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Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

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Bi 1. GII THIU V AUTOCAD.............................................................................................. 5
I. Gii thiu:................................................................................................................................................................ 5
II. Khi ng Chng Trnh AutoCAD:................................................................................................................... 5
III. Mn hnh lm vic trong AutoCad 2007.............................................................................................................. 5
IV. Cc cch gi cc thanh cng c : ......................................................................................................................... 6
V. Cc phm tt gi lnh............................................................................................................................................. 6
VI. Cc cch gi lnh : ............................................................................................................................................... 7
VII. H Trc To Trong AutoCAD...................................................................................................................... 7
7.1. H to cc............................................................................................................................................. 7
7.2. H to cc ................................................................................................................................................. 8
7.3. Lnh UCSicon................................................................................................................................................ 8
VIII. Thit lp bn v vi cc nh dng: ................................................................................................................. 8
8.1 To bn v mi (Lnh New): ......................................................................................................................... 8
8.2 nh gii hn bn v (Lnh Drawing Limits):............................................................................................... 9
8.3 nh n v bn v (Lnh Units): .................................................................................................................. 9
8.4 nh n v, t l bn v v khng gian v: (Lnh Mvsetup) ..................................................................... 10
8.5. Lnh Ortho:.................................................................................................................................................. 10
8.6. Thit lp mi trng v (Lnh Options): .................................................................................................... 10

Bi 2. ............................................................................................................................................. 13
LAYER V CC CH TRUY BT IM.......................................................................... 13
I. Khi nim v Layer ............................................................................................................................................... 13
1.1. Ta c th gn chng vi cc tnh cht sau : ................................................................................................ 13
1.2. ngha ca vic to layer : ......................................................................................................................... 13
II. S dng Layer trong bn v................................................................................................................................. 13
2.1. To v gn tnh cht cho lp ....................................................................................................................... 13
2.2. Cc Trng Thi Ca Lp ............................................................................................................................. 13
III Cc ch truy bt im.................................................................................................................................. 13
3.1. Ch Truy Bt im Tm Tr ................................................................................................................ 13
3.2. Ch truy bt im thng tr ................................................................................................................. 14
IV. Cc phng php nhp ta im................................................................................................................... 14
IV. Cc kiu chn i tng .................................................................................................................................... 15
4.1. Pickbox ........................................................................................................................................................ 15
4.2. Window........................................................................................................................................................ 15
4.3. Crossing Window ........................................................................................................................................ 15
4.4. Fence ............................................................................................................................................................ 15
4.5. Auto.............................................................................................................................................................. 15
V. Ghi bn v thnh file............................................................................................................................................ 15
5.1. Lnh Save: ................................................................................................................................................... 15
5.2 Lnh Save As ................................................................................................................................................ 15
VI. Hy b lnh thc hin (Lnh Undo, U): ....................................................................................................... 16
VII. Lnh Redo: ........................................................................................................................................................ 16
VIII. Ch Autotrack............................................................................................................................................. 16

Bi 3. CC LNH V C BN .................................................................................................. 20
I. Lnh Line: ............................................................................................................................................................. 20
II. Lnh Circle........................................................................................................................................................... 20
III. Lnh Polygon...................................................................................................................................................... 20
IV. Lnh Rectang...................................................................................................................................................... 21

Bi 4. CC LNH V HNH ....................................................................................................... 24


I. Lnh Xline ............................................................................................................................................................. 24
II. Lnh Arc............................................................................................................................................................... 24
III. Lnh Pline ........................................................................................................................................................... 25
IV. Lnh Spline......................................................................................................................................................... 26
V. Lnh Ellipse ......................................................................................................................................................... 27
VI. Lnh Point........................................................................................................................................................... 27
VII. Lnh Divide:...................................................................................................................................................... 28
VIIII. Lnh Measure ................................................................................................................................................. 28
IX. Lnh Point Style ................................................................................................................................................. 28

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


Bi 5. CC LNH HIU CHNH HNH ..................................................................................... 30
I. Lnh Erase ............................................................................................................................................................. 30
II. Lnh Copy............................................................................................................................................................ 30
III. Lnh Mirror......................................................................................................................................................... 30
IV. Lnh Offset ......................................................................................................................................................... 30
V. Lnh Move ........................................................................................................................................................... 31
VI. Lnh Trim ........................................................................................................................................................... 31
VII. Lnh Extend ..................................................................................................................................................... 31
VIII. Lnh Chamfer ................................................................................................................................................. 31

Bi 6. CC LNH HIU CHNH HNH ..................................................................................... 34


I. Lnh Properties: ................................................................................................................................................... 34
II. Lnh Match Properties:....................................................................................................................................... 34
III. Lnh Array......................................................................................................................................................... 34
IV. Lnh Rotate ....................................................................................................................................................... 35
V. Lnh Scale........................................................................................................................................................... 35
VI. Lnh Stretch....................................................................................................................................................... 36
VII. Lnh Break ....................................................................................................................................................... 36
VIII. Lnh Fillet....................................................................................................................................................... 36

Bi 7. GHI CH LN BN V................................................................................................... 39
I. To kiu ch:........................................................................................................................................................ 39
II. Nhp dng ch vo bn v (Lnh Dtext): .......................................................................................................... 39
III. Nhp on vn vo bn v (Lnh Mtext):.......................................................................................................... 39
IV. Lnh Scaletext: ................................................................................................................................................... 40
V. Lnh Justifytext: .................................................................................................................................................. 40

Bi 8. V MT CT .................................................................................................................... 41
Bi 9. GHI KCH THC TRN BN V ................................................................................ 42
I. Cc thnh phn kch thc: ............................................................................................................................... 42
II. To cc kiu ghi kch thc .............................................................................................................................. 42
III. Cc lnh ghi kch thc ................................................................................................................................... 44

PHAN THAM KHAO .................................................................................................................... 50


AUTOCAD 3D .............................................................................................................................. 50
Bi 1:............................................................................................................................................. 51
M U ...................................................................................................................................... 51
I Gii thiu cc dng m hnh 3D ......................................................................................................................... 51
1.1. M hnh 2. 1/2 chiu................................................................................................................................... 51
1.2. M hnh khung dy...................................................................................................................................... 51
1.3. M hnh mt cong........................................................................................................................................ 51
1.4. M hnh solid:.............................................................................................................................................. 51
II Thit lp hng quan st 3D.............................................................................................................................. 51
III iu khin biu tng h trc ta ............................................................................................................... 51
IV Cc ch truy bt im 3D:........................................................................................................................... 52
V Cc cch nhp ta 3D ................................................................................................................................... 52
VI Quan st m hnh 3D bng la chn 3DORBIT.............................................................................................. 52
VII Lnh Trim 3D................................................................................................................................................. 52
VIII Bi tp: ........................................................................................................................................................... 52

Bi 2: ............................................................................................................................................. 54
THIT LP H TRC TA - .............................................................................................. 54
M HNH SURFACE .................................................................................................................. 54
I Thit lp h trc ta ........................................................................................................................................ 54
II M hnh 2.5 chiu .............................................................................................................................................. 54
III M hnh Surface ............................................................................................................................................... 55
3.1.Lnh 3D face:................................................................................................................................................ 55
3.2. Lnh Edge .................................................................................................................................................... 55
3.3.Cc mt cong 3D c s................................................................................................................................. 55
3.4. Mt li a gic:.......................................................................................................................................... 58
3.5. Cc lnh to mt li a gic ...................................................................................................................... 58
IV Bi tp............................................................................................................................................................... 60

Bi 3 .............................................................................................................................................. 63
TO KHI RN 3D .................................................................................................................... 63

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

-2-

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


I Cc khi rn c s ............................................................................................................................................... 63
1.1. Khi hnh ch nht: BOX............................................................................................................................ 63
1.2. Khi hnh tr: CYLINDER ......................................................................................................................... 63
II Cc php ton i s BOOLE............................................................................................................................ 64
2.1. Php cng UNION....................................................................................................................................... 64
2.2. Php tr SUBTRACT.................................................................................................................................. 64
2.3. Php giao INTERSECT............................................................................................................................... 64
2.4. Trnh t to khi rn phc tp..................................................................................................................... 65
2.5. V d:............................................................................................................................................................ 65
III - Cc dng hin th m hnh trc quan............................................................................................................... 65
III Bi tp:.............................................................................................................................................................. 66

Bi 4 .............................................................................................................................................. 68
TO KHI RN 3D (TT)............................................................................................................ 68
I Cc khi rn c s (TT) ...................................................................................................................................... 68
1.1. To khi hnh cu SPHRERE ..................................................................................................................... 68
1.2. To khi hnh nn CONE............................................................................................................................ 68
1.3. To khi hnh nm WEDGE ....................................................................................................................... 68
1.4.To khi hnh xuyn TORUS....................................................................................................................... 69
II Cc lnh h tr to khi rn .............................................................................................................................. 69
2.1. Lnh EXTRUDE ......................................................................................................................................... 69
2.2. Lnh REVOLVE ......................................................................................................................................... 70
III Ghi kch thc v mt ct trn m hnh........................................................................................................... 71
IV Bi tp:.............................................................................................................................................................. 71

Bi 5 .............................................................................................................................................. 73
CC LNH KHI RN C S V H TR TO KHI RN NNG CAO........................ 73
I Cc lnh to khi rn c s................................................................................................................................. 73
1.1. Lnh PYRAMID ..................................................................................................................................... 73
1.2.
Lnh POLYSOLID ........................................................................................................................... 73
II Cc lnh h tr to khi rn .............................................................................................................................. 74
2.1. Lnh HELIX ................................................................................................................................................ 74
2.2. Lnh SWEEP ............................................................................................................................................... 75
2.3. Lnh LOFT .................................................................................................................................................. 75
2.4. Lnh PRESSPULL ...................................................................................................................................... 76
III Bi tp ............................................................................................................................................................... 77

Bi 6 .............................................................................................................................................. 78
CC LNH HIU CHNH KHI RN ................................................................................... 78
PHP BIN HNH 3D.................................................................................................................. 78
I Cc lnh hiu chnh khi rn............................................................................................................................... 78
1.1. Lnh CHAMFER......................................................................................................................................... 78
1.2. Lnh FILLET............................................................................................................................................... 78
1.3. Lnh SLICE ................................................................................................................................................. 79
1.4. Lnh SECTION ........................................................................................................................................... 79
1.5. Lnh SECTION PLANE ............................................................................................................................. 80
II Cc lnh v php bin hnh 3D.......................................................................................................................... 80
2.1. Lnh 3D ROTATE ...................................................................................................................................... 80
2.2.Lnh 3D MIRROR ....................................................................................................................................... 81
2.3. Lnh 3D ALIGN.......................................................................................................................................... 81
2.4. Lnh 3D ARRAY ........................................................................................................................................ 82
III Bi tp:.............................................................................................................................................................. 83

Bi 7 .............................................................................................................................................. 85
TO HNH CHIU 2D T M HNH 3D.................................................................................. 85
I Gii thiu Model space v Paper space .............................................................................................................. 85
1.1. Model space: ................................................................................................................................................ 85
1.2. Paper space: ................................................................................................................................................. 85
1.3. Chuyn i khng gian lm vic gia model space v paper space. ......................................................... 85
II To khung nhn ng ......................................................................................................................................... 86
III To cc hnh chiu vung gc.......................................................................................................................... 87
IV iu chnh v tr cc hnh chiu vung gc ..................................................................................................... 87
V To ng bao nt khut cho m hnh 3D v ba hnh chiu ............................................................................ 88
VI To lp trong khng gian giy v .................................................................................................................... 88

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


VII Trnh t to hnh chiu 2D t m hnh 3D..................................................................................................... 88
VIII Bi tp: ........................................................................................................................................................... 89

Bi 8 .............................................................................................................................................. 91
TO HNH CHIU V HNH CT T M HNH 3D BNG LNH SOLVIEW V
SOLDRAW ................................................................................................................................... 91
I To cc hnh chiu vung gc, hnh ct v hnh chiu ph ............................................................................... 91
II To ng bao, nt khut, v tuyn nh cho cc hnh chiu ............................................................................ 93
III Hng dn to hnh chiu, hnh ct ............................................................................................................ 93
IV Bi tp:.............................................................................................................................................................. 94

Bi 9 .............................................................................................................................................. 96
TRNH DIN M HNH.............................................................................................................. 96
I Gn vt liu cho m hnh t bng Toolpalettes.................................................................................................. 96
II Thit lp cc ngun sng ................................................................................................................................... 96
2.1 To ngun sng............................................................................................................................................. 96
2.2 Thit lp v tr a l to ngun sng mt tri.............................................................................................. 97
2.3 Thay i tnh cht ca nh sng mt tri ..................................................................................................... 97
III Thit lp my quay (camera)............................................................................................................................ 98
IV Thit lp mi trng trnh din........................................................................................................................ 98
V Trnh din m hnh bng lnh Render............................................................................................................... 99

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Bi 1. GII THIU V AUTOCAD


I. Gii thiu:
CAD l ch vit tt ca Computer Aided Design hoc Computer Aided Drafting
c ngha l phn mm tr gip thit k hoc v bng my tnh. S dng cc phn
mm Cad ta c th v cc bn v thit k 2 chiu, thit k m hnh ba chiu, tnh
ton kt cu bng phng php phn t hu hn.
Cc phn mm Cad c c im ni bt l:
- Chnh xc.
- Nng sut cao nh cc lnh sao chp.
- D dng trao i d liu vi cc phn mm khc.
Hin nay, trn th gii c hng ngn phn mm CAD v mt trong nhng phn
mm thit k trn my tnh c nhn ph bin nht l Autocad. Autocad l phn mm
ca hng Autodesk dng thc hin cc bn v k thut trong cc ngnh: xy
dng, c kh, kin trc, in, bn , bn v no thc hin c bng tay th c
th d dng thc hin bng Autocad.

II. Khi ng Chng Trnh AutoCAD:


khi ng AutoCAD 2007 ta chn biu tng v nhp p
phm tri chut. Nu khng c biu tng ny ta vo Start/Program v
gi AutoCAD 2007.
III. Mn hnh lm vic trong AutoCad 2007
Mn hnh lm vic trong CAD bao gm:
- Graphics Area: Vng ha l vng ta th hin bn v. Mu mn hnh ha
c nh bi trang Display ca hp thoi Options, Window Elements (Lnh Options).
- Cross - hair: Hai si tc theo phng trc X v trc Y giao nhau ti 1 im. Ta
im giao nhau th hin cui mn hnh (Hnh 1.1). Chiu di hai si tc c nh
bi trang Display ca hp thoi Options , Crosshair size.
- UCSicon: Biu tng h to ca ngi s dng (User Coordinate System
Icon) nm pha gc tri cui mn hnh. Ta c th m hoc tt biu tng ny bng
lnh UCSicon.
- Status line: Dng trng thi AutoCAD 2007 nm pha di vng ho. Ti y
hin th cc trng thi: SNAP,GRID, ORTHO,POLAR, OSNAP, OTRACK, LWT,
MODEL. iu khin cc trng thi ny ta nhp phm tri chut hai ln vo tn trng
thi hoc dng phm chc nng.
- To : AutoCAD 2007 cho to nm pha gc tri pha di vng ho.
Hin ln to tuyt i ca con chy (giao im ca hai si tc).
Khi khng thc hin cc lnh th to hin ln l to tuyt i, s u tin l
honh (trc X), s th hai l tung (trc Y).
Khi ang thc hin cc lnh v v hiu chnh th ta c th lm xut hin to cc
tng i bng cch nhn phm F6. Do , ta c th dng phm F6 tt m to hoc
chuyn t to tuyt i sang to cc tng i.
- Command line: Dng lnh c t nht 2 dng pha di mn hnh ho. y l
ni nhp lnh hoc hin th cc dng nhc ca my (cn gi l dng nhc Prompt line).
Vng ny l vng m ta trc tip i thoi vi my.
- Menu bar: Thanh ngang danh mc, nm pha trn vng ho. AutoCAD 2007
c 11 tiu . Mi tiu cha mt nhm lnh ca AutoCAD. Cc tiu AutoCAD
2007: File, Edit, View, Insert, Format, Tools, Draw, Dimension, Modify, , Window v
Help.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

-5-

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


- Pull- down menu: Danh mc ko xung, khi ta chn mt tiu s xut hin
mt danh mc ko xung. Ti danh mc ny ta c th gi cc lnh cn thc hin.
- Screen menu: Danh mc mn hnh nm pha phi vng ha. Trong AutoCAD
2007, Screen menu khng c mc nh khi vo AutoCAD. tt hoc m danh mc
mn hnh bng hp thoi Options trong tiu Tools.
Cc ch trn danh mc mn hnh c qui nh nh sau:
+ Ch in hoa: Tn Menu.
+ Ch u tin l in hoa vi du 2 chm : Tn lnh.
+ Ch u tin l in hoa khng c du 2 chm : Tn la chn.
+ Toolbars: Trong AutoCAD 2007 c nhiu Toolbars, mi lnh c mt nt
chn vi biu tng trong Toolbars. lm xut hin cc Toolbars ta thc hin lnh
Toolbars trong tiu View.
- Scroll bar: Thanh cun gm c: thanh bn phi ko mn hnh (vn bn v
ha) ln xung, thanh ngang pha di vng ha dng ko mn hnh t tri sang
phi hoc ngc li.

Hnh 1.1. Cu trc mn hnh ha


IV. Cc cch gi cc thanh cng c :
Cch 1 :
view / toolbar
chn toolbar
nh Du Chn Vo Cc Thanh Cn
M
Cch 2 :
trn thanh cng c sn c click phi
chn thanh cng c cn m
V. Cc phm tt gi lnh
F1
: Thc hin lnh Help.
F3 hay l Ctrl+F: Tt m ch truy bt im thng tr (Running Osnap).

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

-6-

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


F5 hay Ctrl+E: Trong hp thoi Drafting Settings, trn trang Snap and Grid trong
chn Snap Type ta chn l Isometric Snap th phm ny dng chuyn t mt chiu trc
o ny sang mt chiu trc o khc.
F6 hay Ctrl+D: COORDS - ON/OFF Dng hin th ng to khi thay i v tr
trn mn hnh.
F7 hay Ctrl+G: GRID - ON/OFF Dng m hay tt mng li im (Grid).
F8 hay Ctrl+L: ORTHO - ON/OFF Khi th loi ny c m th ng thng lun l
ng thng ng hay nm ngang.
F9 hay Ctrl+B: SNAP ON/OFF Dng m hot tt SNAP.
F10
: Tt hay m dng trng thi (Status line).
Nt tri ca chut: Ch nh (Pick) mt im trn mn hnh, chn i tng hoc dng
chn lnh t (Screen Menu) hay Menu Bar (Pull Down Menu).
Nt phi ca chut: Tng ng vi phm Enter.
Shift + nt phi ca chut: Lm xut hin bn danh sch cc phng thc truy bt
im. Danh sch ny gi l Cursor menu.
Enter, Spacebar: Kt thc lnh, kt thc vic nhp d liu hoc thc hin li mt lnh
trc .
Esc
: Hy b mt lnh hay x l ang tin hnh.
R (Redraw) : Ty sch mt cch nhanh chng nhng du + (Blip Mode) trong bn v.
Up Arrow (mi tn hng ln): Gi li lnh thc hin trc ti dng Command v
kt hp vi Down Arrow (Mi tn hng xung). Lnh ny ch thc hin khi ta nhn
phm Enter.
Cc phm tt khc:
Ctrl + C
: Sao chp cc i tng c chn vo Clipboard.
Ctrl + X
: Ct cc i tng c chn vo Clipboard.
Ctrl + V
: Dn cc i tng c chn trong Clipboard vo bn v.
Ctrl + O
: Thc hin lnh Open.
Ctrl + N
: Thc hin lnh New.
Ctrl + S
: Thc hin lnh Qsave.
Ctrl + Z
: Thc hin lnh Undo.
Ctrl + Y
: Thc hin lnh Redo.
Ctrl + P
: Thc hin lnh Plot/Print.
Ctrl + A
: Tt m nhm cc i tng c chn bng lnh Group.
VI. Cc cch gi lnh :
Ta c ba cch gi lnh:
1. Type in: Nhp lnh t bn phm
2. Pull- down: Nhp lnh t Sub menu.
3. Toolbars: Nhp lnh t biu tng
4. Screen menu: Nhp lnh t danh mc mn hnh
VII. H Trc To Trong AutoCAD
7.1. H to cc
H to cc c s dng ph bin trong ton v ho, xc nh v tr ca cc
hnh hc trong mt phng hoc khng gian ba chiu. Trong Autocad, khi ta dng h to
cc, nhp to vo bn v th ta nhp cc gi tr s ca honh , tung nu
ta ang v hai chiu (2D) v thm cao nu ta v thit k ba chiu (3D).

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

-7-

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


7.2. H to cc
To cc c s dng nh v tr 1 im trong mt phng XY. To cc ch
nh khong cch 1 im so vi gc to (0,0) v gc so vi ng chun (trc X hoc
Y) tu ta thit lp.
nhp to cc ta nhp khong cch v gc c cch nhau bi du mc nhn <.
7.3. Lnh UCSicon
Lnh UCSicon dng iu khin s hin th ca biu tng h to .

Command: UCSicon

Enter an option [ON/OFF/All/Noorigin/Origin/Properties]<ON>: (chn la chn)

Cc la chn

ON (OFF) M (tt) biu tng to trn mn hnh.


All th hin biu tng to trn mi khung nhn.
Noorigin biu tng to ch xut
hin ti gc tri pha di mn hnh.
Origin biu tng lun lun di chuyn
theo gc to .
Properties lm xut hin hp thoi
UCS Icon. Trn hp thoi ny ta gn cc
tnh cht hin th ca biu tng to .
VIII. Thit lp bn v vi cc nh dng:
Khi bt u thc hin mt bn v ta lun thc hin cc bc chun b nh: t l
bn v (Scale), nh n v (Units), gii hn bn v (Limit v Zoom All), to lp (Layer),
gn mu v dng ng cho lp (Color v Linetype), nh t l dng ng (Ltscale), cc
bin kch thc (Dimvariables), kiu ch (Text Style), bng tn v.v
gim bt thi gian chun b cho mt bn v, tt c cc bc trn ta thc hin
mt ln v ghi li trong mt th mc bn v gi l bn v mu (Template Drawing).
Trong AutoCAD 2007 c sn cc bn v mu theo ANSI (Tiu chun M), DIN (Tiu
chun c), JIS (Tiu chun Nht Bn), ISO (Tiu chun quc t).
8.1 To bn v mi (Lnh New):
Pull- down menu Screen menu Type in
Toolbars
File/New
File/New
New hoc Ctr+N Standard
Command: New.
Xut hin hp thoi: Select
Template.
Chn acadiso.dwt.
Khi chn acadiso.dwt th n v v
l mm.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

-8-

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


8.2 nh gii hn bn v (Lnh Drawing Limits):
Pull- down menu
Screen menu
Type in Toolbars
Format/Drawing Limits FORMAT/ Limits
Limits
Lnh Limits xc nh kch thc vng ha bng cch nh cc im gc tri
pha di (Lower Left Corner) v gc phi pha trn (Upper Right Corner) bng ta
X,Y.
Command: '_limits.
Reset Model space limits:
Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.0000,0.0000>: 0,0.
Specify upper right corner <420.0000,297.0000>:.
Cc chn la:
- ON: Khng cho php v ra ngoi vng gii hn bn v nh. Nu ta v ra
ngoi gii hn s xut hin dng nhc **Outside limits.
- OFF: Cho php v ra ngoi vng gii hn nh.
- Lower left corner: Gc di pha tri.
- Upper right corner: Gc phi pha trn.
8.3 nh n v bn v (Lnh Units):
Pull- down menu
Screen menu
Type in
Toolbars
Format/Units
Format/Ddunits Units hay Ddunits
Command: Units .
Xut hin hp thoi DrawingUnits.
Lnh Units nh n v di v n v gc cho bn v hin hnh. Theo tiu chun
Vit Nam Length nn chn Decimal v Angle nn chn Decimal degrees. Cp chnh xc
(Precision) chn 0.
Hng gc m cng chiu kim ng h. Nu khng chn th chiu dng ca gc
l ngc chiu kim ng h.
Direction : Chn ng chun v hng o gc, khi chn s xut hin hp
thoi Direction Control.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

-9-

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


8.4 nh n v, t l bn v v khng gian v: (Lnh Mvsetup)
Lnh MVSETUP dng thit lp trong khng gian m hnh v khng gian phng.
S dng lnh ny ta c th nh n v, t l v gii hn bn v v chn ng vin vo
bn v y l mt chng trnh c vit bng ngn ng AutoLisp.
Command: mvsetup.
Initializing...
Enable paper space? [No/Yes] <Y>:
Enter units type [Scientific/ Decimal/ Engineering/ Architectural/ Metric]: M
(Chn h n v thp phn).
Enter the scale factor: G vo t l
mun chn (Ch cn g vo mu s,
AutoCAD ngm hiu t s l 1).
Enter the paper width: G vo chiu
rng bn v .
Enter the paper height: G vo
chiu cao bn v .
AutoCAD s xut hin mt bn v c
khung bn v hnh ch nht bao quanh gii
hn bn v.
Ty vo t l bn v, nh cc bin Ltscale (T l dng ng), Dimscale (T l
dng ng kch thc) tng ng. Sau v khung tn cho bn v.
8.5. Lnh Ortho:
Lnh Ortho thit lp ch v line theo phng X v Y.
Menu bar Nhp lnh
Phm tt
Ortho
F9 hoc Ctrl+L
Command: Ortho .
Enter mode [ON/OFF] <OFF>: Chn la chn.
8.6. Thit lp mi trng v (Lnh Options):
Pull- down menu Screen menu Type in
Tools/options
Tools/Options Options
Khi mn hnh thc hin lnh Options xut hin hp thoi Options v nhiu la
chn khc nhau. Sau y gii thiu mt s thit lp mi trng v.
Trang Dislay:
+ thay i mu, font ch ca mn hnh ho ta chn nt color hoc font, khi
s xut hin cc hp thoi tng ng.
+ Thay i di hai si tc theo phng X, Y ta iu chnh thanh trt
Crosshair size.
+ iu chnh phn gii mn hnh ti Display resolution.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 10 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Trang Open and save:


Save as: Chn phin bn AutoCAD lu bn v.
Automatic save: My t ng save li sau thi gian t chn.
Trang User Preferences:
Chn hoc khng chn hin th Shortcut menu trn ho bng cch chn vo
shortcut menu in drawing area.
Chn Right click Customization qui nh chut phi.

Trang Drafting:
Cc la chn ti ct Autosnap settings:
+ Marker: M hoc tt khung hnh k hiu im truy bt.
+ Magnet: M hoc tt ch Magnet.
+ Display AutoSnap Tooltip: Kim tra s hin th ca ch gii cng c
AutoSnap.
+ Display AutoSnap Aperture Box: Kim tra s hin th ca vung bt
im (AutoSnap Aperture Box).
AutoSnap Marker Color: Ch nh mu cho AutoSnap Marker.
AutoSnap Marker size: Gn kch thc khi hin th cho AutoSnap Marker.
Aperture size: Gn ln ca vung truy bt.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 11 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Trang Selection:
iu chnh ln nh ca con
chy bng cch ko thanh trt Pickbox
size.
Thay i ln v mu ca Grid
ti ca s Grid.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 12 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Bi 2.
LAYER V CC CH TRUY BT IM
I. Khi nim v Layer
Trong bn v AutoCad , cc i tng c cng chc nng s c nhm thnh
mt lp layer, layer l mt mt phng trong sut cha cc i tng c cng chc nng,
dng t chc v qun l chng trong bn v .
1.1. Ta c th gn chng vi cc tnh cht sau :
Tn Lp : name; Dng ng : linetype; Mu : color ;Chiu rng nt : lineweight
1.2. ngha ca vic to layer :
Khi to layer s cho chng ta in mt cch d dng bi khi ta gn mt layer n
c y cc tnh nng khi in mt bn v nu qun l tt v layer cho ta thy c
tnh thm m ca bn v v tc phong lm vic ca ngi thit k, trong mt bn v tao
nhiu layer s lm cho vic thit k cc chi tit phc tp s d dng v n gin hn
II. S dng Layer trong bn v
2.1. To v gn tnh cht cho lp
Cch Gi Lnh :
Command : la
format \ layer T thanh cng c : toolbar \ layer \ layer propeties manger
xut hin hp thoi layer propeties manger
Ch : layer 0 l layer do my mc nh sn cho nn chng ta khng xo c khi to
mt bn v mi th ch layer 0 m thi
2.2. Cc Trng Thi Ca Lp
Tt \ m (off \ on): nu 1 lp b off th i tng thuc lp s b n i v xut hin
khi ch on
ng bng \ tan bng (freeze \ thaw):khi cc i tng thuc lp b freege s c n
i v xut hin khi ch thaw.
Kha v m kha (Lock and Unlock): cc i tng thuc lp trng thi lock s
khng th tc ng bng cc lnh hiu chnh (modify)

Hnh 2.1 Hp thoi layer propeties manger


III Cc ch truy bt im
3.1. Ch Truy Bt im Tm Tr
Cch 1 : chn trn thanh cng c

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 13 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Cch 2 : Dng t hp phm SHIFT + Right Click xut hin sub menu truy bt im:
Mt s phng thc truy bt im trn i
tng thng dng :
CENter : im tm
ENDpoint : im cui
MIDpoint : im gia
INTersection : im Giao
QUAdrant : im phn t ng trn
PERpendicular : im vung gc
TANgent : im tip tuyn
Mid Between 2 Points: im gia ca 2 im

3.2. Ch truy bt im thng tr


mc nh ch truy bt
im thng tr ta vo Tool/
Drafting Settings/ Chn tab
Object Snap. nh du vo cc
ch truy bt im thng
dng.

Hnh 2.1 Hp thoi truy bt im


IV. Cc phng php nhp ta im
Cch 1 : dng phm nhp bng cch click tri chut.
Cch 2 : dng to tuyt i :to ca im c xc nh t 0(0,0,)
nhp to (X,Y ) ca im heo gc O (0,0,0)
nhp to (D< ) ca im theo gc O (0,0,0)
Cch 3 : dng to tng i : l to ca im cn xc nh
To cc tng i : ti dng lnh nhp @XY (c tnh vi im chn lm
gc) gi tr ca XY c th mang du + hoc - tu thuc vo v tr ca im mi so
vi im c nhng trong khi v nu chng ta s dng nhiu ln h trc to tuyt
hay tng i th nng sut thc hin bn v rt lu nn Autocad h tr cho chng ta
cch nhp lnh trc tip bng cch nh hng v bng cursor (kt hp vi ch v

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 14 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


vung gc (Othor) v nhp trc tip gi tr chiu di t bn phm v g Enter kt
thc.
IV. Cc kiu chn i tng
4.1. Pickbox
S dng chn, mi ln ta ch chn c 1 i tng. Ti dng nhc Select
object xut hin vung, ko i tng ny giao vi i tng cn chn v nhp chut
tri.
4.2. Window
S dng khung ca s la chn i tng. Ti dng nhc Select object ta
nhp W. Chn 2 im P1 v P2 xc nh khung ca s, nhng i tng no nm
trong khung ca s s c chn.
4.3. Crossing Window
S dng ca s ct chn i tng. Ti dng nhc Select object ta nhp C.
Chn 2 im P1 v P2 xc nh khung ca s, nhng i tng no nm trong hoc
giaovi khung ca s s c chn.
4.4. Fence
La chn ny cho php nh cc im to mt ng ct bao gm nhiu phn
on, i tng no giao vi ng ct ny s c chn. Ti dng nhc Select object
ta nhp F.
4.5. Auto
Ti dng nhc Select object ta chn hai im xc nh khung ca s. Nu
im u tin bn tri, im th hai bn phi th nhng i tng no nm trong khung
ca s mi c chn (tng t cch chn Window). Nu im u tin bn phi, im
th hai bn tri th nhng i tng no nm trong v giao vi khung ca s s c
chn (tng t cch chn Crossing Window).

V. Ghi bn v thnh file


5.1. Lnh Save:
Pull- down menu
File/Save

Screen menu
File/Save

Type in
Save or Ctr+S

Toolbars
Standard

Command: Save .
Lnh Save dng ghi bn v hin hnh thnh mt tp tin c t tn.
5.2 Lnh Save As
Pull- down menu
Screen menu
Type in
Toolbars
File/Save as
File/Save as
Save as
Command: Save as .
Xut hin hp thoi: Save Drawing As.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 15 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


Lnh Save As dng ghi bn v
hin hnh vi 1 tn khc hay t tn ln
u tin cho bn v (lc cha c t tn,
bn v c tn tm thi l Drawing), cc
bc thc hin nh sau:
Chn ng dn trong Save in, t
tn trong File Name,
Chn phin bn AutoCAD trong : Files of As Type.
VI. Hy b lnh thc hin (Lnh Undo, U):
Pull- down menu
Screen menu
Type in
Edit/ Undo
Edit/ Undo
Undo,Uhay Ctrl+Z

Toolbars
Standard

Command: Undo .
Lnh Undo dng hu b ln lt cc lnh thc hin trc trn bn v hin
hnh.
VII. Lnh Redo:
Pull- down menu
Edit/ Redo

Screen menu
Edit/ Redo

Type in
Redo hay Ctrl+Y

Toolbars
Standard

Command: Redo .
Lnh Redo dng sau cc lnh U hoc Undo phc hi mt lnh va hy trc
.
VIII. Ch Autotrack
AutoTrack gip bn v cc i tng theo gc ch nh hoc trong s quan h vi
cc i tng khc. Khi bn m ch AutoTrack th cc ng dn hng tm thi
gip bn to cc i tng theo v tr v gc chnh xc. AutoTrack bao gm hai la chn:
d tm theo gc (Polar; polar tracking) v d tm theo im truy bt (Otrack object snap
tracking). Bn c th tt hoc m AutoTrack bng cch chn nt polar v otrack trn
thanh trng thi. Otrack lm vic trong s kt hp vi cc phng thc bt im. Bn cn
phi gn cc phng thc bt im trc khi bn c th d vt t cc truy bt im ca
i tng. Vic gn vung Autosnap kim tra v tr no ca con chy s xut hin cc
ng dn hng..
1. D tm theo gc (POLAR)
S dng Polar d vt con chy dc theo ng dn hng tm thi c xc
nh bi cc gc cc lin quan n dng nhc lnh Specify first point v Specify next
point or [Undo]. Bn c th s dng Polar i vi Arc, Circle, Line hoc cc lnh hiu
chnh nh Copy v Move.
tt m ch Polar ta nhn phm F10 hoc chn nt Polar dng trng thi.
Bn c th s dng POLAR nhp ta im theo s gia gc cc (Increment
angle): 90; 60; 45; 30; 22,5; 18; 15; 10 v 5 hoc bn c th ch nh gi tr s gia bt
k.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 16 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

V khi m ch ORTHO tng ng vi s gia gc l 90o; do bn khng th


ng thi m ch ORTHO cng vi POLAR. AutoCAD s t ng tt POLAR khi
bn m ch ORTHO.
2. Thay i ch gn POLAR.
Theo mc nh POLAR c gn vi s gia gc l 90o; tng ng vi ch
ORTHO c m. Bn c th thay i s gia gc cc v gn s gia ti v tr con chy bt
im dc theo ng dn hng khi POLAR v ch SNAP c m.
Bn cn c th thay i trc o chun ca gc cc. Gc cc tuyt i c o
theo trc X v Y ca UCS hin hnh. o gc cc tng i da trn gc cc ca trc X
v Y theo on thng cui cng c to (hoc on thng gia hai im cui cng c
to) trong thi gian ang thc hin lnh. Nu bn bt u v on thng ti im cui,
im gia, hoc im gn i tng nht ca mt on thng no th gc cc s tng
i so vi on thng ny. Ch khi s dng AutoTrack th phi m ng thi cc ch
: POLAR; OSNAP; v OTRACK trn dng trng thi.
Trnh thay i gn gc cc:
- T Tools menu chn Drafting Settings.
- Trn trang Polar Tracking ca hp thoi Drafting Settings chn Polar
Tracking On m ch Polar.
- Ti danh sch Increment Angle chn s gia gc cc.
- Nu bn mun to thm mt s gia khc vi danh sch th bn chn nt
Additional Angles lm xut hin son tho hoc chn nt New nhp thm s gia
gc cc.
- Ti Polar Angle Measurement chn phng php o:
o Absolute (tuyt i): da trn trc X v Y ca UCS hin hnh.
o Relative (tng i): ly on thng va to lm ng chun o gc. Nu
im u tin Specify first point, ca on thng bn sp to l im cui; im gia;
hoc mt im nm trn mt on thng no th gc c o theo on thng ny.
- Chn nt OK.
thm s gia gc cc mi vo ta c th s dng bin POLARADDANG.
C th gi hp thoi Drafting Settings bng cch thc hin lnh Dsettings hoc
Shortcut menu bng cch r con tr nt POLAR trn dng trng thi v nhp nt phi ca
chut, trn menu ny chn Settings
3. Nhp gc cc bt k
Bn c th nhp gc cc bt k khi ch nh mt im. Khi , ti dng
nhc nhp im bn nhp gi tr gc nghing sau du <.
4. D vt theo im truy bt (OTRACK)
S dng OTRACK d vt dc theo ng dn hng, m ng ny
da theo cc im ca i tng c m ta truy bt.
V d bn c th chn mt im dc theo ng dn da trn im cui,
im gia hoc giao im gia cc i tng.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 17 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


M ch OTRACK.
- M ch truy bt thng tr (Lnh Osnap) v gn cc truy bt thng tr l
END, INT, MID
- Nhp phm F11 hoc chn nt OTRACK trn dng trng thi m ch d
tm.
S dng OTRACK
- Bt u lnh v (bn c th s dng i vi cc lnh hiu chnh nh Copy v
Move).
- Di chuyn con chy ngang qua im truy bt ca mt i tng no v ta
khng nn chn truy bt im ny.
- Ti im c bt mc tiu (acquired points) hin th du (+). Sau khi bn bt
mc tiu mt im th cc ng dn hng nm ngang thng ng v nghing mt gc
bng bi s ca s gia gc cc hin hnh v ly im m con chy va i ngang qua lm
tm cc.
5. Thay i vic thit lp OTRACK
Theo mc nh OTRACK c gn theo cc ng dn hng vung gc vi 0,
90, 180, 270 t im c bt mc tiu.
Trnh t thay i gi trn gn OTRACK.
- T Tools menu ta chn Drafting Settings
- Trn trang Polar Tracking ca hp thoi Drafting Settings, trong phn Object
Snap Tracking Settings, ta chn mt trong cc la chn sau y:
o
Track Orthogonally Only: Hin th ch ng dn hng nm ngang v
thng ng t im bt mc tiu.
o
Track Using All Polar Angle Settings: p dng cc gi tr gn ca polar
tracking cho d vt theo im truy bt. V d bn tracking hin th s gia l 30o.
- Chn nt OK.
6. Cc mo vt khi s dng AutoTrack
- S dng cc phng thc bt im PERpendicular; ENDpoint, v MIDpoint vi
OTRACK v cc ng vung gc t cc im cui v cc im gia ca i tng.
- S dng cc phng thc bt im TANgent v ENDpoint vi OTRACK v
cc ng tip xc vi c im cui cung.
- S dng OTRACK vi phng thc bt im TT (Temporary Tracking points).
Mt du + s xut hin ti im ny. Khi bn di chuyn con chy theo ng dn hng,
AutoTrack hin th ta i tng i so vi im tm thi. g b im ny ta ko con
chy i ngang qua im + mt ln na.
Sau khi bn bt mc tiu l mt im truy bt i tng s dng khong cch trc
tip ch nh im c khong cch chnh xc dc theo ng dn hng t im truy bt
i tng c bt mc tiu. Ch nh ti dng nhc im, chn i tng, di chuyn
con chy hin th ng dn hng, sau nhp khong cch ti dng nhc lnh.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 18 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


qun l im bt lm mc tiu ta s dng cc la chn ca mc Automatic v
Sift to Acquire c gn trn Drafting ca hp thoi Options. im bt lm mc tiu l
mc nh. Khi lm vic vi vng bn v c nhiu i tng ta nn s dng phm SHIFT
tm thi tt la chn ny.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 19 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Bi 3. CC LNH V C BN
I. Lnh Line:
Cng dng: Dng v ng thng.
Cch gi lnh:
Pull- down menu Screen menu

Draw/ Line

DRAW/ Line

Type in
Line hay L

Toolbars
Draw

Dng lnh
Command: line
Specify first point: Chn im u ng thng
Specify next point or [Undo]: Chn im tip theo ca ng thng.
Specify next point or [Undo]: Chn im tip theo hoc enter kt thc lnh
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]( khi v c trn ba im): chn hoc
g im tip theo).
G U : Hy b phn on va v.
G C : ng kn bin dng bng ng thng.
II. Lnh Circle
Cng dng: dng v hnh trn.
Cch gi lnh:

Pull- down menu


Draw/ Circle>

Screen menu
DRAW/ Circle

Type in
Circle hay C

Toolbars
Draw

Dng lnh
Command: C (hay Circle) .
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Chn tm ng
trn hay chn cc la chn.
Specify radius of circle or (Diameter): Nhp bn knh ng trn hoc Nhp D
nhp ng knh.
Cc la chn
3P: V ng trn qua ba im.
2P: V ng trn qua 2 im.
Ttr: V ng trn qua 2 im tip tuyn v bn knh.
Tan, tan, tan: V ng trn qua 3 im tip tuyn.
III. Lnh Polygon
Cng Dng: Dng v hnh a gic u.
Cch gi lnh

Pull- down menu


Draw/ Polygon

Screen menu
DRAW/ Polygon

Type in
Pol

Toolbars
Draw

Dng lnh:
C ba cch v a gic u trong AutoCAD 2007
1/ a gic ngoi tip ng trn (Circumscribed about Circle):
Khi cho trc bn knh ng trn ni tip (khong cch t tm vng trn n
trung im mt cnh).
Command: Polygon .
Command: _polygon Enter number of sides <4>: Nhp s cnh a gic.
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: Chn tm a gic

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 20 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] <I>:
Nhp C v theo a gic ngoi tip ng trn.
Specify radius of circle: Nhp bn knh ng trn ni tip.
2/ a gic ni tip ng trn (Inscribed in circle):
Khi cho trc bn knh ng trn ngoi tip (khong cch t tm vng trn n
nh a gic).
Command: Polygon .
Command: _polygon Enter number of sides <4>: Nhp s cnh
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: Chn tm a gic.
Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] <I>:
Nhp I
Specify radius of circle: Nhp bn knh ng trn ngoi tip.
3/ Nhp ta mt cnh ca a gic (Edge):
Khi cho trc chiu di mt cnh ca a gic u.
Command: Polygon .
Command: _polygon Enter number of sides <4>: Nhp s cnh a gic.
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: Nhp E v theo cnh.
First Ending of Edge: nh im u.
Second Endpoint of Edge: nh im th 2.
V Polygon l 1 a tuyn nn ta c th dng Pedit hiu chnh hay dng Explode
ph v chng thnh nhng i tng n.
IV. Lnh Rectang
Cng dng: dng v hnh ch nht.
Cch gi lnh:
Pull- down menu
Screen menu
Type in
Toolbars

Draw/ Rectangle DRAW/ Rectang

Rectang hay Rec

Draw

Dng lnh
Command: _rectang .
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]:
Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]:
Cc la chn
Ti dng nhc : Specify first corner point or
Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]
G C (Chamfer) : vt 4 nh hnh ch nht.
G F (Fillet) : Bo trn 4 nh ca hnh ch nht.
G E (Elevation) : nh cao ca hnh ch nht.
G T (Thickness): nh dy ca hnh ch nht.
G W (Width): nh chiu di nt v cnh ca hnh ch nht.
---------------------------------------------------

BI TP THC HNH
1. Cc lnh cn thc hin trong bi tp:
Lnh thit lp bn v, crosshair; display; right click,
S dng lnh LINE v cc phng php nhp ta im.
Lnh PLINE, POLYGON; RECTANG.
Lnh quan st bn v ZOOM; lnh xa i tng ERASE.
Cc phng thc truy bt im

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 21 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


2. Yu cu thc hin
M file mi v thc hin cc yu cu sau:
Thit lp bn v vi n v h mt.
Thc hin cc bn v trong bi tp.
Save bn v vo D/hovaten/baitap_1.dwg.

Hnh 1.1 (Lnh line)

Hnh 1.2 (Lnh line)

Hnh 1.3 (lnh polygon)

Hnh 1.4 (lnh circle kt hp)

Hnh 1.5 (lnh rectang)

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 22 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Hnh 1.6

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 23 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Bi 4. CC LNH V HNH
I. Lnh Xline
Cng dng: v ng dng hnh l ng thng khng c im u v
im cui.
Cch gi lnh

Pull- down menu


Draw /Construction Line

Screen menu
Draw /X Line

Type in
X Line

Toolbars
Draw

Dng lnh
Command: _xline
Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: Chn 1 im hoc chn cc la
chn.
Specify through point: Chn im xline i qua.
Specify through point: Chn im xline i qua hoc enter kt thc lnh.
Cc la chn
Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: La chn mc nh dng xc
nh im th nht m X Line s i qua. Ti dng nhc Specify through point:
xut hin sau c th chn thm mt im bt k hoc dng cc phng thc
truy bt im.
- Hor: To xline nm ngang
- Ver: To xline thng ng
- Ang: To xline hp vi ng trc x 1 gc.
Reference/<Enter angle ()>: Nhp gc hoc la chn R la chn ng tham

chiu.
Neu ta ap R tai dong nhac
* Select a line object: Chn ng tham chiu.
* Enter Angle: Chn gc vi ng tham chiu.
* Specify through point: Chn im i qua ca xline
- Bisect: To X Line i qua phn gic mt gc xc nh bi ba im. im u
tin xc nh ca gc, hai im sau xc nh gc.
- Offset: To X Line song song vi mt ng c sn (tng t lnh Offset):
Offset distance or through: Nhp khong cch hay chn T.
Select a line object: Chn i tng m X Line s song song.
Side to Offset: X Line nm v pha no ca i tng c chn.
Select a line object: Tip tc chn i hoc Enter kt thc lnh.
II. Lnh Arc
Cng dng: dng cung trn.
Cch gi lnh

Pull- down menu


Draw/ Arc>

Screen menu
DRAW/ Arc>

Type in
Arc hay A

Toolbars
Draw

Dng lnh:
v mt cung trn chng ta c nhiu cch

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 24 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


Center
Start point
End
ARC

Second Point
Center

Start

Angle
Length of Chord
End point
Angle
Direction
Radius
Center point
End Point
Angle
Length of Chord
End point

III. Lnh Pline


Cng dng:
Lnh Pline thc hin nhiu chc nng hn lnh Line. Lnh Pline c 3 c im
ni bt sau:
1/ Lnh Pline to cc i tng c chiu rng Width, cn Line th khng.
2/ Cc phn on Pline lin kt thnh i tng duy nht, cn Line cc phn on
l cc i tng n.
3/ Lnh Pline to nn cc phn on v cc on thng hay cung trn Arc.
Lnh Pline c th va v cc phn on l on thng v cung trn l s kt hp gia
lnh Line v Arc.

Cch gi lnh

Pull- down menu


Draw/ Polyline

Screen menu
DRAW/ Pline

Type in
Pline hay Pl

Toolbars
Draw

Dng lnh
Command: _pline.
Specify start point: Chn im u.
Current line-width is 0.0000
Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: Chn im tip theo
hoc chn cc la chn.
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: Chn im tip
theo hoc chn cc la chn.
1/ Ch v on thng:
Cc chn la:
Close: ng Pline bi mt on thng.
Halfwidth: nh na chiu rng phn on sp v:
* Starting Halfwidth<>: nh na chiu dy u phn on
* Ending Halfwidth<>: nh na chiu dy cui phn on.
Length: V tip mt phn on c phng chiu nh on thng trc .
Undo: Hy b phn on va v.
Width: nh chiu rng phn on sp v (thao tc tn ng t lnh Half Width).
2/ Ch v cung trn:
Cc chn la:

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 25 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


Specify endpoint of arc or
[Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second pt/Undo/Width]:
Halfwidth, Width, Undo: Tng t nh ch v on thng.
Angle: Tng t lnh ARC khi ta nhp A s c dng nhc.
* Included angle: Nhp gi tr gc tm.
* Center/Radius/<endpoint>: Chn im cui, tm hoc bn knh.
Center:Tng t nh lnh ARC khi nhp CE s c dng nhc:
* Center point: Nhp ta tm.
* Angle/Length/<End point>:
Close: ng Pline bi mt cung trn.
Direction: nh hng ca ng tip tuyn vi im u tin ca cung. Khi ta
nhp D s xut hin dng nhc:
* Direction From Starting Point: Nhp gc hay chn hng.
* End point: Nhp ta im cui.
Radius: Xc nh bn knh cong ca cung, khi ta p R s xut hin dng nhc:
* Radius: Nhp gi tr bn knh.
* Angle/<End Point>: Nhp im cui.
Second pt: Nhp to im th hai v im cui c th xc nh cung trn i
qua 3 im. Khi ta p S s c dng nhc:
* Second point: Nhp im th hai.
* End Point: Nhp im cui.
Line: Tr v ch v on thng.Specify endpoint of arc or
[Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Secondpt/Undo/Width]:
Nu ti dng nhc v cung ca a tuyn ta nhp ta im cui (hay chn, truy bt
im) th ta s c mt cung trn tip xc vi phn on trc .
IV. Lnh Spline
Cng dng:
Lnh Spline dng v ng cong NURBS (Non Unifom Rational Bezier Spline).
Lnh Spline c th to cc ng cong c bit nh: Arc, Circle, Ellipse
ng Spline ny khc vi Pline Spline (ng Spline to t a tuyn Pline vi
la chn Spline ca lnh Pedit). ng Spline s i qua tt c cc im m ta chn, cn
ng Pline Spline c ko v cc nh a tuyn. Do , ta dng lnh Spline to
ng cong chnh xc hn Pline.
Cch gi lnh:

Pull- down menu


Draw/Spline

Screen menu
DRAW1/Spline

Type in
Spline

Toolbars
Draw

Dng lnh
Specify first point or [Object]: (Nhp mt im).
Specify next point: (Nhp mt im).
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>:
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>: (Nhp 1 im).
Specify start tangent: (Nhp mt im hoc Enter).
Specify end tangent: (Nhp mt im hoc Enter kt thc lnh).
Cc chn la:
Objects: La chn Object dng chuyn ng Pline Spline thnh ng
Pline.
Close: La chn Close dng ng kn ng Spline.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 26 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Fit Tolerance: La chn Fit Tolerance to ng cong Spline mn hn. Khi


gi tr ny bng khng ng Spline i qua tt c cc im chn (Data
Point). Khi gi tr khc khng th ng cong ko ra xa cc im ny to
ng cong mn hn.
V. Lnh Ellipse
Cng dng: dng v Elip
Cach goi lenh:

Pull- down menu


Draw/Ellipse>

Screen menu
DRAW1/Ellipse

Type in
Ellipse

Toolbars
Draw

Dng lnh
C Hai Cch V Elip
Cch 1 : V theo tm Elip
Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [ arc /center] : C.
specify center of axis : Nhp im tm elip
specify endpoint of axis : Nhp na trc 1 ca elip.
specify distance to other axis or [rotation ] : Nhp chiu di na trc cn
li.
Cch 2 : V theo trc elip.
Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: Chn 1 im ca trc elip.
Specify other endpoint of axis: Chn im th 2 ca trc elip
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation] : Nhp chiu di na trc cn
li.
V Cung ellipse:
Command: Ellipse .
Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: a.
Specify axis endpoint of elliptical arc or [Center]: Nhp ta hoc chn
im cui 1 ca trc th nht.
Specify other endpoint of axis: Nhp ta hoc chn im cui 2 ca trc
th nht.
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: Khong cch na trc th hai.
Specify start angle or [Parameter]: Chn im 1 hay nhp gi tr gc - y
l gc gia trc ta va nh vi ng thng t tm n im u cung.
Specify end angle or [Parameter/Included angle]: Chn im 1 hay nhp
gi tr gc - y l gc gia trc ta va nh vi ng thng t tm n
im cui cung.
Ch : Nu lnh Snap ang trng thi Isometric th lnh ellipse c thm la
chn Isocircle cho php ta v ng trn trong hnh chiu trc o (bin thnh
Ellipse).
VI. Lnh Point
Cng dng: Dng v im
Cch gi lnh:

Pull- down menu


Draw/Point>

Screen menu
DRAW1/Point

Type in
Point

Toolbars
Draw

Dng lnh:
Specify a point: Nhp im cn v.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 27 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


VII. Lnh Divide:
Cng dng: Chia i tng thnh cc on bng nhau.
Cch gi lnh:
Pull- down menu
Toolbars
Screen menu
Type in
Draw/Point/Divide
DRAW2/Divide Divide, Div
Dng lnh:
Command: _divide.
Select object to divide: Chn i tng cn chia.
Enter the number of segments or [Block]: Nhp s on cn chia.
VIIII. Lnh Measure
Cng dng: Chia i tng thnh cc on c chiu di bng nhau.
Cch gi lnh:
Toolbars
Pull- down menu Screen menu
Type in
Draw/Point/Measure DRAW2/Measure Measure, Me
Dng lnh
Command: _measure.
Select object to measure: Chn i tng cn chia.
Specify length of segment or [Block]: Nhp chiu di on chia.
IX. Lnh Point Style
Cng dng: hiu
chnh cch th hin im
Cch gi lnh:
9
Format/ Point style: xut
hin hp thoi Point style. Chn
hnh dng im

-------------------------------------------------------

BI TPTHC HNH
1. Cc lnh cn thc hin trong bi tp:
Lnh XLINE; CIRCLE; ARC;SPLINE; ELLIPSE
Lnh DIVIDE; MEASURE .
Lnh v im POINT v hin th im POINT STYLE.
Cch lnh 2D hc bi trc.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 28 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


Hnh 2.1

Hnh 2.2. (lnh pline)

Hnh 2.4 (pline + arc + circle)

Hnh 2.5 (ellipse + line + circle + osnap)

Hnh 2.6

Hnh 2.7 (divide + arc + circle)

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 29 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Bi 5. CC LNH HIU CHNH HNH


I. Lnh Erase
Cch gi lnh:
Cng dng

Pull- down menu


Modify/ Erase hoac Edit / Clear

Screen menu
Modify/ Erase

Type in
Erase hay E

Toolbars
Modify

Dng lnh:
Lnh Erase dng xo cc i tng ta chn, thng thng sau khi dng lnh
Erase ta thc hin lnh Redraw (R) lm sch bn v.
Command: _erase .
Select objects: (Chn i tng cn xa).
Select Objects: (Chn i tng cn xa).
Select Objects: (Chn i tng cn xa hoc chm dt chn i tng).
II. Lnh Copy
Cng dng: Lnh Copy dng sao chp cc i tng c chn theo phng
tnh tin v sp xp chng theo v tr xc nh.
Trong lnh Copy c la chn Multiple, la chn ny dng sao chp nhiu bn
t nhm cc i tng c chn.
Cch gi lnh:

Pull- down menu Screen menu


Modify/Copy
MODIFY1/ Copy

Type in
Copy hay Cp

Toolbars
Modify

Dng lnh:
Command: _copy.
Select objects: (Chn i tng cn sao chp).
Select objects: (Chn i tng cn sao chp hoc nhn chm dt chn i
tng).
Specify base point or displacement,Chn im chn.
Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>: Chn
im chn sau khi sao chp.
III. Lnh Mirror
Cng dng: Dng i xng i tng qua mt trc.
Cch gi lnh:

Pull- down menu


Modify/Mirror

Screen menu
MODIFY2/ Mirror

Type in
Mirror

Toolbars
Modify

Dng lnh
select object : Chn i tng i xng
select object : Chn tip i tng hoc enter kt thc.
specify first point of mirror line : Chn im u ca trc i xng.
specify second point of mirror line : Chn im th 2 ca trc i xng.
delete source object ? (yes , no ) <N> : Xa i tng mu hay khng?
IV. Lnh Offset
Cng dng: To ra i tng song song vi i tng mu.
Cch gi lnh

Pull- down menu


Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

Screen menu
- 30 -

Type in

Toolbars

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Modify/Offset

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


MODIFY1/ Offset Offset
Modify

Dng lnh
Command: _offset.
Specify offset distance or [Through] <1.0000>: Nhp khong cch cn offset.
Select object to offset or <exit>:Chn i tng cn offset.
Specify point on side to offset: Chn im t i tng offset
Select object to offset or <exit>: Chn tip i tng offset.
V. Lnh Move
Cng dng: Dng di chuyn i tng.
Cch gi lnh

Pull- down menu


Modify/Move

Screen menu
MODIFY2/ Move

Type in
Move hay M

Toolbars
Modify

Dng lnh
Command: Move .
Select Objects: Chn i tng
Select Objects: Chn tip i tng hoc enter kt thc la chn.
Base Point or displacement: Nhp im chun
Second Point or displacement: Nhp im di i.
VI. Lnh Trim
Cng dng: Dng xn i tng
Cch gi lnh

Pull- down menu


Modify/trim

Screen menu
MODIFY2/ Trim

Type in
Trim

Toolbars
Modify

Dng lnh:
Select objects or <select all>: Chn i tng gii hn v nhn enter.
Select object to trim or shift-select to extend
or[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]: Chn phn b i
Select object to trim or shift-select to extend
or[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]: Chn phn b i.
VII. Lnh Extend
Cng dng: Dng ko di i tng n mt i tng khc.
Cch gi lnh :

Pull- down menu


Modify/Extend

Screen menu
Type in
MODIFY2/Extend Extend

Toolbars
Modify

Dng lnh :
Select objects or <select all>: Chn i tng gii hn cn ko n.
Select object to extend or shift-select to trim or[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/Undo]:
Chn phn ko di ra.
VIII. Lnh Chamfer
Cng dng : Dng vt mt gc ca i tng.
Cch gi lnh :

Pull- down menu


Modify/Chamfer

Screen menu
MODIFY2/ Chamfer

Type in
Cha

Toolbars
Modify

Dng lnh :

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 31 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


Select first line or [Undo/Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/mEthod/Multiple]: Chn cnh
th nht ca gc cn vt.
Select second line or shift-select to apply corner: Chn cnh th 2 ca gc cn vt.
Cc la chn :
9 Undo: Hy b cng on va thc hin
9 Polyline: Vt ton th cc nh ca i tng 2D polyline.
9 Distance: Nhp khong cch cnh cn vt.
Enter first chamfer distance <10.0000>: (Nhp chiu di cnh vt).
Enter second chamfer distance <10.0000>: (Nhp chiu di cnh vt).
9 Angle: Vt theo kch thc mt cnh v gc
Enter chamfer length on first line <1.0000>: (Nhp chiu di cnh vt).
Enter chamfer angle from the first line <0>: (Nhp gc vt).
9 Trim: Xn hay khng xn gc vt.
9 mThod: Chn phng php vt mp.
9 Multiple: Vt nhiu nh vi kch thc khng i.
--------------------------------------------------------

BI TP THC HNH
1. Cc lnh cn thc hin trong bi tp:
Cc lnh hiu chnh: COPY MIRROR OFFSET TRIM EXTEND
CHAMFER - MOVE.
Cc lnh v hnh hc bi trc.
Cc lnh quan st bn v
Cc lnh 2D khc.
2. Yu cu thc hin
M file mi v thc hin cc yu cu sau:
Thit lp bn v vi n v h mt.
Thc hin cc bn v trong bi tp.
Save bn v vo D/hovaten/baitap_3.dwg.

Hnh 3.1

Hnh 3.2

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 32 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Hnh 3.3

Hnh 3.4

Hnh 3.5

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 33 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Bi 6. CC LNH HIU CHNH HNH


I. Lnh Properties:
Pull- down menu
Screen menu
Modify/Properties Modify1/Properties

Type in
Property

Toolbars
Modify2

Lnh Properties dng thay i mt s tnh cht ca i tng nh: Mu sc


(Color), Layer (Layer), Kiu ng (Linetype).
Command: Properties .
Select Objects: (Chn i tng cn thay i tnh cht).
Select Objects: (Chn i tng cn thay i tnh cht hoc
chm dt chn i tng).
Xut hin hp thoi: Properties:
Trong hp thoi ny, ta c th thay i cc tnh cht nh: Mu
(Color), Lp (Layer), rng nt v (Lineweight) Mun thay i
tnh cht no, nhp chut vo chn v thay i tnh cht ca i
tng trn hp thoi . Ch l nu trong bn v c nh dng
lp khi thay i tnh cht nn chn thay i lp thun tin trong
qu trnh qun l bn v.
II. Lnh Match Properties:
Pull- down menu
Modify/Match Properties

Screen menu
MODIFY/Match Prop

Type in
Match Prop

Toolbars
Standards

Lnh Match Properties dng gn tnh cht ca i tng theo mt i tng


c chn u tin (Source Object) cho cc i tng c chn sau (Destination
Object).
Command: '_matchprop.
Select source object: .
Current active settings: Color Layer Ltype Ltscale Lineweight Thickness.
PlotStyle Text Dim Hatch Polyline Viewport.
Select destination object(s) or [Settings]: (Chn i tng theo i tng mu).
Select destination object(s) or [Settings]: (Chn i tng theo i tng mu
hoc chm dt chn i tng).
Cc chn la:
* Settings: Chn cc tnh cht (Color Layer Ltype ).
III. Lnh Array
Cng dng :
Lnh Array dng sao chp i tng c chn thnh dy hnh ch nht
(Rectangular Array) hay sp xp chung quanh tm (Polar Array). Cc dy ny c sp
xp u nhau.
Cch gi lnh :

Pull- down menu


Modify/Array

Screen menu
MODIFY1/Array

Type in
Array hay Ar

Toolbars
Modify

Dng lnh

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 34 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Command: Array . Xut hin hp thoi Array.


Select Objects: (Chn i tng cn sao chp) . C hai la chn:
* Rectangular: Chn sao chp dy theo s
hng (Columns) v ct (Rows).
Row Offset: (Nhp khong cch cc hng cn
sao chp).
Column Offset: (Nhp khong cch cc ct
cn sao chp).
Angle of array: Gc cn quay i tng.

*Polar: (Sao chp dy theo sp xp chung


quanh tm).
Base/<Specify center point of array>:
(Nhp tm ca dy cn sao chp).
Number of Items: (Nhp s i tng
cn sao chp).
Angle to fill (+ = ccw, - = cw) <360>:
(Tr s gc cn sao chp i tng).
Rotate items as copied? <Y> (C cn xoay i tng sao chp hay khng).
Nu p Y (Mc nh) AutoCAD s xoay sao cho cc i tng hng v tm, nu p
N AutoCAD s gi cho i tng sao chp theo gc nghing hin hnh.
IV. Lnh Rotate
Cng dng : Dng xoay i tng quanh mt im.
Cch gi lnh :

Pull- down menu


Modify/Rotate

Screen menu
MODIFY2/ Rotate

Type in
Rotate hay ro

Toolbars
Modify

Dng lnh :
Command: Rotate .
Select Objects: (Chn i tng cn quay) .
Select Objects: (Chn i tng cn quay hoc chm dt chn i tng).
Base Point: (Chn im chun quay).
<Rotation angle>/Preference: (Nhp gc cn xoay).
V. Lnh Scale
Cng dng : Phng to hoc thu nh i tng
Cch gi lnh :

Pull- down menu


Modify/Scale

Screen menu
MODIFY2/ Scale

Type in
Scale

Toolbars
Modify

Dng lnh :
Command: Scale .
Select Objects: Chn i tng cn thay i.
Select Objects: Chn tip i tng hoc enter kt thc la chn.
Base Point: Chn im chun iu chnh t l.
<Scale Factor>/ Reference: (Nhp gi tr t l, gi tr ny c th nh hn 1 hay
ln hn 1 ty theo mun phng to hay thu nh).

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 35 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


VI. Lnh Stretch
Cng dng : Dng di v ko dn i tng. Khi s dng lnh ny, phi
chn i tng bng crossing window. Cc i tng nm trong vng chn s b
di i; i tng giao vi khung chn s c ko dn ra hoc thu ngn li.
Cch gi lnh :

Pull- down menu


Modify/Stretch

Screen menu
MODIFY2/ Stretch

Type in
S

Toolbars
Modify

Dng lnh :
Select objects: Chn phn cn ko dn.
Specify base point or [Displacement] <Displacement>: nh im chun.
Specify second point or <use first point as displacement>: nh im ko n.
VII. Lnh Break
Cng dng :
Cch gi lnh :

Pull- down menu


Modify/Break

Screen menu
MODIFY2/ Break

Type in
Br

Toolbars
Modify

Dng lnh :
Select object: Chn i tng cn ct ta.
Specify second break point or [First point]: Chn im th 2 ca on b i.
AutoCad mc nh im th nht l im ta click chut ban u. C th nh F
nh li im th nht.
VIII. Lnh Fillet
Cng dng : Dng bo trn nu l giao tuyn li v gc ln nu l giao
tuyn lm.
Cch gi lnh :

Pull- down menu


Modify/Fillet

Screen menu
MODIFY2/ Fillet

Type in
Fillet

Toolbars
Modify

Dng lnh :
Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: Chn cnh th nht ca
gc cn fillet.
Select second object or shift-select to apply corner: Chn cnh th 2 ca gc cn
fillet.
Cc la chn
9 Undo: Hy b bc thc hin pha
9 Polyline: Bo trn tt c cc im ca gc.
9 Radius: Nhp bn knh vo bo cung.
9 Trim: Ging chamfer
9 Multiple: Bo nhiu gc vi cng kch thc.
---------------------------------------------------------

BI TP THC HNH
1. Cc lnh cn thc hin trong bi tp:
Cc lnh hiu chnh: ARRAY ROTATE SCALE STRETCH
FILLET.
Cc lnh v hnh hc cc bi trc.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 36 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


Cc lnh quan st bn v.
Cc lnh 2D khc.
2. Yu cu thc hin
M file mi v thc hin cc yu cu sau:
Thit lp bn v vi n v h mt.
Thc hin cc bn v trong bi tp.
Save bn v vo D/hovaten/baitap_4.dwg.

Hnh 4.1

Hnh 4.2

Hnh 4.3

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 37 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Hnh 4.4

Hnh 4.5

Hnh 4.6

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 38 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Bi 7. GHI CH LN BN V
I. To kiu ch:
Lnh Style (Trnh n Format/Text Style).
nh dng cc Font ch, ta theo
cc trnh t sau y:
Chn New, xut hin hp thoi:
New Text Style, g vo Style Name tn
ca kiu ch.
Chiu cao ca ch nhp vo
Heigh
Xem kiu ch va to nhp vo
Preview.
Chn t l chiu rng ch ti Width factor.
Chn nghing ch ti Oblique Angle.
II. Nhp dng ch vo bn v (Lnh Dtext):
Pull- down menu
Screen menu
Type in Toolbars
Draw/Text>/Single Line Text
DRAW1/Dtext
Dtext
Draw
Lnh Dtext (Dynamic Text) cho php nhp cc dng ch vo trong bn v t bn
phm. Trong mt lnh Dtext ta c th nhp nhiu dng ch nm cc v tr khc nhau v
cc dng ch s xut hin trn mn hnh khi ta nhp t bn phm.
Command: _dtext .
Current text style: "tcvn" Text height: 20.6149
Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style]:
Specify rotation angle of text <0>:
Enter text: (G Text vo).
Cc chn la:
- Specify start point of text: im canh l tri dng ch.
- Style: Chn mt trong cc kiu ch to lm kiu ch hin hnh, khi p S
xut hin dng nhc ph: Style name (or?).
- Justify: Khi p J s xut hin dng nhc cho php ta chn cc im canh l khc
nhau.
- Rotation Angle <0.0000>: nghing dng ch.
- Height: Chiu cao dng Text.
III. Nhp on vn vo bn v (Lnh Mtext):
Pull- down menu
Screen menu
Type in
Toolbars
Draw/Mtext
Mtext
Draw
Lnh Mtext cho php to mt on vn bn c gii hn bi ng bin l khung
ch nht.
Command: Mtext .
Command: _mtext Current text style: "Standard" Text height: 2.5
Specify first corner: im gc th nht on vn bn.
Specify opposite corner or [Height/ Justify/ Line spacing/ Rotation/ Style/ Width]:
im gc i din hay l cc chn la cho vn bn.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 39 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


Sau , xut hin hp thoi Text Formating, trn hp thoi ny ta nhp vn bn
nh cc phn mm vn bn khc.

Chn Font theo danh mc ko xung ti th nht.


Nhp chiu cao cho dng Text.
Ta c th chn cc k t c bit bng cch chn cc Font ch c sn trong b
Font ca AutoCAD 2007.
Pull- down menu
Type in
Toolbars
Modify/Object/text/ edit
Ddedit
Text
Ta c th g lnh hoc Double click vo dng ch cn hiu chnh s xut hin hp
thoi Text Formatting.
IV. Lnh Scaletext:
Pull- down menu
Type in
Toolbars
Modify/Object/text/scale Scaletext
Text
S dng lnh Scaletext bn c th nh t l cho ton b cc dng ch c chn
m khng lm thay i cc im chn.
V. Lnh Justifytext:
Pull- down menu
Type in
Toolbars
Modify/Object/text/ Justifytext
Justifytext
Text
S dng lnh Justifytext ta c th thay i im chn cho ton b cc dng ch
c chn m khng lm thay i v tr ca dng ch.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 40 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Bi 8. V MT CT
Pull- down menu
Draw/Hatch

Screen menu
DRAW2/Bhatch:

Type in
Toolbars
BHATCH DRAW

Dng lnh Hatch (Boundary Hatch) ta c th v k hiu vt liu trn mt ct trong


mt ng bin kn.
Command: Hatch .
Xut hin hp thoi Hatch and Gradientl.
C 2 trang:
- Trang Hatch:
Type, Pattern, Swatch: Chn kiu v mt
ct.
Angle: Chn gc nghing ca mt ct.
Scale: Chn t l mt ct.
Preview Hatch: Xem trc mt ct c v.
Apply: Thc hin lnh v k hiu mt ct.

Pick point: Xc nh ng bin kn bng cch chn im nm bn trong.


Select Objects: Chn ng bin kn bng cch chn i tng bao quanh.
- Trang Gradient: Chn s mu cho mt ct.
Trnh t v mt ct bng lnh Bhatch:
- Thc hin hnh ct.
- Thc hin lnh Bhatch. Hp thoi Boundary Hatch
and Fill xut hin.
- Chn Pattern, chn mu mt ct cn thit.
- nh t l mt ct.
- Xc nh vng cn v bng mt trong hai phng php
Pick point hay Select Objects.
- Xem trc mt ct bng nt Preview, hiu chnh nu cn thit.
- Nhn OK kt thc lnh Bhatch.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 41 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Bi 9. GHI KCH THC TRN BN V


I. Cc thnh phn kch thc:
Mt kch thc c ghi bt k bao gm cc thnh phn ch yu sau y:

Cc thnh phn kch thc


1/ Dimension line (ng kch thc): c gii hn bi hai mi tn hai hai u.
2/ Extension line (ng dng): Thng thng ng dng l cc ng thng vung
gc vi i tng c ghi kch thc.
3/ Dimension text (Ch s kch thc): Ch s kch thc l ln ca i tng
c ghi kch thc.
4/ Arrowheads (Mi tn, gch cho): K hiu hai u ca mt ng kch thc,
thng thng l mi tn, du nghing hay du chm.
II. To cc kiu ghi kch thc

Hp thoi Dimension Style Manager


To kiu kch thc mi
+ Tab Lines: gn cc bin lin quan n s xut hin v kiu dng ca ng kch
thc, ng ging, ng tm.
+ Tab Symbols and arrows: gn cc bin lin quan n s xut hin v kiu dng
ca mi tn, du tm.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 42 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Tab lines
Tab Symbols and arrows
+ Tab Text: gn cc bin lin quan n ch s kch thc.
+ Tab Fit: gn cc la chn chi phi Autocad nh v tr ng kch thc, ng
ging v ch s kch thc.Ngoi ra cn nh t l cho ton b cc bin ca kiu kch
thc.

Tab text
Tab fit
+ Primary Units: gn dng v chnh xc cho n v kch thc gc v chiu
di.
+ Alternate Units: gn dng v chnh xc ca h thng thay i n v (gia
inch v milimeter).

Tab Primary Units


Alternate Units
+ Tolerances: gn gi tr v chnh xc cho dung sai kch thc.
Cui cng ta chn OK v ng hp thoi Dimension Style Manager.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

III. Cc lnh ghi kch thc


Cc lnh ghi v hiu chnh kch thc AutoCAD 2007 nm trong danh mc ko xung
Dimension.
Dimlinear
Dimaligned
Dimordinate
Dimradius
Dimdiameter
Dimangular
Dimbaseline
Dimcontinue
Leader
Tolerance
Dimcenter
Dimedit
Dimtedit
Ddim
Dim:Update

Ghi kch thc thng nm ngang, thng ng v nghing.


ng kch thc song song vi kch thc cn ghi.
Ghi to mt im.
Ghi kch thc bn knh.
Ghi kch thc ng knh.
Ghi kch thc gc.
Ghi chui kch thc song song.
Ghi chui kch thc ni tip.
Ghi kch thuc theo ng dn.
Ghi dung sai v v tr.
Ghi du tm v ng tm ca ng trn hay cung trn.
Hiu chnh ch s, kch thc v nghing ca ng dng kch thc.
Hiu chnh v tr v phng ca ng kch thc.
nh kiu kch thc.
Cp nht cc kiu mi hiu chnh

-----------------------------------------------------

BI TP THC HNH
1. Cc lnh cn thc hin trong bi tp:
Cc thit lp LAYER ph hp vi TCVN.
Ghi kch thc ln bn v.
V mt ct v ghi ch.
Cc lnh v hnh hc cc bi trc.
Cc lnh quan st bn v.
Cc lnh 2D khc.
2. Yu cu thc hin
M file mi v thc hin cc yu cu sau:
Thit lp bn v vi n v h mt.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 44 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


Thc hin cc bn v trong bi tp.
Save bn v vo D/hovaten/baitap_5.dwg.

Hnh 5.1

Hnh 5.2

Hnh 5.3

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 45 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Hnh 5.4

Hnh 5.5.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 46 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

BI THC HNH TNG HP


1. Cc lnh cn thc hin trong bi tp:
Cc lnh hc trong gio trnh.
2. Yu cu thc hin
M file mi v thc hin cc yu cu sau:
Thit lp bn v vi n v h mt.
Thc hin cc bn v trong bi tp.
Save bn v vo D/hovaten/baitap_6.dwg.

Hnh 6.1

Hnh 6.2

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Hnh 6.3

Hnh 6.4

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 48 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Hnh 6.5

Hnh 6.6

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 49 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

PHAN THAM KHAO


AUTOCAD 3D

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Bi 1:
M U
I Gii thiu cc dng m hnh 3D
Lch s pht trin m hnh 3D bt u
Bn v 2D l tp hp cc on thng
ng cong nm trong mt phng xy. t vic to mt 2 chiu, sau l dng
khung dy, mt cong v cui cng l m
Trong 3D ta thm vo trc z
hnh khi rn.
CC M HNH 3D:
1.1. M hnh 2. 1/2 chiu
M hnh c to theo nguyn tc ko cc
i tng 2D theo trc z
1.2. M hnh khung dy
M hnh bao gm cc im trong khng
gian v cc ng thng hoc ng cong
ni li vi nhau.
1.3. M hnh mt cong
Ging nh hp rng c cc cnh cc mt
nhng bn trong th rng
1.4. M hnh solid:
y l m hnh biu din vt th hon
Hnh 0.1 4 th h d liu CAD
chnh nht. Gm cc cnh, cc mt v tt
c cc im bn trong.
II Thit lp hng quan st 3D
Khi khi ng chng trnh AutoCAD hng quan st l 2D. tin hnh mt bn v
3D bn cn chuyn i hng nhn t 2D sang 3D. Mun vy, bn cn thc hin theo cc
bc sau:
Bc 1: view/ 3D view/ SE Isometric
Bc 2 : view/ shade/ 3D wireframe
Giai thch hng quan sat
SW Isometric: hng nhn Ty Nam
SE Isometric: hng nhn ng Nam
NE Isometric: hng nhn ng Bc
NS Isometric: hng nhn Ty Bc
III iu khin biu tng h trc ta
- Biu tng h ta : nh hnh 0.2
- Cc thit lp lin quan n h ta :
o
Cch gi lnh: view/display/
UCSICON
o
Cc la chn:

On: bt tt biu tng h ta

Origin: biu tng lun di


chuyn theo gc ta O ca h trc

Properties: cc thit lp tnh


Hnh 0.2 Biu tng h ta
cht h ta

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


IV Cc ch truy bt im 3D:
-

i vi cc cnh ca m hnh khung dy ta truy bt c cc im ca cc i


tng line, circle, pline nh cc i tng 2D.
- Cc i tng mt surface l tp hp 3 hoc 4 cnh, do ta ch truy bt c cc
im i vi cc cnh to mt nh END, INT, MID,
- Cc i tng solid dng Wireframe ta truy bt c cc im ca cc cnh
thng hoc ng trn to dng khung dy ca Solid.
V Cc cch nhp ta 3D
-

Trc tip dng phm chn ca chut (PICK).


Nhp ta tuyt i theo gc ta (0;0;0).
Nhp ta tng i:
- Ta DECAC tng i theo im cui cng trn bn v: @x;y;z
- Ta TR tng i: @dis<angle;z
- Ta CU tng i: @dis<angle<angle.

VI Quan st m hnh 3D bng la chn 3DORBIT


- View/3D orbit/ free orbit
- Toolbar orbit
Lnh 3D orbit kch hot cnh 3D trn khung nhn hin hnh. Khi lnh 3DORBIT
lm vic, bn c th dng chut di chuyn quan st cnh ca m hnh. Bn c th xem
ton b m hnh hoc bt k i tng no trn m hnh t nhng gc quan st khc
nhau.
3D Orbit view hin th mt arcball, l mt ng trn c chia thnh bn im
bi cc ng trn nh hn.
Di chuyn cursor theo cc v tr khc nhau ca arcball lm thay i biu tng
cursor v ch nh hng m trn cnh m hnh s quay.
Trong khi thc hin lnh 3Dorbit bn c th truy cp vo cc la chn khc ca
lnh t Shortcut menu bng cch click phi chut ln mn hnh ha.
Mt s la chn trong Shortcut menu:
Exit: thot lnh 3DORBIT
Orther Navigation Modes: cc ch d quan st khc nhau.
Parallel: chiu song song
Perspective: Chiu phi cnh
Reset View: tr cnh quan st v v tr ban u.
Prest Views: gn cnh quan st thnh 1 trong 6 hnh chiu vung gc v mt
trong 4 hnh chiu trc o.
Visual Styles: Chn cc dng hin th m hnh trc quan.
Visual Aids: cc cng c h tr hnh dung m hnh.
VII Lnh Trim 3D
Thc hin tng t nh bn v 2D. Tuy nhin cn lu trim cc i tng
cho nhau trong 3D ta t ty chn PROJECTION = VIEW
VIII Bi tp:
1. Cc lnh cn thc hin:
- Lnh New; Open; Save; Save as.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 52 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


Lnh LINE, Lnh TRIM.
Cc cch nhp ta im trong khng gian; cc phng php truy bt im; cc
lnh 2D khc.
Lnh quan st 3DORBIT
2. Yu cu thc hin:
Thit lp mi trng v 3D.
V li cc m hnh trong bi tp bng lnh LINE kt hp vi cc cch nhp ta
(Decac; tr; cu tng i).
Trong m hnh khung dy nu mun xa cnh khut hy su dng Trim xen
chng.

Hnh 1.1.

Hnh 1.2

Hnh 1.3.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Bi 2:
THIT LP H TRC TA M HNH SURFACE
I Thit lp h trc ta
Cch gi lnh:
Tool/ new UCS
UCS
Toolbar UCS
Dng lnh:
Chn mt trong cc cch to h trc ta mi.
Cc la chn:
World: h trc ta gc.
Origin: to h trc ta bng cch thay i gc ta .
ZAxis: xc nh gc ta v chiu trc Z.
View: h trc ta mi s song song vi mn hnh c im gc trng vi
h ta hin hnh.
3points: xc nh h ta qua ba im
X/Y/Z: xoay quanh cc trc
Face: sp xp UCS theo face c chn ca solid.
Objects: a h ta trng vi h ta quy c ca i tng c
chn.
Move: Di chuyn h ta .
Orthographic: ch nh h ta theo 6 mt phng chiu c bn.
II M hnh 2.5 chiu
Cch gi lnh:
Format/Thickness
Elev.
Cng dng lnh:
Nhp dy i vi lnh thickness.
Cao : nu l lnh Elev
Nhp dy cho i tng surface.
Elevation l cao :
Thickness l dy hoc chiu cao i tng 2D theo trc Z .
Ta c th to mt 2,5 chiu bng cc phng php khc:
Sau khi v cc i tng 2D (Line, Pline, Rectang, Polygon, Circle,
Donut,) ta s dng cc lnh hiu chnh (Change, Ddchprop, Chprop,
Properties,..) hiu chnh d dy (Thickness) v lnh Move, Change chnh m
hnh theo cao (Elevation).
Dng lnh:
Enter new value for THICKNESS <0.0000>: dy vi la chn Elevation
Enter new value for ELEVATION <0.0000>: cao vi la chn Thickness.
Cc i tng c th ko thnh mt 2,5 chiu gm c: line; arc; circle; donut;
pline; 2Dsolid; pline c chiu rng.
Khi gi tr Elevation khc 0 th mt phng lm vic s nm song song vi mt
phng xy v cch mt phng ny mt khong bng gi tr bin Elevation.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 54 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


III M hnh Surface
Quyt nh s dng m hnh mt cong hay solid ph thuc vo hnh dng ca m
hnh cng nh d nh ca bn khi th hin m hnh. /v cc m hnh c th to
bng cc thit b truyn thng ta c th to bng m hnh solid.
i vi cc i tng c dng mt cong iu khc hoc mt cong trn, ta khng
th to bng m hnh solid.
M hnh dng mt ta c th che khut t bng. Tuy nhin, khng tnh c cc
tnh cht vt m hnh. Cc lnh lin quan n mt cong nm trn Draw menu hoc
surfaces toolbar.
3.1.Lnh 3D face:
Cng dng:
Dng to cc mt 3D c 3 hoc 4 cnh. Mt to bi 3Dface l mt i tng
n ta khng th ph v cc i tng ny.
Cch gi lnh:
- Draw/ modeling/meshes/3Dface
- 3Dface.
Cch thc hin:
Chn cc im ca mt phng cn to.
khng xut hin mt cnh ca mt phng trc khi to cnh ta nhp I
(invisible).
V d: to cc mt nh sau:
- Specify first point or [Invisible]: Chn
im th 1
- Specify second point or [Invisible]: chn
im th 2
- Specify third point or [Invisible] <exit>:
chn im th 3
- Specify fourth point or [Invisible] <create
three-sided face>: chn im th 4 hoc
chn hoc chn tip 2 im to thnh
mt 3dface lin tip vi mt va to hoc
Hnh 1.1 Mt 3D FACE
enter kt thc lnh
3.2. Lnh Edge
Cng dng:
Dng che hoc hin cc cnh ca 3Dface.
Cch gi lnh:
- Draw/ modeling/meshes/Edge
- Edge
Cch thc hin:
Chn cnh cn che hoc nhp D lm hin ln cnh c che khut.
Nu nhp D ta s chn phng php chn tng cnh (Select) hoc tt c cnh
che (All)
Specify edge of 3dface to toggle visibility or [Display]:
3.3.Cc mt cong 3D c s
Cng dng: to cc i tng mt 3D c to theo nguyn tc cc khung
dy v dng lnh 3Dface to cc mt.
Gi lnh:
- Draw/ Surface/ 3D Object

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 55 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


- 3D
Dng lnh:
Enter an option
[Box/Cone/DIsh/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge]: chn 1 trong s cc
ty chn.
3.3.1.
Mt hnh ch nht BOX
Dng lnh:
Command: 3D
- Enter an option
[Box/Cone/Dish/Dome/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge]: B
- Specify corner point of box: (chn im gc tri pha di ca
hp)
- Specify length of box: (chiu di hp, tng ng vi khong
cch theo trc X)
- Specify width of box [Cube]: (chiu rng theo trc Y hay nhp C to hp vung)
- Specify height of box: (chiu cao hp theo trc Z)
- Specify rotation angle of box about the Z axis or [Reference]: (gc quay so vi trc
song song vi trc Z v i qua im Corner of box).
3.3.2.
Mt hnh nm WEDGE
Dng lnh
Command: 3D
Enter an option
[Box/Cone/Dish/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge]:W
Specify corner point of wedge: (chn im gc mt y hnh
nm)
Specify length of wedge: (chiu di nm theo trc X)
Specify width of wedge [Cube]: (chiu rng nm theo trc Y)
Specify height of wedge: (chiu cao nm theo trc Z)
Specify rotation angle of wedge about the Z axis: (Gc quay xung quanh trc song
song vi trc Z v trc ny i qua im Corner of wedge).
Ti dng nhc trc nu nhp Enter th xut hin dng nhc:
Specify rotation angle or [Reference]: (gi tr gc quay hoc nhp R nhp gi tr gc
tham chiu).
3.3.3.
Mt hnh thp PYRAMID
Dng lnh
Command: 3D
Enter an option
[Box/Cone/Dish/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge]:P
Specify first corner point for base of Pyramid: (chn im th
nht B1 ca y)
Specify second corner point for base of Pyramid: (chn im th
hai B2 ca y)
Specify third corner point for base of Pyramid: (chn im th ba B3 ca y)
Specify fourth corner point for base of Pyramid or [Tetrahedron]: (chn im th
t B4 to y l mt phng t gic, nu nhp T th y l mt phng tam gic)
Specify apex point of pyramid or [Ridge/Top]: (Ta nh P a din, Chn R nu
nh l mt cnh, T nu nh l mt tam gic hoc t gic).
Nu nh l mt cnh (Ridge):

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


Specify first ridge end point of pyramid: (im th nht R1 ca cnh)
Specify second ridge end point of pyramid: (im th hai R2 ca cnh)
Nu nh l mt tam gic hoc t gic (Top), chn tng t nh trng hp trn.
3.3.4.
Mt hnh nn CONE
Dng lnh
Command: 3D
Enter an option
[Box/Cone/Dish/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge]:C
Specify center point for base of cone: (tm ca vng y
mt nn)
Specify radius for base of cone or [Diameter]: (bn knh
vng y
Specify radius for top of cone or [Diameter]: bn knh ng trn nh.
Specify height of cone: (chiu cao hnh nn).
Enter number of segment for surface of cone <16>: (nhp s ng sinh ni hai
mt nh v y).
3.3.5.
Mt hnh cu SPHERE
Dng lnh
Command: 3D
Enter an option
[Box/Cone/Dish/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge]:S
Specify center point of Sphere: (tm ca mt cu)
Specify radius of Sphere or [Diameter]: (bn knh mt cu
hoc nhp D nhp ng knh).
Enter number of longitudinal segments for surface of sphere
<16>: (nhp s ng kinh tuyn)
Enter number of latitudinal segments for surface of sphere <16>:
(nhp s ng v tuyn)
3.3.6.
Mt na cu trn DOME
Dng lnh
Command: 3D
Enter an option
[Box/Cone/Dish/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge]:DO
Specify center point of dome: (tm ca mt cu)
Specify radius of dome or [Diameter]: (bn knh hoc nhp ng
knh mt cu).
Enter number of longitudinal segments for surface of sphere <16>: (nhp s ng
kinh tuyn)
Enter number of latitudinal segments for surface of sphere <16>: (nhp s ng v
tuyn).
3.3.7.
Mt na cu di DISH
Dng lnh
Command: 3D
Enter an option
[Box/Cone/Dish/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge]:D
Specify center point of dish: (tm ca mt cu)
Specify radius of dish or [Diameter]: (bn knh hoc nhp ng

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


knh mt cu).
Enter number of longitudinal segments for surface of sphere <16>: (nhp s ng
kinh tuyn).
Enter number of latitudinal segments for surface of sphere <16>: (nhp s ng v
tuyn).
3.3.8.
Mt hnh xuyn TORUS
Dng lnh:
Command: 3D
Enter an option
[Box/Cone/Dish/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge]:T
Specify center point of torus: (tm ca mt xuyn)
Diameter\<Radius>of torus: (bn knh hoc nhp D nhp
ng knh vng xuyn ngoi).
Diameter\<Radius>of tube: (bn knh hoc nhp D nhp ng
knh ca ng).
Segment around tube circumference <16>: (S cc phn on trn mt ng)
Segment around tours circumference <16>: (S cc phn on theo chu vi mt
xuyn)
3.4. Mt li a gic:
Enter an option
[Box/Cone/Dish/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge]:M
Specify first corner point of mesh: nh im P1
Specify second corner point of mesh: nh im P2
Specify third corner point of mesh: P3
Specify fourth corner point of mesh: P4
Enter mesh size in the M direction: 10 (mt theo M)
Enter mesh size in the N direction: 20 (mt theo N)
3.5. Cc lnh to mt li a gic
3.5.1. Lnh EDGESURF
Cch gi lnh:
- Draw/ modeling/ meshes/ Edge mesh
- Edgesurf
Cng dng:
To mt li (gi l Coons sureface) theo 4 cnh bin c cc nh trng nhau. Cc
cnh ny l line, arc, 2dpline, 3dpoly, spline, cnh u tin c chn xc nh chiu
M ca li (mt li theo hng M bin surftab1), cnh c chon th hai chiu
N (mt li theo hng N bin surftab2). Ty vo gi tr cc bin ny ta c c
cc bin khc nhau.
Dng lnh:
Command: edgesurf
Current wire frame density: SURFTAB1=6 SURFTAB2=6
Select object 1 for surface edge: Chn cnh 1 xc nh chiu M
Select object 2 for surface edge: Chn cnh 2 xc nh chiu N
Select object 3 for surface edge: Chn cnh 3
Select object 4 for surface edge: Chn cnh 4

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 58 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

3.5.2. Lnh REVSURF


Cch gi lnh:
- Draw/ modeling/ meshes/ Revolve Mesh
- Revsurf
Cng dng:
S dng lnh revsurf to mt trn xoay bng cch xoay mt ng cong phng
(i tng 2D gi l ng cong to dng mt object to revolve) chung quanh mt trc
xoay (Axis of revolution). Mt li c to bi bin surftab1, surftab2. hiu
chnh li ta dng lnh Pedit, khi thc hin lnh Explore th mt li b ph v
Dng lnh:
Comand: Revsurf
Current wire frame density: Surftab1=16
Surftab2=6Select object to revolve:
(chn ng cong 1 to dng mt trn xoay, ng cong ny c th l: arc, line, circle,
2D pline, 3D pline)
Select object defines the axis of revolution: (chn trc xoay 2 l line, 2D pline, 3D
pline, Spline)
Specify start angle<0>: (v tr bt u mt trn xoay)
Specify included angle (+=ccw, -=ccw) <360>: (gc xoay ca path curve chung
quanh trc xoay, chiu dng ngc chiu kim ng h).

3.5.3. Lnh TABSURF


Cch gi lnh:
- Draw/ modeling/ meshes/ Tabulated Mesh
- Tabsurf
Cng dng:
Dng to mt li tr theo hnh dng ca ng chun (path curve) qut dc
theo vector nh hng (direction vector).
Dng lnh:
Command: tabsurf
Current wire frame density: SURFTAB1=6
Select object for path curve: Chn mt chun
Select object for direction vector: Chn vector
nh hng
3.5.4. Lnh RULESURF
Cch gi lnh:
- Draw/ modeling/ meshes/ Ruled Mesh
- Rulesurf
Cng dng:
To mt k gia hai ng bin c chn, mt ny c cc mt k l cc ng thng
Dng lnh:

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 59 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


Comand: Rulesurf
Current wire frame density: Surftab1=16
Select first defining curve: (chn ng bin 1)
Select second defining curve: (chn ng bin 2)

IV Bi tp
1./ S dng cc lnh Thickness, Pline, 3dface to hnh bc tam cp sau. Sau s
dng lnh hide che cc nt khut.

Hnh 2.1
2./ To m hnh ly nh hnh sau: s dng lnh Revsurf; quai ly to bng lnh pline vi
width = 4, kch thc ty .

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Hnh 2.2
3./ Dng lnh Revsurf; tabsurf v hnh 2.3.d.

a. Revsurf

b. Revsurf

c. Tabsurf

d. M hnh cu i cng

Hnh 2.3

4./ V m hnh bn. Vi c kch thc cho trn hnh. Chn bn v theo bin dng pline
nh hnh di ci t cc thng s elev=10 v thickness = 10.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 61 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Hnh 2.4

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 62 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Bi 3
TO KHI RN 3D
I Cc khi rn c s
C 2 phng php to khi rn c s
- To trc tip bng cc lnh to khi rn c s
- To cc i tng 2D sau dng cc phng php chui, xoay, to thnh
khi 3D
to solids c s ta c cc cch gi lnh sau:
- Toolbar modeling
- Draw/ modeling/ solid cn to
- G tn solid cn to
1.1. Khi hnh ch nht: BOX
Cng dng: to khi hnh hp
Gi lnh:
Toolbar
Draw/Modeling/box
Box
Dng lnh
Command: box
Specify first corner or [Center]: chn im gc th 1
Specify other corner or [Cube/Length]: chn im gc
th 2 hoc chn cc la chn
Specify height or [2Point]: nhp chiu cao hoc chn
la chn
Cc la chn khc:
- Cube: C to khi lp phng
Specify length <100.0000>: Nhp chiu di cnh ca khi lp phng
- Length: L nhp cc kch thc ca cc cnh to thnh hnh hp
Specify length <100.0000>: Nhp chiu di
Specify width <80.0000>: Nhp chiu rng
Specify height or [2Point] <100.0000>: Nhp chiu cao
- 2Ponit: 2P: la chn 2 im tnh chiu cao
1.2. Khi hnh tr: CYLINDER
Cng dng: to khi hnh tr
Gi lnh:
Toolbar
Draw/Modeling/cylinder
Cylinder
Dng lnh

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


Command: cylinder
Specify center point of base or [3P/2P/Ttr/Elliptical]: Chn im
tm C
Specify base radius or [Diameter]: Nhp bn knh R
Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint] <-50.0000>:Chiu cao H
II Cc php ton i s BOOLE
- Cc hnh khi 3D phc hp c to thnh bi nhng khi c s m chng ta
dng cc php cng khi rn (Union), tr khi rn (Subtract), giao khi rn (intersect).
Cc php ton i s Boole ny c th thc hin vi cc region
- Cc php ton ny gm c:
- Cng (union)
- Tr (subtract)
- Giao (Intersect)
2.1. Php cng UNION
Cng dng: To solid bng cch cng cc solid
Gi lnh:
Toolbar
Modify/Solid editing/Union
Uni
Dng lnh:
UNION
Select objects: Chn i tng
Select objects: Chn i tng
Select objects: Chn tip hoc enter kt
thc

Trc UNI Sau UNI

2.2. Php tr SUBTRACT


Cng dng: To solid bng cch tr cc solid thnh phn
Gi lnh:
Toolbar
Modify/Solid editing/Subtract
Su
Dng lnh:
Command: su
SUBTRACT Select solids and regions to
subtract from ..
Select objects: Chn solid b tr. enter
Select objects: Select solids and regions to
Solid tr - solid b tr - trc SU Sau SU
subtract ..
Select objects: Chn Solid tr
Select objects: Chn tip hoc enter
2.3. Php giao INTERSECT
Cng dng: To solid bng cch giao cc solid thnh phn

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


Gi lnh:
Toolbar
Modify/solid editing/Intersect
IN
Dng lnh:
Command: in
INTERSECT
Select objects: chn i tng
Select objects: Chn i tng
Select objects: Chn i tng hoc enter

Trc IN sau IN

2.4. Trnh t to khi rn phc tp


9 Phn tch khi a hp gm bao nhiu khi c s.
9 To cc khi c s bng cc lnh: BOX CYLINDER WEDGE CONE
TORUS EXTRUDE REVOLVE.
9 nh v tr thch hp nh cc lnh hiu chnh: MOVE COPY 3DALIGN
3DMIRROR 3DROTATE 3DARRAY,
9 S dng cc php ton i s boole: UNION SUBTRACT INTERSECT.
Ngoi ra c th s dng cc lnh hiu chnh khi rn nh: SLICE
CHAMFER FILLET khi to khi a hp.
2.5. V d:
To khi a hp sau:

Phn tch thnh cc khi c s

Di chuyn ng v tr

S dng lnh UNI v SU

III - Cc dng hin th m hnh trc quan


Gi lnh: View/Visual styles

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


Cc la chn:
2D Wireframe: dng khung dy 2D
3D Wireframe: Khung dy 3D
3D Hiden: Che cc mt khut
Realistic: t bng m hnh v lm mn cc
cnh gia cc mt a gic vt liu c
gn cho m hnh.
9 Conceptual: s pha trn gia cc gam mu
III Bi tp:
1. Cc lnh cn thc hin trong bi tp:
Lnh thit lp h ta : UCS
Lnh to khi hp v khi tr: BOX - CYLINDER
Cc lnh v php ton Boole: UNION SUBTRACT INTERSECT
Lnh quan st trc quan trn m hnh: VISUAL STYLES.
Lnh quan st t do: 3DORBIT
Cch xy dng m hnh khi rn phc tp
Cch lnh 2D khc.
2. Yu cu thc hin
M file mi v thc hin cc yu cu sau:
Thit lp mi trng 3D SE Isometric.
V mt khi hp v mt khi tr.
Thao tc cc la chn ca lnh UCS.
Thc hin cc m hnh trong bi tp.
C th quan st khi rn bng 3DORBIT khi cn nhng nh tr v gc
quan st chun bng lnh RESET VIEW.
Dng cc kiu quan st trc quan bng lnh VISUAL STYLES.
9
9
9
9

Hnh 3.1

Hnh 3.2

Hnh 3.3

Hnh 3.4

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Hnh 3.5

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

Hnh 3.6

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Bi 4
TO KHI RN 3D (TT)
I Cc khi rn c s (TT)
1.1. To khi hnh cu SPHRERE
Cng dng: to khi hnh cu
Gi lnh:
Toolbar
Draw/Modeling/shpere
Shpere
Dng lnh:
Command: Sphere
Center of Sphere <0,0,0>: Chn tm khi cu.
Diameter/<Radius> of Sphere: Nhp bn knh khi cu (Nu p D th gi
tr nhp l ng knh khi cu).
1.2. To khi hnh nn CONE
Cng dng: to khi hnh nn
Gi lnh:
Toolbar
Draw/Modeling/cone
cone
Dng lnh:
Command: _cone
Specify center point of base or [3P/2P/Ttr/Elliptical]: chn tm
Specify base radius or [Diameter] <78.1444>: nhp bn knh vng y
Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint/Top radius] <119.4188>:
Cc la chn khc:
Top radius: T. La chn ny v hnh nn ct. Khi nhp T xut hin:
Specify top radius <0.0000>: nhp bn khnh vng nh
1.3. To khi hnh nm WEDGE
Cng dng: to khi hnh nm
Gi lnh:
Toolbar
Draw/Modeling/wedge
Wedge
Dng lnh:

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


Command: _wedge
Specify first corner or [Center]: chn im
gc th nht
Specify other corner or [Cube/Length]:
im gc th 2 hoc cc la chn
Specify height or [2Point] <294.4741>:
nhp chiu cao
Cc la chn khc:
Length: L. nhp kch thc theo cc cnh
Ch :
Trc X: chiu di hnh nm
Trc Y: chiu rng hnh nm (trc to gc vung ca hnh nm)
Trc Z: chiu cao hnh nm.
Cube: C. Ba cnh bng nhau
1.4.To khi hnh xuyn TORUS
Cng dng: to khi hnh xuyn
Gi lnh:
Toolbar
Draw/Modeling/torus
Torus
Dng lnh:
Command: _torus
Specify center point or [3P/2P/Ttr]: nh tm hnh xuyn (1)
Specify radius or [Diameter] <120.1555>: bn knh ng trn bao (2)
Specify tube radius or [2Point/Diameter]: bn knh ng (3)
II Cc lnh h tr to khi rn
2.1. Lnh EXTRUDE
Cng dng: To solid bng cch dui bin dng 2D theo trc z hoc theo
ng dn.
Gi lnh:
Toolbar
Draw/Modeling/extrude
EXT
iu kin v bin dng 2D khi thc hin lnh EXTRUDE:
o Nhng i tng hnh hc sau c th lm bin dng:
i tng kn: 2Dplines; 2Dsplines; polygons; circles; Ellipses;
Donuts; 2Dsolids; Regions; planar surfaces; planar faces on solids.
i tng h: Lines; arcs; Elliptical arcs; 2Dplines; 2Dsplines.
o Nu bin dng kn th m hnh nhn c l khi rn. Nu bin dng h th
nhn c m hnh mt cong (surfaces)
o Cc plines khng c c cc phn on giao nhau
o Nu bin dng c xy dng t nhiu i tng hnh hc, th chng phi
c ni vi nhau bng lnh PEDIT
Dng lnh:

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


Command: _extrude
Current
wire
frame
density:
ISOLINES=4
Select objects to extrude: Chn i
tng cn extrude
Select objects to extrude: chn tip
i tng hoc enter kt thc chn i
tng
Specify height of extrusion or [Direction/Path/Taper angle] <26.5000>: Nhp
chiu cao hoc chn cc la chn
Cc la chn khc:
Direction: D: Xc nh chiu di v hng dui theo 2 im ch nh.
Path: P: Dui bin dng theo ng dn.
Cc i tng sau c th s dng lm ng dn: Lines; arcs; circles; ellipses;
2Dplines; 3Dplines; splines.
Taper angle: ch nh gc vt.
- Nu gc vt = 0 th dui vung gc vi mt chn.
- Nu l gc dng th s vt vo trong.
- Nu l gc m s vt ra ngoi.
Ch : Bin dng 2D phi vung gc vi ng dn.
2.2. Lnh REVOLVE
Cng dng: To solid bng cch xoay bin dng 2D quanh mt trc.
Gi lnh:
Toolbar
Draw/Modeling/Revolve
REV
Dng lnh:
Command: _revolve
Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4
Select objects to revolve: chn i tng cn
revolve
Select objects to revolve: chn tip i tng
hoc enter kt thc
Specify axis start point or define axis by
[Object/X/Y/Z] <Object>: chn im th nht ca
trc xoay hoc la chn cc la chn
Specify axis endpoint: chn im th 2 ca trc
xoay
Specify angle of revolution or [STart angle] <360>: nhp gc xoay
Cc i tng lm bin dng:
Tng t nh lnh EXTRUDE.
Cc la chn nh ngha trc xoay:
o Axis start point: chn im u trc xoay.
Dng nhc ph: la chn im cui trc xoay.
o Object: Chn i tng lm trc xoay.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


Cc i tng c th lm trc xoay: on thng; phn on thng ca a
tuyn; cnh thng ca ca khi rn hay mt cong.
Dng nhc ph: chn mt i tng lm trc xoay.
o X,Y,Z: chn mt trong cc trc ta lm trc xoay
La chn ny ch xut hin dng nhc cui l nhp gc xoay.
Ch : Bin dng 2D v trc xoay phi nm cng mt mt phng.
III Ghi kch thc v mt ct trn m hnh
ghi kch thc trn mt no ta phi to UCS mi sao cho cc kch thc cn
ghi nm trn mt phng XY ca UCS hin hnh.
Ta ch v tuyn nh ca mt ct trn mt XY ca UCS hin hnh. Ngoi ra ta phi
to ra mt hnh kn 2D trn mt phng XY ny v tin hnh ghi mt ct bng lnh
Bhatch.
IV Bi tp:
1. Cc lnh cn thc hin trong bi tp:
Lnh thit lp h ta : UCS
Lnh to khi c s: WEDGE CONE SPHERE TORUS.
Lnh to khi rn bng cch dui bin dng: EXTRUDE.
Lnh to khi rn trn xoay: REVOLVE.
Cc lnh v php ton Boole: UNION SUBTRACT INTERSECT
Lnh quan st trc quan trn m hnh: VISUAL STYLES.
Lnh quan st t do: 3DORBIT
Cch xy dng m hnh khi rn phc tp
Cch lnh 2D khc.
2. Yu cu thc hin
M file mi v thc hin cc yu cu sau:
Thit lp mi trng 3D SE Isometric.
V cc khi c s: WEDGE CONE SPHERE TORUS.
Thao tc cc la chn ca lnh UCS.
Thc hin cc m hnh trong bi tp.
C th quan st khi rn bng 3DORBIT khi cn nhng nh tr v gc
quan st chun bng lnh RESET VIEW.
Dng cc kiu quan st trc quan VISUAL STYLES.

Bin dng

ng dn
Hnh 4.1 Dng lnh EXTRUDE v ci khay

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 71 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Hnh 4.2 Dng lnh REVOLVE v EXTRUDE v hnh ci ly

Hnh 4.3

Hnh 4.4

Hnh 4.5

Hnh 4.6

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 72 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Bi 5
CC LNH KHI RN C S V H TR TO
KHI RN NNG CAO
I Cc lnh to khi rn c s
1.1.

Lnh PYRAMID
Cng dng: To khi a din
Gi lnh:

Toolbar
Draw/Modeling/Pyramid
Pyr
Dng lnh:
Command: _pyramid
4 sides Circumscribed
Specify center point of base or
[Edge/Sides]:Xc nh tm ni tip hnh
trn.
Specify base radius or [Inscribed]
<234.146>: Bn knh vng trn ngoi tip.
Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint/Top
radius] <382.9614>: Chiu cao khi a
din.
Cc la chn khc:
Side: S. nh s cnh ca a din
Enter number of sides <4>: Nhp s cnh a din.
Edge: E. nh chiu di cnh y bng 2 im.
Specify first endpoint of edge: nh im th nht
Specify second endpoint of edge: nh im th 2 ca cnh a din
Top radius: T. nh bn knh vng trn mt trn to khi a din ct.
Specify top radius <0.0000>: nhp bn khnh vng nh

1.2.

Lnh POLYSOLID
Cng dng: To khi a tuyn, ly lnh polyline nhng c thm chiu dy
v chiu cao.
Gi lnh:

Toolbar
Draw/Modeling/Polysodid
Psolid
Dng lnh:
Command: _Polysolid
Specify start point or [Object/Height/Width/Justify]<Object>: Chn im u.
Specify next point or [Arc/Undo]: Chn im tip theo hoc theo dy cung
Specify next point or [Arc/Undo]: Chn im k tip.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Undo]: Chn im k tipees hoc s dng cc
la chn.
Cc la chn khc:
Height: H. nh chiu cao khi a tuyn
Specify height <10.0000>:
gi tr chiu cao
Width: W. nh chiu dy khi
a tuyn..
Specify width <2.0000>:
nhc hiu dy khi a tuyn.
Justify: F. Canh l cnh giao
khi a din
Enter justification [Left/Center/Right] <Center>: Chn cch canh l.
Object: O. Chn i tng chuyn thnh khi a tuyn.
Select object: Chn i tng
Arc: A. V cung
Specify endpoint of arc or[Close/Direction/Line/Second point/Undo]: Cc
ch v cung nh lnh ARC trong 2D.
II Cc lnh h tr to khi rn
2.1. Lnh HELIX
Cng dng: v ng xon c (h tr dng khi bng lnh extrude,
loft, sweep).
Gi lnh:
Toolbar
Draw/Helix
Helix
Dng lnh:
Command: _Helix
Number of turns = 3.0000 Twist=CCW
Specify center point of base: Chn im tm mt y
Specify base radius or [Diameter] <1.0000>: bn knh mt y ca ng
xon c.
Specify top radius or [Diameter] <269.7604>: bn knh nh ng xon c.
Specify helix height or [Axis endpoint/Turns/turn Height/tWist] <1.0000>:
Chiu cao ng xon c.
Cc la chn khc:
Turns: T.
Enter number of turns <3.0000>:
Xc nh s vng ca ng xon
c.
turn Height: H.
Specify distance between turns
<221.1235>: Xc nh khong cch
S vng=10; hng xon cng KH,
2 vng (bc ren).
chiu cao = 50
tWist: W.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


Enter twist direction of helix [CW/CCW] <CCW>: Xc nh chiu ca
ng xon c.
CW: cng chiu kim ng h. CCW: ngc chiu kim ng h.
2.2. Lnh SWEEP
Cng dng: to khi hoc mt cong bng cch qut bin dng 2D theo mt
ng dn.
Gi lnh:
Toolbar
Draw/Modeling/Sweep
Sweep
Dng lnh:
Command: _sweep
Current wire frame density:
ISOLINES=4
Select objects to sweep: Chn
bin dng cn qut.
Select objects to sweep: Chn
tip hoc enter kt thc la chn.
Select
sweep
path
or
[Alignment/Base point/Scale/Twist]:
Chn ng dn.
Cc la chn khc:
Alignment: A.
Align sweep object perpendicular to path before sweep [Yes/No]<Yes>:
Canh chnh bin dng vung gc vi hng tip tuyn ca ng dn qut.
Scale: S. T l ca thao tc qut t im u n im cui.
Enter scale factor or [Reference]<1.0000>: nh gi tr t l.
Twist: T.
Enter twist angle or allow banking for a non-planar sweep path
[Bank]<0.0000>: Xc nh gc xon cho i tng.
2.3. Lnh LOFT
Cng dng: to khi hoc mt cong bng cch nh vng ln lt qua
nhiu bin dng.
Gi lnh:
Toolbar
Draw/Modeling/Loft
Loft
Dng lnh:
Command: _loft
Select cross sections in lofting
order: Chn mt ct ngang th
tht.
Select cross sections in lofting
order: Chn mt ct ngang th 2.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


Select cross sections in lofting order: Tip tc hoc enter kt thc la chn.
Enter an option [Guides/Path/Cross sections only] <Cross sections only>:
Chn cc ty chn.
Cc la chn khc:
Guides: G. Theo cc ng dn hng ch nh kim sot m hnh loft.
Select guides curves: Chn cc ng dn.
Path: P. Theo cc ng dn ring l.
Select path curve: Chn ng dn.
Cross section only: C. Xut hin hp thoi LOFT settings.
Ruled: k thng gia cc mt ct ngang v c cc
cnh sc nhn ti cc mt ct ngang.
Smooth Fit: lm mn gia cc mt ct ngang v c
cc cnh sc nhn ti cc mt ct ngang.
Normal to: iu khin hng php tuyn trn b
mt m n i qua cc mt ct .
Draf angles: iu khin gc thot v ln mt
ct u tin v cui cng ca khi rn hay mt
cong loft.
Close Surface or Solid: ng kn hay m mt
cong ca khi rn.
Preview Changes: Hin th kt qu xem trc trn
mn hnh khi thit lp trong hp thoi thay i
2.4. Lnh PRESSPULL
Cng dng: to l hoc rnh bng cch ko cc min ng kn i xuyn
qua khi rn
Gi lnh:
Toolbar
Draw/Modeling/Presspull
Presspull
Dng lnh:
Click inside bounded areas to press or pull. Click vo bn trong bin dng
ko i.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


III Bi tp

Hnh 5.1

Hnh 5.2
M10x1,5

H = 0.86603xP
H1 = H/4 = 0.2376125
H2 = 5H/8 = 0,111903

Hnh 5.3

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 77 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Bi 6
CC LNH HIU CHNH KHI RN
PHP BIN HNH 3D
I Cc lnh hiu chnh khi rn
1.1. Lnh CHAMFER
Cng dng: vt mp cc cnh ca solid.
Gi lnh:
Toolbar
Modify/chamfer
CHA
Dng lnh:
Command: cha
CHAMFER
(TRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist1 = 0.0000, Dist2 = 0.0000
Select first line or [Undo/Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/mEthod/Multiple]:
chn mt chun
Base surface selection...
Enter surface selection option [Next/OK (current)] <OK>: chn mt ny
hoc mt vung gc vi mt va chn lm mt chun
Specify base surface chamfer distance: gi tr vt trn mt chun
Specify other surface chamfer distance <10.0000>: gi tr trn mt vung
gc vi mt chun
Select an edge or [Loop]: chn cnh cn chamfer hoc chn la chn Loop
Select an edge or [Loop]: chn cnh cn chamfer hoc chn la chn Loop
hoc enter kt thc.
La chn Loop: vt mp tt c cc cnh trn mt chun.
Ch :
Phi CHAMFER trc khi c l khi khong cch vt vt qu im thp
hoc xa nht ca l .
Ch thc hin trn giao tuyn thng hoc cong nhng chng phi nm trn
cng mt mt phng.
1.2. Lnh FILLET
Cng dng: to gc ln (giao tuyn lm) hoc bo trn (giao tuyn li).
Gi lnh:
Toolbar
Modify/FILLET
F
Dng lnh:
Command: _fillet
Current settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 20.0000
Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: Chn cnh ca
mt cn bo
Enter fillet radius <20.0000>: Nhp bn knh bo

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


Select an edge or [Chain/Radius]: Chn cnh cn bo hoc chn cc la
chn hoc enter kt thc.
La chn khc:
R: nhp vo bn knh bo khc.
Chain: Cho php FILLET mt lot cnh lin tip nhau cc cnh chn
FILLET phi to thnh mt chui.
1.3. Lnh SLICE
Cng dng: Dng ct mt solid thnh 2 solid ring bit
Gi lnh:
Toolbar
Modify/3D Operation/ SECTION
SL
Dng lnh:
Command: sl
Select objects to slice: Chn i tng cn ct
Select objects to slice: Chn tip i tng hoc enter kt thc la chn.
Specify start point of slicing plane or [planar
Object/Surface/Zaxis/View/XY/YZ/ZX/3points] <3points>: Chn im u tin
ca mt phng ct hoc chn cc cch xc nh mt phng ct
Specify second point on plane: Chn im th 2 ca mt phng ct.
Hai im ny phig song trc x hoc y to thnh mt phng ct i qua 2 im v
song song vi trc x v y.
Specify a point on desired side or [keep Both sides] <Both>: Chn 1 im
bn phn gi li hoc nhn B gi c hai.
Vn xc nh mt phng ct:
3 Points: Xc nh 3 im ca mt phng ct.
Specify start point of slicing plane or [planar
Object/Surface/Zaxis/View/XY/YZ/ZX/3points] <3points>: 3
Specify first point on plane: Chn im th nht
Specify second point on plane: chn im th 2
Specify third point on plane: chn im th 3
XY/YZ/ZX: s dng mt phng h ta hin hnh lm mt phng ct.
Specify start point of slicing plane or [planar
Object/Surface/Zaxis/View/XY/YZ/ZX/3points]<3points>:xy/ yz/ zx.
Specify a point on the XY-plane <0,0,0>: Chn im m mt phng
s i qua
1.4. Lnh SECTION
Cng dng: dng v ra mt min l giao ca solid v mt phng ct.
Mt ny s nm trn lp hin hnh.
Gi lnh:
Toolbar
SEC
Dng lnh:
Command: sec
Select objects: Chn i tng

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


Select objects: Chn tip i tng hoc enter kt thc la chn
Specify first point on Section plane by
Object/Zaxis/View/XY/YZ/ZX/3points] <3points>: Chn im u hoc
chn cc la chn xc nh mt phng
Specify second point on plane: Chn im th 2
Specify third point on plane: Chn im th 3 ca mt phng ct.
1.5. Lnh SECTION PLANE
Cng dng: To mt i tng mt ct ng vai tr nh mt mt phng
ct i xuyn qua vt th.
Gi lnh:
Toolbar
Sectionplane
Draw/Modeling/section plane
Dng lnh:
Command: _sectionplane
Select face or any point to locate section line or [Draw
section/Orthographic]: Chn b mt hay im bt k nh v tr ng
ct.
Cc la chn khc:
Draw section: D. nh ngha i tng mt ct bng nhiu im to ra ng
ct bc.
Specify start point: Chn im u tin ca ng ct.
Specify next point: Chn im k tip.
Specify next point or ENTER to complete: Chn im k tip hoc enter
kt thc la chn.
Specify point in direction of section view: Chn im ch hng nhn
mt phng ct.
Orthographic: O. Canh chnh i tng mt ct theo cc hng nhn vung
gc vi UCS hin hnh.
Align section to: [Front/bAck/Top/Bottom/Left/Right] <Top>: chn cch
nhn thch hp.
Xc nh mt phng ct tng t nh lnh SLICE.
II Cc lnh v php bin hnh 3D
2.1. Lnh 3D ROTATE
Cng dng: Xoay i tng solid quanh mt trc.
Gi lnh:
Modify/ 3D Operations/ 3D ROTATE
Rotate3d
Dng lnh:

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


Command: 3drotate
Current positive angle in UCS:
ANGDIR=counterclockwise ANGBASE=0
Select objects: Chn i tng cn xoay
Select objects: Chn tip i tng hoc enter
kt thc
Specify base point: Chn im chun
Pick a rotation axis: Chn 1 trong ba cn trc
Specify angle start point or type an angle: Nhp gc xoay
2.2.Lnh 3D MIRROR
Cng dng: To i tng i xng qua mt mt phng.
Gi lnh:
Modify/ 3D Operations/ 3D MIRROR
Mirror3d
Dng lnh:
Command: 3dmirror
MIRROR3D
Select objects: Chn i tng cn i xng
Select objects: Chn tip i tng hoc enter kt thc lnh
Specify
first
point
of
mirror
plane
(3
points)
or
[Object/Last/Zaxis/View/XY/YZ/ZX/3points] <3points>: Chn im u
ca mt phng i xng hoc chn cc la chn xc nh mt phng ct.
Specify second point on mirror plane: Chn im th 2 ca mt phng ct.
Specify third point on mirror plane: Chn im th ba ca mt phng ct
Delete source objects? [Yes/No] <N>: Xa i tng mu hay khng?
Cc la chn v mp i xng: tng t nh lnh SLICE
2.3. Lnh 3D ALIGN
Cng dng: Lp ghp cc i tng trong khng gian
Gi lnh:
Modify/ 3D Operations/ 3D ALIGN
3DALIGN
Dng lnh:
Command: 3dalign
Select objects: Chn i tng cn lp
Select objects: Chn tip i tng hoc enter kt thc la chn
Specify source plane and orientation ...
Specify base point or [Copy]: Chn im ngun 1 (S1)
Specify second point or [Continue] <C>: Chn im ngun 2 (S2)
Specify third point or [Continue] <C>: Chn im ngun 3 (S3)
Specify destination plane and orientation ...
Specify first destination point: Chn im ch 1 (D1)
Specify second destination point or [eXit] <X>: Chn im ch 1 (D3)
Specify third destination point or [eXit] <X>: Chn im ch 3 (D3)

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

2.4. Lnh 3D ARRAY


Cng dng: Sao chp cc i tng thnh dy HCN (RECTANGULAR)
theo hng, ct, lp. Hoc theo mt ng tm (POLAR) .
Gi lnh:
Modify/ 3D Operations/ 3D ARRAY
3DARRAY
Dng lnh:
a. Rectangular array
Command: 3darray
Initializing... 3DARRAY loaded.
Select objects: Chn i tng cn array
Select objects: Chn tip i tng hoc enter kt thc lnh
Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar] <R>:R
Enter the number of rows (---) <1>: Nhp s hng
Enter the number of columns (|||) <1>: Nhp s ct
Enter the number of levels (...) <1>: Nhp s lp
Specify the distance between rows (---): Khong cch gia hai hng
Specify the distance between columns (|||): Khong cch gia 2 ct
Specify the distance between levels (...): Khong cch gia 2 lp

Rectangrular array vi 2 rows,


6 colums, 2 levels.

Trc Rectangular array

b. Polar array
Command: 3darray
Select objects: Chn i tng cn ARRAY
Select objects: Chn tip i tng hoc enter kt thc
Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar] <R>:P
Enter the number of items in the array: Nhp s i tng cn array
Specify the angle to fill (+=ccw, -=cw) <360>: nhp gi tr gc xoay
Rotate arrayed objects? [Yes/No] <Y>: C xoay i tng mu hay khng?
Specify center point of array: Chn tm ca trc xoay
Specify second point on axis of rotation: Chn im th 2 ca trc xoay

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Trc polar array


Sau khi polar array vi 8 i tng v gc 360o.
III Bi tp:
1. Cc lnh cn thc hin trong bi tp:
Lnh thit lp h ta : UCS
Lnh hiu chnh khi rn: CHAMFER; FILLET; SLICE; SECTION.
Lnh bin hnh: 3DROTATE 3DMIRROR 3DARRAY 3DALIGN.
Cc lnh v php ton Boole: UNION SUBTRACT INTERSECT.
Lnh quan st trc quan trn m hnh: SHADE.
Lnh quan st t do: 3DORBIT
Cch xy dng m hnh khi rn phc tp.
Cc lnh hc bi trc.
Cc lnh 2D khc.
2. Yu cu thc hin
M file mi v thc hin cc yu cu sau:
Thit lp mi trng 3D SE Isometric.
Thao tc cc la chn ca lnh UCS.
Thc hin cc m hnh trong bi tp bng cc lnh to khi c s hoc bng
cc lnh h tr to khi hc; kt hp vi cc lnh bin hnh v hiu
chnh.
C th quan st khi rn bng 3DORBIT khi cn nhng nh tr v gc
quan st chun bng lnh RESET VIEW.
Dng cc kiu quan st trc quan VISUAL STYLES.

Hnh 6.1

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

Hnh 6.2

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Hnh 6.3

Hnh 6.4

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Bi 7
TO HNH CHIU 2D T M HNH 3D
I Gii thiu Model space v Paper space
Trong AutoCAD c hai khi nim v khng gian lm vic:
- Model Space khng gian m hnh
- Paper Space - khng gian giy v
1.1. Model space:
Model space: l m hnh 3 chiu trn bn c th xy dng m hnh c chiu cao, chiu
di v chiu rng.
Trong model space bn c th quan st m hnh t mt im bt k.
Bn c th chia mn hnh thnh nhiu khung nhn (Viewport) khc nhau
ng thi cng quan st m hnh t cc im nhn khc nhau.
Tuy nhin model space khng thch hp to cc bn v 2D t m hnh 3D
vi cc l do sau:
Ch in c viewport hin hnh, mc d trn mn hnh biu hin viewport.
Khng th in cng lc cc hnh chiu bng, ng, cnh trong model space.
Rt bt tin khi mun thm vo bn v 2D cc dng ch thch, kch thc.
Rt kh nh t l in vi t l chnh xc t cc viewport khc vi plan view.
Cc vn trn c th khc phc c trong khng gian giy v (paper space).
1.2. Paper space:
L khng gian hai chiu nm mt
ng ca model space nh l mt t
giy.
Bn c th nhp cc dng ch
thch, v ng bao, khung tn
trn paper space.
Ngoi ra bn cn c th quan
st model space qua cc khung
nhn trn paper space.
Paper space cho php to cc
hnh chiu 2D t m hnh 3D.
S thay i bt k trn m hnh
3D s t ng cp nhp trn cc
hnh chiu 2D.
Hnh 7.1 Paper space
Trn paper space s dng cc viewport
c bit gi l Floating viewport.
1.3. Chuyn i khng gian lm vic gia model space v paper space.
1.3.1 Model space sang paper space:
chuyn i mi trng lm vic t model space sang paper space ta c cc cch sau:
Cch to thm cc layout cho bn v;
Theo mt nh, mi file bn v ch c 2 layout. Nu bn mun to thm nhiu layout
na, hy thc hin mt trong hai cch sau;

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Click chut ln tn mt layout bt k, xut hin shortcut menu, chn


newlayout.
Insert / Layout/ New Layout, sau nhn Enter.
Sauk hi kch hot mi trng lm vic paper space, s xut hin hp thoi
PAGE SEUP
Plot Device:
o Plotter Configution: chn my in.
o Plot style table: chn kiu in. (Chn kiu in c tn monochrome.ctb).
Layout Settings
o Paper size :chn kh giy.
ISO A0 ( 841.00x 1189.00 mm)
ISO A1 ( 841.00x 594.00 mm)
ISO A2 ( 594.00x 420.00 mm)
ISO A3 ( 420.00x 297.00 mm)
ISO A4 ( 297.00x 210.00 mm)
o Plot scale: chn t l in. (chn
1:1)
o Drawing orientation
chn
hng giy (Ptrait - ng,
Landspace ngang).
o Cc lc chn khc theo mc
Hnh 7.2 Hp thoi Paper setup
nh.
Sau khi thit lp giy v xong, nhn nt OK Lc ny, trn trang giy xut hin mt
viewport cha m hnh cc gc nhn hnh chiu trc o.
Bn hy xa viewport tin hnh to cc viewport khc.
1.3.2. Paper space sang model space:
Model
Hoc Tilemode = 1
II To khung nhn ng
Cng dng lnh: to khung nhn ng trong khng gian giy v.
Cch gi lnh:

View/viewport

MV
Dng lnh:
Specify corner of viewport or
(ON / OFF/ Fit / Shadeplot/ Lock/ Object/ polygonal/ Restore/ 2/3/4) < (Fit): im
1 v 2

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


Cc la chn:
Specify
corner
of
viewport: xc nh im u
ca viewport.
Dng nhc ph:
Specify opposite corner:
Xc nh im th 2 ca
ng cho viewport
Fit: F: To viewport va
kht vi trang giy.
2: to 2 viewport nm
ngang hoc thng ng.
Dng nhc ph:
Hnh 7.3 To bn khung nhn vi la chn FIT
Enter viewport arrangement (Horizontal/ Vertical/ Above/ Below/ Left/
Right):
Specify opposite corner or (Fit) : La chn FIT 2 viewport va kht vi
trang giy.
3: to 3 viewport
4: to 4 viewport.
III To cc hnh chiu vung gc

Cng dng lnh: Xc nh dim


nhn n m hnh 3D. Ch thc hin c
khi chuyn v khng gian model space.

Cch gi lnh:
o
View/3dview
o
Thanh cng c view.

Ch : Nu hnh chiu bng khng


ph hp s dng rotate.
nh t l vo mi trng model space chn
zoom sau chn s v nhp t l.

Hnh 7.4 To 4 hnh chiu

IV iu chnh v tr cc hnh chiu vung gc


Cng dng: hiu chnh v tr v kch thc cc hnh chiu trong viewport
(s dng trong mi trng paperspace)
Nhp lnh: MVSETUP
Dng lnh:
Command: Mvsetup
Enter an option [align/Create/Scale viewports/Options/Title block/Undo]: A
Dng nhc ph:
Enter an option [Angled/Horizontal/Vertical alignment/Rotate view/Undo]:
- Nu nhp V: canh l theo chiu ng gia hai hnh chiu ng v chiu
cnh.
Xc nh im chun trn hnh chiu trong viewport gc.
Chn im trn hnh chiu khc chnh theo v tr chn.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


- Nu chn H: tng t nh chn Vertical
V To ng bao nt khut cho m hnh 3D v ba hnh chiu
Cng dng lnh: To nhng ng thy, nt khut cho c hnh chiu thc
hin trong mi trng model space.
Cch gi lnh
Draw/ modeling/ Setup/ Profile.
Solproft
2004 Draw/ solid/ setup/ profile.
Select objects: chn hnh chiu/ tip tc hoc
enter.
Display hidden profile lines on separate
layer? [Yes/ No] <y>:Y
Nu nhp Yes s to ra 2 layer mang tn:
PV- tn viewport: layer cha ng bao
thy.
PH tn viewport: layer cha ng bao
khut.
Nu nhp no th ch to ra mt layer cha
ng bao thy.
Hnh 7.5 Bn v sau khi dng solprof
Project profile lines onto a plane?[Yes/No]<Y>: N
Nu chn Yes: T ng chiu cc ng bao ln mt phng song song vi mn
hnh v mt phng ny i qua im gc ca Ucs hin hnh.
Nu chn No: cc ng bao vn gi nguyn dng 3D (Wireframe).
VI To lp trong khng gian giy v
Cng dng lnh: iu chnh lp trong tng khung nhn ng ring bit.
Cch gi Vplayer thc hin trong mi trng paper space.
to ra 1 player ghi kch thc hoc v tuyn nh cho khung nhn
cha hnh chiu trc o.
Layer ny b ng bng trong tt c cc viewport.
Trc khi ghi kch thc hay v tuyn nh hy lm tan bng layer va to
trong viewport cha hnh chiu trc o.
Nhp lnh:
Command: Vplayer
Enter an option [ ? / Freeze/ Thaw/ Reset/ Newfrz/ Vpvisdflt]: N
Dng nhc ph: t tn player
Enter name(s) oF new layers frozen in all viewports:
VII Trnh t to hnh chiu 2D t m hnh 3D
1. To layer mi qun l m hnh solid cn v.
2. Xy dng m hnh solid.
3. Np kiu ng hidden vo bn v.
4. Thit lp li Ucs.
5. Chuyn m hnh v ch hin th 2D (Wire frame).
6. Chuyn sang mi trng khng gian giy v (paper space) xa viewport.
7. S dng cc Mview to cc viewport.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


8. Dng Vpoint to hnh chiu vung gc.
9. Dng Zoom scale nh t l quan st.
10. Dng MVsetup chnh v tr cc hnh chiu.
11. Dng Solprof.
12. Tt layer cha m hnh 3D.
13. Hon thin bn v.
Thuyt lp layer cho cc lp PH, PV.
V khung bao bn v, khung tn.
V thm cc ng tm cho hnh chiu.
Ln kch thc, ghi ch thch.
14. To Vplayer to ra 1 lp ghi kch thc hoc v tuyn nh cho viewport
cha hnh chiu trc o.
VIII Bi tp:
1. Cc lnh cn thc hin trong bi tp:
Cch xy dng m hnh khi rn phc tp
Lnh to khung nhn ng: MVIEW.
Lnh to cc hnh chiu: VPOINT.
Lnh iu chnh v tr gia cc hnh chiu vung gc: MVSETUP.
Lnh to ng bao, nt khut: SOLPROF.
Lnh to lp trong giy v: VPLAYER.
Trnh t thc hin php chiu t m hnh 3D sang 2D.
Cc lnh hc bi trc v lnh 2D.
2. Yu cu thc hin
M file mi v thc hin cc yu cu sau:
Thit lp mi trng 3D SE Isometric.
T cc hnh chiu 2D cho trong bi tp, bn hy xy dng m hnh 3D
bng lnh to khi c bn hoc bng cc lnh h tr khi rn hc; kt
hp vi cc lnh hiu chnh bin hnh. Trn m hnh 3D khng cn ghi kch
thc.
Tip theo thc hin php chiu t m hnh 3D sang bn v 2D bao gm
hnh chiu bng, chiu ng, chiu cnh nh ban u cho. Ghi kch
thc cho ba hnh chiu . V ghi mt s kch thc tng trung cho hnh
chiu ISOMETRIC.
Ci t LAYER ng tiu chun v ch cch b tr cc hnh v trn 1
layout.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Hnh 7.6

Hnh 7.7

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 90 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Bi 8
TO HNH CHIU V HNH CT T M HNH
3D BNG LNH SOLVIEW V SOLDRAW
I To cc hnh chiu vung gc, hnh ct v hnh chiu ph
Cng dng
Lnh solview c thc hin trong mi trng paper space.
Lnh solview s t ng to ra cc lp mi: lp cc ng bao
thy (visible lines), lp cc ng khut (Hidden lines), lp
ng ct
(Section hatching), lp ng kch thc
(Dimensions)..
Tn cc lp c th hin nh sau:
Tn Layer
Dng i tng
View name Vis
Visible Lines
View name HID
Hidden Lines
View name DIM
Dimensions
View name HAT
Hatch Patterns
Cch gi lnh
Draw/ Modeling/ Setup/ View
Solview
Dng lnh
Enter an option (Ucs/ Ortho/ Auxiliary/ Section): chn cc la chn
Cc la chn
Ucs: U S dng mp ca Ucs hin hnh lm mp chiu.
Dng nhc ph:
V d: To hnh chiu bng bng la chn
Enter an Option (Named/ World/ ?/ UCS ca lnh SOLVIEW.
Current) < Current>: chp nhn Ucs ang
hin hnh..
Enter view Scale <1.0000>: T l cho hnh
chiu.
Specify view center: Xc nh im t ca
hnh chiu.
Specify view center: Tip tc hoc nhn
enter.
Specify first corner of viewport: xc nh
im th nht ca viewports.
Specify opposite corner of viewport: xc
nh im gc th hai ca viewports.
Hnh 8.1 To hnh chiu bng
Enter view name: t tn cho viewport.
Ortho: O To hnh chiu vung gc t viewports sn c (u tin chn Viewport
ang c xc nh hng chiu; sau nh tm hnh chiu; xc nh khung
Viewport cha hnh chiu v t tn)
Dng nhc ph:
Specify side of viewport to project : chn cnh ca viewport.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


Specify view center: nh im t
Specify view center: chn im khc xc nh tm hnh chiu.
Specify first corner of V d: to hnh chiu ng bng ortho ca lnh solview:
viewport: xc nh im th
nht ca viewports.
Specify opposite corner of
viewport: xc nh im gc
th hai ca viewports.
Enter view name: t tn cho
viewport

Hnh 8.2 To hnh chiu ng


Section: S to hnh ct cho viewport. (u tin nh hai im trn hnh chiu ca
viewport xc nh mt phng ct; sau nh tm hnh chiu; xc nh v tr
khung Viewport cha hnh chiu v t tn)
V d: to hnh ct cnh bng la chn
Dng nhc ph:
Specify first point of cutting plane : chn SECTION ca lnh SOLVIEW.
im u tin ca mt phng ct.
Specify second point of cutting plane:
nh th 2 ca mt phng ct.
Specify side to view from: chn mt im
xc nh hng nhn.
Specify view scale <current>: nhp t l.
Specify view center: nh im t
Specify view center: chn im khc
xc nh tm hnh chiu.
Specify first corner of viewport: xc nh
im th nht ca viewports.
Specify opposite corner of viewport: xc Hnh 8.3 To hnh ct (Ch : hnh ct ny
nh im gc th hai ca viewports.
cha th hin c mt ct)
Enter view name: t tn cho hnh ct
Auxiliary: A to hnh chiu ph t viewport sn c. (u tin xc nh hai im
nh mt chiu cho hnh chiu ph; sau nh tm hnh chiu ph; xc nh v
khung Viewport cha hnh chiu v t tn)
Dng nhc ph:
Specify first point of inclined plane : chn im u tin ca mt phng nghing.
Specify second point of inclined plane: nh th 2 ca mt phng nghing.
Specify side to view from: chn mt im xc nh hng nhn.
Specify view center: nh im t
Specify view center: chn im khc xc nh tm hnh chiu.
Specify first corner of viewport: xc nh im th nht ca viewport.
Specify opposite corner of viewport: xc nh im gc th hai ca viewport.
Enter view name:
V d to hnh chiu ph bng lnh solview

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


II To ng bao, nt khut, v tuyn nh cho cc hnh chiu
Cng dng lnh: to cc ng bin dng v mt ct trong cc viewport to
bi solview trc .
Cch gi lnh
Draw/ Modeling/ Setup/ Drawing.
Soldraw.
Dng lnh
Select objects: chn lnh cnh ca viewport cn to bin dng hay cho cc hnh
chiu.
Select objects:
Sau khi chn cc viewport cha cc hnh chiu v hnh ct, lnh soldraw s
to ra cc ng bin dng (ng thy, khut) v mt ct nh hnh 6.5:

Hnh 8.5 To ng bao, nt khut,


v tuyn nh

Hnh 8.4 To hnh chiu ph

III Hng dn to hnh chiu, hnh ct


to hnh ct 1/4 , ta c th thc hin theo cc bc sau:
1) To ra 4 viewport cha 4 hnh chiu vung gc (cc thao tc thc hin nh bi
6).
2) S dng lnh Solprof to cc bin dng cho cc viewport khng c yu cu
to hnh ct.
3) Tc ht tt c cc lp PV, PH trn cc viewport.
4) Quay tr li khng gian m hnh (model).
5) S dng lnh Slice ct m hnh. (lu sau khi ct c , phi cng hai
phn ct ca solid li thnh 1 solid).
6) Quay tr v khng gian giy v, lc ny trn viewport cc hnh chiu s c
cp nht.
7) Dng lnh Sloprof to bin dng cho cc hnh chiu trong viewport c yu
cu to hnh ct.
8) Tt lp cha m hnh 3D v bt tt c cc lp PV, PH ln.
9) Hon tt cc yu cu ca bn v k thut.
10) S dng lnh Vplayer to ra mt lp mi v tuyn nh hoc ghi kch thc
cho cc hnh chiu.
Lu : Nu khng v c tuyn nh trn hnh chiu ny, hy kim tra cc li sau:
Tuyn nh phi c v trong mi trng model ca viewport .

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


Hng chiu ban u c ng khng?
Mt phng XY ca Ucs trong viewport c hin th song song vi
mn hnh khng?.
V d:

Hnh 8.6 To hnh ct trn hnh chiu trc o c v tuyn nh


trn cc mt c ct
IV Bi tp:
1. Cc lnh cn thc hin trong bi tp:
Cch xy dng m hnh khi rn phc tp
Lnh to cc hnh chiu vung gc, hnh chiu ph, hnh ct: SOLVIEW.
Lnh to ng bao, nt khut v v tuyn nh: SOLDRAW.
Trnh t thc hin php chiu t m hnh 3D sang 2D.
Cc lnh hc bi trc v lnh 2D.
2. Yu cu thc hin
M file mi v thc hin cc yu cu sau:
Thit lp mi trng 3D SE Isometric.
T cc hnh chiu 2D cho trong bi tp, bn hy xy dng m hnh 3D
bng lnh to khi c bn hoc bng cc lnh h tr khi rn hc; kt
hp vi cc lnh hiu chnh bin hnh. Trn m hnh 3D khng cn ghi kch
thc.
Tip theo thc hin php chiu t m hnh 3D sang bn v 2D bao gm
hnh chiu bng, chiu ng, chiu cnh nh ban u cho. Ghi kch
thc cho ba hnh chiu . V ghi mt s kch thc tng trung cho hnh
chiu ISOMETRIC.
Lu , to hnh chiu trc o, hy s dng phng php nh bi 6.
Ci t LAYER ng tiu chun v ch cch b tr cc hnh v trn 1
layout.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Hnh 8.7

Hnh 8.8

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007

Bi 9
TRNH DIN M HNH
I Gn vt liu cho m hnh t bng Toolpalettes
gn vt liu mu t bng Toolpalettes cho m hnh, ta c th thc hin bng
cc cch sau:
Click vo mt mu vt liu trn bng v ko n n chm vo m hnh ri th ra.
Double click vo mu vt liu trn bng, xut hin con tr kiu bt v, sau
click ln m hnh cn gn.
II Thit lp cc ngun sng
2.1 To ngun sng
Cch gi lnh
View/render/light
Toolbar light
a. To ngun sng Point light
POINT LIGHT: ngun sng ta: ngun sng ny s chiu sng t mt im trn m
hnh n mi hng, cng nh sng gim theo khong cch. S dng ngun sng
Point light cho cc hiu ng nh sng ton din. V d nh nh sng n.
Dng lnh
Specify source location <0,0,0>:
Enter an option to change
[Name/Intensity/Status/shadoW/Attenuation/Color/eXit] <eXit>:
Cc la chn:
Name: N. t tn ngun sng cn to.
Intensity: iu chnh cng hoc sng ca nh sng. Phm vi t 0 n gi
tr ln nht c h tr bi h thng ca bn.
Status: Tt m ngun sng. Nu ngun sng khng c kch hot trn bn v th
cc thit lp ca n khng c tc dng.
shadoW: To bng .
Attenuation: nh quy lut cng ngun sng.
Color: iu khin mu ca nh sng.
a. To ngun sng Distance light
DISTANCE LIGHT: ngun sng xa: ngun sng s to ra cc tia sng song song chiu
ln ton b m hnh theo hng no . Cng nh sng khng ph thuc vo khong
cch. Ngun sng Distance light hu dng i vi vic to ra nh sng u nhau trn cc
i tng hoc trn mt tm mn no .
Dng lnh
Specify light direction FROM <0,0,0> or [Vector]: im t.
Specify light direction TO <1,1,1>: V tr ngun sng.
Enter an option to change [Name/Intensity/Status/shadoW/Color/eXit] <eXit>:
Cc la chn ca kiu ngun sng xa ging vi ngun sng ta.
b. To ngun sng splot light
SPOT LIGHT: ngun sng ri: ngun sng ny chiu nh sng trc tip n mt ch
ngm no trong mt phm vi hp v gim dn theo khong cch. Ngun sng

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

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Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


Splotlight hu dng i vi vic lm ni bt nhng vng v im c trng no trn
m hnh. V d nh nh sng n pin, n pha.
Dng lnh
Specify source location <0,0,0>: nh v tr.
Specify target location <0,0,-10>: nh im n.
Enter an option to change
[Name/Intensity/Status/Hotspot/Falloff/shadoW/Attenuation/Color/eXit]<eXit>:
Cc la chn:
Hotspot. nh gc cn vng sng r nht ca chm tia tia sng ri n.
Falloff: nh gc cn vng sng ln nht ca chm tia tia sng ri n.
Cc la chn ca kiu ngun sng xa ging vi ngun sng ta.
2.2 Thit lp v tr a l to ngun sng mt tri
Mt tri l mt sng m t hiu ng ca nh sng mt tri v c th c dng
th hin cch thc to bng theo mt cu trc no nh hng n vng xung
quanh.
Gc ca tia sng mt tri c iu khin bi v tr a l m bn xc nh cho m
hnh ca bn v c iu khin bi ngy thng v thi im trong ngy. y l nhng
tnh cht ca nh sng mt tri v c th thay i trong ca s Sun Properties v trong
hp thoi Geographic Location.
Cch gi lnh
View/render/Geography Location
Toolbar light.
Xut hin hp thoi Geographic Location

Hp thoi Geographic Location

Hp thoi Sun Properties

2.3 Thay i tnh cht ca nh sng mt tri


Cch gi lnh
View/render/Geography Location
Toolbar light
Xut hin hp thoi Sun Properties

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 97 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


III Thit lp my quay (camera)
Cch gi lnh
View/ Creat camera
Dng lnh
Specify camera location: nh v tr camera.
Specify target location: nh ch ngm.
Enter an option
[?/Name/LOcation/Height/Target/LEns/Clipping/View/eXit]<eXit>: Chn cc la
chn.
Cc la chn:
LOcation: LO.
Specify camera location <564.0477,917.8389,0>: nh li v tr my quay.
Height: H.
Specify camera height <0>: nh chiu cao my quay.
Target: T.
Specify target location <2236.3174,406.8779,0>: nh v trch ch ngm.
LEns: LE.
Specify lens length in mm <50: Chiu di thu knh.
Clipping: C.
Enable front clipping plane?[Yes/No] <Yes>: Kch hot mt phng ct quan st
trc hay khng?
Enable back clipping plane? [Yes/No] <No>: Kch hot mt phng ct pha sau
hay khng?
View: V.
Switch to camera view? [Yes/No] <No>: Chuyn sang gc quan st ca my quay.
IV Thit lp mi trng trnh din
Cch gi lnh
View/render/render environment
Bn c th s dng cc c im v mi trng thit lp nhng hiu ng ca
khng kh hoc cc hnh nn.
Bn c th hon thin mt hnh nh trnh din bng cc tnh cht ca hiu ng
khng kh ging nh sng m v khong chn thm su hoc bng cch thm vo
hnh nh lm nn.
Fog/Depth Cue: Sng m v khong
chn thm chiu su thc s l hin tng
c cng mt hiu ng: mu trng ch
sng m v mu en ch khong chn
thm su truyn thng. Bn c th s dng
bt k mu no chen gia chng.
Enable Fog: bt tt ch sng m m
khng lm nh hng n cc thit lp
khc trong hp thoi.
Color: Ch nh mu ca sng m.
Fog Background: Gn sng m cho nn
trnh din cng nh i tng hnh hc.
Near Distance: Xc nh khong cch t my quay v tr m ni sng m bt u.
Far Distance: Xc nh khong cch t my quay v tr m ni sng m kt thc.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 98 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

Giao trnh AutoCAD 2007


Near Fog Percentage: Xc nh m ca sng m ti khong cch gn.
Far Fog Percentage: Xc nh m ca sng m ti khong cch xa.
V Trnh din m hnh bng lnh Render
Cch gi lnh
View/render/render
Render
Trnh t thc hin biu din bng render
Bn c th tin hnh trnh din mt m hnh 3D nh sau:
Gn vt liu cho m hnh.
To ngun sng.
Chun b my quay to gc quan st.
Thit lp mi trng trnh din.
Chn gc quan st cho my quay.
Gi lnh render trnh din m hnh.

Khoa C Kh Cong Nghe

- 99 -

Bien soan: Nguyen Hai ang

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