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Bi 1. GII THIU V AUTOCAD.............................................................................................. 5
I. Gii thiu:................................................................................................................................................................ 5
II. Khi ng Chng Trnh AutoCAD:................................................................................................................... 5
III. Mn hnh lm vic trong AutoCad 2007.............................................................................................................. 5
IV. Cc cch gi cc thanh cng c : ......................................................................................................................... 6
V. Cc phm tt gi lnh............................................................................................................................................. 6
VI. Cc cch gi lnh : ............................................................................................................................................... 7
VII. H Trc To Trong AutoCAD...................................................................................................................... 7
7.1. H to cc............................................................................................................................................. 7
7.2. H to cc ................................................................................................................................................. 8
7.3. Lnh UCSicon................................................................................................................................................ 8
VIII. Thit lp bn v vi cc nh dng: ................................................................................................................. 8
8.1 To bn v mi (Lnh New): ......................................................................................................................... 8
8.2 nh gii hn bn v (Lnh Drawing Limits):............................................................................................... 9
8.3 nh n v bn v (Lnh Units): .................................................................................................................. 9
8.4 nh n v, t l bn v v khng gian v: (Lnh Mvsetup) ..................................................................... 10
8.5. Lnh Ortho:.................................................................................................................................................. 10
8.6. Thit lp mi trng v (Lnh Options): .................................................................................................... 10
Bi 2. ............................................................................................................................................. 13
LAYER V CC CH TRUY BT IM.......................................................................... 13
I. Khi nim v Layer ............................................................................................................................................... 13
1.1. Ta c th gn chng vi cc tnh cht sau : ................................................................................................ 13
1.2. ngha ca vic to layer : ......................................................................................................................... 13
II. S dng Layer trong bn v................................................................................................................................. 13
2.1. To v gn tnh cht cho lp ....................................................................................................................... 13
2.2. Cc Trng Thi Ca Lp ............................................................................................................................. 13
III Cc ch truy bt im.................................................................................................................................. 13
3.1. Ch Truy Bt im Tm Tr ................................................................................................................ 13
3.2. Ch truy bt im thng tr ................................................................................................................. 14
IV. Cc phng php nhp ta im................................................................................................................... 14
IV. Cc kiu chn i tng .................................................................................................................................... 15
4.1. Pickbox ........................................................................................................................................................ 15
4.2. Window........................................................................................................................................................ 15
4.3. Crossing Window ........................................................................................................................................ 15
4.4. Fence ............................................................................................................................................................ 15
4.5. Auto.............................................................................................................................................................. 15
V. Ghi bn v thnh file............................................................................................................................................ 15
5.1. Lnh Save: ................................................................................................................................................... 15
5.2 Lnh Save As ................................................................................................................................................ 15
VI. Hy b lnh thc hin (Lnh Undo, U): ....................................................................................................... 16
VII. Lnh Redo: ........................................................................................................................................................ 16
VIII. Ch Autotrack............................................................................................................................................. 16
Bi 3. CC LNH V C BN .................................................................................................. 20
I. Lnh Line: ............................................................................................................................................................. 20
II. Lnh Circle........................................................................................................................................................... 20
III. Lnh Polygon...................................................................................................................................................... 20
IV. Lnh Rectang...................................................................................................................................................... 21
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Bi 7. GHI CH LN BN V................................................................................................... 39
I. To kiu ch:........................................................................................................................................................ 39
II. Nhp dng ch vo bn v (Lnh Dtext): .......................................................................................................... 39
III. Nhp on vn vo bn v (Lnh Mtext):.......................................................................................................... 39
IV. Lnh Scaletext: ................................................................................................................................................... 40
V. Lnh Justifytext: .................................................................................................................................................. 40
Bi 8. V MT CT .................................................................................................................... 41
Bi 9. GHI KCH THC TRN BN V ................................................................................ 42
I. Cc thnh phn kch thc: ............................................................................................................................... 42
II. To cc kiu ghi kch thc .............................................................................................................................. 42
III. Cc lnh ghi kch thc ................................................................................................................................... 44
Bi 2: ............................................................................................................................................. 54
THIT LP H TRC TA - .............................................................................................. 54
M HNH SURFACE .................................................................................................................. 54
I Thit lp h trc ta ........................................................................................................................................ 54
II M hnh 2.5 chiu .............................................................................................................................................. 54
III M hnh Surface ............................................................................................................................................... 55
3.1.Lnh 3D face:................................................................................................................................................ 55
3.2. Lnh Edge .................................................................................................................................................... 55
3.3.Cc mt cong 3D c s................................................................................................................................. 55
3.4. Mt li a gic:.......................................................................................................................................... 58
3.5. Cc lnh to mt li a gic ...................................................................................................................... 58
IV Bi tp............................................................................................................................................................... 60
Bi 3 .............................................................................................................................................. 63
TO KHI RN 3D .................................................................................................................... 63
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Bi 4 .............................................................................................................................................. 68
TO KHI RN 3D (TT)............................................................................................................ 68
I Cc khi rn c s (TT) ...................................................................................................................................... 68
1.1. To khi hnh cu SPHRERE ..................................................................................................................... 68
1.2. To khi hnh nn CONE............................................................................................................................ 68
1.3. To khi hnh nm WEDGE ....................................................................................................................... 68
1.4.To khi hnh xuyn TORUS....................................................................................................................... 69
II Cc lnh h tr to khi rn .............................................................................................................................. 69
2.1. Lnh EXTRUDE ......................................................................................................................................... 69
2.2. Lnh REVOLVE ......................................................................................................................................... 70
III Ghi kch thc v mt ct trn m hnh........................................................................................................... 71
IV Bi tp:.............................................................................................................................................................. 71
Bi 5 .............................................................................................................................................. 73
CC LNH KHI RN C S V H TR TO KHI RN NNG CAO........................ 73
I Cc lnh to khi rn c s................................................................................................................................. 73
1.1. Lnh PYRAMID ..................................................................................................................................... 73
1.2.
Lnh POLYSOLID ........................................................................................................................... 73
II Cc lnh h tr to khi rn .............................................................................................................................. 74
2.1. Lnh HELIX ................................................................................................................................................ 74
2.2. Lnh SWEEP ............................................................................................................................................... 75
2.3. Lnh LOFT .................................................................................................................................................. 75
2.4. Lnh PRESSPULL ...................................................................................................................................... 76
III Bi tp ............................................................................................................................................................... 77
Bi 6 .............................................................................................................................................. 78
CC LNH HIU CHNH KHI RN ................................................................................... 78
PHP BIN HNH 3D.................................................................................................................. 78
I Cc lnh hiu chnh khi rn............................................................................................................................... 78
1.1. Lnh CHAMFER......................................................................................................................................... 78
1.2. Lnh FILLET............................................................................................................................................... 78
1.3. Lnh SLICE ................................................................................................................................................. 79
1.4. Lnh SECTION ........................................................................................................................................... 79
1.5. Lnh SECTION PLANE ............................................................................................................................. 80
II Cc lnh v php bin hnh 3D.......................................................................................................................... 80
2.1. Lnh 3D ROTATE ...................................................................................................................................... 80
2.2.Lnh 3D MIRROR ....................................................................................................................................... 81
2.3. Lnh 3D ALIGN.......................................................................................................................................... 81
2.4. Lnh 3D ARRAY ........................................................................................................................................ 82
III Bi tp:.............................................................................................................................................................. 83
Bi 7 .............................................................................................................................................. 85
TO HNH CHIU 2D T M HNH 3D.................................................................................. 85
I Gii thiu Model space v Paper space .............................................................................................................. 85
1.1. Model space: ................................................................................................................................................ 85
1.2. Paper space: ................................................................................................................................................. 85
1.3. Chuyn i khng gian lm vic gia model space v paper space. ......................................................... 85
II To khung nhn ng ......................................................................................................................................... 86
III To cc hnh chiu vung gc.......................................................................................................................... 87
IV iu chnh v tr cc hnh chiu vung gc ..................................................................................................... 87
V To ng bao nt khut cho m hnh 3D v ba hnh chiu ............................................................................ 88
VI To lp trong khng gian giy v .................................................................................................................... 88
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Bi 8 .............................................................................................................................................. 91
TO HNH CHIU V HNH CT T M HNH 3D BNG LNH SOLVIEW V
SOLDRAW ................................................................................................................................... 91
I To cc hnh chiu vung gc, hnh ct v hnh chiu ph ............................................................................... 91
II To ng bao, nt khut, v tuyn nh cho cc hnh chiu ............................................................................ 93
III Hng dn to hnh chiu, hnh ct ............................................................................................................ 93
IV Bi tp:.............................................................................................................................................................. 94
Bi 9 .............................................................................................................................................. 96
TRNH DIN M HNH.............................................................................................................. 96
I Gn vt liu cho m hnh t bng Toolpalettes.................................................................................................. 96
II Thit lp cc ngun sng ................................................................................................................................... 96
2.1 To ngun sng............................................................................................................................................. 96
2.2 Thit lp v tr a l to ngun sng mt tri.............................................................................................. 97
2.3 Thay i tnh cht ca nh sng mt tri ..................................................................................................... 97
III Thit lp my quay (camera)............................................................................................................................ 98
IV Thit lp mi trng trnh din........................................................................................................................ 98
V Trnh din m hnh bng lnh Render............................................................................................................... 99
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Command: UCSicon
Cc la chn
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-9-
- 10 -
Trang Drafting:
Cc la chn ti ct Autosnap settings:
+ Marker: M hoc tt khung hnh k hiu im truy bt.
+ Magnet: M hoc tt ch Magnet.
+ Display AutoSnap Tooltip: Kim tra s hin th ca ch gii cng c
AutoSnap.
+ Display AutoSnap Aperture Box: Kim tra s hin th ca vung bt
im (AutoSnap Aperture Box).
AutoSnap Marker Color: Ch nh mu cho AutoSnap Marker.
AutoSnap Marker size: Gn kch thc khi hin th cho AutoSnap Marker.
Aperture size: Gn ln ca vung truy bt.
- 11 -
Trang Selection:
iu chnh ln nh ca con
chy bng cch ko thanh trt Pickbox
size.
Thay i ln v mu ca Grid
ti ca s Grid.
- 12 -
Bi 2.
LAYER V CC CH TRUY BT IM
I. Khi nim v Layer
Trong bn v AutoCad , cc i tng c cng chc nng s c nhm thnh
mt lp layer, layer l mt mt phng trong sut cha cc i tng c cng chc nng,
dng t chc v qun l chng trong bn v .
1.1. Ta c th gn chng vi cc tnh cht sau :
Tn Lp : name; Dng ng : linetype; Mu : color ;Chiu rng nt : lineweight
1.2. ngha ca vic to layer :
Khi to layer s cho chng ta in mt cch d dng bi khi ta gn mt layer n
c y cc tnh nng khi in mt bn v nu qun l tt v layer cho ta thy c
tnh thm m ca bn v v tc phong lm vic ca ngi thit k, trong mt bn v tao
nhiu layer s lm cho vic thit k cc chi tit phc tp s d dng v n gin hn
II. S dng Layer trong bn v
2.1. To v gn tnh cht cho lp
Cch Gi Lnh :
Command : la
format \ layer T thanh cng c : toolbar \ layer \ layer propeties manger
xut hin hp thoi layer propeties manger
Ch : layer 0 l layer do my mc nh sn cho nn chng ta khng xo c khi to
mt bn v mi th ch layer 0 m thi
2.2. Cc Trng Thi Ca Lp
Tt \ m (off \ on): nu 1 lp b off th i tng thuc lp s b n i v xut hin
khi ch on
ng bng \ tan bng (freeze \ thaw):khi cc i tng thuc lp b freege s c n
i v xut hin khi ch thaw.
Kha v m kha (Lock and Unlock): cc i tng thuc lp trng thi lock s
khng th tc ng bng cc lnh hiu chnh (modify)
- 13 -
Cch 2 : Dng t hp phm SHIFT + Right Click xut hin sub menu truy bt im:
Mt s phng thc truy bt im trn i
tng thng dng :
CENter : im tm
ENDpoint : im cui
MIDpoint : im gia
INTersection : im Giao
QUAdrant : im phn t ng trn
PERpendicular : im vung gc
TANgent : im tip tuyn
Mid Between 2 Points: im gia ca 2 im
- 14 -
Screen menu
File/Save
Type in
Save or Ctr+S
Toolbars
Standard
Command: Save .
Lnh Save dng ghi bn v hin hnh thnh mt tp tin c t tn.
5.2 Lnh Save As
Pull- down menu
Screen menu
Type in
Toolbars
File/Save as
File/Save as
Save as
Command: Save as .
Xut hin hp thoi: Save Drawing As.
- 15 -
Toolbars
Standard
Command: Undo .
Lnh Undo dng hu b ln lt cc lnh thc hin trc trn bn v hin
hnh.
VII. Lnh Redo:
Pull- down menu
Edit/ Redo
Screen menu
Edit/ Redo
Type in
Redo hay Ctrl+Y
Toolbars
Standard
Command: Redo .
Lnh Redo dng sau cc lnh U hoc Undo phc hi mt lnh va hy trc
.
VIII. Ch Autotrack
AutoTrack gip bn v cc i tng theo gc ch nh hoc trong s quan h vi
cc i tng khc. Khi bn m ch AutoTrack th cc ng dn hng tm thi
gip bn to cc i tng theo v tr v gc chnh xc. AutoTrack bao gm hai la chn:
d tm theo gc (Polar; polar tracking) v d tm theo im truy bt (Otrack object snap
tracking). Bn c th tt hoc m AutoTrack bng cch chn nt polar v otrack trn
thanh trng thi. Otrack lm vic trong s kt hp vi cc phng thc bt im. Bn cn
phi gn cc phng thc bt im trc khi bn c th d vt t cc truy bt im ca
i tng. Vic gn vung Autosnap kim tra v tr no ca con chy s xut hin cc
ng dn hng..
1. D tm theo gc (POLAR)
S dng Polar d vt con chy dc theo ng dn hng tm thi c xc
nh bi cc gc cc lin quan n dng nhc lnh Specify first point v Specify next
point or [Undo]. Bn c th s dng Polar i vi Arc, Circle, Line hoc cc lnh hiu
chnh nh Copy v Move.
tt m ch Polar ta nhn phm F10 hoc chn nt Polar dng trng thi.
Bn c th s dng POLAR nhp ta im theo s gia gc cc (Increment
angle): 90; 60; 45; 30; 22,5; 18; 15; 10 v 5 hoc bn c th ch nh gi tr s gia bt
k.
- 16 -
- 17 -
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- 19 -
Bi 3. CC LNH V C BN
I. Lnh Line:
Cng dng: Dng v ng thng.
Cch gi lnh:
Pull- down menu Screen menu
Draw/ Line
DRAW/ Line
Type in
Line hay L
Toolbars
Draw
Dng lnh
Command: line
Specify first point: Chn im u ng thng
Specify next point or [Undo]: Chn im tip theo ca ng thng.
Specify next point or [Undo]: Chn im tip theo hoc enter kt thc lnh
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]( khi v c trn ba im): chn hoc
g im tip theo).
G U : Hy b phn on va v.
G C : ng kn bin dng bng ng thng.
II. Lnh Circle
Cng dng: dng v hnh trn.
Cch gi lnh:
Screen menu
DRAW/ Circle
Type in
Circle hay C
Toolbars
Draw
Dng lnh
Command: C (hay Circle) .
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Chn tm ng
trn hay chn cc la chn.
Specify radius of circle or (Diameter): Nhp bn knh ng trn hoc Nhp D
nhp ng knh.
Cc la chn
3P: V ng trn qua ba im.
2P: V ng trn qua 2 im.
Ttr: V ng trn qua 2 im tip tuyn v bn knh.
Tan, tan, tan: V ng trn qua 3 im tip tuyn.
III. Lnh Polygon
Cng Dng: Dng v hnh a gic u.
Cch gi lnh
Screen menu
DRAW/ Polygon
Type in
Pol
Toolbars
Draw
Dng lnh:
C ba cch v a gic u trong AutoCAD 2007
1/ a gic ngoi tip ng trn (Circumscribed about Circle):
Khi cho trc bn knh ng trn ni tip (khong cch t tm vng trn n
trung im mt cnh).
Command: Polygon .
Command: _polygon Enter number of sides <4>: Nhp s cnh a gic.
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: Chn tm a gic
- 20 -
Draw
Dng lnh
Command: _rectang .
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]:
Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]:
Cc la chn
Ti dng nhc : Specify first corner point or
Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]
G C (Chamfer) : vt 4 nh hnh ch nht.
G F (Fillet) : Bo trn 4 nh ca hnh ch nht.
G E (Elevation) : nh cao ca hnh ch nht.
G T (Thickness): nh dy ca hnh ch nht.
G W (Width): nh chiu di nt v cnh ca hnh ch nht.
---------------------------------------------------
BI TP THC HNH
1. Cc lnh cn thc hin trong bi tp:
Lnh thit lp bn v, crosshair; display; right click,
S dng lnh LINE v cc phng php nhp ta im.
Lnh PLINE, POLYGON; RECTANG.
Lnh quan st bn v ZOOM; lnh xa i tng ERASE.
Cc phng thc truy bt im
- 21 -
- 22 -
Hnh 1.6
- 23 -
Bi 4. CC LNH V HNH
I. Lnh Xline
Cng dng: v ng dng hnh l ng thng khng c im u v
im cui.
Cch gi lnh
Screen menu
Draw /X Line
Type in
X Line
Toolbars
Draw
Dng lnh
Command: _xline
Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: Chn 1 im hoc chn cc la
chn.
Specify through point: Chn im xline i qua.
Specify through point: Chn im xline i qua hoc enter kt thc lnh.
Cc la chn
Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: La chn mc nh dng xc
nh im th nht m X Line s i qua. Ti dng nhc Specify through point:
xut hin sau c th chn thm mt im bt k hoc dng cc phng thc
truy bt im.
- Hor: To xline nm ngang
- Ver: To xline thng ng
- Ang: To xline hp vi ng trc x 1 gc.
Reference/<Enter angle ()>: Nhp gc hoc la chn R la chn ng tham
chiu.
Neu ta ap R tai dong nhac
* Select a line object: Chn ng tham chiu.
* Enter Angle: Chn gc vi ng tham chiu.
* Specify through point: Chn im i qua ca xline
- Bisect: To X Line i qua phn gic mt gc xc nh bi ba im. im u
tin xc nh ca gc, hai im sau xc nh gc.
- Offset: To X Line song song vi mt ng c sn (tng t lnh Offset):
Offset distance or through: Nhp khong cch hay chn T.
Select a line object: Chn i tng m X Line s song song.
Side to Offset: X Line nm v pha no ca i tng c chn.
Select a line object: Tip tc chn i hoc Enter kt thc lnh.
II. Lnh Arc
Cng dng: dng cung trn.
Cch gi lnh
Screen menu
DRAW/ Arc>
Type in
Arc hay A
Toolbars
Draw
Dng lnh:
v mt cung trn chng ta c nhiu cch
- 24 -
Second Point
Center
Start
Angle
Length of Chord
End point
Angle
Direction
Radius
Center point
End Point
Angle
Length of Chord
End point
Cch gi lnh
Screen menu
DRAW/ Pline
Type in
Pline hay Pl
Toolbars
Draw
Dng lnh
Command: _pline.
Specify start point: Chn im u.
Current line-width is 0.0000
Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: Chn im tip theo
hoc chn cc la chn.
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: Chn im tip
theo hoc chn cc la chn.
1/ Ch v on thng:
Cc chn la:
Close: ng Pline bi mt on thng.
Halfwidth: nh na chiu rng phn on sp v:
* Starting Halfwidth<>: nh na chiu dy u phn on
* Ending Halfwidth<>: nh na chiu dy cui phn on.
Length: V tip mt phn on c phng chiu nh on thng trc .
Undo: Hy b phn on va v.
Width: nh chiu rng phn on sp v (thao tc tn ng t lnh Half Width).
2/ Ch v cung trn:
Cc chn la:
- 25 -
Screen menu
DRAW1/Spline
Type in
Spline
Toolbars
Draw
Dng lnh
Specify first point or [Object]: (Nhp mt im).
Specify next point: (Nhp mt im).
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>:
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>: (Nhp 1 im).
Specify start tangent: (Nhp mt im hoc Enter).
Specify end tangent: (Nhp mt im hoc Enter kt thc lnh).
Cc chn la:
Objects: La chn Object dng chuyn ng Pline Spline thnh ng
Pline.
Close: La chn Close dng ng kn ng Spline.
- 26 -
Screen menu
DRAW1/Ellipse
Type in
Ellipse
Toolbars
Draw
Dng lnh
C Hai Cch V Elip
Cch 1 : V theo tm Elip
Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [ arc /center] : C.
specify center of axis : Nhp im tm elip
specify endpoint of axis : Nhp na trc 1 ca elip.
specify distance to other axis or [rotation ] : Nhp chiu di na trc cn
li.
Cch 2 : V theo trc elip.
Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: Chn 1 im ca trc elip.
Specify other endpoint of axis: Chn im th 2 ca trc elip
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation] : Nhp chiu di na trc cn
li.
V Cung ellipse:
Command: Ellipse .
Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: a.
Specify axis endpoint of elliptical arc or [Center]: Nhp ta hoc chn
im cui 1 ca trc th nht.
Specify other endpoint of axis: Nhp ta hoc chn im cui 2 ca trc
th nht.
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: Khong cch na trc th hai.
Specify start angle or [Parameter]: Chn im 1 hay nhp gi tr gc - y
l gc gia trc ta va nh vi ng thng t tm n im u cung.
Specify end angle or [Parameter/Included angle]: Chn im 1 hay nhp
gi tr gc - y l gc gia trc ta va nh vi ng thng t tm n
im cui cung.
Ch : Nu lnh Snap ang trng thi Isometric th lnh ellipse c thm la
chn Isocircle cho php ta v ng trn trong hnh chiu trc o (bin thnh
Ellipse).
VI. Lnh Point
Cng dng: Dng v im
Cch gi lnh:
Screen menu
DRAW1/Point
Type in
Point
Toolbars
Draw
Dng lnh:
Specify a point: Nhp im cn v.
- 27 -
-------------------------------------------------------
BI TPTHC HNH
1. Cc lnh cn thc hin trong bi tp:
Lnh XLINE; CIRCLE; ARC;SPLINE; ELLIPSE
Lnh DIVIDE; MEASURE .
Lnh v im POINT v hin th im POINT STYLE.
Cch lnh 2D hc bi trc.
- 28 -
Hnh 2.6
- 29 -
Screen menu
Modify/ Erase
Type in
Erase hay E
Toolbars
Modify
Dng lnh:
Lnh Erase dng xo cc i tng ta chn, thng thng sau khi dng lnh
Erase ta thc hin lnh Redraw (R) lm sch bn v.
Command: _erase .
Select objects: (Chn i tng cn xa).
Select Objects: (Chn i tng cn xa).
Select Objects: (Chn i tng cn xa hoc chm dt chn i tng).
II. Lnh Copy
Cng dng: Lnh Copy dng sao chp cc i tng c chn theo phng
tnh tin v sp xp chng theo v tr xc nh.
Trong lnh Copy c la chn Multiple, la chn ny dng sao chp nhiu bn
t nhm cc i tng c chn.
Cch gi lnh:
Type in
Copy hay Cp
Toolbars
Modify
Dng lnh:
Command: _copy.
Select objects: (Chn i tng cn sao chp).
Select objects: (Chn i tng cn sao chp hoc nhn chm dt chn i
tng).
Specify base point or displacement,Chn im chn.
Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>: Chn
im chn sau khi sao chp.
III. Lnh Mirror
Cng dng: Dng i xng i tng qua mt trc.
Cch gi lnh:
Screen menu
MODIFY2/ Mirror
Type in
Mirror
Toolbars
Modify
Dng lnh
select object : Chn i tng i xng
select object : Chn tip i tng hoc enter kt thc.
specify first point of mirror line : Chn im u ca trc i xng.
specify second point of mirror line : Chn im th 2 ca trc i xng.
delete source object ? (yes , no ) <N> : Xa i tng mu hay khng?
IV. Lnh Offset
Cng dng: To ra i tng song song vi i tng mu.
Cch gi lnh
Screen menu
- 30 -
Type in
Toolbars
Modify/Offset
Dng lnh
Command: _offset.
Specify offset distance or [Through] <1.0000>: Nhp khong cch cn offset.
Select object to offset or <exit>:Chn i tng cn offset.
Specify point on side to offset: Chn im t i tng offset
Select object to offset or <exit>: Chn tip i tng offset.
V. Lnh Move
Cng dng: Dng di chuyn i tng.
Cch gi lnh
Screen menu
MODIFY2/ Move
Type in
Move hay M
Toolbars
Modify
Dng lnh
Command: Move .
Select Objects: Chn i tng
Select Objects: Chn tip i tng hoc enter kt thc la chn.
Base Point or displacement: Nhp im chun
Second Point or displacement: Nhp im di i.
VI. Lnh Trim
Cng dng: Dng xn i tng
Cch gi lnh
Screen menu
MODIFY2/ Trim
Type in
Trim
Toolbars
Modify
Dng lnh:
Select objects or <select all>: Chn i tng gii hn v nhn enter.
Select object to trim or shift-select to extend
or[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]: Chn phn b i
Select object to trim or shift-select to extend
or[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]: Chn phn b i.
VII. Lnh Extend
Cng dng: Dng ko di i tng n mt i tng khc.
Cch gi lnh :
Screen menu
Type in
MODIFY2/Extend Extend
Toolbars
Modify
Dng lnh :
Select objects or <select all>: Chn i tng gii hn cn ko n.
Select object to extend or shift-select to trim or[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/Undo]:
Chn phn ko di ra.
VIII. Lnh Chamfer
Cng dng : Dng vt mt gc ca i tng.
Cch gi lnh :
Screen menu
MODIFY2/ Chamfer
Type in
Cha
Toolbars
Modify
Dng lnh :
- 31 -
BI TP THC HNH
1. Cc lnh cn thc hin trong bi tp:
Cc lnh hiu chnh: COPY MIRROR OFFSET TRIM EXTEND
CHAMFER - MOVE.
Cc lnh v hnh hc bi trc.
Cc lnh quan st bn v
Cc lnh 2D khc.
2. Yu cu thc hin
M file mi v thc hin cc yu cu sau:
Thit lp bn v vi n v h mt.
Thc hin cc bn v trong bi tp.
Save bn v vo D/hovaten/baitap_3.dwg.
Hnh 3.1
Hnh 3.2
- 32 -
Hnh 3.3
Hnh 3.4
Hnh 3.5
- 33 -
Type in
Property
Toolbars
Modify2
Screen menu
MODIFY/Match Prop
Type in
Match Prop
Toolbars
Standards
Screen menu
MODIFY1/Array
Type in
Array hay Ar
Toolbars
Modify
Dng lnh
- 34 -
Screen menu
MODIFY2/ Rotate
Type in
Rotate hay ro
Toolbars
Modify
Dng lnh :
Command: Rotate .
Select Objects: (Chn i tng cn quay) .
Select Objects: (Chn i tng cn quay hoc chm dt chn i tng).
Base Point: (Chn im chun quay).
<Rotation angle>/Preference: (Nhp gc cn xoay).
V. Lnh Scale
Cng dng : Phng to hoc thu nh i tng
Cch gi lnh :
Screen menu
MODIFY2/ Scale
Type in
Scale
Toolbars
Modify
Dng lnh :
Command: Scale .
Select Objects: Chn i tng cn thay i.
Select Objects: Chn tip i tng hoc enter kt thc la chn.
Base Point: Chn im chun iu chnh t l.
<Scale Factor>/ Reference: (Nhp gi tr t l, gi tr ny c th nh hn 1 hay
ln hn 1 ty theo mun phng to hay thu nh).
- 35 -
Screen menu
MODIFY2/ Stretch
Type in
S
Toolbars
Modify
Dng lnh :
Select objects: Chn phn cn ko dn.
Specify base point or [Displacement] <Displacement>: nh im chun.
Specify second point or <use first point as displacement>: nh im ko n.
VII. Lnh Break
Cng dng :
Cch gi lnh :
Screen menu
MODIFY2/ Break
Type in
Br
Toolbars
Modify
Dng lnh :
Select object: Chn i tng cn ct ta.
Specify second break point or [First point]: Chn im th 2 ca on b i.
AutoCad mc nh im th nht l im ta click chut ban u. C th nh F
nh li im th nht.
VIII. Lnh Fillet
Cng dng : Dng bo trn nu l giao tuyn li v gc ln nu l giao
tuyn lm.
Cch gi lnh :
Screen menu
MODIFY2/ Fillet
Type in
Fillet
Toolbars
Modify
Dng lnh :
Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: Chn cnh th nht ca
gc cn fillet.
Select second object or shift-select to apply corner: Chn cnh th 2 ca gc cn
fillet.
Cc la chn
9 Undo: Hy b bc thc hin pha
9 Polyline: Bo trn tt c cc im ca gc.
9 Radius: Nhp bn knh vo bo cung.
9 Trim: Ging chamfer
9 Multiple: Bo nhiu gc vi cng kch thc.
---------------------------------------------------------
BI TP THC HNH
1. Cc lnh cn thc hin trong bi tp:
Cc lnh hiu chnh: ARRAY ROTATE SCALE STRETCH
FILLET.
Cc lnh v hnh hc cc bi trc.
- 36 -
Hnh 4.1
Hnh 4.2
Hnh 4.3
- 37 -
Hnh 4.4
Hnh 4.5
Hnh 4.6
- 38 -
Bi 7. GHI CH LN BN V
I. To kiu ch:
Lnh Style (Trnh n Format/Text Style).
nh dng cc Font ch, ta theo
cc trnh t sau y:
Chn New, xut hin hp thoi:
New Text Style, g vo Style Name tn
ca kiu ch.
Chiu cao ca ch nhp vo
Heigh
Xem kiu ch va to nhp vo
Preview.
Chn t l chiu rng ch ti Width factor.
Chn nghing ch ti Oblique Angle.
II. Nhp dng ch vo bn v (Lnh Dtext):
Pull- down menu
Screen menu
Type in Toolbars
Draw/Text>/Single Line Text
DRAW1/Dtext
Dtext
Draw
Lnh Dtext (Dynamic Text) cho php nhp cc dng ch vo trong bn v t bn
phm. Trong mt lnh Dtext ta c th nhp nhiu dng ch nm cc v tr khc nhau v
cc dng ch s xut hin trn mn hnh khi ta nhp t bn phm.
Command: _dtext .
Current text style: "tcvn" Text height: 20.6149
Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style]:
Specify rotation angle of text <0>:
Enter text: (G Text vo).
Cc chn la:
- Specify start point of text: im canh l tri dng ch.
- Style: Chn mt trong cc kiu ch to lm kiu ch hin hnh, khi p S
xut hin dng nhc ph: Style name (or?).
- Justify: Khi p J s xut hin dng nhc cho php ta chn cc im canh l khc
nhau.
- Rotation Angle <0.0000>: nghing dng ch.
- Height: Chiu cao dng Text.
III. Nhp on vn vo bn v (Lnh Mtext):
Pull- down menu
Screen menu
Type in
Toolbars
Draw/Mtext
Mtext
Draw
Lnh Mtext cho php to mt on vn bn c gii hn bi ng bin l khung
ch nht.
Command: Mtext .
Command: _mtext Current text style: "Standard" Text height: 2.5
Specify first corner: im gc th nht on vn bn.
Specify opposite corner or [Height/ Justify/ Line spacing/ Rotation/ Style/ Width]:
im gc i din hay l cc chn la cho vn bn.
- 39 -
- 40 -
Bi 8. V MT CT
Pull- down menu
Draw/Hatch
Screen menu
DRAW2/Bhatch:
Type in
Toolbars
BHATCH DRAW
- 41 -
- 42 -
Tab lines
Tab Symbols and arrows
+ Tab Text: gn cc bin lin quan n ch s kch thc.
+ Tab Fit: gn cc la chn chi phi Autocad nh v tr ng kch thc, ng
ging v ch s kch thc.Ngoi ra cn nh t l cho ton b cc bin ca kiu kch
thc.
Tab text
Tab fit
+ Primary Units: gn dng v chnh xc cho n v kch thc gc v chiu
di.
+ Alternate Units: gn dng v chnh xc ca h thng thay i n v (gia
inch v milimeter).
- 43 -
-----------------------------------------------------
BI TP THC HNH
1. Cc lnh cn thc hin trong bi tp:
Cc thit lp LAYER ph hp vi TCVN.
Ghi kch thc ln bn v.
V mt ct v ghi ch.
Cc lnh v hnh hc cc bi trc.
Cc lnh quan st bn v.
Cc lnh 2D khc.
2. Yu cu thc hin
M file mi v thc hin cc yu cu sau:
Thit lp bn v vi n v h mt.
- 44 -
Hnh 5.1
Hnh 5.2
Hnh 5.3
- 45 -
Hnh 5.4
Hnh 5.5.
- 46 -
Hnh 6.1
Hnh 6.2
- 47 -
Hnh 6.3
Hnh 6.4
- 48 -
Hnh 6.5
Hnh 6.6
- 49 -
- 50 -
Bi 1:
M U
I Gii thiu cc dng m hnh 3D
Lch s pht trin m hnh 3D bt u
Bn v 2D l tp hp cc on thng
ng cong nm trong mt phng xy. t vic to mt 2 chiu, sau l dng
khung dy, mt cong v cui cng l m
Trong 3D ta thm vo trc z
hnh khi rn.
CC M HNH 3D:
1.1. M hnh 2. 1/2 chiu
M hnh c to theo nguyn tc ko cc
i tng 2D theo trc z
1.2. M hnh khung dy
M hnh bao gm cc im trong khng
gian v cc ng thng hoc ng cong
ni li vi nhau.
1.3. M hnh mt cong
Ging nh hp rng c cc cnh cc mt
nhng bn trong th rng
1.4. M hnh solid:
y l m hnh biu din vt th hon
Hnh 0.1 4 th h d liu CAD
chnh nht. Gm cc cnh, cc mt v tt
c cc im bn trong.
II Thit lp hng quan st 3D
Khi khi ng chng trnh AutoCAD hng quan st l 2D. tin hnh mt bn v
3D bn cn chuyn i hng nhn t 2D sang 3D. Mun vy, bn cn thc hin theo cc
bc sau:
Bc 1: view/ 3D view/ SE Isometric
Bc 2 : view/ shade/ 3D wireframe
Giai thch hng quan sat
SW Isometric: hng nhn Ty Nam
SE Isometric: hng nhn ng Nam
NE Isometric: hng nhn ng Bc
NS Isometric: hng nhn Ty Bc
III iu khin biu tng h trc ta
- Biu tng h ta : nh hnh 0.2
- Cc thit lp lin quan n h ta :
o
Cch gi lnh: view/display/
UCSICON
o
Cc la chn:
- 51 -
- 52 -
Hnh 1.1.
Hnh 1.2
Hnh 1.3.
- 53 -
Bi 2:
THIT LP H TRC TA M HNH SURFACE
I Thit lp h trc ta
Cch gi lnh:
Tool/ new UCS
UCS
Toolbar UCS
Dng lnh:
Chn mt trong cc cch to h trc ta mi.
Cc la chn:
World: h trc ta gc.
Origin: to h trc ta bng cch thay i gc ta .
ZAxis: xc nh gc ta v chiu trc Z.
View: h trc ta mi s song song vi mn hnh c im gc trng vi
h ta hin hnh.
3points: xc nh h ta qua ba im
X/Y/Z: xoay quanh cc trc
Face: sp xp UCS theo face c chn ca solid.
Objects: a h ta trng vi h ta quy c ca i tng c
chn.
Move: Di chuyn h ta .
Orthographic: ch nh h ta theo 6 mt phng chiu c bn.
II M hnh 2.5 chiu
Cch gi lnh:
Format/Thickness
Elev.
Cng dng lnh:
Nhp dy i vi lnh thickness.
Cao : nu l lnh Elev
Nhp dy cho i tng surface.
Elevation l cao :
Thickness l dy hoc chiu cao i tng 2D theo trc Z .
Ta c th to mt 2,5 chiu bng cc phng php khc:
Sau khi v cc i tng 2D (Line, Pline, Rectang, Polygon, Circle,
Donut,) ta s dng cc lnh hiu chnh (Change, Ddchprop, Chprop,
Properties,..) hiu chnh d dy (Thickness) v lnh Move, Change chnh m
hnh theo cao (Elevation).
Dng lnh:
Enter new value for THICKNESS <0.0000>: dy vi la chn Elevation
Enter new value for ELEVATION <0.0000>: cao vi la chn Thickness.
Cc i tng c th ko thnh mt 2,5 chiu gm c: line; arc; circle; donut;
pline; 2Dsolid; pline c chiu rng.
Khi gi tr Elevation khc 0 th mt phng lm vic s nm song song vi mt
phng xy v cch mt phng ny mt khong bng gi tr bin Elevation.
- 54 -
- 55 -
- 56 -
- 57 -
- 58 -
- 59 -
IV Bi tp
1./ S dng cc lnh Thickness, Pline, 3dface to hnh bc tam cp sau. Sau s
dng lnh hide che cc nt khut.
Hnh 2.1
2./ To m hnh ly nh hnh sau: s dng lnh Revsurf; quai ly to bng lnh pline vi
width = 4, kch thc ty .
- 60 -
Hnh 2.2
3./ Dng lnh Revsurf; tabsurf v hnh 2.3.d.
a. Revsurf
b. Revsurf
c. Tabsurf
d. M hnh cu i cng
Hnh 2.3
4./ V m hnh bn. Vi c kch thc cho trn hnh. Chn bn v theo bin dng pline
nh hnh di ci t cc thng s elev=10 v thickness = 10.
- 61 -
Hnh 2.4
- 62 -
Bi 3
TO KHI RN 3D
I Cc khi rn c s
C 2 phng php to khi rn c s
- To trc tip bng cc lnh to khi rn c s
- To cc i tng 2D sau dng cc phng php chui, xoay, to thnh
khi 3D
to solids c s ta c cc cch gi lnh sau:
- Toolbar modeling
- Draw/ modeling/ solid cn to
- G tn solid cn to
1.1. Khi hnh ch nht: BOX
Cng dng: to khi hnh hp
Gi lnh:
Toolbar
Draw/Modeling/box
Box
Dng lnh
Command: box
Specify first corner or [Center]: chn im gc th 1
Specify other corner or [Cube/Length]: chn im gc
th 2 hoc chn cc la chn
Specify height or [2Point]: nhp chiu cao hoc chn
la chn
Cc la chn khc:
- Cube: C to khi lp phng
Specify length <100.0000>: Nhp chiu di cnh ca khi lp phng
- Length: L nhp cc kch thc ca cc cnh to thnh hnh hp
Specify length <100.0000>: Nhp chiu di
Specify width <80.0000>: Nhp chiu rng
Specify height or [2Point] <100.0000>: Nhp chiu cao
- 2Ponit: 2P: la chn 2 im tnh chiu cao
1.2. Khi hnh tr: CYLINDER
Cng dng: to khi hnh tr
Gi lnh:
Toolbar
Draw/Modeling/cylinder
Cylinder
Dng lnh
- 63 -
- 64 -
Trc IN sau IN
Di chuyn ng v tr
- 65 -
Hnh 3.1
Hnh 3.2
Hnh 3.3
Hnh 3.4
- 66 -
Hnh 3.5
Hnh 3.6
- 67 -
Bi 4
TO KHI RN 3D (TT)
I Cc khi rn c s (TT)
1.1. To khi hnh cu SPHRERE
Cng dng: to khi hnh cu
Gi lnh:
Toolbar
Draw/Modeling/shpere
Shpere
Dng lnh:
Command: Sphere
Center of Sphere <0,0,0>: Chn tm khi cu.
Diameter/<Radius> of Sphere: Nhp bn knh khi cu (Nu p D th gi
tr nhp l ng knh khi cu).
1.2. To khi hnh nn CONE
Cng dng: to khi hnh nn
Gi lnh:
Toolbar
Draw/Modeling/cone
cone
Dng lnh:
Command: _cone
Specify center point of base or [3P/2P/Ttr/Elliptical]: chn tm
Specify base radius or [Diameter] <78.1444>: nhp bn knh vng y
Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint/Top radius] <119.4188>:
Cc la chn khc:
Top radius: T. La chn ny v hnh nn ct. Khi nhp T xut hin:
Specify top radius <0.0000>: nhp bn khnh vng nh
1.3. To khi hnh nm WEDGE
Cng dng: to khi hnh nm
Gi lnh:
Toolbar
Draw/Modeling/wedge
Wedge
Dng lnh:
- 68 -
- 69 -
- 70 -
Bin dng
ng dn
Hnh 4.1 Dng lnh EXTRUDE v ci khay
- 71 -
Hnh 4.3
Hnh 4.4
Hnh 4.5
Hnh 4.6
- 72 -
Bi 5
CC LNH KHI RN C S V H TR TO
KHI RN NNG CAO
I Cc lnh to khi rn c s
1.1.
Lnh PYRAMID
Cng dng: To khi a din
Gi lnh:
Toolbar
Draw/Modeling/Pyramid
Pyr
Dng lnh:
Command: _pyramid
4 sides Circumscribed
Specify center point of base or
[Edge/Sides]:Xc nh tm ni tip hnh
trn.
Specify base radius or [Inscribed]
<234.146>: Bn knh vng trn ngoi tip.
Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint/Top
radius] <382.9614>: Chiu cao khi a
din.
Cc la chn khc:
Side: S. nh s cnh ca a din
Enter number of sides <4>: Nhp s cnh a din.
Edge: E. nh chiu di cnh y bng 2 im.
Specify first endpoint of edge: nh im th nht
Specify second endpoint of edge: nh im th 2 ca cnh a din
Top radius: T. nh bn knh vng trn mt trn to khi a din ct.
Specify top radius <0.0000>: nhp bn khnh vng nh
1.2.
Lnh POLYSOLID
Cng dng: To khi a tuyn, ly lnh polyline nhng c thm chiu dy
v chiu cao.
Gi lnh:
Toolbar
Draw/Modeling/Polysodid
Psolid
Dng lnh:
Command: _Polysolid
Specify start point or [Object/Height/Width/Justify]<Object>: Chn im u.
Specify next point or [Arc/Undo]: Chn im tip theo hoc theo dy cung
Specify next point or [Arc/Undo]: Chn im k tip.
- 73 -
- 74 -
- 75 -
- 76 -
Hnh 5.1
Hnh 5.2
M10x1,5
H = 0.86603xP
H1 = H/4 = 0.2376125
H2 = 5H/8 = 0,111903
Hnh 5.3
- 77 -
Bi 6
CC LNH HIU CHNH KHI RN
PHP BIN HNH 3D
I Cc lnh hiu chnh khi rn
1.1. Lnh CHAMFER
Cng dng: vt mp cc cnh ca solid.
Gi lnh:
Toolbar
Modify/chamfer
CHA
Dng lnh:
Command: cha
CHAMFER
(TRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist1 = 0.0000, Dist2 = 0.0000
Select first line or [Undo/Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/mEthod/Multiple]:
chn mt chun
Base surface selection...
Enter surface selection option [Next/OK (current)] <OK>: chn mt ny
hoc mt vung gc vi mt va chn lm mt chun
Specify base surface chamfer distance: gi tr vt trn mt chun
Specify other surface chamfer distance <10.0000>: gi tr trn mt vung
gc vi mt chun
Select an edge or [Loop]: chn cnh cn chamfer hoc chn la chn Loop
Select an edge or [Loop]: chn cnh cn chamfer hoc chn la chn Loop
hoc enter kt thc.
La chn Loop: vt mp tt c cc cnh trn mt chun.
Ch :
Phi CHAMFER trc khi c l khi khong cch vt vt qu im thp
hoc xa nht ca l .
Ch thc hin trn giao tuyn thng hoc cong nhng chng phi nm trn
cng mt mt phng.
1.2. Lnh FILLET
Cng dng: to gc ln (giao tuyn lm) hoc bo trn (giao tuyn li).
Gi lnh:
Toolbar
Modify/FILLET
F
Dng lnh:
Command: _fillet
Current settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 20.0000
Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: Chn cnh ca
mt cn bo
Enter fillet radius <20.0000>: Nhp bn knh bo
- 78 -
- 79 -
- 80 -
- 81 -
b. Polar array
Command: 3darray
Select objects: Chn i tng cn ARRAY
Select objects: Chn tip i tng hoc enter kt thc
Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar] <R>:P
Enter the number of items in the array: Nhp s i tng cn array
Specify the angle to fill (+=ccw, -=cw) <360>: nhp gi tr gc xoay
Rotate arrayed objects? [Yes/No] <Y>: C xoay i tng mu hay khng?
Specify center point of array: Chn tm ca trc xoay
Specify second point on axis of rotation: Chn im th 2 ca trc xoay
- 82 -
Hnh 6.1
Hnh 6.2
- 83 -
Hnh 6.3
Hnh 6.4
- 84 -
Bi 7
TO HNH CHIU 2D T M HNH 3D
I Gii thiu Model space v Paper space
Trong AutoCAD c hai khi nim v khng gian lm vic:
- Model Space khng gian m hnh
- Paper Space - khng gian giy v
1.1. Model space:
Model space: l m hnh 3 chiu trn bn c th xy dng m hnh c chiu cao, chiu
di v chiu rng.
Trong model space bn c th quan st m hnh t mt im bt k.
Bn c th chia mn hnh thnh nhiu khung nhn (Viewport) khc nhau
ng thi cng quan st m hnh t cc im nhn khc nhau.
Tuy nhin model space khng thch hp to cc bn v 2D t m hnh 3D
vi cc l do sau:
Ch in c viewport hin hnh, mc d trn mn hnh biu hin viewport.
Khng th in cng lc cc hnh chiu bng, ng, cnh trong model space.
Rt bt tin khi mun thm vo bn v 2D cc dng ch thch, kch thc.
Rt kh nh t l in vi t l chnh xc t cc viewport khc vi plan view.
Cc vn trn c th khc phc c trong khng gian giy v (paper space).
1.2. Paper space:
L khng gian hai chiu nm mt
ng ca model space nh l mt t
giy.
Bn c th nhp cc dng ch
thch, v ng bao, khung tn
trn paper space.
Ngoi ra bn cn c th quan
st model space qua cc khung
nhn trn paper space.
Paper space cho php to cc
hnh chiu 2D t m hnh 3D.
S thay i bt k trn m hnh
3D s t ng cp nhp trn cc
hnh chiu 2D.
Hnh 7.1 Paper space
Trn paper space s dng cc viewport
c bit gi l Floating viewport.
1.3. Chuyn i khng gian lm vic gia model space v paper space.
1.3.1 Model space sang paper space:
chuyn i mi trng lm vic t model space sang paper space ta c cc cch sau:
Cch to thm cc layout cho bn v;
Theo mt nh, mi file bn v ch c 2 layout. Nu bn mun to thm nhiu layout
na, hy thc hin mt trong hai cch sau;
- 85 -
View/viewport
MV
Dng lnh:
Specify corner of viewport or
(ON / OFF/ Fit / Shadeplot/ Lock/ Object/ polygonal/ Restore/ 2/3/4) < (Fit): im
1 v 2
- 86 -
Cch gi lnh:
o
View/3dview
o
Thanh cng c view.
- 87 -
- 88 -
- 89 -
Hnh 7.6
Hnh 7.7
- 90 -
Bi 8
TO HNH CHIU V HNH CT T M HNH
3D BNG LNH SOLVIEW V SOLDRAW
I To cc hnh chiu vung gc, hnh ct v hnh chiu ph
Cng dng
Lnh solview c thc hin trong mi trng paper space.
Lnh solview s t ng to ra cc lp mi: lp cc ng bao
thy (visible lines), lp cc ng khut (Hidden lines), lp
ng ct
(Section hatching), lp ng kch thc
(Dimensions)..
Tn cc lp c th hin nh sau:
Tn Layer
Dng i tng
View name Vis
Visible Lines
View name HID
Hidden Lines
View name DIM
Dimensions
View name HAT
Hatch Patterns
Cch gi lnh
Draw/ Modeling/ Setup/ View
Solview
Dng lnh
Enter an option (Ucs/ Ortho/ Auxiliary/ Section): chn cc la chn
Cc la chn
Ucs: U S dng mp ca Ucs hin hnh lm mp chiu.
Dng nhc ph:
V d: To hnh chiu bng bng la chn
Enter an Option (Named/ World/ ?/ UCS ca lnh SOLVIEW.
Current) < Current>: chp nhn Ucs ang
hin hnh..
Enter view Scale <1.0000>: T l cho hnh
chiu.
Specify view center: Xc nh im t ca
hnh chiu.
Specify view center: Tip tc hoc nhn
enter.
Specify first corner of viewport: xc nh
im th nht ca viewports.
Specify opposite corner of viewport: xc
nh im gc th hai ca viewports.
Hnh 8.1 To hnh chiu bng
Enter view name: t tn cho viewport.
Ortho: O To hnh chiu vung gc t viewports sn c (u tin chn Viewport
ang c xc nh hng chiu; sau nh tm hnh chiu; xc nh khung
Viewport cha hnh chiu v t tn)
Dng nhc ph:
Specify side of viewport to project : chn cnh ca viewport.
- 91 -
- 92 -
- 93 -
- 94 -
Hnh 8.7
Hnh 8.8
- 95 -
Bi 9
TRNH DIN M HNH
I Gn vt liu cho m hnh t bng Toolpalettes
gn vt liu mu t bng Toolpalettes cho m hnh, ta c th thc hin bng
cc cch sau:
Click vo mt mu vt liu trn bng v ko n n chm vo m hnh ri th ra.
Double click vo mu vt liu trn bng, xut hin con tr kiu bt v, sau
click ln m hnh cn gn.
II Thit lp cc ngun sng
2.1 To ngun sng
Cch gi lnh
View/render/light
Toolbar light
a. To ngun sng Point light
POINT LIGHT: ngun sng ta: ngun sng ny s chiu sng t mt im trn m
hnh n mi hng, cng nh sng gim theo khong cch. S dng ngun sng
Point light cho cc hiu ng nh sng ton din. V d nh nh sng n.
Dng lnh
Specify source location <0,0,0>:
Enter an option to change
[Name/Intensity/Status/shadoW/Attenuation/Color/eXit] <eXit>:
Cc la chn:
Name: N. t tn ngun sng cn to.
Intensity: iu chnh cng hoc sng ca nh sng. Phm vi t 0 n gi
tr ln nht c h tr bi h thng ca bn.
Status: Tt m ngun sng. Nu ngun sng khng c kch hot trn bn v th
cc thit lp ca n khng c tc dng.
shadoW: To bng .
Attenuation: nh quy lut cng ngun sng.
Color: iu khin mu ca nh sng.
a. To ngun sng Distance light
DISTANCE LIGHT: ngun sng xa: ngun sng s to ra cc tia sng song song chiu
ln ton b m hnh theo hng no . Cng nh sng khng ph thuc vo khong
cch. Ngun sng Distance light hu dng i vi vic to ra nh sng u nhau trn cc
i tng hoc trn mt tm mn no .
Dng lnh
Specify light direction FROM <0,0,0> or [Vector]: im t.
Specify light direction TO <1,1,1>: V tr ngun sng.
Enter an option to change [Name/Intensity/Status/shadoW/Color/eXit] <eXit>:
Cc la chn ca kiu ngun sng xa ging vi ngun sng ta.
b. To ngun sng splot light
SPOT LIGHT: ngun sng ri: ngun sng ny chiu nh sng trc tip n mt ch
ngm no trong mt phm vi hp v gim dn theo khong cch. Ngun sng
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