Professional Documents
Culture Documents
I.
I.
1.2. M heo
M l tn gi chung cho cht bo c ngun
gc ng vt. Cht bo hay lipid l mt trong 3
nhm thc phm chnh yu v l ngun nng
lng quan trng cho c th.
2
2+
1.5.
Tnh cht vt l
Tinh th rn khng mu, khng mi
C v mui nht
Nhit nng chy 232 C
tan trong nc 74 g/ml
Glutamat natri l 1 cht trong nhm Umami (ting Nht: thm ngon) c kh nng
tng khu v, tng cm gic ngon ming, c bit trong cc mn n c c, tht hay
nm. V th glutamat natri c dng nhiu trong cng nghip ch bin thc phm,
vi s c mt ca nhiu m chnh c th gim c cc gia v khc v i khi thay i
c v gc ca thc phm m vn cho cm gic ngon ming. Trong cc thc phm ch
bin sn nh bt nm, bt canh, khoai ty chin,... thng c nhiu bt ngt
Dng bt ngt c th dn n vic gim lng mui n trong thc phm v khi c
bt ngt khng cn thm nhiu cc gia v khc. Khi n, bt ngt hay cc cht trong
nhm Umami bo hiu cho c th thc phm cha nhiu m v lin tng n v
tht.
1.6. Tiu
Ht tiu en nguyn ht l qu ca cy Piper nigrum L. cn nguyn, thng c
ly trc khi chng chn hon ton. Ht tiu en thng c ng knh t 3mm n
6mm v c mu nu, mu xm hoc mu en c v nhn.
Ht tiu en dng bt l ht tiu en c nghin nh, khng cha bt k tp
cht l no.
Mi v: khi nghin thnh bt c mi thm c trng ca ht tiu en, cay v khng
c mi v v l.
Ht tiu en khng c c nm mc, cn trng v cc phn xc ca cn trng
nhn thy c bng mt thng (k c knh lp).
1.7. Nc nm
Nc mm phi c trong ch bin gi la, cng dng to hng v c
trng cho sn phm.
1.8. Mui phosphate
Pholyphosphate l nhng polymer hay mt cch chnh xc hn l nhng a
phn t ca mui natri hay kali ca cc acid ortho- hoc meta- phosphoric. Thng s
dng l pyro-, tri-, tetra- polyphosphate. Tc dng ca polyphosphate l n nh cu
trc thc phm, ngoi ra c tc dng sau:
Kh nng gi nuc: Sn phm ch bin t tht c kh nng gi nc v tnh
ha tan ca cc protein ch yu l protein ca t c. C hi trng hp trn
u c lien quan n mi lien kt gia protein v nc. Polyphosphate c
xem nh l tc nhn gi nc vi c ch to cu trc m do vic b gy cc
cu ni gia cc chui peptit v nh vy mi trng s c hydrat ha. Hot
ng ca phosphate trong vic ci thin s gi nc biu th 3 mt:
o Nng pH
o Hnh thnh lin kt vi ion Ca2+ v Mg2+
o Gy ra s dui protein ca c, to cc v tr c kh nng lin kt m tt
hn.
Tng tnh kh nng ha tan ca cc protein: Polyphosphate c vai tr
quan trng trong vic tng kh nng gi nc v ha tan protein. Chng phi
m bo s ha tan tip din sau qu trnh thoi bin hoc do nhit .
c ch v lm chm s tng trng ca vi sinh vt: Cht ph gia ny ngn
cn vic tng sinh v to iu kin thun li cho s ph hy cc mm vi
khun.Vai tr ch yu ca phosphate khi p mui l lm gia tng kh nng
lin kt ca nc vi protein ca m c, v bng cch lm gia tng nng
sut ca sn phm sau cng, tng cht lng ca sn phm.
Liu lng s dng: s dng theo Q 3742/2001/BYT, ngha l khng qu 2
3 g/kg( tnh trn lng P2O3).
6
1.9. Bt bp
Bt bp hay bt ng l mt loi bt mn c lm t cc ni nh (phn li ca
ht) ca ht bp/ng kh. Bt bp c s dng cho nhiu iu trong nu n, nhng
ph bin nht l s dng nh mt cht kt dnh v cht lm c trong cc mn n khc
nhau. Khng ging nh bt m, bt bp thc s tr nn nh hnh r rng khi nu chn.
N cng c s dng nh l mt tc nhn chng kt dnh trong ng bt. trnh
vn cc khi s dng bt bp, ngi ta pha trn vi mt cht lng lnh cho n khi mn
trc khi nu n hoc thm n vo mt cht lng nng.
Bt bp hay bt ng l mt loi bt mn c lm t cc ni nh (phn li ca
ht) ca ht bp/ng kh. Bt bp c s dng cho nhiu iu trong nu n, nhng
ph bin nht l s dng nh mt cht kt dnh v cht lm c trong cc mn n khc
nhau. Khng ging nh bt m, bt bp thc s tr nn nh hnh r rng khi nu chn.
N cng c s dng nh l mt tc nhn chng kt dnh trong ng bt. trnh
vn cc khi s dng bt bp, ngi ta pha trn vi mt cht lng lnh cho n khi mn
trc khi nu n hoc thm n vo mt cht lng nng.
1.10.
Nc c tc dng gi nhit cho khi tht c n nh, trnh hin tng
chy nc do khi tht c xay trong mt khong thi gian th khi tht s nng ln v
c hin tng chy nc.
II.
trc co cng. trong ngnh ngi ta thng gi l tht nng. Ngha l protein trong
tht nguyn liu phi cha b bin i v trng lng phn t, kh nng gi nc. Nh
chng ta bit c tht c cu to bi cc b t c, do khi protein b bin i th b
8
Bao gi:
-
ny c hng v rt thm ngon, tuy nhin thi gian bo qun li ngn v khng kinh
t.
-
Trong sn xut cng nghip: bao gi kh phc tp. Trc ht khi gi sng
Mu sc
Cu trc
Mi
Nhm 10 + 12
Gi la c mu vng nht,
p, lm tm en ca tiu
s.
Mm mn, do, khng dai
lm, ng nht.
Thm nh. Dy mi thm
ca tiu s, mi thm c
trng ca tht.
Va, khng qu mn hay
qu nht.
Nhm 9 + 11
Mu vng nht, lm tm
en ca tiu.
Dai, ng nht, mm mn.
Thm du mi thm ca
tht.
Va.
IV. KT LUN
Qua bui thc hnh, nhm r hn v cng ngh sn xut gi la. y l kin
thc b ch, mang n cho sinh vin mt ng dng rt thc t. Sinh vin c th s
dng khi ra trng, lm nn tng cho bc khi u lp nghip khi sinh vin mong
mun hng ti cc sn phm thc phm t tht.
10