CHNG 2 CC CNG C M T H TH NG THNG TIN K TON

MC TIU CA CHNG

ngha ca vic m t h thng bng cc cng c nng c v hiu h thng khi c m t bng

Kh

s dng d liu
Kh

nng c v hiu h thng khi c m t bng

lu chng t, lu h thng
Kh Kh

nng m t h thng bng s dng d liu nng m t h thng bng lu chng t, lu

2

h thng

TNH HU NG: QU TRNH THU TI N BN CH U

KH tr tin cho NVBH km theo thng bo tr n ca cty. NVBH nhn tin, lp phiu thu 2 lin v ghi s tin thanh ton, s phiu thu vo thng bo tr tin km theo. NVBH chuyn phiu thu v tin cho th qu, chuyn thng bo tr tin cho k ton Pthu. Th qu nhn tin, kim tra s tin trn phiu thu v ng du xc nhn. Sau chuyn 1 phiu thu cho k ton Pthu, phiu cn li dng ghi vo s qu v lu theo s th t K ton Pthu nhn giy bo tr n do NVBH chuyn n. Lu li theo h s khch hng. Sau khi nhn phiu thu t th qu, k ton kim tra, i chiu vi giy bo tr n, sau nhp vo chng trnh qun l phi thu. Phn mm kim tra m khch hng, s ha n cn cha tr. Nu ng, phn mm s cho php ghi nhn nghip v thanh ton lm gim n phi thu ca khch hng theo tng ha n. nh k, phn mm s in bng tng hp thanh ton v chuyn cho k ton tng hp. nh k, th qu lp giy np tin cho ngn hng, sau chuyn tin 3 cho ngn hng.

V N T RA
Nhng Cc

ai tham gia vo qu trnh trn?

chng t lun chuyn nh th no? mm x l ra sao? gi kim sot ca qu trnh x l trn

Phn nh .

I. S DNG D LI U (DATA FLOW DIAGRAM DFD) I.1. KHI Ni M

DFD m t bng hnh nh cc thnh phn; cc dng lu chuyn d liu gia cc thnh phn, im khi u, im n v ni lu tr d liu ca mt h thng thng tin

DFD c nhiu cp

DFD khi qut (cp 0) DFD cp 1 DFD cp 2

5

I. S DNG D LIU
I.2. CC K Hi U
C

4 k hiu biu din

Hot ng x l

Dng d liu

i tng bn ngoi h thng (im u, kt thc)

Lu tr d liu
6

I. S DNG D LI U

I.3. PHN C P DFD

Cc

qu trnh x l ca DFD (hnh trn) s c

chi tit ha thnh nhiu cp

Qu

trnh x l cp chi ti t c nh s theo cp

cao hn (1.1, 1.2, 1.3 )

Dng

d liu vo v ra cc cp chi tit khi tng hp

li s trng vi cp cao hn
Phn

cp DFD s thy c cc hot ng x l chi

7

tit bn trong ca h thng

I. S DNG D LI U
I.3. Phn c p DFD
im u im u A 1.0 H thng D B im cui 3.0 B C 2.0 Lu tr

C p 0

im cui
8

C p 1

I. S DNG D LI U
I.3 Phn c p DFD
Lu tr A 1.1 G F 1.4 C D B H 1.3 3.2 I E 1.2 D 3.1 J 3.1.2 D 3.1.1 I

C p 2

C p 3

I.3.1 DFD C P 0 (KHI QUT)

L s cp cao nht m t 1 cch khi qut ni dung ca h thng bi 1 hnh trn, biu din dng d liu i vo (inflow) v i ra (outflow) gia h thng v cc i t ng bn ngoi h th ng .

i t ng: Ngi hoc vt (my tnh) thc hin hoc iu khin cc hot ng

i t ng bn ngoi h th ng: ch cho hoc nhn d liu ca h thng (ko x l d liu) C vai tr l cc im u, im cui ca h thng
10

I.3.1 DFD C P 0 (KHI QUT)

Np tin NH Ngn hng

Khch hng

Thanh ton

H thng thu tin bn chu Tng hp thanh ton

DFD
H

khi qut cho bit

K ton tng hp

thng ny l g ? D liu bt u t u v kt thc u ?

11

I.3.2 DFD C P 1
Biu

din h thng bng hnh v cc hot ng

x l, dng d liu i vo, i ra cc hot ng x l .

Cho

chng ta bit d liu c x l qua cc qu

trnh nh th no m khng quan tm n do ai lm, di hnh thc g v u

Ch

trng n cc chc nng m h thng thc

12

hin

I.3.2 DFD C P 1
Khch hng
Tin, giy i n Giy i n xc nhn

Nhn thanh ton 1.0

S qu Chuyn tin v Phiu thu Phiu thu xc nhn

Lp giy chuyn ngn hng 3.0

Ghi nhn thanh ton 4.0

Chuyn tin

Chuyn phiu thu xc nhn

K ton tng hp

i chiu vi tin thc nhn 2.0

Ngn hng
13

I.4 CCH V S DNG D LI U

I.4.1 V S DNG D LI U C P 0
B c

1: M t h thng hin hnh bng cc on vn m t B c 2: Lp bng i tng v cc hot ng lin quan n cc i tng
i t ng Khch hng Nhn vin BH Nhn vin BH Th qu Ho t ng Tr tin v giy i tin Lp phiu thu Ghi s tin, s ha n, s phiu thu vo giy i tin .. Mang tin np ngn hng
14

I.4.1 V S DNG D LI U C P 0

B c 3: nh du cc ho t ng x l d li u trong cc hot ng trong bng m t bc 2

Hot ng x l d liu bao gm: truy xut, chuyn ha, lu tr d liu. Cc hot ng nhp liu, sp xp, xc nhn, tnh ton, tng hp

Cc hot ng chuyn v nhn d liu gia cc i tng khng ph i l hot x l d liu

Cc hot ng chc nng: nhp xut, bn hng, mua hng khng ph i l hot ng x l d liu
15

I.4.1 V S DNG D LI U C P 0

B c 4: Nhn din cc i tng bn ngoi h thng

L

cc i tng khng thc hin cc hot ng x l d

liu no trong h thng

B c 5:
V V

cc hnh ch nht biu din cc i tng bn ngoi 1 vng trn biu din ni dung chnh trong hot ng x

l ca h thng hin hnh.

V

cc dng d liu ni vng trn v cc i tng bn

16

ngoi h thng
t

tn cho cc dng d liu theo cc ng t ch hnh

I.4.2 V S DNG D LI U C P 1

B c 6: lit k cc hot ng x l d liu theo trnh t din ra cc hot ng .

B c 7: Nhm cc hot ng x l d liu trn theo cc cch sau:

Nhm Nhm

cc hot ng xy ra cng 1 ni v cng thi im cc hot ng xy ra cng thi im nhng khc ni

xy ra

cho DFD d c, ch nn s dng t 5 n 7 hnh trn trong mi s , mi cp

B c 8: V hnh trn v t tn chung cho mi nhm hot ng 17 theo 1 ng t nu bt ni dung chnh cc hot ng trong nhm

I.4.2 V S DNG D LI U C P 1

B c 9: c li bng m t h thng v ni cc hnh trn vi nhau theo mi lin h hp l

B c 10: B sung cc ni lu tr d liu nu thy hp l

Phn cp DFD

B c 11:

Tip tc nhm nh cc hot trong mi nhm bc 7 Mi nhm nh trong 1 nhm ln l cc hnh trn x l cp con cho hnh trn ln.
18

Thc hin cc bc 8,9,10

V d: v s dng d liu Sau khi nhn c n t hng ca khch hng. H thng bn hng bao gm kim tra hng tn kho, lp lnh bn hng (kim tra gii hn bn chu khch hng, lp lnh bn hng), xut kho hng, lp ha n bn hng cho KH v chuyn ha n

19

II. L U (FLOWCHART)

Lu m t h thng bng hnh v cc qu trnh x l d liu (cc hot ng, u vo, u ra, lu tr)

ng thi, lu m t cc hot ng chc nng nh bn, mua, nhp xut(ngi thc hin, cc hot ng, trnh t lun chuyn chng t).

Lu cn c s dng trong phn tch tnh kim sot ca h thng

20

Khc vi DFD, lu m t ng thi c kha cnh

II.1 L U CH NG T - L U H TH NG

L u ch ng t : m t trnh t lun chuyn ca chng t, s lin chng t, ngi lp, ngi nhn, ni lu tr, tnh cht lu trtrong cc ho t ng ch c nng (bn, mua, nhp xut)

L u h th ng: m t trnh t x l d liu, cch thc x l, cch thc lu tr trong ho t ng x l c a my tnh

Kt hp lu chng t v lu h thng trong m t h thng s thy c cc hot ng hu hnh v v hnh trong h thng.
21

II.2 L U CH NG T (DOCUMENT FLOWCHART)

K ton tin KH Lp phiu thu Phiu thu A Phiu thu
N

Th qu
A

Phiu thu Ghi nht k NK Thu tin

Phiu thu
Xc nhn ghi s

S qu K ton cng n
22

Phiu thu KH

Qu trnh thu tin

LU H THNG (SYSTEM
FLOWCHART)
Nh p n t hng c a khch hng n t hng

Nhp vo PM Tp tin HTKho Cp nht n hng

Hin th khi nhp

Tp tin KH
Tp tin n hng

n t hng x l

III. CC CNG C K THU T

Bt u, kt thc Cng vic x l th cng

Chng t bo co
D liu c a vo h thng hay thng tin kt qu ca x l

Chng t bo co c nhiu lin Lu tr th cng chng t , ti liu im ni n lu khc, hn thng ng lun chuyn
24

im ni trn cng mt lu

III. CC CNG C K THU T

Nhp th cng d liu vo h thng Th tc , hm, CT con c vit sn Cnng vic x l bi my tnh

D liu lu tr v mt lun l (file) D liu lu tr v mt lun l (file)

Thit b kt xut thng tin nh mn hnh, bng in

25 Quyt nh

III.1. K HI U C A L U
K

hiu u vo
Ha Ha n BH BH

Phiu thu Phiu thu

Chng t u vo (hoc chng t, bo co u ra) bng giy Nhp chng t vo my tnh (nhp bng tay) a d liu vo h thng bng th lu tr
26

Nhp liu

Th lu tr

III.1. K HI U C A L U
K

hiu x l
X l bng my tnh

Tnh gi HTK Lp phiu thu

K

X l th cng

hiu u ra
Bo co BH S, bo co Hin th trn mn hnh
27

D liu u vo/ra

III.1. K HI U C A L U
K

hiu lu tr

Lu tr trong my tnh Lu tr th cng N: Lu tr theo s th t A: Lu tr theo Alphabet D: Lu tr theo ngy

K

Tp tin hng tn kho

Lu tr

hiu kt ni
A 2
28

Bt u

im ni trong cng im ni sang trang Bt u/kt thc 1 trang (A, B, C) sau (S trang: 1,2,3)

III.3. CC QUY C KHI C & V L U

Mi k hiu x l phi ni vi k hiu u vo ca x l v k hiu th hin kt qu ca x l

Lu phi c trnh by qu trnh x l hoc lun chuyn d liu t trn xu ng d i , t tri qua ph i ca trang giy.

Trng hp khng th trnh by lu theo chiu thng thng qui nh th cn phi s dng mi tn m t hng lun chuyn lu mt cch r rng
29

B c 1: Xc nh cc i tng bn trong v bn ngoi ca h thng (xem li phn DFD)

III.4 V L U

B c 2: Chia lu thnh cc ct
Mi Cc

i tng bn trong l mt ct trn lu ct c sp xp sao cho dng lu chuyn ca cc hot

ng t tri sang phi

B c 3: Xc nh cc thnh phn ca tng ct

c Sp

li bng m t ln lt tng hot ng xp cc thnh phn ca lu theo hng di chuyn

30

thng tin t trn xung di

Nguyn tc Sandwich: Bt k k hiu x l no u b kp gia 2 k hiu u vo v u ra.

III.4 V L U

B c 4: Hon thnh lu :
Ni S

cc k hiu thnh phn bng cc dng thng tin dng cc du ni khi dng thng tin chuyn qua ct

khc trnh v nhiu cc ng k ngang/dc

Cc

hot ng x l lin tip nhau c th gp chung thnh

1 hot ng x l (nu cn)

Cc

chng t khng th l im bt u v im kt thc duy nht c ly d liu hoc lu tr d liu trong

Cch

thit b my tnh l thng qua hot ng x l my (hnh31 ch nht)

III.5. NGHA

M t h th ng b ng DFD s gip:
Nhn

bit c cc hot ng x l v trnh t ca

chng trong hot ng ca h thng

Phc

tho h thng mi, cn thit lp mc nim

(cc hot ng x l d kin)

M t h th ng b ng l u s gip:
Nhn

bit v phn tch c cc hot ng chc nng

v x l theo cc i tng, b phn lin quan

nh

gi tnh kim sot ca cc qu trnh kinh doanh

32

III.6. S KHC NHAU GI A L U V S DNG D LI U

Lu Nhn mnh khi cnh vt l ca d liu lun chuyn cng nh x l Trnh by ngi tham gia trong qu trnh lun chuyn v x l d liu c dng nhiu hn khi m t h thng hin hnh S dng nhiu k hiu hn S dng d liu Nhn mnh s lun chuyn logic ca d liu Khng trnh by phng tin lu tr, x l, lun chuyn d liu Thng khng trnh by ngi tham gia trong h thng c dng nhiu hn khi thit k h thng mi S dng t k hiu hn 33

V D

Cng ty abc s dng h thng th cng x l n t hng ca khch hng. Lnh bn hng(3 lin) c lp bi b phn bn hng v chuyn sang phng k tan. Ti phng k ton, ha n(3 lin) v phiu xut kho(4 lin) c lp th cng trn c s ln bn hng. Mt lin ca lnh bn hng, ha n v phiu xut kho c chuyn sang b phn bn hng. Mt lin ca lnh bn hng c nh km vi 2 lin ca phiu xut kho v sau c chuyn n b phn giao hng. Mt lin ca ha n c giao cho khch hng. Cc chng t cn li c nh km vi nhau v lu ti phng k ton theo s n t hng
34

Yu c u : V lu chng t cho cc th tc trn

V N T RA
Nhng ai tham gia vo qu trnh trn? + Bn trong h thng B phn bn hng Phng k ton + Bn ngoi h thng Khch hng B phn giao hng Cc chng t lun chuyn nh th no? n t hng (1 lin) Lnh bn hng (3 lin) Ha n (3 lin) Phiu xut kho (4 lin)

35

BI GI I : V L U
B phn bn hng k.hn g
H 3 L nh BH 3 PXK 4 2 3

B phn k tan
Lp ha n , PXK

L nh bn 1 hng

Lp lnh bn hng

Ha n
1

A A
k.hn g

n b ph n giao hng
36

BI T P

Cng ty sn xut ABC c nhiu phn xng. Phn xng lp cc phiu yu cu nguyn vt liu(4 lin) v chuyn sang b phn qun l phn xng ph duyt. Sau khi c ph duyt, cc phiu yu cu nguyn vt liu c chuyn n b phn kho. Ti kho, cc phiu yu cu nguyn vt liu c k bi th kho. Nhn vin ny gi lin th 1 ca phiu yu cu nguyn vt liu cng vi nguyn vt liu n cc phn xng. Lin th 2 ca phiu yu cu nguyn vt liu c chuyn n qun l phn xng. Lin th 4 c chuyn n b phn k tan chi ph. Lin th 3 c s dng ghi nhn lng nguyn vt liu xut dng vo cc th kho, sau chng c lu li ti kho theo s th t 37 Yu c u : V lu chng t cho cc th tc trn

BI GI I : V L U
Phn x ng s n xu t
L p phi u yu c u NVL

Qu n l phn x ng
Duy t phi u yu c u NVL

Kho
K phi u yu c u NVL, xu t NVL,ghi th kho

Th kho Th kho
4

Phiu yu cu nguyn liu

4 1 Phiu yu cu nguyn liu duyt 2 3

4 Phi u yu 1 c u NVL duy t + k 2

Phiu yu 3 cu NVL duyt+k

KTCP

N Phiu yu cu 1 NVL duyt+k

Xu t NVL cho s n xu t s n ph m

38

S DNG D LI U(DFD) H TH NG NG D NG L P L NH BN HNG M C 0

Khch hng

X l yu cu mua

39

Khch hng

Ghi nhn, lp LBH

Ghi s ci

Tng s

Lnh bn hng Hi bo Lnh bn hng Lnh bn hng

S DNG D LIU(DFD) H THNG NG DNG LP LNH BN HNG MC 1

S ci tng hp S tng hp Lnh bn hng

S chi tit

Chi tit khchhng

Xt duyt

Lnh bn

Ghi nht k

S chi tit

40