Trần Thị Hoàn: Trƣờng Đại Học Kỹ Thuật Công Nghiệp

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu i hc Thi Nguyn http://www.lrc-tnu.edu.
vn

I HC THI NGUYN
TRNG I HC K THUT CNG NGHIP
------------------------

TRN TH HON

NGHIN CU B BIN I XOAY CHIU MT
CHIU BN GC PHN T

CHUYN NGNH: T NG HA

LUN VN THC S KHOA HC K THUT

NGI HNG DN KHOA HC: PGS.TS BI QUC KHNH

08/2009

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu i hc Thi Nguyn http://www.lrc-tnu.edu.vn

- 1 -
MC LC
MC LC ................................................................................................................................. 1
DANH MC CC K HIU V CC CH VIT TT ................................................... 3
DANH MC CC HNH V ................................................................................................. 4
M U .................................................................................................................................... 7
CHNG 1 PHN TCH NHC IM TRUYN NG T O CHIU ....... 8
1.1. Gii thiu v h truyn ng Thiristo ng c mt chiu (T-) ................. 8
1.1.1. Ch dng lin tc ............................................................................... 9
1.1.2. Hin tng chuyn mch ...................................................................... 11
1.1.3. Ch dng in gin on ................................................................. 13
1.2. Phn tch sng hi bc cao ......................................................................... 16
1.3. Dng in gin on ................................................................................... 19
1.4. Qu trnh o chiu h T- ..................................................................... 21
1.4.1. Mch lc ............................................................................................. 21
1.4.2. Phn tch o chiu .............................................................................. 22
1.5. Kt lun ...................................................................................................... 27
CHNG 2 PHN TCH NGUYN L LM VIC CA CHNH LU BIN IU
RNG XUNG .................................................................................................................. 28
2.1. t vn ................................................................................................... 28
2.2. Cu trc mch lc FQR (Three- phase Four- quadrant PWM rectifier) ...... 28
2.2.1. B lc u vo:..................................................................................... 29
2.2.2. B bin i ........................................................................................... 30
2.3. iu ch vector khng gian ......................................................................... 30
2.3.1. Khi nim vector khng gian v vector chun ....................................... 30
2.3.2. Xy dng phng php iu ch vector khng gian .............................. 33
2.3.2.1. Xc nh vector bin chun ............................................................ 33
2.3.2.2. Xc nh vector i
ref
thuc sector no .............................................. 34
2.3.2.3. Xc nh t s iu bin d
1
, d
2
........................................................ 36
2.3.2.4. Xc nh mu xung cho tng sector ................................................ 38
2.4. Kt lun ...................................................................................................... 46


- 2 -
CHNG 3 NG DNG CHNH LU PWM CHO TRUYN NG O CHIU
NG C MT CHIU ..................................................................................................... 47
3.1. t vn ................................................................................................... 47
3.2. Xy dng cu trc iu khin bn gc phn t FQR (Four Quadrant PWM
Rectifier) cho ng c mt chiu DC ................................................................. 47
3.3. Thit k b iu chnh ................................................................................. 48
3.3.1. ng c mt chiu ................................................................................ 48
3.3.2. Tng hp mch vng dng in ............................................................ 49
3.3.3. S ha b iu chnh .................................................................................................. 52
3.4. iu khin cng sut phn khng v cng sut tc dng ............................. 53
CHNG 4 M PHNG V XY DNG M HNH THC NGHIM ................. 55
4.1. M phng b chnh lu ba pha bn gc phn t .......................................... 55
4.1.1. M hnh m phng chnh lu PWM ...................................................... 55
4.1.2. Kt Qu m phng ................................................................................ 58
4.2. Xy dng m hnh thc nghim ................................................................... 68
4.2.1. Cu trc thc nghim ......................................................................... 68
4.2.1.1. Gii thiu v card iu khin 1104 ca hng dSPACE .................. 70
4.2.1.2. Phn mn Control Desk ................................................................. 71
4.2.1.3.Card giao din v h thng o lng .............................................. 71
4.2.2. Qu trnh thc nghim ti phng th nghim ......................................... 73
4.2.3. Kt qu thc nghim ............................................................................. 74
4.3. Kt lun: ..................................................................................................... 78
TI LIU THAM KHO ...................................................................................................... 79


- 3 -
DANH MC CC K HIU V CC CH VIT TT
i
dc
Gi tr dng in mt chiu
u
dc
Gi tr in p mt chiu
i
ref
Gi tr dng in chnh lu
i
o
, i
|
Thnh phn vector dng in trn h trc ta o|
f Tn s
R
A
in tr phn ng
L
A
in cm phn ng
M ng c mt chiu
e Tc quay ca ng c
e
*
Gi tr tc t
i
sd
Thnh phn vector dng in vo b chnh lu trn h trc ta d - q
i
sq
Thnh phn vector dng in vo b chnh lu trn h trc ta d - q
P Cng sut tc dng
Q Cng sut phn khng
RI Khu iu chnh dng in
Re Khu iu chnh tc
THD H s mo dng dng in
BB B bin i
MBA My bin p
PLL Khi ng pha
LC Mch lc LC
DC ng c mt chiu
ADC B chuyn i tng t s (Analog -to Digital Converter)
I/O Cng vo ra (Input/ Output)
PWM iu ch rng xung (vit tt ca Pulse Width Modulation)
SVM iu bin vector khng gian (vit tt ca Space Vector Modulation)
FQR B chnh lu iu bin rng xung ba pha bn gc phn t (Three-
phase Four- Quadrant PWM Rectifier)


- 4 -
DANH MC CC HNH V
Hnh 1.1 S cu trc h truyn ng Thyristor ng c mt chiu
Hnh 1.2 S ni dy v s thay th ca chnh lu tia ba pha.
Hnh 1.3 Chnh lu hnh tia ba pha.
a) c tnh iu chnh
b) th thi gian.
Hnh 1.4 Hin tng chuyn mch gia cc van
1 2
T T
Hnh 1.5 Quan h gia gc chuyn mch v gc iu khin ng vi cc
dng in chnh lu khc nhau.
Hnh 1.6 Ch dng in gin on v bin lin tc.
Hnh1.7 M hnh chnh lu 3 pha dng Tiristor
Hnh 1.8 Phn tch ph dng in u vo i
A
& i
B
(o = 0
0
)
A
& i
B
(o = 60
0
)
A
& i
B
(o = 90
0
)
Hnh 1.11 nh hng ca m,L khi chnh lu
a) Ba pha hnh tia
b) Ba pha hnh cu
Hnh 1.12 S h T- o chiu dng hai b bin i iu khin ring
Hnh 1.13 M hnh khu LOG
Hnh 1.14 Din bin qu trnh o chiu.
Hnh 1.15 M hnh m phng qu trnh o chiu ng c
Hnh 1.16 c tnh tc (rad/s)
Hnh 1.17 c tnh in p chnh lu Ud
Hnh 1.18 c tnh in p chnh lu Ud giai on o chiu
Hnh 2.1 Cu trc mch chnh lu bn gc phn t
Hnh 2.2 S thay th b bin i bn gc phn
Hnh 2.3 c tnh ca van bn dn l tng
Hnh 2.4 S thay th b bin i hai gc phn t
Hnh 2.5 Vector khng gian dng xoay chiu u vo khi I
dc
> 0
Hnh 2.6 Vector khng gian dng xoay chiu u khi I
dc
< 0


- 5 -
Hnh 2.7 Lc la chn sect
Hnh 2.8 Vector dng in v thi gian ng ct mi van trong sector 1
Hnh 3.1 Cu trc iu khin FQR
Hnh 3.2 S nguyn l ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp.
Hnh 3.3 M hnh ng c mt chiu kch t c lp
Hnh 3.4 S cu trc mch vng dng in.
Hnh 3.5 S cu trc mch vng tc .
Hnh 3.6 Khu iu chnh PI s
Hnh 3.7 Mi lin h gia cc thnh phn trong ta quay
Hnh 4.1 M hnh m phng
Hnh 4.2 M hnh mch lc.
Hnh 4.3 Khi pht xung PWM
Hnh 4.4 Khi chuyn v ta abc dq
Hnh 4.5 Khi chuyn v ta dq
Hnh 4.6 Cu trc chi tit khi tnh chn gc theta
Hnh 4.7 c tnh tc ng c
Hnh 4.8 c tnh dng in u vo
Hnh 4.9 Phn tch ph dng in u vo sau lc LC
Hnh 4.10 c tnh in p u vo
Hnh 4.11 Gc chuyn v cho h ta quay
Hnh 4.12 c tnh in p mt chiu.
Hnh 4.13 c tnh in p mt chiu lc o chiu
Hnh 4.14 c tnh dng in mt chiu
Hnh 4.15 c tnh m men ng c
Hnh 4.16 c tnh tc ng c giai on c o chiu
Hnh 4.17 c tnh dng in u vo


- 6 -
Hnh 4.18 Phn tch ph dng in u vo sau lc LC
Hnh 4.19 c tnh in p u vo
Hnh 4.21 c tnh in p mt chiu.
Hnh 4.22 c tnh in p mt chiu lc n nh
Hnh 4.23 c tnh dng in mt chiu
Hnh 4.24 c tnh m men ng c
Hnh 4.25 Cu trc thc nghim tng qut
Hnh 4.26 M hnh thc nghim
Hnh 4.27 Ngun cp cho s cp MBA xung
Hnh 4.28 Nguyn l ca mch ngun cho mt driver
Hnh 4.29 Nguyn l driver pht xung cho van MOSFET
Hnh 4.30 Cu trc R&D DS1104M hnh cu trc
Hnh 4.31 Giao din ca card ds1104 vi ngoi vi
Hnh 4.32 Giao din in hnh dng DS1104
Hnh 4.32 Mi lin h gia cc phn mm iu khin
Hnh 4.34 M hnh thc nghim chnh lu
Hnh 4.35 Ba pha mch chnh lu.
Hnh 4.36 Mt pha ca mch chnh lu
Hnh 4.37 Giao din theo di cc tn hiu v tham s
Hnh 4.38 c tnh tc
Hnh 4.40 in p u vo
Hnh 4.41 Dng xung cho 6 van
Hnh 4.42 Tn hiu vo v tn hiu m van


- 7 -
M U
Ngy nay vi s pht trin nhanh chng ca khoa hc k thut v cng ngh
trn th gii, Vit Nam ang tng ngy hi nhp vi nn kinh t th gii v tip
nhn nhng thnh tu mi nht ca khoa hc v cng ngh. c bit trong ngnh
cng nghip in t, cc thit b in t cng sut c sn xut ngy cng nhiu.
V cc ng dng ca n trong cng nghip v i sng hng ngy pht trin ht sc
mnh m.
Hin nay, vic iu khin ng c mt chiu thng s dng b bin i
Tiristor truyn thng: Xung p mt chiu, chnh lu tiristor vi nhiu nhc
im: Dng u vo cha nhiu sng hi bc cao, qu trnh o chiu din ra chm,
logic o chiu phc tp. khc phc nhng nhc im trn ngi ta nghin cu
cc phng php mi. Mt trong nhng phng n l phng php chnh lu
PWM ba pha bn gc phn t.
Xut pht t thc t ti chn ti nghin cu khoa hc: Nghin cu
b bin i xoay chiu mt chiu bn gc phn t.
Lun vn gm c 4 chng:
Chng 1: Phn tch nhc im truyn ng T o chiu
Chng 2: Phn tch nguyn l lm vic ca chnh lu bin iu rng xung
Chng 3: ng dng chnh lu PWM cho truyn ng o chiu ng c mt chiu
Chng 4: M phng v thc nghim
ti c hon thnh, ngoi s n lc ca bn thn cn c s ch bo,
gip ng vin ca cc thy c gio, gia nh, bn b v ng nghip. Ti xin
gi li cm n su sc nht n PGS.TS Bi Quc Khnh, ngi lun ng
vin, khch l v tn tnh hng dn ti trong sut qu trnh thc hin lun vn.
Cc vn c cp n trong quyn lun vn ny chc chn khng trnh
khi thiu st, ti mong nhn c li ng gp t cc thy c gio v cc bn b
ng nghip.
Xin trn trng cm n!
Thi Nguyn, ngy 30 thng 7 nm 2009
Tc gi

Trn Th Hon


- 8 -
CHNG 1
PHN TCH NHC IM TRUYN NG T O CHIU
1.1. Gii thiu v h truyn ng Thiristo ng c mt chiu (T-)
Trong h thng truyn ng thyristor - ng c mt chiu (T- ), b bin i
in l cc mch chnh lu iu khin c s E
d
ph thuc vo gi tr ca pha xung
iu khin (gc iu khin). Chnh lu c th dng lm ngun iu chnh in p
phn ng hoc dng in kch thch ng c. Tu theo yu cu c th ca truyn
ng m c th dng cc s chnh lu thch hp, phn bit chng c th cn
c vo cc du hiu sau y:
- S pha: 1 pha, 3 pha, 6 pha v.v.
- S ni: hnh tia, hnh cu, i xng, v khng i xng
- S nhp: S xung p p mch trong thi gian mt chu k in p ngun:
- Khong iu chnh: l v tr ca c tnh ngoi trn mt phng to [U
d
,I
d
]:
- Ch nng lng: chnh lu, nghch lu ph thuc:
- Tnh cht dng ti: lin tc, gin on.
- Ch lm vic ca chnh lu ph thuc vo phng thc iu khin v vo
cc tnh cht ca ti, trong truyn ng in, ti ca chnh lu thng l cun kch
t (L-R) hoc l mch phn ng ng c (L-R-E). tm hiu hot ng ca h T-
ta hy phn tch mt s chnh lu hnh tia ba pha m s thay th c v
trn Hnh 1.2, trong :
E- s quay ca ng c
, ,
21 22 23
u u u s th cp my bin p ngun,
, L L
x
- in cm mch mt chiu (k c in tr dy qun th cp my bin p
R- in tr mch mt chiu (k c in tr dy qun th cp my bin p
quy i)
L L L
u k
= +
R R R R
ba u k
= +

L
ba
= L
2
+ L
1
(W
1
/W
2
)
2
(1-1)
2 2
( )
2 1
1
W
R R R
ba
W
= +


- 9 -
DC
Uk
CKT
+
-
L

Hnh 1.1. S cu trc h truyn ng Thyristor ng c mt chiu

1.1.1. Ch dng lin tc
Khi dng in chnh lu i
d
l lin tc th c th dng c th cc qu trnh
dng in v in p nh trn Hnh 1.3. S chnh lu l nhng on hnh sin ni
tip nhau, gi tr trung bnh ca s chnh lu c tnh nh sau:
2 /
sin os
2
2
m
m
E U d E c
d m do
o t
u u o
o
t
+
= =
}
(1-2)
Trong :
t
e
u = =
( )
0
2 m
t t
o o =
t
t
= .sin
2
m
E U
do m
m

Trong :
0
=

- tn s gc ca in p xoay chiu;
o - gc m van (hay gc iu khin) tnh t thi im chuyn mch t nhin
0
o

- gc iu khin tnh t thi im s xoay chiu bt u dng;
m - s xung p p mch trong mt chu k in p xoay chiu


- 10 -

t
e
e
0

U
U
2a
U
2b
U
2c
E
d
t
e
e
E
0
v
z
2
m
t
i
I
p
(v
z
)
i
i
o
i
u
i
p
R
E
m
U
2
2
b)
E
d
E
do
2 / t t
a)
o
0

Hnh 1.2. S ni dy v s thay th ca chnh lu tia ba pha.

Phng trnh vi phn m t mch thay th trn Hnh 1.2 l:
sin( )
2 0
di
d
U E Ri L
m d
dt
u o + = + +
Vi s kin khi
0
u o = th
0
i I
d
= c nghim sau:
( ) cot
0
os sin( ) os sin( - )
0 2 0 2
g
i RI E U c e E U c
d m m
u o
o u

( (
= +
`

)
(1-3)
Trong : ar
L
e
ctg
R
=
=

Hnh 1.3. Chnh lu hnh tia ba pha. a) c tnh iu chnh. b) th thi gian.
~ ~ ~
E
d
E
R
L
T
1
T
2
T
3
I
d
U
2a
U
2b
U
2b
L
T
1
T
2 T
3
a
b c


- 11 -
~
~
~
U
2a
U
2b
U
2c
L
k
L
k
L
k
i
1
i
2
T
1
T
2
T
3
i
d
K
L
R
E
N
U
d

U
U
2a
U
2b
E
d
m
t
m
t
2
m
t
2
m
t
2
2 2 b a
U U +
2 m
t t
o

2
e
0
i
i
d
i
2
i
1
o
o 1
i
2
i
et
e
a)
b)
Nu gi gc dn ca van l th c th tnh c thnh phn mt chiu ca
dng in chnh lu, chnh l thnh phn sinh mmen quay ca ng c:
sin sin( )
0
2 0
2 2 2 2 2
m m
I i d U E
d m
R

u o
t t
(
= = +
}
(

(1-4)
Cn gi tr trung bnh ca dng in chnh lu th c tnh bi biu thc n
gin hn:
os
0
0
E c E
d
I
d
R L
o
=
+ O

0
m
e
= O = (1-5)
1.1.2. Hin tng chuyn mch
Trong s chnh lu tia ba pha, khi pht xung nhm m mt van tiristo
th in p ant ca pha phi dng hn in p ca pha c van ang dn dng,
do m dng in ca van ang dn s gim dn v khng, cn dng in ca van
k tip s tng dn ln. Do c in cm trong mch m qu trnh ny xy ra t t,
cng ti mt thi im c hai van u dn dng v chuyn dng cho nhau, qu trnh
ny gi l chuyn mch gia cc van.

Hnh 1.4. Hin tng chuyn mch gia cc van
1 2
T T


- 12 -
Trong qu trnh chuyn mch v c hai van u dn nn s chnh lu bng
trung bnh cng ca in p hai pha. Phng trnh cn bng in p cho cc pha lc
chuyn mch l:
1
2
di
U L Ed
a k
dt
=
2
2
di
U L Ed
b k
dt
=
rng
1 2
i i i
d
+ = v nu coi
1 2
di di
dt dt
= th:
sin
2
2 2 2
sin
2
U
U U di
m
b a m
dt L L
k k
t
u
= = (1-6)
Thi im bt u xy ra chuyn mch l ti = ; ta c biu thc tnh
dng in qua van:
( os os )
2
i I c c
mk
o u = (1-7)
Trong
sin
2
U
m
m
I
mk
L
e k
t
=
=
Qu trnh chuyn mch kt thc khi 0,
1 2
i i i
d
= = nu trong (1-7) ta t
2 d
i i = ti
u o t = + th c th tnh c gc chuyn mch :
ar ccos( os )
I
d
c
I
mk
o o =

Hnh 1.5. Quan h gia gc chuyn mch v gc iu khin ng vi cc dng
in chnh lu khc nhau.
=0,04
=0,03
=0,02
=0,10
=0,0
3 / t
18 / 5t
9 / 2t
6 / t
9 / t
18 / t
9
t
9
2t
3
t
9
4t
9
5t
3
2t
9
7t
9
8t
t
o
0
2
/ 0, 50
m
I I
e
=


- 13 -
Trong thc t vn hnh t khi dng in chnh lu vt qu gi tr 1
I
d
I
mk
= do
c th ni rng trong chnh lu tia ba pha, gc chuyn mch cc i l /6. Do
c chuyn mch nn s chnh lu b st i (vng gch cho ln Hnh 1.4b). Gi tr
trung bnh ca st p do chuyn mch c tnh nh sau:
2
mL
k e
U I X I
k d k d
=
t
A = =

1.1.3. Ch dng in gin on
Hin tng gin on dng in chnh lu xy ra do nng lng in t tch
ly trong mch khi dng in tng (
2
2
I
L ) khng duy tr tch cht lin tc ca
dng in khi n gim. Lc ny gc dn ca van tr nn nh hn 2/m, dng in
qua van tr v khng trc khi van k tip bt u dn. Trong khong dn ca van
th s chnh lu bng s ngun:
, 0
2 0
e U
d
u o = s s +
Khi dng in bng khng, s chnh lu bng s ca ng c in:
2
,
0
e E
d
p
t
o u = + s s
C th vit c biu thc tnh dng in chnh lu nu trong (1-3) t
0
0
I =
| |
( ) cos
0
os sin( ) os sin( )
0
tg
I I c c e
d m
u o
u c o c

(
= +
`

)

(1-8)
Trong , nh cp trn:
2
,
2
U
E
m
I
m
U R
m
c = =


- 14 -

U
U
2a
U
2b U
2c
0
E
d
E
t
e
e
o
o

2
m
t
t
e
e
i
u
a)
0
i
2
m
U
R
E

U
U
2
U
2a
U
2b
2
m
t
E
d
t
e
e
t
e
e
i
d
o
o
o
b)
E
i
d
i
d

Hnh 1.6. Ch dng in gin on v bin lin tc.
Trong trng hp b qua in tr R trong mch phn ng th phng trnh m
t mch Hnh 1.4 s l:
sin
2
di
d
U E L
m
dt
u = + (1-9)
V nghim tng qut ca n nh sau nu gi C l hng s tch phn:
2
( os )
U
E
m
i c C
d
L L
e e
u u
= =
= +
Khi
0
u o = th 0 i
d
= nn ta c nghim ring cho tng trng hp dng in
gin on:
2
( os os ) ( )
0 0
U
E
m
i c c
d
L L
e e
o u o u
= =
= + (1-10)
Dng in i
d
bt u xut hin ti
0
u o = v tng n gi tr cc i ti im
m 0
2
di
L U E
a
dt
= = v gim n bng khng ti
0
u o = + .
Nu t
* * 2
, ,
2
U i
E
m d
I i
m d
U L I
m e m
c
e
= = = th c th vit c biu thc tnh dng
in chnh lu h n v tng i vi dng gn gng hn:
*
( os os ) ( )
0 0
i c c
d
o u c o u = + (1-11)
t
0
u o = + v
*
0 i
d
= vo (2-8) ta tm c gc dn dng hm n:
os os( )
0 0
c c o o
c
+
= (1-12)


- 15 -
y l quan h hm n gia ba bin s , ,
0
o c c th gii bng cch th lp
hoc l bng phng php th. Trong trng hp gi nguyn gc iu khin
ons
0
c t o = nhng tng dn s E ca ng () th gc dn s gim dn v khi
sin
2 0
E U
m
o = th = 0 tc l khng c dng chy trong mch. Lc ny mmen
ng c cng s bng khng, ng c b gim tc v do E gim, dng in li
xut hin trong mch nhng tng ng vi tc thp hn. V th, ch dng
in gin on, c tnh c ca ng c tr nn rt dc.
Gi tr trung bnh ca dng in ch gin on vit trong h n v tng
i c tnh nh sau:
* *
0
( )
2
0
os os( ) sin sin( )
0 0 0 0
2 2
m
I i d
d d
m
c c
o
u u
o
t
o o o o
t
+
=
}

(
= + + + +
`

)
(1-13)

Trong trng hp ngc li khi gi onst
0
c o = v gim dn E, gc dn s
di dn ra v khi 2 / m t = th dng in trong mch tr nn lin tc (xem hnh
1.6b) gi tr ca s E (tng ng /
2
E U
m
c = ) ng vi trng thi bin gii lin
tc v c th tm c n nu t 2 / m t = vo (1-12) v (1-13)

os os( 2 / )
0 0
sin os
2 /
c c m
m m
c
blt
m
o o t
c o
t t t
+
= = (1-14)
2 2
*
os os( ) sin( )sin
0 0 0 0
2
m
I c c
blt
m m m
t t t
o o o o
t

(
= + + +
`
(

)
(1-15)
Mt khc v
0
2 m
t t
o o = + nn
*
( sin os )sin
m m m
I c
blt
m
o
t t
= (1-16)
2
( sin os ) sin
U
m m m
m
I c
blt
L m
e
o
= t t
= (1-17)


- 16 -
tm ng bin gii gia vng dng in lin tc v vng dng in gin
on ta tnh os c o t (2-16) v tnh sin t (2-17) v v
2 2
os sin 1 c o o + = nn:

*
2 2
( ) ( ) 1
sin sin os
I
blt blt
m m m m m
c
m m
c
t t t
+ =
(1-18)

1.2. Phn tch sng hi bc cao
thy c sng hi bc cao ca h T ta phn tch m hnh Three -
phase Thyristor Converter vi ti tng ng ng c mt chiu trong matlab -
simulink. Ta c m hnh nh hnh 1.7:
Synchroni zati on Vol tages
DC motor equi val ent ci rcui t
Three-Phase Thyristor Converter
220 V rms L-L
3-phase Source
Use the Powergui FFT tool to display
the spectrum of Scope signals stored in
the 'psbconverter_str' structure.
Conti nuous
i
+
-
i B
i
+
-
i A
v
+
-
Vd
v
+
-
Vca
Vc
v
+
-
Vbc
Vb
v
+
-
Vab
Va
g
A
B
C
+
-
Thyri stor Converter
alpha_deg
AB
BC
CA
Block
pulses
Synchroni zed
6-Pul se Generator
Scope
Mux
i
+
-
Id
90
Constant1
0
iA & iB
Id
Vd

Hnh1.7. M hnh chnh lu 3 pha dng Tiristor

Do s lm vic ca s chnh lu m dng in qua ngun in xoay chiu
c dng khc sin. Phn tch ng cong dng in ngun ra chui Puri ta c
ng cong hnh sin tn s bng tn s in p ngun c gi l sng hi bc nht
dng in ngun v tng v hn cc thnh phn hnh sin khc c tn s ln hn tn
s in p ngun mt s nguyn ln c gi l cc sng hi bc cao dng in
ngun.


- 17 -
H truyn ng T - s dng b chnh lu dng thyristor l phn t phi tuyn
gy nn sng iu ha bc cao.
Khi ng c lm vic s c mt ca thyristor s lm cho tn hiu ngun b mo
so vi tn hiu hnh sin. Dng in pha li khng sin v cha cc thnh phn sng
iu ha bc cao .c bit l cc thnh phn bc 5 v 7. N c biu hin bng h
s mo dng THD.
H s mo dng dng in:
2
2
1
I
n
n
THD
I
=
=
Trong :
1
I : Bin thnh phn dng c bn
I
n
: Bin thnh phn dng iu ha bc n
Theo phn tch ph dng in u vo i
A
& i
B
ta s tnh c h s THD
Cc kt qu m phng dng in ngun khi thay i gc iu khin o
Trng hp 1: Gc iu khin o = 0
0

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
-100
0
100
Selected signal: 5 cycles. FFT window (in red): 2 cycles
Time (s)
0 500 1000 1500 2000
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Frequency (Hz)
Fundamental (50Hz) = 193.4 , THD= 14.51%
M
a
g

(
%

o
f

F
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
t
a
l
)

Hnh 1.8. Phn tch ph dng in u vo i
A
& i
B
(o = 0
0
)


- 18 -
Theo phn tch ph dng in trn ta thy khi gc iu khin o = 0
0
th h s
mo dng THD = 14.51%
0

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
-40
-20
0
20
40
Time (s)
0 500 1000 1500 2000
0
5
10
15
20
Frequency (Hz)
M
a
g

(
%

o
f

F
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
t
a
l
)

A
& i
B
(o = 60
0
)

0
th h
s mo dng THD = 28.82%
0


- 19 -
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
0
2
4
6
Time (s)
0 500 1000 1500 2000
0
20
40
60
80
100
Frequency (Hz)
M
a
g

(
%

o
f

F
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
t
a
l
)

A
& i
B
(o = 90
0
)

0
th h
s mo dng THD = 144.45%
Theo cc kt qu trn ta thy : Sng hi bc cao ph thuc vo s thay i gc
iu khin o, gc iu khin o cng ln th mo dng ca dng in do sng hi
bc cao gy ra cng ln.
1.3. Dng in gin on
Theo phn tch v dng in gin on trn ta thy rng hin tng gin on
xy ra ph thuc vo mt trong cc yu t sau y
- Hin tng gin on dng in chnh lu xy ra do nng lng in t tch
ly trong mch khi dng in tng (
2
2
I
L ) khng duy tr tch cht lin tc ca
dng in khi n gim dn n hin tng dng in tr v khng trc khi van k
tip bt u dn.


- 20 -
- Dng in gin on xy ra ph thuc vo sut in ng (s):
Theo cng thc 1-12 ta c:

o o
c
) cos( cos +
=
o o

+ Nu ta gi nguyn gc iu khin
o
= const nhng tng dn s E ca ng
() th gc dn s gim dn v khi E = U
2m
.sin
o
th = 0 tc l khng c dng
chy trong mch. Lc ny mmen ng c cng s bng khng, ng c b gim
tc v do E gim, dng in li xut hin trong mch nhng tng ng vi
tc thp hn. V th, ch dng in gin on, c tnh c ca ng c tr
nn rt dc.
+ Nu ta gi
o
= const v gim dn E, gc dn s di dn ra v khi = 2/m
th dng in trong mch tr nn lin tc ,gi tr ca s E (tng ng =
E/U
2m
) ng vi trng thi bin gii lin tc.
- Hin tng gin on xy ra cn ph thuc vo in cm L v s xung p p
mch xoay chiu m
Theo cng thc 1-18 ta tm c bin gii gia vng dng in lin tc v
vng dng in gin on :
*
2 2
( ) ( ) 1
sin sin cos
blt blt
I
m m
m m m
c
t t t
t t
+ =

y l ng elip vi cc trc l trc ta ca cc c tnh c. Elip ny to
thnh bin lin tc ca vng dng in gin on nh sau: Pha trong vng elip l
vng dng in gin on cn pha ngoi elip l vng dng in lin tc.
Tp hp cc im trng thi bin [
blt
, I
blt
] khi thay i gc iu khin =
0 gn ng l ng elip c cc trc chnh l cc trc ta , l ng cong nt
t trn hnh 1.21. Trong hnh 1.21b l c tnh ng c tng ng nhng
chnh lu l hnh cu ba pha (m=6) v in cm L ln gp 5 ln. T ta thy r
tc dng thu hp vng dng in gin on ca vic tng cc thng s m,L ca
mch phn ng. Tuy nhin vic tng s xung m ko theo tng phc tp ca mch
lc v mch iu khin chnh lu, cn khi tng in cm L ko theo l xu qu trnh
qu v lm tng trng lng kch thc ca h thng.


- 21 -

Hnh 1.11. nh hng ca m,L khi chnh lu
a) ba pha hnh tia, b) ba pha hnh cu
1.4. Qu trnh o chiu h T-
Nh ta bit khi o chiu quay ng c h truyn ng cn phi gii
phng ng nng tch ly ca phn c chiu ang quay. Khi tc ng c
gim v khng h truyn ng s khi ng theo chiu ngc li. iu ny c
ngha l truyn ng cn qua ch hm v n s chuyn trng thi lm vic
qua ba gc phn t. i vi h T c o chiu quay cn thc hin ch
hm ti sinh vng tc cao v hm ngc vng tc thp.
Do chnh lu Tiristo ch dn dng theo mt chiu v n ch iu khin c khi
m, cn kha ph thuc vo in p li. Nn h T o chiu kh khn v
phc tp do h T o chiu cn tun theo mt quy trnh logic cht ch
trnh 2 b u c xung m gy ngn mch.
Ta phn tch qu trnh o chiu h T- o chiu dng 2 b bin i
iu khin ring.
1.4.1. Mch lc
B bin i iu khin ring gm 2 b bin i mc song song v ngc chiu
nhau. Vic iu khin cho hai b bin i l c lp vi ngha: ngi ta tch
pht xung iu khin cho hai b bin i - tc l khi mt b lm vic th b kia
b kha hon ton.


- 22 -

Hnh 1.12. S h T- o chiu dng hai b bin i iu khin ring
Trong mch lc gm 6 cp tiristor u song song ngc lm thnh hai
b bin i: mt b lm vic vi chiu quay tthun ca ng c cn b kia lm
vic theo chiu ngc. Mch iu khin hai b c iu khin bng hai kha
1
K ,
2
K . Gi s ng c lm vic bnh thng chiu thun b BB_1 lm vic
ch chnh lu gc phn t th nht, BB_2 kha hon ton. Ngc li
ch ngc th BB_2 lm vic ch chnh lu trong gc phn t th 3
trong khi BB_1 kha hon ton.
Khi truyn ng o chiu hoc gim tc s thc hin gc phn t th
2 do BB_2 m nhn hay gc phn t th 4 do BB_1 m nhn. Tuy
nhin vic thc hin chuyn t BB_1 v BB_2 cho nhau phi thc hin qua
iu kin logic cht ch.
1.4.2. Phn tch o chiu
Gi s h ang lm vic chiu thun vi BB_1 khi c lnh o chiu
sang chiu ngc. Tn hiu iu khin
dk
U gim v i du t dng sang m
lm gc iu khin tng n
2
t
o > ,
1 d
E gim v i du. iu ny dn n
dng in gim v khng, ct pht xung cho BB_1. Khi m bo
dk
U u
mt nghch lu, ng pht xung cho BB_2, h s hm ti sinh. Qu trnh o
U
k
K
1
K
2
FX
1
FX
2
I
d1
I
d2
B
1
B
2
+
-


- 23 -
chiu tun theo lut logic iu khin cht ch nhm trnh hai b cng lm vic
(s gy ngn mch). Chnh v vy m h T- iu khin ring cn c mch
logic iu khin.
Logic iu khin
Ta nh ngha cc u vo- ra ca khi logic iu khin:
Cc u vo:

1
L : lnh o chiu
+
1
L =1: chiu thun.
+
1
L =0: chiu ngc.

2
L : trng thi dng in
+
2
L =1: dng 0
d
I =
+
2
L =0: dng 0
d
I =

3
L : trng thi b bin i
+
3
L =1: chnh lu.
+
3
L =0: nghch lu.
Cc u ra:

1
K : ng ct BB_1
+
1
K =1: ng.
+
1
K =0: ct.

2
K : ng ct BB_2
+
2
K =1: ng.
+
2
K =0: ct.
Mch logic c bn gm 5 khi vo ra m bo hm o chiu. Tuy vy
trong thc t c nhiu u vo- ra khc na phc v cho vn hnh c h trong
qu trnh lm vic.

K1
K2
L1
L2
L3
LOG

Hnh 1.13. M hnh khu LOG


- 24 -
Hnh 1.14. Din bin qu trnh o chiu.
Din bin qu trnh o chiu

H chuyn trng thi lm vic qua ba gc phn t v xy ra qua 5 giai on.
+ Giai on 1 ( gc phn t th nht): qu trnh gim in p chnh lu,
dng in gim v khng v kha BB_1.
+ Giai on 2: thi gian cht
0
T , ng c quay t do. Mc ch ca giai
on ny l kim tra chc chn BB_1 kha an ton. Bi v mch ang lm
vic vng dng in gin on cho nn khi logic bo 0
d
I = cha chc
BB_1 kha hon ton. V vy
0
T c tnh bng thi gian dn ca tiristo

0
20
( ) T ms
m
= , m l s xung chnh lu.
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 2 3 4 5
E
d1
E
dII
E
E
E
d
E
E
d
E
I
d
T
o
Giai on
E
d E
L
1
L
2
L
3
K
1
K
2
t
t
t
t
t
t
Gc phn t I Gc phn t II
Gc phn t III


- 25 -
+ Giai on 3: Hm ti sinh, BB_2 lm vic ch nghch lu
0
d d
P EI = > ( pht nng lng ) , 0
b d d
P E I = < (thu nng lng). giai on ny
iu chnh tc thay i ca
d
E ph hp vi qun tnh c ng c nhm gi
dng in hm khng i trong gii hn cho php.
+ Giai on 4: hm ngc. vng tc thp E nh, BB_2 phi chuyn
sang ch chnh lu vi gi tr
d
E ln hm tc ng c v khng v
khi ng theo chiu ngc li.
+ Giai on 5: Khi ng theo chiu ngc.
thy r qua trnh o chiu ta phn tch m hnh chnh lu ba pha thyristor
o chiu iu khin ring

Hnh 1.15: M hnh m phng qu trnh o chiu ng c
Kt qu m phng:
Vi mmen cn M = 30 (Nm)
- Ti thi im t = 0 (s) pht xung cho b 1 ng c quay theo chiu thun
- Ti thi im t = 0.5 (s) ngng pht xung cho b 1, bt u pht xung cho b 2
ng c c o chiu quay theo chiu ngc.


- 26 -

Hnh 1.16. c tnh tc (rad/s)

Hnh 1.17. c tnh in p chnh lu Ud


- 27 -

Hnh 1.18. c tnh in p chnh lu Ud giai on o chiu

1.5. Kt lun
Theo nhng phn tch trn th h truyn ng T c nhng nhc im sau:
- Sng hi bc cao ph thuc vo s thay i ca gc iu khin o, khi o cng
ln th mo dng (THD) cng ln.
- Tn ti dng in gin on
- Thi gian o chiu chm do tn ti thi gian cht m bo iu kin an
ton, o chiu phc tp do chuyn mch bng logic iu khin.
T nhng tn ti ca h T- ngi ta nghin cu mt phng php mi c
kh nng gii quyt c nhng nhc im ca T-. l phng php chnh lu
PWM dng phng php bin iu rng xung (Three - phase Four Quadrant
PWM Rectifier)


- 28 -

CHNG 2
PHN TCH NGUYN L LM VIC CA CHNH LU
BIN IU RNG XUNG

2.1. t vn
Phng php bin iu vector khng gian SVM (Space Vector Modulation) l
phng php iu khin pht xung c nhiu u im nh:
+ Kh nng tn dng in p mt chiu DC tt hn.
+ Dng din vo t sng hi bc cao hn.
+ D dng thc hin bng vi iu khin.

2.2. Cu trc mch lc FQR (Three- phase Four - quadrant PWM rectifier)

Hnh 2.1. Cu trc mch chnh lu bn gc phn t
tin cho vic nghin cu ta gi thit cc van bn dn l kha l tng, ngha
l (1-On, 0- Off) T cu trc mch chnh lu bn gc phn t ta c s thay th
b bin i nh hnh 2.2. sau:


- 29 -
c3 b3
a4
c2 b2 2 a
n
p
idc
a i
c i
b i
a1
b1
c1
b4 c4
a3

Hnh 2.2. S thay th b bin i bn gc phn

Hnh 2.3. c tnh ca van bn dn l tng

Cu trc ph bin ny c cc u im l s dng cc mudule ba pha s lng
van nh nn c th gim gi thnh, nng lng c kh nng chy hai chiu.
Cu trc ny c trin vng nn ang c pht trin. Trong h thng phn b
nng lng mt chiu hay bin i xoay chiu mt chiu, nng lng xoay chiu
u tin c bin i sang mt chiu nh vo chnh lu 4 gc phn t. N cho h
s cng sut bng mt v dng in cha t thnh phn song hi bc cao. Cc b
bin i ny ni vi ng truyn mt chiu s mang li cho ti nhng chuyn i
mong mun nh thay i tc truyn ng ng c cm ng v ng b nam
chm vnh cu, b bin i t mt chiu sang mt chiu, hot ng a truyn
ng...
Cu trc mch chnh lu bn gc phn t c hai phn chnh:
- B lc u vo
- B bin i
2.2.1. B lc u vo:
Vi cc phng php bin iu p dng cho s cc b bin i, cc van
s ng ct vi tn s cao. Khi nu in p xoay chiu trn li in c th coi


- 30 -
gn ng nh cc ngun p vi ni tr nh th dng pha xoay chiu c th bao gm
nhiu xung dng, c rng rt nh. dng xoay chiu c dng trn, hnh sin
theo sng hi c bn, s cn c mch lc ni tip gia li v b bin i.
Dng pha u vo b bin i gm nhng xung dng, cha thnh phn sng
hi c bn tn s li v cc thnh phn hi bc cao, l bi s ca tn s ly mu.
Do tn s ly mu rt ln so vi tn s in p li nn kch thc b lc nh,
khng nh hng ng k i vi kch thc ca mch lc.
2.2.2. B bin i
B bin i cu to t cc van bn dn hai chiu BDS (Bidirectional
Switches). Mi BDS to bi mt cp IGBT. Mi van c th iu khin dng vo
theo c hai chiu. Nh cc van bn dn hai chiu c th p dng phng php iu
ch vector khng gian mt cch hiu qu.
2.3. iu ch vector khng gian
2.3.1. Khi nim vector khng gian v vector chun
Ta thy ti mt thi im ch c 6 van trong s 12 van ca FQR (hnh 2.1) hot
ng theo nguyn tc sau:
Nu i
dc
> 0 ngt xung 6 van (a
1
, a
3
, b
1
, b
3
, c
1
, c
3
) ng thi pht xung ng m
cho 6 van (a
2
, a
4
, b
2
, b
4
, c
2
, c
4
)
Nu i
dc
< 0 ngt xung 6 van (a
2
, a
4
, b
2
, b
4
, c
2
, c
4
) ng thi pht xung ng m
cho 6 van (a
1
, a
3
, b
1
, b
3
, c
1
, c
3
).
Tuy nhin h thng xung tc ng ln cc van lun c s tung ng nh sau:
a
1
a
4
, b
1
b
4
, c
1
c
4

a
3
a
2
, b
3
b
2
, c
3
c
2

Mch nguyn l ca chnh lu bn gc phn t gm 6 cp IGBT to nn hai
b bin i, mt b lm vic theo chiu thun, cn b kia lm vic theo chiu
ngc li nn ta ch cn xt SVM (space vector modulation) cho 6 van trong s 12
van ca FQR l .


- 31 -
ib
ic
ia
dc i
p
n
a2 2 b 2 c
4 a 4 b 4 c

Hnh 2.4. S thay th b bin i hai gc phn t

Cc gi tr dng vo v in p mt chiu c mi quan h vi dng mt chiu
v in p pha u vo thng qua trng thi ca cc kha bn dn nh sau:

2 4
.
2 4
2 4
i a a
a
i
dc
i b b
b
i
dc
c c i
c
( (
( ( + (
( (
( =
( (
(

( (

(2-1)

2 2 2
.
4 4 4
u
a
u a b c
dc
u
b
u a b c
dc
u
c
(
( + ( (
(
( ( =
(
( (

(

(2-2)
Cc van trong b chia lm 2 nhm: 1 nhm ni vi thanh dn +u
dc
, mt
nhm ni vi thanh dn -u
dc
.Do khng th xy ra ngn mch pha u vo
ngun p nn mi nhm van mt thi im bt k, ch c th mt van c dn.
Pha u ra mt chiu l ngun dng nn khng c php h mch. C th thy
rng mi thi im ch c hai van dn, mt van s l v mt van s chn. C tt
c 6 trng thi van tch cc, ngha l c in p u ra bng mt in p u vo.
C 3 trng thi van m in p ra bng khng khi hai van trn cng mt pha c
m, khi u ra b ngn mch, dng cc pha xoay chiu khi bng khng. Tt c
cc trng thi van c lit k trong bng 2.1 (khi i
dc
>0) v bng 2.2 (khi i
dc
<0).


- 32 -
Bng 2.1. Trng thi ca cc van chnh lu v cc vector tng ng (i
dc
>0)
Vector
chun
Trng thi van i
a
i
b
i
c
1
i ZI
i
u
dc
i
1

T
(
0 1 0
0 0 1
i
dc
-i
dc
0
dc
i
3
2

5
6
t
u
ab

i
2

T
(
1 0 0
0 0 1
i
dc
0

-i
dc

dc
i
3
2

5
6
t

u
ca

i
3

T
(
1 0 0
0 1 0
0

i
dc
-i
dc

dc
i
3
2

2
t
u
bc

i
4

T
(
0 0 1
0 1 0
-i
dc
i
dc
0
dc
i
3
2

6
t

u
ab

i
5

T
(
0 0 1
1 0 0
-i
dc
0

i
dc

dc
i
3
2

6
t

u
ca

i
6

T
(
0 1 0
1 0 0
0

-i
dc
i
dc

dc
i
3
2

2
t

u
bc

i
0

T
(
0 0 1
0 0 1
T
(
0 1 0
0 1 0
T
(
1 0 0
1 0 0
0 0

Bng 2.2. Trng thi ca cc van chnh lu v cc vector tng ng (i
dc
<0)
Vector
chun
Trng thi van i
A
i
B
i
C
1
i ZI
i
u
dc
i
1

T
(
0 1 0
0 0 1

-i
dc
i
dc
0
dc
i
3
2

t e e
0

U
U2a U2b U2c Ed
t e e
E
0
vz
2
m
t

i Ip(vz)
i
io
iu
ip
R
E m U 2
2
b)
Ed
Edo
2 / t t
a)
o 0 u
ab

i
2

T
(
1 0 0
0 0 1

-i
dc
0

i
dc

dc
i
3
2

~
~
~
U2a
U2b
U2c
Lk
Lk
Lk
i1
i2
T1
T2
T3
id
K
L R E
N
Ud

U
U2a U2b
Ed
m
t
m
t
2
m
t
2
m
t
2
2 2 b a U U +
2 m
t t
o
2 e
0
i
id
i2 i1
o
o 1 i 2 i
et e
a)
b)
u
ca

i
3

T
(
1 0 0
0 1 0

0

-i
dc
i
dc

dc
i
3
2

2
t
u
bc

i
4

T
(
0 0 1
0 1 0

i
dc
-i
dc
0
dc
i
3
2

6
t
u
ab

i
5

T
(
0 0 1
1 0 0

i
dc
0

-i
dc

dc
i
3
2

6
t
u
ca

i
6

T
(
0 1 0
1 0 0

0

i
dc
-i
dc

dc
i
3
2

2
t
u
bc

i
0

T
(
0 0 1
0 0 1
T
(
0 1 0
0 1 0
T
(
1 0 0
1 0 0

0 0


- 33 -
Biu din vector khng gian ca dng in c dng nh:
2
2
( )
3
i i ai a i
i a b c
= + +
(2-3)

Trong : i
a
, i
b
, i
c
l cc dng in pha u vo, y
2 / 3
a e
t
= .

2.3.2. Xy dng phng php iu ch vector khng gian
Trong biu din vector khng gian, vic bin iu vector khng gian trong s
l tng hp vector chun dng bng chuyn mch vector. N c th c chia
thnh cc bc sau y:
- Bc 1: Xc nh vector bin chun
- Bc 2: Xc nh vector dng in t i
ref
thuc sector no
- Bc 3: Xc nh t s iu bin d
1
, d
2

- Bc 4: Xc nh mu xung cho tng sector
2.3.2.1. Xc nh vector bin chun
Vector bin chun c xc nh t cc trng thi van c php. ng vi
mi trng thi c th a ca van ta tnh c gi tr dng in qua cc pha theo
dng i
dc,
sau p dng (2.3) tnh ra vector dng in trong trng thi van dn ny.
C th thy rng vector dng in i
1
c di
dc
i i i
3
2
1 1
= = hng theo cc gc
c nh trn mt phng ta , nhng vector ny c xc nh t cc trng thi van
c php, ng vi mi trng thi van c php, tnh ra c vector dng in,
vector ny c di v v tr xc nh gi l cc vector bin chun, k hiu l I
1
,
I
2
,I
6
. Su trng thi van tch cc to nn su vector tch cc. Trn mt phng ta
cc vector ny to nn mt hnh lc gic u, chia mt phng thnh su gc bng
nhau, gi l cc sector, nh s t I n VI. Ba trng thi ngn mch u ra to nn
ba vector khng, khi dng khng chy qua cc pha pha xoay chiu ( di
vector dng in bng khng) k hiu i
0

Vector chun chia mt phng ta o| thnh 6 sector nh hnh 2.5. khi i
dc
>0
v trong hnh 2.6. khi i
dc
< 0.


- 34 -

Hnh 2.5. Vector khng gian dng xoay chiu u vo khi i
dc
> 0

Hnh 2.6. Vector khng gian dng xoay chiu u khi i
dc
< 0
2.3.2.2. Xc nh vector i
ref
thuc sector no
Ta biu din dng
ef
i
r
trong mt phng ta tnh bng 2 thnh phn , i i
o |

Trc ht ta chuyn v t h ta 3 pha abc sang h ta tnh :
Cho bin ba pha cn bng bt k , , X X X
a b c
ta c quan h:
0 X X X
a b c
+ + =
Trong : X l in p hoc dng in
X trong mt phng c th c phn tch thnh:

X X jX
o |
= +
Cng thc chuyn h ta t abc nh sau:

T
T
X X T X X X
a b c o |
(
(
+ = + +
(


- 35 -

(
(
(
(

=
2
3
2
3
0
2
1
2
1
1
3
2
T
i
ref
t c xc nh trn mt phng ta tnh bng hai thnh phn i
o
v
i
|
. Bng thut ton sau ta c th xc nh c i
ref
(i
o
,

i
|
)

thuc sector no trong mt
phng ta .

Hnh 2.7. Lc la chn sect
Begin
i
, i

> 0
i

> 0 i

> 0
ng

ng

ng

>
3
| |
o
i
|i
|
i S
I i S
II
ng

Sai

>
3
| |
o
i
|i
|
i S
I i S
II
ng

Sai

>
3
| |
o
i
|i
|
i S
IV
i S
V
ng

Sai

>
3
| |
o
i
|i
|
i S
IV i S
V
Sai

ng


- 36 -
2.3.2.3. Xc nh t s iu bin d
1
, d
2

Mi vector quay v tr bt k trn mt phng ta ang lm trong gc
phn su no c th tng hp t hai vector chun gn nht. Dng in t i
ref
l
tng vector ca hai vector bin d
1
i
n
, d
2
i
n+1
, c hng trng vi hng ca hai vector
chun lin k n.
i
ref
= d
1
i
n
+ d
2
i
n+1

Trong : d
1
, d
2
l t s iu bin ca cc vector chuyn mch khc khng ca
vector i
n
, i
n+1
.
Khi i
ref
thuc sector (n+1). Nu n = 6 th i
ref
thuc sector 1
Ta cn xc nh t s iu bin d
1
, d
2
?
Tng qut t: i
n
= x; i
n+1
= y
i
ref
= d
1
x + d
2
y

Vi xy l hai vector bin chun ca 1 sector
(
(
(
(
=
(
(
+
(
(
=
2
d
1
d
.
y
2
d
x
1
d ) , (
ref
i | o
(2-5)

) , (
ref
.i
1
y
x
2
d
1
d
| o
(
(
=
(
(
(2-6)

| |
ref
.i
2x2
A
dc
i
1
2
d
1
d
=
(
(
(2-7)

| | | |
1
2x2
B
1
,
y ,
,
x
dc
i
1
2x2
A

=
=
(
(
(2-8)

- Xc nh di vector chun:
Gi s l vector i
1
(1,0,-1). T ta c:

=
=
=
dc
i
c
i
0
b
i
dc
i
a
i
(2-9)


- 37 -
Chuyn qua h ta tnh ta c:
dc
i )
2
dc
i
dc
(i
3
2
)
2
c
i
b
i
a
(i
3
2
1
i = + =
+
=
dc
i
3
3
)
c
i (
2
3
3
2
)
c
i
b
(i
2
3
3
2
1
i =
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
T ta tnh c di vector chun i
1

dc
i
3
2
3
1
1
dc
i
2
1
i
2
1
i
1
i = + = + = (2-10)
Tng t ta tnh c:
dc
i
3
2
6
i .......
2
i
1
i = = = (2-11)
Biu din i
1
trong h ta tnh o|
dc
.i
3
1
1
1
i
1
i
1
i
(
(
=
(
(
=
Tng t ta tnh c i
6
:
dc
.i
3
1
1
1
i
1
i
i6
(
(
=
(
(
=
- Tnh t s iu bin d
1
, d
2
:
| |
| |
(
(
(
(
=
(
(
=
2
3
2
1
2
3
2
1
2x2
A
3
1
3
1
1 1
2x2
B

Hon ton tnh ton cho cc sector tip theo. Kt qu tnh ton c tng hp
theo bng 2.3 di y:


- 38 -
Bng 2.3. H s iu bin d
1
, d
2

Sector
AB

B

A = B
-1
S
1
1 1
1 1
3 3
(
(
(
(

1 3
2 2
1 3
2 2
(
(
(
(
(

S
2
1 0
1 2
3 3
(
(
(
(

1 0
1 3
2 2
(
(
(
(

S
3
0 1
2 1
3 3
(
(
(
(

1 3
2 2
1 0
(
(
(
(

S
4
1 1
1 1
3 3
(
(
(
(

1 3
2 2
1 3
2 2
(
(
(
(

(

S
5
1 0
1 2
3 3
(
(
(

(

1 0
1 3
2 2
(
(
(
(

S
6
0 1
2 1
3 3
(
(
(

(

1 3
2 2
1 0
(

(
(
(

Phn cn li ca thi gian chuyn mch c iu khin bi cc vector chuyn
mch khng. T l iu bin d
0
ca vector chuyn mch khng c xc nh nh
sau:
1
0 1 2
d d d =

2.3.2.4. Xc nh mu xung cho tng sector
Sau khi tm c h s ta phi tm cch chuyn thnh thi gian ng ct cho
mi van bn dn (xt trong trng hp bin iu i xng).
Vic bin iu vector i
ref
din ra trong mt chu k trch mu T
s
ca vi iu
khin. Trong khong thi gian ny, cc vector chun s tn ti vi lng thi gian


- 39 -
nht nh ph thuc vo nhng t s bin iu c tnh trn. Khong thi gian
cn li trong chu k trch mu T
s
s c vi iu khin thc hin vi vector khng.
Cc vector chun v vector khng c thc hin thay phin nhau trong giai on
ny nhng theo mt nguyn tc l khi din ra s thay i th ch c mt nhnh van
c chuyn trng thi. Khi vn v chuyn trng thi vector, xung tc ng
n cc van s c lm r qua hnh 3.4.
Ta tch vector iu ch thnh hai vector bin c hng trng vi hng ca
hai vector chun bin ca gc phn su tng ng:
Vi T
s
l chu k PWM. Xt v d cho sector 1
Sector I:
0 0 1
6
0 1 0
1 0 0
1
0 1 0
T
i
T
i
(
(

(
(

0 1 2
2
4 2 2
d T d T d T
s s s
T
a
= + +
0
4
4
d T
s
T
a
=
0
2
T
b
=
4 41 42
T T T
b b b
=
Vi:
1 2 0
41
2 2 4
d T d T d T
s s s
T
b
= + +
42 4
T T
b c
=
0
2
4
d T
s
T
c
=
2 0
4
2 4
d T d T
s s
T
c
= +


- 40 -
Sector I:
0 0 1
6
0 1 0
1 0 0
1
0 1 0
T
i
T
i
(
(

(
(

Hnh 2.8. Vector dng in v thi gian ng ct
mi van trong sector 1
I 6 d 2
I 1 d 1
I 6
I s
I
1


- 41 -

Sector II:
1 0 0
1
0 1 0
1 0 0
2
0 0 1
T
i
T
i
(
(

(
(

Hnh 2.9. Vector dng in v thi gian ng
ct mi van trong sector 2
I 1 d 2
I 2 d 1
I s
I 2
I
1


- 42 -
Sector III:
1 0 0
2
0 0 1
0 1 0
3
0 0 1
T
i
T
i
(
(

(
(

I 3 d 1
I 3
I s
I 2
I 2 d 2


- 43 -

Sector IV
0 1 0
3
0 0 1
0 1 0
4
1 0 0
T
i
T
i
(
(

(
(

I
4
d
1
I
4
I
s
I
3
d 2
I
3


- 44 -
Sector V:
0 1 0
4
1 0 0
0 0 1
5
1 0 0
T
i
T
i
(
(

(
(

I 5
I 5 d 1
I s
I
4
I 4 d 2


- 45 -
ctor VI
0 0 1
5
1 0 0
0 0 1
6
0 1 0
T
i
T
i
(
(

(
(

I 5
I s
I 6
I 6 d 1
I 5 d 2


- 46 -
Nhn xt:
- Khng c nghch o hai van trong cng mt nhnh
- C nhng nhnh van nh b2 trong sector 2 s kh iu ch, do cn phi
phi hp ca hai SVM.
2.4. Kt lun
Bin iu vector khng gian SVM cho cc b bin i chnh lu gii quyt
c cc tn ti ca cc b chnh lu nh: dng u vo cha nhiu sng hi, tc
ng chm... Bin iu vector khng gian SVM c kh nng p ng cc tt yu
cu v cht lng dng in v in p u ra.
Phng php bin iu vector khng gian SVM ng cho c trng hp b
bin i lm vic trong c bn gc phn t


- 47 -
CHNG 3
NG DNG CHNH LU PWM CHO TRUYN NG
O CHIU NG C MT CHIU
3.1. t vn
Qua qu trnh phn tch h truyn ng T thy c nhiu nhc im,
c phn iu khin phc tp, cc van bn dn c tnh phi tuyn, dng dng in u
vo c nhiu sng hi bc cao, qu trnh o chiu chm, h s cos

thp.
Do ngi ta ra nhng phng hng mi nhm khc phc nhng nhc
im ca h truyn ng T-. l s dng phng php bin iu vector khng
gian SVM iu khin pht xung cho cc van. Phng php bin iu vector
khng gian SVM khc phc c nhng tn ti ca h chnh lu T- nh:
- Dng u vo c dng hnh sin
- Tng h s cng sut, c th iu khin h s cng sut cos = 1.
- B iu chnh tc ng nhanh
- Qu trnh o chiu nhanh
3.2. Xy dng cu trc iu khin bn gc phn t FQR (Four Quadrant
PWM Rectifier) cho ng c mt chiu DC
Cu trc iu khin FQR cho ng c in mt chiu gm 2 mch vng iu
chnh. Mch vng ngoi l mch vng iu chnh tc cn mch vng trong l
mch vng iu chnh dng in.

Hnh 3.1. Cu trc iu khin FQR


- 48 -
3.3. Thit k b iu chnh
3.3.1. ng c mt chiu
ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp c cu to hai phn ring bit: phn
cm b tr phn tnh c cc cun dy kch t sinh ra t thng | , phn ng l phn
quay ni vi in p li qua vnh gp v chi than. Tc ng gia t thng v
dng in phn ng I
u
to momen quay ng c. Khi ng c quay cc thanh dn
phn ng ct t thng to nn sc t ng E
u
. S nguyn l ca ng c in
mt chiu kch t c lp:
+
-
+ -
Eu
Uu
Ukt
Ikt
Iu
Rf
Rkt

Hnh 3.2. S nguyn l ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp.

i tng iu khin l ng c in mt chiu, cn phi iu chnh dng
in (qua iu khin momen quay ca ng c) v iu chnh tc quay. i
tng m t bi bi h cc phng trnh sau y:
Phng trnh cn bng in p phn ng:
di
A
u e R i L
A A A A A
dt
= + +
(3-1)

Sc in ng cm ng:
e k
A e
|= =
(3-2)

Trong : k
e
l h s sc in ng ca ng c
Tc quay:
1
( )
d
m m
M T
dt J
=
=
(3-3)


- 49 -
Momen quay:
m k i
M M A
| =
(3-4)

Trong : k
M
l h s momen
Hng s thi gian phn ng:
L
A
T
A
R
A
=
(3-5)

T ta c m hnh ng c mt chiu kch t c lp:
uA
RA
1+sTA
1
1
Js
Laf
1
1+sTkt
Rkt
-
-
Mm
MT

Hnh 3.3. M hnh ng c mt chiu kch t c lp

3.3.2. Tng hp mch vng dng in
S cu trc mch vng iu chnh dng in:

Hnh 3.4. S cu trc mch vng dng in.
Trong m hnh ca ta, hng s thi gian c hc ln hn rt nhiu hng s
thi gian in t ca mch phn ng nn ta c th coi sc in ng ca ng c
RI
t
sT 1
1
+

.S
A
T 1
A
R
1
+

i
A
*
-

u
A
*
i
A


- 50 -
khng nh hng n qu trnh iu chnh ca mch vng dng in (tc l ta c
th coi E=0).
Hm truyn ca mch vng dng in (hm truyn ca i tng iu chnh) l:
1/
( )
1
(1 )(1 )
R
A
G s
sT sT
t A
=
+ +
(3-6)
Trong : Hng s thi gian PWM l:
200( ) T s
t
=
Hng s thi gian chuyn mch phn ng v h s khuch i:
1
L
A
T T
A
R
A
= =
1
V
R
A
= (3-7)
p dng tiu chun ti u module ta tm c hm truyn cho b iu chnh
dng c dng khu PI:
RI A
T T =
1
2 2 2
RI
T R T L
A A A
V
T V T T
t t o
= = = (3-8)
T ta thu c hm truyn t ca khu DC dng kiu PI nh sau:
1 1
( ) (1 ) (1 )
2
RI RI
L
A
G s V
sT T sT
RI t A
= + = +
(3-9)

3.3.3. Tng hp mch vng tc
H thng iu chnh tc l h thng m i lng c iu chnh l tc
gc ca ng c in, cc h ny rt thng gp trong k thut. H thng iu
chnh tc c hnh thnh t h thng iu chnh dng in. Cc h thng ny
c th l o chiu hoc khng o chiu. Do yu cu cng ngh m h cn t v
sai cp 1 hoc cp 2. Nhiu chnh ca h l m men ti
c
M .
trn ta tng hp c mch vng dng in, trong phn ny ta s s
dng kt qu ca n tng hp mch vng iu chnh tc .
1
( )
1 2 2
1 2 2
G s
scl
T s T s
t t
=
+ +
(3-10)

thun tin cho vic tnh ton tip theo, ta c th biu din biu thc trn
di dng:


- 51 -
1
( )
1
1 2
G s
scl
T s
t
=
+
(3-11)
Ta c s cu trc mch vng tc

Hnh 3.5. S cu trc mch vng tc .
Vi hm truyn t phn c, i tng iu khin tng qut lc ny s c m
hnh truyn t nh sau:
1 1 1
( ) .
(1 2 ) 1
N
G s
Js T s T s T s
t M
|
o
= =
+ +
(3-12)

Hng s thi gian c T
M
c xc nh bi:
af
af
M
J J J
T
u
L i
kt
kt
L
R
kt
|
= = =
(3-13)

Hng s thi giant hay th ca vng trong T
o
c xc nh bi:
2 T T
t o
=
Cng nh mch vng dng in, ta p dng phng php thit k theo tiu
chun ti u i xng v thu c cc tham s ca khu iu chnh ta thu c hm
truyn cho b iu chnh tc c dng khu tch phn t l PI:
4 8
RN
T T T
t o
= =
2
RN
T
M
V
T
o
=

Re
s .
t
T . 2 1
1
+

Js
1

e

-

i
A
*
-

M
T
k
M
|

i
A

e
*

M
m


- 52 -
3.3.3. S ha b iu chnh

Khu iu chnh PI s:
iu chnh t l (P): iu chnh t l l phng php iu chnh to ra tn
hiu iu chnh t l vi sai lch u vo.
iu chnh tch phn (I): Phng php iu chnh t l li mt lch
(offset) sau iu chnh rt ln. khc phc ta s dng kt hp iu chnh t l vi
iu chnh tch phn. iu chnh tch phn l phng php iu chnh to ra tn hiu
iu chnh sao cho lch gim ti 0.
thun li cho vic trin khai thut ton ny xung vi iu khin cc b
iu chnh PI c vit di dng gin on trn min z nh sau:
1
1
( )
1
1
dz
PI z V
z
(3-14)

Ta s thu c b tham s nh sau:
V V
Ri
=
1
T
d
T
i
=
Trong : T l chu k trch mu ca b iu khin.

+
-
+
-
1
z
+
+
+
-
z
1
z
1
1
1
x
y
x(k) x(k-1)
D
-K-
V
isds(k)
isds(k-1)
isdsr(k)

Hnh 3.6. Khu iu chnh PI s


- 53 -
3.4. iu khin cng sut phn khng v cng sut tc dng
Cng sut tc dng v cng sut phn khng t ngun xc nh bi theo [TL4]:
{
}
*
Re . P V I V I V I
o o | |
= = +
(3-15)

{
}
*
Im . Q V I V I V I
| o o |
= =
Trong h ta quay d-q
Khi
sd
*
sd
V V jV
i sq
I I jI
i sq
= +

{ }
{ }
3
Re ( )( )
sd sd
2
3
Im ( )( )
sd
2
P V jV I jI
sq sq
Q V jV I jI
sq sd sq
= +
= +
(3-16)

S dng phng php ta in p li. Gi thit ta ng
Ta c: 0 V
sq
=
3
sd sd
2
3
sd sq
2
P V I
Q V I
(3-17)

m bo h s cng sut bng 1 ta c:
0 I
sq
=
3
sd sd
2
0
P V I V I
dc dc
Q
= =

T nhn c cc gi tr:
2
. ef . ef . ef
3
sd
I V I kV I
sd r dc r dc dc r dc
V
= =
(3-18)

Trong :
2
3
k
V
sd
=


- 54 -
u
o
|
d
q
Isd
vs
Is
Isq

Hnh 3.7. Mi lin h gia cc thnh phn trong ta quay
Trong h ta quay d-q dng in I
s
c chia lm hai thnh phn l I
sd
(thnh
phn dc trc) v I
sq
(thnh phn ngang trc) trong I
sd
xc nh hng dng
cng sut tc dng v I
sq
xc nh cng sut phn khng. Nh m cng sut tc
dng cng nh cng sut phn khng c th iu khin mt cch c lp. H s
cng sut bng mt khi vector dng in I
s
trng pha vi vector in p V
s
.
Kt lun
Vic ng dng chnh lu PWM cho truyn ng o chiu ng c mt chiu
c kh nng lm vic 4 gc phn t, dng in u vo c dng sin v h s cng
sut c th iu khin c.


- 55 -
CHNG 4
M PHNG V XY DNG M HNH THC NGHIM
4.1. M phng b chnh lu ba pha bn gc phn t
Matlab l phn mm phc v thit k m phng quen thuc i vi k s
iu khin- t ng ha. Phn mm cung cp mi trng cn thit cho m phng h
thng bao gm tp hp cc cng c tnh ton. y cng l phn mm c th lp
trnh c, c im ny lm cho mi trng matlab ngy cng tr nn phong ph.
Simulink l phn mm hot ng trong mi trng matlab, chuyn dng cho
vic m hnh ha, m phng v phn tch h thng. C th s dng cng c ny cho
vic m phng tuyn tnh, phi tuyntrong min lin tc hay gin on.
Plecs l mt toolbox lm vic tng thch vi mi trng simulink trong
matlab. Toolbox ny cho cung cp cho ngi s dng th vin v in t cng sut
v h truyn ng rt phong ph, d dng m hnh vt l i tng sau p dng
thut ton c xy dng iu khin m hnh ny. iu ny cho php m
hnh ha gn vi thc t. Chnh lu bn gc phn t c m phng bng phn
mm Matlab/Simulink/Plecs.
4.1.1. M hnh m phng chnh lu PWM
Cc thng s ng c:
- in p u vo U = 380[V]
- in p kch t U
kt
= 300[V]
- Tn s u ra f = 50[Hz]
- Cng sut u ra P = 5[kW]
- in cm mch phn ng L
= 0,01216[H]
- in tr mch phn ng R
= 1,086[]
- in cm mch kch t L
kt
= 71,47[H]
- in tr mch kch t R
kt
= 180[]


- 56 -

Hnh 4.1. M hnh m phng
Sau y ta kho st chi tit tng khi con trong m hnh trn:
Cu trc mch lc m phng bng Matlab/Simulink/Plecs ca b bin i.
Cc van bn dn s dng l van iu khin hon ton IGBT. Bao gm 12 van IGBT
vi cc iu khin ring r.

Hnh 4.2. M hnh mch lc.


- 57 -
Vi u vo l 3 thnh phn gm: dng in trn h ta v dng in
mt chiu i
dc
. Tn hiu ra khu SVM c a vo khi pht xung vi tn s bm
xung l 2,5kHz a ra iu khin cc van c th.

Hnh 4.3. Khi pht xung PWM
Ta xy dng khi chuyn v ta t h ta abc sang h ta dqo. Thc
cht khi ny tng t chuyn h abc dq trong h thng 3 pha 3 nhnh van truyn
thng ch thm 1 trc 0.

Hnh 4.4. Khi chuyn v ta abc dq
Ta xy dng khi chuyn v ta t h ta dqo sang h ta . Thc cht
ca khi ny l chuyn h dq o| trong h thng 3 pha 3 nhnh van truyn thng.

Hnh 4.5. Khi chuyn v ta dq


- 58 -
Khi ng pha (PLL)

Hnh 4.6. Khi tnh chn gc theta

4.1.2. Kt Qu m phng
- Trng hp 1: Vi Tc t ban u: 100( / ) rad s e = v m men cn
5( ) M Nm =
+ Ti t = 1(s) o chiu tc ng c sao cho ng c quay ngc vi
cng tc 100(rad/s).
+ Ti t = 1.2(s) ta o chiu ng c ng c chy vi tc 50(rad/s)
+ Ti t = 1.6(s) ta o chiu ng c chy ngc vi tc 50(rad/s)

Hnh 4.7. c tnh tc ng c


- 59 -

Hnh 4.8. c tnh dng in u vo

Hnh 4.9. Phn tch ph dng in u vo sau lc LC


- 60 -

Hnh 4.10. c tnh in p u vo

Hnh 4.11. Gc chuyn v cho h ta quay


- 61 -

Hnh 4.12. c tnh in p mt chiu.

Hnh 4.13. c tnh in p mt chiu lc o chiu


- 62 -

Hnh 4.14. c tnh dng in mt chiu

Hnh 4.15. c tnh m men ng c


- 63 -
- Trng hp 2: Vi tc t ban u: 1( / ) rad s e = v m men cn 5( ) M Nm =
+ Ti t = 1(s) o chiu tc ng c sao cho ng c quay ngc vi cng tc
1(rad/s).
+ Ti t = 1.2(s) ta o chiu ng c ng c chy vi tc 0.5(rad/s)
+ Ti t = 1.6(s) ta o chiu ng c chy ngc vi tc 0.5(rad/s)

Hnh 4.16. c tnh tc ng c giai on c o chiu


- 64 -

Hnh 4.17. c tnh dng in u vo

Hnh 4.18. Phn tch ph dng in u vo sau lc LC


- 65 -

Hnh 4.19. c tnh in p u vo



- 66 -

Hnh 4.21. c tnh in p mt chiu.

Hnh 4.22. c tnh in p mt chiu lc n nh


- 67 -

Hnh 4.23. c tnh dng in mt chiu

Hnh 4.24. c tnh m men ng c


- 68 -
So snh vi cc kt qu m phng thu c chng 1 ta thy rng:
- Dng in li hnh sin, sng hi bc cao khng ng k, nh hn nhiu ln so vi
b chnh lu ba pha dng tiristor
- Qu trnh o chiu v thay i tc ng c nhanh, thi gian qu ngn.
4.2. Xy dng m hnh thc nghim
4.2.1. Cu trc thc nghim
a
b
c
380V/50Hz
MBA
LC
BB
DC
idc(dk)
ia(qs)
Uabc(dk)

Hnh 4.25. Cu trc thc nghim tng qut
kim nghim thut ton iu khin ta thc nghim vi m hnh kt ni
vi card ds1104 nh sau:

Hnh 4.26. M hnh thc nghim


- 69 -
S mch in ngun cp cho s cp my bin p xung

Hnh 4.27. Ngun cp cho s cp MBA xung

Hnh 4.28. Nguyn l ca mch ngun cho mt driver

Hnh 4.29. Nguyn l driver pht xung cho van MOSFET


- 70 -
Phn iu khin bao gm:
- Card ds1104 trong my tnh PC
- Card giao din v h thng o
- Phn mm controller desk
4.2.1.1. Gii thiu v card iu khin 1104 ca hng dSPACE
Card ds1104 l mt thit b iu khin hin i c s dng trong nhiu
lnh vc: iu khin ng c, iu khin robot, cc thc nghim v my bay,
tCard dc1104 cho php rt ngn qu trnh thc nghim nh s kt ni trc tip
vi phn mn m phng Matlab Simulink, ds1104 h tr hu ht tt c cc khi
v hm nh ngha bi Matlab Simulink trong cc lnh vc k trn.
Card ds1104 cung cp mt th vin real time trong Simulink, theo cc
cng I/O ca ds1104 c biu din bng cc khi tng t nh cc khi h tr
Simulink. hiu chnh tn hiu xut nhp ta ch cn hiu chnh cc thng s ca
cc khi tng ng. Do vic truy xut tn hiu tr nn n gin hn rt nhiu so
vi cc phng php truyn thng.

Hnh 4.30. Cu trc DS1104


- 71 -

Hnh 4.31. Giao din ca card ds1104 vi ngoi vi.
4.2.1.2. Phn mn Control Desk
Phn mn Control Desk i km vi DS1104 l chic cu ni gia m hnh v
phn cng bn ngoi. Control Desk cung cp cc cng c i, thu thp d liu v
hin tn hiu t m hnh Simulink cng nh cc cng I/O ca ds1104. Theo tn
hiu cc cng I/O d dng c quan st trong qu trnh lm thc nghim.
4.2.1.3.Card giao din v h thng o lng
H thng o lng:
- o in p bng my bin p t s 220V/6V
- o dng in bng cm bin dng hiu ng Hall LEM 100P
- o in p Udc bng phn p.


- 72 -

Hnh 4.32. Giao din in hnh dng DS1104.
c th kt ni DS1104 vi my tnh PC ta cn thc hin mt s th tc sau:
- Khi ng Matlab v Simulink
- Chun b cc khi c s dng trong Simulink xy dng s .
- Khi ng chng trnh ControlDesk.
- Kt ni.
- Build m hnh Simulink, trong qu trnh build Matlab s chuyn i
m hnh Simulink sang dng sdf (file m t h thng) v lu tr n
trong b vi x l ca DS1104.
- Sau khi Build xong, file sdf s t ng c chuyn ti mi trng
Control Desk, file ny gm thng tin v cc bin c s dng trong
m hnh Simulink.
Thit k phn iu khin: trn c s m phng offline bng
matlab/simulink/plecs ta s dng chnh phn iu khin c xy dng, b i
phn mch lc v kt hp vi cc khi giao din ca card ds1104 iu khin b
chnh lu PWM.
Phn mm matlab/simulink lin kt vi phn mm control desk truyn cc gi tr
bin, tham s iu khin, cn phn mm control desk nhn cc bin, tham s
iu khin trc tip cho card ds1104. Phn mm matlab/simulink thit k cu
trc iu khin. Trn phn mm control desk ngi ta c th thay i offline cc
tham s v hin th d liu di dng bng v th.


- 73 -

Hnh 4.33. Mi lin h gia cc phn mm iu khin

4.2.2. Qu trnh thc nghim ti phng th nghim

Hnh 4.34. M hnh thc nghim chnh lu
PWM RECTIFIER


- 74 -

Hnh 4.35. Ba pha mch chnh lu

Hnh 4.36. Mt pha ca mch chnh lu

4.2.3. Kt qu thc nghim
Kt qu thc nghim vi mch vng h:
- in p u vo U
v
= 25 30V
- Tn s trch mu l 2.5kHz
- Tc t l e = 100 (rad/s) ti thi im t = 1.5 (s)


- 75 -

Hnh 4.37. Giao din theo di cc tn hiu v tham s

Hnh 4.38. c tnh tc


- 76 -


Hnh 4.40. in p u vo


- 77 -

Hnh 4.41. Dng xung cho 6 van


- 78 -

Hnh 4.42. Tn hiu vo v tn hiu m van

4.3. Kt lun:
Cc kt qu m phng bng Matlab/Simulink/Plecs v kt qu thc nghim
thc t cho thy rng cu trc iu khin c kh nng lm vic bn gc phn t
t c cc yu cu k thut sau:
- Cos = 1 dng p li trng pha nhau
- Dng in li hnh sin, sng iu ha bc cao khng ng k.
- Thay i tc m v n gin.
- ng c t ti tc t vi thi gian qu nh.


- 79 -
TI LIU THAM KHO
Ting Vit
| | 1 Bi Quc Khnh, Nguyn Vn Lin, Nguyn Th Hin Truyn ng in
Nh xut bn khoa hc k thut 2004
| | 2 Bi Quc Khnh, Nguyn Vn Lin C s truyn ng in Nh xut
bn khoa hc k thut - 2007
| | 3 Nguyn Phng Quang - MATLAB v Simulink dnh cho k s iu khin
t ng- Nh Xut bn Khoa hc k thut 2006
Ting Anh
| | 4 Matti jussila, Mika salo, Lauri Kahkonen, and Heikki Tuusa, A vector
modulated Three-Phase Four-Quadrant Rectifier Application to a Dc Motor
Drive
| | 5 M. Salo, and H.Tuusa, A vector controlled current-source PWM rectifier
with a novel current damping-method, IEEE Trans. Pow. Electron, vol. 15,
pp. 464-470, May 2000.
| | 6 Dspace dspace 1104 R&D controller Board
| | 7 Plexim GmbH Plecs User Mannual

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