Professional Documents
Culture Documents
LI CM N
Qua qu trnh hc tp di ging ng i hc M TP.HCM, kt hp vi thi
gian thc tp ti NHTMCP Si Gn Thng tn (Sacombank) chi nhnh
Qun 4 Phng Giao Dch M Ton em hc hi v tch lu c rt nhiu
kin thc l thuyt cng nh thc t v lnh vc ti chnh ngn hng. c c
chuyn ny l nh s kt hp gia l thuyt hc c v thc t thc tp.
c th hon thnh tt chuyn thc tp chnh l nh s ging dy tn tnh
ca qu thy c trng i hc M TPHCM, v s hng dn tn tm ca c
Nguyn Nh nh, cng vi s gip ca qu anh ch nhn vin ngn hng
Sacombank M Ton
Em xin trn trng cm n qu thy c b cng sc ging dy cho em cng
nh cc bn nhng kin thc, kinh nghim thc t v cng qu bu trong sut
bn nm hc va qua.
Xin chn thnh cm n c Nguyn Nh nh ht lng ch bo, chnh sa
chuyn tt nghip, cng em hon thnh chuyn tt nghip mt cch hon
thin.
Em cng xin cm n ban lnh o ngn hng Sacombank ni chung cng nh
cc anh ch Phng Giao Dch M Ton ni ring to iu kin tt nht em
c th hon thnh tt qu trnh thc tp v chuyn tt nghip.
V kin thc cn hn hp v thi gian thc tp ngn nn chuyn khng th
trnh khi nhng sai st nht nh. Knh mong s ng gp kin ca qu thy
c, anh ch gip em hon thin hn chuyn cng nh kin thc chuyn
ngnh c th phc v cho cng vic sau ny.
Knh chc nh trng, qu thy c, ging vin hng dn, ban lnh o cng
nh cc anh ch trong ngn hng lun di do sc kho, t c nhiu thnh
cng trong cuc sng.
Bi Anh Tun
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
Li m u
L do chn ti:
Cng vi s i ln v pht trin ngy mt mnh m ca nn kinh t ca Th
gii, Vit Nam cng ang dn khng nh c v th ca mnh v nhiu mt.
lm c iu chng ta rt n lc trong cng cuc xy dng mt
nn kinh t pht trin bn vng qua thi gian. ng gp cho s i ln ca
kinh t nc nh khng th khng k n vai tr ca cc DNNVV, vi nhiu
c im ni bt: chim t l rt ln trong tng s tt c cc doanh nghip
hin nay (khong 97%), ng gp khong hn 40% GDP ng thi cn to ra
khong 1 triu vic lm mi nm Mc d c nhiu thnh tu nh vy
nhng nhn chung vn cha tng xng vi mt s lng ln trong cc doanh
nghip nh hin nay. Mt trong nhng nguyn nhn phi k n trc tin l
do s thiu ht v ngun vn trong cc DNNVV cn rt ph bin. Vi quy
m nh, sc cnh tranh cn hn ch v c bit l tim lc ti chnh cn yu
do nhu cu v vn ca cc DNNVN l rt ln.
Nm bt c tnh hnh trn cc ngn hng hin nay ang dnh nhiu s
quan tm hn cho khi cc DNNVV trong hot ng tn dng ca mnh. V
Sacombank cng khng nm ngoi cuc, tri qua 20 nm pht trin c
c thnh qu nh ngy hm nay l nhng s c gng khng bit mt
mi ca tt c cc thnh vin gia nh Sacombank. Do vai tr quan trng ca
tn dng i vi ngn hng v ca c cc doanh nghip, m c bit l
DNNVV em quyt nh chn ti: Phn tch tnh hnh tn dng cho
doanh nghip nh v va ti NHTMCP Si Gn Thng Tn
(Sacombank) Chi nhnh Qun 4. tm hiu trong qu trnh thc tp
ca mnh.
Mc tiu nghin cu ca ti :
Nhm tm hiu hot ng tn dng i vi DNNVV ti NHTMCP Si Gn
Thng Tn ( Sacombank ) chi nhnh Q.4 t rt ra nhn xt lm c s
a ra nhng kin ngh gp phn nng cao tnh hiu qu ca hot ng tn
dng ni chung v hot ng tn dng cho doanh nghip nh v va nh ni
ring.
Phm vi nghin cu :
Bo co ch tp trung phn tch doanh s cho vay, d n, doanh s thu n.
n qu haj, quy trnh cho vay ti ngn hng nh gi thc trng tn dng
i vi DNNVV ti ngn hng.
Bo co tp trung nghin cu phn tch nh gi tnh hnh huy ng vn,
cho vay trn s liu hai nm (2010, 2011) ca NHTMCP Si Gn Thng
Tn ( Sacombank) - Chi nhnh Q.4
Phng php nghin cu ca ti:
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
Chuyn c s dng mt s phng php nghin cu khoa hc:
-
Kt cu chuyn :
Ngoi phn M u, phn Kt thc, phn Ph lc v cc Danh mc chuyn
gm 4 chng:
Chng 1: Tng quan v tn dng doanh nghip nh v va ti Ngn hng
thng mi.
Chng 2: Gii thiu v Ngn hng TMCP Si Gn Thng Tn (Sacombank)
v Chi nhnh Qun 4.
Chng 3: Thc trng hot ng tn dng doanh nghip nh v va ti
Sacombank Chi nhnh Qun 4.
Chng 4: Mt s nhn xt kin ngh nhm nng cao hiu qu hot ng tn
dng doanh nghip nh v va ti Sacombank Chi nhnh Qun 4.
Vi thi gian thc tp khng di, d c nhiu c gng song do kin thc
v kinh nghim cn nhiu hn ch nn khng th trnh khi nhng thiu
st. Knh mong c s nh gi, gp chn thnh ca Ban lnh o ngn
hng v ca qu thy c
Em xin chn thnh cm n !
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
NHN XT CA C QUAN THC TP
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DANH MC CH VIT TT
SVTH: Bi Anh Tun
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
DANH MC BIU
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
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MC LC
Chng 1: C s l lun .................................................................................... 11
1.1. L lun chung v tn dng : ................................................................. 11
1.1.1. Ngun gc ra i v s pht trin ca quan h tn dng: ................ 11
1.1.2. Khi nim v bn cht ca tn dng : ............................................... 12
1.1.3. Chc nng ca tn dng:................................................................... 12
1.1.4. Li sut v cc hnh thc tn dng: .................................................. 13
1.1.5. Cc ch tiu nh gi hiu qu tn dng: .......................................... 14
1.2. Ngun vn tn dng ca Ngn hng thng mi ............................... 15
1.2.1. Vn t c .......................................................................................... 15
1.2.2. Vn huy ng: .................................................................................. 15
1.3. Tng quan v Doanh nghip nh v va Vit Nam ........................ 16
1.3.1. Khi nim doanh nghip nh v va: .............................................. 16
1.3.2. c im Doanh nghip nh v va Vit Nam: ........................... 17
Chng 2: Gii thiu tng quan v Ngn Hng Si Gn Thng Tn
(Sacombank) ........................................................................................................ 19
2.1. Qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin Ngn hng TMCP Si Gn
Thng tn (Sacombank): .............................................................................. 20
2.1.1. Qu trnh hnh thnh: ....................................................................... 20
2.1.2. B my t chc: ............................................................................... 21
2.1.3. Mng li v ni dung hot ng ca ngn hng: ........................... 23
2.1.4. nh hng pht trin ca ngn hng n nm 2020 : .................... 24
2.2. Qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin Ngn hng TMCP Si Gn
Thng tn chi nhnh qun 4. ........................................................................ 25
2.2.1. B my iu hnh v chc nng hot ng ca Sacombank chi
nhnh qun 4 .................................................................................................. 26
2.2.2. Kt qu hot ng kinh doanh nhng nm gn y: ........................ 28
Chng 3: Phn tch hot ng tn dng i vi Doanh nghip nh v va ti
NHTMCP Si Gn Thng Tn CN Q.4 : ...................................................... 30
3.1.
3.2.
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
3.3.2.
3.3.3.
D n Tn dng: ............................................................................... 38
Tnh hnh n qu hn : ..................................................................... 42
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Chng 1: C s l lun
1.1. L lun chung v tn dng :
1.1.1. Ngun gc ra i v s pht trin ca quan h tn dng:
K t khi nn kinh t hng ha ra i th phm tr tn dng cng bt u
hnh thnh. Do nhu cu trao i, kinh doanh hng ha v chi tiu trong
sinh hot ngy cng ln, nhu cu vay mn ln nhau ngy cng nhiu nn
hot ng tn dng ngy cng pht trin. Chng ta c th khi qut qu
trnh hnh thnh v pht trin tn dng tri qua 3 giai on sau :
Giai on trc ch ngha t bn: y l giai on hnh thnh v
pht trin tn dng mang tnh cht n gin, tn dng hng ha l hnh
thc tn dng u tin trong thi k c i. Do quan h bun bn trong
nn kinh t giai on ny ch yu l hng i hng, nn i khi mt ngi
c nhu cu trao i hng ha no nhng li khng c hng ha khc
trao i, ngi buc phi vay mn hng ha mnh cn, nn quan h
tn dng bt u ny sinh. Qua thi gian tn ti v vn ng, quan h tn
dng pht trin ln mt bc cao hn l quan h tn dng thng qua
tin t, khi ng tin bt u a vo trong lu thng th hnh thc tn
dng tin t u tin xut hin l tn dng nng li. y l quan h vay
mn m ngi i vay phi chp nhn mt mc li sut ct c.
Giai on sau khi ch ngha t bn ra i: Cc nh t bn khng th
s dng vn vay ca cc nh cho vay nng li phc v cho vic u t,
sn xut kinh doanh ca mnh. Vic quy nh mc li sut trn khng ch
li sut cho vay t ra khng hiu qu. Bi v, ngun vn lc ny ch tp
trung trong tay mt s t ngi, cu vn ngy cng tng nhng cung vn
th hn ch. Do , cc nh t bn t bn thc s vn phi chp nhn mc
li sut cao hn rt nhiu. Khi thy vic s dng vn vay ca cc nh cho
vay nng li khng mang li hiu qu kinh t, cc nh t bn bt u tp
hp vn li vi nhau hnh thnh nn cc t chc phng hi tn dng cho
vay vi li sut thch hp trong nn kinh t. Ban u ch h tr tn dng
cho cc thnh vin trong phng hi c nhu cu vay vn, nhng sau h
tr tn dng pht trin ra bn ngoi phng hi. Nh vy vi vic hnh
thnh cc phng hi tn dng cho vay vi li sut ph hp, p ng
c nhu cu vn rt ln trong nn kinh t, to nn s thay i cung cu
vn trn th trng ph v v tr c quyn ca tn dng cho vay nng li
tn ti nhiu th k qua.
Giai on hin nay: y l thi k cng ngh thng tin bt u pht
trin. Vi s ra i v pht trin ca mng my tnh t cc b n mng
ton cu, lm cho vic thanh ton ngy nay pht trin ln mt tm cao
mi l thanh ton khng dng tin mt. S pht trin ca cng ngh
thng tin cng to iu kin v cng thun li cho vic giao thng
bun bn ton cu din ra thun li nhanh chng, an ton thng qua h
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kinh doanh, cng nh vic kim tra, kim sot qu trnh s dng vn vay,
nhm t c hiu qu cao nht.
1.1.4. Li sut v cc hnh thc tn dng:
Li sut tn dng:
Chng ta c th xem xt s vn ng tng qut ca tn dng thng qua
cng thc T-T1, trong T1 = T + T. Vi mt khon tin a ra cho vay
sau mt thi gian s quay v vi ngi s hu n km theo mt gi tr
tng thm, l li tc. Hay ni cch khc, li tc tn dng l khon
chnh lch gia s vn thu v tr i s vn cho vay trong mt thi gian
nht nh.
Nu ng trn gc huy ng vn, li sut tn dng c cc loi:
Li sut tin gi c k hn
Li sut tin gi khng k hn
Li sut tin gi t cc n v, t chc kinh t
Li sut ca cc loi chng t c gi nh k phiu, tri phiu, tn
phiu
Nu ng trn gc s dng vn, li sut tn dng c :
Li sut cho vay bng tin
Li sut cho vay cm c
Li sut chit khu cc giy t c gi
Nu ng trn gc iu tit vn gia cc t chc tn dng, li sut tn
dng c:
Li sut ti chit khu
Li sut lin ngn hng
Cc hnh thc tn dng:
C th n quan h tn dng trong nn kinh t th trng c th hin rt
a dng, phong ph nhng tiu biu l cc hnh thc tn dng sau:
Tn dng thng mi :
Tn dng thng mi l quan h tn dng gia cc nh sn xut kinh
doanh vi nhau, c biu hin di hnh thc mua bn chu hng ha.
S hnh thnh v pht trin ca tn dng thng mi gn lin vi s vn
ng v pht trin ca qu trnh sn xut. Tn dng thng mi h tr
vn m bo cho qu trnh ti sn xut khng b gin on.
Tn dng ngn hng:
Tn dng ngn hng l quan h tn dng gia mi bn l ngn hng, cc
t chc tn dng vi bn kia l cc php nhn buc th nhn trong nn
kinh t quc dn. Trong nn kinh t th trng ngn hng, ng vai tr l
mt t chc ti chnh trung gian, quan h tn dng ngn hng c th
hin qua hai khu: khu huy ng v khu cho vay vn.
Tn dng nh nc:
Tn dng nh nc l quan h tn dng gia nh nc v cc ch th
trong v ngoi nc. Tn dng nh nc th hin bng vic vay n ca
nh nc di hnh thc nh nc pht hnh cc giy t c gi( nh
cng tri, tri phiu, tn phiu) hoc qua cc hip nh, hip c cho vay
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
14
T l n qu hn/Tng d n(%)
T l n qu hn =
N qu hn l khon n m mt phn hoc ton b n gc v/hoc li
qu hn v khng iu kin gia hn n. m bo qun l cht ch,
cc khon n qu hn trong h thng ngn hng thng mi Vit Nam c
phn chia theo thi gian v c phn chia theo thi hn thnh 4 nhm:
N qu hn di 90 ngy N cn ch
N qu hn t 90 ngy n 180 ngy N di tiu chun
N qu hn t 181 ngy n 360 ngy N nghi ng
N qu hn trn 361 ngy N c kh nng mt vn
Nh vy nhm hn ch ri ro trong vic cp tn dng, hin nay Ngn hng
Nh nc cho php d n qu hn ca cc ngn hng thng mi khng
vt qu 5%.
H s ri ro tn dng (%)
H s ri ro tn dng =
H s ny cho thy t trng ca khon mc tn dng trong ti sn c, khon
mc tn dng trong tng ti sn cng ln th li nhun s ln nhng ng
thi ri ro tn dung cng rt cao
Ch tiu d n trn tng vn huy ng (%):
T l d n/Tng vn huy ng =
Ch s ny xc nh hiu qu u t ca mt ng vn huy ng. N gip
nh phn tch so snh kh nng cho vay ca Ngn hng vi ngun vn huy
ng.
Doanh s thu n trn doanh s cho vay(%) :
H s thu n =
Ch s ny c gi l h s thu n, ng cho thy hiu qu s dng
vn ca ngn hng, n biu hin kh nng thu hi n t vic cho khch
hng vay hay tr n ca khch hng trong mt thi k.
Doanh s thu n trn d n bnh qun(vng)
Vng quay vn tn dng =
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GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
Lao ng thng <300
xuyn
17
<100
<200
<50
Nh vy ta thy hai tiu thc phn loi DNNVV Vit Nam l tng i
chun xc ph hp vi tnh hnh hot ng ca Doanh Nghip. Qua hai
tiu thc phn loi trn ta thy Chnh ph u s dng cc yu t u vo
ca qu trnh sn xut. Mc d n khng phn nh c quy m u ra
ca doanh nghip, nh doanh s, li nhun, hay t trng th trng tiu
th, nhng qua hai tiu thc ny ta c th nh gi khch quan cc ch tiu
u ra ca doanh nghip.
1.3.2. c im Doanh nghip nh v va Vit Nam:
1.3.2.1.
Nhng thun li :
Nhng kh khn:
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18
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19
Nh nhng phn trn phn tch, cc DNNVV hin nay ang hot ng
trong tnh trng thiu vn nghim trng, tn ti v pht trin th cc doanh
nghip ny lun c nhu cu thng xuyn v vn. V ng nhin n mt lc
no khi tnh hnh ti chnh ca doanh nghip khng t trang tri cho nhu
cu vn th buc h phi tm n cc ngun vn ti tr b sung khc t bn
ngoi. Pht hnh cc loi chng khon cng l mt cch, tuy vy khng phi loi
hnh DNNVV no cng c pht hnh hn na iu kin nim yt trn th
trng chng khon ca cc DNNVV l kh khn, th trng phi tp trung cha
pht trin. Do , con ng tm kim ngun vn thng qua tn dng ngn hng
c th c xem l nhanh v hiu qu nht. Chnh v vy tn dng ngn hng c
vai tr c bit quan trong i vi DNNVV.
Th nht, tn dng ngn hng s gp phn m bo cho hot ng ca
DNNVV c lin tc v pht trin, tng kh nng cnh tranh trong th trng.
Th hai, tn dng ngn hng gp phn nng cao hiu qu s dng vn,
trnh tnh trng s dng vn sai mc ch. iu ny c c l do quy trnh tn
dng ca cc ngn hng cng vi p lc t vic phi hon tr ng hn khin cc
DNNVV phi tht s tn trng hp ng tn dng.
Th ba, tn dng ngn hng gp phn hnh thnh c cu vn ti u cho
DNNVV. Trong nn kinh t th trng him c doanh nghip no dng 100%
vn t c kinh doanh d doanh nghip c kh nng i chng na, h
u hiu rng ngun vn vay chnh l cng c n by doanh nghip ti u
ho hiu qu s dng vn. i vi cc DNNVV th li cng khng mt phn
cng do s hn hp v vn. Nh vy ngun vn vay s gip doanh nghip nng
cao li nhun cho chnh mnh thng qua vic kt hp mt cu trc vn ti u
gia vn t c v vn vay.
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Sacombank Group
Tp on Sacombank (Sacombank Group) chnh thc hot ng t ngy
16/05/2008 nhm pht huy vai tr ht nhn ca Sacombank, khai thc li th
so snh ca 12 cng ty thnh vin v pht huy sc mnh tr tu ca c Tp
on h tr ln nhau cng tn ti v pht trin bn vng lu di.
Sacombank hp tc hiu qu vi cc t chc kinh t trong v ngoi nc nh:
Hong Anh Gia Lai, Hu Lin Chu, Trng Hi Auto, COMECO, ISUZU
Vit Nam, PRUDENTIAL Vit Nam,
2.1.2. B my t chc:
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Trnh
T l %
Sau i hc v i hc
57.68
Cao ng v trung cp
19,36
Ph thng
17,18
Di ph thng
5,78
C cu nhn s
6%
Sau i hc v i hc
17%
Cao ng v trung cp
19%
58%
Ph thng
Di ph thng
Ngun:
Bn co bch
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-
25
Ch tiu
(T ng)
2013
2014
2015
Tng ti sn
198.000
233.000
269.000
309.000
Vn iu l
12. 400
14.300
16.800
19.600
Vn t c
25.000
25.000
30.000
>30.000
Li nhun
3.800
4.725
5.670
7.000
ngun Sacombank.com
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B my iu hnh
Gim c
chi nhnh
Ph gim c
chi nhnh
P. Doanh
nghip
P. C
nhn
Bp. Kinh
doanh
tin t
P. H
tr kinh
doanh
P. Hnh
chnh k ton
Bp.
Qun l
tn
dng
Bp.
thanh
ton
quc t
Cc
PGD
trc
thuc
Bp.
Hnh
chnh
Bp. K
ton
Bp. X l
giao dch
PGD M
Ton
PGD Ph
M Hng
PGD Tn
Thun
PGD
Nguyn Th
Thp
PGD Nh B
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
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Thc hin dch v chuyn tin nhanh ti quy giao dch ca ngn hng
hoc ti nh; Thi gian ngn nht, ph chuyn hp l nht
Thc hin cc dch v: thanh ton quc t, bo lnh, bao thanh ton, thu
chi tr lng h, dch v th ATM, kinh doanh v thu i ngoi t - vng,
chi tr kiu hi v cc dch v t vn ti chnh khc
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
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Ch tiu
Tng vn huy ng
2009
814.250
2010
1.025.000
2011
1.560.000
Ch tiu
2009
2010
2011
Tng cho vay
765.204
998.000
1.260.000
Ngun: Phng h tr Sacombank - Chi nhnh Qun 4 nm 2011.
2009
106.358
97.613
7.156
2010
167.000
155.769
9.198
2011
251.000
222.980
22.900
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
30
Thu khc
1.589
2.033
5.120
Tng chi ph
98.358
152.000
216.000
Chi li
70.688
98.020
158.790
Chi lng
24.800
38.000
42.000
Chi khc
2.870
15.980
15.210
Li nhun
8.000
15.000
35.000
Ngun: Phng h tr Sacombank - Chi nhnh Qun 4 nm 2011
Tnh hnh kinh doanh ca Sacombank - Chi nhnh Qun 4 nhng nm gn
y u c li v tng rt nhanh. Mc d mi c thnh lp cch y 5 nm
nhng Sacombank - Chi nhnh Qun 4 cho thy nhng n lc khng ngng
ca mnh trong qu trnh hot ng. Li nhun hu nh tng gp 2 ln so vi
nm lin trc phn no ni ln c iu .
Nh vy, thng qua vic tm hiu mt s bng th hin tnh hnh hot ng
kinh doanh ca Sacombank - Chi nhnh Qun 4 nhn chung cho thy y l
mt trong nhng Chi nhnh c trng thi hot ng tt, ng gp nhiu cho s
thnh cng ca ton th Sacombank ni chung, tuy nhin hiu r hn v thc
trng hot ng kinh doanh ca Sacombank - Chi nhnh Qun 4 m c bit l
mc tiu ti nhm ti th s c phn tch k hn trong Chng 3.
KT LUN CHNG 2
Vi c cu t chc c h thng kt hp vi chin lc t con ngi
ngun nhn lc l gii php hng u ca Sacombank hin nay kt hp vi
m rng th phn i dc ch S ca nc Vit Nam em li cho Ngn hng
nhiu thnh cng.
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10. Trng hp khon cp tn dng c trnh cho cp thm quyn cao hn gii
quyt th tt c thng tin lin quan n khon cp tn dng phi c cung
cp y m bo rng cp c thm quyn ny c th ra quyt nh
mt cch c lp.
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
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2010
2011
(+/_)
389 000
289 000
(36 000)
(9,25)
405 000
645 000
240 000
37,21
240 000
326 000
86 000
35,83
1034 000
1 260 000
262 000
20,79
Ngun : Phng h tr
Biu 3.1:xu hng doanh s cho vay theo thnh phn kinh t
700000
645000
600000
500000
400000
389000 405000
326000
289000
300000
240000
200000
100000
0
2010
Doanh nghip ln
2011
doanh nghip nh v va
c nhn
Qua bng phn tch trn ta thy tng DSCV tng u qua tng nm, trong
DSCV i vi doanh nghip nh v va l tng ng k nht,sau l n
DSCV i vi c nhn,cn DSCV i vi cc Doanh Nghip ln th n nm
2011 gim so vi nm 2010.C th DSCV i vi Doanh nghip ln nm
2011 t 289.000 (triu ng) gim 36.000 (triu ng) vi tc gim l
9,25%. S d c s tng ng k v DSCV i vi doanh nghip nh va l ngn
hng c cc chnh sch tn dng u tin cho cc doanh nghip ny nhm thc
y hot ng sn xut kinh doanh phc hi nn kinh t v nhu cu vn ca cc
doanh nghip nh v va trong giai on ny cng rt cao.C th DSCV i vi
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
34
T trng
2011
T trng
Doanh s
389,000
37.6%
289,000
22.9%
405,000
240,000
39.2%
23.2%
645,000
326,000
51.2%
25.9%
1,034,000
100.0%
1,260,000
100.0%
2011
So snh
95.200
2.400
T
T
S tin
trng
trng
23,85 190.000 30,16
0,60
3.250 0,52
301.600
S tin
399.200
100 630.000
100
(+/_)
94.800
850
99,58%
35,42%
135.150
44,81%
230.800
179,81%
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
35
500000
436750
450000
400000
350000
301600
300000
250000
190000
200000
150000
95200
100000
50000
3250
2400
0
2010
Vay mua t
2011
Vay bt ng sn
Vay b sung vn lu ng
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
36
2011
S tin
T
trng
S tin
T
trng
(+/_)
152,880
38,30
256,000
40,63
103,120
67.5%
Trung di
hn
246,320 61,70 374,000 59,37
127,680
230,800
Tng
399,200
100
630,000
100
ngun Phng h tr Sacombank - Chi nhnh Qun 4 nm 2011
51.8%
57.8%
400,000
374,000
350,000
300,000
256,000
246,320
250,000
200,000
152,880
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
2010
2011
Ngn hn
Trung di hn
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
37
Bng 3.5 : Doanh s cho vay i vi DNNVV theo loi hnh cng ty
n v tnh : triu ng
Ch Tiu
2010
s tin
CTCP
Cng ty
TNHH
DNTN
Tng
chnh lch
2011
t trng
s tin
t trng
+/-
259,480
65.00%
428,400
68.00%
168,920
65.10%
79,840
20.00%
119,700
19.00%
39,860
49.92%
59,880
15.00%
81,900
13.00%
22,020
36.77%
399,200
100.00%
630,000
100.00%
230,800
57.82%
450,000
400,000
350,000
300,000
259,480
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
119,700
59,880
81,900
79,840
50,000
0
2010
2011
DNTN
Cng ty TNHH
CTCP
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
38
Qua bng trn ta c th thy DSCV i vi DNNVV tng cao trong nm 2011.
DSCV i vi DNNVV l 645.000 (triu ng) tng 240.000 (triu ng) vi tc
tng l 37,21% .iu ny cho ta thy nh hng bn hng ca ngn hng l
phn khc DNNVV, v chn nh hng ny lm mc tiu pht trin trong tng
lai. Trong ba loi hnh doanh nghip trn th cng ty c phn c DSCV t t
trng v tc tng cao nht trong c hai nm 2010 v 2011, c th nm 2010 c
t trng 65%, nm 2011 c t trng 68% v tc tng t 65,1%. Xp th hai l
nhm cng ty TNHH vi t trng 20% nm 2010 v 19% nm 2011 v tc
tng l 49.9%. Cui cng l nhm DNTN. S d NH cho nhm cng ty c phn
v cng ty TNHH vay vi t l cao nh vy l do quy m ngun vn v ti sn
bo m c gi tr ln, ng thi c m hnh t chc cht ch hn l DNTN
thng mang tnh cht gia nh v thng mang tnh ri ro cao hn.
3.3.2. D n Tn dng:
3.3.2.1. D n tn dng i vi DNNVV theo ngnh ngh kinh
doanh, mc tiu:
Bng 3.6 Tnh hnh d n tn dng i vi DNNVV theo ngnh ngh kinh
doanh,mc tiu
n v tnh : triu ng
ch tiu
2010
vay bt ng sn
vay mua t
s tin
67,979
1,710
vay b sung VL
215,339
2011
So snh
2011/2010
(+/_)
74,527
%
110%
747
44%
112,198
52%
tng
285,028 100.00% 472,500 100.00% 187,472
ngun Phng h tr Sacombank - Chi nhnh Qun 4 nm 2011
66%
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
39
327,537
300,000
250,000
215,339
200,000
142,506
150,000
100,000
67,979
50,000
2,457
1,710
0
2010
vay mua t
2011
vay bt ng sn
vay b sung VL
Cho vay mua t nm 2011 tng 747 (triu ng) so vi nm 2010 vi t l tng
trng 44%. Ngn hng m rng dch v cho thu xe t so vi nm trc. Ngn
hng c th cho thu xe mi, xe c tr tin mt hoc h tr cho tr gp thng qua cc
cng ty cho thu ti chnh. y vn l dch v pht trin hin nay.
i vi cho vay b sung vn lu ng nm 2011 tng 112,198 (triu ng) so vi
nm 2011 vi t l tng trng 52%. Cho vay b sung vn lu ng vn thu ht i vi
Ngn hng. Ngn hng cho Doanh nghip vay m rng sn xut, mua sm my mc
thit b, tr lng cho nhn vin, np thu, thanh ton ha n in thai Trong
ph bin nht vn l cho vay mua sm my mc thit b, tr lng cho nhn vin
V y phn tch DNNVV nn t trng mc cho vay b sung vn lu ng vn chim
a s,nm 2011 t trng d n cho vay b sung vn lu ng l 69.32% mc d c
gim so vi nm 2010 (75.55%), nhng y vn l mc ch vay m Sacombank ch
trng u t nhiu nht, kch thch s sn xut kinh doanh phc hi nn kinh t vn
b khng hong trong vi nm va qua.
3.3.2.2.
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
40
Chnh lch
( +/-)
%
67 737 67.3%
2010
2011
S tin
T trng S tin
T trng
100 615
35.30%
168 352
35.63%
Trung di hn
184 413
64.70%
Tng cng
285 028
100.00%
308 873
65.37%
124 460
67.5%
192 197
67.4%
200,000
168,352
150,000
100,615
100,000
50,000
0
2010
2011
Ngn hn
Trung di hn
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
41
Bng 3.8 Tnh hnh d n tn dng i vi DNNVV theo loi hnh cng ty
n v tnh : triu ng
2010
Chnh lch
2011
Ch tiu
S tin
T trng
S tin
T trng
( +/-)
DNTN
47,087
16.52%
54,810
11.60%
7 723
16.4%
Cng ty TNHH
62,706
22.00%
86,940
18.40% 24 234
38.6%
155
515
187
Tng cng
285,028 100.00%
472,500 100.00%
472
ngun Phng h tr Sacombank - Chi nhnh Qun 4 nm 2011
Cng ty CP
175,235
61.48%
330,750
70.00%
88.7%
65.8%
Biu 3.6 :Xu hng d n tn dng i vi DNNVV theo loi hnh cng ty
350,000
330,750
300,000
250,000
200,000
175,235
150,000
86,940
100,000
50,000
47,087
62,706
54,810
0
2010
DNTN
2011
Cng ty TNHH
Cng ty CP
Qua bng trn ta thy Sacombank lun u tin cho loi hnh cng ty c phn,
bng chng t trng d n tng t 61% (2010) ln 70% (2011) v lun chim t
trng cao trong s cc loi hnh doanh nghip, nhng ng ni nht l loi hnh
cng ty TNHH c tc gia tng d n kh nhanh. C th nm 2010 th d n
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
42
C cu n qu hn ca chi nhnh:
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
43
2010
2011
S tin
S tin
( +/- )
Tng i
DNNVV
1.198
2.505
807
67%
Tng d n ca CN
712.572
945.000
232.428
32,62%
T l n qu hn
0.17%
0.27%
0.1%
58,82%
Ch tiu
Tng/ Gim
2011
S tin
T
trng
T
trng
Tuyt
i
Tng
i
Ngn hn
853.575
71.25% 1 862.47
74.35%
1 008.89
118.20%
Trung v di
hn
344.425
28.75%
642.533
25.65%
298.108
86.55%
Tng
1 198.00
100% 2 505.00
100%
S tin
1 307 109.10%
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
44
1862
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
854
800
643
600
344
400
200
0
2010
2011
Ngn hn
Trung v di hn
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
45
2010
Ch tiu
Tng/ gim
2011
S tin
T trng
S tin
T trng
( +/- )
CT CP
205
17.10%
423
16.90%
218
106.65%
CT TNHH
341
28.50%
711
28.40%
370
108.36%
DNTN
652
54.40%
1,370
54.70%
719
110.25%
Tng
1,198
100%
2,505
100%
1,307
ngun Phng h tr Sacombank - Chi nhnh Qun 4 nm 2011
109.10%
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
711
652
600
423
341
400
205
200
0
2010
2011
CT CP
CT TNHH
DNTN
Qua bng s liu trn ta thy t trng n qu hn hu nh khng thay i qua hai
nm, DNTN vn chim t trng cao nht vi trn 54% c trong hai nm. Tip
theo l cng ty TNHH vi t l n qu hn nm 2011 trong nhm DNNVV l
341 (triu ng) tng ng vi 28.4% trong tng n qu hn ca DNNVV v
c tc tng trng l 108.36%. Cui cng l nhm cng ty c phn chim
16.9% trong nm 2011 tng ng vi s tin 205 triu ng, tng 106.65% so
vi nm 2010.
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
46
Chnh lch
s tin
%
N qu hn (triu ng)
1198
2505
1307
109.10%
Tng d n (triu ng)
998000
1260000
262000
26.25%
0.12%
0.20%
0.08%
65.62%
n qu hn/Tng d n (%)
ngun Phng h tr Sacombank - Chi nhnh Qun 4 nm 2011
2010
2011
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
47
Chnh lch
s tin
%
Doanh s thu n(triu ng)
120175
178509
58334
48.54%
Doanh s cho vay(triu ng)
399200
472500
73300
18.36%
30.10%
37.78%
7.68%
25.50%
Doanh s thu n/doanh s cho vay
ngun Phng h tr Sacombank - Chi nhnh Qun 4 nm 2011
2010
2011
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
48
2010
2011
2010
2011
Chnh lch
s tin
%
31956 70.07%
187472 65.77%
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
49
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
50
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
51
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
52
Cc t chc x hi- ngh nghip trong khu vc DNNVV (nh cc hip hi, cu
lc b, qu du t...) cha hot ng tt, cha cung cp cc thng tin v th
trng, cc dch v h tr o to, cung cp cng ngh, my mc thit b, k
nng qun l... cho cc DNNVV. Thc t cc nc c DNNVV pht trin
mnh, cc t chc c vai tr rt quan trng trong vic pht trin cc DNNVV,
c bit a cc DNNVV tip cn vi ngun vn TD ca ngn hng.
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
53
dng v hnh thc s hu, loi hnh kinh doanh... th vic i mi, hon thin c
ch cho vay i vi cc DN (c bit i vi cc DNNVV) l rt cn thit. Mt
yu cu t ra i vi c ch cho vay l phi gn nh, linh hot ph hp tng
thnh phn kinh t, tng loi hnh DN m bo kh nng sinh li trong hot ng
cho vay trn c s phn tn ri ro, tun th chnh sch ca ngn hng v php
lut.
4.2.1. Thi hn cho vay
Ngn hng nn xc nh v iu chnh thi hn cho vay cho ph hp hn vi cc
DNNVV. Thi hn phi cn c vo chu k XSKD thc t ca DN, da vo mc
ch vay vn ( u t ti sn c nh, mua my mc, thit b hay p ng nhu
cu vn lu ng), k hoch sn xut, tiu th sn phm v cc hp ng mua
bn...
Cho vay ngn hn l khon vay ti a n 12 thng c xc nh ph hp vi
chu k SXKD v kh nng tr n ca ngn hng. Cho vay di hn i vi
DNNVV cng c thc hin vi mt s thi hn nht nh, vn cha bm st
vo thi hn thu hi vn ca d n u t, kh nng tr n ca khch hngv tnh
cht ngun vn cho vay ca cc t chc TD. Vn y l chi nhnh cn phi
tng t trng cho vay trung v di hn i vi DNNVV c tnh hnh SXKD tt.
V khi cc nh thi hn cho vay cn ph hp vi kh nng sinh li v tui th
ca my mc thit b.
4.2.2. Li sut cho vay
y l vn khng ch c cc ngn hng quan tm m c cc DN lun ch v
n lin quan n li ch vt cht ca cc bn. Thc t cho thy, cc khon TD ca
DNNVV thng l TD ngn hn do c im s dng vn vay, ngn hng c th
p dng cc li sut linh hot i vi tng thi hn vay, tng khch hng, tng
khon vay c th.
Cn i vi TD trung v di hn, DN ang c mt khon vay ngn hng v ang
phi tr li sut ghi trn kh c. Trong tng thi k nht nh, ngn hng c s
iu chnh li sut khc nhau v c nhng lc thp hn li sut ghi trong kh
c. Lc , nn chng ngn hng p dng mt chnh sch li sut iu chnh i
vi khch hng, to iu kin gip DNNVV gim bt chi ph vn, h gi thnh
sn xut, tng tnh cnh tranh cho sn phm...
4.2.3. Th tc cho vay
Thc t cho thy, nhiu khch hng phn nn v s rc ri ca th tc vay vn
nhng iu vn khng lm gim ri ro TD m thm ch cn hn ch vic
khch hng n vi ngn hng. Do vy, cn a ra th tc n gin gn nh m
vn m bo an ton vn cho ngn hng.
Vy nn rt ngn thi gian xt duyt vn vay, v bn cnh trch nhim lm tt,
lm ng yu cu, cn b TD nn gip khch hng trong qu trnh hon thnh
th tc h s trong iu kin cho php.
To s n gin d hiu trong h s TD, ph hp vi mi trnh ca khch
hng ng thi vn m bo nhng iu kin trong hot ng cho vay.
Vng mc trong hot ng TD ca ngn hng hin nay l rm r nhiu th tc,
do phi p ng chnh xc quy ch cng nhc ca ngn hng i vi cc khch
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
54
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
55
Vic la chn khch hng phi p dng cho mi khch hng, khng phn bit
thnh phn kinh t, quy m, trnh tnh trng u tin cho DN quc doanh, cc DN
ln m khng ch n cc DN ngoi quc doanh, DNNVV.
4.4.2. Vic phn cp TD phi cht ch
Trong hot ng cho vay, vn trch nhim c quy nh r rng, c th s
gp phn nng cao hiu qu cho vay. Cc b phn trong ngn hng phi gim st
vn vay theo ng trch nhim ca mnh, khi pht hin c vn th c bin
php kp thi tc ng, hn ch thp nht thit hi c th xy ra.
i vi tng khon vay, trch nhim c phn cng nh sau: cn b TD trc
tip thm nh v cho khch hng vay, trng (ph) phng TD, Gim c (ph
gim c) chi nhnh xt duyt cho vay v qun l chung. y nn ch p dng
trch nhim hnh chnh v x l tu theo tng trng hp c th, trong iu kin
c th.
4.4.3. Nng cao cht lng thng tin phng nga ri ro
Chi nhnh Ngn hng Sacombank - CN Q.4 thu thp thng tin thng qua khch
hng n phng vn vay, bo co ti chnh, bo co kt qu kinh doanh, c cn
b i kim tra thc t SXKD ca khch hng. Tuy nhin, nu ch thu thp ngun
tin t pha khch hng th cha tin cy. Ngn hng cn ch n nhng
vn sau:
- Ch trng ti vic c cn b c kin thc nghip v ngn hng v kin thc
chuyn mn ca ngnh ngh, lnh vc m khch hng ang kinh doanh, n tn
a bn SX ca DN, kt hp vi thng tin do khch hng cung cp thm nh.
- Ngn hng phi thng xuyn theo di cc thng tin c cung cp t h
thng thng tin TD bao gm: trung tm TD ca NHNN Vit Nam v phng
TTTD ca Ngn hng Sacombank. H thng thng tin ny c nh gi l ng
tin cy v do Nh nc qun l.
- Ngn hng cn c mt b phn ring qun l cc h s, giy t ca khch
hng, k c vi nhng khch hng tm thi khng hoc cha c quan h TD vi
ngn hng.
- Ch trng thng tin i chng v y l ngun khch quan nht. Cn c s
ho tc v trao i thng xuyn vi nhng t chc TD khc... v gi mi quan
h tt vi khch hng v h c th cung cp cho ngn hng nhng thng tin chnh
xc.
4.4.4. Tng cng kim tra, gim st khch hng vay vn
Nng cao vai tr cng tc thanh tra, kim tra trc, trong v sau khi cho vay l
cng vic quan trng m bo cht lng cho vay. Do cn tng cng tin
hnh cng vi vic m rng TD i vi DNNVV.
Trong qu trnh s dng vn vay, phi sau mt thi gian nht nh khch hng
mi bc l nhng nhc im, do vy, thng xuyn nh gi mc tn nhim
ca khch hng trong qu trnh kim tra, gim st vn vay l rt cn thit, nhm
theo di kp thi kh nng ri ro c th xy ra c nhng bin php i ph
thch hp nhm gim thiu ri ro TD.
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
56
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
57
GVHD: Nguyn Nh nh
58
Mt trong nhng kh khn m c DNNVV v ngn hng gp phi khi thc hin
mt khon vay l vn v ti sn th chp v x l ti sn th chp.
tho g kh khn cho cc DN, NHNN nn m rng phm vi dnh mc ti sn
m DN c th dng th chp, cm c... gip cho cc DNNVV dng ti sn ca
mnh lm bo m, tip cn c vi ngun vn vay ngn hng nhiu hn. Ngoi
ra vn nh gi ti sn th chp cng cn c quan tm, ch o gii quyt
sao cho gi tr ti sn c xc nh mt cch ph hp, st vi thc t th trng.
Trnh tnh trng nh gi qu thp hoc qu cao gy nh hng n cc DN.
i vi ngn hng, khi khch hng khng tr c vn vay th vic x l ti sn
m bo tin vay ca NH ang gp nhiu kh khn do NHNN cha c quy nh
c th. NHNN nn thnh lp ra mt trung tm, t chc pht mi ti sn th chp,
cm c, bo lnh, c chuyn mn trong lnh vc nh gi, u gi, m bo cho
cc ti sn s l ngun thu n th hai ch khng phi l gnh nng cho ngn
hng nh hin nay, gip ngn hng thu li mt phn vn, m bo hot ng
kinh doanh.
4.7.3. Hon thin h thng thng tin TD
h tr cho cc NHTM tong vic thu thp, tm kim thng tin, NHNN cn
hon thin h thng thng tin ca mnh, m c th v trc tin l chn chnh
hot ng ca trung tm thng tin TD(CIC) t khu cp nht d liu, cung cp s
liu, m bo kp thi, chnh xc tin cy; gip ngn hng thm nh tt hn
khch hng. Kt hp vi cc TCTD, m bo thng tin hai chiu gia trung tm
v cc TCTD.