TI: NGHIN CU NH HNG CA NNG PHENOL N S PHT TRIN CA VI KHUN LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES TRN SN PHM C HI HUN KHI

Danh sch nhm 5 ng Vn Tng ng Vn Dng V Phi Long Nguyn Th Trc Qunh Trn Th Xun Phng Bch Th Hng Phi Nguyn Th Hng Nguyn Th T Hoa Nguyn Th Qunh Nhin Ng Th Thu Hin Bi Th Hc

MSSV 50131905 50130273 50130811 50131300 50131205 50131154 50130495 50130381 50131074 50130331 50130628

Gio vin hng dn :

Hunh Nguyn Duy Bo

I.

TM TT Bi bo co ny trnh by nghin cu ng dng ca hp cht phenol c trong

khi hun c ch v tiu dit mt s vi sinh vt nhim vo thc phm. Kho st nh hng ca nng phenol c trong khi hun n s pht trin ca vi khun Listeria monocytogenes trong sn phm c hi hun khi. Trong nghin cu ny, chng ti thay i nng phenol trong khi hun t 8 ppm n 12ppm, sau tin hnh phn tch s pht trin ca vi khun Listeria monocytogenes trong 40 ngy bo qun. Kt qu nghin cu cho thy: hp cht phenol trong khi hun nng 8 12ppm c th c ch s pht trin ca vi khun Listeria monocytogenes trong sn phm c hi hun khi. II. T VN Hun khi l mt phng php ch bin nhm pht trin mi cho sn phm, ko di thi gian bo qun v to ra dng sn phm mi. Mt trong nhng mc ch chnh ca qu trnh hun khi l tiu dit cc vi sinh vt trn b mt thc phm. Ngoi ra hun khi cn lm gim m ca sn phm v th cng c ch s hot ng ca vi sinh vt trn b mt sn phm, ko di thi gian bo qun sn phm. Qua nghin cu ca cc nh khoa hc trn th gii cho thy rng khi hun c tc dng phng thi v st trng. Tc dng st trng ca khi hun do cc thnh phn trong khi nh cc hp cht acid, phenol, aldehyde...trong phenol l cht c kh nng st trng mnh. Tuy nhin phenol c kh nng c ch vi khun Listeria monocytogenes hay khng th trong nghin cu ny chng ti s tin hnh kho st nh hng ca nng phenol c trong khi hun n s pht trin ca vi khun Listeria monocytogenes trong sn phm c hi hun khi.

III.

TNG QUAN 3.1. VI KHUN LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES

Phn loi khoa hc : Gii (regnum): Bacteria Ngnh (divisio): Firmicutes Lp (class): Bacilli B (ordo): Bacillales H (familia): Listeriaceae Chi (genus): Listeria Loi (species): L. monocytogenes c im ca vi khun Listeria Vi khun Listeria : l vi khun gram (+), khng bo t, ym kh v c th pht trin trong t bo. Trong s cc loi listeria c bit n th loi L. monocytogenes l loi nguy him nht, l tc nhn tht s ca cc ca nhim bnh thc phm.Vi khun ny rt bn. N khng nhit, mui, nitrite v acid, sng st iu kin lnh ng v thm ch c th sinh si pht trin chm chp trong t lnh. Do , con ngi c nguy c nhim khun cc k cao lu cc loi thc phm cha nu chn k trc khi n c th c rt nhiu L. monocytogenes. [1] Vi khun L. monocytogenes sng rt dai v c th pht trin nhit t 300C n 450C. N c mt khp ni trong mi trng v c th tm thy t, thm 3

thc vt mc nt, nc, trong cc ng vt hoang d, phn sc vt v c phn ngi. Listeria c th sng v nhn ln trong mi trng c nhit di 5oC (41oF) v kt qu l chng hon ton c th tn ti v pht trin trong hu ht cc sn phm c bo qun trong t lnh. Listeria khng th nhn ln di 0oC (32oF). Tuy nhin, vi thc phm ng lnh khng phi l mt gii php tt cho vic tiu dit ht loi vi khun ny. [2] Listeria monocytogenes rt ph bin v c sc khng tt vi iu kin mi trng. N c mt hu ht nguyn liu thc vt (sng hay cht), nc v t. Kh nng tip xc gia con ngi vi vi khun Listeria rt ph bin do mi trng ca chng phn b rng trn nguyn liu thc vt mu xanh l cy (mt s trong c tiu th l thc phm), Listeria l vi sinh vt gy ng c thc phm nguy him. Gy ra cc mc nghim trng ca bnh au rut (vim mng no, nhim trng mu), trong cc c th gy yu (nh suy gim min dch hoc ph n mang thai) c th b nhim c ca vi khun ny. T l t vong bi Listeria rt cao (20 30%).Nu chn thc phm l phng php tt hn c loi tr listeria. [2] 3.2. KHI HUN

Hun khi l mt phng php ch bin c t lu i v pht trin rng ri trong nhiu nc, nht l cc nc chu u. c im ca sn phm hun khi l bo qun tt v khi hun c tc dng chng thi ra v chng oxy ho. Sn phm c hi hun khi c mu sc v mi v rt c bit: mi thm v mu cam.[3] C khong 300 hp cht khc nhau trong thnh phn ca khi, cc hp cht thng thng l phenol, acid hu c, carbonyl, hydro carbon v mt s thnh phn kh khc nh CO2, CO, O2, N2 Cc hp cht phenol: c khong 20 hp cht phenol khc nhau trong thnh phn ca khi, nhiu nht l guaiacol, 4methylguaiacol, phenol, 4ethylguaiacol , ocresol , m cresol, p cresol , 4propylguaiacol, vanilin, 4 vinylguaiacol. Ngi ta thy rng cc hp cht phenol c tc dng chng li cc qu trnh oxy ho, 4

to mu mi cho sn phm v tiu dit cc vi sinh vt nhim vo thc phm. Cc hp cht phenol v polyphenol c xu hng phn ng vi nhm hydrosulphua ca protein, cc hp cht cacbonyl tng tc vi cc nhm amin. C hai loi tng tc ny c th lm gim gi tr dinh dng ca protein do lm gim lng acid amin, c bit l lyzin. Xng khi c th gy nn mt s h hng ca thiamine nhng t nh hng n niacin v riboflavin. c tnh chng oxy ho ca khi gip cho vic gi c cc vitamin tan trong m v chng oxy ho b mt ca sn phm xng khi.[4] Tc dng bo qun ca khi ch yu l do cc hp cht phenol. N c hp thu chn lc v thm su vo t bo tht c. M m hp thu nhiu hn m c. Tht c c m cao hp thu nhiu hn loi c m thp. Khi c tc dng trc tip i vi vi sinh vt: c bit l vi khun L. Monocytogennes trong sn phm c hi hun khi. IV. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU: 4.1. I TNG NGHIN CU

C hi vn l loi c nhp ni ang c ng nui ti mt s vng ca nc ta (Sapa, Lt) tn ting Anh: Rainbow trout, tn khoa hc: Oncorhynchus mykiss Phn loi: B: Salmoniformes; H: Salmonidae; Ging: Oncorhynchus; Loi: O. Mykiss. Phn b: C nhm sinh trng v pht trin cc thy vc nc ngt sng h, c nhm sng ngoi bin. C hi vn Oncorhynchus mykiss, c ngun gc t vng bin Thi Bnh Dng khu vc Bc M, c di nhp vo nui nhiu nc chu u t nhng nm 1890.. L loi c c gia ho v nui thnh cng sm nht trong cc thy vc nc ngt.[5]

C hi vn S quy trnh sn xut c Hi hun khi: C nguyn liu X l Ra p mui Ra kh mui Mc treo Sy s b Hun khi Kim tra Bao gi Thnh phm

C hi vn

4.2.

PHNG PHP NGHIN CU:

Phng php nghin cu ti liu: ta thu thp thng tin t cc ngun internet, cc lun vn, n nghin cu v s pht trin ca Listeria monocytogenes. Thu thp d liu t ti liu tham kho + Ngun gc, c im ca vi khun L. monocytogennes. + Phng php hun khi thng s dng cho sn phm ny + Nng cc thnh phn nh: phenol, CO2, acid hu c , mui (cc cht c tnh c ch vi khun) trong sn phm. Ta thy s pht trin ca L.monocytogenes trn sn phm c Hi hun khi ph thuc vo cc yu t : s lng vi sinh vt ban u c trn nguyn liu, nhit bo qun, nng mui, pH, hm lng v thnh phn ca khi hun v thi hn bo qun c. Do vy, ta cn iu chnh sao cho cc yu t t nh hng nht n s pht trin ca L.monocytogenes - Phng php thc nghim: bng cch b tr th nghim -Ta tin hnh s dng phn mm SSSP (d on thi hn bo qun thy sn) -Tin hnh kho st yu t khi hun nh hng n s pht trin ca Listeria monocytogenes trong sn phm c Hi hun khi, yu t ta lp li th nghim nhiu ln cho kt qu chnh xc nht B TR TH NGHIM Vi sn phm c Hi hun khi c kho st th c mt s yu t sau c th nh hng ti s pht trin ca Listeria monocytogenes trong qu trnh bo qun: + S lng VSV ban u c trn nguyn liu + Nhit bo qun + Nng NaCl trong nc pha + pH + Hm lng CO2 trong mi trng 7

+ Thi hn bo qun Hm lng khi hun nh hng n s pht trin vi khun L. monocytogennes: Mc ch th nghim: Tm ra s lin quan gia nng phenol trong khi hun v s pht trin ca vi khun L. monocytogennes XC NH S NH HNG CA NNG PHENOL TRONG KHI HUN N TC PHT TRIN CA L.MONOCYTOGENES L.monocytogenes l loi vi khun c kh nng sng st cao cc iu kin khc nghit nh: trong cc mi trng mui, nitrite v acid v sng st iu kin lnh ng. Cn i vi cc hp cht ca phenol c trong khi hun th ra sao chng ta cng tin hnh nghin cu cc nng khc nhau cho cc mu: 8ppm, 9ppm 10ppm, 11ppm, 12ppm. Chn mu i chng nng 8ppm. Cc yu t khc c c nh nh sau: +Mc t bo L.monocytogenes ban u: 1cfu/g +Nhit bo qun: 40C + Nng NaCl trong nc ra: 4% + pH: 6.2 + Hm lng CO2 trong mi trng : 0% + Thi hn bo qun : 40 ngy

4.3.

KT QU TH NGHIM Tc pht trin ca L.monocytogenes sau 40 ngy bo qun sn phm vi

cc iu kin n nh nh thng k trn cho 2 mu theo nng phenol trong khi hun cc mc:

Nng phenol l 9 ppm

Bng 1: Tc pht trin ca Listeria monocytogenes 2 mu khc nhau v nng phenol mu 1 (8ppm), mu 2 (9ppm). Nng phenol l 10 ppm

Bng 2: Tc pht trin ca Listeria monocytogenes 2 mu khc nhau v nng phenol mu 1 (8ppm), mu 2 (10ppm).

Nng phenol l 11ppm

Bng 3: Tc pht trin ca Listeria monocytogenes 2 mu khc nhau v nng phenol mu 1 (8ppm), mu 2 (11ppm). Nng phenol l 12ppm

Bng 4: Tc pht trin ca Listeria monocytogenes 2 mu khc nhau v nng phenol mu 1 (8ppm), mu 2 (12ppm).

Nhn xt v tho lun :

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Sau 40 ngy bo qun sn phm c hi hun khi, nhn vo cc th biu din nh hng ca nng phenol n s pht trin ca L. monocytogenes ta thy: - nng phenol 8ppm th lng L. monocytogenes t 5,18cfu/g. - nng phenol 9ppm th lng L. monocytogenes t 4,98cfu/g. - nng phenol 10ppm th lng L. monocytogenes t 4,73cfu/g. - nng phenol 11ppm th lng L. monocytogenes t 4,55cfu/g. - nng phenol 12ppm th lng L. monocytogenes t 4,31cfu/g. T kt qu cho ta thy nng phenol nh hng ln n s pht trin ca L. monocytogenes, nng phenol cng ln th lng L. monocytogenes cng gim. KT LUN : Sau khi kho st cc mu khc nhau v nng phenol v cc yu t cn li th nh nhau ta thu c th nh trn, cho thy chng VSV ny chu nh hng ln bi nng phenol, theo th ta c th kt lun v s lng L. monocytogenes gim dn theo tng mc nng phenol. Nh vy, tc tng trng ca L. monocytogenes t l nghch vi nng phenol c trong sn phm c hi hun khi, khi nng phenol tng ln th tc sinh trng ca L. monocytogenes gim xung ng k ngha l cc mc nng phenol cng tng th cng gi an ton cho sn phm c hi hun khi, ko di thi gian bo qun cho sn phm. Tuy nhin nng phenol c nh hng n sc khe ca con ngi khi s dng vt qu nng cho php nn ta ch c th nghin cu tc dng bo qun ca n nng nh hn hoc bng nng gii hn cho php ca n theo quy nh. Thnh phn khi ngm vo c sau khi xng khi c nng hp cht phenol: 1 34 mg%.

TI LIU THAM KHO 11

1. Nguyn Minh Tr (2010), Bi ging vi sinh vt Thc Phm, i Hc Nha Trang, 81. 2. http://www.impeqn.org.vn/impeqn/vn/portal/InfoDetail.jsp?area=58&cat=1066&ID=3525 3. http://www.dost-bentre.gov.vn/hoi-dap-khoa-hoc/577-thc-phm-hunkhoi.html 4. http://thucphamvadoisong.vn/ban-can-biet/1238-tim-hieu-ve-thuc-phamxong-khoi.html 5. http://www.dalat.gov.vn/sonnptnt/?act=XemChiTiet&Cat_ID=40&News_ID =114&LinksFrom=http://www.dalat.gov.vn/sonnptnt/DEFAULT.ASP

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