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TRNG I HC HNG VNG TPHCM KHOA CNG NGH SAU THU HOCH

MN HC: CNG NGH ENZYME GV: Th.S L THANH HI

TI: NG

DNG CA ENZYME VO Y HC

Thc hin: Hunh Th Thy An Mai Th Kim Hnh

NI DUNG CHNH
I. ng dng ca enzyme amylase
II. ng dng ca enzyme trong y hc

I. ng dng ca enzyme amylase


1. ng dng enzym amylase trong sn xut cht ty ra

2. ng dng ca enzyme amylase trong y hc v dc

phm 3. ng dung enzyme amylase trong chun on vim ty cp tr em 4. ng dng ca enzyme amylase trong sn xut cng nghip

1. ng dng enzym amylase trong sn xut cht ty ra


Cht ty ra bao gm nhng cht kim, sodium silicate,

sodium bicarbonate, sodium tripolyphosphate. Enzyme -amylase ca vi khun l mt trong nhng enzyme thng c ng dng trong cng nghip sn xut cht ty ra.

2. ng dng ca enzyme amylase trong y hc v dc phm


Vai tr ca enzyme amylase trong tiu ha
amylase

Tinh bt

Thy phn -1,4 ca amylose

Dextrin + maltose +glucose

Dextrin

-1,6 glucosidase
Thy phn -1,6 ca amylospectin

Maltose + glucose

Maltose

glucosidase (maltase)

2 glucose

Lactose

glucosidase (lactase)

Glucose + galactose

Suctose fructofuranisidase (sucrase)

Glucose + fructose

3. ng dung enzyme amylase chun on vim ty cp tr em


i tng:

trong

Enzyme s-amylase
P-amylase Lipre

S-amylase v Lipre
P-amylase v Lipre
Theo nghin cu ngi ta nhn thy:

Vi im ct: S-AM =400 u\l; P-AM=150 u\l th gi tr ca enzyme S-amylase, P- amylase, lipre mu trong chun on vim ty cp tr em ng tin cy v t gi tr cao nht.

4. ng dng ca enzyme amylase trong sn xut cng nghip


a. Trong cng nghip sn xut bt ngt
Nguyn liu s dng ch yu : Tinh bt sn, r ng ma.

A-amylase Tinh bt Dextrin + maltose + glucose Thu phn A-1,4 amylose B-amylase Tinh bt (glucogen) Maltose + B dextrin

b. Trong sn xut glucoza v mt


T tinh bt c th thu c cc sn phm ng khc nhau khi thy phn tinh bt bng Enzym amylase s thu c mt.

c. Trong cng nghip sn xut bia: Cc chng vi sinh vt s dng :

Saccharomyces cerevisizae ( ln men ni) Saccharomyces cerevisidae ( Ln men chm) Trong cng ngh sn xut bia, ngi ta thng

s dng enzyme amylase c trong mm i mch.

d. Trong sn xut bnh ko Lm tng mi v v bnh, khi ch bin bt thnh cc

loi bnh quy cc Enzyme protease v amylase ca bt hot ng lm tng hm lng cc amino acid t do v lm tng lng ng kh. ng kh v cc amino acid t do c trong khi bt s cng tham gia vo cc phn ng oxy - ha kh v kt qu to cho bnh quy c mi, v mu hp dn.

II. ng dng ca enzyme trong y hc


1. ng dng ca enzyme trong cha bnh: 2. ng dng ca enzyme trong chn on bnh

1. ng dng ca enzyme trong cha bnh:


a. Enzyme c nh:

Ngi ta c tng lm thn nhn to .Trong thit b

nhn to ny , urease v ht resin hp th hay than ch c kt thnh nang vi nhau. Khi urea s b urease phn hy to thnh ammonia, ammonia s c hp th trong cc vi nang

Ngoi ra cn c mt s ng dng:
Vi tiu cu cha catalaza c th thay th mt

cch hiu qu cc catalaza cn thiu trong c.


a vi tiu cu c gn enzyme L-asparaginaza

vo c th , c kh nng c ch s pht trin ca mt s u c tnh bi s pht trin ca cc u ny ph thuc vo s c mt ca L-asparagin.

b. Enzyme t ngun thc vt


Bromelin:

Vai tr h tr tiu ha.


Lm lnh vt thng. Gim au nhc c.

Chng ri lon tim mch.

b. Enzyme t ngun thc vt (tt)


Papain v Chymopapain: o C kh nng gim c i vi toxin v toxanpunin.

o Nha papain th dng iu tr ri lon tiu ha do

thiu men, gip tiu ha tt cht m trong thc n, lm thuc ty nhiu loi giun. o C tc dng nga thai v gy sy thai do hot tnh ca n i vi progesteron ca thai ph. o Chit xut papain c dng trong phu thut ct sng nh l mt loi dao phu thut t nhin m a m ct sng. o c dng iu tr l lot, lm tiu gii trong bnh bch hu, chng kt dnh sau phu thut.

c. Enzyme t ngun ng vt
Pepsin: c ng dng cha bnh km tiu ha.

Pepsin phn hy c cht, lm gim acid trong d dy.

Nh hot ng phn hy protein, khi lng thc n gim v kh nng tiu ha protein tng ln. Trypsin v Chymotrypsin: Tuy nhin vai tr chnh ca enzyme ny trong c th l thy phn lin kt peptide trong sut qu trnh tiu ha protein rut non. Trypsin cng c ng dng cha bnh km tiu ha .

2. ng dng ca enzyme trong chn on bnh


a. Sn phm Probiotic mi gip gim lng

cht bo

Probiotic l nhng li khun c cu to tng t nh nhng vi sinh vt c tm thy trong c th ngi. N khng nhng c li cho h tiu ha m cn gip ngi

s dng c mt thn hnh khe mnh, cn i. Tuy nhin, phi mt mt thi gian na sn phm Probiotic ny mi c hon thin v ra mt th trng. V vy trong thi gian ch i, ngi tiu dng c th tm n nhng sn phm thay th nh sa chua, cc loi thc phm b sung tng cng h min dch v h tr tiu ha.

b. Pht hin enzyme ko di cn au sau tn thng


Cc nh khoa hc nghin cu th nghim trn chut v

pht hin thy enzyme no khin cc cn au ko di sau tn thng thn kinh v h hy vng s dng loi enzyme mi ny cha tr cc cn au mn tnh ngi. Trng nhm nghin cu, gio s sinh l hc Min Zhuo thuc trng i hc Toronto ni: Pht hin ny cung cp cho chng ta hiu bit c bn v c ch hot ng ca no i vi cc cn au mn tnh. N khng ch to ra mt kh nng mi cho vic iu ch thuc gim au mi m cn cn gip chng ta bit c ti sao nhiu loi thuc khng c tc dng kim sot c cc cn au mn tnh.

c. Khi thuc l s gy c ch enzyme khng vim:


Cc nh khoa hc M cho bit, khi thuc l s c ch

mt enzyme quan trng trong c quan h hp c vai tr iu khin c ch min dch. Vic enzyme ny b mt kh nng hot ng ng ngha vi vic t bo bch cu s khng dng li sau khi p tr thnh cng vi chng vim nhim. Cc nh nghin cu thuc i hc Alabama Birmingham xc nh c mt cht nn ca enzyme LTA4H cha tng c bit ti, c tn gi l prolineglycine-proline (PGP).

d. Khm ph quan trng v virus gy bnh AIDS


Sau 20 nm nghin cu, cc nh khoa hc Anh v M

cho bit pht trin c mt dng tinh th gip h nhn c cu trc ca mt enzyme gi l integrase, thng c trong nhng loi virus nh HIV v l mc tiu iu tr ca mt s loi thuc cha HIV/AIDS mi nht hin nay Vi vic bit c cu trc ca integrase, cc nh nghin cu nay c th hiu c ton b c ch hot ng ca nhng loi thuc c ch integrase, cch thc ci tin nhng loi thuc ny cng nh cch ngn chn s khng thuc ngy cng tng ca virus HIV.

e. Nhn dng enzym chng d ng nng


Nng ca mt enzym trong mu nh hng n tnh

nghim trng ca cc phn ng d ng. Vai tr ca enzym ny tng c chng minh loi ng vt, nhng nghin cu mi trn ln u tin khng nh hin tng ny ngi. Cc nh nghin cu thuc cc trng i hc Toronto v Manitoba chng minh rng nhng ngi c nng enzym acyl-hydrolase PAF trong mu thp b phn ng d ng nng hn so vi nhng ngi c nng enzym ny thp hn. Pht hin ny c th gip iu ch nhng loi thuc chng d ng do thc n gy nguy c cht ngi tim n nh u phng, cc loi hi sn, hay mt s phn ng do thuc hoc vt chch cn trng.

f. iu tr ung th bng enzyme ca ch


Theo cc nh khoa hc Anh v M, mt enzyme trong t

bo trng ch c trin vng rt ln trong iu tr ung th, c bit l ung th no. Liu php mi ny ang c th nghim tin lm sng. Cc nh nghin cu thuc Trng i hc Bath (Anh) v cng ty Alfacell (M) phn lp v th nghim thnh cng amphinase, mt phin bn ca enzyme ribonuclease t t bo trng ca loi ch Northern Leopard (Rana pipiens). Kt qu th nghim cho thy amphinase c kh nng nhn ra mt lp ng c th trn t bo ung th v bm cht vo , ri tm cch thm nhp vo bn trong t bo tn cng.

g. Pht hin enzyme gip iu tr bnh Alzheimer


Cc nh khoa hc M va pht hin mt enzyme c th

cha lnh cc t bo no b bnh Alzheimer - mt chng bnh mt tr nh. (Nhm nghin cu t tn cho enzyme ny l Uch-L1) - Trong nghin cu ca mnh, nhm tim Uch-L1 vo no ca chut th nghim b bnh Alzheimer. Kt qu h pht hin enzyme ny gip tr nh ca loi gm nhm ny phc hi. - iu c bit l enzyme ny khng tiu dit cc protein amyloid beta bm no - c cho l nguyn nhn gy ra bnh Alzheimer - m lm cho n tr nn bnh thng v khng c hi cho tr nh. Theo nh nghin cu Ottavio Arancio, iu ny rt quan trng bi protein amyloid beta gi mt vai tr quan trng trong c th.

h. Con ng tin ti s bt t
- Nghin cu v qui lut ca s lo ho v qu trnh din ra hin

tng ny gip cc nh khoa hc hiu r: s lo ho mt phn l do s tn thng v khng th hi phc li ca cc m t bo sng trong c th. s lo ho khng tip tc din ra v khin ta gi i, th cch tt nht l ngn khng qu trnh hu hoi cc m t bo tip tc din ra. - Vi pht hin mi v tc ng ca enzyme telomeres, cc nh khoa hc hi vng c th gip khi phc cc chc nng ca cc b phn trong c th con ngi, y li qu trnh lo ho cc b phn ny v mang li tui th cao. Ngoi ra, cc nh khoa hc hi vng c th ng dng tc ng ny y li cc cn bnh lin quan n tui gi nh: chng suy gim tr nh (Alzheimer), t qu v cc bnh v tim mch

Thanks for listening !

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