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TIU LUN MN HC QUN L MI TRNG TH & KHU CNG NGHIP

GVHD: Phan Th Phm


Lp: 08MT112
Nhm 2: 1. 2. 3. 4. Nguyn Nht Tin. Trn Quang Trung. Ng Th Thy. Hunh Mnh Tun

TI: NGNH DT NHUM

CC QU TRNH C BN TRONG CNG NGH DT NHUM


Ngnh cng nghip Dt - Nhum ang

pht trin mnh m nc ta v l mt


trong nhng ngnh cng nghip c trng c nguy c nhim, gy ra cc tc ng xu nht nh i vi mi trng xung quanh v sc kho cng ng, c bit l

do lng nc thi sn xut ln, c cha


nhiu cc cht nhim v c, hu c v kim loi nng.

VN MI TRNG
Cc vn mi trng pht sinh t ngnh t nhum:
Nc thi: cha nhiu loi ha cht, c mu cao. Kh thi: cha hi ha cht s dng khng qu trnh nhum, khng kh ti xng dt c lng si bng l lng cao nh hng n sc khe cng nhn.

Nguyn liu

Ko si

H si

Dt vi

Ty trng

X l acid, git

Nu

Gi h

Git

Lm bng

Nhum, in hoa

Git

Sn phm

Gp, cun, ng kin

Sy, cn lng, lm mm

QUY TRNH SN XUT NGNH DT NHUM

BNG 1: NGUN GC NC THI


Cng on Cht nhim trong nc thi
c tnh ca nc thi BOD cao ( 34% - 50% tng sn lng BOD). kim cao, mu ti, BOD cao (30% tng BOD). kim cao, chim 5% BOD.

Tinh bt, glucoz, polyvinyl H si, gi h alcol, nha, cht bo, sp, carboxy mety xenluloz. Nu, ty Ty trng NaOH, cht sp du m, tro, soda, silicat natri, x si vn. Hipoclorit, hp cht cha clo, NaOH, axit, AOX.

Trch bng 11.1 Gio trnh Cng ngh x l nc thi bng bin php sinh hc NXB GD.

BNG 1: NGUN GC NC THI (tt)


Cng on Cht nhim trong nc thi c tnh ca nc thi

Nhum

mu rt cao, BOD Cc loi thuc nhum, axit axetic kh cao (6% BOD), TS v cc mui kim loi. cao. Cht mu, tinh bt, du, t st, mui kim loi, axit.. Vt tinh bt, m ng vt, mui mu cao, BOD cao (khong 20%) v du m Kim nh, BOD thp.

In
Hon thin

Trch bng 11.1 Gio trnh Cng ngh x l nc thi bng bin php sinh hc NXB GD.

X L NC THI V KH THI
V nguyn l x l, nc thi dt

nhum c th p dng cc
phng php sau: - Phng php c hc. - Phng php ha hc. - Phng php ha l. - Phng php sinh hc.
B aerotank B lng

BNG 2: THNG S C TRNG NHIM NC THI


c tnh sn phm Nc thi pH TS BOD5 COD mu mg/l mg/l mg/l Pt-Co n v m3/tn vi Hng bng Hng pha dt thoi dt kim 394 8-11 400-1000 70-135 150-380 350-600 264 9-10 950-1380 90-220 230-500 250-500 Dt len 114 9 420 120-130 400-450 260-300 Si 236 9-11 800-1300 90-130 210-230 -

Trch bng 11.3 Gio trnh Cng ngh x l nc thi bng bin php sinh hc NXB GD.

BNG 3: GI TR GII HN CC THNG S V NNG NHIM (QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT)


Gi tr C A 6-9 50 B 5,5-9 100

TT
1 2 pH

Thng s

n v
mg/l

Cht rn l lng (TSS)

3
4 5

BOD5 (200C)
COD mu (Co-Pt pH = 7)

mg/l
mg/l -

30
50 20

50
100 70

Ta c th thy hm lng cht rn trong nc thi dt nhum ln hn gp nhiu ln so vi quy chun cho php. l do tp cht tch ra t x si, cc cht bn dnh vo si.

kim cao lm tng pH ca nc. Nu pH > 9 s gy c hi i vi thy tinh.


H tinh bt bin tnh, cc loi acid, xt, NaOCl, cc hp cht cha Nit, pht sinh t quy trnh sn xut lm tng BOD, COD ca ngun nc. Thuc nhum d lm cho nc thi c mu cao gy mu cho dng tip nhn.

Nc thi dt nhum chy ra knh Tham Lng, on phng ng Hng Thun, qun 12 TPHCM. (Ngun http://suckhoedinhduong.nld.com.vn, 22/3/2012

QUY TRNH X L NC THI NH MY DT NHUM.


B keo t to bng

Nc thi

H thu SCR

B iu ha

B lng 1 Ha cht B aerotank

B cha bn

My p bn

Ngun tip nhn

Kh trng

Lc p lc

B lng 2

Bnh bn

KH THI
- Kh thi ca Nh my Dt - Nhum ch yu t cc cng on x l nhit v x l hon tt hng dt. C th nhn din cc ngun thi hi kh c nh sau: + Kh ClO(Cl2) bc ra t khu ty trng va si bng nc Javen, + Kh NO2 bc ra t qu trnh nhum mu vi thuc nhum loi "Indigosol". + Hp cht hu c bay hi trong in Pigment.

+ Formandehyde: Trong in hoa pigment phi s dng cc cht to mng kt dnh (binder) hoc cht gn mu (fixer) do vy mt lng formandehyde s thot ra mi trng.
nhim kh SO2, CO, NOx v bi than t l hi.

Ting n: Ting n c trng ca ngnh dt - nhum ph thuc


vo th h my mc v ch yu pht ra t: - Cc my dt, my ct (theo nguyn tc dp),

- Cm my nhum - git ty - ly tm vt nc vi,


- L hi. - c bit l ting n kh ng do cc dng kh, hi vn chuyn lin tc trong ng ng.

BNG 4: QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA V KH THI CNG NGHIP I VI BI V CC CHT V C (QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT)

TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Thng s
Bi tng Lu hunh ioxit, SO2 Hydro sunphua, H2S Clo Nit oxit, NOx (tnh theo NO2) Nit oxit, NOx (c s sn xut ha cht), tnh theo NO2 Hi H2SO4 hoc SO3, tnh theo SO3 Hi HNO3 (cc ngun khc), tnh theo NO2 Cacbon oxit, CO

Nng C (mg/Nm3) A B 400 200 1500 500 7,5 7,5 32 10 1000 850 2000 1000 100 1000 1000 50 500 1000

X L KH THI
gim thiu lng kh c hi sinh ra t cc qu trnh sn xut cn phi c h thng ht kh t cc cng on sinh ra kh c x l. Quy m sn xut s quyt nh phng php x l. Vi nng tng i nh ta c th chn phng n pht tn. Vi

nng cc cht c hi trong khng


kh ln th h thng x l kh thi trc khi pht tn l rt cn thit.

Hnh : Thp hp thu kh thi t cc qu trnh nhum, ty trng.

CC BIN PHP GIM THIU CHT THI


QUN L NI VI CI TIN THIT B

GIM THI TI NI PHT SINH

CI TIN THIT B

THAY I NGUYN LIU

THAY I CNG NGH

Gio dc ngi vn hnh my. Bo m ch in, hi, nc, M nc khi c yu cu. Cng tc iu sn xut hp l. Bo qun NVL cn thn.

Ci to h thng tun hon nc. Ci to kho bt bung chng. Tu sa ng ng r r.

Kim tra vi cui mi cng on. Gim lng ct b vi u cy. Cn i m sn xut v lng pha.

Chn cht c th kh tt. Cht git H Men vi sinh d h.

Thay mng ngm nh, gim lng x. B tr thit b thu hi nc hiu qu.

CC BIN PHP KIM SOT


kim sot cc vn mi trng ngnh dt nhum hiu qu cc th p dng cc bin php sau:

Tin hnh thc hin nh gi tc ng mi trng khi mun thc hin d n. (quy nh theo Ngh nh s 21/2008/N-CP).
Bt buc thc hin cam kt bo v mi trng vi cc d n khng quy nh trong Ngh nh s 21/2008/N-CP.

Thanh tra, kim tra cc c s, nh my dt nhum v vn mi trng v x pht theo lut nh.

Khuyn khch thc hin h thng tiu chun ISO 14000 trong doanh nghip v p dng cng ngh sn xut sch hn cho nh my.
Quy hoch v qun l cc nh my dt nhum sao cho hp l gim thiu tc ng n ngun nc, mi trng sinh thi v dn c sinh sng xung quanh nh my.

XIN CM N S THEO DI CA C V CC BN

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