 2.1.2

d tr

n Hng

Nghip v Theo di thc hin n hng 2.1.4

In danh sch n hng 2.1.3

Bn ghi tr tin Danh sch n hng Lm sc

Kim tra

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c t chc nng 2.1.1. u : Tn chc nng: CHN NGI CUNG CP. u vo:Thng lng mua hng, Nh CC, d tr. u ra:D tr+ Ngi CC+ SH n. Thn: Nu nhn c d tr t b phn nghip v , thng tin v nh cung cp , v tin hnh thng lng mua hng t nh cung cp thnh cng th chuyn d tr + SH n +ngi cung cp in n hng.

c t chc nng 2.1.2. u : Tn chc nng: IN N HNG. u vo: d tr Nh cung cp + S hiu n. u ra: n hng. Thn : Nu nhn c d tr Nh cung cp v S hiu n th chuyn n hng n nh cung cp .

c t chc nng 2.1.3. u : Tn chc nng: IN DANH SCH N HNG. u vo: n hng. u ra: Danh sch n hng. Thn: Khi c nhu cu v danh sch n hng th in danh sch n hng.

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c t chc nng 2.1.4. u : Tn chc nng: THEO DI THC HIN N HNG. u vo: n hng, bn ghi tr tin. u ra: n hng. Thn: Nu nhn c bn ghi tr tin t b phn lm sc th theo di thc hin n hng. Phn r chc nng 2.2 Kho
phiu pht hng

Kim tra

Nh cung cp
phiu giao hng

a ch pht hng

Danh sch hng v

Phiu nhn hng

In phiu pht hng 2.2.3

In danh sch hng v 2.2.2

Ghi nhn hng v 2.2.1

c t chc nng 2.2.1. u : Tn chc nng: GHI NHN HNG V. u vo: Phiu giao hng. u ra: Phiu nhn hng. Thn: Nu nhn c phiu giao hng th tin hnh ghi nhn hng v vo phiu nhn hng.

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c t chc nng 2.2.2. u : Tn chc nng: IN DANH SCH HNG V u vo: Phiu nhn hng. u ra: Danh sch hng v. Thn: Nu nhn c phiu nhn hng th tin hnh in danh sch hng v kim tra. c t chc nng 2.2.3. u : Tn chc nng: IN PHIU PHT HNG. u vo: a ch pht hng, phiu nhn hng. u ra: Phiu pht hng. Thn: Nu nhn c a ch pht hng t b phn kim tra th tin hnh in phiu pht hng

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Phn r chc nng 2.3.

Danh sch n hng H H H NH
Danh sch hng v Hng v sai vi t hng

Khp n hng vi hng v 2.3.1

Ha n sai vi hng v n hng c hng v d tr c hng v

Nh CC

Ho n

a ch pht hng.

Ghi nhn hng v theo n hng 2.3.3 Lm danh sch a ch pht hng 2.3.2

Khp n hng c hng v vi ho n. 2.3.4

Ho n xc nhn chi

n hng

Lm Sc

c t chc nng 2.3.1 u : Tn chc nng: KHP N HNG VI HNG V. u vo: danh sch n hng, hng v sai vi t hng, danh sch hng v. Thn: Nu nhn danh sch n hng t h H v dang sch hng v t h NH cng vi hng sai vi t hng t nh cung cp th a n hng c hng v ghi nhn hng v theo n hng v a d tr c hng v lm danh sch a ch pht hng.

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u : Tn chc nng: LM DANH SCH A CH PHT HNG. u vo: d tr c hng v. u ra: a ch pht hng. Thn: Nu nhn c d tr c hng v th pht a ch pht hng n h Nhn hng.

c t chc nng 2.3.2 u : Tn chc nng: GHI NHN HNG V THEO N HNG. u vo: n hng c hng v. u ra: n hng. Thn: Nu nhn c n hng c hng v th ghi nhn hng v theo n hng . c t chc nng 2.3.4 u : Tn chc nng: KHP N HNG C HNG V. u vo: ho n sai vi hng v, ho n. u ra: ho n xc nhn chi. Thn: Nu nhn c ho n ho n sai vi hng v t nh cung cp th chuyn ho n xc nhn chi n b phn lm sc. Sau khi tin hnh phn tch h thng ta thy tn ti mt s chc nng vt l m ta c th b ra khi h thng. Kt qu t biu lung d liu vt l mc nh ta c biu lung d liu logic mc nh.

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Thng lng mua hng Lm n hng

n Ho n sai vi hng v

Nh cung cp

Ho n thanh ton tin

d tr +Ngi CC Chn nh cung cp. n hng

Khp ho n vi hng v Xc nhn chi

Ho n DT/H d tr

Thanh ton Khp n hng vi hng v. Nh CC a ch pht hng Lm phiu pht hng Tin khch n hng khch n hng khch sai Giy bo ch hng Phiu giao hng xc nhn Lm ho n v phiu xut Giao hng Kho hng Kim tra n hng Phiu nhn hng Ghi nhn hng v Phiu giao hng

Nghip v

Khch hng

Phiu giao hng+hng

n hp l

Ho n

Phiu giao hng

SVTH: Hu B

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 n Tt Nghip II.2 Phn tch h thng v d liu. II.2.1. M hnh quan nim d liu .
DU TRU -SH-DT -MS-NV -Ngay DT NGHVU -MS-NV -Ten NV

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KHACH HANG -MSKH -Ho KH -Ten KH -DTKH -Email KH -DCKH

DHANG-KH -MSHKH -MSKH -Ngay H

DONG DT -SH-DT -MSMH -Lng DT

P-PHAT-HANG -MS-PPH -Ngay PH -MS-K

DONG -PH -MS-PPH -MSMH -LPH

D-H-KH -MSHKH -MSMH -SL

KHO -MS-K -Ten K - C K

DONG DON HANG-NCC -MSMH -MS-H - Lng t

DONG HOA DON -SH-H -MSMH -Tn HHDV -SL -DG

MAT HANG -MSMH -Ten MH

-n v tnh -Quy cch -n gi mua. -n gi bn.

ONHANG-NCC -MS-H -Ngy H -MSNCC

HOA ON -SH-H -M NCC -Ngy H

NHA CC-MH -M NCC -MSMH -n gi

DONG G-HANG -SH-GH -MSMH - Lng GH.

P-GIAO HANG -SH-GH -M NCC -Ngay GH

NH CC -M NCC. -Ten NCC -Email NCC -DT NCC -DCNCC

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II.2.2 M HNH T CHC D LIU. NHACC(M NCC, Ten NCC, DTNCC, Email NCC, DCNCC). P-GIAO HANG(SH-GH, M NCC, Ngy GH). DONGG-HANG(MSMH, SH-GH, Luong GH). NHACC-MH(M NCC, MSMH, n gi). MATHANG(MSMH,Ten MH, Qui cach, DVT, n gi mua , n gi bn). HOADON(SH-H, M NCC,Ngay H). DONGHOADON(SH-H,MSMH, Ten HHDV, SL, DG). DONHANG-NCC(MS-H,Ngay H, MSNCC). DONGDONHANG-NCC(MSMH, MS-H, Lng t). KHACHHANG(MSKH, Ho KH, Ten KH, DTKH, Email KH). KHO(MS-K,Ten K) DHANG-KH(MSHKH, MSMH, Ngay H). D-H-KH(MSHKH,MSKH,SL). NGHVU(MS-NV, Ten NV). DUTRU(SH-DT, MS-NV, Ngay DT).. DDUTRU(SH-DT, MSMH, Luong DT). P-PHATHANG(MSPPH, Ngay PH). DONG-PH(MSPPH, MSMH, LPH). II.2.3. M HNH VT L D LIU. NHACC(M NCC, Ten NCC, DCNCC, Email NCC, DTNCC) NHACC. Field Name Data type Field Size Validation Rule M NCC(K) CHAR 10 Len()=10 Tn NCC CHAR 50 Len()=50 DCNCC CHAR 50 Len()=50 Email NCC CHAR 30 Len()=30 DTNCC CHAR 20 Len()=20 ngha: M NCC: M s nh cung cp . Ten NCC:Tn nh cung cp. DCNCC: a ch nh cung cp Email NCC:Email Nh cung cp DTNCC: in thoi nh cung cp. P-GIAO HANG(SH-GH,M NCC, Ngy GH) P-GIAO HANG Field Name Data type Field Size Validation Rule SH-GH(K) M NCC Ngy GH ngha: CHAR CHAR DATE 12 10 Len()=12 Lookup(NHACC)

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SH-GH: S hiu phiu giao hng. M NCC: M nh cung cp. Ngy GH: Ngy giao hng. DONG G-HANG(MSMH, SH-GH, Luong GH, MS-H). DONG G-HANG. Field Name Data type Field size Validation rule MSMH(K) CHAR 10 Lookup(MATHANG) SH-GH(K) CHAR 12 Lookup(P-GIAOHANG) MS-H CHAR 12 Lookup(DONHANGNCC) Luong GH NUMBER 15 ngha: MSMH: M s mt hng. SH-GH: S hiu giao hng. Luong GH: S lng giao hng. MS-H: M s n hng nh cung cp. NHACC-MH(M NCC, MSMH, n gi). NHACC-MH. Field name Data type Field size

Validation rule

M NCC(K) CHAR 10 Lookup(NHACC) MSMH(K) CHAR 10 Lookup(MATHANG) n gi NUMBER M NCC: M s nh cung cp. MSMH: M s mt hng. n gi: Gi bn. MATHANG(MSMH,Ten MH, Qui cach, Dg mua VND, Dg ban VND). MATHANG. Field name Data type Field size Validation rule MSMH(K) CHAR 10 Len()=10 Ten MH CHAR 50 Len()=50 Qui cach CHAR 10 Len()=10 n gi mua NUMBER 15 n gi bn NUMBER 15 MSMH:M s mt hng. Ten MH: Tn mt hng. Qui cach:Qui cch tnh Dg mua VND: n gi mua tnh theo Vit Nam ng Dg ban VND: n gi bn tnh theo Vit Nam ng. HOADON(SH-H, M NCC,Ngay H).

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HOADON. Field name Data type Field size Validation rule SH-H(K) CHAR 12 M NCC CHAR 10 Lookup(NHACC) Ngay H DATE ngha: SH-H: M s ho n. M NCC: M nh cung cp. Ngy H: Ngy ghi ln ho n. DONGHOADON(SH-H, MSMH, Ten HHDV, SL). DONGHOADON. Field name Data type Field size Validation rule SH-H(K) CHAR 12 MSMH(K) CHAR 10 Ten HHDV CHAR 20 SL NUMBER ngha: SH-H: M s ho n. M NCC: M s nh cung cp. MSMH: M s mt hng. Ten HHDV: Tn hng ha dch v. SL: S lng t. DONHANG-NCC(MS-H,M NCC,Ngay H). DONHANG-NCC. Field Name Data type Field size MS-H(K) CHAR 12 M NCC CHAR 10 Ngay H DATE ngha: MS-H: M s n hng. M NCC: M nh cung cp. Ngay H: Ngy t hng. DONGDONHANG-NCC(MSMH, MS-H, Lng t). DONGDONHANG-NCC. Field name Data type Field size MSMH(K) CHAR 10 MS-H(K) CHAR 12 Lng t NUMBER Lookup(HOADON) Lookup(MATHANG)

Validation rule Len()=12 Lookup(NHACC)

Validation rule Lookup(MATHANG) Lookup(DONHANGNCC)

SVTH: Hu B

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ngha: MSMH: M s mt hng. MS-H:M s n hng. KHACHHANG(MSKH,Ho KH, Ten KH, DTKH, Email KH, DCKH). KHACHHANG. Field Name Data type Field size Validation rule MSKH(K) CHAR 10 Len()=10. Ho KH CHAR 30 Len()=30 Ten KH CHAR 7 Len()=7 DTKH NUMBER 7 Len()=7 Email KH CHAR 30 Len()=30 DCKH CHAR 50 Len()=50 ngha: MSKH: M s khch hng. Ho KH:H khch hng. Ten KH: Tn khch hng DTKH: in thoi khch hng. Email KH: Email khch hng. DCKH: a ch khch hng. DHANG-KH(MSHKH, MSKH, Ngay H). DHANG-KH. Field Name Data Type Field size MSHKH(K) CHAR 12 MSKH CHAR 10 Ngay H DATE ngha: MSHKH: M s n hng khch hng. MSKH: M s khch hng Ngy H: Ngy t hng. D-H-KH(MSHKH,MSKH,SL). D- H-KH. Field Name Data Type Field size MSHKH(K) CHAR 12 MSMH(K) CHAR 10 SL NUMBER ngha: MSHKH: M s n hng khch hng. MSKH: M s khch hng. SL: S lng t.

Validation rule Len()=12 Lookup(KHACHANG)

Validation rule Lookup(MATHANG)

SVTH: Hu B

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KHO(MS-K, Ten K, a ch) KHO. Field Name Data Type Field size MS-K(K) CHAR 10 Ten K CHAR 40 a ch K CHAR 50 ngha: MS-K: M s kho. Ten K: Tn kho. a ch: a ch ca kho dng cha hng. DUTRU(SH-DT, MS-K, Ngay DT). DUTRU. Field Name Data type Field size SH-DT(K) CHAR 12 MS-NV CHAR 10 Ngay DT DATE ngha: SH-DT: S hiu d tr. MS-NV: M s b phn nghip v. Ngay DT: Ngy d tr. DDUTRU(SH-DT, MSMH, Luong DT). DDUTRU. Field Name Data Type Field Size SH-DT(K) CHAR 12 MSMH(K) CHAR 10 Luong DT NUMBER ngha: SH-DT: S hiu d tr. MSMH: M s mt hng. Luong DT: Lng d tr. P-PHATHANG(MSPPH, Ngay PH, MS-K). P-PHATHANG. Field Name Data type Field Size MSPPH(K) CHAR 12 Ngay PH DATE MS-K CHAR 10 ngha: MSPPH: M s phiu pht hng. Ngay PH: Ngy Pht hng. MS-K:M s kho.

Validation rule Len()=10 Len()=50

Validation rule Lookup(NGHVU)

Validation rule Lookup(DUTRU) Lookup(MATHANG)

Validation rule

Lookup(KHO)

SVTH: Hu B

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DONG-PH(MSPPH, MSMH, LPH). DONG-PH. Field Name Data type Field size MSPPH(K) CHAR 12 MSMH(K) CHAR 10 LPH NUMBER ngha: MSPPH: M s phiu pht hng. MSMH: M s mt hng. LPH:Lng pht hng. Field name Data Type Field size MNV(K) CHAR 8 Ten NV CHAR 20 ngha: MNV: M nghip v. TNV: Tn nghip v.

Validation rule Lookup(PPHATHANG) Lookup(MATHANG)

Validation rule Len()=8 Len()=20

II.3

THIT K H THNG.

II.3.1 PHN CHIA CC H THNG THNH CC H CON.

H thng c phn chia thnh hai h con 1 v 2 bi ng t nt.

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Thng lng mua hng Lm n hng

n hng Ho n sai vi hng v Khp ho n vi hng v

Nh cung cp

Ho n tin

d tr +Ngi CC Chn nh cung cp. n hng

Ho n DT/H d tr HT 2 Khp n hng vi hng v. Nh CC phiu pht hng a ch pht hng Lm phiu pht hng Phiu nhn hng

Xc nhn chi

Thanh ton

Nghip v

Phiu giao hng

Ghi nhn hng v

Tin khch n hng khch n hng khch sai Giy bo ch hng Phiu giao hng xc nhn Kim tra n hng

Khch hng

Phiu giao hng+hng

HT 1 Lm ho n v phiu xut

n hp l

Giao hng

Ho n

Kho hng

Phiu giao hng

SVTH: Hu B

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THIT K GIAO DIN CHNH CA CHNG TRNH.

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SVTH: Hu B

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SVTH: Hu B

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SVTH: Hu B

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THIT K MT S MODULE X L CA CHNG TRNH. (1) Th tc chn thng bo t h thng.

PROCEDURE Chan IS BEGIN :SYSTEM.MESSAGE_LEVEL:=25; END;

(2) Th tc np nh vo Form chnh.

PROCEDURE Nap IS BEGIN SET_WINDOW_PROPERTY(FORMS_MDI_WINDOW,WINDOW_STATE,MAXIMIZE); :Global.project_path:='D:\Totnghiep\cwproject\'; READ_IMAGE_FILE(:Global.project_path||'\Moi.bmp','Bitmap','splash_block.splash_image');

END; (3) Th tc thot khi Form.

PROCEDURE THOAT IS loi EXCEPTION; alert_button NUMBER; BEGIN alert_button:=SHOW_ALERT('THOAT_ALERT'); IF alert_button=ALERT_BUTTON1 THEN EXIT_FORM; COMMIT; ELSE ROLLBACK; END IF; EXCEPTION WHEN loi THEN MESSAGE('Chuong Trinh Bi Loi'); END;

(3) Th tc thm mu tin

PROCEDURE THEM IS alert_button NUMBER; loi EXCEPTION; BEGIN alert_button:=SHOW_ALERT('THEM_ALERT'); IF alert_button=ALERT_BUTTON1 THEN INSERT INTO SCOTT.KHACHHANG VALUES(:MSKH,:HOKH,:TENKH,:DCKH,:DTKH,:EMAILKH); CLEAR_FORM; MESSAGE('BAN DA THEM MOT MAU TIN'); COMMIT; ELSE ROLLBACK; END IF; EXCEPTION WHEN loi THEN MESSAGE('Chuong Trinh Bi loi'); END; (4) Th tc Cp nht mu tin

SVTH: Hu B

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PROCEDURE CAPNHAT IS alert_button NUMBER; loi EXCEPTION; BEGIN alert_button:=SHOW_ALERT('CAPNHAT_ALERT'); IF alert_button=ALERT_BUTTON1 THEN UPDATE SCOTT.KHACHHANG SET HOKH=:HOKH,TENKH=:TENKH,DCKH=:DCKH,DTKH=:DTKH,EMAILKH=:EMAILKH
WHERE MSKH =:MSKH;

MESSAGE('BAN DA CAP NHAT MOT MAU TIN'); COMMIT; ELSE ROLLBACK; END IF; EXCEPTION WHEN loi THEN MESSAGE('Chuong Trinh Bi loi'); END;

(5) Th tc xo mu tin
PROCEDURE XOA IS alert_button NUMBER; loi EXCEPTION ; BEGIN alert_button:=SHOW_ALERT('XOA_ALERT'); IF alert_button=ALERT_BUTTON1 THEN INSERT INTO SCOTT.KHACHHANG1 VALUES(:MSKH,:HOKH,:TENKH,:DCKH, :DTKH,:EMAILKH); DELETE FROM SCOTT.KHACHHANG WHERE MSKH=:MSKH; MESSAGE('BAN DA XOA MOT MAU TIN'); COMMIT; ELSE ROLLBACK; END IF; EXCEPTION WHEN loi THEN MESSAGE('Chuong Trinh Bi loi'); END;

(6) Th tc gi Form
CALL_FORM(:GLOBAL.project_path.KHACHHANG.FMX,HIDE,DO_REPLCAE);

(7) Th tc in bo co

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/* DECLARE dummy_list PARAMLIST; BEGIN

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RUN_PRODUCT(REPORTS,:GLOBAL.project_path||'HOADON.RDF',ASYNCHRONOUS,RUNTIME, FILESYSTEM,dummy_list,NULL); END; */ /* DECLARE dummy_list PARAMLIST; BEGIN RUN_PRODUCT(REPORTS,:GLOBAL.project_path||'DHNCC.rdf',ASYNCHRONOUS,RUNTIME,FILE SYSTEM,dummy_list,NULL); END; */ /* DECLARE dummy_list PARAMLIST; BEGIN RUN_PRODUCT(REPORTS,:Global.project_path||'DHKH.RDF',ASYNCHRONOUS,RUNTIM E,FILESYSTEM,dummy_list,NULL); END; */ /* DECLARE dummy_list PARAMLIST; BEGIN RUN_PRODUCT(REPORTS,:Global.project_path||'PPHANG.RDF',ASYNCHRONOUS,RUNTIME,FILE SYSTEM,dummy_list,NULL); END; */ /* DECLARE dummy_list PARAMLIST; BEGIN RUN_PRODUCT(REPORTS,:GLOBAL.project_path||'PGIAOHANG.RDF',ASYNCHRONOUS,RUNTI ME,FILESYSTEM,dummy_list,NULL); END; */

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III. KT LUN, HNG PHT TRIN N. Hin ti n ang c thit k chy trn my n nhng theo hng m c th pht trin ng dng trn nn Web. Server c th ly d liu trn cc my n thng qua mi trng mng phn tn. V cng l mc ch thit k ca n. Tip tc hon thin mt s chc nng cha ci t Xy dng thm phn Oracle Web Server cho php ngi dng tra cu thng tin t xa. Nhng kt qu t c ca n: Thc hin demo c s d liu c trn my n. Chng trnh chy tng i n nh. Cung cp cho ngi dng mt giao din ha c h thng menu, toolbar,.. Cung cp cc bo co phc v cho vic qun l. Nhng vn tn ti: Cha thc hin c trn mi trng mng. Giao din cn mt s phn cha thn thin vi ngi dng. Font ch cha vit ho hon ton c mt s phn cn ting anh.

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TI LIU THAM KHO [1] Gio Trnh Phn Tch Thit K H Thng Thng Tin. PGS- TS Nguyn Vn Ba-Nh Xut Bn i Hc Gia H Ni- 2003. [2]. De Macro T..,Structured Analysisa and System Specification, Yourdon Press, New York 1989. [3] Weinberg V.., Structured Analysia, Yourdon Press, New York 1978. [4] Oracle 8 VN-Guide- Nh xut Bn Thng k-2003. [5] Gio Trnh L Thuyt V Thc Hnh Oracle Trn Tin Dng-Nh Xut Bn Gio Dc. [6] Special Edition Using Oracle8, 1998, Macmillan Computer Puslishing. [7] Oracle8 Unleased, 1996-1998, The Coriolis Group. [8] Oracle8 How-To,1998, Macmillan Computer Puslishing. [9] SAMS Teach YourSelf Oracle8 in 21 days,1998, Sams Publishing. [10] Oracle Documentation Online,1996-1999, Oracle Corporation. [11] Cc bi vit trong Oracle Magazine, 1997-2000. [12] Bi Ging Mn Hc Nhp Mn Cng Ngh Phn Mm Tin S: Nguyn Ngc Bnh-i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni. [13] Bi ging mn hc C s d liu phn tn Tin s :Nguyn Kim Anh i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni. [14] Nhp Mn C S D Liu Quan H PGS-TS: L Tin Vng- Nh xut bn thng k. [15] Mng My Tnh V Cc H Thng M. GS-TS:Nguyn Thc Hi- Nh Xut Bn Gio Dc-1999.

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