Bao Cao Thuc Tap Led Ma Tran 9698

Trng H Cng Nghip H ni
Khoa in T
LI NI U
******O()O******
Qung co lun l mt trong cc vn ng vai tr quan trng trong s pht
trin ca mt cng ty, doanh nghip hay thm ch l ca mt ca hng. Qung co
tt s em li nhiu li ch to ln. Cng chnh v vy m khng ngc nhin khi hng
nm cc doanh nghip u t rt nhiu vo vn ny. Mt trong nhng bi n
php c a dng hin nay l s dng bng qung co bng n LED, v s n
gin, hin i, bt mt, chi ph hp l cng nh tnh hiu qu ca n. Nhng b ng
thng tin, cng cho hay nhng bng LED qung co vi mu sc sc s, bt mt,
gy nhiu ch chc hn khng cn xa l i vi ngi dn, nht l ngi dn
th.
Qung co bng n LED hin nay c ng dng rt rng ri trong nhi u
ngnh, nhiu lnh vc. N khng ch gii hn bi vic hin th cc dng ch, cc
bin hiu nhp nhy m cn c th hin th cc hnh nh ha, cc hnh nh y
mu sc v c bit l c th hin th c c video. N cng khng ch gii hn
trong vic qung co trong nh (indoor), bn ngoi tri (semi outdoor ) m cn c
th qung co c ngoi tri, ngay gia ban ngy vi sng v sc nt cao.
Do vy, em c thy gio Nguyn Xun Chin giao cho ti:Nghin
cu xy dng Bng qung co t LED Ma tr n lm ti thc tp tt

nghip.
Nhim v thit k :
Bng ma trn LED hin th ch 1 mu chy hiu ng t phi qua tri.
Hin th c ng h kim c c gi,pht, giy.
Trong thi gian lm n em lun nhn c s gip ch bo tn tnh ca cc
thy c gio trong khoa in t, c bit l thy Nguyn Xun Chin v cc bn
sinh vin khc cng vi s n lc ht mnh, em hon thnh bn n mt cch tt
nht. Tuy nhin do trnh cn hn ch v thi gian c hn nn bn n c a em
hn vn cn nhiu thiu st. Em knh mong nhn c s ng gp ca cc thy c
gio v cc bn bn n ca em c hon thin hn. Em xin chn thnh cm
n!
Sinh vin th c hi n: Nguy n Vn

Gii.
Nguyn Vn Gii - Lp TC-C T1 K7
Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip
Khoa in T
Nhn xt ca gio vin hng dn

..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
H ni, Ngy thng 05 nm 2011
GV hng dn:
Khoa in T
CHNG 1. T VN V NHIM V
1.1. L do chn ti
in in t l mt trong nhng lnh vc rt pht trin v nh gi c tc
pht trin v kinh t cng nh khoa hc k thut ca mt t nc. Vic pht
trin, ch to cc lai Chip, cc lai IC tch hp thng dng, c ng dng nhiu
trong thc t c vai tr to ln trong qu trnh pht trin khoa hc k thut lin quan
n k thut in in t - t ng ha. Vit Nam cng ngh ch to cc l ai
Chip vi iu khin, cc cng ngh tch hp IC cha c ch trng pht trin, phn
ln cn ng dng v ph thuc nhiu vo cc cng ngh tin tin ca cc nc pht
trin nh: M, Nht Bn c bit l tp on in t khng l Intel
V vy vic hc tp, tm hiu nghin cu li nhng cng ngh pht trin ca cc
nc bn c ngha c bit quan trng i vi ngi hc v ng vai tr khng
nh trong qu trnh pht trin nn gio dc ca nc nh.
1.2. i tng nghin cu
i tng nghin cu ca n mn hc ni ring v cc mn h c chuyn
ngnh in t ni chung l cc sinh vin theo hc, tm hiu v nghin c u trong lnh
vc in t, ng thi l tt c nhng ngi yu thch chuyn ngnh in t, v y
l mn hc c bn lm nn tng, trang b kin thc cho ngi hc c th t tm
hiu, nghin cu cc ti liu hc tp cho cc mn hc tip theo, ng thi cng c
kin thc cc mn hc c hc trong thi gian theo hc ti trng.
1.3. Phng php nghin cu
Phng php nghin cu ti ca n mn hc : Nghin cu xy dng Bng
qung co t LED ma trn ch yu bng thc nghim. V mn hc c tnh cht l
thuyt, v lin quan mt thit n thc t nn vic tm kim ti liu ting Vit lin
quan n ti l rt kh khn nn qu trnh han thnh n mn hc ch yu
bng cc ti liu do gio vin hng dn cung cp cng s gip ca bn b, cc
sinh vin kha trn v mt s ti liu trn mng Internet.
Khoa in T
CHNG 2. TNG QUAN V PHNG PHP IU KHIN LED MA

TRN
2.1. Khi qut chung v LED
2.1.1. Lch s hnh thnh n LED
Cch y 13 nm, n LED qu l khng tng cho ti khi khoa hc cng ngh
xut hin. N gii quyt mi kh khn cn vng mc. K t , n LED to
nn cuc cch mng nhanh chng. Chng hin ang c lp t trong rt nhiu
thit b, bao gm c h thng chiu sng ca b bi, n c
n LED c mt t nhng thp nin 60, nhng m hu ht ch dng hin th
thi gian ca ng h bo thc hay dung lng pin ca my ghi hnh. Mt thi gian
di, n LED khng c dng lm ngun sng bi v chng ch cho nh sng ,
xanh l cy v vng m khng cho nh sng trng. n nm 1993, cng ty ho cht
Nichia ca Nht Bn cho ra i loi n LED xanh dng, l s kt hp gia nh
sng v xanh l cy cho ra nh sng trng. S kin ny m ra mt lnh v c
mi v cng ngh LED. n LED da trn cng ngh bn dn ngy cng tng v
chiu sng, hiu sut v tui th, ging nh b x l ca my tnh, pht trin ngy
cng nhanh v gi thnh ngy cng
gim theo thi gian.
Nhng nm 1960: Pht minh ra n Led nh sng .
Nhng nm 1970: Pht minh ra Led 7 on.
Nhng nm 1980: Pht minh ra led xanh l cy.
Nhng nm 1990: Pht minh ra led xanh dng l c s pht trin n led nh sng
trng.
Nhng nm 2000: Thi im bng n n Led chiu sng.
2.1.2. Khi nim v LED
LED (vit tt ca Light Emitting Diode, c ngha l it pht quang) l cc it c
kh nng pht ra nh sng hay tia hng ngoi, t ngoi. Cng ging nh it, LED
c cu to t mt khi bn dn loi p ghp vi mt khi bn dn loi n.
2.1.3. Hot ng ca n LED
Hot ng ca n LED ging vi nhiu loi it bn dn. Khi bn dn loi p
cha nhiu l trng t do mang in tch dng nn khi ghp vi khi bn dn n
(cha cc in t t do) th cc l trng ny c xu hng chuyn ng khuch tn
sang khi n. Cng lc khi p li nhn thm cc in t (in tch m) t khi n
chuyn sang. Kt qu l khi p tch in m (thiu ht l trng v d tha in t)
trong khi khi n tch in dng (thiu ht in t v d tha l trng).
Khoa in T
bin gii hai bn mt tip gip, mt s in t b l trng thu ht v khi chng

tin li gn nhau, chng c xu hng kt hp vi nhau to thnh cc nguyn t trung
ha. Qu trnh ny c th gii phng nng lng di dng nh sng (hay cc bc x
in t c bc sng gn ).
Ty theo mc nng lng gii phng cao hay thp m bc sng nh sng pht ra
khc nhau (tc mu sc ca LED s khc nhau). Mc nng lng (v mu sc ca
LED) hon ton ph thuc vo cu trc nng lng ca cc nguyn t cht bn dn.
LED thng c in th phn cc thun cao hn it thng thng, trong
khong 1,5 n 3V. Nhng in th phn cc nghch LED th khng cao. Do ,
LED rt d b h hng do in th ngc gy ra.
Loi LED in th phn cc thun:
: 1,4 - 1,8V.
Vng: 2 - 2,5V.
Xanh l cy: 2 - 2,8V.
2.1.4. u nhc im ca n LED
u im
+ Tui th cao: Hin ti n LED cho nh sng trng c tui th ln ti 50,000 gi
s dng lin tc gp 50 ln so vi bng n 60W thng thng. Nu s dng 10 gi
mi ngy, th bng c th s dng trong 23 nm.
+ Li ch kinh t: n LED tit kim 70-80% nng lng so vi cc loi bng n
thng
thng.
+ Tt cho th lc ca ngi s dng: nh sng ca n LED du mt, hiu ng chi
mt thp v hon ton khng nhp nhy h ca bng hunh quang, vn b coi l
nguyn nhn
gy ra bnh au na u v ng kinh.
+ t nh hng ti mi trng: Do phn ln nng lng c chuyn ha thnh
quang nng, do hiu ng nhit ca n LED rt thp. N hon ton khng ta
nhit vo mi trng. Cc nghin cu khoa hc cho thy mt bng LED trung bnh
ta ra mt lng nhit 3,4 btu/h (tng ng vi 1W), trong khi mt bng n dy
tc c sng tng ng ta ra nhit lng khong 85 btu/h (tng ng vi
25W). Ngoi ra bng n LED khng cha thy ngn v do s t gy hi cho mi
trng
hn
khi
thi
b
+ Thi gian khi ng nhanh: Khng ging vi bng n hunh quang, n LED gn
nh bt sng ngay lp tc khi c cp in.
Khoa in T
+ Bn vng c bit: Do c lm t cht liu nha cao cp nn n LED c th

chu ng cc lc va p mnh, hoc cc nh hng bi thi tit nh ma , nng
Nhc im
+ Chi ph sn xut cao, lp t thi cng phc tp, tn nhiu thi gian hn cc loi
bng thng thng khc.
+ To nhit chn n, gy nh hng n cc b phn lin k.
+ Cha tin dng: n LED vn l mt hng cng ngh cao phi mua t i l c a
hng, b iu khin ca hng no ch chy vi n LED ca ng hng y m thi.
2.1.5. ng dng ca n LED
+ n chiu sng s dng cc LED pht nh sng trng.
+ LED c dng lm b phn hin th trong cc thit b in, in t, n
qung co, trang tr, n giao thng.
+ C nghin cu v cc loi LED c sng tng ng vi bng n bng kh
neon. n chiu sng bng LED c cho l c cc u im nh gn nh, bn, tit
kim nng lng.
+ Cc LED pht ra tia hng ngoi c dng trong cc thit b iu khin t xa cho
in t dn dng.
+ n LED c th c s dng trong nhiu lnh vc nh n c, chiu sng b
bi, nht l cho chiu sng qung co ngoi tri ti nhng ni kh thay l p, do c
tui th cao hn nhiu ln so vi bng n neon, ng thi c nhiu mu sc phong
ph nh: , xanh l, xanh da tri, mu h phch...
nc ta, n LED c ng dng tit kim nng l ng, phc v cho
qung co, chiu sng th. in hnh l vic lp t h thng n LED ti c u
sng Hn v Thun Phc (TP. Nng).
2.2. Phng php iu khin n LED
Theo yu cu ca n: Nghin cu xy dng Bng qung co t LED n .
Hin th c dng ch chy: KHOA IN T. Bng hin th mu , vi kch
thc 16x64. V vy ta chia ra lm 2 modul nh vi kch thc mi modul l 16x32
LED tng ng vi mt LED ma trn c kch thc 16x32. Sau ta iu khin
theo nguyn tc ca LED ma trn.
2.2.1. C s l thuyt
Da trn nguyn tc nh qut mn hnh, ta c th thc hin vic hin th ma trn
n bng cch qut theo hng v qut theo ct. Mi LED trn ma trn LED c th coi
nh mt im nh. a ch ca mi im nh ny c xc nh ng thi bi
Khoa in T
mch gii m hng v gii m ct, im nh ny s c xc nh trng thi nh d

liu a ra t b vi iu khin AT 89C52. Nh vy ti mi thi im ch c tr ng
thi ca mt im nh c xc nh. Tuy nhin khi xc nh a ch v trng thi
ca im nh tip theo th cc
im nh cn li s chuyn v trng thi tt (nu LED ang sng th s tt dn). V
th hin th c ton b hnh nh ca ma trn n, ta c th qut ma trn nhiu
ln vi tc qut rt ln, ln hn nhiu ln thi gian kp tt ca n. Mt ngi
ch nhn bit c ti a 24 hnh/s do nu tc qut rt ln th s khng nhn
ra c s thay i nh ca n m s thy c ton b hnh nh cn hin th.
S khi:
Gii m ct
D liu
Gii m
hng
Ma trn n
LED
Hnh 2.1. S khi dng ma trn LED
thc hin c qut hng v qut ct th ma trn LED c thit k nh sau:

+ Cc LED trn cng mt hng s c ni cc chn dng vi nhau.
+ Cc LED trn cng mt ct s c ni cc chn m vi nhau nh hnh v.
Ta c th m phng mt ma trn LED n gin 4x4 nh sau:
Hnh 2.2. S thit k ma trn LED
Khoa in T
Trng thi ca mt LED s c quyt nh bi tn hiu in p i vo ng

thi c 2 chn. V d LED sng th in p 5v phi a vo chn dng v chn
m phi c ni t, LED s tt khi khng c in p a vo chn dng. Vi
ti ny, chng em chia ra lm 2 modul nh vi kch thc mi modul l 16x32 LED
hin th.
Ta c s nguyn l ca ma trn LED 8x8:
Hnh 2.3. S nguyn l ma trn LED 8x8
2.2.2. Gii thiu chung v h thng

Vi mc ch tm hiu v cch thit k v xy dng mt bng qung co in
t bng n LED n gin chng em xy dng mt h thng quang bo vi s
khi nh sau:
Khi iu khin hin th: c chc nng x l cc d liu m my tnh truyn
ti to ra cc d liu v mc logic cn cp cho cc LED trong tng ct ng thi
iu khin qu trnh cp ngun cho led ma trn. Khi ny c xy dng bng cc
th tc x l d liu trn vi iu khin. Khi nhn c d liu v chui k t cn
hin th th khi ny s to d liu v mc logic cn cp cho LED ma trn. Khi
nhn c d liu v mu sc,
Khoa in T
hiu ng hin th th khi ny s xc nh th tc gi d liu cho cc khi cht d

liu hng v ct.
2.2.3. S khi ca mch hin th dng ma trn LED
2.2.4. Nhim v ca cc khi
B vi iu khin 89S52
y l ni lu gi chng trnh iu khin chnh v d liu cho cc mch gii m
hng v ct. AT89C52 l mt h vi tnh 8 bit n chip CMOS c hiu sut cao, cng
sut ngun tiu th thp v c 4Kbyte b nh ROM Flash xo c/lp trnh c.
Chip ny
c sn xut da vo cng ngh b nh khng mt ni dung c tch hp cao.
AT89S52 c cc c trng chun sau: 8Kbyte Flash, 256 byte RAM, 32 ng xut
nhp, ba b nh thi/m 16 bit, mt cu trc ngt hai mc u tin v 6 nguyn
nhn ngt, mt port ni tip song cng, mch to dao ng v to xung Clock trn
Chip. Ch ngh dng CPU trong khi vn cho php RAM, cc b nh thi/ m,
Port ni tip v h thng ngt hot ng.
M t cc chn ca IC 8952:
Hnh2.4. S chn IC 89S52
- Vcc: Chn cung cp in.

- GND: Chn ni t.
Khoa in T
- Port 0: Port 0 l port xut nhp 8 bit 2 chiu cc D h. Port 0 cn c c u hnh

lm bus a ch (byte thp) v lm bus d liu a hp trong khi truy xut b nh
d liu ngoi v b nh chng trnh ngoi. Port 0 cng nhn cc byte m trong
khi lp trnh cho Flash v xut cc byte m trong khi kim tra chng trnh.
- Port 1: Port 1 l port xut nhp 8 bit hai chiu c cc in tr ko ln bn trong.

Khi cc logic 1 c ghi ln cc chn ca port 1, cc chn ny c ko ln mc
cao bi cc in tr ko ln bn trong v c th c s dng nh l cc ng vo.
Khi lm nhim v
l cc port nhp, cc chn ca port 1 ang c ko xung mc thp do tc ng bn
ngoi s cp dng do c cc in tr ko ln bn trong.
- Port 2: Port 2 l port xut nhp 8 bit hai chiu c cc in tr ko ln bn trong.

Khi cc logic 1 c ghi ln cc chn ca port 2, cc chn ny c s dng nh
l cc ng
vo. Khi lm nhim v port nhp, cc chn ca port 2 ang c ko xung mc
thp do tc ng bn ngoi s cp dng do c cc in tr ko ln bn trong. Port 2
to ra byte cao ca bus a ch trong thi gian tm np lnh t b nh chng trnh
ngoi, v trong thi gian truy xut b nh d liu ngoi s dng cc a ch 16 bit.
- Port 3: L port xut nhp 8 bit hai chiu c cc in tr ko ln bn trong. Khi cc

logic 1 c ghi ln cc chn ca port 3, cc chn ny c ko ln mc cao b i
cc in tr ko ln bn trong v c th c s dng nh l cc ng vo. Khi lm
nhim v port nhp, cc chn ca port 3 ang c ko xung mc thp do tc
ng bn ngoi s cp dng do c cc in tr ko ln bn trong. Port 3 cn c
s dng lm cc chc nng khc ca AT89C52:
P3.0 g vo Port ni tip.
P3.1 g ra Port ni tip.
P3.2 g vo ngt ngoi 0.
P3.3 g vo ngt ngoi 1.
P3.4 g vo bn ngoi ca b nh thi 1.
P3.5 g vo bn ngoi ca b nh thi 0.
P3.6 iu khin ghi b nh d liu ngoi.
P3.7 iu khin c b nh d liu ngoi.
- RST: Ng vo Reset. Mc cao trn chn ny trong 2 chu k my trong khi b dao
ng ang hot ng s Reset AT89S52.
Khoa in T
Hnh 2.5. Mch Reset t ng khi khi ng my
Vi bi ny em thc hin Reset bng cch ni chn 9 ca 89S51 vi ngun 5V .
- ALE: ALE l mt xung ng ra cho php cht a ch ALE (Address Latch Enable)
cho php cht byte thp ca a ch trong thi gian truy xut b nh ngoi. Chn
ny cng c dng lm ng vo xung lp trnh (PROG) trong thi gian lp trnh
cho FlashC.
Khi hot ng bnh thng, xung ca ng ra ALE lun lun c tn s bng 1/6 tn s
ca
mch dao ng trn chip, c th c s dng cho cc mc ch nh thi t bn
ngoi vto xung Clock. Tuy nhin cn lu l mt xung ALE s b b qua trong mi
chu k truyxut ca b nh d liu ngoi.
Khi cn, hot ng cho php cht byte thp ca a ch s c v hiu ho
bng cch set bit 0 ca thanh ghi chc nng c bit c a ch byte l 8E(h). Khi bit
ny c set, ALE ch tch cc trong thi gian thc thi lnh MOVX hoc MOVC.
Ngc li chn ny s cko ln mc cao. Vic set bit khng cho php hot ng
cht byte thp ca a ch skhng c tc dng nu b vi iu khin ang ch
thc thi chng trnh ngoi.
- XTAL1: Ng vo n mch khuch i o ca mch dao ng v ng vo n

mch to xung Clock bn trong chip.
- XTAL2: Ng ra t mch khuch i o ca mch dao ng. to mch dao

ng cho vi iu khin 89C52 hot ng, chng em chn mch to dao ng nh
hnh v di y, vi cc gi tr ca linh kin l: C1 = C2 =30pF.
Thch anh dao ng c tn s 12MHz.
Khoa in T
Ch : C1, C2 = 30 pF 10 pF for Crystals

= 40 pF pF for Ceramic Resonators
Hnh 2.6. Kt ni ca mch dao dng
Mch gii m hng

Dng IC 74LS138 (3 u vo, 8 u ra) gii m cho cc ct ca cc ma trn
LED. Do mi thi im ch c mt IC gii m c lm vic nn ta phi thit k
mch phn knh chn IC lm vic.V d dng chn P2.3 & P2.4 ca vi iu khin
89C52 lm u vo cho mch phn knh.
Hnh 2.7.
S chn IC 74LS138
Khoa in T
Hnh 2.8. S chn IC 74L
Ta c bng 1: bng trng thi cho mch phn knh nh sau:
H = HIGH Level
L = LOW Level
Khoa in T
X = Dont Care
G2 = G2A + G2B
Hnh 2.9. Bng trng thi phn knh
Theo nguyn tc qut ma trn led th ti mi thi im ta ch cp ngun cho

mt hng ca ma trn do c th dng 74LS138 cp ngun cho cc hng ca ma
trn . Cc u vo ( A,B,C) ca 74LS138 s c ni vi cc chn ca IC m tng
dng, cc u ra ca 74LS138 c ni vi cc ct ca ma trn led thng qua mt
cng ph nh ( hoc cc b m dng cp ngun cho hng ), cn cc chn G 1 c
ni vi dng ngun,G2A c ni t, G2B ni vi chn cho php u ra ca IC
m tng dng .Thng qua vic gi tn hiu t vi iu khin ti cc chn u vo
ca 74LS138 ta c th chn c hng cn cp ngun .
Khi m rng ma trn ta tng thm s lng IC cp ngun cho tt c cc
hng, cc IC ny c th cng ni chung hoc ring chn iu khin. Hoc ch s
dng mt IC nhng cp ngun ng thi cho tt c cc ma trn, khi mt chn ca
IC s c ni vi cc hng ca cc ma trn khc nhau
Mch gii m ct
iu khin cp ngun cho ct dng 74HC59
Chc nng ca 74HC59
74HC595 l b ghi dch 8 bt gm c :
1 u vo cho php (OE )
1 u vo chn thanh ghi dch ( MR )
1 u vo d liu ni tip (DS)
1 u vo cp xung cho thanh ghi dch (SH_CP)
1 u vo cp xung cho thanh ghi cha (ST_CP)
8 u ra 3 trng thi ( Q1 n Q7 v Q7)
Khoa in T
Hnh2.10. S chn 74HC595
Bng2 : Chc nng hot ng ca 74HC595

u vo
SH_CP ST_CP OE
MR
DS
u ra
Q7 Qn
Chc nng
MR mc thp d liu ch dch
trong thanh ghi dch u ra

khng i trng thi
Xa thanh ghi dich np d liu
vo thanh ghi cha
Xa thanh ghi dch u ra
trng thi tr khng cao
Dch chuyn trng thi cao vo
thanh ghi dch, gi tr trc
ca bt th 6 trong thanh ghi
Q6
dch c chuyn sang u ra

Q7
Ni dng ca thanh ghi dch
Qn
c chuyn sang thanh ghi

Khoa in T
cha v chuyn sang u ra

Dch chuyn ni dung ca
thanh ghi dch ng thi ni
dung ca thanh ghi dch c
Q6
Qn
c chuyn vo thanh ghi

cha v cc u ra song song
S dng 74HC595 cp ngun cho cc ct ca ma trn

Khi dng 74HC595 cp ngun cho ma trn led ta ni cc u ra song song
ca 74HC595 vi cc chn cp ngun cho cc ct ca ma trn. ng thi phi s
dng 3 chn ca vi iu khin ni vi cc chn DS,SH_CP,ST_CP ca 74HC595.
Cc bit d liu m ha mc logic cn cp cho cc ct ca 1 hng ma trn s c
truyn lin tip DS ca 74HC595. ng b bit th vi iu khin mi khi xut 1
bit ti chn DS s pht mt xung c sn dng vo chn SH_CP. Sau khi truy n
xong ht d liu, cc led trn ct sng th ta phi chuyn d liu trong thanh ghi
dch vo cc u ra ca 74HC595 bng cch cp 1 xung sn dng vo chn
ST_TP. Ch IC c th hot ng v y d liu ra cc chn u ra th chn OE
phi ni t, chn
MR
ni dng ngun.
Khoa in T
Hnh 2.11. Ghp ni 74HC595 vi vi iu khin cp ngun cho hng

ca ma trn
Khi m rng ma trn led ta ghp nhiu 74HC595 ni tip nhau: cc chn SH_CP
c ni chung vi 1 ngun cp xung, cc chn ST_CP cng c ni chung vi
nhau, u ra Q7 ca IC pha trc c ni vi u vo DS ca IC tip theo. Khi
d liu s c dch ng b t IC ny sang IC khc v u ra ca cc IC cng
c cht ng b.
Hnh 2.12. Ghp ni tip cc IC 74HC595
Khoa in T
CHNG 3. THIT K PHN CNG
3.1. Phn tch h thng

3.1.1. Nguyn l hot ng ca bng in t
Nguyn l hot ng ca bng in t da theo nguyn l hot ng ca cc
mn hnh, l s dng phng php qut hnh theo tng dng.Mi dng gm nhiu
im nh, mi im nh c th c mt hoc vi n, mu sc khc nhau. Mi n
c biu din thng qua mt bit d liu, bit 1 tng ng vi n sng, bit 0 tng
ng vi n tt.
Ti mt thi im, khng phi tt c cc dng trn mn hnh u sng nh ng do
tc qut nhanh v s lu nh trn vng mc to cho ngi nhn thy hnh nh lin
tc. Trong qu trnh qut, mch iu khin s a d liu ra Module hin th, chnh
d liu ny s quyt nh im nh no sng, im nh no tt, mu sc ca im
nh l g. Cc im nh ny s to ra hnh nh trn bng in t.
Hnh 3.1. Nguyn tc to nh trn ma trn LED

Khoa in T
3.1.2. Phn tch h thng

Trong n ny, bng in t c kch thc 16x64 cm, ta chia lm 16x64 im
nh, mi im nh l mt n LED, ta chia lm 2 Module, mi Module c kch thc
16x32 im nh.
hin th mt hnh nh ta phi qut ht 16 dng. Nu thi gian qut mt dng
l 1ms, th qut xong mt hnh nh ta phi mt 16ms. Nu thi gian tr cho mt
hnh nh l 34ms th thi gian hin th ca hnh nh l 50ms. Nh vy, ta c th
hin th c 1000/50 = 20 hnh/s.
Cht lng hnh nh ph thuc vo tc dng qut, t l thi gian sng v

thi gian ti ca tng dng. Thi gian qut dng ph thuc vo thi gian y d liu
ra v thi gian tr sng cho dng . tr sng ca dng c nh hng n mc
sng ti cng nh mu sc ca hnh nh, v vy, to ra nhiu mc sng ti v
tng s mu hin th th phi c kh nng thay i tr sng ca dng.
3.2. Thit k tng quan h thng
3.2.1. Thit k tng quan phn cng
Phn cng bng in t gm c: Module iu khin, Module qut dng, Module
quet ct v cc Module hin th. Module iu khin ly d liu a ra bng in t,
ng thi a cc tn hiu iu khin ti Module qut dng iu khin vic qut
dng. Module qut dng da vo cc tn hiu t Module iu khin a tn hiu
chn dng ra Module hin th, quyt nh dng no sng, dng no ti. Cc Module
hin th nhn d liu v tn hiu iu khin t Module iu khin v Module qut
dng, thng qua cc IC chuyn dng iu khin cc n sng ti, to ra hnh nh
trn bng in t.
S khi tng quan phn cng nh sau:
Cc tn hiu
iu khi n
Module iu
khin
Cc tn hiu
qut hng
Kh i gii
m hng
Module
Hin th
Cc tn hiu
ghi dch ct
Khi ghi dch

ra ct
( B ng Led
Ma trn)
Khoa in T
Hnh 3.2. S khi tng quan phn cng
V h thng c thit k theo m hnh ca h thng t ng, nn chng trnh

iu khin phi p ng tt c nhng cng vic t ra ca h thng, khi khi ng
h thng chng trnh iu khin thc hin qut xu vn bn cn hin th, np d
liu nhn c vo b m ca bng in t, sau th hin thng tin ln b ng
in t, cng vic c lp i lp li nhiu ln.
3.2.2. Thit k phn cng

Nh m t , phn cng ca bng in t gm c Module iu khin, Module
qut dng, v cc Module hin th.
Module iu khin ly d liu a ra bng in t, ng thi a cc tn hiu iu
khin ti Module qut dng iu khin vic qut dng.
Module qut dng da vo cc tn hiu t Module iu khin a tn hiu
chn dng ra Module hin th, quyt nh dng no sng, dng no ti.
Cc Module hin th nhn d liu v tn hiu iu khin t Module iu khin
v Module qut dng, thng qua cc IC chuyn dng iu khin cc n sng ti,
to ra hnh nh trn bng in t.
Sau y l thit k chi tit tng module.
a. Module hin th
Module ny c nhim v nhn d liu v cc tn hiu iu khin a ti t
Module iu khin xc nh im nh no s sng hay tt, sng mu g trn mi
dng c qut.
H thng s dng bng hin th Led ma trn anode chung c kch thc 16x32
LED. Cc ma trn ny c ni vi nhau thnh 16 dng v 32 ct. Module hin th s
dng cc ma trn LED.Trong mt Module 16x32 ta chia lm 4 phn nh, mi phn c
kch thc 4x32 LED. Sau y chng em trnh by s nguyn l ca mt bng
hin th c kch thc 16x32 Led.
S nguyn l ca mt Module ma trn LED nh sau:
Error: Reference source not found
Ti mi im l mt n LED. Mi n c hai
cc dng v m. Cc dng s dng iu khin qut dng. Do tt c cc n
trn cng mt dng c chung cc dng (Li). Cc n trn cng mt ct c chung cc
m .
D liu v cc tn hiu iu khin c a ra Module hin th theo ki u y
ni tip. Cc IC iu khin led trn Module hin th s da vo cc tn hiu iu
Khoa in T
khin quyt nh y d liu n cc Module hin th tip theo hoc cht d

liu hin th ra bng in t.
Trn c s , mi module hin th cn phi c cc tn hiu chnh sau :
SHIFT(CLOCK) :Xung ng h dch 1 bit d liu vo t (v ra khi) thanh ghi
dch.
DATA :Xut tn hiu iu khin ra khuch i cng sut 74HC245.
OE : Chn cho php u ra
A, B : Chn xut tn hiu ra hng
LATCH : Cht d liu ra thanh ghi dch cp nht cc im nh trn ct.
Sau y l s nguyn l ca Moule hin th led:
Hnh 3.5. S nguyn l ca mt Moule hin th led
H thng s dng cc IC iu khin led 74HC595.

S chn ca IC ny nh sau:
Khoa in T
Hnh 3.6. S chn ca IC 74HC595
Mi module hin th kch thc 16x32 c iu khin bi 16 IC 74HC595. Mi

IC ny c cc tn hiu vo ra nh sau :
SRCLK(SHIFTM): Xung ng h vo Module.
SDI : Tn hiu d liu vo thanh ghi dch.
SDO : D liu ra t thanh ghi dch.
RCLK(LATCHM): Tn hiu cho php cht d liu t thanh ghi dch.
QA,..,QH : Cc chn ra t b thanh ghi dch 8 bit sau khi c cht
Ngoi ra cn mt s thnh phn khc :
S dng 1 IC 74HC245 lm IC m d liu v khuch i tn hiu (tng dng). S
chn ca IC ny nh sau:
Hnh 3.7. S chn ca IC 74HC245
Hot ng ca Module ny nh sau: Cc bt d liu cho cc Led trn Module

c a n chn SDI ca IC 74HC595 trn Module iu khin Led tng ng ,
u ra SDO ca IC trc c ni vi u vo SDI ca IC tip theo.
Khoa in T
Khi xung SHIFTM c kch hot, ti mi IC, bit d liu u vo SDI c

lu vo thanh ghi dch ti bit b0, ng thi bit b6 dch sang bit b7 v gi tr ca bt b7
c a ra SDO.
Qu trnh dch lin tc n khi ht mt hng ngang cc Module, tng ng vi
cc im nh cn hin th.
Sau khi i mt khong thi gian (ph thuc vo tc qut), d liu cho ct
mi c cp nht bng cch kch hot tn hiu LATCH cht tn hiu t cc
thanh ghi dch ng thi ngun in cung cp cho ct trc b tt chuyn cho
ct k tip.
AM, BM l chn xut tn hiu ra hng.
OEM l chn cho php xut tn hiu u ra a ti Module hin th th nht.
LATCHM l chn cht d liu ca Module hin th th nht.
SHIFTM l chn ghi dch tn hiu ra Module hin th th nht.
DATAM l chn xut tn hiu ra Module hin th th nht.
LATCHN l chn cht d liu ca Module hin th tip theo.
SHIFTN l chn ghi dch tn hiu ra Module hin th tip theo.
u im :
Do s dng IC chuyn dng nn tc y d liu nhanh, nn c th tn dng
thi gian cn li vo vic khc
Do s dng b cht bn trong nn m bo thi gian tt rt nh, khng nh
hng ti sng ca cc im nh
b. Khi gii m hng
Nhim v ca module ny l gii m tn hiu chn dng t module iu khin
a xung, ti mi thi im ch cho mt dng c sng. Bng in t c kch
thc 16 dng v 64 ct, c qut bi mt Module qut dng, u vo l cc tn
hiu iu khin c a xung t Module iu khin, u ra s chn mt trong s
16 dng hin th. Mi Module hin th ti mt thi im ch cho mt dng c
sng.
Module qut dng phi chn mt trong s 16 dng hin th nn cn tn hiu
chn dng t Module iu khin a xung l cc tn hiu AM, BM. Cc tn hiu
chn dng s c gii m bng IC gii m 74LS138. Trn mi dng ca bng in
t c 64 im , do vy mt dng s c 64 n. V vy, cc tn hiu chn dng ny
phi i qua b khuch
i cng sut c th cung cp dng cho 64 n sng ng thi trong trng
hp cc i.
Sau y l s khi v s nguyn l ca mt Module qut dng:
Khoa in T
S khi ca mt Module qut dng:
AM
BM
VCC
B phn
gii m
GND
OEM
.
.
.
B phn
khuych
i cng
sut
Row
0
Row
1
.
.
.
Row
15
Hnh 3.9. S khi ca Module qut hng
B phn gii m gm IC 74LS138, ngoi 2 tn hiu chn dng AM, BM, cn c

mt tn hiu OEM l tn hiu cho php u ra ca b iu khin a t Module dng
bt tt dng c chn. Thc cht l tn hiu cho php IC gii m hot ng,
n cng c ni chung n tt c cc chn cho php ca IC 74LS138. Khi tn hiu
ny mc cao, IC gii m khng hot ng, dng tt. Khi tn hiu ny mc thp,
IC gii m hot ng, ty thuc vo tn hiu AM,BM cho php chn mt trong s 16
dng. iu ny gip ta hon ton c th iu khin c thi im sng ca cc
dng c chn.
B phn khuch i cng sut khi c tn hiu chn dng s cung cp mt
dng in c kh nng cho 64 n sng ng thi. Trn mi Module s gm 8 n
cng sut, trong mi n iu khin hai dng ca Module hin th. S dng 4 con
khuch i cng sut APM4953: L cc ng cung cp ngun cho 16 dng.S
cu to ca APM4953 nh sau:
Hnh 3.11. S cu to ca APM4953
Khoa in T
Tn hiu u ra H1, H2, H3, H4 l cc tn hiu chn hng, mi mt tn hiu ny

c a ti 2 con khuch i APM 4953, u ra ca APM 4953 tng ng vi cc
tn hiu
H1, H2, H3, H4 l HLED1, HLED2, HLED3, HLED4, HLED5, HLED6, HLED7,
HLED8. y ta s dng chun qut Led ma trn 1:4 tc l vi mt tn hiu chn
hng H1 u ra ca IC 74LS138 c a ti u vo ca 2 con khuch i cng
sut APM 4953 ta s c 2 tn hiu u ra ca APM 4953 l HLED1 v HLED5
c a ti Anode ca hng 1 v hng 5 ca Module hin th Led lm cho hng 1 v
hng 5 sng ng thi. Tng t vi cc tn hiu H2, H3, H4 ta c u ra tng ng
l HLED2 v HLED6, HLED3 v HLED7, HLED4 v HLED8
c. Module iu khin
y l Module iu khin chnh ca bng in t vi b x l trung tm l vi
iu khin AT89C52. Module iu khin l Module quan trng nht, n iu khin
ton b hot ng ca h thng. C th ni y l b no ca ton b h thng, n
thc hin cc chc nng sau.
- Nhn d liu t b nh chng trnh ghi vo b nh RAM
- Ly d liu t b nh RAM v hin th qua bng in t thng qua cc thao tc
y d liu v qut hng.
Da trn nhng nguyn l v yu cu cng vic nh vy, Module iu khin
c thit k nh sau.
Trung tm ca Module iu khin cng l thnh phn chnh ca Module iu
khin l vi iu khin AT89S52, vi iu khin ny s iu khin mi hot ng ca
Module iu khin, vi iu khin c ch to trn cng ngh SRAM c kh nng
lu tr chng trnh ln, v c kh nng cu hnh(np li chng trnh) nhiu ln.
Vi iu khin c th c lp trnh bng ngn ng ASSEMBLY hoc C thc
hin cc chc nng cn thit. u im ca vic s dng vi iu khin la:
Nhanh chng xy dng c cc thit b iu khin cn thit vi cc chc nng
phc tp da vao cc cng c thit k mch v ngn ng lp trnh.
C th thc hin vi tc cao do thc hin bng phn cng.
Do vy, vi yu cu ca vic iu khin bng in t chn vi iu khin lm vi
mch iu khin l hp l v cn thit.
Vi iu khin thc hin c d liu t RAM y d liu ra Module qut dng
thng qua cc chn ca Port1 l AD0, AD1, AD2, AD3, AD4, AD5. trong AD0 AD3 l cc tn hiu chn dng,. Mt khc vi iu khin y d liu ra Module hin
th qua cc chn ca Port1 l AD3, AD4, AD5. Trong AD3 l chn tn hiu
SHIFT(CLK) dng a d liu vo thanh ghi dch ca cc IC 74HC595, AD4 l
Khoa in T
chn tn hiu LATCH dng cht d liu vo thanh ghi dch ca cc IC , chn
cn li l AD5 l chn tn hiu iu khin cho cc hng ca Module hin th.
Ngoi ra Module diu khin cn c khi cung cp ngun nui vi iu khin v

khi to xung nhp.
Khoa in T
J1 l gic cm truyn tn hiu t Module iu khin ti bng hin th th nht

cn J2 l gic cm truyn tn hiu t bng hin th th nht sang bng hin th th
hai.
Khoa in T
CHNG 4. THIT K PHN MM

4.1. Lu thut ton
Chng trnh chnh
Khi to h thng
Hin Th
Sai
Tr = x ms
ng
Dch con tr d liu
Sai
S ln dch
= s hng
ng
Hnh 4.1. Lu chng trnh chnh th hin cc bc hin th
Con tr d liu v u
Chng trnh con hin th
Chn ct
Cp ngun v d liu
Sai
Hng=
Nguyn Vn Gii - Lp TC-C T1
K7S
hng Tr
TThot
t Led
Khoa in T
ng
Hnh 4.2. Lu chng trnh con thc hin ni dung hin th
Khoa in T
B t u
L y mu d liu
i=1
Xu t d liu c a
c ct i ra
74HC595
Cht d liu ct i
i=i+1
F
i>8
Hnh 4.3. Lu chng trnh cp ngun cho ma trn Led
4.2. Phn mm
y em thc hin lp trnh bng ngn ng C. Sau y l ni dung phn mm:
#include<reg52.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
unsigned int i,j,k,m,n,p;

unsigned char x,y;
///mang hang/cot
code unsigned char text[32][8]={
Khoa in T
//trang1//D4LTCNTD
0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,
0x0f,0xf6,0x07,0x7e,0x1d,0xfd,0xf7,0xc3,
0x77,0xf6,0xff,0x7d,0xed,0xfd,0xf7,0xdd,
0x7b,0xf6,0xff,0x7b,0xf5,0xfd,0xf7,0xde,
0x7b,0xf6,0xff,0x7b,0xfd,0xfd,0xf7,0xde,
0x7b,0xf6,0xff,0x7b,0xfd,0xfd,0xf7,0xde,
0x7a,0x02,0xff,0x7b,0xfd,0xfd,0xf7,0xde,
0x7a,0xf6,0xff,0x7b,0xfd,0xf9,0xf7,0xde,
0x7a,0xf6,0xff,0x7b,0xfd,0xf5,0xf7,0xde,
0x7a,0xf6,0xff,0x7b,0xfd,0xed,0xf7,0xde,
0x7b,0x76,0xff,0x7b,0xfd,0xdd,0xf7,0xde,
0x7b,0x76,0xff,0x7b,0xfd,0xbd,0xf7,0xde,
0x7b,0xb6,0xff,0x7b,0xf5,0x7d,0xf7,0xde,
0x77,0xb6,0xff,0x7d,0xec,0xfd,0xf7,0xdd,
0x0f,0xd6,0xf8,0x0e,0x1d,0xfd,0x80,0xc3,
Khoa in T
//trang 2//epu
0xff,0xff,0x80,0xcf,0xfc,0x3f,0xff,0xff,
0xff,0xff,0x80,0xcf,0xf8,0x1f,0xff,0xff,
0xff,0xff,0x9f,0xcf,0xf1,0x8f,0xff,0xff,
0xff,0xff,0x9f,0xcf,0xf3,0xcf,0xff,0xff,
0xff,0xff,0x81,0xc1,0xf3,0xcf,0xff,0xff,
0xff,0xff,0x81,0xc0,0x73,0xcf,0xff,0xff,
0xff,0xff,0x9f,0xce,0x33,0xcf,0xff,0xff,
0xff,0xff,0x9f,0xcf,0x33,0xcf,0xff,0xff,
0xff,0xff,0x9f,0xcf,0x33,0xcf,0xff,0xff,
0xff,0xff,0x9f,0xce,0x33,0xcf,0xff,0xff,
0xff,0xff,0x80,0xc0,0x73,0xcf,0xff,0xff,
Khoa in T
0xff,0xff,0x80,0xc1,0xf3,0xcf,0xff,0xff,
};
code unsigned char chuchay[16][13]={
0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,
0x0f,0xf6,0x07,0x7e,0x1d,0xfd,0xf7,0xc3,0xff,0x80,0xcf,0xfc,0x3f,
0x77,0xf6,0xff,0x7d,0xed,0xfd,0xf7,0xdd,0xff,0x80,0xcf,0xf8,0x1f,
0x7b,0xf6,0xff,0x7b,0xf5,0xfd,0xf7,0xde,0xff,0x9f,0xcf,0xf1,0x8f,
0x7b,0xf6,0xff,0x7b,0xfd,0xfd,0xf7,0xde,0xff,0x9f,0xcf,0xf3,0xcf,
0x7b,0xf6,0xff,0x7b,0xfd,0xfd,0xf7,0xde,0xff,0x9f,0xcf,0xf3,0xcf,
0x7a,0x02,0xff,0x7b,0xfd,0xfd,0xf7,0xde,0xff,0x9f,0xcf,0xf3,0xcf,
0x7a,0xf6,0xff,0x7b,0xfd,0xf9,0xf7,0xde,0xff,0x81,0xc1,0xf3,0xcf,
0x7a,0xf6,0xff,0x7b,0xfd,0xf5,0xf7,0xde,0xff,0x81,0xc0,0x73,0xcf,
0x7a,0xf6,0xff,0x7b,0xfd,0xed,0xf7,0xde,0xff,0x9f,0xce,0x33,0xcf,
0x7b,0x76,0xff,0x7b,0xfd,0xdd,0xf7,0xde,0xff,0x9f,0xcf,0x33,0xcf,
0x7b,0x76,0xff,0x7b,0xfd,0xbd,0xf7,0xde,0xff,0x9f,0xcf,0x33,0xcf,
Khoa in T
0x7b,0xb6,0xff,0x7b,0xf5,0x7d,0xf7,0xde,0xff,0x9f,0xce,0x33,0xcf,
0x77,0xb6,0xff,0x7d,0xec,0xfd,0xf7,0xdd,0xff,0x80,0xc0,0x73,0xcf,
0x0f,0xd6,0xf8,0x0e,0x1d,0xfd,0x80,0xc3,0xff,0x80,0xc1,0xf3,0xcf,
0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff
};
/*
0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xcf,0xff,0xff,0x7f,
0xe1,0x39,0x7f,0x78,0x82,0x3c,0x3f,0x38,
0xc1,0x39,0x7f,0x70,0x82,0x3c,0x3f,0x98,
0x99,0x39,0x7f,0x66,0xf2,0x3c,0x3f,0xcf,
0x39,0x39,0x7f,0x4e,0xf2,0x3c,0x3f,0xcf,
0x39,0x39,0x7f,0x4e,0xf2,0x3c,0x3f,0xcf,
0x30,0x01,0x3f,0x4c,0xc2,0x1c,0x3f,0xcf,
0x30,0x01,0x3f,0x4c,0xc2,0x0c,0x3f,0xcf,
0x39,0x39,0x7f,0x4e,0xf2,0x24,0x3f,0xcf,
Khoa in T
0x99,0x39,0x7f,0x66,0xf2,0x30,0x3f,0xcf,
0xc1,0x39,0x7f,0x70,0x82,0x38,0x3f,0xcf,
0xe1,0x39,0x7f,0x78,0x82,0x3c,0x3f,0xcf,
0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xd7,0xff,0xff,0xff,
0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xef,0xff,0xff,0xff,
0x7e,0xfc,0xf3,0x24,0x4f,0xce,0x7f,0x9c,
0x3c,0xf8,0x73,0x26,0x4f,0xce,0x3f,0x98,
0x19,0xf3,0x33,0x27,0x4f,0xce,0x1f,0x93,
0x99,0xff,0x93,0x27,0x4f,0xce,0x9f,0x9f,
0x99,0xff,0xc3,0x27,0x4f,0xce,0x9f,0x9f,
0x99,0xff,0xe3,0x27,0x47,0xc0,0x9f,0x1f,
0x99,0xff,0xc3,0x27,0x43,0xc0,0x9f,0x1f,
Khoa in T
0x99,0xff,0x93,0x27,0x49,0xce,0x9f,0x9f,
0x19,0xf3,0x33,0x27,0x4c,0xce,0x1f,0x93,
0x39,0xf8,0x73,0x26,0x4e,0xce,0x3f,0x98,
0x71,0xfc,0xf3,0x26,0x4f,0xce,0x7f,0x9c,
0xef,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,
0xff,0xff,0xff,0xef,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,
0xff,0xff,0xff,0xdf,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,
0xff,0xff,0xff,0x1f,0xf7,0xff,0xff,0xff,
0x93,0x73,0xf8,0x0f,0x3a,0x7e,0xfe,0xe7,
0x93,0x33,0xf0,0xc7,0x9c,0x7c,0xfe,0xe7,
0x93,0x13,0xe3,0x67,0xc8,0x79,0xfe,0x67,
0x93,0x93,0xe7,0xe7,0xc9,0x79,0xfe,0x27,
0x13,0x90,0xe7,0xe7,0xc9,0x79,0xfe,0x87,
0x10,0x90,0xe7,0xe7,0xc9,0x79,0xfe,0xc7,
Khoa in T
0x90,0x93,0xe7,0xe7,0xc9,0x79,0xfe,0x87,
0x93,0x93,0xe7,0xe7,0xc9,0xb9,0xfd,0x27,
0xb3,0x1b,0xe7,0xc7,0xc8,0xd9,0xfb,0x67,
0x73,0x3d,0xf0,0x0f,0xcc,0xc9,0xf3,0xe7,
0xf3,0x7e,0xf8,0x1f,0xce,0xc9,0xf3,0xe7,
0xff,0xfe,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xfe,0xff,
0x7f,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xfd,0xff,
0xc9,0xc9,0x39,0xce,0xf9,0xff,0xff,0xff,
0xcc,0xc9,0x19,0xcc,0xf9,0xff,0xff,0xff,
0xce,0xc9,0x89,0xc9,0xf9,0xff,0xff,0xff,
0xcf,0xc9,0xc9,0xcf,0xf9,0xff,0xff,0xff,
0xcf,0x09,0xc8,0xcf,0xf9,0xff,0xff,0xff,
Khoa in T
0x0f,0x08,0xc8,0x0f,0xf8,0xff,0xff,0xff,
0x0f,0xc8,0xc9,0x0f,0xf8,0xff,0xff,0xff,
0xcf,0xc9,0xc9,0xcf,0xf9,0xff,0xff,0xff,
0xce,0xd9,0x8d,0xc9,0xf9,0xff,0xff,0xff,
0xcc,0xb9,0x1e,0xcc,0xf9,0xff,0xff,0xff,
o
0xcd,0x79,0x3f,0xce,0xf9,0xff,0xff,0xff,
0xff,0x7f,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,
0xff,0xff,0xfe,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,
*/
bdata unsigned char bbyte;
sbit LSB = bbyte^0;
sbit MSB = bbyte^7;
// 32x16 red
sbit oe=P0^0;
sbit a=P0^1;
sbit b=P0^2;
sbit clk=P0^4;
sbit sclk=P0^3;
sbit r=P0^5;
void delay (unsigned int ms)
Khoa in T
{
unsigned int t;
for(t=1;t<ms;t++)
{
TMOD = 0x01;
TH0 = -1000/256;
TL0 = -1000%256;
TF0 = 0;
TR0 = 1;
while (TF0 == 0);
TR0 = 0;
}
}
void chu_tinh(unsigned char trang)
{
unsigned int hang,cot,chuanquet,dich;
for(chuanquet=0;chuanquet<=3;)
{
if(chuanquet==0) {oe=1;a=0;b=0;}
clk=0;
for(cot=0;cot<=7;)
{
for(hang=(chuanquet+trang*16);hang<=(15+trang*16);)
{
bbyte= text[hang][cot];
for(dich=1;dich<=8;dich++)
{
sclk=0;
Khoa in T
r=MSB;
sclk=1;
bbyte=(bbyte<<1);
}
hang=hang+4;
}
cot++;
}
oe=0;
clk=1;
chuanquet++;
}
}
void start_right(unsigned char chuanquet,unsigned int width)
{
unsigned int hang,cot,dich;
clk=0;
for(cot=0;cot<=7;)
{
for(hang=chuanquet;hang<=15+chuanquet;)
{
if ((cot+width/8)<=6)
{
x=0xff;
Khoa in T
y=0xff;
}
if ((cot+width/8)==7)
{
x=0xff;
y=(chuchay[hang][cot-(7-width/8)]);
}
if ((cot+width/8)>7)
{
x=(chuchay[hang][cot-(8-width/8)]);
y=(chuchay[hang][cot-(7-width/8)]);
}
bbyte=((x<<(width%8))|(y>>(8-(width%8))));
{
sclk=0;
r=MSB;
sclk=1;
bbyte=(bbyte<<1);
}
hang=hang+4;
}
cot++;
}
oe=0;
clk=1;
}
void end_left(unsigned char chuanquet,unsigned int width)
{
unsigned int hang,cot,dich;
Khoa in T
clk=0;
for(cot=0;cot<=7;)
{
for(hang=chuanquet;hang<=15+chuanquet;)
{
if ((cot+width/8)<=6)
{
x=(chuchay[hang][5+cot+width/8]);
y=(chuchay[hang][6+cot+width/8]);
}
if ((cot+width/8)==7)
{
x=(chuchay[hang][5+cot+width/8]);
y=0xff;
}
if ((cot+width/8)>7)
{
x=0xff;
y=0xff;
}
bbyte=((x<<(width%8))|(y>>(8-(width%8))));
{
sclk=0;
r=MSB;
sclk=1;
Khoa in T
bbyte=(bbyte<<1);
}
hang=hang+4;
}
cot++;
}
oe=0;
clk=1;
}
main(void)
{
delay(20);
while(1)
{
for(i=1;i<=100;i++)
{
chu_tinh(0);
}
for(i=1;i<=100;i++)
{
chu_tinh(1);
}
for(p=1;p<=104;p++)
{
for(j=1;j<=4;j++)//toc do chay
{
start_right(0,p);
start_right(1,p);
start_right(2,p);
start_right(3,p);
}
Khoa in T
}
for(p=1;p<=64;p++)
{
for(j=1;j<=4;j++)//toc do chay
{
end_left(0,p);
end_left(1,p);
end_left(2,p);
end_left(3,p);
}
}
}
}
CHNG 5. KT LUN V PHNG HNG PHT TRIN

5.1. Kt Lun
Thng qua ti: Nghin cu xy dng Bng qung co t LED n
sinh vin rt ra c nhiu bi hc rt b ch, hc tp c tinh th n lm vi c
nghim tc, nht l vic kt hp kin thc ca cc mn chuyn ngnh m sinh
c trang b trong nh trng thc hin ti. Bn cnh nhm nghin c u
cng t nh gi c phn no cn hn ch, t nhiu b sung thm cc kin thc
mn hoc chuyn ngnh v mt phong cch lm vic khoa hc, nghim tc.
Trong iu kin thi gian nghin cu c hn, vn nghin cu cn rt mi
i vi sinh vin nghin cu nn trong thi gian thc hin ti, em gp khng
t nhng kh khn nhng nh c s hng dn tn tnh ca thy inh Xun Phi
h ng d n , cng vi s n lc, lng am m, ham hc hi ca bn thn nn em
hon thnh nhim v c giao. ti ny c ngha rt ln bi v n mang tnh
khoa hc, tnh thc t v tnh kinh t cao:
Tnh khoa hc:

Bng nhng vn kin thc chuyn mn ca ngnh in T, em vn dng
thc hin yu cu ti t ra.
Khoa in T
Gii thiu mt s loi qung co in t, nhng phng n thc hin, cch

thit k, xy dng chng trnh v thi cng hon chnh 1 sn phm: Bng qung
co in t t LED n .
Hin th dng ch chy chnh xc, mu sc bt mt hin th ng theo yu

cu t ra..
Tnh thc t :
ti ny thc hin c ng dng vo thc t i sng v qung b
thng hiu c bit c dng trong cc ta nh, ca hng, vn phng a c
thng tin hu ch ti mi ngi.
Tnh kinh t:
Lng linh kin s dng trong mch khng nhiu, c th c sn xut
theo quy m cng nghip tuy nhin cn chnh sa v pht trin thm.
ti hon thnh thc t ch p ng v mt hc tp, n l ng dng nhng
kin thc hc vo gii quyt mt cng vic c th trong hc tp, p ng nhu
cu my m hc hi ca sinh vin. Cn v mt thm m - kinh t v chnh xc
cao th khng th so snh c vi cc thit b chuyn dng c sn trn th trng.
Qua qu trnh thc hin ti, nhm nghin cu t nh gi c phn no
cn hn ch, t nhiu b sung thm cc kin thc mn hoc chuyn ngnh v mt
phong cch lm vic khoa hc, nghim tc.
5.2. Hng pht trin
Trong mch iu khin ca bng in t LED s thit k thm phn giao
tip my tnh, nu c thm thi gian em s pht trin thm chng trnh iu khin
thay i ni dung hin th bng in t t my tnh v hin th c a sc. Chng
trnh iu khin t my tnh s to c iu kin thun li nhm pht huy tnh
sng to v kh nng thng tin kp thi, chnh xc ti mi ngi
5.3.Mt s hnh nh thc t
Khoa in T
MC LC
LI NI U..............................................................................................................................1
GV hng dn:...........................................................................................................................2
....................................................................................................................................................3
CHNG 1. T VN V NHIM V................................................................................3
1.1. L do chn ti..............................................................................................................3
1.2. i tng nghin cu.......................................................................................................3
1.3. Phng php nghin cu.................................................................................................3
CHNG 2. TNG QUAN V PHNG PHP IU KHIN LED MA TRN........................4
2.1. Khi qut chung v LED...................................................................................................4
2.1.1. Lch s hnh thnh n LED......................................................................................4
2.1.2. Khi nim v LED......................................................................................................4
2.1.3. Hot ng ca n LED............................................................................................4
2.1.4. u nhc im ca n LED....................................................................................5
2.1.5. ng dng ca n LED.............................................................................................6
2.2. Phng php iu khin n LED...................................................................................6
2.2.1. C s l thuyt...........................................................................................................6
2.2.2. Gii thiu chung v h thng....................................................................................8
2.2.3. S khi ca mch hin th dng ma trn LED.....................................................9
2.2.4. Nhim v ca cc khi..............................................................................................9
S dng 74HC595 cp ngun cho cc ct ca ma trn..............................................16
Hnh 2.12. Ghp ni tip cc IC 74HC595...............................................................................17
CHNG 3. THIT K PHN CNG.....................................................................................18
3.1. Phn tch h thng.........................................................................................................18
3.1.1. Nguyn l hot ng ca bng in t...................................................................18
3.1.2. Phn tch h thng...................................................................................................19
3.2. Thit k tng quan h thng..........................................................................................19
3.2.1. Thit k tng quan phn cng ................................................................................19
3.2.2. Thit k phn cng.................................................................................................20
CHNG 4. THIT K PHN MM........................................................................................28
Khoa in T
4.1. Lu thut ton...........................................................................................................28

4.2. Phn mm......................................................................................................................30
CHNG 5. KT LUN V PHNG HNG PHT TRIN..............................................44
5.1. Kt Lun.........................................................................................................................44
5.2. Hng pht trin.............................................................................................................45

Bao Cao Thuc Tap Led Ma Tran 9698

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Bao Cao Thuc Tap Led Ma Tran 9698

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Trng H Cng Nghip H ni

cu xy dng Bng qung co t LED Ma tr n lm ti thc tp tt

Sinh vin th c hi n: Nguy n Vn

Nguyn Vn Gii - Lp TC-C T1 K7

Trng H Cng Nghip H ni

Nhn xt ca gio vin hng dn

Nguyn Vn Gii - Lp TC-C T1 K7

Trng H Cng Nghip H ni

Nguyn Vn Gii - Lp TC-C T1 K7

Trng H Cng Nghip H ni

CHNG 2. TNG QUAN V PHNG PHP IU KHIN LED MA

Trng H Cng Nghip H ni

bin gii hai bn mt tip gip, mt s in t b l trng thu ht v khi chng

Trng H Cng Nghip H ni

+ Bn vng c bit: Do c lm t cht liu nha cao cp nn n LED c th

Trng H Cng Nghip H ni

mch gii m hng v gii m ct, im nh ny s c xc nh trng thi nh d

Hnh 2.1. S khi dng ma trn LED

thc hin c qut hng v qut ct th ma trn LED c thit k nh sau:

Hnh 2.2. S thit k ma trn LED

Nguyn Vn Gii - Lp TC-C T1 K7

Trng H Cng Nghip H ni

Trng thi ca mt LED s c quyt nh bi tn hiu in p i vo ng

Ta c s nguyn l ca ma trn LED 8x8:

Hnh 2.3. S nguyn l ma trn LED 8x8

2.2.2. Gii thiu chung v h thng

Nguyn Vn Gii - Lp TC-C T1 K7

Trng H Cng Nghip H ni

hiu ng hin th th khi ny s xc nh th tc gi d liu cho cc khi cht d

Hnh2.4. S chn IC 89S52

- Vcc: Chn cung cp in.

Nguyn Vn Gii - Lp TC-C T1 K7

Trng H Cng Nghip H ni

- Port 0: Port 0 l port xut nhp 8 bit 2 chiu cc D h. Port 0 cn c c u hnh

- Port 1: Port 1 l port xut nhp 8 bit hai chiu c cc in tr ko ln bn trong.

- Port 2: Port 2 l port xut nhp 8 bit hai chiu c cc in tr ko ln bn trong.

- Port 3: L port xut nhp 8 bit hai chiu c cc in tr ko ln bn trong. Khi cc

Nguyn Vn Gii - Lp TC-C T1 K7

Trng H Cng Nghip H ni

Hnh 2.5. Mch Reset t ng khi khi ng my

Vi bi ny em thc hin Reset bng cch ni chn 9 ca 89S51 vi ngun 5V .

- XTAL1: Ng vo n mch khuch i o ca mch dao ng v ng vo n

- XTAL2: Ng ra t mch khuch i o ca mch dao ng. to mch dao

Trng H Cng Nghip H ni

Ch : C1, C2 = 30 pF 10 pF for Crystals

Mch gii m hng

Nguyn Vn Gii - Lp TC-C T1 K7

Trng H Cng Nghip H ni

Hnh 2.8. S chn IC 74L

Ta c bng 1: bng trng thi cho mch phn knh nh sau:

Trng H Cng Nghip H ni

Theo nguyn tc qut ma trn led th ti mi thi im ta ch cp ngun cho

Nguyn Vn Gii - Lp TC-C T1 K7

Trng H Cng Nghip H ni

Hnh2.10. S chn 74HC595

Bng2 : Chc nng hot ng ca 74HC595

trong thanh ghi dch u ra

dch c chuyn sang u ra

Nguyn Vn Gii - Lp TC-C T1 K7

c chuyn sang thanh ghi

Trng H Cng Nghip H ni

cha v chuyn sang u ra

c chuyn vo thanh ghi

S dng 74HC595 cp ngun cho cc ct ca ma trn