Thiet Ke Nha May SX CA Phe Nhan

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- 1 - Thit k nh my sn xut c ph nhn
PHN I:........................................................................................................................... 2
LI M U. ................................................................................................................ 2
PHN II: ......................................................................................................................... 4
LP LUN KINH T K THUT............................................................................... 7
PHN III:...................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
TNG QUAN V NGUYN LIU............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
PHN IV:...................................................................................................................... 15
CHN V THUYT MINH QUY TRNH CNG NGH. ....................................... 15
A. Chn phng php ch bin..................................................................................... 15
B. Qui trnh cng ngh sn xut c ph nhn bng phng php kh.......................... 16
C. Qui trnh cng ngh sn xut c ph rang xay ......................................................... 24
PHN V:....................................................................................................................... 29
TNH CN BNG NGUYN LIU ........................................................................... 29
5.1.Tnh hnh sn xut ca nh my.............................................................................. 29
5.2. Cn bng vt cht cho sn xut c ph nhn.......................................................... 29
5.3. Tnh cn bng vt cht cho sn xut c ph rang................................................... 36
PHN VI:...................................................................................................................... 39
TNH CN BNG NHIT LNG. .......................................................................... 39
6.1. Cn bng nhit lng cho qu trnh sn xut c ph nhn..................................... 39
6.2. Cn bng nhit lng cho c ph rang xay ............................................................ 44
PHN VII: .................................................................................................................... 49
TNH V CHN THIT B......................................................................................... 49
A. Tnh v chn thit b cho dy chuyn c ph nhn. ................................................. 49
B. Tnh chn thit b dy chuyn sn xut c ph rang ................................................ 66
PHN VIII: ................................................................................................................... 74
TNH T CHC V TNH XY DNG................................................................... 74
I. Tnh t chc ............................................................................................................... 74
II. Tnh xy dng........................................................................................................... 78
PHN IX:...................................................................................................................... 87
TNH HI - NC - IN. ........................................................................................ 87
A. Tnh hi .................................................................................................................... 87
B. Tnh nc.................................................................................................................. 88
C. Tnh in................................................................................................................... 91
PHN X:....................................................................................................................... 99
TNH KINH T. ........................................................................................................... 99
A. Tnh cho xy dng.................................................................................................... 99
B. Tnh cho trang thit b nh my.............................................................................. 101
PHN XI:.................................................................................................................... 106
AN TON LAO NG V V SINH CNG NGHIP. ........................................ 106
PHN XII:. ................................................................................................................. 109
KT LUN. ................................................................................................................ 109
TI LIU THAM KHO........................................................................................... 110
n Tt ngip Ngnh Cng Ngh Thc Phm
L Th Thu Hiu - Lp 01H2B
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PHN I:
LI NI U
C ph l mt c sn ca cc nc vng nhit i, l sn phm c bun bn
nhiu trn th gii, i vi nc ta c ph cng chim mt phn quan trng trong
cc mt hng xut khu c gi tr. Hn na, do mt hng c ph , ang v s tng
cng pht trin nhiu l mt c sn qu gi ca vng nhit i. Vic tiu th c
ph trn th gii cng ngy cng tng, nht l Chu u, tp qun ung c ph
gn lin vi phong tc x hi v mc sinh hot vt cht. Mt hng c ph trong
nhng nm qua mang li li ch to ln ng gp mt tm quan trng trong s
nghip xy dng t nc.
Nc ta c iu kin thin nhin tt pht trin loi cy cao cp ny, nhiu
vng t rt thch hp trng c ph nh cc cao nguyn: Gia Lai, Kon Tum,
Daklak, Di Linh.
Do tp qun ung c ph c t lu i nn i vi nhiu ngi c ph tr thnh
thc ung thng nht, iu ny c l do hng v c bit ca c ph v tc dng
ch yu ca n.
C ph l mt loi thc ung kch thch thn kinh, gy hot ng minh mn cho
tr c v thng qua s kch ng h thn kinh, tng cng s hot ng ca cc b
my khc trong c th nh tr tim, xc tin s tun hon ca mu, nng cao sinh
lc chng mt mi cho c th ngi. Trong c ph hot cht ch yu l cafein, hm
lng ca n trong c ph t 1-3%, cafein l mt cht c v vy ung nhiu c ph
s sinh ra to bn, ung qu nhiu lm thn kinh qu kch thch b gy ri lon sau
c th dn ti suy nhc. Tuy nhin, c ph vn l thc ung hp dn i vi
nhiu ngi v nhiu la tui trn th gii bi l mt tch c ph ngon th c y
hng v c bit khin ngi ta thch th mt cch kh t. Vi nhng phng tin
v iu kin trang thit b hin nay ngi ta c th tch c nhiu cht thm c
trong c ph rang. V th, c ph l ung a chung v c nh gi cao.
Trn th gii hin nay c rt nhiu nc trng c ph, trong 4 nc c din
tch trng c ph ln nht l Brazil c khong 3 triu ha sn lng t 1056000 tn,
chim khong 25% sn lng c ph trn th gii (trn th gii 5244000 tn),
Colombia hin c trn 1 triu ha, sn lng hng nm khong 750000 tn,
Innxia v Mxic c din tch trn di 1 triu ha.
Vit Nam trong nhng nm gn y tng nhanh din tch canh tc v sn
lng thu hoch c ph. Din tch nm 1989-1990 t 123000 ha v sn lng t
90000 tn. n nm 1998 t 350000 ha v sn lng t 400000 tn.
Mc d gi c c ph trn th trng gn y c nhiu bin ng nhng thu
nhp cao v nhanh chng nn thu ht nhiu c quan t nhn v h nng dn u
t vo ngnh sn xut c ph. Ngoi ra, p ng nhu cu ca ngi tiu dng
trong nc v xut khu, vng Ty Nguyn rng ln t ai kh hu thch hp cho
vic pht trin c ph. Trong nhng nm gn nht nc ta s c hng vn tn c ph
xut khu hng nm v l mt mt hng m c th gii u a thch.
Cng vi vic pht trin trng c ph th k thut ch bin i hi ngy cng
cao. Khu ch bin c nh hng ln n phm cht c ph v tc ng mnh n
sn xut c ph. Hin nay, chng ta c nhiu c s ch bin c ph nhn sng xut
khu v ch bin c ph bt, c ph ha tan, song qui m cn nh cha tp trung.
Nhng vi k hoch pht trin c ph trong nhng nm ti, cng tc ch bin nht
nh s t c nhng nh cao ca k thut ch bin hin i trn th gii.
Nhng thc t nc ta c rt t nh my ch bin c ph t cht lng cao m
ch yu l cc phn xng sn xut nh ca t nhn vi thit b lc hu, th s,
nng sut thp, cht lng khng cao.
Mt hng xut khu l c ph nhn ca chng ta cn km cht lng, b p gi
lm gim mt phn thu nhp. Hn na, do c ph nhn km cht lng nn cc sn
phm ca nhng qu trnh ch bin tip theo t c ph nhn ca chng ta cht lng
cng khng cao. Cho nn yu cu cn thit l phi xy dng mt nh my sn xut
c ph c tnh quy m ln l cn thit.
PHN II:
LP LUN KINH T K THUT.

2.1.Tnh kh thi.
t nc ta ang trn ng cng nghip ha v hin i ha t nc cng vi
s pht trin vt bc ca nhiu ngnh kinh t, i sng tinh thn v vt cht ca
ngi Vit Nam v th gii ni chung ngy cng nng cao v nhu cu thng thc
cc sn phm c ch bin t c ph tng ln. Bn cnh , sn
v din tch trng c ph khng ngng tng ln, th trng xut khu rng ln. V
vy, cn phi Thit k xy dng mt nh my ch bin c ph nhn c phn xng
ph sn xut c ph rang xaynhm p ng nhu cu trong v ngoi nc.
2.2. a im.
Vic chn a im xy dng phn xng ng vai tr quan trng. V tr ca
nh my phi m bo cho nh my hot ng tt trong thi gian sn xut cng nh
p ng cc yu cu cng ngh trang thit b ca phng php m ta la chn
ch bin.
Nh my c xy dng tho cc iu kin: gn ngun nguyn liu, gn sng h
tn dng ngun nc, gn mng li in quc gia, cc iu kin kh hu: nhit
, m, hng gi thch hp
Daklak l mt Tnh c din tch trng c ph ln nht nc ta li c v tr a l
tng i thun li cho vic xy dng mt nh my v pha ng gip Khnh Ha
pha Bc gip vi Gia Lai, pha Nam gip vi Lm ng, nn rt thun li cho giao
thng i li vi cc Tnh ln cn do rt thun li cho vic vn chuyn nguyn
liu v tiu th sn phm.
Cn c vo nhng iu kin trn, ti quyt nh t nh my sn xut c ph
nhn c phn xng ph sn xut c ph rang xay ti Tnh Daklak. Nh my nm
st quc l 14 cch Thnh Ph Ban M Thut v quc l 13 khong 10 km v pha
ng. nhit v m trung bnh hng nm 23,30C v 82%. Hng gi chnh l
hng ng Bc.
2.3. Ngun nguyn liu.
Daklak l mt Tnh c nhiu huyn trng c ph nh: MaDrak, Krngbng,

Krng N, CJut, Dakmin, ChMnga, Ea Sup, Krng Eana, KrngPach. l
nhng huyn c th cung cp ngun c ph cho nh my. Ngoi ra, ta c th vn
chuyn ngun nguyn liu c ph t cc Tnh khc nh: Lm ng, Gia Lai, Kon
Tum Do vy, vic chn a im t nh ti Tnh aklak s lm gim c chi
ph vn chuyn, m bo cht lng ca nguyn liu trc khi a vo sn xut.
2.4. ng giao thng.
Nh my a im ny rt thun tin cho vic giao thng.
+ ng b: Nh my nm st quc l 14, gn quc l 13, 19 cho nn thun
li cho vic nhp nguyn liu v phn phi sn phm.
+ ng thy: Nh my cch cng Nha Trang khong 150 Km cho nn c
th s dng cng ny phn phi sn phm trong v ngoi nc.
+ ng st: Nh my c th dng t vn chuyn sn phm v ga Nha
Trang, c th ng Container a sn phm i khp mi ni.
2.5. Nng sut.
Nhu cu c ph ca ngi dn ngy cng tng p ng lng c ph tiu th
trong nc v xut khu, cn phi xy dng nh my ch bin c ph c nng sut
cao m bo cht lng ng thi ph hp vi sn lng c ph ca a phng.
Hn na, M -Vit Nam k hip nh thng mi m ra con ng mua bn v trao
i hng ha v ng thi cng l mt th trng ln m ta cn khai thc trao i
cc mt hng trong c ph chim u th. Do , vic xy dng nh my sn xut
c ph nhn bng phng php kh vi nng sut 60 tn c ph qu/ca v phn
xng sn xut ph: c ph rang xay nng sut 1600 kg sn phm/ca l mt yu cu
cn thit phi xy dng.
2.6. Ngun cung cp nng lng.
+ in: Nh my s dng ngun in trn mng li quc gia ng dy 500
KV c h th xung 220/380 V. m bo s hot ng ca nh my c
lin tc, nh my chun b mt my pht in d phng.
+ Nc: Ngun nc ca nh my c bm t ging khoan sau c qua

h thng x l v a vo sn xut.
+ Nhin liu: Nhin liu dng cho nh my bao gm: Du FO dng t l
rang c ph v xng dng cho xe t ca nh my.
2.7. Ngun nhn lc.
Trong qu trnh sn xut, ngun nhn lc c ngha rt quan trng bao gm: lc
lng cng nhn, cn b k thut v k s. i ng lnh o v cn b k thut c
th tip nhn t cc trng i hc hoc Trung hc chuyn nghip ti Min Trung
v Ty Nguyn. Cng nhn c th tuyn chn trc tip t lc lng lao ng trong
Tnh.
2.8. Th trng tiu th.
Mc d nh my ch bin c ph nm Ty Nguyn khng thun li nh cc
vng khc nhng do nm gn nhiu tuyn ng quc l nn vic phn phi sn
phm tng i thun li. Hn na, cht lng cc sn phm c ph Ty Nguyn
cao nn c th trng trong v ngoi nc a thch.
2.9. Hp tc ha, lin hp ha.
Vic hp tc ha gia cc nh my sn xut c ph ti Daklak vi cc nh my
cc Tnh khc s thun li cho vic u t trang thit b, my mc, pht trin nng
cp, ci tin k thut ca nh my ng thi qua s hp tc ny s to iu kin cho
vic s dng chung nhng cng trnh giao thng vn ti, cung cp in, nc
Ngoi ra, lin hp ha cn c tc dng nng cao hiu qu kinh t, nng cao hiu
qu s dng nguyn liu, h gi thnh sn phm.
2.10. X l cht thi.
Nc thi ra trong qu trnh sn xut khng t yu cu thi trc tip ra mi
trng do vy cn c x l, nc thi sinh hot, v sinh nh my c a vo
h thng cng rnh trong nh my n b x l nc trc khi thi ra ngoi mi
trng. Cc cht thi rn nn x l bng cch o h chn trnh gy nhim cho
ngi dn, cn cht thi dng v tru th s dng lm nhin liu.
PHN III:
TNG QUAN V NGUYN LIU

c tnh thc vt ca c ph.
Cc loi c ph u thuc ging coffea, gm gn 70 loi khc nhau, ch c 10 loi
ng ch v gi tr trng trt. Trn th gii hin nay ngi ta thng trng cc
loi sau:
+Ging Arabica.
+Ging Robusta.
+Ging Chari.
Cc ging ny u c thi gian thu hoch khc nhau nn c th b sung thi v
cho vic trng v thu hoch cc ging chnh.
3.1. C ph Arabica: thng gi l c ph ch.
y l loi trng nhiu nht trn th gii. Ngun gc ca ging ny l cao
nguyn Etipia vng nhit i ng Chu Phi.
c tnh:
Cy c ph Arabica cao t 3-5 m, trong iu kin t ai thun li c th cao
n 7 m, c thn hoc nhiu thn, l hnh trng hoc hnh li mc, qu thng
hnh trng c khi hnh cu, khi qu chn c mu ti, mt s ging khi chn c
mu vng ng knh qu 10-15 mm. S lng qu 800-1200 qu/kg, thi gian

nui qu t 6-7 thng. Trong iu kin thi tit kh hu min Bc, c ph Arabica
chn r vo thng 12 v thng 1. Ty Nguyn c ph chn sm hn 2-3 thng so
vi min Bc, khi qu chn nu b ma d nt v rng. Trong 1 qu c 2 nhn, mt
s t qu c 3 nhn. Nhn c v la mu bc bm cng vo nhn. Ngoi v la l v
tru cng, ngoi cng l v tht. T 5-7 kg qu s thu c 1kg nhn c ph sng.
Mu ht xm xanh, xanh lc, xanh nht, ty theo cch ch bin. Lng cafein c
trong nhn khong 1-3% ty theo ging. Nng sut 400-500 kg/1hecta.
T l thnh phm/nguyn liu khong 14-20%.
3.2. C ph Robusta: thng gi l c ph vi.
Ngun gc khu vc sng Cngg min ni vng thp xch o v nhit i Ty
Chu Phi.
c tnh:
Robusta cao t 5-7 m qu hnh trng hoc hnh trn, qu chn c mu thm.
V qu cng v dai hn c ph Arabica. T 5-6 kg qu s thu c 1kg c ph
nhn. Qu chn t thng 2 n thng 4 min Bc, Ty nguyn chn sm hn t
thng 12 n thng 2. c bit loi c ph Robusta khng ra hoa kt qu ti cc mt

c ca cnh. Nhn hnh hi trn, to ngang v la mu nh nu bc. Mu sc ca
nhn xm xanh, xanh bc vng m g .ty thuc chng v phng php ch bin
lng cafein c khong 1,5- 3%.
Nng sut ln hn c ph Arabica, 500-600 kg/1ha. Tuy loi c ph ny hng
thm t nhng kh nng khng su bnh loi ny rt tt.
3.3. C ph Chari: thng gi l c ph mt.
Ngun gc x Ubangui Chari thuc bin h gn sa mc Xahara, loi ny c
a vo Vit Nam 1905.
c tnh:
Chari cy ln cao 6- 15 m l hnh trng hoc li mc, gn l ni nhiu mt
di, qu hnh trng num hi li v to. Qu chn cng 1 lc vi t hoa mi, cho
nn trn cng mt t cnh c th c ng thi qu chn, qu xanh, n hoa, hoa n
v n qu, l iu bt li trong thu hoch. Qu thng chn vo thng 5 n
thng 7.
Hoa ca c 3 loi c ph trn u n c chm, mu trng v hong thm ngt.
Nng sut: thng 500-600 kg/1ha.
Tt 1200-1400 kg/1ha.
T l thnh phm/nguyn liu: 10-15%.
y l mt loi c ph chu c hn, t kn t, t chu su bnh.
3.4. Thnh phn ha hc ca c ph.
3.4.1. Cu to thnh phn ca c ph.
Qu c ph gm c nhng phn sau: lp v qu, lp nht, lp v tru, lp v
la, nhn.
1.V qu
5
4
2.Lp tht v tht.
3.V tru.
4.V la.
5.Nhn.
Lp v qu: l lp v ngoi, mm, ngoi b c mu , v c ph ch mm hn

c ph vi v c ph mt.
Di lp v mng l lp v tht, v tht c ph ch mm cha nhiu cht ngt,
d xay xt hn.
Ht c ph sau khi loi cc cht nhn v phi kh gi l c ph thc. V tru ca
c ph ch mng v d dp v hn c ph vi v c ph mt.
St nhn c ph cn mt v mng, mm gi l v la, chng c mu sc v c
tnh khc nhau ty theo loi c ph. V la c ph ch c mu trng bc rt mng v
d bong ra khi ht trong qu trnh ch bin. V la c ph vi mu nu nht, v la
c ph mt mu vng nht bm st vo nhn c ph.
Trong cng l nhn c ph, lp t bo phn ngoi ca nhn cng c nhng t bo
nh, trong c cha nhng cht du. Pha trong c nhng t bo ln v mm hn.
Mt qu c ph thng c 1, 2 hoc 3 nhn, thng thng th ch 2 nhn.
Bng 1: T l cc thnh phn ca qu.
Thnh phn
Arabica (%)
Robusta (%)
- V qu
43 - 45
41- 42
- V nht
20 - 23
21- 22
- V tru
6 - 7,5
6-8
- Nhn v v la
26 -30
26 - 29
3.4.2.Thnh phn ha hc ca cc phn cu to qu c ph.

3.4.2.1.Thnh phn ha hc ca v qu.
V qu c mu khi chn, l cht antoxian trong c vt ca ancaloit, tanin,
cafein v cc loi enzim. Trong v qu c khong 21,5-30% cht kh.
Bng 3.2: Thnh phn ha hc ca v qu ( tnh theo % trong 1 g):

C ph Arabica (%).
C ph Robusta (%).
9,2 - 11,2
9,17
- Cht bo
1,73
2,00
- Xenlulo
13,16
27,65
- Tro
3,22
3,33
- Hp cht khng c Nit
66,16
57,15
- Cht ng
- Tanin
14,42
- Pectin
4,07
- Cafein
0,58
0,25
Thnh phn ha hc
- Protein
3.4.2.2.Thnh phn ha hc ca lp nht.

Pha di lp v qu l lp nht, n gm nhng t bo mm, khng c cafein,
tanin, c nhiu ng v pectin.
Bng 3.3: Thnh phn ha hc ca v nht:
C ph Arabica (%).
C ph Robusta (%).
- Pectin
33,0
38,7
- ng kh
30,0
46,8
- ng khng kh
20,0
- Xenlulo v tro
17,0
Thnh phn ha hc
pH ca lp nht ty theo chn ca qu thng t: 5,6-5,7 i lc ln ti

6,4 Trong lp nht c bit c men pectinaza phn gii pectin trong qu trnh ln
men.
3.4.2.3. Thnh phn ha hc ca v tru.
Gm c xenlulo l ch yu, trong v tru c mt t cafein, khong 0,4% do t
nhn khuch tn ra lc ln men hoc lc phi kh.
3.4.2.4. Thnh phn ha hc ca nhn.
Bng 3.4. Thnh phn ha hc ca nhn c ph.

Thnh phn ha hc
Tnh bng g/100g
- Nc
8-12
- Cht du
4-18
- m
1,8-2,5
- Protein
9-16
- Cafein
1(Arabica), 2 (Robusta)
- Clorogenic axit
- Trigonelline
- Tanin
- Cafetanic axit
8-9
- Cafeic axit
- Pentozan
- Tinh bt
5-23
- Dextrin
0,85
- Saccaro
5-10
-Xenlulo
10-20
-Hemixenlulo
20
- Lignin
- Tro
Tnh bng mg/100g
2,5-4,5
- Canxi
85-100
- Photphat
130-165
-St
- Natri
3-10
4
- Mangan
1-45
- Rb,Cu, F
Vt
Cu to ca c ph nhn chu nh hng bi chng c ph, chn ca qu, iu

kin canh tc, iu kin ch bin v bo qun nhng thc t cha c nghin cu no
thit lp mi quan h vi thnh phn ha hc ca nhn c ph.
C ph nhn dng thng phm gm c: nc, cht khong, lipit, protit, gluxit.
Ngoi ra, cn c nhng cht m ta thng gp trong thc vt l nhng axit hu c
ch yu l axit clorogenic v cc cht ancaloit. Trn th gii cng nh trong nc ta
c nhiu nghin cu v phn tch thnh phn ha hc ca nhn c ph.
Ngoi ra, trong nhn c ph cn c mt lng ng k Vitamin, cc cht bay hi
v cu t ca mi thm.
Hin nay, ngi ta tm ra c ti hn 70 cht thm hn hp li thnh mi thm
c bit ca c ph. Trong c ph ch yu l Vitamin nhm B nh: B1, B2, B6v
cc loi axit hu c l tin cc loi Vitamin.
Mt s cc yu t nh hng n cht lng c ph.

+ nh hng ca loi t trng c ph:
t trng c ph c nh hng rt ln n mi v v mu sc ca c ph. Nu c

ph trng trn t bazan th cy tt, khe, sn lng cao, phm cht c ph tt cn
c mt hng v m , mi v thm ngon hn cc loi c ph trng trn cc loi
t khc.
+ nh hng ca ch chm sc k thut:
Ch chm sc k thut trong thi gian trng c ph rt quan trng, ngi trng
c ph quyt nh cht lng c ph. Cc bin php chm sc k thut gm c:
- T gc cy c ph.
- nh nhnh to hnh cy.
- Phn bn ng k v ng s lng cn thit.
- S lng v cy bng mt cn thit cho tng loi c ph.
- Phng tr su bnh hi c ph.
Chm sc cy tt s c nh hng rt ln n sn lng c ph.
+ nh hng ca cao:
cao vng t trng cng nh hng n cht lng ca c ph. C ph trng
trn cao th c hng v c bit v xp hng cao hn c ph trng v tr thp.
PHN IV:
CHN V THUYT MINH DY CHUYN CNG NGH

A- Chn phng php ch bin c ph.
Trong k thut ch bin c ph nhn c hai phng php chnh:
+ Phng php ch bin t.
+ Phng php ch bin kh.
- Phng php ch bin t: Phng php ny gm hai cng on chnh:
Cng on xt ti v phi sy: Loi b lp v qu v lp v nht, phi sy
n m nht nh.
Cng on xt v nh bng: loi b lp v tru v lp v la to thnh c
ph nhn bn thnh phm.
- Phng php ch bin kh: Qu trnh ch bin n gin nhng ph thuc vo
thi tit trnh ph thuc ngi ta s dng my sy. Phng php ny thng p
dng cho nhng vng c kh hu nhiu nng, ma t. Cng on chnh ca phng
php l sau khi phi hoc sy c ph n m nht nh ta dng my xt kh
loi b cc lp v bao bc nhn, khng thng qua cng on ch bin thnh c ph
thc.
S d ta chn phng php ch bin kh v y l mt phng php ch bin n
gin d lm, t tn nng lng, v sinh khng thi nhiu cht thi nh hng n cu
c sng ca ngi dn. y l mt phng php mang tnh th cng nhng n rt
ph hp vi a im t nh my l mt ni nng nhiu ma t v ng thi cng
tn dng c ngun nhn lc em li ngun thu kh n nh cho ngi dn vng
.
B- Dy chuyn cng ngh sn xut c ph nhn theo phng php kh.

4.1. Dy chuyn cng ngh:
Nguyn liu (c ph qu)
Thu nhn v bo qun nguyn liu

V tru
Phi sy
V tru, tm v
ht nh
C ph qu kh
Sng phn loi
Tm v ht nh
Tch tp cht
C ph thc
hoc qu kh
Xay xt kh (b v tru)
C ph tm
nh bng (b v la)
Phn loi theo kch thc
Ht >6,3mm
P- loi theo trng lng
P-loi theo mu sc
Phn loi
Ch bin ring
Ht >5,6mm
Ht >5mm
P-loi theo mu sc
P-loi theo mu sc
Phi trn, cn, ng bao
Nhp kho
Bo qun
4.2.Thuyt minh dy chuyn cng ngh.

4.2.1. Nguyn liu.
Nguyn liu l cc loi c ph qu c thu hoch, loi c ph chnh c
trng nc ta l Robusta chim khong 97%, Daklak trng gm 2 loi l
Arabica v Robusta.
4.2.2.Thu nhn v bo qun nguyn liu.
- Thu nhn nguyn liu:
C ph c thu hi bng phng php th cng, ch yu l thu hi bng tay.

Nng sut thu hi ph thuc vo nhiu yu t: u v, gia v, cui v, c ph non,
c ph gimc iu luyn ca ngi hi, phng tin trang b cho vic thu
hoch s nh hng trc tip n nng sut hi.
m bo phm cht tt, ng thi trnh lng ph v ri rng, h hng vic thu
hi cn t cc yu cu sau:
+ m bo ng chn ng u ca tri.
+ Khng lm rng l, n hoa ang hnh thnh khng nh hng n ma thu

hoch nm sau.
+ Cn hi tng tri chn, khng hi tng chm hay sut ln tri cn xanh v tri
xanh cho nhn cho nhn nh, mu en khi phi kh v v ng.
+ Khng thu hi nhng qu cn xanh v lc cht d tr tp trung cha y
, kh ch bin do v la dnh st vo nhn. Ch ch hi nhng qu chn nng
cao cht lng sn phm.
+ Cn phn chia khu vc thu hi ph hp vi ma chn c ph.
+ Khng c lm tn thng n cy, qu c ph trong khi hi.
+ Gi v sinh trong qu trnh thu hi khng c ln cc tp cht nh: t, ct,
cnh, lvo trong nguyn liu.
- Vn chuyn v bo qun nguyn liu.
Sau khi thu hi xong cn nn vn chuyn ngay v ni ch bin khng nn
ng qu lu lm cho c ph bc nng v rt d ln men lm cho v chua. Ta c th
vn chuyn bng mi phng tin nh xe b, xe tTrong khi vn chuyn trnh
lm cho qu c ph b dp nt, trnh b ln tp cht, phn no b ln nn mang i
ch bin trc.
Nguyn liu sau thu hi nn ch bin cng nhanh cng tt, nu cha ch bin
th khng c cht thnh ng m phi c bo qun ni thong mt, c mi
che v tri thnh lp dy khong 30-40 cm trn nn sch, kh, 2-3 gi ta tin hnh
o trn mt ln. Thi gian bo qun cng ngn cng tt thng ko di khng qu
36 gi.
Mc ch ca qu trnh bo qun ny nhm iu phi nguyn liu trong qu
trnh sn xut. Trnh hin tng lng ph nhn lc, thit b ng thi cng m bo
c mu sc v hng v ca thnh phm.
4.2.3. Phi sy.
- Mc ch phi sy: Mc ch ca qu trnh ny l h thy phn ca c ph
xung 10-12% bo qun tt v thc hin cc qu trnh tip theo.
+ Phi c ph: Nu iu kin thi tit cho php th phi c ph vn l k thut

c a chung hn v n n gin v t tn km. Hn na, tia cc tm ca nh
nng mt tri c th ty trng cht dip lc trong ht v lm gim mi ngi v mi
c trong c ph. Cn gim st qu trnh phi nng cn thn v a im phi v thi
tit c nh hng ln n qu trnh ny.
Sn phi nn c lm bng xi mng sch s khng b rn nt v b cch xa khu

vc cha v thi hoc cc cht thi t cc khu ch bin trnh b nhim khun.
Cn trnh phi c ph trn nn t v c ph d b nhim khun c trong t.
C ph c ri ro b t li cao khi phi ngoi tri v l mt trong nhng nguyn
nhn pht trin nm mc. trnh lm c ph t li cn phn ng kp thi v phi
che ph c ph khng cho tip xc vi nc ma. Ngay khi tri kh ro tr li cn
nhanh chng d b bt ph cho thong kh v tip tc phi. Nu c ph b che qu
lu th ht s bt u ra m hi v s nhanh chng nhim nm v cc li th nm

s pht sinh.
Ban m, khi nhit xung quanh xung thp lm hi nc ngng t cn t bt
ln c ph trnh b t li.
Cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh phi:
- Nhit khng kh.
- m khng kh.
- Vn tc khng kh.
- Loi sn phi.
- Chiu dy lp nguyn liu v s ln co o trn sn.
+ Sy c ph bng my : Qun l c hiu qu nhit v m l vn mu
cht khi sy c ph. Sy c ph bng nhit qu ln hoc qu thp s khng cho
kt qu tt. Nhit sy l tng l t 45-550C. Ch cn tng ln 10C th s lm
gim m tng ng ca khng kh xung khong 5%. iu ny cho thy cn
thn trng nh th no trong khu khng ch nhit .
Thi gian sy di hay ngn ph thuc mt s cc yu t sau:
- Nhit khng kh nng v vn tc khng kh nng.
- m khng kh bn ngoi.
- m ban u ca nguyn liu.
Thng thng phi sy s b c ph qu ti trc ri mi c em sy kh
chnh thc.
4.2.4. Tch tp cht.
C ph qu kh sau khi phi sy thng c ln kim loi, cc tp cht nh nh
cnh, l, rm rc v cc v vn c ph cho nn trc khi a vo my xt kh,
nguyn liu phi c lm sch, ty theo ng u ca nguyn liu m cng
on tch cc tp cht ny l d dng hay kh khn, n gin hay phc tp. c bit
ch n cc tp cht kh lm sch loi chng ra, ng thi phi p dng
phng php c hiu qu nht v kinh t nht.
i vi phng php kh ngi ta thng dng sng rung tch cc tp cht.
4.2.5. Xay xt kh.

C ph sau khi phi sy xong bn ngoi c lp v tru chim 25-35% trng
lng ht, thnh phn ch yu l xenlulo khng gp phn to nn cht lng ca
sn phm nn phi loi ra.
C ph thc sau khi xt kh ta c hn hp gm: c ph thc, tru, c ph
nhn, ht vn nt. Ty theo tnh cht v cng dng m cch gii quyt ca mi
thnh phm trong hn hp sau khi xt kh khng ging nhau.
- C ph thc a tr li my xt tch v ln na.
- C ph nhn l sn phm ch yu a i nh bng.
- Tru cha nhiu xenlulo v cht khong c th dng lm nhin liu.
- C ph vn nt c thnh phn tng t nh c ph nhn nn c th dng lm
sn xut c ph bt, c ph ha tan, c ph sa
+Yu cu ca qu trnh xt kh:
- Nhn nguyn vn.
- T l nt phi mc ti thiu.
- T l c ph cn v st li phi thp.
- Mc qut sch v tru phi cao.
4.2.6. nh bng.
Sau khi tch v tru, c ph ht cn c ln mt lp v la mng mu nh bc,
ch yu l xenlulo, v la cn c tch i bng cch nh bng. Qu trnh nh
bng cn gi l qu trnh bc v la. Do lp v la khng gp phn vo vic lm
nn cht lng ca sn phm nn ta tin hnh loi b n, ng thi vic bc v la
lm tng gi tr cm quan ca ht lm cho ht tr nn bng trn v hn ch c s
pht trin ca vi sinh vt.
Yu cu sau khi nh bng:
- Nhit c ph khng qu 550C.
- T l ht nt v <1%.
- T l v la trong c ph nhn: 10% i vi Arabica, 20% i vi Robusta.
Trong ngi ta quy nh 1/2 ht b bc v la coi nh l ht sch.
4.2.7. Phn loi theo kch thc.

C ph sau khi ra khi my nh bng thng gi l c ph x bao gm tt c
cc loi tt, xu, nng, nh, v tru.cho nn ngi ta tin hnh phn c ph x
thnh cc c khc nhau theo kch thc.
Nguyn tc: l da vo s khc nhau v kch thc ca cc cu t c trong hn
hp. Kch thc l sng ty theo loi c ph v yu cu phn loi m chn loi c
kch thc cho ph hp.
Phn loi theo kch thc qua sng ngi ta thu c 3 loi ht c ph c kch
thc khc nhau: Ht >6,3mm chim 70%, ht >5,6mm chim 20%, ht >5mm
chim 10%. Ngoi ra, ngi ta cn phn ra c mt t c ph tm vi s lng
khng ng k.
Ngi ta s dng 2 loi sng chnh phn loi l sng trn v sng lc.
4.2.8. Phn loi theo khi lng ring.
+ Mc ch: sau khi phn loi theo kch thc ta c khi ht ng u theo
kch thc nhng khi ht khng ng nht v khi lng v cn c nhng ht lp,
ht b su bnh
+ Nguyn tc: da vo s khc nhau v trng lng ring ca ht ta s dng sc
gi phn loi chng ra, nhng ht c trng lng ring nh s bay ln.
+ Nhng yu t nh hng n qu trnh phn loi bng sc gi:
- Trng lng ring ca ht c ph c nh hng rt nhiu n hiu sut phn
loi bng sc gi. Nu cng mt sn phm m c trng lng ring khc nhau th
ht c trng lng nh s bay ln trc.
- Trng lng ring ca ht ph thuc vo m ca n, thng th t trng
ca ht c ph trung bnh l t 1,1-1,3.
- Hnh dng v kch thc ca ht c ph ca ht c nh hng trc tip n
cng tc phn loi theo trng lng. V vy, trc khi a sn phm vo phn loi
bng sc gi th yu cu cn thit phi phn loi bng kch thc trc.
4.2.9. Phn loi theo mu sc.
+ Mc ch: Phn loi theo kch thc v trng lng ch loi b c tp cht,
tng ng u ca ht m thi. Khng lm tng gi tr cm quan v mu sc
ng u ca ht v vy cn phn loi theo mu sc lm tng cht lng ca sn
phm.
+ Nguyn tc: Thng phn loi da trn tiu chun nh nc hoc da trn
hp ng bun bn vi cc c quan hu quan hoc gia cc nc vi nhau v cng
tho mn c yu cu ca bn mua v bn sn xut.
4.2.10. Phi trn v ng bao.
- Phi trn cho c ph thnh phm c ng u v ng tiu chun ca
Nh Nc qui nh v theo yu cu xut khu. Thng s dng my phi trn c
gii, c ph sau cc cng on phn loi trn thu c 3loi c kch thc, khi
lng v mu sc khc nhau. u trn thnh 3 loi c ph: loi 1, loi 2v loi 3.
+ Loi 1: 80% ht > 6,3mm, 10% ht >5,6mm v 10% ht >5mm.
- ng gi theo yu cu s dng, c ph c ng gi thnh bao nh tin s
dng
4.2.11. Bo qun c ph nhn.
Cn bo qun c ph nhn tht tt gi cht lng c ph nhn chun b cho
cc cng on ch bin tip theo v bo m c ph khng b h hng do vi sinh vt
xm nhp ph hi trong thi gian vn chuyn.
Yu cu c ph bo qun trong kho:
- m ht 10-12%.
- Xp bao c ph trn nn lt bng vn trnh ht m, cch xa mi tng.
- Chuyn i v tr bao 2-3 tun mt ln.
C- Dy chuyn cng ngh sn xut c ph rang xay.

4.1.Dy chuyn cng ngh.
Nguyn liu
X l, lm sch
Phn loi
Ht ln
Ht ln
Rang
Lm ngui
Phi trn
Nghin
C ph bt
Sng phn loi
Ht to
Ht va
Ht nh
ng gi
Ph phm
Thnh phm
4.2. Thuyt minh dy chuyn cng ngh.

4.2.1. Nguyn liu.
C ph nhn l sn phm chnh ca nh my, mt phn sn phm ny c
dng lm nguyn liu cho qu trnh sn xut c ph rang xay.
4.2.2. X l v lm sch.
C ph nhn c a i sn xut khng qua bo qun th khng cn giai on
ny. Trong qu trnh sn xut c ph nhn c bo qun thi gian th phi x l v
lm sch.
+ Mc ch: trong qu trnh sn xut c ph nhn c bo qun mt thi gian
lu nn c ph nhn d b hp ph mi l c bit l mi mc nn phi x l trc
khi ch bin.
+ Phng php x l: C th x l bng nc hoc bng dung mi hu c.
- X l bng nc: c ph nhn sau khi bo qun (cht lng cn tt) ngm
c ph trong nc 5 pht lc ny nc s ngm vo ht ha tan mi mc, sau vt
ra ro, y l trng hp i vi mc nh.
- X l bng dung mi hu c: x l trong trng hp b mc nng dng
ru c nng 20% th tch. Thng th c ph sau khi x l, lm sch c a
ln bng chuyn nghing c g, c l li c ng knh 3 mm lm ro nguyn
liu trc khi a ln sng tch tp cht v phn loi.
4.2.3. Phn loi.
+ Mc ch: To cho khi ht c kch thc ng u, to iu kin cho qu
trnh rang c thun li.
+ Phng php: thng dng h thng sng tin hnh phn loi, da vo s
khc nhau v kch thc gia cc cu t trong hn hp c ph. Qu trnh phn loi
nguyn liu ta c 2 phn: phn lt sng gm cc phn t ht gy, v , phn khng
lt sng l cc ht nguyn. Khi ht c ph sau phn loi c tch em rang ring.
4.2.4. Rang.
Rang c ph l mt khu quan trng nht trong qu trnh ch bin c ph rang,
n quyt nh n hng v, cht lng, th hiu ca ngi s dng.
+ Nhng bin i ha hc trong qu trnh rang:

- Giai on 1: Khi nhit rang < 500C giai on ny xut hin nhiu khi
trng bc ra ch yu l do hi nc hoc do hi ca dung mi hu c, th tch ht
khng b bin i, cui giai on ny ngi ta thy ngng sinh kh, y chnh l
thi im chuyn t giai on 1 sang giai on 2.
- Giai on 2: khi nhit t0 = 1500C, giai on ny thnh phn cc cht trong
ht bt u bin i, lc ny ta nghe c nhng ting n nh trong khi c ph rang
do c qu trnh tch kh trong ht, cc hp cht thm theo kh ra ngoi, th tch tng
ln, xut hin kh mu xanh thot ra ch yu l acrolein, cc cht gluxit, xenlulo b
caramen ha cho ht mu en m khng bng.
- Giai on 3: khi nhit t0 = 2200C, thi gian giai on ny ko di 10-15
pht, qu trnh sinh kh ngng li hoc yu i, ht chuyn sang mu en bng.
Trong khi rang thy phn hu nh bc hi ht, th tch c th tng ln 25-60%
nhn xp, b mt lng v d v, cht d bay hi bc i, mt phn cafein bc ra theo
mui c ph. Gluxit, xenlulo b caramen ha, protit phn hy, cht bo bin i,
mt s axit bc hi c to thnh c v ng v mi thm, trng lng gim 2328% ty theo mc rang.
Trong qu trnh rang giai on ny tng cht lng sn phm ngi ta cho
du thc vt, b, m g vo cui qu trnh rang cht bo ph ln b mt ht mt
lp mng gi c hng thm ca ht. Sau khi rang xong ht en bng bn trong
c mu cnh gin, mi thm nh.
+ K thut rang: C ph cho vo thit b rang, th tch khi ht < 20% th tch
thit b. Thng rang nhit 140-1800C sau nng nhit 200-2200C thi gian
40 pht/m. trong qu trnh rang mu sc bin i nh sau.
-
Mu nht.
Mu qu.
Nu trung bnh.
Nu hi m.
Nu cnh gin.
Nu m.
en thnh than.
Ty theo s thch ca ngi ung m rang. Nu rang mu nht th t thm, nc

nht, ung s hng mi g, nu rang chy c ph s ng, c mi kht nhng nc
m hn.
+ Nhn xt qu trnh rang: chng khong 1000C mu xanh ca ht c ph
chuyn sang vng, 120-1300C ht c mu nu, 1500C ht bt u c mi chy,
1800C cc kh chy xut hin di hnh thc cc ln khi trng xanh, c CO v CO2
thot ra mu vng chuyn thnh nu, nhit cao hn th hng thm xut hin
nhiu hn, 2700C khi lng ht gim, ht en sm, 3000C ht chy.
4.2.5. Lm ngui.
Sau khi rang cc cht thm nhy cm bi nhit rt d bay hi lm gim phm
cht c rang. Do cn phi tin hnh lm ngui nhanh khc phc v hn ch
nhng im trn.
Khi lm ngui n nhit bnh thng ngi ta tin hnh phun ru c
c m 12% d bo qun, to cc phn ng este dn n c ph rang c mi
thm. V sau khi rang m ca nguyn liu l 0,5-1% rt d ht cc mi v l.
Ngi ta thng s dng bng ti lm ngui c ph rang.
4.2.6. Phi trn.
C ph ch bin n thun khng phi trn s khng p ng c phm cht
ngi ung a thch. Cho nn cn cn phi trn theo ng yu cu mong mun v
v v hng thm
4.2.7. Nghin c ph rang.
C ph c nghin mn s nng cao gi tr s dng v d dng cho vic
chun b pha ch.
C ph sau khi lm ngui v phi trn t yu cu cho vo my nghin. Trong
qu trnh nghin c ph b nng ln do ma st v p lc ca trc nghin, ngn
chn u ny ngi ta c th lm lnh bn trong trc nghin bng nc lnh. Qu
trnh nghin c thc hin trong h thng thit b kn ngn chn s xm nhp
ca oxy trong khng kh.
Sau khi nghin ta thu c 3 loi bt nghin: bt to, bt va, bt nh. Bt to th
c a tr li my nghin, bt nh th lm ph phm, bt va th c em i
ng gi.
Bt sau khi nghin phi t cc yu cu sau:
- Bt mu nu c ln v bc sng ca c ph nhn, bt sau khi nghin lt qua
ray = 1,6mm l 90%, nhng c gi li trn ray = 0,05 mm ti thiu l 70%.
i vi nhu cu tiu dng ca mi nc th tiu chun ny l khc nhau.
- m ca c ph bt l 4-5% .
4.2.7. Phn loi.
C ph sau khi nghin gm cc phn t ht mn v ht ln. V vy, phi cho hn
hp sau khi nghin qua sng phn loi tch cc phn t ht ln em i nghin li,
nhm m bo c ph bt c c kch thc theo yu cu.
Sau khi phn loi c ph c phi ch trc khi bo qun m bo c t
l cc thnh phn v cht lng, mi v, hng thm cng nh gi tr cm quan, t
l gia bt mn v bt th cho php, khu phi ch c b sung cht bo qun ko
di thi gian bo qun, vn chuyn v tiu th.
4.2.8. Bao gi, bo qun c ph bt.
C ph sau khi nghin nu tip xc vi khng kh v nh sng s nhanh chng
b mt mi v v hng thm, nu bo qun khng tt sau 2-3 tun xut hin mi
kht v v chua lm cho c ph gim cht lng.
khc phc tnh trng trn ngi ta phi tin hnh bao gi v bo qun c ph
theo ng ch qui nh, phi t chc thng xuyn lun chuyn d tr tn kho.
Mt khc phi tm cch ng gi bao b gi c cht thm ca n trong mt
thi gian lu, bao b phi c chn lc cn thn c kh nng chng m. Dng bao
b c 2 lp ng gi bn trong l lp chng m, bn ngoi l lp PE.
Thng thng trng lng ca mi gi l: 100g, 200g, 500g
PHN V:
CN BNG NGUYN LIU.

5.1. Tnh hnh sn xut ca nh my:
5.1.1. Bng thu nhp nguyn liu ca nh my:
Daklak vo thng 8 thng ma v nguyn liu t nn cho nh my ngng sn
xut vo thi gian ny sa cha my mc, thit b.
Bng 5.1. Bng thu nhp nguyn liu ca nh my:
Thng
Arabica
Robusta
10
11
12
Chari
5.2.2. Biu sn xut ca nh my:

Da vo bng thu nhp nguyn liu ca nh my v lng nguyn liu nhp
vo. Ta c th lp ra k hoch lm vic trong thng, s ca lm vic trong ngy. Mi
ngy lm vic 2 ca, mt ca lm vic 8 ting, ngy ch nht c ngh.
Thng
10
11
12
- S ngy lm vic
25
20
26
25
26
25
26
26
25
26
25
- S ca lm vic
50
40
52
50
52
50
52
52
50
52
50
- Tng s ngy sn xut trong nm: 275 ngy.

- Tng s ca sn xut trong nm: 550 ca.
- Tng s gi sn xut trong nm: 4400 gi.
- Nng sut ca nh my: 60 tn c ph qu/ca.
- Nng sut ca nh my tnh trong 1gi: 7500 kg/gi.
5.2. Cn bng nguyn liu cho sn xut c ph nhn.
n gin ta tnh ton cho 1000 kg nguyn liu c ph qu/gi cho loi c ph
Robusta.
Bng 5.3. Bng t l hao ht sau ch bin qua cc cng on (%).

STT
Cng on
- C ph qu ti, thu nhn v bo qun
- Phi hoc sy s b
- Sy chnh thc
- Tch tp cht
- Xt c ph thc
32
- nh bng c ph nhn
- Phn loi theo kch thc:

+ Ht >6,3mm.
+ Ht >5,6mm.
+ Ht >5mm.
0,5
0,5
0,5
- Phn loi theo khi lng:

+ Loi 1(ht >6,3mm).
+ Loi 2 (ht >5,6mm).
+ Loi 3 (ht >5mm).
1
1
1
- Phn loi theo mu sc:

+ Loi 1(ht >6,3mm).
+ Loi 2 (ht >5,6mm).
+ Loi 3 (ht >5mm).
1
1
1
10
- Phi trn, cn, ng bao:

+ Loi 1.
+ Loi 2.
+ Loi 3.
0,2
0,2
0,2
11
- Thnh phm:
+ Loi 1.
+ Loi 2.
+ Loi 3.
Hao ht (%)
0,5( khng k m )
1( khng k m )
5.2.1. Thu nhn v bo qun.

- Lng nguyn liu: 1000 (kg/h).
5.2.2. Phi hoc sy s b.
Thng thng phi sy s b trc ri mi sy kh chnh thc sau. Qu trnh
sy s b nhm loi b mt phn nc trn b mt ng thi gim bt m ca c
ph t 52-60% cn 45%, nhm rt ngn thi gian sy giai on sy chnh thc v
cht lng sn phm m bo hn.
- Lng nguyn liu vo: 1000 (kg/h).
- T l hao ht: 0,5%.
+ Lng m tch ra trong qu trnh sy chnh thc c tnh theo cng thc:
G = G 1
w1 w 2
(kg/h)
100 w 2
[VIII-102].
Trong : - G : Lng m tch ra trong qu trnh sy (kg/h) .

- G1: Lng nguyn liu trc khi sy (kg/h).
- w1; w2: m ca nguyn liu trc v sau sy.
w1 = 55%;
G = 1000
w2 = 45%.
55 45
= 181,818 (kg/h).
100 45
+ Lng nguyn liu sau khi sy s b:

G2 = G1 G = 1000 181,818 = 818,182 (kg/h).
+ Lng hao ht tch ra trong qu trnh sy s b l:
G2 = 818,1820,005 = 4,091 (kg/h).
5.2.3. Sy chnh thc:
Sy nhm h thy phn ca c ph xung cn 10-12%, chn 12%.
- Lng nguyn liu vo: 818,182 4,091 = 814,091 (kg/h).
- T l hao ht: 1%.
- m ban u ca c ph qu: 45%.
- m c ph sau sy l: 12%.
+ Lng m tch ra trong qu trnh sy chnh thc l:
G = 814,091
45 12
= 305,284 (kg/h).
100 12
+ Lng nguyn liu sau sy chnh thc l:

G2 = G1 G = 814,091 305,284 = 508,807(kg/h).
+ Lng hao ht tch ra trong qu trnh sy chnh thc:
G2 = 508,807 0,01= 5,088 (kg/h).
5.2.4. Tch tp cht.
- T l hao ht: 2%.
- Lng nguyn liu hao ht : 503,719 0,02= 10,074 (kg/h).
5.2.5. Xay xt c ph:
- T l hao ht: c ph qu kh v tru chim 25-35% trng lng ht ta
chn 32%.
- Lng nguyn liu hao ht: 493,645 0,32 = 157,966 (kg/h).
5.2.6. nh bng c ph.
- T l hao ht: 5%.
- Lng nguyn liu hao ht: 335,679 0,05 = 16,784 (kg/h).
5.2.7. Phn loi theo kch thc:
Gm cc loi ht: ht >6,3mm (70%), ht >5,6mm (20%), ht >5mm (10%).
1. Ht > 6,3mm (70%):
+ Lng ht > 6,3mm phn loi c: 318,895 0,7 = 223,227 (kg/h).
+ Hao ht trong cng on ny l: 0,5%.
+ Lng nguyn liu hao ht: 0,005 223,227 = 1,116 (kg/h).
2. Ht > 5,6mm (20%):
+ Lng ht > 5,6mm phn loi c: 318,895 0,2 = 63,779 (kg/h).
3. Ht > 5mm (10%):
+ Lng ht > 5mm phn loi c: 318,895 0,1 = 31,890 (kg/h).

5.2.8. Phn loi theo trng lng ring:
1. Loi 1 (ht > 6,3mm):
+ Lng nguyn liu vo: 223,227 1,116 = 222,111 (kg/h).
+ T l hao ht: 1%.
2. Loi 2 (ht > 5,6mm):
+ T l hao ht: 1%.
3. Loi 3 (ht > 5mm):
+ T l hao ht: 1%.
5.2.9. Phn loi theo mu sc:
1. Loi 1 (ht > 6,3mm):
+ T l hao ht: 1%.
2. Loi 2 (ht > 5,6mm):
+ T l hao ht: 1%.
3. Loi 3 (ht > 5mm):
+ T l hao ht: 1%.
5.2.10. Phi trn, cn, ng bao:
- Ht loi 1 (ht > 6,3mm): 219,890 2,199 = 217,691 (kg/h).
- Ht loi 2 (ht > 5,6mm): 62,825 0,628 = 62,197 (kg/h).

- Ht loi 3 (ht > 5mm):
31,414 0,314 = 31,100 (kg/h).
Ngi ta phi trn nh sau:

1. Loi 1 (80% ht loi 1+ 10% ht loi 2 + 10% ht loi 3 ):
+ Lng nguyn liu vo:
217,691 0,8 + 62,197 0,1 + 31,100 0,1 = 183,483 (kg/h).
+ T l hao ht: 0,2%.
2. Loi 2 (10% ht loi 1+70% ht loi 2 +20% ht loi 3):
+ Lng nguyn liu vo:
217,691 0,1 + 62,197 0,7 + 31,100 0,2 = 71,527 (kg/h).
+ T l hao ht: 0,2%.
3. Loi 3 (10% ht loi 1+20% ht loi 2 +70% ht loi 3):
+ Lng nguyn liu vo:
217,691 0,1 + 62,197 0,2 + 31,100 0,7 = 55,979 (kg/h).
+ T l hao ht: 0,2%.
5.2.11. C ph nhn thnh phm:
+ Loi1: 183,483 0,367 = 183,116 (kg/h).
+ Loi 2: 71,527 0,143 = 71,384 (kg/h).
+ Loi 3: 55,979 0,112 = 55,867 (kg/h).
Vy tng ng vi 1000 kg nguyn liu c qu/gi (kg/h) s sn xut c:
183,116 + 71,384 + 55,867 = 310,367 (kg/h) c ph nhn.
- T l gia nguyn liu v thnh phm l:
A=
1000
= 3,222.
310,367
Bng 5.4: T l hao ht v lng nguyn liu vo qua cc cng on ch bin
ST
T
Cng on
- C ph qu ti
- Sy s b
Hao
ht
(%)
Lng
nguyn
liu vo
tnh cho
1000
(kg/h).
Lng
nguyn liu
tnh theo
nng sut
nh my
( kg/h).
Lng
hao ht
tnh theo
1000
( kg/h).
Lng
hao ht
tnh theo
nng sut
nh my
(kg/h).
1000
7500
0,5
1000
7500
4,091
30,683
- Sy chnh thc
814,091
6105,683
5,088
38,160
- Tch tp cht
503,719
3777,893
10,074
75,555
- Xt c ph thc
32
493,645
3702,338
157,966
1184,745
- nh bng c ph nhn
335,679
2517,593
16,784
125,880
- Phn loi theo kch thc:

+ Ht >6,3mm.
+ Ht >5,6mm.
+ Ht >5mm
0,5
0,5
0,5
318,895
223,227
63,779
31,890
2391,713
1674,203
478,343
239,175
1,116
0,319
0,159
8,370
2,393
1,193
1
1
1
222,111
63,460
31,731
1665,833
475,950
237,983
2,221
0,635
0,317
16,658
4,763
2,378
1
1
1
219,890
62,825
31,414
1649,175
471,188
235,605
2,199
0,628
0,314
16,493
4,710
2,355
0,2
0,2
0,2
183,483
71,527
55,979
1376,123
536,453
419,843
0,367
0,143
0,112
2,753
1,073
0,840
183,116
71,384
55,867
1373,370
535,380
419,003
- Phn loi theo Trng lng:

+ Loi 1 (ht >6,3mm).
+ Loi 2 (ht >5,6mm).
+ Loi 3 (ht >5mm).
- Phn loi theo mu sc:

+ Loi 1 (ht >6,3mm).
+ Loi 2 (ht >5,6mm).
+ Loi 3 (ht >5mm)..
- Phi trn, cn, ng bao:
10
+ Loi 1.
+ Loi 2.
+ Loi 3.
- Thnh phm:
11
+ Loi 1.
+ Loi 2.
+ Loi 3.
5.3. Cn bng nguyn liu cho c ph rang xay:

Phn xng sn xut ph c ph rang xay l 1600(kg sn phm/ca). Vy nng
sut trung bnh l 1600 8 = 200 ( kg/h).
Bng 5.5. T l hao ht qua cc cng on.
STT
- Cng on
- Hao ht (%)
- Nguyn liu c ph nhn
- X l, phn loi, lm sch nguyn liu
1,5
- Rang c ph nhn
24
- Lm ngui
- Phi trn
0,5
- Xay c ph
0,5
- Phn loi bng sng
- ng gi
- Thnh phm
Tng 3 ( k c m)
1,5 ( c ph phm)
0,2
5.3.1. Nguyn liu.

Ta s dng sn phm chnh ca nh my l c ph nhn (ca 3 loi) lm nguyn
liu sn xut c ph rang xay phn xng sn xut ph.
n gin cho vic tnh ton ta tnh cho 100 kg nguyn liu/gi.
5.3.2. X l, phn loi, lm sch nguyn liu:
+ Lng nguyn liu vo: 100 (kg/h).
+ T l hao ht: 1,5%.
+ Lng nguyn liu hao ht: 100 0,15 = 1,5 (kg/h).
5.3.3. Rang c ph nhn:
+ Lng nguyn liu vo: 100 1,5 = 98,500 (kg/h).
+ T l hao ht: 24 %.

5.3.4. Lm ngui c ph rang:
+ Do khi lng ht c phun dch ng c nng 2% lm ngui
nn nguyn liu tng khi lng ln 3%.
+ Lng nguyn liu tng: 74,860 0,03 = 2,246 (kg/h).
5.3.5. Phi trn:
+ Lng nguyn liu vo: 74,860 + 2,246 = 77,106 (kg/h).
+ T l hao ht: 0,5%.
5.3.6. Xay c ph:
+ T l hao ht: 0,5%.
5.3.7. C ph bt:
+ Lng c ph bt thu c: 76,720 0,384 = 76,336 (kg/h).
5.3.8. Sng phn loi:
+ Lng nguyn liu vo: 76,336 (kg/h).
+ T l hao ht: 1,5%.
5.3.9. ng gi:
+ T l hao ht: 0,2%.
5.3.10. Thnh phm:
+ Lng thnh phm thu c: 75,191 0,150 = 75,041(kg/h).
+ T l gia nguyn liu v thnh phm l: A =
100
= 1,333 .
75,041
+ Vy c 1,333 (kg) nguyn liu th s cho 1 (kg) c ph bt thnh phm.

- T h s t l tnh c ta tnh ngc li cn bng nguyn liu cho phn
xng sn xut ph c ph rang xay 1600 kg sn phm/ca.
Ta lp bng sau:
Bng 5.6 :T l hao ht v lng nguyn liu vo qua cc cng on ch bin.
- Cng on
STT
- Hao
Lng
Lng
Lng
Lng
nguyn
nguyn
hao ht
hao ht
liu vo liu vo
tnh
tnh
tnh cho tnh theo
theo
theo
nng sut
100
nng
nh my
(kg/h).
sut nh
ht (%) 100
(kg/h).
(kg/h).
my
(kg/h).
- Nguyn liu c ph nhn
- X l, phn loi, lm sch
- Rang c ph nhn
- Lm ngui
100
266,521
1,5
100
266,521
1,500
3,998
24
98,500
262,522
23,640
63,005
tng 3%
74,860
199,517
2,246
5,986
- Phi trn
0,5
77,106
205,503
0,386
1,029
- Xay c ph
0,5
76,720
204,474
0,384
1,023
- Phn loi bng sng
1,5
76,336
203,451
1,145
3,052
- ng gi
0,2
75,191
200,399
0,150
0,400
- Thnh phm
75,041
200
PHN VI:
CN BNG NHIT LNG.

6.1. Cn bng nhit lng cho qu trnh sn xut c ph nhn.
C s ca qu trnh cn bng nhit.
Ch sy c nh hng rt ln n cht lng sn phm. Chng hn, ch tiu
sinh hc, ho l, cu trc c hc, thnh phn ho hc .Phi m bo trong qu
trnh sy. Do cn phi c mt ch sy thch hp m bo ht t b rn nt,
ng thi gi c cc tnh cht v hng v, mu sc v cc phn c trong ht. Ta
s dng sy thp, tc nhn sy l khng kh nng.
Cc thng s ban u.
+ Nhit khng kh sy: t1 = 750C.
+ Nhit nguyn liu vo: to = 23,30C.
+ Nhit nguyn liu ra: t2 chn theo nhit im sng.
+ Nhit mi trng khng kh trc khi qua calorife: to= 23,30C.
+ m ca nguyn liu trc khi sy: 45%.
+ m ca nguyn liu sau khi sy: 12%.
+ 0: l m ban u ca khng kh trc khi vo calorife : 0 = 82%.
+ p sut kh quyn: P = 757 (mmHg).
6.1.1.Xc nh cc thng s ca khng kh.
1. Cc thng s trng thi ca khng kh:
Trng thi ca khng kh trc khi vo calorife vi iu kin kh hu
Daklak.
to = 23,30C; 0 = 82% .
[V-100].
+ p sut hi bo ho ca khng kh Pbh = 21,49 (mmHg).

+ Hm m ca khng kh c xc nh theo cng thc:
x 0 = 0,622
0 Pbh
(kg/kgkkk) [V- 56].
P 0 Pbh
x 0 = 0,622
0,82 21,49
= 0,0148 (kg/kgkkk).
757 0,82 21,49
+ Hm nhit ca khng kh m trc khi qua calorife:

Io = to + (2493 + 1,97 to) xo
[V-156].
Io = 23,3 + (2493 + 1,97 23,3) 0,0148 = 60,876 (kJ/ kg kkk).

2. Cc thng s ca khng kh khi qua calorife trc khi vo my sy:
Hm m ca khng kh sau khi qua calorife khng thay i do khi qua

calorife, khng kh ch thay i nhit nhng khng thay i hm m [V-166 ].
.
x1 = xo = 0,0418 (kg/kgkkk).
+ Chn nhit ca khng kh sau khi ra khi calorife l: 750C
Pbh1 = 0,393 (at) = 297,501 (mmHg) [IV-312].
+ m tng i ca khng kh sau khi qua calorife:
1 =
1 =
x1 P
( 0 , 622 + x 1 ) P bh 1
(%).
0,0148 757
= 0,059 = 5,9% .
(0,622 + 0,0148) 297,501
+ Hm nhit ca khng kh sau khi qua calorife:

I1 = t1 + (2493 + 1,97 t1) x1 (kJ/kgkkk).
I1 = 75 + (2493 + 1,97 75) 0,0148 = 114,083 (kJ/kgkkk).
3. Xc nh nhit im sng:
+ Mc ch:
Khi tnh ton v sy cn phi bit nhit im sng ts v l gii hn lm
ngui khng kh m. Bit c ts khi chn nhit cui ca ca qu trnh sy ta
khng ly gn im ts trnh hin tng ngng t hi nc trn b mt vt liu.
+ Phng php xc nh nhit im sng:
Khng kh m c trng thi ban u l im A(xo; t ), t im A theo ng x
= const h xung ng = 1 ti im B, nhit ts s qua giao im B [V-160].
Ta c im A(0,0148 ; 23,3), xc nh c nhit ts th hnh [16.3].
[VI-160]. Ta c ts = 210C.
4. Thng s ca khng kh sau sy:
+ Da vo ts = 210C ta chn nhit khng kh sau sy l: t2 = 330C
Tra bng [IV-317] ta c Pbh2 = 37,7 mmHg.
+ Hm nhit ca khng kh ra khi thit b (sy l thuyt):
I2 = I1 = 114,083 (kJ/kgkkk).
+ Hm m ca khng kh sau khi ra khi thit b sy:
Ta c :
I2 = t2 + (2493+1,97 t2) x2
x2 =
Suy ra:
I2 t 2
114,083 33
=
= 0,0317 (kg/kgkkk).
2493+ 1,97 t 2 2493+ 1,97 33
+ m tng i ca khng kh sau khi ra khi thit b sy:

x 2 = 0,622
=
2 P
P 2 Pbh 2
2 =
0,0317 757
= 0,974
(0,622 + 0,0317) 37,7
x2 P
( 0 , 622 + x 2 ) P bh 2
2 = 97,4%.
5. Lng khng kh kh tiu hao ring bc hi 1 kg m:

l=
1
(kg/kg m). [V-170].
x 2 x1
l=
1
= 59,172 (kg/kg m).
0,0317 0,0148
6. Tng lng khng kh kh cn thit cho qu trnh sy:

L = lU (kgkkk/h).
Trong : - U : l lng m bay hi trong qu trnh sy (kg/h).
U = G = G 1
W1 W2
(kg/h).
100 W2
- G1: Lng nguyn liu trc khi vo my sy tnh theo nng sut nh
my:
G1 = 6105,683 (kg/h).
- w1: m ban u ca c ph l; 45%.
- w2: m ca c ph sau sy l; 12%.
U = G = 6105,683
45 12
= 2289,631(kg/h).
100 12
L = 59,172 2289,631= 135482,046 (kgkkk/h).

6.1.2. Cn bng nhit cho qu trnh sy.
1. Lng nhit cn thit lm bay hi 1kg m:
q=
I1 I o
( kJ/kg m)
x2 xo
[V-170].
Trong : - Io, I1: l hm nhit ca khng kh trc v sau khi qua calorife.
- xo, x2: l hm m ca khng kh trc v sau khi sy.
q=
114,083 60,876
= 3148,343 (kJ/kg m).
0,0317 0,0148
2. Tng nhit lng cn thit cho qu trnh bc m:
Q1 = q U = 3148,343 2289,631 = 7208543,731 (kJ/h).
3. Lng nhit cn cung cp un nng sn phm:

Q2 = G1C1(ttb - t0) (kJ/h)
[VI-43].
Trong : - G1: lng nguyn liu ban u a vo sy (kg/h).

G1 = 6105,683 (kg/h).
- C1: nhit dung ring ca sn phm sy (kJ/kg.0C).
C1 =
C ck (100 u 1 ) + C n u 1
(kJ/kg.0C).
100
[IV-152].
Trong : - Cn: nhit dung ring ca nc, Cn= 4,18 (kJ/kg.0C).

- Cck: nhit dung ring cht kh ca c ph.
Cck= 0,37 ( kcal/ kg.0C) = 1,547 (kJ/kg.0C).
- C1 =
1,547 (100 45) + 4,18 45

0
= 2,732 (kJ/kg. C).
100
- ttb: nhit un nng cho php nguyn liu sy:

t tb =
t 1 + t 2 33 + 75
0
=
= 54 C.
2
2
- to: nhit ban u ca nguyn liu sy; to = 23,30C.

Q2 = 6105,683 2,732(54 - 23,3) = 512098,287( kJ/h).
4. Nhit lng tn tht trong qu trnh sy:
Nu thit b sy khng c bo n bn ngoi th c th ly nhit lng tn
tht bng 8-12% lng nhit dng sy l thuyt (Q1).
Qtt = 0,08 Q1 = 0,08 7208543,731 = 576683,499 ( kJ/h).
5. Nhit lng ca calorife cn cung cp:
Qcal = Q1 + Q2 + Qtt = 7208543,731 + 512098,287 + 576683,499
= 8297325,517 ( kJ/h).
6.1.3. Cn bng nhit lng vo v ra khi thit b sy.
1. Nhit lng i vo my sy:
+ Nhit lng do khng kh mang vo:
Q1v = LIo (kJ/h).
Q1v = 135482,046 60,876 = 8247605,032 ( kJ/h).
+ Nhit lng do nguyn liu sy mang vo:
Q2v = G2Cv1t1 + U1Cnt1 (kJ/h). [V - 166].
Trong : - t1: nhit ca nguyn liu trc khi vo my sy; t1 = 23,30C.
- Cvl: nhit dung ring ca c ph Cvl= C1 = 2,732 (kJ/kg.0C).

- U1: lng m bc hi trong qu trnh sy
U1 = U = 2289,631(kJ/h).
Cn = 4,18 (kJ/kg.0C).
G2 = 3777,893 (kg/h).
Q2v = 3777,8932,73223,3 + 2289,63123,34,18.
= 463480,367 (kJ/h).
+ Nhit lng do calorife cung cp:
Q3v = Qcal = 8297325,517 ( kJ/h).
+ Tng nhit lng mang vo:
Qv= Q1v + Q2v + Q3v = 8247605,032 + 463480,367 + 8297325,517
= 17008410,920 ( kJ/h).
2. Nhit lng ra khi my sy:
+ Nhit lng do khng kh mang ra:
Q1r = LI2 (kJ/h)
[V - 167].
= 135482,046114,083 = 15456198,250 (kJ/h).

+ Nhit lng do nguyn liu sy mang ra:
Q2r = G2 Cvlt2 (kJ/h)
[V - 167].
= 3777,8932,73233 = 340599,721 (kJ/h).

+ Nhit lng tn tht:
Q3r = Q tt = 576683,499 ( kJ/h).
+ Tng nhit lng ra:
Qr = Q1r + Q2r + Q3r = 15456198,250 + 340599,721 + 576683,499
= 16373441,470 ( kJ/h).
3. Sai s:
Q =
Qv Qr
17008410,920 16373441,470
=
= 0,0373 = 3,73%
Qv
17008410,920
V Q = 3,73% < 5% nm trong sai s cho php nn chp nhn kt qu trn

[VI-49].
6.2. Cn bng nhit cho c ph rang xay.

Ta s dng nhin liu t l du FO. Thnh phn c trong du FO nh sau: [X-83].
Thnh phn
A(m)
Tro
n v (%)
85,2
11,5
0,5
0,5
0,1
6.2.1.Tnh nhit tr ca nhin liu.

1. Tnh nhit tr cao ca nhin liu:
Qc= 33858C + 125400H - 10868(O - S) (kJ/kg) [VII - 29].
Qc= 3385885,2% + 12540011,5% - 10868(0,5% - 0,5%).
Qc = 43268,016 (kJ/kg).
2. Tnh nhit tr thp ca nhin liu:
Trong nhin liu lng ngoi thnh phn ca nc A cha trong nhin liu cn
c nc do phn ng chy sinh ra. T phn ng chy hydro d dng thy rng c
1kg H2 chy ht cho ta 9 kg nc. Do , nu ly nhit n ca nc p sut kh
tri r = 2500 (kJ/kg) th nhit tr thp ca nhin liu:
Qt= Qc- 2500 (9H + A) (kJ/kg) [VII-30].
Qt = 43268,016 - 2500 (911,5% + 2%).
Qt = 40630,516 ( kJ/kg).
6.2.2. Lng khng kh kh l thuyt t chy 1kg nhin liu:
Lo=11,5C + 34,5H + 4,3(S-O) (kgkkk/kgnl) [XII - 28].
Lo= 11,5 85,2% + 34,5 11,5% + 4,3 (0,5%-0,5%)
Lo= 13,766 (kgkkk/kgnl).
6.2.3. Lng khng kh thc t t chy 1 kg nhin liu:
L = L0 (kg/kgnl) [VII -28].
Trong :l h s khng kh tha, c xc nh nh sau:
=
Q c b + C nl t nl - (9H + A ) I a - [1 - (9H + A + Tro )] C k t k

L 0 [x 0 (I a - I 0 ) + C k (t k - t 0 )]
[VII-29].
Trong : - Qc = 43268,016 (kJ/kg).

- A, Tro- thnh phn nc v tro trong nhin liu.
- b : Hiu sut ban u = 0,750,9; Chn b = 0,85 [VII-29].
- tnl: Nhit nhin liu; tnl = 23,30C.
- Lo= 13,766 (kgkkk/kgnl).
- x0 : hm m ca khng kh ng vi nhit t0 = 23,30C.
x0 = 0,0148 (kg/kgkkk).
- I0: Hm nhit ca khng kh ngoi tri; I0 = 60,876 (kJ/kgkkk).
- Cnl: Nhit dung ring ca nhin liu.
- Ck, tk: Nhit dung ring v nhit ca khi l.
- Ia: Nhit dung ring ca hi nc nhit khi l.
1. Nhit dung ring ca nhin liu:
9
1625 + 1,886 ( t nl + 32)
5
(J/kg.0C)
C nl =
t 0,5
(d t )
[IV-153].
- tnl = 23,30C.
- d tt : Khi lng ring tng i ca nhin liu 15,60C (so vi nc
cng nhit ); d tt = 0,925 [IV-329].
9
1625 + 1,886 ( 23,3 + 32)
5
= 1834,589 (J/kg.0C)
C nl =
0,925 0,5
Cnl = 1,835 (kJ/kg.0C).

2. Tnh nhit lng ring ca hi nc nhit khi l:
Ia = 2500 +1,842 tk (kJ/kg) [VII-52].
tk: nhit ca khi l; chn tk= 2400C.
Ia= 2500 +1,842 240 = 2942,080 (kJ/kg)
3. Nhit dung ring ca khi l: Ck (kJ/kg.0C).
Tra bng 1.179 (IV-204) ta c :
Ck=1,034(kJ/kg.0C).T y ta xc nh h s khng kh tha:
43268,016.0,85 + 1,835.23,3 - (9.11,5% + 2% ).2942,08 - [1 - (9.11,5% + 2% + 0,1% )]1,034.240

13,766[0,0148(2942,08 - 60,876) + 1,034(240 - 23,3)]
= 9,187.
+ Lng khng kh kh thc t t chy 1 kg nhin liu:

L = L0 = 9,187 13,766 = 126,468 (kgkkk/kgnl).
6.2.4.Thnh phn cc kh c trong khi:
Thnh phn ca cc kh c trong khi l kh i vi nhin liu du FO:
CO2, N2, SO2, O2 v H2O.
Khi t chy 1 kg nhin liu, khi lng ca tng phn :
+ G CO = 3,67C = 3,67 85,2% = 3,127 (kg/kg).
2
+ G N = 0,77 L 0 = 0,77 9,187 13,766 = 97,381 (kg/kg).

2
+ G O = 0,23 ( - 1) L 0 = 0,23 (9,187 - 1) 13,766 = 25,922 (kg/kg).

2
+ G SO = 2S = 2 0,5% = 0,01 (kg/kg).

2
+ G H O = 9H + A = 9 11,5% + 2% = 1,055 (kg/kg).

2
6.2.5. Cn bng nhit lng cho thit b rang:

1. Nhit lng vo.
Gi B (kg/m) l lng nhin liu du FO cn thit rang mt m nguyn liu.
a. Nhit lng do nhin liu mang vo:
qnl = Cnl tnl B (kJ/m) [IX-268].
qnl = 1,835 23,3B = 42,756B (kJ/m).
b. Nhit lng do nguyn liu mang vo:
Ta chn lng nguyn liu mang vo rang l G1v = 70 (kg/m).
q1v = G1vC11 (kJ/m).
Trong : - G1v = 70 (kg/m).
- C1: Nhit dung ring ca c ph t0 = 23,30C; (kJ/kg.0C).
- 1 = t0 = 23,30C: nhit ban u ca nguyn liu.
Ta c:
C1 = [0,121+(1- 0,12)0,37]4,18 = 1,863 (kJ/kg.0C).

theo cng thc C = C1 x1 + C2 x2
[IV-152].
x1= w1 = 12%: m ban u ca nguyn liu.

T ta c: q1v = 70 1,863 23,3 = 3038,553 (kJ/m)..
c. Nhit lng do khng kh mang vo:
qkk = L0 I0 B (kJ/m). [IX-268].
qkk = 9,187 13,766 60,876 B = 7698,888B (kJ/m).
d. Nhit lng to ra khi t chy nhin liu:
qt = B Qt (kJ/m)
[IX-268].
Trong : - Qt l nhit tr thp ca nhin liu.

Qt = 40630,516 (kJ/kgnl).
qt = 40630,516B (kJ/m).
e. Tng nhit lng vo:
Qv = q1v + qnl + qkk + qt .
Qv = 3038,553 + 42,756 B + 7698,888 B + 40630,516 B (kJ/m).
2. Nhit lng ra.

a. Nhit lng do sn phm mang ra:
qsp = GspCsptsp (kJ/m).
Trong : - Gsp = G1v - w: lng nguyn liu sau khi sy (kg/m).
- w : lng m tch ra trong qu trnh rang.
w = G 1
W1 W2
100 W2
[VIII-33].
Trong : - W1: m ban u ca nguyn liu; W1 = 12%.

- W2: m ca nguyn liu sau khi rang; W2 = 1%.
w = 70
12 1
= 7,778 (kg/m).
100 1
Gsp = 70 - 7,778 = 62,222 (kg/m).

- Csp: nhit dung ring ca sn phm:
Csp =[ 0,011 + (1 - 0,1)0,37 ] 4,18 = 1,434 (kJ/kg.0C)
- tsp: nhit sn phm ra; tsp = 2200C.
qsp= 62,222 1,434 220 = 19629,797 (kJ/m).
b. Nhit do m mang ra:
qar= wIh (kJ/m) [V-167].
Trong : - w = 7,778 (kg/m).
- Ih: nhit lng ring ca hi nc t = 2200C.
Theo bng 1.250 [IV-313], ta c: Ih = 2803 (kJ/kg).
Do : qar = 7,778 2803 = 21801,734 (kJ/m).
c. Nhit do khi l mang ra:
q kl = (G H 2O C H 2O + G CO 2 C CO 2 + G SO 2 C SO 2 + G O 2 C O 2 + G N 2 C N 2 ) B (kJ/m).
Trong : G H O , G CO .....; C H O , C H O ... l khi lng v nhit dung ring ca cc cht

2
tng ng.
Tra bng [1.143;IX-158161] ta c :
- C H O = 1,001 4,18 = 4,184 (kJ/kg.0C).
2
- C CO = 0,202 4,18 = 0,844 (kJ/kg.0C).

2
- C SO = 0,15 4,18 = 0,627 (kJ/kg.0C).

2
- C O = 0 , 217 4 ,18 = 0 ,907 (kJ/kg.0C).

2
- C N = 0,248 4,18 = 1,037 (kJ/kg.0C).

2
qkl=(1,055 4,184+3,127 0,844+0,010,627+26,072 0,907+97,976

1,037) B.
qkl = 132,308B (kJ/m).
d. Nhit lng tn tht do phn ng chy khng hon ton.

Ta c : qtt1 = (0,0050,115)QtB
[IX-269].
Chn qtt1 = 0,09 Qt B = 0,09 40630,516 B = 3656,746 B (kJ/m).

e. Nhit tn tht ra mi trng:.
+Chn qtt2 = 0,08 qsp.
qtt2 = 0,08 19629,797 = 1570,384 (kJ/m).
+ Vy tng nhit lng ra :
Qr = qsp + qar + qkl + qtt1 + qtt2 (kJ/m).
Qr = 19629,797 + 21801,734 +132,308 B + 3656,746 B + 1570,384.
+ Theo nh lut bo ton nng lng th: Qv = Qr (kJ/m).
3038,553 + 42,756 B + 7698,888 B + 40630,516 B =

19629,797 + 21801,734 + 132,308 B +3656,746 B +1570,384.
B = 0,896 (kg/m).
Khi lng du FO cn dng trong 1 gi :
0,896 262,521
= 3,360 (kg/h).
70
Khi lng du FO cn dng cho 1 ca l: 3,360 8 = 26,880 (kg/ca).
PHN VII:
TNH V CHN THIT B.

A- Tnh v chn thit b cho dy chuyn sn xut c ph nhn.
7.1. Thit b sy.
7.1.1.Thit b sy thp:
Gii thiu chung:
H thng sy thp (HTS) dng sy cc vt liu dng ht nh ng cc, la m,
ng, c ph, thc.H thng sy thp c nng sut ln nn rt ph hp dng
sy c ph trong nh my.
+ Chn 2 my sy thp.
+ Lng nguyn liu cn thit vo mi my sy:
Q=
6105,683
= 3052,842 (kg/h).
2
+ Chn h thng sy thp HT-02 [XIV], l h thng sy c ly hi nng

sch bng qut ht nhit thng qua h thng trao i nhit ca l t. Dng nhit
xuyn qua lp ht lm gim m ca ht trong qu trnh sy ( m ban u w1 =
45% n m cn t ti w2 = 12%).
+ Ngoi chc nng sy, thp sy HT cn c kh nng lm ngui s b ht
c sy.
Cu to:
01. L t: dng cp nhit cho my sy.
- Nhin liu dng t l du FO.
- C dn trao i nhit calorife.
- ng dng nguyn l i lu to nhit cho bung t.
L t to nhit cung cp kh nng cho thp sy, nhit c truyn i qua dn
trao i nhit sau c qut ht nhit a vo khoang sy.
02. Thp sy:
- Khoang cha: l khoang cha ht trn khoang sy cung cp nguyn
liu cho khoang sy.
- Khoang sy: l khoang cha ht cn sy, c cc vch l sch hng
nhit t so le, ht cn sy s to thnh nhng lp mng chy theo vch.
03. C cu chuyn ht: iu khin tc dng ht chy u trong khoang

sy.
04. Qut ht l loi ht li tm cao p.
05. Gu ti:
c t su di nn bn hng thp sy, trn u gu c gn mt van 2ng
di y gu c thit k 2 ca np 2 bn. Nhim v chnh l dng np v
chuyn c sau khi sy hoc o c trong qu trnh sy.
06. Vt ti.
2 vt ti c t di c cu chuyn ht ca my sy thp c nhim v vn
chuyn ht sau khi sy qua gu ti.
c tnh k thut:
-
Nng sut my: 4000 (kg/h).
Cng sut lp t (HP).

Gu ti GT-150: 01.
B truyn c kh: 01.

Qut ht nhit: 03.
Qut nhm l: 0,25.
- Cng sut ng c: 8,74 (Kw).
- Kch thc my: Di Rng Cao = 2000mm 3000mm 6000mm.
7.1.2. Tnh v chn Calorife:
Calorife l mt b phn quan trng trong h thng sy, n cung cp nhit cho
tc nhn sy, ta chn tc nhn sy l khng kh nng.
Trong calorife hi nc bo ho i trong ng cung cp nhit gin tip cho
khng kh i bn ngoi ng.
1. Chn kch thc ng truyn nhit:
+ ng truyn nhit lm bng ng, ng c gn.
+ ng knh ngoi: dn = 0,038 (m).
+ ng knh trong: dt = 0,035 (m).
dn dt
= 0,0015 (m).
2
+ Chiu dy ng:
+ Chiu di ng:
H = 2,0 (m).
+ ng knh ngoi ca gn: D = 1,4 dn = 1,4 0,038 = 0,053 (m).

+ Bc gn:
tg = 0,01(m).
+ Chiu cao gn: h =
D d n 0,053 0,038
=
= 0,0075 (m)
2
2
+ S gn trn 1 ng: m =
H
2,0
=
= 200 (gn).
tg 0,01
+ B dy gn: bg = 0,002 (m).

+ Bc ng: to = 0,056 (m).
+ Tng chiu di ca gn trn 1 ng:
Lg= m bg = 200 0,002 = 0,4(m).
+ Chiu di ca ng c gn:
Lo = H - Lg = 2 - 0,4 = 1,6 (m).
+ Din tch xung quanh ca ng khng c gn:
F1 = d n L o = 3,14 0,038 1,6 = 0,191 (m2).
+ Din tch vnh khn ca gn trn ng
F2 =
3,14
2
2 m D2 dn =
2 200 0,053 2 0,038 2 = 0,429 (m2).
4
4
+ Din tch xung quanh phn ng c gn:

2
F3 = D L g = 3,14 0,053 0,4 = 0,067 (m ).
+ Din tch b ngoi ca ng:

Fn = F1 + F2 + F3 = 0,191 + 0,429 + 0,067 = 0,687 (m2).
+ Din tch b mt trong ca ng:

Ft = H d t = 3,14 2 0,035 = 0,220 (m2).
2. Xc nh hiu s nhit trung bnh:

+ Nhit khng kh vo calorife: t1 = t1 = 23,30C.
+ Nhit khng kh ra khi calorife: t1c = t2 = 750C.
+ Nhit bo ho ca hi nc: t2 = t2c = 1200C.
H s nhit trung bnh xc nh theo cng thc:
t tb =
t d t c
t
t d
ln
t c
[IX-253].
Trong : - t: hiu s nhit u; t = 120 - 23,3 = 96,70C.

- tc: h s nhit cui; tc = 120 - 75 = 450C.
- : h s hiu chnh ph thuc vo s chuyn ng ca cc cht ti
nhit v ph thuc vo cc thng s R v P:
R=
t 1d t 1c 120 120
=
=0
t 2d t 2 c 75 23,3
P=
t 2c t 2d
75 23,3
=
= 0,535
t 1d t 2 d 120 23,3
Tra th = 1
t tb = 1
[XI-8].
96,7 45
= 67,586 0C.
96,7
ln
45
3. H s cp nhit t thnh ng ra ngoi khng kh (1):

Nhit trung bnh ca khng kh trong calorife:
ttb = t1 - ttb = 120 67,586 = 52,4140C.
Tra bng I.255 [IV-318] ng vi ttb= 52,4140C ta c:
+ H s dn nhit: = 2,847 10-2 (W/m.).

+ nht ng hc: = 18,196 10-6 (m2/s).
+ Chun s Pran: Pr = 0,6965.
Chn vn tc khng kh trong calorife: w = 8 (m/s).
Chun s Raynon : Re =
w tg
8 0,01
= 4396,570 [XI-13].
18,196 10 6
Lu th chy ngang qua ng chm c gn, v vy trong trng hp ny

phng trnh chun s Nuyxen c dng:
d
Nu = C
t
0 , 54
hg
0 ,14
Re n Pr 0, 4
[IX-226].
Trong : - d: ng knh ngoi ca ng, (m); d = dn= 0,038 (m).

- t: bc gn: t = tg = 0,01 (m).
- h: chiu cao ca gn: h = 0,0075 (m).
- Do ng thng hng nn: C = 0,116 ; n = 0,72.
0,038
0,01
0 , 54
Nu = 0,116
0,0075
0,01
0 ,14
(4396,570 )
0 , 72
[IX-226].
(0,6965)
0, 4
= 21,334 .
+ H s cp nhit 1 :
Nu =
1 t g
1 =
Nu 2,847 10 2 21,334
=
= 60,738 (W/m2.0C) [IX-227].
tg
0,01
4. H s cp nhit pha trong ng 2:

+ Chn vn tc hi nc i trong ng = 4 (m/s).
+ Hi nc bo ho: to = 1200C.
Tra bng I.249 [IV-311] ta c:
+ H s dn nhit: = 68,6 10-2 (W/m2.).
+ nht ng hc: = 0,252 10-6 (m2 /s).
+ Chun s: Pr = 1,47.
Chun s Re =
dt
4 0,035
=
= 555555,556 > 10000 .
0,252 10 6
Do lu th chy xoy trong ng nn chun s Nu c xc nh theo cng

thc:
Nu = 0,021 x Re Pr
0 ,8
0 , 43
Pr

Prt
0 , 25
[IX-220].
x: H s hiu chnh tnh n nh hng ca t s gia chiu di ng v ng

knh ng:
H
2
=
= 57,143 .
d t 0,035
Tra bng 7.2 [IX-221] => x = 1,03 ; i vi cht kh th

Nu = 0,021 1,03 (555555,556)
0 ,8
(1,47 )
0 , 43
(1)
0 , 25
Pr
1.
Prt
= 1006,433 .
Nu 1006,433 68,6 10 2
2 =
=
= 19726,087 (W/m2.0C).
dt
0,035
5. H s truyn nhit:
K=
1
(W/m2.0C)
1
1
+
+
1 2
[IX-248].
Trong : - 1 = 60,738 (W/m2.0C).

- 2 = 19726,087 (W/m2.0C).
- : h s dn nhit ca ng, (W/m2.0C).
Tra bng [1.123 IV -125] ta c = 385 (W/m2.0C).
- = 0,0015 (m).
K=
1
20
= 60,533 (W/m . C).
1
1
0,0015
+
+
60,738 19726,087
385
6. Tnh lng hi nc dng:

Lng nhit l thuyt cn cung cp cho calorife trong mt gi:
+ Lng nhit m calorife cung cp cho qu trnh sy:
Qcal = Q1 = 7208543,731(kJ/h).
+ Chn hiu sut trao i nhit: = 85%.
+ Lng nhit thc t cn cung cp cho calorife trong mt gi:
Q tt =
Q 7208543,731
=
= 8480639,684 (kJ/h).
0,85
Lng hi nc bo ho dng trong mt gi : D =
Q tt
r
Trong : - r: n nhit ho hi ca hi nc bo ho nhit 1200C.

r = 2207 (kJ/kg) bng I.250 [IV-313].
D=
8480639,684
= 3842,610 (kg/h).
2207
Th tch hi nc cn dng: V = Dv.

v: th tch ring ca hi 1200C; v = 0,893 (m3/h) bng I.250 [IV-313].
V = 3842,610 0,893 = 3431,451 (m3/h).
7. Xc nh cu to calorife:
+ Tng b mt trao i nhit ca calorife: F =
Q tt
(m2) [VIII-123].
3,6 K tb
Trong : - Qtt: lng nhit thc t cung cp cho calorife;

Qtt = 8480639,684 (kJ/h).
- K: h s truyn nhit; K = 60,533 (W/m2.0C).
- tb: h s nhit gia hai lu th; tb= 67,586 (0C).
F=
8480639,684
= 575,807 (m2 ).
3,6 60,533 67,586
+ S ng trong calorife: n =
F
575,807
=
= 838,147 (ng); chn 838 (ng).
F0
0,687
Chn 2 calorife, s ng trong mi calorife l:

Chn calorife c 20 hng, mi hng c
838
= 419 (ng).
2
419
= 20,95 = 21 (ng).
20
+ Kch thc mi calorife:

Chiu rng calorife:
Rcal = (n0 -1) t0 + D + 2 (x + y).
Trong : - x: khong cch t mp gn n thnh mp calorife.

Chn; x = 0,01(m).
- y: chiu rng thnh calorife, chn; y = 0,003 (m).
- t0: bc ng; t0 = 0,056 (m).
- D = Dg: ng knh ngoi ca gn; D = 0,053 (m).
- n0: s hng ca calorife; n0 = 28
Rcal= (20 -1) 0,056 + 0,053 + 2 (0,01+0,003)
Rcal =1,143 (m).

Chiu cao calorife: Hcal = H + 2 a.
Trong : - a: b dy mi tm chn; a = 0,1 (m).
- H: chiu di ng; H = 2 (m).
Hcal = 2 + 2 0,1= 2,2 (m).
Chiu di ca calorife: Dcal = (n1-1) t0 + D + 2 (x + y).

Trong : - n1: s ng trong mi hng; n1 = 21.
Dcal = (21-1) 0,056 + 0,053 + 2 (0,01 + 0,003).
Dcal = 1,199 (m).
7.1.3. Chn qut.
vn chuyn khng kh c u theo cc ng dn trong thit b sy ta s
dng qut y, qut y c t trc calorife a khng kh ngoi mi trng
qua calorife vo thp sy.
Mc ch ca vic chn qut l xc nh cng sut ca ng c, vi h thng
sy ny ngi ta cho bit cng sut ca ng c nn ta khng cn tnh ton cc
tr lc ca qut.
S lng qut cn dng: 2 qut.
7.2. Sng tch tp cht.
+ Chn 2 sng tch tp cht.
+ Nng sut cn thit vo mi sng: Q =
3777,893
= 1888,947 (kg/h).
2
+Chn loi sng LS -1.
c tnh k thut:
+ Nng sut sng: 2000 (kg/h).
+ ng c in: 2 (Kw).
+ Kch thc sng: Di Rng Cao = 1000mm 2000mm 1400mm.
+ Tn s dao ng: 1250 (ln/pht).

7.3. My xt kh.
+ Chn 2 my xt kh.
+ Lng nguyn liu vo mi my: Q =
3702,338
= 1851,169 (kg/h).
2
Gii thiu chung:

My xt v dng xt v tch lp v ca c ph qu kh. Thnh phm i ra t
nh my l c ph nhn x. Chn my xt kh MXV-1 [XIV].
Cu to:
01.Trc chnh my.
03. Ca np liu.
02. B phn x liu.
04. i trng iu chnh
05. Nm iu chnh mt dao
06. Qut thi tp
07. Khung my
c tnh k thut:
+ Nng sut my: 2000 (kg/h).
+Vn tc trc quay: 120 (v/ph).
+ Cng sut ng c: 1,2 (Kw).
+ Kch thc my: Di Rng Cao = 1500mm 7000mm 1500mm.
7.4. My nh bng.
+ Chn 2 my nh bng.
2517,593
= 1258,797 (kg/h).
2
+ Chn my nh bng MB- 500 [XIV].

Gii thiu chung:
My c s dng bc lp v la v nh bng ht c ph nhn nhm nng
cao cht lng thnh phm sau ch bin.
Cu to:
01. Motor
03. B phn x liu
02. B phn np liu
04. Qut thi tp
05. i trng iu chnh bng.
c tnh k thut:
+ Vn tc trc quay: 150 (v/ph).
7.5. Phn loi theo kch thc.
+ Chn 2 my phn loi theo kch thc.

2391,713
= 1195,856 (kg/h).
2
+ Chn my phn loi theo kch thc KT-1 [XIV].

Gii thiu chung:
Chc nng ca my ny dng phn loi kch thc ht c ph theo nhng
kch thc khc nhau da trn cc kch thc tiu chun ca mt sng. Ngoi kh
nng phn loi my ny cn tch c cc tp cht nh: bi, ht v, m
Cu to:
01.Chn .
03. Motor truyn ng trc chnh.
02. Mng np liu.
04. Khung sng.
05. Ca ra thnh phm.
c tnh k thut:
- Nng sut my: 1500 (kg/h).
- Kch thc sng: Di rng cao = 2000mm 1500mm 1400mm.
- Cng sut ng c in: 0,6 (Kw).
- S ln dao ng: 450 (ln/pht).
7.6. Phn loi theo trng lng.
+ Chn 2 my phn loi theo trng lng.
+ Lng nguyn liu vo mi my tnh theo ht c kch thc >6,3mm:

Q=
1665,833
= 832,912 (kg/h).
2
+ Chn thit b thng ng Catador C-1 [XIV].

Gii thiu chung:
Catador l mt thit b cn thit trong h thng ch bin c ph c chc nng
loi b ht m, v cng tp cht nh ra khi c ph da trn nguyn tc kh ng
hc.
Cu to:
01.Ca np liu
03. Ca x liu
02. Ca x tp cht.
04. Motor truyn ng chnh
c tnh k thut:
+ Cng sut ng c: 2 (Kw).
+ Vn tc gi thi: 14 (m/s).
+ Tc qut: 550-620 (v/ph).
7.7. Phn loi theo mu sc.
+ Chn 2 my phn loi theo mu sc.
+ Lng nguyn liu vo mi my tnh theo ht c kch thc >6,3mm:
Q=
1649,175
= 824,588 (kg/h).
2
+ Chn my phn loi hiu Sortex Jonhson ca M [II-72].

+ Nng sut my : 1000 (kg/h).
+ Kch thc: Di rng cao = 1000mm 2500mm 1500mm.
7.8. My phi trn.
+ Chn 2 my phi trn.
+ Lng nguyn liu vo mi my tnh theo ht loi 1:
Q=
1376,123
= 688,062 (kg/h).
2
+ Chn my phi trn kiu vt xon nm ngang [X-235].

+ Bc cnh vt: 100 (mm).
+ S vng quay: 206 (vng/ph).
+ Kch thc my: Di rng cao = 1400mm 2000mm 3500mm.
7.9. Chn xil.
- Chn xil cha c ph nhn cho 3 loi trc khi vo my phn loi theo
trng lng:
+ Chn 2 xil cha c ph cho loi ht c kch thc > 6,3mm.
+ Lng nguyn liu mi xil cn cha: Q =
1665,833
= 832,917 (kg/h).
2
+ Dung trng c ph: 600 (kg/m3).

+ Th tch khi c ph nhn cha trong xil:
Vnl = 3
832,917
3
= 4,165 (m ).
600
+ Th tch xil cha:
V=
Vnl
(m3).
Trong : - : h s cha y ; = 0,85.

V=
4,165
= 4,9 (m3).
0,85
Chn xil hnh tr trn, y hnh nn, c gc tho liu l 600.

+ Chn ng knh phn hnh tr: D = 1,0 (m).
+ Chiu cao y nn: h 1 =
D
1,0
tg 60 0 =
3 = 0,866 (m).
2
2
2
h
0,866
D
1,0
3,14 = 0,227 (m3).
+ Th tch y nn: Vn = 1 =
3
3
2
2
+ Th tch phn tr:

+ Ta c: Vtr =
h2 =
Vtr= V Vn= 4,9 0,227 = 4,673 (m3).
D2
h 2 ; h2 l chiu cao phn tr.
4
4,673
4,673
4 =
4 = 5,953 (m)
2
D
3,14 1,0 2
+ Chiu cao ca xil: H = h1+ h2= 0,866 + 5,953 = 6,819 (m).

Chn 2 xil cha ht c kch thc >5,6mm v 2 xil cha ht c kch
thc >5mm tng t nh xil cha ht > 6,3mm.
Tng s xil dng l: n = 6 (xil).
- Xil cha c ph nhn trc phi trn, ng bao cho c 3 loi ht:
+ Chn 6 xil tng t nh xil cha c ph nhn trc khi vo my phn
loi theo trng lng.
+ Tng s xil dng l: n = 6 (xil).
Bng 7.1. Cc thit b chnh trong dy chuyn sn xut c ph nhn.
STT Tn Thit b chnh
Kch thc (mm)
S lng
- My sy.
2000 3000 6000
- Sng phn loi sau sy.
1000 2000 1400
- My xt kh.
15000 7000 1500
- My nh bng.
1000 2000 1400
- My phn loi theo kch thc.
1000 2000 1400
- My phn loi theo trng lng.
1000 2000 1400
- My phn loi theo mu sc.
1000 2500 1500
- My phi trn.
1400 2000 3500
H= 6819;D= 1000
H= 6819;D = 1000
9
10
- Xil cha c ph nhn trc khi vo

my phn loi theo trng lng.
- Xil cha c ph nhn trc phi
trn ng bao.
7.10. Thit b vn chuyn.

7.10.1. Gu ti.
+ Chn loi gu ti GT-150 [XIV].
Gii thiu chung:
Gu ti l mt thit b vn chuyn lin tc, dng chuyn tip, np nguyn
liu vo v tr cn thit trong dy chuyn. Kch thc cao ca gu tu theo yu cu
vn chuyn.
Cu to:
1. Ca np.
6. Gu mc.
2. C cu bng ti.
7. Motor truyn ng.
3. Ca chm sc.
8. B truyn c kh.
4. Thn gu ti.
9. Chn ca ra.
5. Bng gu ti.
10. Ca v sinh y gu.
c tnh k thut:
+ Cng sut ca ng c gu ti l: 0,5 (Kw).
+ Nng sut gu: 3- 5 (t/h).
7.10.2. Vt ti.
Gii thiu chung:
Vt ti l 1 loi thit b vn chuyn nguyn liu t ni ny sang ni khc theo
phng ngang, nghing, ng tu theo yu cu vn chuyn.
S dng vt ti c u im d vn hnh, thao tc, nng sut cao, t chim ch.

Cu to: [XIV].
1. Ca np liu.
2. V vt ti kiu ng.
3. Trc chnh mang l vt ti.
4. Motor v b truyn c kh.
c tnh k thut:
+ Kch thc vt ti: D = 500mm; chiu di ca vt tu theo yu cu vn
chuyn.
+ Nng sut vt ti: 1( t/h).
+ Cng sut ca ng c vt ti l: 0,5 (Kw).

Bng 7.2. Cc thit b vn chuyn trong dy chuyn sn xut c ph nhn.
Tn thit b
STT
Kch thc (mm) SL
- Gu ti N.liu ln my sy.
B =125; H = 6300.
- Gu ti N.liu sau khi sy ln sng PL.
B = 125; H = 1550.
- Gu ti N.liu ln my xt kh.
B = 125; H =1650.
- Gu ti N.liu ln my nh bng.
B = 125; H = 1550
- Gu ti N.liu ln sng PL theo kch thc.
B = 125; H = 1550.
- Gu ti N.liu t vt ti ln xil cha c ph
B = 125; H = 7000.
B = 125; H = 7000.
B =125; H = 1650.
B = 125; H = 7000.
B = 125; H = 7000.
B = 125; H = 2800.
D = 500, l= 1000.
D = 500, l= 1000.
D =500, l= 5000.
D =500, l = 5000
D =500, l = 5000
16 - Vt ti N.liu t u gu ti n my phi trn.
D = 500, l = 5000
17 - Vt ti nguyn liu t cn n my ng bao
D = 500, l = 5000
trc khi vo my Catador.

7
8
- Gu ti N.liu t xil cha n vt ti trc khi

vo my Catador.
- Gu ti N.liu ln my PL theo mu sc.
- Gu ti N.liu t vt ti ln xil cha c ph
trc khi vo my phi trn.
9
10
11
12
- Gu ti N.liu t xil cha n vt ti trc khi

vo my phi trn.
- Gu ti vn chuyn N.liu t my phi trn n
cn, ng bao.
- Vt ti N.liu t b phn cha n chn gu ti
nguyn N.liu thp sy.
- Vt ti N.liu sau khi sy n chn gu ti
N.liu ln sng lm sch.
- Vt ti nghing vn chuyn N.liu t my P.L
13 theo kch thc n chn gu ti N.liu vo xil

cha trc khi vo Catador.
14 - Vt ti nguyn liu t u gu ti n Catador.
15
- Vt ti N.liu t my PL theo mu sc n chn

gu ti NL trc khi vo xil cha.
B. Tnh v chn thit b cho dy chuyn sn xut c ph rang xay.

7.1 Sng tp cht.
+ Chn sng lc dc, ba li sng [X - 142].
+ Nng sut sng: 300 (kg/h).
+ Nng sut cn thit: Q = 266,500 (kg/h).
+ Li sng lm bng thp dp l trn :
1 = 6,5 (mm).
2 = 6 (mm).
1 = 4 (mm).
+ Kch thc my: Di rng cao = 2000mm 1000mm 1500mm.
+ Cng sut ng c in: 2,5 (Kw).
+ S lng sng: n = 1 (my).
7.2. B x l nguyn liu.
+ Th tch b: V = Q t (m3).
Trong :
- : h s an ton ca b; = 1,5.
- Q: nng sut ca b (m3/h); Q =
G
(m3/h).
G: lng nguyn liu vo b: G = 266,521 (kg/h).

: dung trng c ph; = 600 (kg/m3).
Q=
266,521
= 0,444 (m3/h).
600
t: thi gian nguyn liu lu li trong b (h); t = 1/12 (h).

V = 1,5 0,444
1
= 0,056 (m3).
12
+ Kch thc ca b: Di rng cao = 800mm 600mm 1000mm.

S lng b: n = 1 (b).
7.3. Xil cha nguyn liu trc khi rang.
+ Khi lng c ph ca mi m rang l: (70 kg/m).
+ Th tch nguyn liu : Vnl =
70
(m3).
Trong : - : dung trng c ph trc khi rang; = 600 (kg/m3).
Vnl =
70
= 0,117 (m3).
600
+ Th tch xil cha : V =
Vnl
(m3).
- Vi: l h s cha y; = 0,85.

0,117
= 0,138 (m3).
0,85
V=
Chn xil hnh tr trn, y hnh nn ct c gc nghing 600.

- Chn ng knh phn hnh tr: D = 0,5 (m).
- Chiu cao y nn: h 1 =
D
0,5
tg 60 0 =
3 = 0,433 (m).
2
2
2
2
h1
D
0,433
0,5
- Th tch y nn: Vn =
=
3,14
= 0,057 (m3).
3
2
3
2
- Th tch phn tr: Vtr = V-Vn = 0,138 - 0,057 = 0,081 (m3).

Vtr =
- Ta c:
D2
h 2 (m3).
4
h2: l chiu cao phn tr.

h2 =
0,081
0,081
4 =
4 = 0,413 (m)
2
D
3,14 0,5 2
- Chiu cao ca xil : H = h1 + h2= 0,433 + 0,413 = 0,846 (m).

Chn n = 1 (xil).
7.4. Thit b rang.
+ Chn thit b rang MR-25 [XIV].
Gii thiu chung:
My rang c ph MR-25 l thit b chuyn dng rang c ph nhn . my c
th s dng ring r hoc lp trong dy chuyn ch bin c ph hon chnh.
Cu to:
01. My np liu.
09. Tay xoay trng rang.
02. Tay m van np liu.
10. Qut ht tp
03. Trng rang ht.
11. Cyclon lng tp.
04. Xm th c.
12. Bp t ga.
05. Tay m ca x c sau khi rang.
13. T in iu khin.
06. Ca x c sau khi rang.
14. Motor truyn ng trng rang ht.
07. Nia lm ngui.
15. Motor qut ht.
08. Ca x c sau khi lm ngui
16. Motor truyn ng nia lm ngui.
+ khi lng nguyn liu vo trong 1 m rang: G = 70 (kg/h).

+ Tng thi gian rang v tho liu:
+ S thit b rang cn: n =
1
(h).
3
262,522 1
= 1,250 .
70
3
+ Chn 2 thit b rang chnh v 1 thit b rang d phng.

Tng s thit b rang cn: n = 3 thit b.
+ Th tch thit b cn thit cha khi nguyn liu: V =
G 3
(m ) .
Trong : - G: khi lng nguyn liu vo trong 1 m rang.

G = 70 (kg/h).
- : dung trng c ph trc khi rang; = 600 (kg/m3).
V=
70
= 0,117 (m3).
600
Trong qu trnh rang th th tch ca ht c ph tng 50 10% m bo qu

trnh o trn v thot kh tt khi rang th nguyn liu vo ch chim 30% th tch
thng rang.
+ Th tch thng rang:
VT =
V 100 0,117 100

=
= 0,390(m 3 ).
30
30
+ ng knh thng rang: DT = 0,7 (m).

+ Chiu di thng rang: L =
4 0,390
= 1,014 (m).
3,14 (0,7) 2
+ Thng lm bng gang, dy 5 (mm).

+ S vng quay ca thng: v = 10 (v/ph).
+ Cng sut ng c: Nc = 2,5 (Kw).
7.5. Chn thit b cho cng on lm ngui.
Ngi ta thng tin hnh lm ngui bng cch phun nc gim nhit v
nng m ca c ph sau khi rang t 1% ln 3% (qu trnh ny c lm ngui
trong thng rang), nn c ph sau khi ra khi my rang ch c lm ngui s b
bng bng ti .
+ Chn bng ti BTM-200 [XIV].
Cu to:
1. Motor v b truyn c kh.
3. Bng ti
2. Thn bng ti.
4. C cu tng bng ti.
c tnh k thut:
+ Chiu rng tm bng : B = 400 (mm).
+ Chiu di bng ti: l = 2 (m).
+ Chn n =1 (bng ti).

7.6. My phi trn.
+ Chn my trn c ph MT-25 [XIV].
Gii thiu chung:
My trn c ph l thit b dng trong h thng ch bin c ph bt. Chc nng
ca my ny l dng pha trn cc loi c ph li vi nhau theo t l, to ra
hng v c ph nh mong mun.
Cu to:
01. Ca np.
04. Khung my.
02. Trc chnh
05. Motor truyn ng trc chnh.
03. Ca ra thnh phm.
c tnh k thut:
+ Cng sut ng c: 2 (Kw).
+ Vt liu ch to: Phn tip xc nguyn liu lm bng thp khng r
Chn n =1 (my).
7.7. My xay c ph:
+ Chn my xay c ph MX-100 [XIV].
My xay c ph MX-100 l mt tht b chuyn dng xay c ph sau khi rang,
c th lp nhiu my trong h thng ch bin hoc c th dng ring l trong cc h
sn xut gia nh.
Cu to:
Vt liu ch to my: phn tip xc vi c ph nhn lm bng thp khng r, v
my lm bng thp en.
01. Phu np liu.
03. a p .
04. Ca x c ph thnh phm.
02. Ca np iu chnh.
05. Motor truyn ng.
c tnh k thut:
- Nng sut my nghin: 250 (kg/h).
- Cng sut ng c: 12 (Kw).
- Kch thc my: Di rng cao = 600mm 600mm 1400mm.
- S my nghin: n = 1 (my).
7.8. My ng gi:
Bao b ng c ph bt gm cc lp sau:
- Trong cng l lp giy thic, gi c ph bt ch ht chn khng trnh
s h hng khi bo qun.
- Bn ngoi l lp v hp giy. Nhn hiu c ghi bn ngoi v c ng
k bn quyn s dng ring. ng thi phi ghi y cc thng tin cn thit nh
ngy sn xut, hn s dng, c th ghi thm hng dn s dng ngi tiu dng
s dng sn phm d dng hn.

+ Chn my ng bao nylon M01-400 [XIV].
c tnh k thut:
- Nng sut ca my: 500 (kg/h).
- Cng sut ng c: 1,5 (Kw).
- Kch thc my: Di rng cao = 520mm 950mm 420mm.
+ S my: n = 1 (my).
+ Khi lng mi gi: 250 - 1000 (g/gi).
Bng 7.3. Cc thit b chnh trong qu trnh sn xut c ph rang xay.

STT
1
Tn thit b
Sng tp cht.
Kch thc (mm)

2000 1000 1500
S lng
1
B x l nguyn liu.
800 600 1000
Thit b rang.
DT = 700; L = 1014
Xil cha nguyn liu trc rang.
D = 500; H = 846
My phi trn.
1000 1200 2500
Bng ti lm ngui.
B = 400; L = 2000
My xay c ph.
600 600 1400
My ng gi.
520 950 420
7.9. Thit b vn chuyn:

- Gu ti vn chuyn nguyn liu c ph nhn ln sng tch tp cht.
+ Chn gu ti tng t nh cc gu ti trong sn xut c ph nhn.
+ Chiu cao v kch thc ca gu tu theo yu cu vn chuyn.
- Vt ti nguyn liu sau khi rang n chn gu ti ln b phn lm ngui:
+ Chn loi vt ti tng t nh cc vt ti trong sn xut c ph nhn.
+ Kch thc vt ti: Di rng cao = 500mm 550mm 2000mm.
Bng 7.4. Cc thit b vn chuyn trong qu trnh sn xut c ph rang xay.
STT
1
2
Tn thit b.
- Gu ti vn chuyn nguyn liu c ph nhn
ln sng tch tp cht.
- Gu ti vn chuyn nguyn liu ln xil cha
trc khi rang.
Kch thc (mm).
SL
B =125; H = 1650.
B =125; H =1000.
- Gu ti vn chuyn nguyn liu n bng ti.
B =125; H = 600.
- Gu ti vn chuyn c ph ln my phi trn.
B =125; H = 2650.
- Gu ti vn chuyn c ph ln my xay.
B =125; H = 1550.
- Gu ti vn chuyn c ph ln my ng gi.
B =125; H = 600.
D = 500, l = 1000
- Vt ti nguyn liu sau khi rang n chn gu

ti ln b phn lm ngui.
PHN VIII.
T CHC HNH CHNH V XY DNG CA NH MY.

A- T chc hnh chnh.
8.1. S b my qun l:
T chc hnh chnh ca nh my khng nhng to iu kin thun li cho
qu trnh sn xut m cn chm lo i sng ca cn b, cng nhn vin trong nh
my.
GIAM C
PG K THUT
PG KINH DOANH
P.K THUT HO NGHIM
P.K HOCH, TI V
P. XNG SN XUT
CHNH V PH
P. T CHC, Y T
P. XNG C IN
PHNG HNH CHNH
B PHN L HI
PHNG CUNG TIU
8.2. Chc nng cng vic.
+ Gim c: l ngi chu trch nhim cao nht i vi Nh Nc v qun l

nh my, trc tip nm cc phng ban theo chc nng ring v iu ng nh my
hot ng c hiu qu nht.
+ Ph Gim c K Thut: chu trch nhim chung v qun l, sn xut trc

tip iu hnh Phng K Thut-KCS v cc phn xng sn xut.
+ Ph Gim c Kinh Doanh: chu trch nhim chung v vt t, nguyn vt
liu p ng cho sn xut, ng thi tiu th sn phm. Do Ph Gim c
Kinh Doanh l ngi trc tip iu hnh cc phng k hoch, hnh chnh t chc.
+ Phng k hoch, ti v: c nhim v lp k hoch sn xut cho tng thng,
tng qu v cho c nm. iu phi lao ng cho ph hp vi tng cng vic. Lp
k hoch cung ng nguyn vt liu cho qu trnh sn xut, ng thi c k hoch
phn phi sn xut v tiu th sn phm.
+ Phng t chc: nm ton b nhn s trong cc phn xng ca nh my,
qun l h s, l lch ca cn b cng nhn vin. Thi hnh y mi ch , chnh
sch, quyn li v ngha v cng nh m bo i sng cho cn b, cng nhn vin
ca nh my.
+ Phng hnh chnh: ph trch giy t, cng vn, chu trch nhim m bo
i sng, sinh hot n .
Bng 8.1. S nhn lc v cn b trong cc phng ban.
STT Ngnh ngh
S ngi trong ca
S ca trong ngy S ngi trong ngy
Gim c.
01
01
01
PG K Thut.
01
01
01
PG Kinh Doanh.
01
01
01
Phng Hnh Chnh.
04
01
04
Phng T Chc.
04
01
04
Phng Ho Nghim
04
01
04
Phng K.H, ti v.
02
01
02
Y t.
02
01
02
Tng cng:(Ccb)
19
Bng 8.2. Bng k khai lc lng lao ng ca nh my phn xng sn

xut c ph nhn.
STT Cng on
S CN trong ca
S ca trong ngy S CN trong ngy
Vn chuyn ng.liu.
06
02
12
Phi, sy s b.
04
02
08
Sy chnh thc.
02
02
04
Tch tp cht.
01
02
02
Xt c ph.
02
02
04
nh bng.
01
02
02
P.Loi theo kch thc.
01
02
02
P.Loi theo khi lng
02
02
04
P.Loi theo mu sc.
02
02
04
10
Phi trn, ng bao.
04
02
08
11
Bo qun.
06
02
12
Tng cng
Cn1 = 31
Cn2 = 62
Bng 8.3. Bng k khai lc lng lao ng ca nh my phn xng sn

xut c ph rang xay.
STT Cng on
S CN trong ca
Vn chuyn ng.liu.
02
02
04
X l, lm sch.
02
02
04
Rang c ph.
02
02
04
Lm ngui.
01
02
02
Phi trn.
01
02
02
Nghin.
02
02
04
Cn, ng gi, b.qun.
04
02
08
Tng cng
Cr1 = 14
Cr2 = 28
Bng 8.4. Bng k khai lc lng lao ng b phn ph tr.

STT Cng on
S CN trong ca
L hi.
01
02
02
C in.
01
02
02
Bo v.
01
02
02
05
01
05
Li xe (4xe ti+1xe con)
Nh n, cng tin.
03
02
06
Trm bm.
01
02
02
Tng cng:
Cp1 = 12
Cp2 = 19
+ Tng s cng nhn tham gia sn xut:

Csx = Cn2 + Cr2 = 62 +28 = 90 (ngi).
+ S cng nhn bin ch khu trc tip sn xut :
Cbc = kCsx= 1,0490 = 94 (ngi); (k l h s iu khuyt).
Do nh my sn xut theo thi v, gim chi ph tr lng cho cng nhn.
Ngoi cng nhn chnh thc nh my cn tuyn thm mt s cng nhn lm theo
hp ng ngn hn khi nh my hot ng vo thi v c lng nguyn liu nhiu.
+ S cng nhn lm vic theo hp ng:
Chd = 9430% = 28 (ngi).
+ S cng nhn trc tip sn xut dng chnh thc ca nh my :
Csxc = 94 28 = 66 (ngi).
8.3. Tng s cng nhn vin ca nh my.
C = Ccb + Cbc + Cp2 = 19 + 94 + 19 = 132 (ngi).
8.4. S cng nhn ng nht trong 1 ca.
+ S nhn lc v cn b trong cc phng ban: Ccb = 19 (ngi).
+ Cc b phn ph tr: Cp1 = 12 (ngi).
+ Sn xut c ph nhn: Cn1 = 31(ngi).
+ Sn xut c ph rang xay: Cr1 = 14 (ngi).
Vy tng s cng nhn ng nht trong 1 ca l:
Cc = Ccb + Cp1 + Cn1 + Cr1 = 19 + 12 + 31+ 14 = 76 (ngi).
B- Tnh xy dng.
I. Cch b tr mt bng.
Yu cu chung v b tr mt bng:
+ m bo ng i ca dy chuyn cng ngh l ngn nht.
+ m bo s hp tc trong vic s dng nguyn liu, gia cc phn xng v
gia cc nh my trong khu vc khc trong ton b khu cng nghip.
+ Gii quyt tt vn giao thng ni b nh my v gia nh my vi cc
khu vc khc.
- Chn phng tin vn chuyn hp l.
- C mi lin h cht ch gia cc phn xng sn xut vi nhau, gia
khu vc sn xut vi khu vc iu khin.
+ m bo ph hp vi a hnh, a cht khu vc nh my.
+ m bo khong cch gia cc cng trnh theo tiu chun p ng cc
yu cu v thng gi, chiu sng, phng ho v v sinh cng nghip.
+ Khong cch gia hai phn xng thng nh sau: K
H1 + H 2
.
2
Vi - H1: Chiu cao cng trnh 1.

- H2: Chiu cao cng trnh 2.
- Khi hai phn xng trong qu trnh sn xut t sinh ra khi bi, c hi
thng th K 15 (m).
- Khi mt trong hai phn xng trong qu trnh sn xut sinh ra nhiu
khi bi v d c nguy c gy chy n th K 25 (m).
II. Tnh xy dng.

1. Phn xng sn xut chnh v ph.
+ Chn phn xng sn xut chnh v ph, mt tng, khung nh lm bng
thp.
- Kt cu bao che: phn xng lp bng tn, tng c cc ct b tng ct
thp chu lc, tng bao c xy bng gch t va dy 250 mm.
- Khung lm bng vt liu thp 2 cnh song song.
+ Da vo dy chuyn cng ngh, kch thc v s lng thit b tnh

ton v b tr phn xng sn xut c ph nhn, phn xng ph sn xut c ph
rang xay t chung mt tng, chiu cao phn xng 8,4(m).
+ Din tch phn xng: 36 24 = 864 (m2).
2. Sn cha nguyn liu ban u.
+ Sn cha nguyn liu c xy dng c mi che, khng c tng bao
xung quanh. C ph sau khi thu hoch c vn chuyn v nh my v phi ri u
trn mt sn nhm bo qun nguyn liu trnh nhng h hng xy ra khi bo qun.
+ Lng nguyn liu cn bo qun trn dy: = 30 - 40 (cm).
- Chn = 40 (cm).
- mt : 600 0,4 = 240 (kg/m2).
- Chn thi gian lu li trn sn t = 12 h.
+ Lng nguyn liu trn sn 7500 12 = 90000 (kg).
+ Din tch sn cn xy dng :
S=
90000
= 375 (m2).
240
+ Din tch li i v ct chim 30% din tch sn.

+ Vy din tch sn cn xy dng l:
Sxd = 375+375 0,3 = 487,500 (m2).
+ Kch thc sn: Di Rng Cao = 26m 20m 4,8m.
+ Din tch: S = 26 20 = 520 (m2).
3. Sn phi nguyn liu.
+ Sn cha nguyn liu c xy dng khng c c mi che, khng c
tng bao xung quanh. Mc ch ca qu trnh phi ny l nhm h thu phn ca
c ph to iu kin thun li cho qu trnh sy tip theo.
+ Lng nguyn liu cn phi dy: = 5 - 10 (cm).
- Chn = 5 (cm).
- mt : 600 0,05 = 30 (kg/m2).
- Chn thi gian lu li trn sn t = 9 h.
+ Lng nguyn liu phi trn sn: 7500 9 = 67500 (kg).
+ Din tch sn cn xy dng : S =
67500
= 2250 (m2).
30
+ Kch thc sn: Di Rng = 100m 23m.

+ Din tch: S = 100 23 = 2300 (m2).
4. Kho bo qun c ph nhn.
+ C ph nhn sau khi c sn xut ra tt nht l em i tiu th ngay.
Tuy nhin, khi cha tiu th ngay c th phi c bo qun trong kho, thi
gian bo qun c ph nhn trong 15 ngy.
+ Nh my c phn xng ph sn xut c ph rang xay, nguyn liu ca
phn xng ny l sn phm ca phn xng chnh, ta s dng mt phn c ph
nhn em i sn xut c ph rang xay.
+ Phn xng ph c nng sut 3200 (kg/ngy) tng ng vi lng
nguyn liu c ph nhn em i sn xut l 266,521 16 = 4264,336 (kg/ngy).
+ Nng sut c ph nhn l 2327,753 16 = 37244,048 (kg/ngy). Vy lng
c ph nhn mi ngy cn phi bo qun l: 37244,048 - 4264,336 = 32979,712
(kg). Thi gian bo qun trong kho ta chn 15 ngy, nn lng c ph nhn cn bo
qun l: Q = 32979,712 15 = 494695,680 (kg).
+ Do kho bo qun c ph nhn cn xy dng:
+ Kho bo qun c xp theo tiu chun1,5 - 1,7 (t/m2). Ta chn 1,6(t/m2).
Din tch cn thit : S =
494695,680
= 309,185 (m2).
1600
+ Din tch li i v ct chim 30% din tch kho.

+ Vy din tch cn xy dng l: S = 309,185+309,185 0,3 = 401,941 (m2).
+ Kch thc: Di Rng Cao = 24m 18m 8m.
+ Din tch kho: S = 24 18 = 432 (m2).
5. Kho bo qun c ph rang xay.
+ Bo qun c ph rang xay trong 15 ngy ch tiu th. C ph rang xay
c ng gi v xp vo thng (kin), mi thng c trng lng 10 kg. Khi
lng c ph cn bo qun: 3200 15 = 48000 (kg).
+ Din tch cn bo qun: S =
48000
= 30 (m2)
1600
+ Tnh c cho cc hnh ct v li i li trong kho th din tch kho bo qun

cn xy dng l: S2 = 30 + 30 0,3 = 39 (m2).
+ Chn kch thc kho: Di Rng Cao = 7m 6m 6m.
+ Din tch kho: S = 6 7 = 42 (m2).

6. Nh hnh chnh.
6.1. Din tch dnh cho cn b cng nhn vin:
Tiu chun c tnh nh sau :
+ Cn b lnh o 8 12 (m2/ngi). Ta chn 10 (m2/ngi). S cn b
lnh o gm 1 gim c, 2 ph gim c v 4 trng phng. Vy tng s cn b
lnh o 7 ngi.
+ Cc cn b vin chc khc chn 4 (m2/ngi).
+ Vy din tch cn xy dng l :
F1 = 7 10 + (19- 7) 4 = 118 (m2).
6.2. Din tch hi trng:
+ Hi trng dng hi hp cn b cng nhn vin ph bin cc k
hoch hot ng ca nh my, tho lun v a ra cc sng kin trong sn xut.
ng thi hi trng cn l ni phc v cho cc hot ng khc nh vn ho vn
ngh ...
+ Tiu chun 1,5 (m2/ngi), tnh cho 2/3 s cng nhn vin ca nh my.
S ngi ny tnh trong phn hnh chnh C = 132 (ngi).
F2 =
2
1,5 132 = 132 (m2).
3
+ Vy tng din tch khu nh hnh chnh l :

F = F1 + F2 = 118 +132 = 250 (m2).
+ Ta xy khu nh hnh chnh hai tng vi kch thc nh sau :
Di Rng Cao = 16m 9m 9m.
+ Din tch mi tng: S = 16 9 = 144 (m2).
7. Nh xng c kh.
+ Nhim v ca phn xng nay l m bo sa cha ln, nh cc thit b
my mc trong nh my, ng thi cn gia cng ch to theo ci tin k thut, pht
huy sng kin.
+ Chn phn xng c kch thc: Di Rng Cao = 12m 6m 4,8m.
+ Din tch: S = 12 6 =72 (m2).
8. Kho cha bao b:
+ Kho ny s dng cha bao b chun b cho qu trnh ng bao c ph

nhn v ng gi c ph rang xay.
+ Chn kho c kch thc nh sau: Di Rng Cao = 6m 6m 4,8m.
+ Din tch: S = 9 4 = 36(m2).
9. Nh bo v.
+ Di Rng Cao = 6m 4m 3,6m.
+ Din tch: S = 6 4 = 24(m2).
10. Nh n.
+ Nh n l ni phc v nhu cu n ung cho cn b cng nhn vin ca nh
my. Tnh theo tiu chun 2,25 (m2/ngi), v tnh theo 2/3 s lng cng nhn
trong ca ng nht: S = 76 2,25
2
2
= 114 (m )
3
+ Chn kch thc nh n: Di Rng Cao = 16m 9m 4,8m.

+ Din tch: S = 16 9= 144(m2).
11. Nh xe.
+ Din tch nh xe tnh cho 100% s ngi lm vic trong ca ng nht. Din
tch xe p c tnh l 3 (xe/m2) v xe my c tnh l 1(xe/m2). Ta tnh 2/3 xe
p, 1/3 xe my. Chn h s s dng 80%.
+ Din tch cn xy dng l :
1
2 1 100
S = 76 + 76
53 (m2)
3
3 3 80
+ Chn kch thc nh xe: Di Rng Cao = 4m 16m 3,6m.

+ Din tch: S = 4 16 = 64(m2).
12. Gara t.
+ Chn xe ti c cng sut 5 (tn qu ti/chuyn), mi ngy ch 6 chuyn.
Vy mi xe ch 30 (tn/ngy). S xe cn vn chuyn nguyn liu cho nh my l :
n=
120000
= 4 (xe).
30000
+ Chn thm mt xe con dnh cho cn b i cng tc xa. Vy tng s xe

trong nh my l n = 5 (xe).
| + Mi xe chim din tch 20 (m2), h s s dng 0,8.
+ Din tch cn xy dng: S = 20
5
= 125 (m2).
0,8
+ Chn kch thc xy dng: Di Rng Cao = 9m 16m 4,8m.

+ Din tch: S = 9 16= 144(m2).
13. Nh sinh hot v sinh.
13.1. Phng thay qun o:
+ Tnh theo tiu chun 0,2 (m2/ngi).
+ Din tch phng cn xy dng l: S1 = 76 0,2 = 15,2 (m2).
13.2. Phng tm:
+ Tnh cho 60% s cng nhn ng nht trong ca, v 7-10 (cng nhn/1vi
tm). Kch thc 0,9 0,9.
+ S vi cn thit: n =
76 60
= 5,7 ; Chn n = 6 (vi tm).
100 8
+ Din tch phng tm : S = 6 0,9 0,9 = 4,86 (m2).

13.3. Khu vc ra:
+ Tnh cho 20 (cng nhn /chu ra). S chu cn thit n = 4 (chu).
13.4. Phng v sinh:.
+ S lng nh v sinh tnh bng 1/4 s nh tm, chn 2 nh v sinh.
+ Kch thc phng v sinh 0,9 1,2 (m).
S = 2 0,9 1,2 = 2,16 (m2)
+ Vy din tch nh sinh hot v sinh cn xy dng l :
S = 15,2 + 4,86 + 2,16 = 22,220 (m2).
+ Chn kch thc nh sinh hot v sinh:
Di Rng Cao = 6m 4m 3,6m.
+ Din tch: S = 6 4= 24 (m2).
14. Kho nhin liu.
14.1. Lng du FO cn cho ni hi:
B = 328,688 (kg/h) (xem phn hi - in - nc).
14.2. Lng du dng cho qu trnh rang c ph:
+ B = 3,360 (kg/h) (xem phn cn bng nhit).
+ Vy tng lng du dng cho mt gi l :
328,688 + 3,360 = 332,048 (kg/h).
+ Lng nhin liu d tr c tnh cho nhu cu t trong 15 ngy. Lng

du d tr l: 332,048 16 15 = 79691,520 (kg).
+ Th tch ring ca du v = 0,00105 (m3/kg)
+ Vy th tch du cn d tr l : V = 79691,520 0,00105 = 83,676 (m3).
+ Chn xitec tr du c kch thc R = 3000 (mm), H = 6000 (mm). Th
2
tch mi xitec:
R
3
V = 3,14
H = 3,14 6 = 42,390 (m3).
4
2
+ S lng xitec: n =
83,676
= 1,974; chn n = 2 (xitec).
42,390
+ Kch thc kho nhin liu: Di Rng Cao = 9m 16m 8,4m.

+ Din tch: S = 9 6 = 144 (m2).
15. Nh t l hi.
+ Kch thc: Di Rng Cao = 6m 6m 3,6m.
+ Din tch: S = 6 6 = 36 (m2).
16. i nc.
+ R = 2000 (m); Chiu cao tng H = 11 (m).
+ Din tch: S = 12 6= 72 (m2).
17. Nh t bm nc.
+ Chn kch thc: Di Rng Cao = 4m 6m 3,6m.
+ Din tch: S = 4 6 = 24 (m2).
18. Bi cha b
+ B nh my thi ra ch yu l v qu c ph, v la v lp nht.
+ Chn din tch cha b S = 12 8 = 96 (m2)
19. B x l nc.
+ Chn kch thc b: Di Rng Cao = 12m 6m 3,6m.
+ Din tch: S = 12 6 = 72 (m2).
20. Trm bin th v my bin p.
+ t gc nh my, k ng giao thng v t gn ni tiu th nht.
+ Din tch 9 - 16 (m2). Ta chn S = 4 4 = 16 (m2).
21. B nc d tr.
+ Ta tnh phn in - hi - nc.
+ Kch thc: Di Rng Cao = 12m 16m 6m.

+ Din tch: S = 16 12 = 192 (m2).
Bng 10.1. Tng kt v xy dng.
STT Tn cng trnh
Di (m)
Rng (m) Cao (m)
DT (m2)
Phn xng chnh v ph.
36
24
8,4
864
Sn cha nguyn liu.
26
20
4,8
520
Sn phi nguyn liu.
100
23
Kho bo qun c ph nhn.
24
18
432
Kho bo qun c ph rang xay.
42
Nh hnh chnh (2 tng).
16
144
Nh xng c kh.
12
4,8
72
Kho cha bao b.
3,6
36
Nh bo v.
3,6
24
10
Nh n.
16
4,8
144
11
Nh xe.
16
3,6
64
12
Gara t.
16
144
13
Nh sinh hot v sinh.
3,6
24
14
Kho nhin liu.
16
8,4
144
15
Nh t l hi.
3,6
36
16
i nc.
12
14,5
72
17
Nh bm.
3,6
24
18
Bi cha b.
12
19
B x l nc.
12
20
Trm bin p v my bin th.
21
B nc d tr.
12
16
Tng cng: (Fxd)
2300
96
3,6
72
16
192
5462
+ Tng din tch xy dng nh my: Fxd = 5462 (m2).

+ Din tch khu t: Fkd =
Fxd
, (m2).
K xd
Vi : - Kxd: h s xy dng; %
- i vi nh my thc phm thng Kxd = 30 - 40 %; chn Kxd = 0,3.

5462
= 18206,667 . (m2).
0,3
Fkd =
Chn khu t hnh ch nht c kch thc nh sau:

Di rng = 153m 120m.
Fkd= 153 120 = 18360 (m2).
Ngoi ra, nh gi ch tiu kinh t k thut ca tng mt bng nh my cn c
h s s dng Ksd:
K sd =
Fsd
100, (%).
Fk
Trong : - Fkd : din tch bn trong hng ro nh my, (m2).

- Fsd = Fxd + Fhr + Fhl + Fcx + Fgt , (m2).
+ Fxd = 5462 (m2).
+ Din tch h rnh: Fhr = 0,05 Fkd = 0,05 18206,667 = 910,333 (m2).
+ Din tch giao thng trong nh my:
Fgt = 0,15 Fkd = 0,15 18206,667 = 2731 (m2).
+ Din tch hnh lang: Fhl = 0,05 Fkd = 0,05 18206,667 = 910,333 (m2).
+ Din tch cy xanh: Fcx = 0,1 Fkd = 0,1 18206,667 = 1820,667 (m2).
Vy ta c: Fsd = 5462 + 910,333 + 910,333 +1820,667 + 2731
= 11834,333 (m2).
K sd =
11834,333
= 65%.
18206,667
PHN IX:
TNH HI - IN- NC.

A. TNH HI DNG CHO NH MY.
9.1. Lng hi s dng trong nh my.
Nh my s dng nhin liu cho ni hi l du FO.
+ Hi dng cho qu trnh sy c tnh phn tnh v chn thit b l:
D1 = D = 3842,610 (kg/h).
+ Hi dng cho sinh hot nu n:
D2 = 0,1D1 = 0,13842,610 = 384,261 (kg/h).
+ Lng hi tn tht trong qu trnh lm vic:
D3 = 1,1D1 = 1,13842,610 = 4226,871 (kg/h).
+ Hi dng cho ton b nh my:
D = D1+ D2+ D3 = 3842,610 +384,261+ 4226,871 = 8453,742 (kg/h).
9.2. Chn kiu ni.
Chn loi ni hi kiu B8 [XII - 289] c cc thng s k thut sau:
+ p sut lm vic: 8 at.
+ Nng sut ni hi: 2500 - 3000 (kg/h).
+ Din tch ghi l: 1,37 m2
+ S lng ng: 19 (ng).
+ Chiu cao ng: 2070 (mm).
+ ng knh ng chu nhit: 60
Kch thc ni hi: Di rng cao = 1730mm 2480mm 2520mm.
m bo cho qu trnh sn xut c lin tc ta chn thm mt ni hid
phng. Vy s ni hi l 02 (ci).
9.3. Tnh nhin liu dng cho ni hi.
+ Ta s dng nhin liu du FO t. Lng nhin liu c tnh theo
cng thc sau : B =
D (i h i n )
100 ; (kg/h).
Qt
Trong : - : hiu sut s dng hu ch; = 0,75.
- ih: hm nhit ca hi nc 1200C; ih = 647 (kcal/kg).

- in: hm nhit ca hi nc 23,30C ; in = 23,416 (kcal/kg).
- D: lng hi s dng ; D = 3842,610 (kg/h)
- Qt: nhit tr thp ca nhin liu; Qt = 40630,516 (kJ/kg)
= 9720,219 (kcal/kg).
B=
3842,610 (647 - 23,416)

= 328,688 (kg/h).
9720,219 0,75
+ Lng du dng cho c nm :

G = B 16 275 = 328,688 16 275 = 1446227,200 (kg/nm).
9.4. Lng du dng cho qu trnh rang.
+ Nh my dng 3 my rang:
+ Mt m mi my s dng ht: B = 0,896 (kg/m).
+ Khi lng du FO cn dng trong 1 gi:
0,896 262,521
= 3,360 (kg/h).
70
+ Khi lng du FO cn dng cho1 nm l:

3,36016275 = 14784 (kg/nm).
9.5. Lng xng du dng cho cc loi xe trong nh my.
1. Lng du dng cho 4 xe ti l:
- Vi nh mc mi xe dng 20 (lt/ngy).
- Vy lng du cn dng cho 1 nm l: 2004275 = 22000 (lt/nm).
2. Lng xng dng cho 1 xe con l:
- nh mc 10 (lt/ngy).
- Vy lng xng cn dng: 1027501 = 2750 (lt/nm).
9.6. Lng du dng cho my pht in d phng.
+ nh mc: 35 (lt/thng).
+ Lng du dng cho c nm: 3511 = 385 (lt /nm).
Vy tng lng du cn dng cho nh my trong mt nm l :
G = 385 + 22000 + 14784 +1446227,200 = 1483396,200 (lt/nm)
B. TNH LNG NC CN DNG CHO NH MY.
9.1. Nc dng cho sn xut.
Nh my s dng rt nhiu nc, nc dng cho v sinh thit b, x l nguyn

liu... Tu theo mc ch sn xut khc nhau m cht lng nc cng khc nhau.
Nhng ni chung nc s dng phi m bo cc yu cu sau:
- pH = 7-8.
- Khng c mi v l.
- Khng c cc cht c.
- Hm lng Fe2+, Fe3+ <= 5 (mg/l).
- Ch s coli <3.
- Chun s coli < 300.
- t hp cht hu c.
- Khng c vi sinh vt gy bnh.
m bo cht lng nc, trc khi a vo sn xut th nc phi qua x
l, s dng thit b tch Fe2+, Fe3+ , tch phn, tch mi v l...
1. Nc s dng cho qu trnh x l nguyn liu trc khi rang:
Vxl = 0,246 (m3/h) = 246 (l/h)
Vxl = 246 16 = 3936 (lt/ngy) = 3,936 (m3/ngy).
2. Nc dng cho ni hi:
Vnh = D vn.
Trong : - vn : th tch ring ca nc 23,30C; vn = 1002,680.10-6 (m3/kg).
D = 8453,742 (kg/h) lng hi s dng cho ni hi (xem phn tnh hi).
Vnh = 8453,742 1002,680 10-6 = 8,476 (m3/h) =135,616 (m3/ngy).

* Vy tng lng nc s dng cho sn xut l :
Vsx =Vxl + Vnh , (m3/ngy)
Vsx = 3,936 + 135,616 = 139,552 (m3/ngy).
9.2. Lng nc dng cho sinh hot.
+ Nc dng cho nh n :
- Tiu chun s dng 20 (lt/ngi/ngy)
- Tng s cn b cng nhn vin ca nh my trong ngy 132 ngi.
Vna = 20 132 = 2640 (lt/ngy) = 2,640 (m3/ngy).
+ Nc dng cho nh tm :
- Tiu chun 30 (lt/ngi/ngy).
Vnt = 132 30 = 3960 (lt/ngy) = 3,960 (m3/ngy).
Vsh = Vna+ Vnt = 2,640 + 3,960 = 6,600 (m3/ngy).
9.3. Nc dng ti cy xanh.
- Ly bng 10% lng nc sinh hot.
Vcx= 6,600 0,1 = 0,66 (m3/ngy).
9.4. Nc s dng v sinh thit b.
- Ly bng 10% lng nc sinh hot.
Vvs= 6,600 0,1 = 0,66 (m3/ngy).
9.5. Nc dng ra xe.
- Tiu chun 150 (lt/ngy).
Vrx = 5 150 = 750 (lt/ngy) = 0,75 (m3/ngy).
9.6. Nc dng cha chy.
- Tiu chun 2,5 (lt/s) tnh cho 3 gi.
Vcc= 2,5 3 3600 = 27 (m3).
9.7. Tng lng nc dng cho nh my trong ngy.
Vt = Vsx + Vsh + Vcx + Vvs + Vrx ; (m3/ngy).
Vt = 139,552 + 6,600 + 0,66 + 0,66 + 0,75 = 148,222 (m3/ngy).
9.8. Lng nc s dng cho 2 ngy sn xut.
V= 2 Vt = 2 148,222 = 296,444 (m3/ngy).
9.9. Kch thc b nc d tr.
- Chn kch thc b nc d tr cho 2 ngy sn xut :
Di: 16 (m); Rng: 12 (m); Cao: 6 (m).
9.10. i nc s dng cho nh my.
- i nc lm bng thp khng r, hnh tr ng.
- Lng nc cha trn i:
Vsd = Vt 20% + Vcc
= 148,222 20% + 27 = 56,644 (m3/ngy).
- Chn i nc hnh tr trn, bn knh R = 2 (m).

- Chiu cao i nc: H =
Vsd
56,644
=
= 2,004 (m).
2
3,14 9
R
Chn H = 2 (m). Do chiu cao ca phn xng l 12m, nn chn tng chiu
cao ca i nc l 14,5m.
9.11. Chn bm dng bm nc.
+ Chn 02 bm bm nc ln b d tr.
+ Chn 01 bm bm nc ln i nc.
+ S dng bm ly tm c cc thng s k thut nh [IV - 444] :
- K hiu bm: K.
- Nng sut bm: 8 - 290 (m3/h).
- Chiu cao ht: 4 - 5,5 (m).
- S vng quay: 1450 - 2900 (v/ph).
- Hiu sut bm: 0,85.
- p sut ton phn: 18 - 85 (m)
- Nhit : < 800C.
- Vt liu lm bm: gang.
C. TNH IN.
+ in dng cho nh my bao gm:
- in dng cho chiu sng.
- in dng cho cc ng c
+ Yu cu v chiu sng:
Trong thit k, chiu sng l vn quan trng, cn ch n cht lng ca
ri v hiu qu chiu sng i vi cng trnh. m bo cht lng quang
thng, mu sc nh sng v phng php phi quang. ng thi m bo sng
ti thiu Emin. Ta c bng sau.
9.1. chiu sng ti thiu Emin.
Bng 9.1. chiu sng ti thiu Emin ca tng phng [XII - 43]:
STT Tn cng trnh.
Emin
Loi n s dng
Nh sn xut chnh v ph.
30
Hunh quang
Nh n.
20
Hunh quang
Nh hnh chnh.
30
Hunh quang
Sn cha nguyn liu ban u.
20
Dy tc
20
Dy tc
Kho bo qun c ph rang, xay.
20
Dy tc
Xng c kh.
20
Dy tc
Kho bao b.
10
Dy tc
Nh bo v.
10
Dy tc
10
Nh xe cng nhn vin.
Dy tc
11
Ga ra t.
10
Dy tc
12
L hi.
10
Dy tc
13
Bi cha v.
Dy tc
14
Trm bin th v my pht d phng.
10
Dy tc
15
Nh bm nc.
10
Dy tc
16
Nh tm v nh v sinh.
Dy tc
17
Khu x l nc thi.
10
Dy tc
18
Kho nhin liu.
Dy tc
19
i nc v b cu ho.
Dy tc
20
B nc d tr.
Dy tc
9.2. Phng php tnh cng sut n.

C th dng nhiu phng php nh:
+ Phng php cng sut chiu sng ring.
+ Phng php tnh theo h s s dng quan thng ( chnh xc).
n gin dng phng php cng sut chiu sng ring: theo phng php
ny n gin, tnh ton nhanh chng tu theo ri yu cu (Emin), din tch gian
phng (Sp) kiu n v chiu cao tnh ton ta c cng sut tiu chun chiu sng
Ptc(W/m2). Vi cng sut mi bng n P ta c c s n cn dng :
n=
Ptc S p
pd
Pcs
.
Pd
Trong : - n: s bng n.
- Sp: din tch phng (m2).
- Ptc: cng sut chiu sng tiu chun trn mt n v din tch (W/m2).
- Pcs: cng sut chiu sng cho mt cng trnh (W).
- P: cng sut mi bng n quy nh dy tc l 100 (W), n hunh
quang l 40 (W).
+ Tnh in chiu sng cho sn cha nguyn liu ban u:
- Emin = 20 (LUX).
- S = 520 (m2).
- Chiu cao: 4,8 (m).
+ Tra bng cng sut ring ta c: Ptc = 5,6 (W/m2).
+ Cng sut chiu sng ton b din tch :
Pcs = 5,6 520 = 2912 (W).
+ Cng sut mi bng n 100 (W).
+ S lng n cn dng: n =
Pcs 2912
=
= 2,912 (ci).
Pd
100
+ Chn s lng bng n: 30 (ci).

Cng sut chiu cho ton b sn cha nguyn liu ban u :
Ptt = 30 100 = 3000 (W).
Tng t nh vy ta tnh cho cc cng trnh khc nh sau :
Bng 9.2. Tng kt tnh in cho cc cng trnh ca nh my:

Tn cng trnh.
Stt
Emin
Ptc
Pcs
Ptt
01
30
864
6,6 5702,4
40
143
5720
02
Nh n.
20
144
5,8
835,2
40
21
840
03
Nh hnh chnh.
30
144
4,8
691,2
40
18
720
04
20
520
5,6
2912
100
30
3000
05
20
432
6,5
2808
100
29
2900
06
20
42
4,5
189
100
200
07
Xng c kh.
20
72
5,6
403,2
100
500
08
Kho bao b.
10
36
4,3
154,8
100
200
09
Nh bo v.
10
24
6,6
158,4
100
200
10
Nh xe cng nhn vin.
64
2,4
153,6
100
200
11
Ga ra t.
10
144
576
100
900
12
L hi.
10
36
4,3
154,8
100
200
13
Bi cha v.
96
384
100
400
14
Trm b.th v my pht dphng
10
16
96
100
100
15
Nh bm nc.
10
24
6,6
158,4
100
200
16
Nh tm v nh v sinh.
24
72
100
300
17
Khu x l nc thi.
10
72
432
100
500
18
Kho nhin liu.
144
432
100
500
19
i nc v b cu ho.
72
5,3
381,6
100
400
20
B nc d tr.
192
576
100
600
Tng cng Pcs
18580
Cng sut chiu sng cho cc cng trnh trong nh my l :

Pcs = 18580 (W/h) = 18,580 (Kw/h).
Ngoi ra, ta cn chiu sng cho giao thng trong nh my v chiu sng xung
quanh nh my, c 15 m ng i ta lp t mt n dy tc chiu sng. Din tch
giao thng trong nh my l 1800 m2. Ta chn s n cho chiu sng l 15 bng,
cng sut cho chiu sng giao thng l 1500 (W/h) = 1,5 (Kw/h). Nh my c chiu
di 120 m, chiu rng 100 m, chu vi l 440 m. Ta chn c 20 m chiu di ta t mt
bng n dy tc. S n cho chiu sng xung quanh nh my l 22 bng, vi cng
sut l 2,2 (Kw/h).
Tng cng sut tiu th cho chiu sng: Pcs = 18,58 + 1,5 + 2,2 = 22,280 (Kw/h).
9.3. Xc nh ph ti ng lc.
Theo kt qu phn tnh ton v chn thit b, cng sut ng c ta c :
STT Cc loi ph ti
Cng sut (Kw)
My sy.
8,74
02
17,48
Sng nguyn liu sau sy.
02
My xt kh.
1,2
02
2,4
My nh bng.
1,5
02
3,0
My PL theo kch thc.
0,6
02
1,2
My PL theo trng lng.
02
My trn c ph nhn.
3,5
02
Sng tp cht.
2,5
01
2,5
My rang c ph.
2,5
03
7,5
10
Bng ti lm ngui.
0,6
01
0,6
11
My xay
12
01
12
12
My trn c ph rang.
01
13
My ng gi
1,5
01
1,5
14
Gu ti
0,5
44
22
15
Vt ti
0,5
31
15,5
16
Tng cng (Pl):
S lng(Kw) Tng CS(Kw)
102,68
Vy tng cng sut ng lc: Pl = 102,68 (Kw).

9.4. Xc nh ph ti tnh ton.
9.4.1. Ph ti tnh ton cho ng lc:
Ptt1 = Kl1 Pl.
Trong :
- Kl1: h s ph thuc vo mc mang ti ca cc thit b v s lm vic
khng ng thi ca cc thit b; Kl1 = 0,5 - 0,6; Chn Kl1 = 0,6.
Ptt1 = 0,6 102,68 = 61,608 (Kw/h).
9.4.2. Ph ti tnh ton cho chiu sng:
Ptt2 = Kl2 Pcs.
Kl1 = 0,9: H s khng ng b ca cc n.
Ptt2 = 0,9 22,8 = 20,520 (Kw/h).
9.4.3. Ph ti tnh ton m nh my nhn nhn t cun th cp ca trm
bin p s l:
Ptt = Ptt1 + Ptt2 = 61,608 + 20,520 = 82,128 (Kw/h).
9.4.4. Tnh in nng tiu th hng nm:
1. in nng chiu sng: Acs = Pcs T.
Trong : -T: thi gian s dng ti a (h); T = K1 K2 K3.
- K1: thi gian thp sng trong ngy (h)
+ Nh hnh chnh; K1 = 1-2 (h)
+ Phn xng lm vic 2 ca; K1 = 2-3 (h)
+ Phn xng lm vic 3 ca; K1 = 12 -13 (h)
n gin tnh ton, chn chn trung bnh thi gian chiu sng trong ngy ton
b nh my 8 (h).
- K2 : s ngy lm vic trung bnh trong mt thng; K2 = 25 (ngy).
- K3 : s thng lm vic trong nm; K3 = 11 (thng).
Acs = 22,8 8 25 11 = 50160 (Kw).
2. in nng cho ng lc: Al = Kc Pl T.

Trong : - T: thi gian lm vic ca cc thit b; chn T = 16 (h).
- Kc = 0,6 - 0,7: h s cn dng; chn Kc = 0,7.
Al = 0,7 102,68 16 11 25 = 316254,400 (Kw).
3. in nng tiu th hng nm:
A = Acs + Al = 50160 + 316254,400 = 366414,400 (Kw).
4. Tng in nng tiu th thc t nh my trong mt nm:

Att = A Khp.
Khp = 1,05: h s hao ph bin p v cc hao ph khc.
Att = 366414,400 1,05 = 384735,120 (Kw).
9.4.5. Xc nh h s cng sut v dung lng b:
1. Xc nh h s cng sut:
cos tb =
P
( P) 2 + (
+ P: Tng cng sut tc dng ln ph ti tiu th nh my

+ Q: Tng cng sut phn khng ca cc thit b tiu th t li in.
Q = Q
+ Q 2 = Pcs tg1 + Pl tg2.
Vi: - 1; 2: gc lch pha gia in p v dng in qua ph ti.

+ i vi ph ti chiu sng:
Cos1= 0,95 - 0,98; chn Cos1= 0,96 tg1= 0,29.
+ i vi ph ti ng lc:
Cos2= 0,8 - 0,85; chn Cos2 = 0,82 tg2 = 0,7.
Q = 22,8 0,29 + 102,68 0,7 = 78,488 (Kw/h).

P = Pcs+ Pl = 22,8 +102,68 = 125,480(Kw/h).
cos tb =
125,480
(125,480) 2 + (78,488)
= 0,848 .
2.Tnh dung lng b:

Qb = P (tg0 - tg) (Kw/h).
Trong : - P =
P =125,480 (Kw/h).
- : gc lch pha gia dng in v hiu in th trm bin p xung

cn 220/380 V.
- cos = 0,97 tg = 0,25.
- Cos0 = 0,86 tg = 0,62.
Qb = 125,480 (0,62 - 0,25) = 46,428 (Kw/h).

3. Chn t b:
+ Chn t ba pha k hiu R50- 24-4 [XIII - 288] c cc thng s:
- in p lm vic: 220-380 [V].
- Cng sut: q = 25K.V.A.
- in dung: C = 29 F.
+ S t in cn dng: n =
Q b 46,428
=
= 1,857 chn 2 t.
q
25
4. H s cos sau khi b:

tg =
Q Q
P P
Trong - Pk = (0,3-0,5%) n q.
chn Pk = 0,004 n q = 0,004 2 25 = 0,2.
tg =
78,488 46,428
= 0,256
125,480 0,2
cos = 0,939.
5. Chn my bin p:
S=
cos
125,480
= 133,632 (K.V.A).
0,939
Chn mt my bin p ba pha hai cun dy [XIII-180].

+ K hiu my: TM- 180/10.
+ Dung lng nh mc: 180 [K.V.A].
6. Chn my pht in d phng:
m bo cho nh my c hot ng lin tc ta chon thm mt my pht
in d phng chy bng du FO.
PHN X:
TNH KINH T.
A. TNH CHO XY DNG.
1. Vn u t vo xy dng:
Tn cng trnh.
STT
DT (m2)
n gi (tr. ).
T.Tin (tr. ).
01
864
1,2
1036,800
02
Nh n.
144
0,6
86,400
03
Nh hnh chnh.
144
1,2
172,800
04
520
0,5
260
05
Sn phi nguyn liu
2300
0,5
1150
05
432
0,9
388,800
06
42
0,9
37,800
07
Xng c kh.
72
0,8
57,600
08
Kho bao b.
36
0,8
28,800
09
Nh bo v.
24
0,6
14,400
10
Nh xe cng nhn vin.
64
0,7
44,800
11
Ga ra t.
144
0,5
72
12
L hi.
36
0,6
21,600
13
Bi cha v.
96
0,2
19,200
14
Trm in v my pht d phng.
16
0,5
15
Nh bm nc.
24
0,7
16,800
16
Nh tm v nh v sinh.
24
0,7
16,800
17
Khu x l nc thi.
72
0,5
36
18
Kho nhin liu.
144
0,5
72
19
i nc v b cu ho.
36
0,9
32,400
20
B nc d tr.
192
0,6
115,200
21
ng ni b.
1200
0,2
240
22
Cy xanh trong nh my.
1200
0,1
120
23
Ging khoan.
Tng cng (X1)
15
4063,200
2. Tng vn u t xy dng:
X1 = 4063,200 (tr.ng).
3. Vn u t thm d thit k 5%X1:
X2 = 0,5 X1 = 0,5 4063,200 = 2031,600 (tr.ng).
4. Tng s vn xy dng:
X = X1+ X2 = 4063,200 + 2031,600 = 6094,800 (tr.ng).
4. Khu hao cho cc cng trnh xy dng trong mt nm:
Ax = ax X
Trong : - ax: h s khu hao trung bnh; chn ax = 4%.
Ax = 0,04 X = 0,04 6094,800 = 243,792 (tr.ng).
B. TNH CHO TRANG THIT B TRONG NH MY.
1. Vn mua thit b chnh.

Tn thit b
STT
S lng
(ci)
n gi
(tr.ng)
Thnh tin
(tr.ng)
01
My sy
02
200
400
02
Sng nguyn liu sau sy.
02
100
200
03
My xt kh.
02
150
300
04
My nh bng.
02
150
300
05
My PL theo kch thc.
02
400
800
06
My PL theo trng lng.
02
70
140
07
My PL theo mu sc
02
600
1200
08
Sng tp cht.
01
50
50
09
My rang c ph.
03
1200
3600
10
Bng ti lm ngui.
01
10
10
11
My xay.
01
250
250
12
My phi trn.
01
250
250
13
My ng gi.
01
220
220
14
Xil cha
13
52
15
Gu ti.
44
50
2200
16
Vt ti.
31
50
1550
17
Cn nguyn liu.
03
150
450
18
Xe ti.
04
250
1000
19
Xe con.
01
350
350
20
Bm nc.
02
15
30
21
L hi.
02
300
600
22
My bin p.
01
300
300
223
My pht in.
01
300
300
Tng cng T1
14552
2. Tng vn u t cho thit b chnh nh my:

T1 = 14552 (tr.ng).
3. Vn u t mua thit b ph khc 5%T1:
T2 = 0,05 T1 = 0,05 14552 = 727,600 (tr.ng)

4. Vn u t mua thit b phng KCS v bo h lao ng 10%T1:
T3 = 0,1 T1 = 0,1 14552 = 1455,200 (tr.ng)
5. Chi ph vn chuyn lp rp 5%T1:
T4 = 0,05 T1 = 0,05 14552 = 727,600 (tr.ng).
6. Tng vn u t cho thit b:
T = T1+ T2 + T3 + T4 = 14552 + 727,600 +1455,200 + 727,600
= 17462,400 (tr.ng).
7. Khu hao cho thit b 10%T:
Atb = 0,1 17462,400 = 1746,240 (tr.ng).
8. Tng s vn c nh ca nh my:
Vcd = X + T = 6094,800 + 17462,400 = 23557,200 (tr.ng).
9. Khu hao cho ti sn c nh:
Akh = Ax + Atb = 243,792 + 1746,240 = 1990,032 (tr.ng)
C. VN LU NG.
Gm cc chi ph v nguyn liu, nhin liu, nng lng, lng cng nhn vin,
khu hao ti sn c nh.
1. Tin lng cho cn b cng nhn vin trong nh my.
1.1. Tin lng cho cn b lnh o v nhn vin hnh chnh:
+ Tin lng cho gim c: 3 (tr.ng/thng).
Tin lng cho gim c trong nm:
K1 = 3 12 = 36 (tr.ng/nm).
+ Tin lng cho ph gim c: 2,5 (tr.ng/thng).
Tng tin lng cho ph gim c trong nm:
K2 = 2,5 2 12 = 60 (tr.ng/nm).
+ Tin lng cho nhn vin hnh chnh: 1,5 (tr.ng/thng).
S nhn vin hnh chnh: 20 (ngi).
Tng tin lng nhn vin hnh chnh trong nm:
K3 = 1,5 20 12 = 360 (tr.ng/nm).
1.2. Tin lng cho cng nhn:

+ Lng cho cng nhn nh my ly trung bnh 1,2 (tr.ng/thng);
(tnh cho cng nhn bin ch).
+ S lng cng nhn nh my: 132 - 23 = 109 (ngi).
+ Tng lng cho cng nhn nh my trong nm :
K4 = 109 1,2 12 = 1569,600 (tr.ng/nm).
+ Lng cho cng nhn lao ng hp ng theo thi v :
Tnh trung bnh 1,2 (tr.ng/ngi).
+ Tng tin lng cho cng nhn lao ng hp ng trong nm:
K5 = 28 1,2 11 = 369,600 (tr. ng/nm).
1.3. Tng tin lng cho ton b cng nhn vin nh my:
K = K1 + K2 + K3 + K4 + K5 = 36 + 60 + 360 +1569,600 + 369,600
= 2395,200 (tr. ng/nm).
2. Bo him x hi.
Tin bo him x hi v bo him y t tnh bng 5% K.
K6 = 0,05 2395,200 = 119,760 (tr. ng/nm).
3. Tin ph cp v khen thng nh my 5%K.
K7 = 0,05 2395,200 = 119,760 (tr. ng/nm).
4. Tng tin lng v cc chi ph khc nh my phi chi trong nm.
Kcb = K + K6 + K7 = 2395,200 + 119,760 + 119,760
= 2634,720 (tr. ng/nm).
5. Chi ph cho sn xut.
5.1. Chi ph mua nguyn liu c ph qu ti:
Nh my c nng sut 120000 kg sn phm c ph nhn/ngy cn bng vt Mi
nm nh my sn xut 275 ngy nn lng nguyn liu cn mua l: 33000000.
n gi: 3000 (ng/kg).
Chi ph mua nguyn liu c ph qu ti:
M = 33000000 3000= 99000 (tr.ng/nm).
5.2. Tin mua nhin liu :
Nh my s dng du FO sn xut.
Du FO: + n gi: 7500 (/lt).
+ S lng du dng trong nm: 1483396,200 (lt/nm). (Tnh
phn hi). Vy tng chi ph cho du FO:
N1 = 1483396,200 7500 = 11125,472 (tr.ng).
Chi ph nhin liu xng:
+ n gi: 9500 (/ lt).
+ Lng xng dng cho xe con trong 1 nm: 2750 (lt/nm).(Tnh
phn hi). Vy tng chi ph mua xng:
N2 = 2750 9500 = 26,125 (tr.ng/nm).
+ Tng tin mua nhin liu:
N = N1 + N2 = 11125,472 + 26,125 = 11151,597 (tr.ng / nm).
5.3. Tin in s dng trong mt nm:
+ n gi: 1500 (ng/Kw).
+ Lng in nh my s dng trong mt nm: 384735,120 (Kw)
+ Chi ph in: D = 1500 384735,120 = 577,103 (tr.ng /nm).
5.4. Chi ph cho bao b v ho cht:
Tnh cho 2% chi ph nguyn liu: Mbb = 0,02 99000 = 1980 (tr.ng).
5.5. Tng chi ph cho sn xut:
Msx = M + N + D + Mbb = 99000 + 11151,597 + 577,103 + 1980
= 112708,700 (tr.ng).
6. Tng chi ph ton b ca nh my trong qu trnh hot ng trong nm.
+ Chi ph qun l nh my, v cc chi ph khc:
Mql = 3%Msx = 112708,700 0,03 = 3381,261 (tr.ng).
Vy ta c chi ph ton b ca nh my trong qu trnh hot ng mt nm l :
Mnxs = Msx+ Mql + Akh + Kcb
= 112708,700 + 3381,261 + 1990,032 + 2634,720
= 120714,713 (tr.ng).
7. Doanh thu ca nh my.

+ Hin nay gi c ph nhn sn xut theo phng php kh dao ng
mc15000 - 20000 (ng/kg). Chn trung bnh 15000 (ng/kg).
+ Lng c ph nhn ca nh my thu c tr lng c ph em i rang
xay (cho c 3 loi c ph) l: 2327,753 200 = 2127,753 (kg/h).
+ Doanh thu ca nh my t c ph nhn l:
2127,753 16 275 15000 = 140431,698 (tr.ng/nm).
+ Gi c ph rang xay hin nay 30000 - 40000 (ng/kg). Chn trung bnh
35000 (ng/kg).
+ Doanh thu t c ph rang xay:
200 16 275 35000 = 30800 (tr.ng/nm).
+ Tng doanh thu ca nh my trong mt nm l:
140431,698 + 30800 = 171231,698 (tr.dng).
8. Np ngn sch nh nc.
+ Np ngn sch cho nh nc c trch ra 25%; km theo 10% thu
GTGT so vi tng doanh thu ca nh my trong mt nm:
+ Chi ph cho np ngn sch l:
NS = (0,25 + 0,1) 171231,698 = 59931,094 (tr.ng).
9. Li nhun ca nh my.
+ Li nhun ca nh my c tnh theo khon tha ra trong mt nm:
L = 171231,698 120714,713 - 59931,094 = 9414,109 (tr.ng).
+ Thi gian thu hi vn: T =
Vcd 23557,200
=
= 2,502
L
9414,109
Trong : - Vcd : tng vn c nh ca nh my; Vcd = 23557,200 (tr.ng).

+ Vy thi gian nh my thu hi vn u t l 2 nm, 6 thng 7 ngy.
PHN XI:
AN TON LAO NG V V SINH CNG NGHIP.

1. An ton lao ng.
Vic bo m an ton lao ng trong sn xut ng vai tr quan trng ht
sc, n nh hng n tin trnh sn xut v tnh mng con ngi. V vy vic m
bo sc kho cho cng nhn, to iu kin lm vic trong mi trng tt, hn ch
tai nn xy ra cng nh bnh ngh nghip. Do , vn an ton lao ng ca nh
my thc phm ni ring, v tt c cc nh my sn xut ni chung l mt vn
cp bch v lun c t ln hng u.
1.1. Nhng nguyn nhn gy tai nn:
+ T chc lao ng khng cht ch.
+ Vn hnh thit b khng ng qui nh.
+ Cc thit b bo h khng an ton.
+ S trang b v b tr qui trnh thit b khng hp l.
+ thc chp hnh ca cng nhn vin trong nh my cha cao.
1.2. Nhng bin php hn ch v yu cu c th v an ton:
+ K thut lao ng trong nh my:
Cng nhn lao ng trong phn xng cn ch :
- n nhn ca ng gi, giao nhn ca t m nm c tnh hnh hot
ng ca thit b v din bin cng ngh.
- Nm vng quy trnh vn hnh v thng s k thut ca thit b.
- Tc phong lm vic nghim tc, trong khi lm vic khng qua li khu
vc ngi khc thao tc.
- Khi cha c phn cng ca ngi qun l sn xut, khng c t
ng in ch my chy, khng c m van trn ng ng.
- Khi thao tc phi theo di din bin ca thit b, thng s cng ngh,
x l kp thi hoc bo co cho t trng, trng ca sn xut.
- Phi thng xuyn ch gi gn v sinh khu vc lm vicc.
+ An ton v in:
- m bo cch in tuyt i cc ng dy dn. ng dy cao th

phi c h thng bo him, phi thng xuyn kim tra ng dy. ng dy chy
trong nh phi bao bc cch in hon ton.
- i vi cc thit b cn phi m bo an ton cho nhng b phn
mang in khc phi m bo an ton khi tip xc vi phn kim loi khc trong
thit b khi bt ng c in, nn dng bin php ni tip t, ni cu ch trnh
hin tng chp mch, c n bo ha.
- Khi pht hin nhng s c in, h hi ng dy cn phi kp thi
sa cha.
- Ngi khng c trch nhim khng nn t s dng cc dng c sa
cha in, cng nhn in phi trang b y qun o v dng c bo h.
- Trc khi ng, ngt in cn kim tra iu kin, thit b.
- Nh sn xut cn b tr ca thch hp thot ra khi ho hon, trm
bin p, my pht phi c bin bo v cnh xa khu vc sn xut.
+ An ton khi s dng cc thit b ng c:
My mc phi s dng ng chc nng, ng cng sut yu cu, trnh
qu ti thit b. Nu c h hng cn dng my ngay sa cha kp thi.
+ An ton phng th nghim:
- Cn thn khi tin hnh lm th nghim, khng c s dng thit b khi
cha nm r nguyn tc s dng.
- Tt c cc chai l ng ho cht phi c nhn ghi trnh nhm ln.
- Khng c ht ho cht bng ming m phi ht bng pipet.
- Khng c ngi ho cht .
- Khi s dng nhng ho cht d chy cn ch :
Khng ra ngoi.
Khng lm vic cnh ngn la.
Khng ho cht d chy cnh nhn la.
+ Phng chy, cha chy:
- Tt c cc phn xng, kho phi c dng c phng chy cha chy.
- Trc khi ng ca kho cn kim tra cn thn cc cng tc in
phng c s c v in gy ra ha hon.
- Khng cht d chy gn ni d pht la.

2. V sinh cng nghip:
Trong cc nh my thc phm, cng tc v sinh x nghip c bit c coi
trng. my c hot ng tt, sn phm khng b ly nhim vi sinh vt th ta
phi c ch v sinh nh k. Bn cnh , vn v sinh x nghip cn c nh
hng n sc kho ca con ngi v ng thi nng cao nng sut lao ng ca
cng nhn.
Ni dung ch yu ca cng tc v sinh x nghip l:
2.1. Cp thot nc:
+ Vic cp thot nc trong nh my thc phm l mt yu cu ln khng
th thiu c trong sn xut, v cc l do sau:
- Thiu nc quy trnh sn xut s b nh tr, sn phm c nguy c h
hng v cht lng s b gim st, do vy nh my phi c cung cp nc y
.
- Trong nh my thng xuyn thi ra mt lng ln nc thi ln, l
mi trng tt vi sinh vt sinh trng v pht trin, do vy phi c h thng ng
cng thot nc v nc thi phi c x l trc khi thi ra ngoi.
2.2. Nh ca v thit b :
+ Nn nh phi c sch s, h thng ca cn phi c h thng thng gi
cho nh my.
+ i vi cc thit b phi c v sinh thng xuyn, v du m nh k
trc v sau mi ca sn xut.
2.3. Khng kh v nh sng :
Nh xng phi thong mt, sch s, kh ro, nh sng cho sn xut v
yu cu phn xng phi c b tr gn p.
2.4.V sinh thit b :
m bo cho cc thit b c hot ng tt ta cn phi c ch v sinh nh
k, trnh s pht trin ca vi sinh vt lm nh hng n cht lng ca sn
phm.
2.5. V sinh cng nhn :
Cng nhn trc khi vo sn xut phi thc hin y cc quy nh v v sinh
ca nh my ra: eo khu trang, mc o qun bo h lao ng, ...
PHN XII:
KT LUN.
Vi nhim v c giao: Thit k nh my ch bin c ph nhn bng
phng php kh c nng sut 60 tn c ph qu ti/ca v phn xng ph sn
xut c ph rang xay c nng sut 1600 kg sn phm/ca.
Sau 15 tun lm vic nghim tc, vi s hng dn tn tnh ca thy gio,
cng vi s quan tm to iu kin ca cc thy c, cc bn sinh vin trong nh
trng, ti ny v c bn c hon thnh. Khi thit k ti tham kho mt
s ti liu, c gng p dng quy trnh cng ngh, la chn thit b sn xut ph hp
vi iu kin t nhin, iu kin kinh t v nng sut ca nh my. Vi ti ny
gip ti hiu su hn v k thut ch bin c ph, khi c iu kin p dng vo
thc t ti s rt c ch.
Khi c iu kin p dng vo thc t xy dng ln nh my c nng sut
cao, cht lng c ph tt t tiu chun xut khu, em li ngun ngoi t ln,
ng thi gii quyt c cng n vic lm cho hng trm nhn cng, gp phn vo
cng cuc xy dng v i mi t nc, tr thnh mt t nc c nn cng
nghip pht trin. ti ny c hon thnh nh s ch dn tn tnh ca thy gio
hng dn, qua s c gng ca bn thn. Tuy nhin, do thi gian c hn, ti liu
tham kho t i v vn kin thc cn hn ch, nn ti hon thnh nhng khng
trnh khi nhng thiu st. Knh mong s gip , ch dn v ng gp ca cc
thy c ti ny c hon thin hn.
TI LIU THAM KHO.

I. K thut sn xut c ph.
Nguyn Quang Th (1968).
NXB: Trng i Hc cng nghip nh.
II. K thut ch bin c ph.
Hong Minh Trang(1983).
NXB: Nng nghip.
III.K thut trng v thu hoch c ph xut khu.
L Quang Hng (1999).
NXB: Gio dc.
IV. S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho cht - Tp1.
Trn Xoa, Nguyn Trng Khung, H L Vin (1999).
NXB: Khoa hc v k thut H Ni
V. C s cc qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho hc - Tp 1.
Trng i, Nguyn Trng Khung, Trn Quang Tho, V Th Ngc
Ti, Trn Xoa (1992).
NXB: i hc v trung hc chuyn nghip.
VI. K thut v cng ngh sy cc sn phm thc phm.
Nguyn Th (1991).
NXB: Nng.
VII. K thut sy nng sn.
Trn Vn Ph (1991).
NXB: Khoa hc k thut H Ni.
VIII. Tnh ton v thit k h thng sy.
Trn Vn Ph.
NXB: Gio dc.
IX. C s cc qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho hc-Tp 1.
Trng i, Nguyn Trng Khung, Trn Quang Tho, V Th Ngc
Ti, Trn Xoa.
NXB: i hc v trung hc chuyn nghip.

X. Cng Ngh v cc my ch bin lng thc.
on D, Bi c Hi, Mai Vn L, Nguyn Nh Thung (1983).
NXB: Khoa hc v k thut H Ni.
XI. S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho cht - Tp2.
Trn Xoa, Nguyn Trng Khung, H L Vin.
NXB: Khoa hc v k thut H Ni.
XII. S tay k thut ni hi Tp 1.
NXB: Khoa hc v k khut - H Ni 1985.
XIII. Thit k cp in.
NXB: Khoa hc v k khut - H Ni 1998.
XIV. http://www.docudesk.com

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- 1 - Thit k nh my sn xut c ph nhn

n Tt ngip Ngnh Cng Ngh Thc Phm

L Th Thu Hiu - Lp 01H2B

- 2 - Thit k nh my sn xut c ph nhn

n Tt ngip Ngnh Cng Ngh Thc Phm

L Th Thu Hiu - Lp 01H2B

- 3 - Thit k nh my sn xut c ph nhn

n Tt ngip Ngnh Cng Ngh Thc Phm

L Th Thu Hiu - Lp 01H2B

- 4 - Thit k nh my sn xut c ph nhn

LP LUN KINH T K THUT.

n Tt ngip Ngnh Cng Ngh Thc Phm

L Th Thu Hiu - Lp 01H2B

- 5 - Thit k nh my sn xut c ph nhn

Daklak l mt Tnh c nhiu huyn trng c ph nh: MaDrak, Krngbng,

n Tt ngip Ngnh Cng Ngh Thc Phm

L Th Thu Hiu - Lp 01H2B

- 6 - Thit k nh my sn xut c ph nhn

+ Nc: Ngun nc ca nh my c bm t ging khoan sau c qua

n Tt ngip Ngnh Cng Ngh Thc Phm

L Th Thu Hiu - Lp 01H2B

- 7 - Thit k nh my sn xut c ph nhn

TNG QUAN V NGUYN LIU

n Tt ngip Ngnh Cng Ngh Thc Phm

L Th Thu Hiu - Lp 01H2B

- 8 - Thit k nh my sn xut c ph nhn

mu vng ng knh qu 10-15 mm. S lng qu 800-1200 qu/kg, thi gian

n Tt ngip Ngnh Cng Ngh Thc Phm

L Th Thu Hiu - Lp 01H2B

- 9 - Thit k nh my sn xut c ph nhn

thng 12 n thng 2. c bit loi c ph Robusta khng ra hoa kt qu ti cc mt

2.Lp tht v tht.

n Tt ngip Ngnh Cng Ngh Thc Phm

L Th Thu Hiu - Lp 01H2B

- 10 - Thit k nh my sn xut c ph nhn

Lp v qu: l lp v ngoi, mm, ngoi b c mu , v c ph ch mm hn

3.4.2.Thnh phn ha hc ca cc phn cu to qu c ph.

n Tt ngip Ngnh Cng Ngh Thc Phm

L Th Thu Hiu - Lp 01H2B

- 11 - Thit k nh my sn xut c ph nhn

Bng 3.2: Thnh phn ha hc ca v qu ( tnh theo % trong 1 g):

- Hp cht khng c Nit

3.4.2.2.Thnh phn ha hc ca lp nht.

pH ca lp nht ty theo chn ca qu thng t: 5,6-5,7 i lc ln ti

n Tt ngip Ngnh Cng Ngh Thc Phm

L Th Thu Hiu - Lp 01H2B

- 12 - Thit k nh my sn xut c ph nhn

Bng 3.4. Thnh phn ha hc ca nhn c ph.

Tnh bng g/100g

Tnh bng mg/100g

n Tt ngip Ngnh Cng Ngh Thc Phm

L Th Thu Hiu - Lp 01H2B

- 13 - Thit k nh my sn xut c ph nhn

Cu to ca c ph nhn chu nh hng bi chng c ph, chn ca qu, iu

Mt s cc yu t nh hng n cht lng c ph.

t trng c ph c nh hng rt ln n mi v v mu sc ca c ph. Nu c

n Tt ngip Ngnh Cng Ngh Thc Phm

L Th Thu Hiu - Lp 01H2B

- 14 - Thit k nh my sn xut c ph nhn

n Tt ngip Ngnh Cng Ngh Thc Phm

L Th Thu Hiu - Lp 01H2B

- 15 - Thit k nh my sn xut c ph nhn