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Bi ton vit phng trnh tip tuyn(d) ca th (C) i qua 1 im cho trc
M(x0, y0)
C 2 trng hp :
- TH1: M thuc (C).(M l tip im)
- TH2: M khng thuc (C)
V vy khi gp bi ton ny vic u tin l em th ta im M vo th (C)
kim tra M c thuc (C) hay khng.
Nu M thuc C: TH1
V d: Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca hm s y = x3 - 3x2 + 2 (C) i qua im
M(1,0).
Phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C) i qua M c dng: y yM = y(x xM) (d)
V M(1,0) thuc (C) y = 3x2 6x = 3.12 6.1 = -3
Phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C) i qua im M(1,0) l:
y 0 = -3.(x -1)
y = -3x + 3 (d)
Nu M khng thuc C:TH2:khc vi TH1 c th tnh y ngay lp tc th TH2
khng th tnh y ngay lp tc c m phi i tm honh ca tip im ca (C)
v (d), sau khi c honh ca tip im mi tnh y
V d: Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca hm s y = x3 - 3x2 + 2 (C) i qua im
M(1,2).
Phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C) i qua M c dng: y yM = y(x xM)
y = 3x2 6x
phng trnh tip tuyn: y 2 = (3x2 6x).(x -1) (d)
y = 3x3 3x2 6x2 + 6x +2
y = 3x3 9x2 + 6x +2
Phng trnh hoanh giao im ca th (C) v tip tuyn (d):
(mc ch ca vic tnh phng trnh honh giao im ca (C) v (d) l tm giao
im ca (C) v (d), tc l tm tip im, t a bi ton v trng hp 1.
Khi c tip im ch vic th honh ca tip im vo y tnh y.)
x3 - 3x2 + 2 = 3x3 9x2 + 6x +2
2x3 6x2 + 6x = 0
x(2x2 6x + 6)= 0
x.[(
2. x. +
x.{
+ ]=0
(Gii thch: V
Tnh
theo
MN theo cng thc:
MN2 =