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Cng thc Nguyn Phn- gim phn

Cng thc Nguyn Phn Gi x l s tbo m ban u c b lng bi = 2n, k l s ln nguyn phn lin tip 1. Tng s TB con c to thnh = 2k .x 2. S TB mi c to thnh t nguyn liu mi trng = (2k 1) x 3. S TB mi c to thnh hon ton tnguyn liu mi trng =(2k 2) x 4. Tng NST c trong cc TB con = 2n. x. 2k 5. Mi trng ni bo cung cp nguyn liu tng ng vi s NST = 2n.(2k 1) x Cng thc Gim Phn Gi x l s TB m ban u( 2n NST) 1. x t bo sinh dc s khai sau k ln nguyn phn = x. 2k TBSD chn 2. Mi trng ni bo cn cung cp nguyn liu tng ng vi s NST n cho k ln nguyn phn lin tip = x. 2n (2k 1) 3. x. 2k TBSD chn ---- gim phn ----> 4. x. 2k tbo con ( 4. x. 2k t bo con th c 4. x. 2k tinh trng ging c, x. 2k trng ging ci ) - Tng NST trong 4. x. 2k tinh trng = n.4. x. 2k - Tng NST trong . x. 2k trng = n. x. 2k 4. Mi trng ni bo cn cung cp nguyn liu tng ng vi s NST n cho qu trnh gim phn = x. 2n .2k - Tng nguyn liu mi trng cung cp cho x t bo sinh dc s khai sau k ln nguyn phn v gim phn = x. 2n ( 2.2k 1) 5. Gi n l s cp NST tng ng c cu trc khc nhau, r l s cp NST tng dng xy ra trao I cho ti 1 im( r n) * Nu khng xy ra TC : - S loi giao t to ra = 2n - T l mi loi giao t = 1/2n - S loi hp t to ra = 4n * Nu xy ra TC : - S loi giao t to ra = 2n +r - T l mi loi giao t =1/2n +r - S loi hp t to ra ph thuc vo TC xy ra 1 hay 2 bn c , ci

CNG THC SINH HC 1- NGUYN PHN V GIM PHN S lng NST n mi cung cp cho nguyn phn. - Nguyn liu cung cp tng ng: (2k 1)2n - k l s t nguyn phn lin tip ca mt t bo, 2n l b NST lng bi ca loi. - Nguyn liu cung cp to nn cc NST n c nguyn liu mi hon ton: (2k 2)2n S lng thoi t v sc c hnh thnh (hoc b ph hu) to ra cc t bo con sau k t nguyn phn: (2k 1) S lng NST n mi trng cung cp cho 2k t bo sinh tinh hoc sinh trng qua gim phn to ra tinh trng hoc trng: 2k.2n S lng thoi t v sc hnh thnh (hoc ph hu) cho 2k t bo sinh dc thc hin gim phn:2k.3 S tinh trng hnh thnh khi kt thc gim phn ca 2k t bo sinh tinh trng: 2k.4 S lng trng hnh thnh khi kt thc gim phn ca 2k t bo sinh trng l: 2k S loi trng (hoc s loi tinh trng) to ra khc nhau v ngun gc NST: 2n (n l s cp NST) S cch sp xp NST k gia I ca gim phn: C 1 cp NST c 1 cch sp xp C 2 cp NST c 2 cch sp xp C 3 cp NST c 4 cch sp xp (9) Vy nu c n cp NST s c 2n/2 cch sp xp NST k gia I. S loi giao t to ra khi c trao i on. - Trng hp 1: loi c n cp NST m mi cp NST c cu trc khc nhau trong c k cp NST m mi cp c trao i on ti mt im vi iu kin n>k: S loi giao t = 2n + k (10) - Trng hp 2: Loi c n cp NST, c Q cp NST m mi cp c 2 trao i on khng xy ra cng lc

vi n > Q: S loi giao t = 2n.3Q (11) - Trng hp 3: loi c n cp NST, c m cp NST m mi cp c 2 trao i on khng cng lc v 2 trao i on cng lc: S loi giao t: 2n + 2m (12) S loi giao t thc t c to ra t mt t bo sinh tinh hoc mt t bo sinh trng: - T mt t bo sinh tinh trng: + Khng c trao i on: 2 loi tinh trng trong tng s 2n loi + C trao i on 1 ch trn k cp NST ca loi: c 4 loi tinh trng trong tng s 2n + k loi +C trao i on 2 ch khng cng lc trn Q cp NST ca loi: c 4 loi tinh trng trong tng s nn.3Q + C trao i on 2 ch cng lc v 2 ch khng cng lc: c 4 loi tinh trng trong tng s 2n + 2m - T mt t bo sinh trng: Thc t ch to ra mt loi trng trong tng s loi trng c hnh thnh trong mi trng hp:1/2n, 1/2n+k, 1/23.3Q, n+2m, S lng t bo con n bi c to ra sau gim phn. - t bo sinh tinh v sinh trng, mi t bo sau khi kt thc gim phn to c 4 t bo n bi. Vy nu c 2k t bo bc vo gim phn th ng vt s to ra: 2k x 4 t bo n bi (22) - thc vt mi t bo sinh ht phn, khi kt thc gim phn to ra c 4 t bo n bi, mi t bo ny tip tc nguyn phn 2 ln ch to nn 3 t bo n bi, hnh thnh nn ht phn chn. Vy s lng t bo n bi to ra t 2k t bo thnh ht phn bng: 2k x 4 x 3 = 2k x 12 (23) i vi t bo sinh non cu, mi t bo sau khi kt thc gim phn to ra 4 t bo n bi trong c mt t bo kch thc ln li tip tc nguyn phn lin tip 3 t va to ra 8 t bo con n bi, trong c 1 t bo trng chn. Vy nu c 2k t bo sinh non khi kt thc qu trnh to giao t s to c mt s lng t bo n bi bng: 2k x 3 + 2k x 8 = 2k x 11 (24) v d 1.mt hp t ca mt loi nguyn phn lin tip mt s ln ly nguyn liu ca mi trng t bo to ra tng ng 570 NST n. Xc nh: a/s ln nguyn phn ca hp t b/s NST v trng thi ca NST trong 2 t bo ca hp t khi tri qua cc k ca nguyn phn? c/tnh s t bo sinh trng,s t bo sinh tinh sinh ra tinh trng th tinh ni trn? bit hiu sut th tinh ca tinh trng l 6,25%(loi ny c 2n=38)[/B] a. gi s ln nguyn phn ca hp t l x ln => (2^x -1)x2n =570 vi 2n = 38 => x=4. Vy s ln nguyn phn ca hp t l 4 ln b. hic ! ci ny xem trong sgk nh! mnh ko nu ln na c. c 1 hp t c to t s kt hp ca 1 trng & 1 tinh trng =>s t bo sinh trng l 1tb ( nu hiu sut th tinh ca trng l 100%) s t bo sinh tinh trng l (1: 6,25%)/4=4 tb 2. c 1 s trng v mt s tinh trng tham gia th tinh, bit hiu sut th tinh ca tinh trng l 6,25%. Hiu sut th tinh ca trng l 50%. C 20 hp t c to thnh. Hy tnh: a/s trng, s tinh trng c th tinh b/s t bo sinh tinh c/s t bo sinh trng v s th nh hng b tiu bin (1t bo sinh trng to ra 1 trng v 3 th nh hng) hc k 2 s ra my dng ton ny nhiu lm my bn c m luyn tp dn vi dng ny nh :D a. s trng & s tinh trng c th tinh l 20 b. s t bo sinh tinh l (20:6,25%) /4= 80 c. s tb sinh trng l 20: 50% = 40 s th nh hng b tiu bin l 40x3= 120

v d 1.mt hp t ca mt loi nguyn phn lin tip mt s ln ly nguyn liu ca mi trng t bo to ra tng ng 570 NST n. Xc nh: a/s ln nguyn phn ca hp t b/s NST v trng thi ca NST trong 2 t bo ca hp t khi tri qua cc k ca nguyn phn? c/tnh s t bo sinh trng,s t bo sinh tinh sinh ra tinh trng th tinh ni trn? bit hiu sut th tinh ca tinh trng l 6,25%(loi ny c 2n=38)[/b] a. gi s ln nguyn phn ca hp t l x ln => (2^x -1)x2n =570 vi 2n = 38 => x=4. Vy s ln nguyn phn ca hp t l 4 ln b. hic ! ci ny xem trong sgk nh! mnh ko nu ln na c. c 1 hp t c to t s kt hp ca 1 trng & 1 tinh trng =>s t bo sinh trng l 1tb ( nu hiu sut th tinh ca trng l 100%) s t bo sinh tinh trng l (1: 6,25%)/4=4 tb 2. c 1 s trng v mt s tinh trng tham gia th tinh, bit hiu sut th tinh ca tinh trng l 6,25%. Hiu sut th tinh ca trng l 50%. C 20 hp t c to thnh. Hy tnh: a/s trng, s tinh trng c th tinh b/s t bo sinh tinh c/s t bo sinh trng v s th nh hng b tiu bin (1t bo sinh trng to ra 1 trng v 3 th nh hng) hc k 2 s ra my dng ton ny nhiu lm my bn c m luyn tp dn vi dng ny nh a. s trng & s tinh trng c th tinh l 20 b. s t bo sinh tinh l (20:6,25%) /4= 80 c. s tb sinh trng l 20: 50% = 40 s th nh hng b tiu bin l 40x3= 120

Bi tp
Cu1:C 50TB 2n ca 1 loi cha bit tn tri qua 1s t nguyn phn lin tip thu c 6400TB con. a)Tm s t nguyn phn. b)Nu trong ln nguyn phn cui cng, ngi ta m trong tt c cc TB c 499200 crmatic th b NST ca loi l bao nhiu? c)Qa trnh nguyn phn ni trn c cung cp nguyn liu tng ng bao nhiu NST n? Cu2: g 2n=78 c 1TB sinh dng tri qua 4ln nguyn phn lin tip. a)Tm s TB con thu c v tnh tng s NST trong cc TB con. b)Trong qu trnh nguyn phn trn, hy cho bit trong mi TB: - S tm ng k u? - S tm ng k sau? - S NST k cui ? Cu3: 1 tri g ging, trong mt t p trng, ngi ta thu c 3800 con g con. Kim tra tt c cc g m , bit c t l th tinh ca trng l 100%, t l n so vi trng th tinh l 95%. a)Cho bit s lng TB sinh trng tham gia to n g con. b)Bit rng g 2n=78, hy tnh s lng NST b tiu bin trong t hnh thnh TB trng ni trn.

Cu 4:Vt nh c b NST 2n=80 C mt t bo sinh dc s khai c v mt t bo sinh dc s khai ci u c s ln nguyn phn bng nhau vng sinh sn tt c t bo con to ra u c chuyn chnh gim phn to ra 160 giao t ci v giao t c . Xc nh : a, S ln nguyn phn ca mi t bo sinh dc s khai cho b,s NST trong cc tinh trng nhiu hn s NST c trong trng c,S NST b tiu bin trong cc th nh hng d,S NST mi trng cung cp ,cho mi t bo sinh dc s khai cho pht sinh giao t

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