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Tho Lun Mn Hc K thut chuyn mch v tng i s

Ch :Tm hiu bo hiu knh kt hp-h thng bo hiu R2 Sv : Triu vn Mnh Bi Vn ti

1.1 KHI QUT H thng bo hiu R2 l h thng bo hiu knh ring, c thit k phc v cho chc nng trao i thng tin gia cc tng i trong mng vin thng. H thng bo hiu ny c s dng cho c mng quc gia v mng quc t. H thng bo hiu R2 cng thch hp cho cc phng thc t ng v bn t ng. ng thi n c th p dng cho cc ng trung k tng t (Analog) hay trung k s (Digital).H thng bo hiu R2 c phn thnh hai loi: Bo hiu ng dy. Bo hiu thanh ghi.

1.2 phng thc truyn tn hiu ca bo hiu R2 H thng bo hiu R2 c thc hin theo giao thc bt buc. iu ny th hin ch tn hiu hng i c gi i lin tc cho ti khi nhn c tn hiu hng v t tng i u kia. Vic bo hiu c thc hin gia b truyn m CS (Code Sender) v b nhn m CR (Code Receiver). Trong b truyn m CS, ngoi cc thit b truyn truyn tn hiu, bo hiu cn c cc thit b nhn nhn tn hiu iu khin. Tng t nh vy, b nhn m CR cng c cc thit b nhn v thit b truyn tn hiu. Qu trnh truyn bt buc trong bo hiu R2 c thc hin nh sau:

cs s R a R

cR S b c

d e f

g
Hnh 1.1 . Bo hiu bt buc

a. Tn hiu c truyn lin tc di dng m a tn t b CS n b CR. b. B CR sau khi nhn c tn hiu th nht ny s ra lnh cho thit b truyn ca n gi v mt tn hiu iu khin theo hng ngc li. c. Tn hiu iu khin di dng m a tn c truyn t b CR v b CS. d. B CS khi nhn c tn hiu iu khin s ngng truyn tn hiu th nht v bit rng CR nhn c tn hiu ny.

e. B CR nhn thy b CS ngng truyn tn hiu th nht, n ra lnh cho thit b truyn ca n ngng truyn tn hiu iu khin v bit rng CS nhn c tn hiu ny. f. B CS nhn thy tn hiu iu khin ngng truyn. N chun b truyn tn hiu th hai.

g. B CS tip tc truyn tn hiu th hai v qu trnh trn li c lp li.

Bo hiu ng dy Cc tn hiu ng dy hng i * Tn hiu chim L tn hiu c gi i khi bt u cuc gi nhm thit lp li trng thi mch vo t trng thi ri sang trng thi b chim. * Tn hiu xo thun L tn hiu c gi i kt thc cuc gi, nhm gii phng tng i b gi v cc khi chuyn mch ang tham gia phc v cho cuc gi.

Cc tn hiu ng dy hng v * Tn hiu cng nhn chim Sau khi nhn c tn hiu chim tng i b gi s pht tn hiu cng nhn chim cho tng i gi xc nhn vic mch vo chuyn t trng thi ri sang trng thi b chim. * Tn hiu tr li Tn hiu ny c truyn t tng i b gi v tng i gi khi thu bao b gi nhc t hp nhm phc v cho vic tnh cc ca tng i gi.

* Tn hiu xo ngc L tn hiu gi n tng i gi khi thu bao b gi t my. Trong ch bn t ng, tn hiu ny thc hin chc nng gim st. * Tn hiu gii phng hon ton Ti tng i b gi sau khi nhn c tn hiu xo thun s gi v tng i gi tn hiu gii phng hon ton xc nh sn sng phc v cc khi chuyn mch v tng i b gi hon ton t do, sn sng phc v cho cuc gi khc.

* Tn hiu kho mch Tn hiu ny c gi trn cc mch ri ti tng i gi gy nn trng thi bn nhm bo v vic chim mch tip theo. Cc phin bn bo hiu ng dy Trong bo hiu ng dy c hai phin bn (Version), mt phin bn dng cho bo hiu ng dy tng t (Analog) v mt phin bn dng cho bo hiu ng dy s (Digital).

Phin bn bo hiu ng dy tng t: Nguyn tc truyn ca phin bn ny l c m hiu khi ri v khng c m hiu khi bn. Trong bo hiu ng dy kiu tng t, i vi mi hng truyn dn cn phi c mt knh bo hiu s dng tn s ngoi bng thoi l 3825Hz. Trng thi ng dy c phn nh qua bng sau y:

Cc iu kin thc hin bo hiu ng dy: Tn s bo hiu danh nh l 3825Hz. Sai s so vi tn s trn khng vt qu 4Hz. Thi gian chuyn trng thi c m hiu sang khng c m hiu l 40 10 (ms). Thi gian nh nht nhn bit c m hiu hng i v mt m hiu hng v l 250 50 (ms). Phin bn bo hiu ng dy s: Trong h thng truyn dn s PCM 30/32 ngi ta s dng mt knh thoi (TS16) t chc hai knh bo hiu cc khung 1 15. S sp xp cc knh bo hiu trong khe thi gian TS16 ca h thng PCM 30 nh sau:

Trong : 0000: ng chnh a khung. e : Bit cnh bo mt ng chnh a khung. e = 0: Khng c cnh bo. e = 1: C cnh bo. x : Bit d tr cha s dng. Thng thng ngi ta khng s dng ht 4 bit a, b, c, d cho bo hiu m ch s dng hai bit a v b cn bit c v d s dng cho mc ch khc. Hng i gm bit af v bit bf . Hng v gm bit ab v bit bb.

Trong : -af:: cho bit trng thi hot ng ca cc thit b chuyn mch u gi ra v trng thi ca ng dy thu bao gi. -bf.: cho bit c s c trn hng t tng i gi ti tng i b gi. -ab: cho bit trng thi ca thu bao b gi. -bb: cho bit thit b chuyn mch tng i b gi ri hay bn.

Bo hiu thanh ghi


Bo hiu thanh ghi trong h thng bo hiu R2 c s dng nc ta l kiu bo hiu b khng ch, ngha l bo hiu m vic truyn thng tin gia cc tng i c thc hin ln lt theo s hi p. Trong bo hiu R2 ngi ta s dng m a tn l cc t hp hai trong su tn s truyn bo hiu thanh ghi gia cc tng i. Cc m a tn ny s c thu v pht bi cc thit b m a tn. Th t cc t hp m theo hai hng c quy nh theo bng sau y:

Bo hiu hng i: Cc tn hiu hng i c chia thnh hai nhm: tn hiu nhm I v tn hiu nhm 2. a) Bo hiu hng i nhm I: Cc tn hiu nhm I ch yu mang thng tin v a ch ca thu bao b gi.

b) Bo hiu hng i nhm II: Cc tn hiu nhm II l tn hiu ch th v c tnh cuc gi v thu bao ch gi.

Bo hiu hng v
Bo hiu hng v c chia lm hai nhm: bo hiu hng v nhm A v bo hiu hng v nhm B. a) Bo hiu hng v nhm A: Cc tn hiu nhm A c s dng tr li xc nhn cho cc tn hiu hng i nhm I (trong mt s trng hp c dng tr li cho cc tn hiu hng i nhm II) v thc hin chc nng chuyn a cc thng tin bo hiu.

b) Bo hiu hng v nhm B: Cc tn hiu hng v nhm B cng dng tr li xc nhn cho mt hng i nhm II trong th tc bo hiu bt buc. ng thi cc tn hiu ny thc hin chc nng chuyn a cc thng tin v trng thi thit b chuyn mch hay trng thi ng dy thu bao b gi

Cc phng php truyn tn hiu bo hiu thanh ghi - Trong qu trnh kt ni cuc gi t tng i ch gi n tng i b gi c th c mt s tng i khc tham gia kt ni. V bo hiu thanh ghi c ba phng php truyn nh sau: - Truyn bo hiu kiu tng chng (Link By Link). - Truyn bo hiu kiu xuyn sut (End To End). - Truyn bo hiu kiu hn hp (Mixed).

1 Phng php truyn bo hiu kiu tng chng Phng php ny lin quan n vic truyn tn hiu gia cc tng i k cn. Vi bo hiu kiu tng chng, s hiu ca thu bao b gi s b gim dn qua mi tng i qu giang, t y cho n khi ch cn mt phn ca s b gi.

Khu vc H Ni (04) T A

Khu vc Nam nh (0350)

T B

T C

T D

0350823477 0350823477 823477 3477

Hnh 2.2. V d v bo hiu kiu Link By Link.

* u im: D dng pht hin cc tn hiu (nhiu, mo do tr, mo do nhiu). * Nhc im: -Ti cc tng i qu giang, cc thanh ghi va phi c chc nng nhn s hiu va phi c chc nng gi s hiu. Do vy vic x l ti cc thanh ghi ny phc tp hn. - Thi gian thit lp cuc gi lu v s cc s hiu truyn trn tuyn ln. - Khi s dng cc tn hiu thanh ghi hng v th thi gian chim cc thanh ghi qu giang tng ln do tt c cc thanh ghi trn mt kt ni nhiu lin kt phi c kt ni truyn v tn hiu cui cng.

2 Phng php truyn bo hiu kiu xuyn sut Trong bo hiu kiu xuyn sut, cc thanh ghi ca tng i qu giang ch nhn cc s nh tuyn. Thanh ghi ca tng i xut pht cuc gi s lm vic trong sut thi gian thit lp cuc gi, n cn c chun b d gi mt phn thng tin a ch khi c yu cu bng cc tn hiu hng v. Thanh ghi qu giang s c gii phng khi kt ni khi kt ni c pht trin ln pha trc t tng i qu giang .

Khu vc H Ni (04)

Khu vc Nam nh (0350)

T A

T B

T C

T D

0350823477

0350

82

3477

Hnh 2.3. V d v bo hiu kiu End To End.

u im: - Cc thanh ghi ca tng di xut pht cuc gi c php iu khin thit lp cuc gi. T cho php cc kh nng nh tuyn t tng i xut pht. - Ti cc tng i qu giang, cc thanh ghi ch c chc nng nhn mt phn s hiu thu bao b gi ch khng cn gi. Do qu trnh x l ti cc thanh ghi ny d dng hn. - Thi gian thit lp cuc gi nhanh v s cc s hiu truyn trn tuyn t. - Thi gian chim cc thanh ghi ca cc tng i qu giang gim xung. - Gim lng tr sau khi quay s v cc thanh ghi c gii phng sm hn, thng mch nhanh hn.

3 Phng php truyn bo hiu kiu kt hp y l phng php va s dng bo hiu kiu tng chng va s dng bo hiu kiu xuyn sut.
Khu vc H Ni (04)
T A T B T C Khu vc Nam nh (0350)

T D

T E

035023477 0350 823477 82 3477

Hnh 2.4. V d v bo hiu kiu kt hp.

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