Bi 1 t chy mt hn hp gm 2 hydrocacbon A, B (c M hn km nhau 28g) th thu c

0,3mol CO
2
v 0,5 mol H
2
O. Tm CTPT & tn A, B
GII :
Hydrocacbon A, B c M hn km nhau 28g A, B thuc cng dy ng ng.
Cch 1 :
A, B + O
2
CO
2
+ H
2
O
67 , 1
3 , 0
5 , 0
n
n
2
2
CO
O H

>1 A, B thuc dy ng ng ankan.
t CTTB A, B :
2 n 2 n
H C
+
: a mol
O 1)H n ( CO n O
2
1 n 3
H C
2 2 2
2 n 2 n
+ +
+
+
+
a a
n
a(
n
+1) (mol)
Ta c
n
1 n
3 , 0
5 , 0
n
n
2
2
CO
O H
+


n
= 1,5
t CTTQ A, B : C
n
H
2n+2
v C
m
H
2m+2

Gi s n< m n< 1,5 n = 1 CTPT A : CH
4
(M = 16)
M
B
= 16 + 28 = 44 CTPT B : C
3
H
8
.
Cch 2 : t CTTQ A, B : C
n
H
2n+2
: a mol v C
m
H
2m+2
: b mol
Cc ptp chy :
O k)H - 1 (n nCO O
2
k - 1 3n
H C
2 2 2 2k - 2 2n n
+ +
+
+
+
a an a(n+1-k) (mol)
O k)H - 1 (m mCO O
2
k - 1 3m
H C
2 2 2 2k - 2 2m m
+ +
+
+
+
b bm b(m+1-k) (mol)
Ta c :

'

+ + +
+
0,5 k)b - 1 (m k)a - 1 (n
0,3 bm an
(a+b)(1-k) = 0,2 k = 0 v ch c k = 0 th phng trnh mi c ngha.
a + b = 0,2 v an + bm = 0,3
Gi s n < m
n(a+b) < m (a+b)
n <
b a
bm na
+
+
< m n <
5 , 1
0,2
0,3

< m
Bin lun tng t cch trn suy ra CTPT A : CH
4
v B : C
3
H
8
.
Bi 2
Cracking ankan A, ngi ta thu c mt hn hp kh B gm 2 ankan v 2 anken. T khi hi ca B
so vi H
2
d
B/H2
= 14,5. Khi dn hn hp kh B qua dung dch Br
2
d, khi lng hn hp kh gim i
55,52%.
a) Tm CTPT ca A v cc cht trong B.
b) Tnh % th tch cc cht kh trong B.
GII
bi ny da vo tnh cht phn ng cracking v p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng tm M
A
kt hp vi phng php ghp n s gii.
hhB M
=14,5.2 = 29
Theo LBT khi lng : khi lng A em cracking = khi lng hn hp B
m
Atham gia p
= m
B
(1)
1
Phn ng cracking lm tng gp i s mol hydrocacbon nn
n
B
= 2n
A tham gia p
(2)(1) chia (2)
hhB M = M
A
M
A
= 29.2 = 58 M
A
= 14n + 2 = 58 n= 4
CTPT A l C
4
H
10

Cc ptpu cracking A :
C
4
H
10
CH
4
+ C
3
H
6
a a a (mol)
C
4
H
10
C
2
H
6
+ C
2
H
4

b b b (mol)
Gi A, B ln lt l s mol A b cracking theo 2 phn ng trn.
hh B gm : CH
4
: a (mol)
C
2
H
6
: b (mol)
C
3
H
6
: a (mol)
C
2
H
4
: b (mol)
Khi dn hh qua dd Br
2
th 2 anken b hp th.
m
2anken
= 55,52%m
B
= 55,52%m
A
mC
3
H
6
+ mC
2
H
4
= 55,52%.58 (a+b)
42a + 28b = 32,2016 (a+b) 9,7984a = 4,2016b b 2,3a (mol)
n
B
= 2(a + b) = 2 (a + 2,3a) = 6,6a (mol)
cng iu kin, t l s mol cng chnh l t l v th tch
%CH
4
= %C
3
H
6
=
% 100 *
6 , 6 a
a
= 15% %C
2
H
6
= %C
2
H
4
=
% 35 % 100 *
6 , 6
3 , 2
% 100 *
6 , 6

a
a
a
b
Bi 3 :
t chy 19,2 g hn hp 2 ankan k tip th thu c V lt CO
2
(0
o
C, 2 atm). Cho V lt CO
2
trn qua
dd Ca(OH)
2
th thu c 30g kt ta. Nu tip tc cho dd Ca(OH)
2
vo n d th thu c thm 100g kt
ta na.
a) Xc nh CTPT 2 ankan.
b) Tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng 2 hydrocacbon.
GII
bi ny, t chy hn hp gm 2 ankan lin tip nn dng phng php trung bnh gii.
a) Xc nh CTPT 2 ankan :
t CTTQ 2 ankan X : C
n
H
2n+2
: a (mol)
Y : C
m
H
2m+2
: b (mol)
CTPT trung bnh 2 ankan
2 2 + n n
H C
Gi s n < m n<
n
< m = n + 1.
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O
2CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
Ca(HCO
3
)
2

Khi cho thm dd Ca(OH)
2
vo n d :
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
2CaCO
3
+ 2H
2
O
p dng LBT khi lng th mCO
2
= mCO
2
(trong
3
CaCO
)
nCO
2
= nCaCO
3
=
3 , 1
100
100 30

+
(mol) mCO
2
= 1,3.44 = 57,2 (g)
O H n CO n O
n
H C
n n
2 2 2
2 2
) 1 (
2
1 3
+ +
+
+
+

M
44
n
19,2 57,2
Ta c t l :
2 , 57
44
2 , 19
2 14
2 , 57
44
2 , 19
n n n M

+

n
= 2,6
Ta c n <
n
= 2,6 < m = n+1 n = 2 v m =3
Vy CTPT 2 ankan l C
2
H
6
v C
3
H
8
2
b) Tnh % cc hydrocacbon trn :
C
2
H
6
+ 7/2O
2
2CO
2
+ 3H
2
O
a 2a (mol)
C
3
H
8
+ 5O
2
3CO
2
+ 4H
2
O
b 3b (mol)
n
CO2
= 2a + 3b = 1,3 (1)
m
hh
= 30a + 44b = 19,2 (2) (1) , (2) a = 0,2 ;b = 0,3 (mol)
%C
2
H
6
=
% 25 , 31 % 100 *
2 , 19
2 , 0 . 30
% 100 *
2 , 19
30

a
% C
3
H
8
=
% 75 , 68 % 100 *
2 , 19
3 , 0 . 44
% 100 *
2 , 19
44

b
Bi 4 :
Mt hn hp X gm 2 hydrocacbon lin tip nhau thuc cng mt dy ng ng v u th kh
ktc. t chy X vi 6,4g O
2
(ly d) v cho hn hp CO
2
, H
2
O, O
2
d i qua bnh ng dung dch
Ca(OH)
2
d th c 100g kt ta v cn li 1 kh thot ra c V= 11,2l(0,4atm,O
o
C).
a) Xc nh dy ng ng A,B
b) Xc nh CTPT ca A, B
Tm tt :
X
6,4g O
2
CO
2
H
2
O
O
2
d
dd Ca(OH)
2
d
1 kh coV=11,2l (0,4atm;O
o
C)
100g
n
O2b
= 64/32 = 2 mol
GII
bi ny, t chy 2 hydrocacbon lin tip thuc cng mt dy ng ng nn s dng phng php trung
bnh gii.
a) Xc nh dy ng ng ca A, B :
nO
2 d
= PV/RT = 11,2.0,4/(0,082.273) = 0,2 mol
nO
2 pu
= 2-0,2 = 1,8 (mol)
kh CO
2
, H
2
O b hp th vo dd Ca(OH)
2
d
Ca(OH)
2
+ CO
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O
nCO
2
= nCaCO
3
= 100/100 = 1 mol
O H
2
y
CO x O
4
y
x H C
2 2
t
2
y x
0
+

,
_

+ +
p dng LBT nguyn t (O) cho ptpu chy :
nO
2
p = nCO
2
+ nH
2
O
n
H2O
= 2(n
O2 p
n
CO2
) = 2(1,8-1) = 1,6 mol.
Ta thy nH
2
O > nCO
2
hai hydrocacbon trn thuc dy ng ng ankan.
CTPT trung bnh 2 ankan l :
2 2 + n n
H C
O H n CO n O
n
H C
n n
2 2 2
2 2
) 1 (
2
1 3
+ +
+
+
+
x (3n +1)/2x xn x ( n +1) (mol)
n
CO2
= x
n
= 1
n
H2O
= x(
n
+1) = 1,6
x = 0,6
n
= 1,67
1 <
n
=1,67 < m= n + 1
n= 1 v m = 2
CTPT 2 ankan l CH
4
v C
2
H
6

Bi 5 :
3
t chy 560cm
3
hn hp kh (ktc) gm 2 hydrocacbon c cng s nguyn t cacbon ta thu c
4,4g CO
2
v 1,9125g hi nc.
a) Xc nh CTPT cc cht hu c.
b) Tnh %khi lng cc cht.
c) Nu cho lng CO
2
trn vo 100 ml dd KOH 1,3M; Tnh C
M
mui to thnh.
GII
bi ny, ta dng phng php s nguyn t H trung bnh kt hp vi phng php bin lun
gii.
a) Xc nh CTPT cc hydrocacbon :
t CTPT 2 hydrocacbon trn :

'

y' x
y x
H C : B
H C : A
CTPT trung bnh 2 hydrocacbon trn :
y x
H C
Gi s y < y y < y < y
S mol hn hp kh n
hh
=
025 , 0
4 , 22
56 , 0

mol
nCO
2
= 4,4/44 = 0,1 (mol)
nH
2
O = 1,9125/18 = 0,10625 (mol)
O H
2
y
CO x O
4
y
x H C
2 2
t
2
y x
0
+

,
_

+ +
0,025 0,025x 0,025 y /2

'

'

8,5 y
4 x
0,10625
2
y
0,025 n
0,1 0,025 n
H2O
CO2
CTPT A, B c dng : A : C
4
H
y
v B : C
4
H
y

Ta c y < y < y hay y < 8,5 <y (1)
Bin lun tm CTPT B :
8,5 < y chn
y 2x + 2 = 2.4 + 2 = 10 y =10 CTPT B : C
4
H
10

Tng t bin lun tm CTPT A :
y < 8,5
y chn
y 2 4 6 8
A C
4
H
2
C
4
H
4
C
4
H
6
C
4
H
8
Vy c 4 cp nghim :

'

10' 4
2 4
H C : B
H C : A
v

'

10' 4
4 4
H C : B
H C : A
v

'

10' 4
6 4
H C : B
H C : A
v

'

10' 4
8 4
H C : B
H C : A
c) Tnh C
M
cc mui to thnh :
n
KOH
= V.C
M
= 0,1.1,3 = 0,13 (mol)
Ta c :
2
CO
KOH
n
n
=
3 , 1
1 , 0
13 , 0

To thnh 2 mui.
CO
2
+ 2KOH K
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O
a 2a a (mol)
CO
2
+ KOH KHCO
3

b b b (mol)
4
Ta c :

'

+
+
13 , 0 n b 2a
1 , 0 n b a
KOH
CO
2

'

0,07 b
0,03 a
(mol)
C
M(K2CO3 )
=
3 , 0
0,1
0,03

(M) C
M(KHCO3)
=
7 , 0
0,1
0,07

(M)
Bi 6 :
t chy hon ton hn hp gm ankin (A) v ankan (B) c V = 5,6 lt (kc) c 30,8g CO
2
v
11,7g H
2
O
Xc nh CTPT A,B. Tnh % A,B. Bit B nhiu hn A mt C
GII
bi ny, t chy hn hp 2 hydrocacbon khng phi l ng ng ca nhau nn khng dng
phng php trung bnh c m s dng phng php ghp n s v bin lun gii.
Gi 5,6 l hh :

'

+
b
a
: H C : B
: H C : A
2 2m m
2 - 2n n
(mol) (n 2; m 1)
O 1)H (n nCO O
2
3n
H C
2 2 2 2 - 2n n
+ +
a an a(n-1) (mol)
O 1)H m ( mCO O
2
1 3m
H C
2 2 2 2 2m m
+ +
+
+
+
b bm bm (mol)
n
hn hp
= a+ b =
25 , 0
4 , 22
6 , 5

(mol) (1)
n

CO
2
= an + bm = 7 , 0
44
8 , 30
(mol) (2)
n

H
2
O = a(n-1) + bm = 65 , 0
18
7 , 11
(mol) (3)
(2), (3) an - a + bm = 0,65
<=> 0,7 - a = 0,65 a = 0,05 mol
(1) b = 0,25 a = 0,25-0,05 = 0,2 mol
(2) an + bm = 0,05n +0,2m = 0,7 n + 4m = 14
m 3,5
n = 14 4m
m = n +1 v B nhiu hn A mt C
Bin lun :
m 1 2 3
n 10 6 2
Vy m = 3 n =2Vy CTPT A, B:

'

6 3
2 2
:
:
H C B
H C A
Bi 7 :
Mt hn hp kh (X) gm 1 ankan, 1 anken v 1 ankin c V =1,792 lt ( ktc) c chia thnh 2
phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1: Cho qua dung dch AgNO
3
/NH
3
d to 0,735 g kt ta v th tch hn hp gim 12,5%
- Phn 2 : t chy hon ton ri hp th sn phm chy vo 0,2 lt dung dch Ca(OH)
2
0,0125M thy c
11g kt ta
Xc nh CTPT ca cc hydrocacbon.
GII :
bi ny, c nhiu th nghim vi nhiu d kin, ta nn dng phng php ghp n s gii.
5
n
hh
=
08 , 0
4 , 22
792 , 1

mol
gi a, b, c ln lt l s mol ca ankan, anken, ankin trong mi phna + b + c = 0,04 mol (1)
Phn 1 + dd AgNO
3
/NH
3
d 0,735g V
hh
gim 12,5% V
ankin
= 12,5%(1/2V
hh
)
n
ankin
= c = 12,5%*0,04 = 0,005 mol (2)M=
147
005 , 0
735 , 0

Trong phn t kt ta ch c mt nguyn t bc. Vy ankin ban u l ankin-1

t CTPT kt ta C
n
H
2n-3
Ag
M= 14n +105 = 107 n= 3
Vy CTPT ankin l C
3
H
4
.
Ta c a + b = 0,04- c =0,04 -0,005 = 0,035 mol (3)
Phn 2 :
C
3
H
4
+ 4O
2
3CO
2
+ 2H
2
O
0,005 0,015 (mol)
C
m
H
2m
+ 3m/2O
2
mCO
2
+ mH
2
O
b mb (mol)
C
n
H
2n+2
+ (3n+1)/2O
2
nCO
2
+ (n+1)H
2
O
a na (mol)
n
CO2
= 0,015 + mb + na (mol) (4)
n
Ca(OH)2
= 0,2 * 0,0125 = 0,115 mol
nCaCO
3
= 11/100 = 0,11(mol)
Khi cho CO
2
vo dd Ca(OH)
2
c th xy ra cc phn ng sau :
Ca(OH)
2
+ CO
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O (5)
Ca(OH)
2
+ 2CO
2
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
(6)
TH 1 : S mol CO
2
thiu so vi dd Ca(OH)
2
, ch xy ra phng trnh phn ng s (5)
nCO
2
= 0,015 + mb + na = nCaCO
3
= 0,11 mol
mb + na = 0,095 mol (7)
Cch 1 : Dng phng php bin lun da vo gii hn
Gi s n < m na + nb < na + mb < ma + mb n(a + b) < na + mb < m(a + b)
n <
b a
mb na
+
+
< m 1 n <
7 , 2
035 , 0
095 , 0

<m 4

'

4 ; 3
2 ; 1
m
n
Vy c 4 cp nghim ng vi trng hp 1 :

'

6 3
4
:
:
H C anken
CH ankan
hay

'

6 3
6 2
:
:
H C anken
H C ankan
hay

'

8 4
4
:
:
H C anken
CH ankan
hay

'

8 4
6 2
:
:
H C anken
H C ankan
Gi s m < n 2 m <
7 , 2
035 , 0
095 , 0

<n 4

'

2
4 , 3
m
n
C 2 cp nghim :

'

4 2
8 3
:
:
H C anken
H C ankan
hay

'

4 2
10 4
:
:
H C anken
H C ankan
TH 2 : Xy ra c hai phng trnh phn ng 5,6 :
Ca(OH)
2
+ CO
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O (5)
0,11 0,11 0,11 (mol)
Ca(OH)
2
+ 2CO
2
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
(6)
(0,115-0,11) 2.0,005
n
CO2
= 0,11 + 2.0,005 = 0,12 (mol)
na + mb = 0,12 0,015 = 0,105 (mol)
Gi s n<m
6
1 n <
3
035 , 0
105 , 0

<m 4

'

4
2 , 1
m
n
CTPT

'

8 4
4
H C
CH
v

'

8 4
6 2
H C
H C
* n = 3

'

6 3
8 3
H C
H C
Gi s m < n 2 m <
3
035 , 0
105 , 0

<n 4
C 2 cp nghim :

'

2
3
m
n
v

'

2
4
m
n
CTPT cc cht :

'

4 2
8 3
H C
H C
v

'

4 2
10 4
H C
H C
Vy c 11 nghim tha yu cu bi.
Cch 2 : dng phng php trung bnh kt hp vi phng php bin lun.
t CTPT trung bnh ca ankan, anken :
k n n
H C
2 2 2 +
Vit cc phng trnh phn ng nh trn
b a
bm an
n
+
+
Bin lun tng t nh trn.
Bi 8 :
t chy hon ton 0,3mol hn hp gm 2 hydrocacbon A, B (thuc cc dy ng ng ankan,
anken, ankin) c t l phn t lng 22:13 ri dn sn phm sinh ra vo bnh Ba(OH)
2
d thy bnh nng
thm 46,5g v c 147,75g kt ta.
a) Tm CTPT A, B v tnh khi lng mi cht.
b) Cho 0,3 mol X li t t qua 0,5 lt dung dch Br
2
0,2M thy dung dch Br
2
mt mu hon ton, kh thot
ra khi dung dch Brm chim th tch 5,04 lt (ktc). Hi thu c sn phm g? Gi tn v tnh khi
lng ca chng.
GII :
bi ny, ta c th gii theo phng php bin lun so snh s mol kt hp phng php ghp n s
gii hoc s dng phng php trung bnh.
Sn phm chy ca 2 hydrocacbon l CO
2
v H
2
O. Khi hp th vo bnh cha dd Ba(OH)
2
th
C CO
2
v H
2
O u b dd Ba(OH)
2
d hp th
m
bnh tng
= mCO
2
+ mH
2
O

= 46,5g
CO
2
+ Ba(OH)
2
BaCO
3
+ H
2
O
n
CO2
= n
BaCO3
= 75 , 0
197
75 , 147
mol
mH
2
O = 46,5 0,75.44 = 13,5(gam) nH
2
O =
75 , 0
18
5 , 13

(mol)
Cch 1 :
Ta thy khi t hai hydrocacbon cho s mol nCO
2
= nH
2
O = 0,75 mol
Cch 2 : bin lun theo phng php s
k
trung bnh
t CTPT trung bnh ca hai hydrocacbon trn l :
k 2 2 n 2 n
H C
+
( ) O H k 1 n CO n O
2
k 1 n 3
H C
2 2 2
k 2 2 n 2 n
+ +
+
+
+
1
n
( k +1 n ) (mol)
0,3 0,3
n
0,3( k +1 n ) (mol)
nCO
2
= 0,3
n
= 0,75 (mol)
n
= 2,5 nH
2
O = 0,3(
k +1 n
) = 0,75 (mol)
thay
n
= 2,5 vo phng trnh trn
k
=1 c hai trng hp :
* A, B u l anken * A l ankan, B l ankin (hoc ngc li)
TH 1 : A, B l anken.
7
t CTPT

'

b : H C : B
a : H C : A
2m m
2n n
(mol) t CTPT trung bnh 2 anken
n 2 n
H C
O H n CO n O
2
n 3
H C
2 2 2
n 2 n
+ +
0,3 0,3
n
nCO
2
= 0,3
n
= 0,75
n
= 2,5 Gi s n< m n= 2. CTPT A l C
2
H
4
.
A l anken nh nht nn ta ch c t l :
4 , 3
13
44
13
22
14
14
m
n
m
M
M
A
B
(loi)
TH 2 : A l ankan, B l ankin

'

+
b : H C : B
a : H C : A
2 - 2m m
2 2n n
(mol)
O 1)H (n nCO O
2
1 3n
H C
2 2 2 2 2n n
+ +
+
+
+
a an a(n+1) (mol)
O 1)H - m ( mCO O
2
1 - 3m
H C
2 2 2 2 - 2m m
+ +
b bm b(m-1) (mol)
ta c :
nCO
2
= an + bm = 0,75 (1)
n
hh
= a + b = 0,3 (2)
nH
2
O = a(n+1) + b(m-1) = an + bm + (a-b) = 0,75 (3)
Thay (1) vo (3) : a- b = 0 hay a= b
(2) a = b = 0,15 (mol) (1) n + m =
5
15 , 0
75 , 0

Xt t l phn t lng gia A v B ta c hai trng hp :

M
A
: M
B
= 22 : 13

2
35
5 . 14
35
) ( 14
13
2 14
22
2 14

+

+ n m m n
n = 3 (A : C
3
H
8
) v n =2 (B : C
2
H
2
)
M
B
: M
A
= 22 : 13

2
35
5 . 14
35
) ( 14
22
2 14
13
2 14

+

+ n m m n
n = 1,7 v m = 3,28 (loi)
Vy hai hydrocacbon l :

'

0,15 : H C : B
0,15 : H C : A
2 2
8 3
(mol)
Tnh khi lng cc cht trong hn hp :
m
C3H8
= 0,15.44 = 6,6 (g) m
C2H2
= 0,15.26 = 3,9 (g)
b) Xc nh tn v tnh khi lng sn phm :
nBr
2
= 0,5.0,2 = 0,1(mol)
Dung dch Br
2
b mt mu han ton chng t 0,1 mol Br
2
trong dd phn ng ht.
S mol kh thot ra khi dd Br
2
l 5,04/22,4 = 0,225 (mol) trong c 0,15 mol C
3
H
8
.
nC
2
H
2
p = 0,225 0,15 = 0,075 (mol)
Hai phn ng c th xy ra :
C
2
H
2
+ Br
2
C
2
H
2
Br
2
(lng)
a a a (mol)
C
2
H
2
+ 2Br
2
C
2
H
2
Br
4
(lng)
b 2b b (mol)
Ta c h phng trnh :
8

'

+
+
0,075 b a
0,1 2b a

'

0,025 b
0,05 a

'

8,65g 0,025.346 m
9,3g 0,05.186 m
4 2 2
2 2 2
Br H C
Br H C
Tn 2 sn phm : C
2
H
2
Br
2
: 1,2- Dibrometen; C
2
H
2
Br
4
: 1,1,2,2-Tetrabrometan.
Bi 9 :
Mt hn hp gm mt s hydrocacbon lin tip trong dy ng ng c khi lng phn t trung
bnh (
M
) = 64.
100
o
C th hn hp ny th kh, lm lnh n nhit phng th mt s cht b ngng t. cc cht kh
c khi lng phn t trung bnh (= 54). Cc cht lng c (=74). Tng khi lng cc cht trong hn hp
u l 252.
Bit khi lng phn t cht nng nht gp i cht nh nht. Tm CTPT cc cht v % th tch cc
cht trong hn hp.
GII :
bi ny, p dng tnh cht ng ng trong ton hc gii
Gi a
1
, a
2
, , a
n
l khi lng phn t ca cc hydrocacbon trn.
* p dng tnh cht ton hc :
Cc hydrocacbon lin tip thuc cng mt dy ng ng s to nn mt cp s cng c cng sai d =
14
a
n
= a
1
+ (n-1)d
S = n *
2
a a
n 1
+
Vi a
n
= 2a
1
2a
1
= a
1
+ (n-1).14
a
1
= 14(n-1) S = 1,5na
1
= 252
Hay 15,5.14n(n-1) = 252 21n
1
2
- 21n
1
- 252 = 0
n = 4(nhn) hay n = -3 (loi) a
1
= 14(4-1) = 42
t hydrocacbon u l A
1
: C
x
H
y
M
1
= 12x + y = 42
m : y chn
y 2x +2
x 1 2 3
4
y 30 18 6 < 0
Vy A l C
3
H
6
, l hydrocacbon u tin trong cp s cng trn.
Cc ng ng k tip ca n l C
4
H
8
, C
5
H
10
, C
6
H
12
(M = 84)
Tnh % th tch cc cht trong hn hp :
Gi a, b, c, d (mol) ln lt l s mol cc hydrocacbon tng ng : C
3
H
6
, C
4
H
8
, C
5
H
10
, C
6
H
12
.
Ta c : 64
d c b a
84d 70c 56b 42a
M
+ + +
+ + +
(1)
54
b a
56b 42a
M '
+
+
khi b = 6a (2)
74
d c
84d 70c
Ml
+
+

c = 2,5d(3)
Thay (2), (3) vo (1) :
64
d 2,5d 6a a
84d 70.2,5d 56.6a 42a
M
+ + +
+ + +

64
d 5 , 3 7a
259d 378a

+
+
d = 2a (4) c= 2,5.2a = 5a (3)
n
hh
= a + b + c + d = a + 6a + 5a + 2a = 14a
cng iu kin, t l v s mol bng t l v th tch
%C
3
H
6
= % 14 , 7 % 100 *
14a
a
%C
4
H
8
= % 85 , 42 % 100 *
14a
6a

%C
5
H
10
= % 71 , 35 % 100 *
14a
5a
%C
6
H
12
= % 28 , 14 % 100 *
14a
2a

9
Bi 10
Hn hp kh X gm 4 hydrocacbon A, B, C, D iiu kin chun. Trn X vi O
2

va t
chy ht X trong mt bnh kn nhit T
1
> 100
o
C v p sut 0,8amt. Bt tia la in t chy hon
ton hn hp ri a bnh v nhit T
1
, o li p sut trong bnh vn c tr s 0,8atm. Lm li th
nghim vi cc hn hp X c thnh phn A, B, C, D khc nhau vn thu c kt qu nh c.
a) Lp CTPT A, B, C, D bit rng M
A
< M
B
< M
C
< M
D
.
b) Vit ptp iu ch D t A v B t C
GII :
Nhit sau khi t T
1
> 100
o
C H
2
O th hi
cng iu kin nhit , th tch p sut bnh trc v sau khi t khng i s mol kh trong bnh
trc v sau phn ng bng nhau.
Khi thay i thnh phn ca hn hp X m kt qu khng thay i khi t chy tng cht th tng
s mol trc v sau phn ng cng bng nhau.
t cng thc ca mt cht trong hn hp l : C
x
H
y

O H
2
y
xCO O
4
y
x H C
2 2
t
2 y x
0
+

,
_

+ +
a a(x + y/4) ax ay/2 (mol)
Ta c : n
T
= n
S
a + a(x + 0,25y) = ax + 0,5ay
1 + x + 0,25y = x + 0,5y 0,25y = 1 y = 4
Vy c 4 hydrocacbon trn u c 4 nguyn t H trong phn t.
Mt khc do A, B, C, D u th kh nn x 4
Vy 4 hydrocacbon trong X l CH
4
, C
2
H
4
, C
3
H
4
, C
4
H
4
Theo th t M
A
< M
B
< M
C
< M
D
th A : CH
4
, B: C
2
H
4
, C: C
3
H
4
, D: C
4
H
4
.
b. Vit cc ptp iu ch :
iu ch D t A :
2CH
4


ln , 1500 l c
O
C
2
H
2
+ 3H
2
2C
2
H
2


C HCl CuCl
o
100 , ,
C
4
H
4
(vinylaxetilen)
iu ch B t C :
C
3
H
4
+ 2H
2


C t Ni,
o
C
3
H
8
C
3
H
8
C t
o
CH
4
+ C
2
H
4

Bi 11 :
t chy mt s mol nh nhau ca 3 hydrocacbon L, L, M ta thu c lng CO
2
nh nhau v t l
s mol H
2
O v CO
2
i vi K., L, M tng ng bng 0,5; 1, 1,5.
a) Xc nh CTPT K, L, M
b) Nu cch nhn bit 3 kh trn ng trong 3 l mt nhn
c) Hy tch ring 3 cht trong hn hp trn.
GII
t cng thc chung cho 3 hydrocacbon l C
n
H
2n +2-2k
vi k l s lin kt

trong phn t cc
hydrocacbon trn.
O k)H - 1 (n nCO O
2
k - 1 3n
H C
2 2 2 2k - 2 2n n
+ +
+
+
+
a an a(n+1-k) (mol)
3 hydrocacbon t vi s mol nh nhau thu c lng CO
2
nh nhau nn K, L, M c cng s C trong
phn t.
T =
n
k n
n
n
CO
O H
+

1
2
2
K th T = 0,5 0,5n = n + 1 k n = 2(k 1)
10
0 n 4 v k 0
n = 2, k = 2 K : C
2
H
2

L th T = 1 n = 2 v k = 1
CTPT L : C
2
H
4
M th T = 1,5 n = 2 v k = 0
CTPT M : C
2
H
6

11